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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England and
+Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Curiousities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol. 1
+       Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically
+       Arranged. 11 Volume set.
+
+Author: Thomas Dugdale
+
+Other: William Burnett
+
+Release Date: September 25, 2011 [EBook #37519]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Graeme Mackreth and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images generously made
+available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Frontispiece.
+
+_Designed & Engraved for_ Dugdales England & Wales _Delineated._]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES of GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+ENGLAND & WALES
+
+Delineated.
+
+_Historical, Entertaining & Commercial._
+
+Alphabetically arranged
+
+_By Thomas Dugdale. Antiquarian._
+
+_assisted by WILLIAM BURNETT. CIVIL ENGINEER._ --1835--
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Warkworth Hermitage. Northumberland.
+
+Drawn and Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated. _London
+Published by L. Tallis. S. Jewin Street. City._
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by J. Satmon
+
+KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE.
+
+Engraved by E. Mansill
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by J. Marchant.
+
+THEBERTON HOUSE THE SEAT of THOS GIBSON ESQ.
+
+Engraved by D. Buckle.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: CITY OF DURHAM,
+
+DURHAM.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: THE QUEEN'S PALACE, PIMLICO.
+
+_MIDDLESEX._
+
+The birth place of The Prince of Wales, born, Novr 9. 1911, also of
+the Princess Royal, born. Novr 21, 1810.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: YORK.
+
+_OLD BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER FOSS._]
+
+[Illustration: PENRICE CASTLE.
+
+_GLAMORGANSHIRE_
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: TRETWR.
+
+_BRECKNOCKSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: NEW POST OFFICE.
+
+_St. Martins le-Grand_
+
+_LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE.
+
+_LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: DUNSTABLE PRIORY CHURCH,
+
+(WEST FRONT.)
+
+BEDFORDSHIRE.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: PLYMOUTH SOUND.
+
+FROM MOUNT EDGCOMBE.]
+
+[Illustration: MANERBEER CASTLE,
+
+_PEMBROKESHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: _West Tower of_
+
+GOODRICH CASTLE,
+
+_HEREFORDSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawn & Engraved by J. Grey]
+
+CARLISLE CASTLE,
+
+CUMBERLAND.
+
+[Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: BANK OF ENGLAND.
+
+_LONDON._]
+
+[Illustration: CITY OF BRISTOL,
+
+_GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND SOMERSETSHIRE._
+
+Among the numerous distinguished individuals to whom Bristol has had the
+honour of giving birth, are Lilly, Chatterton, Mrs. Mary Robinson,
+Mrs. Hannah More, Southey, Sebastian Cabot, the first discoverer of the
+continent of America, & many others.]
+
+[Illustration: KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE,
+
+_YORKSHIRE._
+
+About a mile down the river from this Castle, is St. Robert's Cave, the
+scene of the murder committed by Eugene Aram, which was discovered
+thirteen years afterwards.]
+
+[Illustration: BATTERSEA BRIDGE.
+
+_SURREY._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: BATTLE ABBEY.
+
+_SUSSEX._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: LLANTHONEY ABBEY.
+
+_MONMOUTHSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: COWBRIDGE,
+
+_GLAMORGANSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: VALE OF TAFF.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: LAUGHARNE CASTLE,
+
+_CAERMARTHENSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: RUNNEY MEAD, OR MAGNA CHARTA ISLAND.
+
+_NEAR EGHAM, SURREY._
+
+This place is celebrated in history as the spot where the assembled
+barons in 1215, obtained from King John, the grant of Magna Charta.]
+
+[Illustration: KIRKSTALL ABBEY, NEAR LEEDS.
+
+_YORKSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: GOLDSMITH'S HALL.
+
+_FOSTER LANE, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.
+
+Charles Street Mary-le-bone.
+
+This Hospital was instituted for sick & lame patients in 1745. The
+present substantial building was completed in 1835.]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLAND & WALES]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLAND & WALES
+
+With its Railroads & Canals.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BEDFORDSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BERKSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration: CAMBRIDGESHIRE]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: CHESHIRE]
+
+[Illustration: CORNWALL.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: CUMBERLAND.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: DERBYSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+ENGLAND AND WALES DELINEATED:
+
+HISTORICAL, ENTERTAINING, AND COMMERCIAL.
+
+EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERS SUBJOINED TO THE NAMES OF PLACES.
+
+   bo         borough
+   chap       chapelry
+   co         county
+   dis        district
+   div        division
+   ext. p.    extra parochial
+   ham        hamlet
+   hun        hundred
+   la         lathe
+   lib        liberty
+   m. t.      market town
+   pa         parish
+   pre        precinct
+   qr         quarter
+   ra         rape
+   ti         tithing
+   to         township
+   vil        village
+   wap        wapentake
+   ward       wardship
+   E.         East
+   W.         West
+   N.         North
+   S.         South
+   S.E.      South-East
+   S.W.      South-West
+   N.E.      North-East
+   N.W.      North-West
+
+E.R. York.--N.R. York.--or W.R. York ... East, North, or West Riding
+of Yorkshire.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.| County.  |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------+----------+------------+---------------+
+    34|Abbas Combe     pa|Somerset  |Wincanton  3|Milborne Port 6|
+    15|Abbenhall       pa|Gloucester|Newnham    4|Mitchel Dean  1|
+    33|Abberbury[A]    pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury 8|Melverly      3|
+    42|Abberley        pa|Worcester |Bewdley    6|Tenbury      11|
+    14|Abberton        pa|Essex     |Colchester 4|Witham       12|
+    42|Abberton        pa|Worcester |Pershore   6|Alcester      8|
+    29|Abberwick       to|Northumber|Alnwick    3|Wooler       14|
+    58|Abber-cwm-Hir chap|Radnor    |Rhayader   6|Knighton     15|
+     9|Abbey-Dore      pa|Hereford  |Hereford  11|Hay          14|
+    17|Abbey-Holm[B]   pa|Cumberland|Wigton     6|Allonby       7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+------------+---------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.| Number of Miles From      |Lond.|population.
+   +--+------------------+---------------------------+-----+-----+
+    34|Abbas Combe     pa|Shaftesbury               8|  105|  448|
+    15|Abbenhall       pa|Monmouth                 13|  116|  235|
+    33|Abberbury[A]    pa|Montgomery               15|  161| 1798|
+    42|Abberley        pa|Kidderminst               8|  125|  590|
+    14|Abberton        pa|Maldon                   13|   47|  203|
+    42|Abberton        pa|Worcester                10|  103|   90|
+    29|Abberwick       to|Rothbury                  7|  311|  135|
+    58|Abber-cwm-Hir chap|Presteign                18|  186|  368|
+     9|Abbey-Dore      pa|Ross                     16|  140|  533|
+    17|Abbey-Holm[B]   pa|Carlisle                 17|  309| 3056|
+   +--+------------------+---------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] ABBERBURY, or Alberbury, a parish and township, partly in the
+hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, in the county of Montgomery, and partly
+in that of Ford, in the county of Salop. Warine, sheriff of this county
+in the reign of Henry I., founded an abbey for black monks, a cell to
+Guardmont, in Limosin, which, at the suppression of alien priories was
+bestowed by Henry VI. upon the college founded by Archbishop Chiechley.
+Benthall, Eyton, Rowton, Amaston, and Wollaston, are all townships of
+this parish. At Glyn, in this parish, is the celebrated Old Parr's
+cottage, which has undergone but little alteration since his time; it is
+timber-framed, rare, and picturesque, within view of Rodney's Pillar on
+Bredden Hill, in Montgomeryshire. In Wollaston Chapel is a brass plate,
+with his portrait thus inscribed: "The old, old, very old man, Thomas
+Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of Wennington, within the
+chapelry of Great Wollaston, and parish of Alberbury, in the county of
+Salop, in 1483. He lived in the reigns of ten kings and queens of
+England, viz. King Edward IV., King Edward V., King Richard III., King
+Henry VII., King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., Queen Mary, Queen
+Elizabeth, King James I., and Charles I.; he died in London, (sixteen
+years after his presentation to King Charles,) on the 13th of November,
+1635, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, on the 15th of the same
+month, aged one hundred and fifty-two years and nine months. At the age
+of one hundred and five, he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for
+criminal connexion with Catherine Milton, by whom he had offspring."
+
+[Sidenote: Old Parr's cottage and birth-place, who lived in the reigns
+of ten kings and queens.]
+
+[Sidenote: Did penance at the age of 105.]
+
+
+[B] ABBEY-HOLM is a small town in the ward of Allerdale. The original
+consequence of this little town was derived from an abbey of Cistercian
+monks, founded here, about the twelfth century, by Henry I. of England,
+as the crown rolls imply. Its benefactors were many in number, and by
+the magnificent grants and privileges with which it was endowed, it
+acquired so much importance, that during the reigns of Edward I. and II.
+its abbots, though not mitred, were frequently summoned to sit in
+parliament. The abbey was pillaged and burnt during the incursion of
+Robert Bruce, but afterwards rebuilt with great magnificence; few
+vestiges, however, of its monastic buildings now remain. From the ruins
+the Parochial Chapel was formed, and there yet stands a part of the
+church in its original form. During the reign of Henry VIII. the abbey
+was chiefly dilapidated; the church continued in good condition till the
+year 1600, when the steeple, one hundred and fourteen feet high,
+suddenly fell down, and by its fall destroyed great part of the chancel.
+Its total ruin was nearly accomplished by an accidental fire five years
+afterwards. This fire took place on April 18, 1604, and was occasioned
+by a servant carrying a live coal into the roof of the church, to search
+for an iron chisel; the boisterous wind blew the coal out of his hand
+into a daw's nest, by which the whole was ignited, and within less than
+three hours it consumed both the body of the chancel and the whole
+church, except the south side of the low church, which was saved by
+means of a stone vault. Almost due-west from Abbey-Holm, in a strong
+situation near the sea coast, are some remains of Wulstey Castle, a
+fortress, which was erected by the abbots to secure their treasures,
+books, and charters from the sudden depredations of the Scots. "In this
+castle," observes Camden, "tradition reports, that the magic works of
+Sir Michael Scot (or Scotus), were preserved, till they were mouldering
+into dust. He professed a religious life here about the year 1290, and
+became so versed in the mathematics, and other abstruse sciences, that
+he obtained the character of a magician, and was believed, in that
+credulous age, to have performed many miracles." The story of Michael
+Scot forms a beautiful episode in Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel,"
+the notes to which furnish some curious information respecting that
+extraordinary personage. Sir Michael Scot, of Balwearie, we are told,
+flourished during the thirteenth century, and was one of the ambassadors
+sent to bring the Maid of Norway to Scotland, upon the death of
+Alexander III. His memory survives in many a legend; and in the south of
+Scotland, any work of great labour and antiquity is ascribed either to
+the agency of auld Michael, of Sir William Wallace, or the devil. The
+following are amongst the current traditions concerning Michael
+Scot:--He was chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from
+the King of France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his
+subjects upon those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and
+splendid retinue, he evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse,
+mounted upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards
+France. When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the
+palace, and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador with so little
+of the pomp and circumstance of diplomacy was not received with much
+respect, and the king was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his
+demand, when Michael besought him to suspend his resolution till he had
+seen his horse stamp three times: the first stamp shook every steeple in
+Paris, and caused all the bells to ring; the second threw down three of
+the towers of the palace; and the infernal steed had lifted up his hoof
+to give the third stamp, when the king rather chose to dismiss Michael,
+with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the probable
+consequences. Another time, it is said that, while residing at the tower
+of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above Selkirk, having
+heard of the fame of a sorceress, called the Witch of Falsehope, who
+lived on the opposite side of the river, Michael went one morning to put
+her skill to the test, but was disappointed by her positively denying
+any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse with her, he laid
+his wand inadvertently on the table which the hag observing, suddenly
+snatched it up and struck him with it. Feeling the force of the charm,
+he rushed out of the house; but as it had conferred on him the external
+appearance of a hare, his servant, who waited without, hallooed upon the
+discomfited wizard his own greyhounds, and pursued him so close, that,
+in order to obtain a moment's breathing to reverse the charm, Michael,
+after a very fatiguing course, was fain to take refuge in his own common
+sewer.
+
+   _Fair_, October 29, for horses and horned cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey destroyed by the accidental firing of a daw's
+nest.]
+
+[Sidenote: Michael Scot, the magician.]
+
+[Sidenote: Scottish legends.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fiend horse.]
+
+[Sidenote: French King's concession.]
+
+[Sidenote: The witch of Falsehope.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.|     Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+    16|Abbots Ann        pa|Hants   |Andover     2|Salisbury  16|
+    11|Abbots Bickington pa|Devon   |Holsworthy  6|Torrington  9|
+    35|Abbots Bromley[A] pa|Stafford|Uttoxeter   7|Lichfield  10|
+    12|Abbotsbury[B]     pa|Dorset  |Dorchester 10|Bridport   10|
+   +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-----+-------+
+    16|Abbots Ann        pa|Stockbridge          6|   66|    562|
+    11|Abbots Bickington pa|Hartland            13|  220|     77|
+    35|Abbots Bromley[A] pa|tafford             11| 1129|   1621|
+    12|Abbotsbury[B]     pa|Weymouth            10|  127|    874|
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] ABBOTS BROMLEY. The hobby-horse dance, an ancient custom, was
+observed here till the civil war.--Ten or twelve of the dancers carried,
+on their shoulders, deers' heads, painted with the arms of Paget, Bagot,
+and Welles, to whom the chief property of the town belonged. The horns
+yet hang up in the church, but the custom is now discontinued. The
+parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty, and Bromley Hurst township.
+Bagot's park is the deer-park of Lord Bagot, whose seat is at
+Blithefield.
+
+   _Market, Tuesday._--_Fairs_, Tuesday before Mid-lent Sunday, May 22,
+   September 4, for horses and horned cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Hobby-horse dance]
+
+
+[B] ABBOTSBURY consists of a single parish, divided into three streets,
+nearly in the form of the letter Y, lying in a valley surrounded and
+protected by bold hills near the sea. There is a tradition that this
+place was called Abodesbyry by St. Peter himself, in the infancy of
+Christianity, but it is more probably supposed to have derived its name
+from the magnificent abbey, originally founded here, in the early part
+of the eleventh century. The ruins of the abbey (which was once large
+and splendid, but is now nearly demolished), consist of a large barn, a
+stable, supposed to have been the dormitory, a porch which belonged to
+the conventual church, the principal entrance, a portion of the walls,
+and two buildings conjectured to have been used for domestic purposes.
+The barn, which, when entire, was the largest in the county, is now so
+dilapidated, that only a part of it can be used. The church, in which
+Orcus and his wife, the founders, were buried, is, with the exception of
+the porch and a pile of ruins under some neighbouring elms, totally
+destroyed; but the numerous chantries and chapels which belonged to it
+sufficiently prove its ancient magnificence. On an eminence, at a short
+distance from the town, stands a small building called St. Catherine's
+Chapel, which is supposed to have been erected about the time of Edward
+IV., and which from its height and lofty situation, serves both for a
+sea and land mark. Abbotsbury Church appears to have been built a short
+time before the reformation; the pulpit is pierced by musket balls, said
+to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers, at the officiating minister,
+whom, however, they missed. But it is more likely to have occurred at
+the time of Sir Anthony Astley Cooper's attack on the royalists, at the
+siege of Sir John Strangeway's house, in 1651. About a mile to the
+south-west of Abbotsbury, is the "decoy," where great quantities of wild
+fowl are annually taken. But the object which most engages the attention
+of strangers, in the neighbourhood of this town, is the celebrated
+"swannery," which, not long since, was the property of the Earl of
+Ilchester. In the open or broad space of the fleet are kept six or seven
+hundred swans, formerly one thousand five hundred, including hoppers--a
+small species of swans, who feed and range, and return home again.
+
+_Fair_, July 10, for sheep and toys.
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition of St. Peter]
+
+[Sidenote: A ruined abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Catherine's chapel, a sea mark.]
+
+[Sidenote: Wild fowl decoy, and swannery.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+    11|Abbotsham    m.t.& pa|Devon     |Bideford     2| Torrington   7|
+    44|Abbotside, H.&Low  pa|N.R. York |Askrigg      0| Middleham    7|
+    34|Abbotts Isle       pa|Somerset  |Ilminster    4| Ilchester   11|
+    11|Abbotts Kerswell   pa|Devon     |Newton Bush  2| Totness      7|
+    18|Abbotts Langley[A] pa|Herts     |St. Albans   4| Watford      4|
+    34|Abbots Leigh       pa|Somerset  |Bristol      3| Bedminster   3|
+    15|Abbotsley          pa|Hunts     |St. Neots    4| Huntingdon  12|
+    42|Abbots Morton      pa|Worcester |Evesham      4| Alcester     8|
+    12|Abbots Stoke       pa|Dorset    |Beaminster   3| Crewkerne   10|
+    16|Abbotston          pa|Hants     |Alresford    4| Basingstoke 12|
+    33|Abdon              pa|Salop     |Ludlow       9| Bridgenorth 11|
+    53|Abenbury Fecham    to|Flintshire|Wrexham      4| Chester     10|
+    52|Abenbury Vawr      to|Denbigh   |Wrexham      3| Llangollen  12|
+    50|Aber[B]            pa|Caernavon |Bangor       6| Aberconway   9|
+    51|Aberaeron          to|Cardigan  |Aberystwith 17| Lampeter    14|
+    51|Aberarth     vil & pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter    14| Aberystwith 14|
+    56|Aber Bechan        to|Montgomery|Newtown      2| Montgomery   7|
+    52|Abercwhiler        to|Denbigh   |Denbigh      4| St. Asaph    3|
+    54|Aberavon [C] bo. & pa|Glamorgan |Neath        6| Bridgend    14|
+    48|Aberbaidon         am|Brecknock |Abergavenny  5| Crickhowel   3|
+    50|Aberconway [D]   m.t.|Caernarvon|Bangor      15| Llanrwst    12|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+    11|Abbotsham    m.t.& pa|Barnstaple            10|   204|      386|
+    44|Abbotside, H.&Low  pa|Richmond              12|   208|      762|
+    34|Abbotts Isle       pa|Taunton               10|   133|      380|
+    11|Abbotts Kerswell   pa|Torquay                6|   189|      442|
+    18|Abbotts Langley[A] pa|Hemel Hemp             6|    17|     1980|
+    34|Abbots Leigh       pa|Keynsham               9|   116|      360|
+    15|Abbotsley          pa|Potton                 4|    58|      369|
+    42|Abbots Morton      pa|Pershore               6|    99|      236|
+    12|Abbots Stoke       pa| Bridport              6|   143|      587|
+    16|Abbotston          pa|Winchester             9|    57|      248|
+    33|Abdon              pa|Ch. Stretton           9|   153|      170|
+    53|Abenbury Fecham    to|Mold                   7|   187|      111|
+    52|Abenbury Vawr      to|Mold                   8|   187|      214|
+    50|Aber[B]            pa|Caernarvon            15|   240|      552|
+    51|Aberaeron          to|Cardigan              23|   208|      ...|
+    51|Aberarth     vil & pa|Tregaron              13|   222|      976|
+    56|Aber Bechan        to|Welsh Pool            11|   178|      ...|
+    52|Abercwhiler        to|Caerwys                4|   208|      487|
+    54|Aberavon [C] bo. & pa|Swansea               11|   192|      572|
+    48|Aberbaidon         am|Brecon                14|   148|     1781|
+    50|Aberconway [D]   m.t.| Caernarvon           24|   236|     1245|
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+------+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABBOTTS LANGLEY. Before the Conquest, and till the dissolution of
+the monasteries, this place was in the possession of the abbots of St.
+Albans. About the time of Henry I., Nicholas Breakspear, a native of
+this place, was advanced to the rank of cardinal, and at length became
+pope, by the title of Adrian IV.; being the only Englishman that ever
+attained that dignity. He died, not without suspicion of poison, in
+1158.
+
+[Sidenote: Englishman made Pope.]
+
+
+[B] ABER (which signifies the mouth of a river, port, or harbour) is
+situated on the river Gwyngregyr, which here discharges itself into the
+Irish Sea. The native Welsh princes had a palace at this place, some
+remains of which are shewn as the residence of Llewelyn ap Griffith. It
+is one of the ferries to Anglesea, and a convenient place from which to
+visit the formidable Penmaen Mawr mountain. The passage from hence
+across the Laven Sands to Beaumaris is by no means safe, as the sands
+frequently shift; but the large bell of this village is constantly rung
+in foggy weather, in the hope that its sound may serve to direct those
+whom imperious necessity obliges to cross under all disadvantages. Two
+miles from this pleasing village, following the banks of the stream,
+which flows through highly picturesque scenery, there is a most romantic
+glen, and a very fine waterfall; the upper part of this cataract is
+sometimes broken into three or four divisions, by the rugged force of
+the impending cliff, but the lower one forms a broad sheet, and descends
+about sixty feet, in a very grand style.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 3.15 A.M., departs 9.32 P.M.--_Inn_, Bull.
+
+[Sidenote: Ferry to Anglesea.]
+
+[Sidenote: Laven sands dangerous. The bell constantly tolled in foggy
+weather.]
+
+[Sidenote: Romantic glen, and waterfall.]
+
+
+[C] ABERAVON is situated at the mouth of the river Avon, on Swansea Bay,
+and has a harbour for small vessels. Although no charter exists for a
+market, one has been held here, more than a century past. There is a
+ridiculous belief, amongst the people of this place, that every
+Christmas Day, and that day alone, a large salmon presents himself in
+the river, and allows himself to be caught and handled by any one who
+chooses; but it would be considered an act of impiety to detain him.
+
+   _Fair_, April 30.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular account of a Salmon.]
+
+
+[D] ABERCONWAY is an ancient fortified town, beautifully situated upon
+the estuary of the river Conway. The town is nearly of a triangular
+shape, and is thought by some to have been the Conovium of the Romans.
+The annals of this place commence no earlier than with the history of
+its castle, which was erected in 1284, by command of Edward I., as a
+security against the insurrections of the Welsh. Soon after its
+erection, the royal founder was besieged in it, and the garrison almost
+reduced by famine to surrender, when they were extricated by the arrival
+of a fleet with provision. At the commencement of the civil wars, it
+was garrisoned on behalf of the king, by Dr. John Williams, Archbishop
+of York. In 1645 he gave the government of the castle to his nephew,
+William Hookes. Two years after, Prince Rupert superseded the Archbishop
+in the command of North Wales. He endeavoured to obtain redress from the
+king, but failed. Enraged at this injury, he joined Mytton, and assisted
+in the reduction of the place. The town was taken by storm, August 15,
+1646, but the castle did not surrender till November 10. This fortress
+remained in tranquillity till a grant was made of it, by King Charles,
+to the Earl of Conway and Kilulta; when he had scarcely obtained
+possession, before he ordered an agent to remove the timber, iron, lead,
+and other materials. It was held on lease, by Owen Holland, Esq. from
+the crown, at an annual rent of six shillings and eightpence, and a dish
+of fish to Lord Holland, as often as he passed through the town. Thus,
+unprotected, it has suffered material injuries from wind and weather,
+and is reduced to a state of rapid decay. The ruins are remarkably
+picturesque, and very extensive. The town was surrounded by high massive
+walls, twelve feet thick, strengthened at intervals by twenty-four
+circular and semi-circular towers; these, with the four principal
+gateways, remain in tolerable preservation. There are scarcely any
+remains of the Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, in
+1185. The church contains a few modern monuments, belonging to the
+family of the Wynnes, formerly of this place. The font appears ancient;
+it is composed of black marble, curiously carved, and supported by a
+cluster of pilasters, standing upon a pedestal. In Castle Street is a
+very old house, called the college, which has a singular window,
+decorated with several coats of arms of the Stanley family. A day school
+is also kept in an ancient mansion, called Plas Mawr, situated near the
+market place, which was erected in 1585, by Robert Wynne, Esq. of
+Gwyder. The river Conway rises out of Llyn Conway, at the south
+extremity of the county, in the mountains of Penmachno. The ferry is of
+importance, as it lies upon one of the great roads from London to
+Ireland, but is justly considered a dangerous passage, and many are the
+accidents which have occurred. On Christmas Day, 1806, the boat
+conveying the Irish mail coach, was lost, and all the passengers,
+including the coachman and guard, were drowned, except two. At the
+Ferry-house a noble bay is formed where the tide enters the river. In
+this view, indeed, there are all the ingredients of a sublime and
+beautiful landscape. Few rivers, in England or Wales, in so short a
+course as twenty-nine miles, present so great a variety of beautiful
+scenery. Below Luna Hall, the falls of the Conway exhibit a noble
+cataract, about fifty feet; the stream of water, shooting directly from
+one aperture in the solid rock to a considerable distance, descends into
+a rocky basin, surrounded by hanging woods. One mile below this town, at
+Trefriw, the river becomes navigable, and contributes to the supply of
+the surrounding county. In Conway town there still exists a pearl
+fishery, and a chain suspension bridge has been recently erected in lieu
+of a dangerous ferry. The vale of Conway teems with interesting objects.
+Upon the west side is the abrupt termination of the Snowdon chain, down
+the declivities of which, through innumerable chasms, fissures, and
+channels, rush the superfluous waters of the lakes above, to mingle with
+the parent ocean. The principal employment of the poor, in this
+neighbourhood, is gathering the different species of fuci, commonly
+called sea-wreck, thrown up by the tide, or growing upon the breakers.
+This wreck they put into a kind of square fireplace, made upon the sand,
+and heat it till it becomes a liquid and forms a cake; when further
+baked or burnt it resembles cinders, and is called barilla or impure
+fossil alkali; in this state it is sold to manufacturers of soap and
+glass.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, March 26, April 30, June 20, August 19,
+   September 16, October 20, and November 15.--Inns, Harp, Bull's Head,
+   and White Lien.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M., departs 10-3/4 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: The Conovium of the Romans.]
+
+[Sidenote: Town taken by storm, in 1646.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious tenure--6s. 8d. and a dish of fish.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth in 1185.]
+
+[Sidenote: The ferry considered dangerous; loss of the Irish mail and 14
+passengers, in 1806.]
+
+[Sidenote: Falls of the Conway present a noble cataract, shooting from a
+solid rock.]
+
+[Sidenote: Pearl fishery and suspension bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Manufactory of barilla.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | County.  |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    54|Aberdare[A]           pa|Glamorg   |Mer. Tydvil 6|Bridgend   18|
+    50|Aberdaron             pa|Caernarvon|Pwllheli   16|Nevin      16|
+    54|Aberddaw, East       ham|Glamorg   |Cowbridge   5|Bridgend   10|
+    55|Aberdyfi              to|Merion    |Aberystwith 9|Towyn       5|
+    58|Aberedwy[B]           pa|Radnor    |Builth      4|Hay        12|
+    56|Abererch              pa|Caernarvon|Pwllheli    3|Crickieth   8|
+    45|Aberford[C]   m.t. &  pa|W.R. York |Tadcaster   6|Leeds       8|
+    47|Aberffraw             pa|Anglesea  |Bangor     17|Newborough  6|
+    26|Abergavenny[D] m.t. & pa|Monmouth  |Monmouth   17|Crickhowell 7|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From    |Lond.|population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    54|Aberdare[A]           pa|Brecon                20|  182|     3961|
+    50|Aberdaron             pa|Bardsey Isle           5|  258|     1389|
+    54|Aberddaw, East       ham|Llandaff              12|  179|      ...|
+    55|Aberdyfi              to|Machynlleth            9|  217|      ...|
+    58|Aberedwy[B]           pa|Radnor                13|  169|      344|
+    56|Abererch              pa|Nevin                  8|  234|     1365|
+    45|Aberford[C]   m.t. &  pa|Ferry Bridge           9|  186|      925|
+    47|Aberffraw             pa|Holyhead              12|  258|     1367|
+    26|Abergavenny[D] m.t. & pa|Usk                    9|  145|     4230|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABERDARE. _Fairs_, for cattle, April 19, Whit-Monday, November 14.
+
+
+[B] ABEREDWY. This delightful village derived its name from its
+situation, near the junction of the River Wye and Edwy. Nothing in
+nature can exceed the beauty of the neighbouring scenery. The Edwy
+descends through lofty walls of rock; in some places, broken into crags,
+which frightfully overhang the abyss. Near the place are the ruins of a
+castle, the retreat of the last native Welsh Prince, Llewelyn ap
+Gruffydd. The object of Llewelyn's journey to Aberedwy was to consult
+the chief persons of the district, upon the best means of successfully
+opposing the King of England, then invading Wales. On his arrival he
+found himself disappointed. Instead of meeting with friends, he was
+surrounded by the enemy. Edmund Mortimer and John Gyfford, acquainted
+with his route, marched from Herefordshire, with their troops to meet
+him. The enemy were numerous--resistance was in vain--Llewelyn withdrew
+to Builth. The mountains being covered with snow, he caused the shoes of
+his horse to be reversed, in order to baffle pursuit, but the
+treacherous _smith_ betrayed him. Llewelyn broke down the bridge of
+Builth, but was closely followed by the English forces, who fruitlessly
+attempted to gain it. Sir Elias Walwyn crossed the river, with a
+detachment, about eight miles below, at a place called Little Tom's
+Ferry Boat, and coming unexpectedly on the Welsh army, routed them.
+Llewelyn himself was attacked and slain, unarmed, in a narrow valley,
+not two hundred yards from the scene of action. Adam Francton, the
+murderer of Llewelyn, took no notice of his victim, but joined in the
+pursuit of the Welsh. Returning with the view of plundering the slain,
+he discovered the wounded person was no other than the Prince of Wales;
+for on stripping him, he found a letter in cipher and his privy seal.
+The brutal Francton, overjoyed that the Welsh prince had fallen into his
+hands, cut off his head, and sent it to the King of England, and thus
+perished the last native Prince of Wales.
+
+[Sidenote: Ruined castle--the retreat of Llewelyn, the last native
+Prince of Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: His horses shoes reversed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Betrayed by his smith.]
+
+[Sidenote: His army routed, and himself slain.]
+
+[Sidenote: His head sent to the King of England.]
+
+
+[C] ABERFORD is situated upon the River Cock, on the great northern
+road, on the banks of which river was fought the famous battle of
+Towton, in 1461, so called from a village in the vicinity. The town
+consists of a long straggling street, in the north of which are the
+remains of a Norman fortification, called Castle Carey; and the whole is
+in the line of the ancient Roman road. This town is curiously situated,
+as respects township: the west side is in Aberford-cum-Parlington; the
+east of the same end is Lotherton-cum-Aberford, and the north of the
+river is Aberford alone.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 4.11 P.M., departs 8.46 A.M.--_Inn_,
+   Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Here the famous battle of Towton was fought.]
+
+
+[D] ABERGAVENNY, (the ancient Gobanium of the Romans,) and its environs,
+have strong claims to the traveller's attention. Its castle and
+delightful terrace overlook the rich vale of Usk; its church, abounding
+in costly sculptured tombs, its beautifully variegated mountains, all
+conspire to render this place particularly attractive. This town was
+once fortified, and many portions of the work remain, particularly
+Tudor's Gate. The western entrance is furnished with two portcullises,
+and remarkable for the beautifully composed landscape seen through it.
+The style of building which forms the remains of this fortress marks its
+origin to have been subsequent to the Norman epoch. Excursions are
+frequently made to Blaenavon Iron Works, about six miles distant, which
+employ upwards of four thousand men. The mountainous territory
+containing these mineral treasures of iron, was demised by the crown to
+the Earl of Abergavenny, and is held under a lease by Hill and Co. A
+principal excursion from Abergavenny is that which leads northwards to
+Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin, seated in a deep recess of the black
+mountains, at the very extremity of Monmouthshire. Abergavenny is a
+place of much resort, being the thoroughfare from the west of Wales to
+Bath, Bristol, and Gloucestershire. Its principal manufacture is
+flannel, and its annual fairs for cattle are well attended.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 2 P.M., departs 11 A.M.--INNS, Angel, and
+   Greyhound.--_Bankers_, Hill and Co., draw upon Esdaile and
+   Co.,--Jones and Co., draw upon Williams and Co.--_Fairs_, May 14,
+   lean cattle and sheep; 1st Monday after Trinity, linen and woollen
+   cloths; September 25, horses, hogs, and flannel.--_Market_ Tuesday.
+
+[Sidenote: Gobanium of the Romans.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tudor's Gate.]
+
+[Sidenote: Blaenavon Iron Works. 4000 men employed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin in the black mountains.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | County   |    Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+    26|Abergavenny          hun|Monmouth  |      ...     |     ...       |
+    52|Abergele       m.t. & pa|Denbigh   |St. Asaph    7|Holywell     17|
+    49|Abergorlech         chap|Caermar   |Llandilo Var 7|Lampeter      9|
+    49|Abergwilley      to & pa|Caermar   |Caermar      2|Llandilo Var 15|
+    56|Aberhafesp            pa|Montgomery|Newton,      3|Llanydloes   11|
+    56|Aberhaly              to|Montgomery|Llanfair     6|Newton        5|
+    49|Abermarles            to|Caermar   |Llandovery   7|Llangadock    3|
+    48|Aberlyfni            ham|Brecknock |Hay          4|Brecon       11|
+    49|Abernant              pa|Caermar   |Caermar      4|Llaugharne   10|
+    54|Aberpergwm          chap|Glamorg   |Neath       10|Brecon       20|
+    56|Aber-Rhiw             pa|Montgomery|Welsh Pool   5|Montgomery    4|
+    51|Aber-Porth            pa|Cardigan  |Cardigan     7|Newcastle     9|
+    48|Aberyskir             pa|Brecknock |Brecon       4|Llandovery   16|
+    51|Aberystwith[A] m.t. & pa|Cardigan  |Tregaron    15|Machynlleth  18|
+    26|Aberystwith    pa & chap|Monmouth  |Abergaven    7|Crickhowell   7|
+     4|Abingdon[B]         m.t.|Berks     |Oxford       6|Wallingford  11|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |  Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+-------------------------+---------------+
+    26|Abergavenny          hun|Monmouth  |   ...        | ... |    30818|
+    52|Abergele       m.t. & pa|Denbigh   |Aberconway  12|  224|     2506|
+    49|Abergorlech         chap|Caermar   |Caermar     14|  209|      ...|
+    49|Abergwilley      to & pa|Caermar   |Newcastle   16|  214|     2675|
+    56|Aberhafesp            pa|Montgomery|Llanfair    10|  180|      535|
+    56|Aberhaly              to|Montgomery|Montgomery  10|  180|      ...|
+    49|Abermarles            to|Caermar   |Lampeter    14|  198|      ...|
+    48|Aberlyfni            ham|Brecknock |Builth      12|  160|      100|
+    49|Abernant              pa|Caermar   |Newcastle   11|  222|      654|
+    54|Aberpergwm          chap|Glamorg   |Merthyr Tyd 13|  188|      ...|
+    56|Aber-Rhiw             pa|Montgomery|Newtown      9|  172|     2429|
+    51|Aber-Porth            pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter    24|  235|      485|
+    48|Aberyskir             pa|Brecknock |Builth      14|  173|      110|
+    51|Aberystwith[A] m.t. & pa|Cardigan  |Aberllelwyn  5|  208|     4128|
+    26|Aberystwith    pa & chap|Monmouth  |Pontypool    8|  153|     5992|
+     4|Abingdon[B]         m.t.|Berks     |Wantage     10|   56|     5259|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------+--------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABERYSTWITH, a market town and seaport in the hundred of Glenaur
+Glynn, and also a township in the parish of Llanbadarn Vawr. It is
+situated at the confluence of the rivers Ystwith and Rhyddol, at which
+the former falls into the sea in the bay of Cardigan. The building of a
+castle, of which some vestiges remain, is attributed to Edward I. It
+stands on a craggy eminence projecting into the sea at the west of the
+town, and affords a magnificent view of the whole line of Welsh coast
+within the bay of Cardigan. The streets are steep and uneven.--The
+houses, which are principally formed of dark slate, present a very
+singular appearance. For some years past its celebrity, as a summer
+retreat and bathing-place, has been annually increasing, which is
+greatly contributed to by the beauty of the neighbourhood, and the
+commanding prospects around. The roads to it have been made excellent,
+and the customary amusements of plays and assemblies during the season
+add to the attractions for summer visitants. There was formerly a
+herring fishery, and the practice of fishing is still carried on with
+considerable advantage by the natives. About seven miles north of
+Aberystwith, on the sea coast, a considerable extent of land, has, by
+drainage, been recovered; twelve miles of embankment have been formed;
+and two navigable cuts, with a road of three miles and a stone bridge
+completed.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 7 A.M. departs 5 P.M.--_Fairs_, 1st Monday in May and
+   November, chiefly for hiring servants.--_Bankers_, W. Davis and Co.,
+   draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Gogerddon Arms, Old Lion, and
+   Talbot.--_Markets_, Monday and Saturday.
+
+[Sidenote: Fine bathing place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Twelve miles of embankment.]
+
+
+[B] ABINGDON, at the very edge of the county of Berkshire, was called
+Shovesham, by the Anglo-Saxons, until the foundation of the abbey, from
+which period it began to assume the name of Abbandeen, or the Town of
+the Abbey. This monastery, the monks of which were Benedictines, was
+founded by Cissa, an Anglo-Saxon monarch, in 675. During the reign of
+Alfred it was demolished by the Danes, and remained in ruins till King
+Edgar partly restored it, in 954. Ethelwold, the abbot at that time,
+erected and embellished the church, and his successors contributed to
+its increase. After the Conquest, the wealth and grandeur of the abbey
+were equal to any similar foundation in England. William the Conqueror
+kept Easter in the abbey, A.D. 1084; and here was educated his youngest
+son, Henry, surnamed Beauclerc, afterwards King Henry I., in whose
+reign, one of the most eminent characters who received sepulture within
+the abbey, was the celebrated Jeffery of Monmouth, author of the British
+History,--a work, from which some of our best poets have derived
+materials for their sublime compositions. Shakspeare's Lear, and
+Milton's Comus, were both supplied from Jeffery's history. He flourished
+in the reign of Henry I. Among the natives of Abingdon, whose talents
+have rendered their possessors eminent, was Sir John Mason, a statesman
+of the sixteenth century. His memory is the more worthy to be revered,
+because, from a very obscure origin, his genius and perseverance
+advanced him to the rank of privy-counsellor, ambassador to France, and
+chancellor of the University of Oxford. His father was a cow-herd and
+his mother, sister to one of the abbey monks, who attended to his early
+tuition, and sent him to Oxford, where he became a fellow of All Souls'
+college. While in this situation, the liveliness of his temper
+occasioned him to be chosen to compliment Henry VIII. on his visit to
+the University, in the year 1523, which being executed in a most
+graceful manner, engaged the favour of the monarch, who promoted him to
+the honourable offices above-mentioned. He died in 1566, and was buried
+in St. Paul's cathedral.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 2.49 A.M., departs 12.10 A.M.--_Fairs_, 1st Monday in
+   Lent, May 6, June 20, August 6, September 19, cattle; Monday before
+   Old Michaelmas, statute, and December 11, horses and
+   cattle.--_Bankers_, Knapp and Co., draw on Williams and Co.--_Inns_,
+   Crown and Thistle, and Queen's Arms.--_Markets_, Monday and Friday.
+
+[Sidenote: Monastery of Benedictine monks.]
+
+[Sidenote: William the Conqueror kept Easter, and his son was educated
+here. Jeffery of Monmouth buried in the abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir J. Mason, born here--his father a cow-herd.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County   |      Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
+    37|Abinger              pa|Surrey    |Dorking      4|Guildford      10|
+    15|Abinghall            pa|Gloucester|Newnham      6|Mitchel Dean    1|
+    28|Abington             pa|Northam   |Northam      2|Wellingboro     9|
+     6|Abington, Gt.& Lit.  pa|Cambridge |Linton       3|Cambridge       9|
+     6|Abington in the Clay pa|Cambridge |Royston      5|Potton          7|
+    23|Ab Kettleby          pa|Leicester |Melton Mow   3|Leicester      16|
+    15|Ablington            ti|Gloucester|Fairford     5|Cirencester     7|
+    10|Abney               ham|Derby     |Tideswell    5|Sheffield      14|
+    49|Above Sawdde        ham|Caermar   |Llangadock   1|Llandovery      7|
+    22|Above Town          div|Lancashire|Garstang    11|Burton         11|
+    22|Abram                to|Lancashire|Wigan        4|Bolton          9|
+    15|Abson with Wick    chap|Gloucester|Bristol      8|Sodbury         5|
+    21|Abthorp            chap|Northam   |Towcester    3|Brackley        9|
+    54|Aburthin             pa|Glamorg   |Llantrissant 8|Bridgend        7|
+    24|Aby                  pa|Lincoln   |Alford       2|Louth           9|
+    46|Acaster Malbis       pa|W.R. York |York         4|Selby           8|
+    46|Acaster Selby        to|W.R. York |  ...        5| ...            7|
+    22|Accrington, New      to|Lancaster |Blackburn    4|Haslingden      5|
+    22|Accrington, Old    chap|Lancaster |  ...        6| ...            4|
+    30|Achurch              pa|Northam   |Thrapston    4|Oundle          4|
+    43|Acklam               pa|N.R. York |New Malton   6|Gt. Driffield  15|
+    44|Acklam             chap|N.R. York |Yarm         5|Stockton        3|
+    28|Acklington           to|Northum   |Alnwick      8|Morpeth        13|
+    45|Ackton               to|W.R. York |Pontefract   3|Wakefield       5|
+    45|Ackworth[A]          pa|W.R. York |  ...        3| ...            7|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----------+
+    37|Abinger              pa|Ockley                  5|    2|        767|
+    15|Abinghall            pa|Monmouth               12|  118|        235|
+    28|Abington             pa|Moulton                 3|   67|        155|
+     6|Abington, Gt. & Lit. pa|Newmarket              12|   50|        594|
+     6|Abington in the Clay pa|Cambridge              15|   42|        259|
+    23|Ab Kettleby          pa|Loughboro              13|  108|        331|
+    15|Ablington            ti|Northleach              7|   85|        103|
+    10|Abney               ham|Chapel-Frith            8|  164|        112|
+    49|Above Sawdde        ham|Llandilo Var            8|  195|        803|
+    22|Above Town          div|KirkbyLons             15|  240|        591|
+    22|Abram                to|Chorley                11|  197|        511|
+    15|Abson with Wick    chap|Marshfield              4|  107|        824|
+    21|Abthorp            chap|Banbury                15|   63|        477|
+    54|Aburthin             pa|Cowbridge               1|  173|        ...|
+    24|Aby                  pa|Horncastle             12|  142|        204|
+    46|Acaster Malbis       pa|Tadcaster               8|  190|        707|
+    46|Acaster Selby        to| ...                    8|  190|        201|
+    22|Accrington, New      to|Burnley                 8|  208|       4960|
+    22|Accrington, Old    chap| ...                    6|  208|       1323|
+    30|Achurch              pa|Kettering              12|   73|        239|
+    43|Acklam               pa|York                   14|  210|        827|
+    44|Acklam             chap|Guisboro                9|  244|        371|
+    28|Acklington           to|Rothbury               13|  300|        285|
+    45|Ackton               to|Leeds                   9|  174|         51|
+    45|Ackworth[A]          pa| ...                   11|  174|       1660|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----------+
+
+
+[A] ACKWORTH is a parish and township, in the upper division of Osgold
+Cross Wapentake, nominally divided into higher and lower Ackworth. It is
+celebrated for its Quakers' School, which was purchased in 1777, with
+eighty-five acres of land, from the trustees of the Foundling Hospital,
+and rendered a seminary for the children of the more humble class of
+Friends. The number of pupils, is one hundred and eighty boys, and one
+hundred and twenty girls.
+
+[Sidenote: Quakers' school.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.       | County   |      Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+    27|Acle[A]       m. t. & pa|Norfolk   |Norwich    11|Yarmouth      9|
+    45|Acomb                 pa|W.R. York |York        2|Wetherby     10|
+    29|Acomb East            to|Northumb  |Corbridge  15|Aldston Moor  9|
+    29|Acomb West            to|Northumb  |  ...       5|             18|
+    17|Aconbury[B]         chap|Hereford  |Hereford    4|Ross          9|
+    21|Acrise                pa|Kent      |Folkstone   4|Dover         8|
+    7 |Acton            to & pa|Chester   |Nantwich    2|Tarporley     9|
+    7 |Acton                 to|Chester   |Northwich   4|Frodsham      7|
+    52|Acton                 to|Denbigh   |Wrexham     1|Holt          5|
+    25|Acton                 pa|Middlesex |Harrow      8|Brentford     3|
+    29|Acton                 to|Northumb  |Alnwick     8|Rothbury      8|
+    36|Acton                 pa|Suffolk   |Lavenham    3|Sudbury       3|
+    42|Acton Beauchamp       pa|Worcester |Bromyard    4|Worcester    11|
+    33|Acton Burnell[C] to & pa|Salop     |Wenlock     7|Shrewsbury    7|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                        |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.       | Number of Miles From   |Lond. |Population
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+------+
+    27|Acle[A]       m. t. & pa|Loddon                 8|   121|   820|
+    45|Acomb                 pa|New Malton            20|   201|   882|
+    29|Acomb East            to|Hexham                11|   275|    36|
+    29|Acomb West            to|  ...                  3|   275|   523|
+    17|Aconbury[B]         chap|Ledbury               14|   130|   163|
+    21|Acrise                pa|Canterbury            11|    67|   194|
+    7 |Acton            to & pa|Middlewich            11|   166|  3928|
+    7 |Acton                 to|Chester               15|   177|   309|
+    52|Acton                 to|  ...                  9|   190|   215|
+    25|Acton                 pa|Uxbridge              10|     5|  2453|
+    29|Acton                 to|Morpeth               10|   300|    91|
+    36|Acton                 pa|Bildeston              8|    57|   565|
+    42|Acton Beauchamp       pa|Ledbury               10|   122|   239|
+    33|ACTON Burnell[C] to & pa|Ch. Stretton           7|   155|   381|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ACLE. _Market_, Thursday.--_Fair_, Wednesday before Michaelmas day.
+
+
+[B] ACONBURY. At this place a nunnery of the order of St. Augustine was
+founded by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacey, in the reign of King John.
+The Cliffords were large benefactors to this house, which, at the
+dissolution, possessed _£75. 7s. 6d._ per annum. There are some remains
+yet standing, occupied as a farm house. On the summit of Aconbury Hill,
+a bold and extensive eminence, well wooded, and commanding a charming
+view over the adjacent county, are traces of a large encampment.
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery.]
+
+
+[C] ACTON BURNELL is celebrated for the remains of an ancient castle,
+founded by Robert Burnell, bishop of Bath and Wells, a man of eminent
+abilities, first treasurer, and afterwards chancellor of England, who
+was much employed by King Edward I. in Welsh affairs. He died at
+Berwick, in 1292, and was buried in the cathedral at Wells. The castle
+is a quadrangular building, with a square tower at each corner. The hall
+in which King Edward I. held his parliament, in 1283, was 183 feet long,
+by 41 broad, but the gable ends only remain. The Statutum de
+Mercatoribus enacted here, is from that circumstance better known as the
+Statute of Acton Burnell. The successor of the bishop, at the castle,
+was Sir Edward Burnell, son of Philip Burnell and Maud, daughter of
+Richard Arundel. He served in many actions in Scotland, under Edward I.,
+and always appeared in great splendour, attended by a chariot decked
+with banners of his arms. He was summoned to parliament from the fifth
+to the eighth year of Edward the second's reign, and died in 1315. In
+1346, the castle came into the possession of Nicholas Lord Burnell, who
+died in 1382, and is buried in the church under an altar tomb, inlaid
+with his effigy in brass. In the reign of Henry VI. the Lovell family
+were in possession of this estate, which was forfeited by Lord Lovell,
+in consequence of his adherence to King Richard III. Henry VII. being
+seated on the throne, granted Acton Burnell, together with other estates
+in this county, to Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford; after whose death it
+reverted to the crown, and Henry VIII. granted it to Thomas Howard, Earl
+of Surrey, distinguished for his valour at the battle of Flodden. Sir
+Humphrey Lee, of Langley, in this parish, was created a baronet, May 3,
+1620. Acton Burnell Park is now the residence of Sir Edward Joseph
+Smythe, Bart. whose family have been seated here from the time of
+Charles II., when Sir Edward Smythe, of Esh, in Durham, created a
+baronet, Feb. 23, 1660, married the daughter and heiress of Sir Richard
+Lee, Bart. of Langley. The mansion, on a verdant lawn, bordered by a
+shrubbery, presents a handsome elevation of fine white stone, having a
+noble Ionic portico, under which is the carriage entrance. Behind the
+house is the deer park, on a finely wooded eminence, affording one of
+the most beautiful prospects in the county. The chapelry of Ruckley and
+Langley is in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward I. held his parliament here in 1283.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Burnell's effigy in brass on the altar tomb.]
+
+[Sidenote: The seat of Sir E.J. Smythe.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.      | County   |         Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+     7|Acton Grange         to|Chester   |Warrington   4|Northwich    10|
+    15|Acton Iron           pa|Gloucester|Chip. Sodbu  2|Thornbury     7|
+    33|Acton Pigott       chap|Salop     |Much Wenlo   6|Shrewsbury    8|
+    33|Acton Reynold        to|Salop     |Shrewsbury   8|Wem           6|
+    33|Acton Round        chap|Salop     |Wenlock      3|Bridgenorth   6|
+    33|Acton Scott          pa|Salop     |Ch. Stretton 4|Bish. Castle 10|
+    35|Acton Trussell  to & pa|Stafford  |Penkridge    3|Stafford      4|
+    15|Acton Turville     chap|Gloucester|Tetbury     11|Chippenham   12|
+    35|Adbaston             pa|Stafford  |Eccleshall  14|Newport       5|
+    31|Adderbury East  to & pa|Oxford    |Banbury      3|Deddington    3|
+    33|Adderley             pa|Salop     |Drayton      4|Whitchurch    8|
+    29|Adderston            to|Northumb  |Beiford      3|Alnwick      12|
+    17|Adforton             to|Hereford  |Ludlow       8|Presteign     8|
+     9|Addingham            pa|Cumberland|Kirk Oswald  2|Penrith       8|
+    45|Addingham            pa|W.R. York |Skipton      5|Ottley        8|
+    37|Addington[A]         pa|Surrey    |Croydon      4|Westerham    10|
+     5|Addington            pa|Bucks     |Winslow      2|Buckingham    5|
+    21|Addington            pa|Kent      |Maidstone    7|Rochester     8|
+    28|Addington, Gt   to & pa|Northamp  |Thrapston    4|Kettering     7|
+    28|Addington, Lit  to & pa|Northamp  |   ...       5|   ...        8|
+    21|Addisham             pa|Kent      |Wingham      3|Canterbury    6|
+    45|Addle[B]        to & pa|W.R. York |Leeds        5|Ottley        6|
+    46|Addle-cum-Eccup      to|W.R. York |             5|   ...        6|
+    45|Addlingfleet[C]      pa|W.R. York |Snaith      11|Burton        2|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                        |Dist.
+   Map| Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+     7|Acton Grange         to|Runcorn                 5|  183|      148|
+    15|Acton Iron           pa|Bristol                 9|  112|     1372|
+    33|Acton Pigott       chap|Ch. Stretton            9|  154|     ... |
+    33|Acton Reynold        to|Drayton                12|  152|      173|
+    33|Acton Round        chap|Ludlow                 17|  145|      203|
+    33|Acton Scott          pa|Ludlow                 10|  155|      204|
+    35|Acton Trussell  to & pa|Lichfield              15|  131|      551|
+    31|Acton Turville     chap|Sodbury                 5|  102|      236|
+    35|Adbaston             pa|Hodnet                  7|  152|      601|
+    31|Adderbury East  to & pa|Aynhoe                  4|   70|     2471|
+    33|Adderley             pa|Wem                    12|  157|      468|
+    29|Adderston            to|Wooler                 10|  319|      322|
+    17|Adforton             to|Knighton                8|  150|      218|
+     9|Addingham            pa|Aldstn Moor            12|  291|      719|
+    45|Addingham            pa|Keighley                5|  213|     2251|
+    37|Addington[A]         pa|Bromley                 5|   12|      463|
+     5|Addington            pa|Bicester               11|   50|       74|
+    21|Addington            pa|Wrotham                 3|   27|      206|
+    28|Addington, Gt   to & pa|Higam Ferrers           5|   70|      282|
+    28|Addington, Lit  to & pa|    ...                 5|   70|      264|
+    21|Addisham             pa|Sandwich                6|   62|      390|
+    45|Addle[B]        to & pa|Bradford                8|  205|     1063|
+    46|Addle-cum-Eccup      to| ...                    8|  291|      703|
+    45|Addlingfleet[C]      pa||Howden                 6|  170|      478|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ADDINGTON is on the borders of Kent. Addington Place, a seat erected
+by Alderman Trecothick, in 1772, was purchased in 1807, for the
+residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The manor of Addington is
+held by the feudal service of finding a man to make a mess, called
+Gerout, in the king's kitchen, at the coronation, and serving it up in
+his own person at Westminster Hall. In the reign of William the
+Conqueror, Addington appears to have been held by Tezelin, cook to the
+king, which accounts for the origin of the required culinary service.
+The Archbishop of Canterbury is now the claimant of the service alluded
+to. Near the village is a curious cluster of tumuli, or mounds of earth
+raised over the bodies of the slain, about twenty-five in number, of
+inconsiderable height. One of them is nearly forty feet in diameter, two
+are about half that size, and the rest very small.
+
+[Sidenote: Coronation custom.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cluster of tumuli.]
+
+
+[B] ADDLE. The church in this town is considered to be one of the most
+perfect specimens of Roman architecture remaining in England. In 1702,
+the traces of an ancient Roman town, with fragments of urns, and of an
+aqueduct of stone were found in the adjacent moor.
+
+[Sidenote: Roman architecture.]
+
+
+[C] ADDLINGFLEET. A parish and township in the lower division of Osgold
+Cross, including the townships of Fockerby, Haldenby, and Eastoft. The
+village is situated very near the junction of the Trent with the Humber,
+the latter river being one of the largest in the kingdom, formed by the
+united waters of the Trent, Ouse, Derwent, Aire, and other minor
+streams. At this part it is about a mile broad, it is the Abus of
+Ptolemy. It runs towards the east, washing the port of Hull, where it
+receives the river called by the same name; from thence, taking a
+south-easterly direction, it expands itself into an estuary nearly seven
+miles across, and mingles with the German ocean. This river, which, with
+very few exceptions, receives all the waters of Yorkshire from the Ouse,
+and the greater part of those from the midland counties from the Trent,
+commands the inland navigation of very extensive and commercial parts of
+England; namely, those of the Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Severn, Thames, and
+Avon; it also forms the boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
+
+[Sidenote: Boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  | County   | Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+     7|Adlington        to|Cheshire  |Macclesfield 6|Stockport   6|
+    22|Adlington[A]     to|Lancaster |Wigan        4|Chorley     4|
+    24|Addlethorpe to & pa|Lincoln   |Alford       7|Spilsby    11|
+    15|Adlestrop        pa|Gloucester|Stow         4|Burford    11|
+    22|Admarsh        chap|Lancaster |Burton      11|Kirkby Lon 15|
+     5|Adstock          pa|Bucks     |Winslow      3|Buckingham  4|
+    28|Adstone         ham|Northamp  |Towcester    7|Daventry    8|
+     8|Advent         chap|Cornwall  |Camelford    2|Bodmin     10|
+    45|Adwalton[B]     ham|W.R. York |Bradford     4|Leeds       7|
+    31|Adwell           pa|Oxford    |Tetsworth    2|Thame       5|
+    45|Adwick-on-Dearne ch|W.R. York |Rotherham    6|Barnsley    8|
+    45|Adwick      pa & to|W.R. York |Doncaster    4|Thorne     10|
+    12|Aff-Piddle       pa|Dorset    |Dorchester   9|Bere Regis  4|
+     7|Agden            to|Chester   |Malpas       3|Whitchurch  3|
+     7|Agden            to|Chester   |Knutsford    6|Warrington 10|
+    43|Agelthorpe       to|N.R. York |Middleham    3|Bedale      6|
+     8|Agnes, St[C]    cha|Cornwall  |Truro        9|Redruth     7|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From     |Lond. |Population
+   +--+-------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+     7|Adlington        to|Altringham             10|     2|  1066|
+    22|Adlington[A]     to|Bolton                  9|   264|  1082|
+    24|Addlethorpe to & pa|Wainfleet               9|   134|   176|
+    15|Adlestrop        pa|Moreton                 6|    86|   196|
+    22|Admarsh        chap|Garstang               12|   240|  ... |
+     5|Adstock          pa|Bicester               11|    52|   445|
+    28|Adstone         ham|Brackley               10|    67|   166|
+     8|Advent         chap|Launceston             15|   230|   246|
+    45|Adwalton[B]     ham|Huddersfield            8|   192|  ... |
+    31|Adwell           pa|Watlington              4|    41|    48|
+    45|Adwick-on-Dearne ch|Doncaster               7|   167|   145|
+    45|Adwick      pa & to|Pontefract              9|   166|   918|
+    12|Aff-Piddle       pa|Blandford              12|   111|   442|
+     7|Agden            to|Nantwich               11|   177|   104|
+     7|Agden            to|Altringham              1|   179|    99|
+    43|Agelthorpe       to|Masham                  4|   226|   188|
+     8|Agnes, St[C]    cha|Falmouth               14|   256|  6642|
+   +--+-------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ADLINGTON. Through this township runs the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
+It contains several coal mines. Adlington Hall, the seat of Sir Robert
+Clayton, Bart., was rebuilt about 1780; it stands in a low situation, on
+the borders of an extensive park, and contains some very good pictures,
+amongst which is a head of Charles I., taken after death. Ellerbeck Hall
+is the seat of John Hodson, Esq. In this neighbourhood is Park Hall, the
+seat of R.P. German, Esq. The inhabitants of Adlington are chiefly
+employed in the cotton manufactories of the vicinity.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Sir. Robert Clayton, Bart.]
+
+
+[B] ADWALTON formerly possessed a market which is now disused. On
+Adwalton Moor, a battle was fought, in 1642, between the Earl of
+Newcastle, commanding for the king, and the parliamentary general, Lord
+Fairfax, in which the latter was defeated.
+
+   _Fairs_, February 6, March 9, Easter Thursday, Thursday fortnight
+   after Easter, Whit-Thursday; and every second Thursday thence to
+   Michaelmas, for lean cattle; November 5, and December 23.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle fought here in 1642.]
+
+
+[C] St. AGNES is situated on the Bristol Channel. The town and parish,
+including a considerable mining district, is thickly strewed with the
+cottages of the miners. It is more frequently called Lighthouse Island,
+from a very high and strong light-house erected here, to warn the
+mariner from the rocks, which are more numerous about this than any
+other of the Scilly Islands. This building is upwards of sixty feet
+high, and stands on the most elevated ground. The light is produced by
+twenty-one parabolic reflectors of copper, plated with silver, and
+having each an argand lamp in its focus. The reflectors are disposed of
+in three clusters, of seven in each cluster, and the frame in which they
+are fixed stands perpendicularly to the horizon, on a shaft united to a
+machine below, which makes the whole revolve every two minutes. By this
+motion the light progressively sweeps the whole horizon; and by its
+gradual intermission and increase, it is readily distinguished from any
+other. Its brilliancy is also extraordinary; and by these combined
+efforts its benefits are greatly increased, as the seaman is at once
+rendered completely sensible of his situation. This light was designed
+by the ingenious Mr. Adam Walker, (lecturer on natural and experimental
+philosophy,) under whose inspection it was constructed. The light-house
+itself is of stone, and was erected, as appears from an inscription over
+the door, by Captain Hugh Till, and Captain Simon Bayley, in the year
+1680. The charges attending the light are defrayed by the Trinity House.
+At St. Agnes is a pilchard fishery. St. Agnes' Beacon, six hundred and
+sixty-four feet above the level of the sea, is formed out of an ancient
+cairn, or tumulus of stones; near which, a summer-house has been built,
+from whence is a fine view of St. Ives, and an extensive sea prospect.
+Near the same spot is St. Agnes' Well, of which many miraculous stories
+are in circulation, from its presumed holy and sanative properties.
+
+This place gave birth to John Opie, whose persevering genius advanced
+him to the highest rank in his profession. He was born at Harmony Cot,
+in May 1761. The opening years of his existence indicated that he must
+plod through life in the dull occupation of a carpenter, as successor to
+his father and grandfather. He distinguished himself at a very early
+period, for originality and strength of mind, and at twelve years of age
+commenced an evening school in St. Agnes, teaching arithmetic and
+writing, and reckoning amongst his scholars some who had nearly doubled
+his years. His first humble attempts at portrait painting were with a
+smutty stick, against the white-washed wall of his paternal cottage,
+where he exhibited, in _dark colours_, very striking likenesses of the
+whole family. His next step was to draw with ochre on cartridge paper.
+He was apprenticed to his father, but from some unascertainable cause
+was turned over to a sawyer; and it was literally in the bottom of a
+saw-pit that Dr. Walcot, better known by the appellation of Peter
+Pindar, (who had previously seen and admired some of Opie's rude
+drawings,) first beheld this untutored child of genius, under whose
+patronage he was protected, and his fame promoted. After visiting
+Exeter, (where he was persuaded to change his surname, which originally
+was Hoppy, to that of Opie,) finding his success was commensurate with
+his abilities, it was soon determined they should be brought to act in a
+wider sphere; and, in 1780, the Doctor and his pupil repaired to London,
+where not agreeing as to the mode of living together, they separated,
+and although their attachment had been cemented by long-continued
+kindness, subsequently to this period, yet they were never after
+cordially united. The opinion Opie entertained of the services which he
+had received from the Doctor, may be gathered from the following curious
+_note of hand_, which was said to be in the possession of the latter: "I
+promise to paint, for Dr. Walcot, any picture or pictures, he may
+demand, as long as I live; otherwise, I desire the world will consider
+me as a ... ungrateful son of a ..., John Opie." It is not certain that
+he ever deviated from this voluntary obligation, but it is matter of
+pleasant remark, that he always made his friend pay eighteen-pence for
+the canvass! Opie was as fortunate in London as he had been at Exeter.
+To Pindar, however, he was indebted for his introduction to public
+notice. Through him his pictures were shown to Mrs. Boscawen, by whom
+Opie was introduced to the late Mrs. Delaney, who procured for him the
+notice of King George III. An opportunity was contrived for the royal
+family to see his picture of the _The Old Beggar Man_; soon after which,
+Opie was honoured with a command to repair to Buckingham House. The
+artist's account of this interview was given in the following
+characteristical manner to Walcot, who has often been heard to relate it
+with great humour. "There was Mr. West," said Opie, "in the room, and
+another gentleman. First, her majesty came in; and I made a sad mistake
+in respect to her, till I saw her face, and discovered by her features
+that she was the queen. In a few minutes his majesty came hopping in. I
+suppose," said Opie, "because he did not wish to frighten me. He looked
+at the pictures and liked them; but he whispered to Mr. West--'tell the
+young man I can only pay a gentleman's price for them.'" The picture
+which his majesty bought was that of _A Man Struck by Lightning_. The
+price given was £10, with which Opie returned to the Doctor full of
+spirits. His friend, when he heard the story, said, "Why, John, thou
+hast only got £8. for thy picture." "Indeed, but I have though," cried
+Opie, "for I have got the £10. safe in my pocket." On this he showed him
+the money. "Aye," rejoined the Doctor, "but dost thou know his majesty
+has got the frame for nothing, and that is worth £2." "D--- it, so he
+has," cried Opie--"I'll go back and knock at the door, and ask for the
+frame; D--- it, I will." He was actually about to put his resolve into
+execution, till dissuaded by the Doctor. Popularity naturally followed
+this notice of royalty. The ladies, however, soon deserted him, as his
+likenesses were not flattering; for where Nature had been niggardly,
+Opie refused to be liberal. He afterwards became better acquainted with
+the art of pleasing them; a change which has been attributed to Mrs.
+Opie, who used to stand over him, and endeavour to make him sensible of
+the graces of the female form. It was in the year 1786, that Mr. Opie
+became known as an exhibitor at Somerset House; soon after which he
+aspired to academical honours, and ultimately attained the rank of Royal
+Academician, and afterwards succeeded Fuseli, in the professorship of
+painting. He was twice married, but at what period his first hymeneal
+union occurred we are not informed--it was inauspicious. His second
+marriage, which took place on May 8, 1798, was more fortunate; and in
+the society of the late Mrs. Opie, the amiable author of many beautiful
+and interesting literary compositions, he enjoyed a delightful relief
+from the toilsome duties of his profession. Mr. Opie was in the daily
+acquisition of wealth and fame, and rapidly advancing to the very zenith
+of popularity, when his mortal career was suddenly closed by death, on
+Thursday, April 9, 1807, in the forty-sixth year of his age. "As a
+portrait painter he has great claims to praise, particularly in his men,
+which are firm, bold, and freely delineated, and occasionally well
+coloured. His women are heavy, inelegant, and chiefly accompanied with a
+hardness that destroys all beauty."
+
+[Sidenote: Very high and strong light-house.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Agnes' beacon.]
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of John Opie, the painter.]
+
+[Sidenote: First attempts at portrait painting.]
+
+[Sidenote: Genius fostered by Dr. Walcot.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdotes of Opie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Introduction to the King.]
+
+[Sidenote: Opie's relation of his interview with royalty.]
+
+[Sidenote: Royal economy.]
+
+[Sidenote: First known as an exhibitor at Somerset House, 1786.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in 1807.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |   County.  |       Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+------------------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
+     9|Aglionby              to|Cumberland  |Carlisle    3|Brampton      6|
+    22|Aighton               to|Lancaster   |Clitheroe   6|Blackburn     7|
+    43|Aikber                to|N.R. York   |Middleham   5|Richmond      6|
+    46|Aike                  to|E.R. York   |Beverley    6|M. Weighton   9|
+     9|Aikton           to & pa|Cumberland  |Wigton      4|Carlisle      9|
+    24|Ailsby                pa|Lincolnshire|Gt. Grimsby 4|Caistor       9|
+    28|Ailsworth            ham|Northamp    |Peterboro   4|M. Deeping    9|
+    43|Ainderby Myers        to|N.R. York   |Catterick   3|Richmond      4|
+    43|Ainderby Quernhow     to|N.R. York   |Thirsk      6|Northallerton 8|
+    43|Ainderby Steeple to & pa|N.R. York   |Bedale      5|              2|
+     9|Ainstable             pa|Cumberland  |Penrith    11|Carlisle     11|
+    46|Ainstie              dis|W.R. York   |             |               |
+    43|Aiskew                to|N.R. York   |Bedale      1|Northallerton 6|
+    44|Aismondersly            |W.R. York   |Ripon       1|Aldborough    5|
+    22|Ainsworth             to|Lancaster   |Manchester  7|Bury          3|
+     9|Ainthorn              to|Cumberland  |Wigton     10|Carlisle     12|
+    22|Aintree               to|Lancaster   |Liverpool   6|Ormskirk      8|
+    44|Airton                to|W.R. York   |Settle      6|Skipton       6|
+    43|Airyholme             to|N.R. York   |New Malton  7|York         16|
+    43|Aisenby               to|N.R. York   |Borobridge  6|Ripon         6|
+    43|Aislaby          to & pa|N.R. York   |Whitby      2|Scarboro     18|
+    13|Aislaby               to|Durham      |Stockton    4|Darlington   11|
+    24|Aisthorpe        to & pa|Lincoln     |Lincoln     7|Gainsboro    12|
+    29|Akeld                 to|Northumb    |Wooler      2|Coldstream    9|
+     5|Akeley           to & pa|Bucks       |Brackley    9|Buckingham    3|
+    36|Akenham               pa|Suffolk     |Ipswich     4|Woodbridge    9|
+    18|Albans, St[A]    bo & to|Herts       |Watford     8|Dunstable    12|
+   +--+------------------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                          |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From      |Lond.|Population
+   +--+-----------------------+---------------------------+-----+---------+
+     9|Aglionby              to|Penrith                 18|  302|      107|
+    22|Aighton               to|Preston                 12|  210|     1980|
+    43|Aikber                to|Bedale                   4|  234|       43|
+    46|Aike                  to|Gt. Driffield            7|  190|       86|
+     9|Aikton           to & pa|Abbey-holm               7|  309|      753|
+    24|Ailsby                pa|Barton                  15|  165|         |
+    28|Ailsworth            ham|Stamford                 9|   83|      289|
+    43|Ainderby Myers        to|Middleham                7|  222|         |
+    43|Ainderby Quernhow     to|Ripon                    7|  217|      107|
+    43|Ainderby Steeple to & pa|Darlington              12|  223|      802|
+     9|Ainstable             pa|Kirk Oswald              5|  295|         |
+    46|Ainstie              dis|   ...                    |  199|     8740|
+    43|Aiskew                to|Richmond                 9|  223|      586|
+    44|Aismondersly            |Masham                   7|  212|         |
+    22|Ainsworth             to|Bolton                   8|  189|     1584|
+     9|Ainthorn              to|Gretna Green             8|  315|      203|
+    22|Aintree               to|Prescott                10|  212|      247|
+    44|Airton                to|Arnecliff                7|  230|      179|
+    43|Airyholme             to|Helmsley                 6|  223|         |
+    43|Aiseny                to|Thirsk                   5|  211|         |
+    43|Aislaby          to & pa|Pickering               15|  237|      402|
+    43|Aislaby               to|Yarm                     1|  244|      143|
+    24|Aisthorpe        to & pa|Kirton                  12|  140|       89|
+    29|Akeld                 to|Kirk Newton              3|  322|      171|
+     5|Akeley           to & pa|Sto. Stratford           6|   59|      291|
+    36|Akenham               pa|Needham                  7|   73|      119|
+    18|Albans, St[A]    bo & to|Hatfield                 6|   21|     4772|
+   +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] St. ALBANS is situated on the river Ver, or Muss, and consists of
+three parishes; parts of two of which, extend beyond the limits of the
+borough. It is said to have been the site of the ancient British
+metropolis of Cassibelanus, and is very near that of the ancient Roman
+Verulam, mentioned by Tacitus, being the same as the Saxon
+Watlingceaster, so called because seated on the road called
+Watling-street. It was here that Queen Boadicea made her celebrated
+assault on the Romans, and failed, after an immense slaughter of seventy
+thousand men. In 795, Offa, king of Mercia, erected an abbey here, in
+memory of St. Alban, the British protomartyr, who was born here in the
+third century. He served in the Roman army, but was converted to
+Christianity by a monk, named Amphilabus, and suffered during the
+Dioclesian persecution, A.D. 303. The abbey subsequently obtained great
+privileges, and became very rich, the revenues at the dissolution
+amounting to upwards of £2500. per annum. Monastic foundations had their
+origin in this country, about the time of St. Augustine, who came from
+Rome, to convert the Pagan Saxons to Christianity; and when Offa
+ascended the throne of Mercia, about twenty great monasteries had been
+founded in England, and about the same number of episcopal sees
+established. Offa's zeal prompted him to do what many of his crowned
+predecessors had done; but being undetermined whom to select as the
+patron saint of his establishment, it is recorded that, while at the
+city of Bath, an angel appeared to him in the silence of the night,
+desiring him to raise out of the earth the body of Alban, the first
+British martyr, and place his remains in a suitable shrine. Even the
+memory of Alban had been lost for three hundred and forty years; but the
+king assembling his clergy and people at Verulam, an active search was
+made for his body with prayer, fasting, and alms; when it is said a ray
+of light was seen by all to stand over the place of burial, similar to
+the star that conducted the magi to Bethlehem. The ground was therefore
+opened, and, in the presence of the king, the body of Alban was found.
+Offa is said to have placed a golden circle round the head of the
+deceased, with an inscription, to signify his name and title, and
+immediately caused the remains of the saint to be conveyed to a small
+chapel, without the walls of Verulam, as the town was then called, until
+a more noble edifice could be raised for its reception. This is said to
+have occurred on the 1st day of August, 791, four hundred and
+ninety-four years after the martyrdom of Alban. Offa afterwards made a
+journey to Rome, and obtained the desired privileges of his intended
+foundation, with great commendations for his zeal and piety, from the
+pope, when he undertook to build a stately church and monastery, to the
+memory of St. Alban. From this abbey the town originated, which early
+obtained considerable importance. The abbey church, which claims
+particular attention for its size, beauty, and antiquity, is constructed
+of Roman brick, to which age has given the appearance of stone. A stone
+screen, erected before the communion table, in 1461, is much admired for
+the richness and lightness of its sculpture. The tombs of the founder,
+Offa, and that of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, are shown here; and, not
+many years ago, the leaden coffin, containing the body of the latter,
+was opened, and the corpse found nearly entire. The Roman antiquities
+discovered on the site have been very numerous. The effect of the
+venerable abbey, when seen from a distance, is extremely imposing;
+situated upon an eminence, its massive towers rise majestically above
+the houses of the ancient town, which is well, known to have derived its
+first importance from the Romans, since which, it has increased chiefly
+under the protecting influence of successive abbots of this rich and
+powerful monastery. The prospect of its mouldering ruins, forces upon
+the mind a melancholy train of reflection on the instability of all
+human institutions.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, March 25 and 26; October 10 and 11, for
+   horses, cows, sheep, and hiring servants.--_Inns_, Angel, and White
+   Hart.--_Mail_ arrives 10.15 P.M. Departs 4.30 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Originally the British metropolis.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Offa's extraordinary vision, which induced him to build
+the abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Alban's body found after a lapse of 494 years; a golden
+circle placed round his head.]
+
+[Sidenote: Duke of Gloucester's body found nearly entire.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |County.|Number of Miles From            |
+   +--+--------------------+-------+---------------+----------------+
+    38|Albourn           pa|Sussex |Hurst         2|Brighton       8|
+    33|Albrighton to & chap|Salop  |Shrewsbury    4|Wem            7|
+    33|Albrighton        pa|Salop  |Shiffnall     6|Bridgnorth    10|
+    27|Alburgh           pa|Norfolk|Harleston     3|Bungay         5|
+    31|Albury            pa|Oxford |Tetsworth     3|Thame          4|
+   +--+--------------------+-------+---------------+----------------+
+                                                   |Dist. |
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From   |Lond. |Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+------+---------+
+    38|Albourn           pa|Cuckfield             6|    42|      362|
+    33|Albrighton to & chap|Ellesmere            12|   157|     1054|
+    33|Albrighton        pa|Wolverhamp            7|   137|       98|
+    27|Alburgh           pa|Norwich              16|   103|      586|
+    31|Albury            pa|Wheatley              3|    45|      239|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+------+---------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County. |  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+---------------------+---------+----------------+------------+
+   18 |Albury             pa|Herts    |Bp Stortford   5|Standon    4|
+   37 |Albury             pa|Surrey   |Guildford      6|Dorking    7|
+   27 |Alby               pa|Norfolk  |Aylesham       6|Cromer     5|
+   12 |Alcester          lib|Dorset   |Shaftesbury    1|Sherborne 16|
+   39 |Alcester[A] m.t. & pa|Warwick  |Warwick       16|Stratford  8|
+   38 |Alciston           pa|Sussex   |Seaford        5|Hailsham   5|
+   19 |Alconbury          pa|Hunts    |Huntingdon     4|Kimbolton  8|
+   19 |Alconbury Weston chap|Hunts    |  ...          5|  ...      8|
+   27 |Aldborough         pa|Norfolk  |Aylesham       5|Cromer     6|
+   43 |Aldborough         to|N.R. York|Richmond       7|Darlington 5|
+   46 |Aldborough    to & pa|E.R. York|Hull          11|Hornsea    6|
+   45 |Aldborough[B] pa & to|W.R. York|York          18|Thirsk    10|
+   41 |Aldbourn[C]   to & pa|Wilts    |Marlboro       7|Ramsbury   3|
+   18 |Aldbury            pa|Herts    |Tring          3|Dunstable  7|
+   22 |Aldcliffe         ham|Lancaster|Lancaster      2|Garstang  10|
+   36 |Aldeburgh[D]     m.t.|Suffolk  |Orford         5|Saxmundha  7|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+----------------+------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+   18 |Albury             pa|Buntingford              7|   35|   631|
+   37 |Albury             pa|Godalming                7|   29|   929|
+   27 |Alby               pa|N. Walsham               6|   26|   346|
+   12 |Alcester          lib|Salisbury               20|  101|   227|
+   39 |Alcester[A] m.t. & pa|Bromsgrove              12|  103|  2405|
+   38 |Alciston           pa|Lewes                    7|   64|   266|
+   19 |Alconbury          pa|Stilton                  9|   63|   765|
+   19 |Alconbury Weston chap| ...                     8|   63|   441|
+   27 |Aldborough         pa|Holt                     9|  126|   275|
+   43 |Aldborough         to|Bernard Cas             10|  240|   522|
+   46 |Aldborough    to & pa|Hedon                    6|  185|   620|
+   45 |Aldborough[B] pa & to|Ripon                    6|  207|  2447|
+   41 |Aldbourn[C]   to & pa|Swindon                  8|   73|  1418|
+   18 |Aldbury            pa|Berkhampst               4|   34|   695|
+   22 |Aldcliffe         ham|Kirk. Londs             17|  238|    96|
+   36 |Aldeburgh[D]     m.t.|Dunwich                 10|   94|  1341|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ALCESTER is situated at the confluence of the two small rivers, Alne
+and Arrow, having a bridge over each. It is supposed to have been a
+Roman station; Roman coins, urns, and similar relics, having been
+frequently found here. The Roman way of Icknield Street also passed
+through it, and from its situation it is deemed the Alana of Richard of
+Cirencester. It was anciently a borough by prescription, and of some
+note in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when it became the
+property of the Beauchamps, and afterwards of the Grevilles. The church
+is a fine gothic structure; the market is well supplied with corn; and
+the manufacture of needles is very extensive. Here is a Free School,
+founded by Walter Newport, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and various
+alms-houses and small charities, originating in different benefactors.
+Traces of the site of an abbey, founded in the reign of King Stephen, to
+the north of the town, are still visible.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M., departs 8-1/2
+   P.M.--_Inn_, Angel.--_Fairs_, March 20, June 23, Tuesday before April
+   5, May 18, 2nd Tuesday in July, for cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: A Roman station.]
+
+[Sidenote: Many relics of antiquity found.]
+
+[Sidenote: Traces of an abbey founded by King Stephen.]
+
+
+
+[B] ALDBOROUGH. _Fair_, September 4.
+
+
+[C] ALDBOURN. _Market_, Tuesday.
+
+
+[D] ALDEBURGH is pleasantly situated in the valley of Slaughton, and
+bounded on the eastern side by the sea, which has made considerable
+encroachments, and nearly washed a street away. The river Ald runs on
+the south side, and forms a convenient quay. The town is mean in
+construction, and chiefly inhabited by fishermen and seafaring people.
+Soles, lobsters, and other fish are abundant. It is remarkable as the
+birth-place of the late Rev. George Crabbe, emphatically styled the
+_Poet of the Poor_, who was born December 24, 1754. His father was an
+officer in the Customs, and at first gave him an education, merely
+suitable to follow the same pursuit; but when his prospects brightened,
+he removed his son to a classical seminary, where he was instructed for
+a surgeon and apothecary, to which profession he was in due time
+apprenticed, but relinquished all views of establishing himself in
+practice. At a very early period he became a versifier; and among his
+precocious attempts was a prize poem, on _Hope_, which was inserted in
+the _Lady's Magazine_, then published by Mr. Wheeble. Crabbe came to
+London, in 1778, with £3. in his pocket, and made versification his
+chief study. His first published work was _The Candidate_, a poem, in
+quarto, which came into the world anonymously, in 1780, and was
+favourably received. A short time afterwards, his poverty and poetry
+induced him to seek the patronage of Edmund Burke, to whom he submitted
+a large quantity of miscellaneous composition; he had no introduction to
+Mr. Burke, excepting his own letter, stating his circumstances; no
+recommendation but his distress, and yet his application was attended
+with success. His patron introduced him to some of the first men in the
+country, and soon after became the means of benefiting his fame and
+fortune; he selected from young Crabbe's works, _The Library_ and _The
+Village_, suggesting at the same time certain corrections and
+improvements. Among the eminent persons to whom he was thus introduced,
+was the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, Sir Joshua Reynolds, at whose
+mansion he first beheld, and was made known to, Dr. Johnson, who gave
+the young poet his opinion of _The Village_. Mr. Burke having directed
+Mr. Crabbe's views to the church, in 1781 he was ordained a deacon by
+the Bishop of Norwich, and priest by the same dignitary in the following
+year; he was next appointed domestic chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at
+Belvoir Castle. As Mr. Crabbe had not received a university education,
+he was offered a degree by Trinity College, Cambridge, but eventually
+received the grant from the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, and
+thus became a Bachelor of Laws. Burke also introduced Mr. Crabbe to Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, who presented him to rectories in Dorset and Lincoln
+consecutively. He had previously a curacy at Strathorn, a village near
+Belvoir Castle, where he married and became a father; he was universally
+respected for his talents and virtues, and died at Trowbridge, at seven
+o'clock in the morning of the 8th of February, 1832. The publications of
+Mr. Crabbe have placed him high on the roll of British Poets.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, March 1, and May 3, for
+   toys.--_Inn_, White Lion.--_Mail_ arrives at 9-1/2 A.M. departs 5-1/2
+   P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of the Rev. George Crabbe, the poet. Biographical
+sketch of his life.]
+
+[Sidenote: Crabbe's arrival in London, 1778.]
+
+[Sidenote: His first published work well received.]
+
+[Sidenote: Crabbe's introduction to eminent persons.]
+
+[Sidenote: Promoted to the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died at Trowbridge 1132.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |     Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+    27|Aldeby         pa|Norfolk   |Beccles      3|Yarmouth     11|
+    18|Aldenham       pa|Herts     |Watford      3|St. Albans    6|
+    41|Alderbury      to|Wilts     |Salisbury    3|Downton       4|
+    27|Alderford      pa|Norfolk   |Reepham      3|Norwich       9|
+    15|Alderley       pa|Gloucester|Wickwar      4|Wooton        2|
+     7|Alderley       pa|Chester   |Macclesfield 5|Knutsford     5|
+     4|Aldermaston[A] pa|Berks     |Reading     10|Newbury       8|
+    42|Alderminster   pa|Worcester |Evesham     10|Stratford-Av. 5|
+    41|Alderton       pa|Wilts     |Malmsbury    6|Tetbury       7|
+    15|Alderton       pa|Gloucester|Winchcomb    3|Cheltenham    7|
+    28|Alderton       pa|Northamp  |Towcester    4|Northampton   9|
+    36|Alderton       pa|Suffolk   |Woodbridge   7|Orford        9|
+     7|Aldersey       to|Chester   |Chester      8|Tarporley     8|
+    16|Aldershott     pa|Hants     |Farnham      3|Odiham        8|
+    10|Alderwasley    to|Derby     |Wirksworth   1|Matlock       4|
+     7|Aldford   to & pa|Chester   |Chester      5|Malpas       10|
+    45|Aldfield       to|W.R. York |Ripon        3|Ripley        4|
+    14|Aldham         pa|Essex     |Coggeshall   4|Colchester    6|
+    36|Aldham         pa|Suffolk   |Hadley       2|Stow-Market   9|
+    38|Aldingbourn    pa|Sussex    |Chichester   4|Arundel       7|
+    22|Aldingham      pa|Lancaster |Ulverstone   5|Dalton        4|
+    21|Aldington[B]   pa|Kent      |Hythe        6|Ashford       7|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                  |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond. |population.
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+------+--------+
+    27|Aldeby         pa|Lowestoft               7|   112|     530|
+    18|Aldenham       pa|Elstree                 3|    17|    1494|
+    41|Alderbury      to|Farley                  3|    80|    1323|
+    27|Alderford      pa|Aylesham                7|   108|      40|
+    15|Alderley       pa|Tetbury                 8|   108|     200|
+     7|Alderley       pa|Congleton               8    172|    1338|
+     4|Aldermaston[A] pa|Kingsclere              5|    49|     636|
+    42|Alderminster   pa|Shipston-Sto.           6|    89|     454|
+    41|Alderton       pa|Chippenham              8|   103|     213|
+    15|Alderton       pa|Tewkesbury              7|   102|     330|
+    28|Alderton       pa|Sto. Stratford          9|    58|     162|
+    36|Alderton       pa|Ipswich                12|    79|     575|
+     7|Aldersey       to|Malpas                  5|   175|     138|
+    16|Aldershott     pa|Frimley                 6|    35|     665|
+    10|Alderwasley    to|Bakewell                9|   138|     424|
+     7|Aldford   to & pa|Tarporley               9|   177|     710|
+    45|Aldfield       to|Borobridge              7|2   08|     133|
+    14|Aldham         pa|Neyland                 6|    48|     407|
+    36|Aldham         pa|Ipswich                 8|    66|     318|
+    38|Aldingbourn    pa|Bognor                  5|    62|     833|
+    22|Aldingham      pa|Lancaster              15|   277|     884|
+    21|Aldington[B]   pa|New Romney              8|    60|     732|
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+------+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALDERMASTON. _Fairs_, May 6, July 7, for horses and cattle, and
+October 11, for pedlery.
+
+
+[B] ALDINGTON. Elizabeth Barton, commonly called the Holy Maid of Kent,
+a religious impostor, lived in the reign of Henry VIII. She was a
+servant at Aldington, and having been for a long time afflicted with
+convulsions, which distorted her limbs and countenance, and threw her
+body into the most violent agitations, acquired a power of
+counterfeiting the same appearances whenever she pleased. Richard
+Master, who then held this living, with other ecclesiastics, thinking
+her a proper instrument for their purpose, induced her to pretend that
+all she said and did, was by a supernatural impulse, and taught her to
+act her part in the most perfect manner. Thus she pretended to be
+honoured with visions; to hear heavenly voices and most ravishing
+melody; she declaimed against the wickedness of the times, against
+heresy and innovations; exhorting all persons to frequent the church, to
+hear masses, to make frequent confessions, and to pray to our lady, and
+all saints. This artful management, with her apparent piety, virtue, and
+austerity of life, completely deceived even Sir Thomas More, Bishop
+Fisher, and Archbishop Warham, the last of which appointed commissioners
+to examine her, to whom she was instructed to say, in her counterfeit
+trances, that she should never recover till she went to visit the image
+of the Virgin Mary, in a chapel dedicated to her in this parish, which
+was done. After that she pretended that she was called to be a nun, and
+the Archbishop being fully satisfied with the reports, had her placed in
+the nunnery of St. Sepulchre, Canterbury, where she alleged she had
+visions and revelations of a divine nature, so as to completely impose
+upon the public. The main object of the priests, her managers, was
+directed publicly to announce how God had revealed to her, "that in case
+the king should divorce Queen Catherine of Anjou, and take another wife
+during her life, his royalty would not be of a month's duration, but
+that he should die the death of a villain," which created considerable
+excitement, and much controversy: encouraged by the lenity of the
+government, the ecclesiastics in this conspiracy, resolved to publish
+the revelations of the nun throughout the kingdom. They had communicated
+them to the Pope's Ambassadors, and exhorted Queen Catherine to persist
+in her resolutions. At length this confederacy became a serious affair,
+and Henry ordered the maid and her accomplices to be examined in the
+Star Chamber, where they confessed all the particulars of the imposture;
+and afterwards, upon a scaffold erected at Paul's Cross, were compelled
+to hear their confession publicly read; they were confined in the Tower
+until the meeting of parliament, by whom the whole affair was pronounced
+to be a conspiracy against the king's life, and crown. The nun, and her
+confederates, were eventually attainted of high treason, and executed at
+Tyburn, April 20th, 1534, where she confessed the imposture, laying the
+blame on her accomplices, the priests; craving pardon of God, and the
+King.
+
+[Sidenote: The History of the Holy Maid of Kent.]
+
+[Sidenote: Holy Maid of Kent.]
+
+[Sidenote: The imposture detected.]
+
+[Sidenote: Herself and confederates executed at Tyburn.]
+
+  Map| Names of Places.      |  County. |  Number of Miles From         |
+  +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
+   42|Aldington            ham| Worcester|    Evesham 3|      Moreton 10|
+   35|Aldridge              pa|  Stafford|    Walsall 3|Sut. Coldfield 4|
+   36|Aldringham            pa|   Suffolk|  Aldeburgh 2|     Saxmundha 5|
+   38|Aldrington            pa|    Sussex|   Brighton 5|      Steyning 6|
+    9|Aldstone Moor[A] to & pa|Cumberland|  Carlisle 25|  Kirk Oswald 12|
+   15|Aldsworth             pa|Gloucester| Northleach 4|      Fairford 6|
+   16|Aldwark               to|     Derby| Wirksworth 4|      Ashbourn 6|
+   44|Aldwark               to| N. R York| Borobridge 5|    Easingwold 4|
+   45|Aldwarke              to| W. R York|  Rotherham 2|     Sheffield 4|
+   28|Aldwinckle-all Saints  p|  Northamp|  Thrapston 3|    Kettering 10|
+   28|Aldwinckle-St Peter   pa|  Northamp|       ...  3|         ...  10|
+    4|Aldsworth[B]          pa|     Berks|East Ilsley 4|   Wallingford 7|
+  +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
+                                                       |Dist. |
+  Map| Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From    |Lond. |Population.
+  +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+------+---------+
+   42|Aldington            ham|Alcester              10|    96|     104|
+   35|Aldridge              pa|Lichfleld              6|   116|    1804|
+   36|Aldringham            pa|Dunwich                7|    94|     362|
+   38|Aldrington            pa|Worthing               7|    55|     615|
+    9|Aldstone Moor[A] to & pa|Haltwhistle           10|   272|    6858|
+   15|Aldsworth             pa|Burford                4|    78|     353|
+   16|Aldwark               to|Winster                6|   145|      97|
+   44|Aldwark               to|Knaresboro             9|   202|     190|
+   45|Aldwarke              to|Barnsley               8|   172|     ...|
+   28|Aldwinckle-all Saints  p|Oundle                 5|    76|     247|
+   28|Aldwinckle-St Peter   pa|  ...                  5|    76|     171|
+    4|Aldsworth[B]          pa|Newbury               11|    50|     268|
+  +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALDSTONE MOOR, in Leath Ward, is situated on the borders of
+Northumberland, in the most picturesque and romantic part of the county.
+The town itself stands upon a hill, at the bottom of which runs the
+river Tyne. The immediate vicinity abounds in lead-mines, on estates
+which once belonged to the Derwentwater family. On the attainder of the
+last earl, they were granted in aid of the support of Greenwich
+Hospital, from the trustees of which national institution, the mines are
+at present leased. Satin spar is found in this parish; there is also a
+pool on Gildersdale Fell, the slime of which is used for painting
+yellow. About three miles from the town, are the earthworks of Whitley
+castle, where relics of antiquity have frequently been discovered.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in May, 1st Thursday in
+   September, for cattle, horses, linen and woollen cloth.
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque and Romantic scenery.]
+
+[Sidenote: The slime of a pool use for painting yellow.]
+
+
+[B] ALDWORTH is pleasantly situated on a hill: here was anciently a
+mansion belonging to the family of De La Beche, the site of which is now
+Beach Farm. In the churchyard is a remarkable yew-tree, the trunk
+measuring nine yards in circumference, at upwards of four feet from the
+ground. The church is celebrated for its very ancient monuments, nine in
+number, disposed in enriched arches on each side, and in the centre of
+the interior; these are supposed to belong to the De La Beche family,
+and from the costume of the figures upon the tombs, may be referred to
+the fourteenth century; six of them are knights in armour; two are
+females, and one in the common habit of the time; some of the knights
+are represented lying cross-legged; these had vowed, or accompanied a
+crusade; the workmanship is excellent, and the attitude and expression
+of each of the figures that remain perfect, are exceedingly graceful,
+but several of the monuments are now considerably mutilated. The font is
+very ancient, and remarkably plain, but very capacious, and somewhat
+singular in its form.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable yew-tree, nine yards round.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church celebrated for ancient monuments.]
+
+  Map| Names of Places.       |  County. |  Number of Miles From       |
+  +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+   29|Alemouth              to|Northumb  |Lesbury       2|Alnwick     5|
+   28|Alesworth            ham|Northamp  |Deeping       7|Wandsford   3|
+   37|Alfold                pa|Surrey    |Guildford    10|Godalming   7|
+   24|Alford         m.t. & pa|Lincoln   |Saltfleet    12|Lincoln    34|
+   34|Alford                pa|Somerset  |Shepton       7|Castle Cary 2|
+   10|Alfreton[A]           pa|Derby     |Derby        14|Wirksworth 10|
+   42|Alfrick             chap|Worcester |Bromvard      6|Worcester   8|
+   38|Alfriston             pa|Sussex    |Newhaven      5|Seaford     3|
+   24|Algarkirk             pa|Lincoln   |Fosdyke Br.   3|Boston      6|
+   31|Alkerton              pa|Oxford    |Shipston      8|Banbury     6|
+   21|Alkham                pa|Kent      |Canterbury   12|Dover       4|
+   15|Alkington        ti & to|Gloucester|Old Passage  10|Berkeley    1|
+   10|Alkmonton             to|Derby     |Derby        10|Ashbourn    5|
+   22|Alkrington            to|Lancaster |Rochdale      7|Manchester  6|
+   41|Alcannings       pa & to|Wilts     |Calne         7|Devizes     4|
+   29|Allendale        pa & to|Northumb  |Aldsto. Moor  10|Hexham     8|
+   29|Allen-Head            pa|Northumb  | ...          9|Hexham     12|
+    8|Allen, St.            pa|Cornwall  |St. Michael   4|Truro       4|
+   17|Allensmore            pa|Hereford  |Thruxton      2|Hereford    4|
+   29|Allenton         pa & to|Northumb  |Wooler       16|Rothbury    8|
+   34|Aller                 pa|Somerset  |Taunton      11|Somerton    6|
+    9|Allerby               to|Cumberland|Wigton        8|Cockermout  7|
+   43|Allerston             pa|N.R. York |New Malton    8|Pickering   5|
+   46|Allerthorpe           pa|E.R. York |York         11|Pocklington 2|
+   43|Allerthorpe           to|N.R. York |Northallerton 6|Bedale      5|
+   22|Allerton              to|Lancaster |Warrington   12|Liverpool   6|
+   34|Allerton Chapel       pa|Somerset  |Wells        10|Axbridge    3|
+   45|Allerton Chapel       pa|W.R. York |Halifax       7|Leeds       2|
+   45|Allerton              to|W.R. York |Ottley        5|Bradford    4|
+   45|Allerton Bywater      to|W.R. York |Wakefield     6|Pontefract  5|
+   45|Allerton Mauleverer[B] p|W.R. York |Wetherby      5|Knaresboro  4|
+  +--+------------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+  Map| Names of Places.       |   Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+  +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+   29|Alemouth              to|Morpeth                 19|  311|    415|
+   28|Alesworth            ham|Peterborough             5|   87|    289|
+   37|Alfold                pa|Haslemere                9|   41|    514|
+   24|Alford         m.t. & pa||Louth                  11|  142|   1784|
+   34|Alford                pa|Glastonbury              8|  115|    137|
+   10|Alfreton[A]           pa|Mansfield                9|  139|   5691|
+   42|Alfrick             chap||Gt. Malvern            10|  119|    493|
+   38|Alfriston             pa|Hailsham                 6|   55|    694|
+   24|Algarkirk             pa|Donnington               7|  111|    651|
+   31|Alkerton              pa|Kineton                  6|   77|    192|
+   21|Alkham                pa|Folkestone               4|   69|    542|
+   15|Alkington        ti & to|Dursley                  3|  113|   1167|
+   10|Alkmonton             to|Uttoxeter                7|  134|     79|
+   22|Alkrington            to|Oldham                   1|  187|    367|
+   41|Alcannings       pa & to|Marlborough              9|   88|    811|
+   29|Allendale        pa & to|Haltwhistle             10|  273|   5540|
+   29|Allen-Head            pa|Allendale                4|  268|    ...|
+    8|Allen, St.            pa|Falmouth                12|  252|    637|
+   17|Allensmore            pa|Ross                    12|  131|    592|
+   29|Allenton         pa & to|Bellingham              15|  310|    822|
+   34|Aller                 pa|Bridgewater              8|  128|    490|
+    9|Allerby               to|Abbey-Holm               6|  313|    ...|
+   43|Allerston             pa|Scarborough             10|  220|    385|
+   46|Allerthorpe           pa|M. Weighton              6|  212|    185|
+   43|Allerthorpe           to|Thirsk                   6|  218|    167|
+   22|Allerton              to|Prescott                 6|  202|    374|
+   34|Allerton Chapel       pa|Bridgewater             11|  132|    313|
+   45|Allerton Chapel       pa|Bradford                 8|  194|   1730|
+   45|Allerton              to|Keighly                  4|  200|   1733|
+   45|Allerton Bywater      to|Leeds                    6|  182|    375|
+   45|Allerton Mauleverer[B] p|Borobridge               5|  202|    ...|
+  +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ALFRETON, is situated about two miles from the commencement of the
+moors, which extend so widely in this county. The town is supposed to
+have been built by King Alfred, and to derive its name from him. The
+spot is shown where the house stood in which he lived. The inhabitants
+are principally employed in a stocking manufactory, and in the
+neighbouring collieries. Earthenware is also made in this place, and the
+Monday market, for corn, is considerable. In Greenhill Lane, near this
+town, seven hundred Roman coins, were discovered by a labourer employed
+in repairing a fence.
+
+   _Markets_, Monday and Friday.--_Mail_ arrives 2-1/4 P.M., departs
+   9-1/4 A.M.--_Fairs_, horses and cattle, October 8, and November 22,
+   statute.--_Inns_, Angel, and George.
+
+[Sidenote: Built by King Alfred.]
+
+[Sidenote: 700 Roman coins found here.]
+
+
+[B] ALLERTON MAULEVERER, is situated in a very beautiful part of
+Yorkshire. The park now in the possession of _Lord Stourton_, consists
+of about four hundred acres, in which is a superb mansion; the land is
+very rich, and charmingly diversified by a variety of hills, dales, and
+groves, which are considerably enlivened, and receive much additional
+beauty, from a very fine expanse of water. An octagonal tower has been
+built on a lofty hill, finely shaded with trees; it consists of two
+rooms, and is approached by a double flight of steps, each of which, as
+well as the terrace around the building, are protected by iron
+palisades. From this commanding situation, all the various beauties of
+the park are seen to the greatest advantage, and many extensive and
+diversified prospects are enjoyed. Here was a priory of Benedictine
+monks, founded by Richard Mauleverer, in the reign of Henry II., which
+was dissolved about three centuries afterwards by King Henry VI. The
+manor was the seat of the Mauleverer family for more than five hundred
+years, when Sir Richard, the last heir, who died unmarried, left the
+estate by will to his mother, who, afterwards by marriage, conveyed it
+to the Arundel family, and from them it became the property of the
+Honourable, William Monkton Arundel, Viscount Galway, whose son, the
+late Lord Galway, sold it in the year 1786, to the late Duke of York,
+who afterwards occasionally resided in the park, with George IV., then
+Prince of Wales. The estate, comprising four thousand five hundred and
+twenty-five acres, was sold by the Royal Duke to Colonel Thornton, for
+£110,000; and was, in 1805, resold by that gentleman to the late Lord
+Stourton, father of the present proprietor. The mansion stands on a
+gentle elevation; it was erected by his Royal Highness the Duke of York,
+and has since been considerably improved.
+
+[Sidenote: Extensive park and mansion.]
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: Here was a Priory of Benedictine monks.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sale of the estate by the late Duke of York, for £110,000.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County.  |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    39|Allesley      pa|Warwick   |Coventry   2|Nuneaton     8|
+    10|Allestrey     pa|Derby     |Derby      2|Ashbourn    14|
+    23|Allexton      pa|Leicester |Rockingham 6|M. Harboro   9|
+     9|Allhallows    pa|Cumberland|Wigton     5|Market Ireby 4|
+    21|Allhallows    pa|Kent      |Rochester  7|Sheerness    5|
+    12|Allington     pa|Dorset    |Bridport   1|Lyme Regis   8|
+    21|Allington[A]  pa|Kent      |Maidstone  2|Rochester    7|
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+--------------+
+    39|Allesley      pa|Kenilworth            6|   93|     875|
+    10|Allestrey     pa|Alfreton             13|  128|     501|
+    23|Allexton      pa||Uppingham            5|   89|      68|
+     9|Allhallows    pa|Allonby               7|  308|     205|
+    21|Allhallows    pa|Queenboro             6|   36|     263|
+    12|Allington     pa|Beaminster            5|  136|    1300|
+    21|Allington[A]  pa|Wrotham               8|   32|      37|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALLINGTON. Situated in the hundred of Larkefield, in the lathe of
+Aylesford, near the river Medway. ALLINGTON CASTLE was originally
+built in the Saxon times, by a noble family denominated _Columbary_,
+but was razed afterwards by the Danes. The manor was given after the
+conquest to Bishop Odo, (in whose time there was a _church_ at
+Allington,) and on his disgrace, to the great Earl Warrenne, who is
+stated to have had the castle rebuilt, which, however, seems to be
+doubtful, as the famous Sir Stephen Penchester, constable of Dover
+Castle, in the reign of Edward I., and then owner of this manor, had a
+license to fortify, and embattle, his mansion-house here. It passed
+afterwards to the _Cobham_ family; and from them to the _Brents_, by
+whom it was alienated to Sir Henry Wyatt, a descendant from a worthy
+Yorkshire family; who, besides losing seventeen manors, was deprived of
+his liberty for engaging in the plot against Richard III. in favour of
+the Earl of Richmond; but when success had crowned the attempts of the
+latter, he was released by the new king, knighted, made banneret, a
+knight of the bath, and a privy counsellor. He made this castle his
+residence; and here was born his accomplished son and successor, Sir
+Thomas Wyatt. This gentleman who was equally renowned, as a scholar, a
+soldier, and a statesman, (in consequence of which he was considered to
+be "the delight of the muses and mankind") made this a "fair seat," and
+was visited here by Henry VIII., (as his father Sir Henry had also
+been,) with whom he was a great favourite; though he appears in some
+degree to have unintentionally excited his jealousy, through the
+admiration which his accomplishments had raised in the breast of the
+fascinating Anne Boleyn. He died in his thirty-eighth year, at
+Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, of a violent fever. His son Sir Thomas Wyatt,
+the younger, being deprived of his estates and life, for treason against
+Queen Mary, this castle and manor became vested in the crown, and were
+granted, on lease by Elizabeth, to John Astley Esq., master of her
+jewels, in her eleventh year. His son, Sir John Astley, afterwards had
+the whole granted to him by the queen's letters patent, dated in her
+twenty-sixth year, and from his family it was transferred to that of
+Lord Romney, and is now the property of the present earl. The remains of
+the castle are particularly curious and interesting, but give the idea
+rather of a fortified dwelling, than of a place of strength. The moat
+still exists, as does the entrance gateway, which was erected by the
+Cobhams. Besides the castle and parsonage, (a mere cottage,) there is
+only one house in this parish; though Sir Stephen de Penchester is
+recorded to have procured a grant of a market weekly, and a three days
+annual fair for his manor of Allington.
+
+[Sidenote: The castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mansion given to Bishop Odo.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Henry Wyatt deprived of seventeen manors and his liberty,
+for treason.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Thomas Wyatt, was an accomplished scholar, soldier and
+statesman.]
+
+[Sidenote: Parish consists of one house, a church, and a cottage.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.      | County.  | Number of Miles From         |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------------------------+
+    41|Allington            pa|Wilts     |Amesbury     4|Salisbury     6|
+    41|Allington            to|Wilts     |Chippenham   2|Malmsbury     9|
+    41|Allington            to|Wilts     |Devizes      4|Calne         7|
+    11|Allington, East      pa|Devon     |Kingsbridge  4|Dartmouth     6|
+    11|Allington, West      pa|Devon     | ...         1|Modbury       7|
+    24|Allington, West      pa|Lincoln   |Grantham     5|Newark       10|
+    22|Allithwaite, Upper   to|Lancaster |Cartmel      3|Hawkeshead   11|
+    22|Allithwaite, Lower   to|Lancaster | ...         1| ...         13|
+     9|Allonby              to|Cumberland|Wigton      11|Cockermouth   9|
+     7|Allostock            to|Chester   |Knutsford    5|Middlewich    5|
+    36|All Saints, St. Elm  pa|Suffolk   |Halesworth   5|Bungay        5|
+    17|Almeley              pa|Hereford  |Weobly       5|Kington       4|
+    12|Almer, West          pa|Dorset    |Blandford    6|Bere Regis    6|
+    35|Almington            to|Stafford  |Drayton      1|Newcastle    12|
+    39|Almington & Delph    to|Warwick   |Tamworth     2|Atherstone    7|
+    38|Almodington          pa|Sussex    |Chichester   6|Bognor       10|
+    45|Almondbury[A]   pa & to|W.R. York |Huddersfield 2|Barnsley     10|
+    15|Almondsbury     pa & ti|Gloucester|Thornbury    4|Old Pas. Hou. 5|
+    34|Almsford             pa|Somerset  |Castle Cary  1|Bruton        4|
+    43|Alne            pa & to|N.R. York |Easingwold   3|Borobridge    6|
+    39|Alne, Great   chap & to|Warwick   |Alcester     3|Henley-Arden  5|
+    29|Alnham          pa & to|Northumb  |Alnwick     14|Wooler       11|
+    29|Alnwick[B]    m.t. & pa|Northumb  |Newcastle   34|Morpeth       9|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.      | Number of Miles  From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+    41|Allington            pa|Andover                11|   77|       80|
+    41|Allington            to|Bath                   13|   95|      162|
+    41|Allington            to|Marlboro               10|   88|      162|
+    11|Allington, East      pa|Totness                 7|  205|      677|
+    11|Allington, West      pa|Plymouth               18|  207|      872|
+    24|Allington, West      pa|M. Mowbray             16|  115|      357|
+    22|Allithwaite, Upper   to|Ulverstone             11|  255|      759|
+    22|Allithwaite, Lower   to|..by Ferry              6|  257|      838|
+     9|Allonby              to|Abbey-Holm              8|  315|      783|
+     7|Allostock            to|Northwich               6|  168|      448|
+    36|All Saints, St. Elm  pa|Harleston               5|  105|      439|
+    17|Almeley              pa|Leominster              7|  107|      ...|
+    35|Almington            to|Eccleshall             10|  158|      340|
+    39|Almington & Delph    to|Coleshill              10|  112|      264|
+    38|Almodington          pa|Selsea-Bill             4|   68|      ...|
+    45|Almondbury[A]   pa & to|Wakefield               9|  186|    30606|
+    15|Almondsbury     pa & ti|Bristol                 8|  117|     1408|
+    34|Almsford             pa|Glastonbury             9|  114|      304|
+    43|Alne            pa & to|Thirsk                  9|  212|     1967|
+    39|Alne, Great   chap & to|Stratford               7|  103|      343|
+    29|Alnham          pa & to|Rothbury                9|  314|      278|
+    29|Alnwick[B]    m.t. & pa| ...                   11|  308|     6788|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper division
+of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school, founded by patent
+from James I. and endowed with about £120 per annum. This place is noted
+for its extensive woollen manufactories. It was anciently called
+Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces of an ancient castle, on an
+eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed, by some antiquarians,
+to have been the Campodonum of the Romans, and subsequently a royal seat
+of some of the Saxon kings.
+
+[Sidenote: Grammar school founded by James I.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient castle. Campodonum of the Romans.]
+
+
+[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and usually
+regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the
+southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern
+division of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities
+of a hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was
+erected by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest
+on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down
+the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns
+surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or
+clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons was
+founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It was
+pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site of
+which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington,
+after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and also of the
+Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. A
+fine gate house still remains, on which the Percy arms is visible. This
+town has a spacious market place, and a considerable town hall, in which
+the sessions and county courts are held. It is paved, watched, and
+lighted, under an act passed in 1821. Although the county town, the
+assizes are held at Newcastle. Alnwick Castle has been for many
+centuries a fortress of great strength, and the family mansion of the
+Percys'; it stands on an eminence on the south side of the Alne,
+opposite to the town, and commands a beautiful view of the country. The
+walls are flanked with sixteen gothic towers, the battlements of which,
+are ornamented with figures of ancient warriors: it is very celebrated
+in border history, and was peculiarly fatal to the kings of Scotland, of
+whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward, fell before it; and William,
+surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner. The castle has lately undergone a
+complete repair; great attention having been paid to the restoration of
+the gothic ornaments in their original style. The chapel has been
+rendered extremely beautiful, by the introduction of a ceiling, in
+imitation of the celebrated one of King's College, Cambridge. There is
+also a handsome window, on the model of one at York Minster, and the
+walls are painted in the manner of those of the cathedral of Milan. The
+tenants of the estate at Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument
+to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and
+was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called,
+stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern entrance
+to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen in every
+direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be ascended easily
+by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an immemorial custom
+continued here on the proclamation of the several fairs; divers adjacent
+townships, which are free of toll in the borough, by this service, send
+their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the eve of the fair, when he
+makes proclamation; after which they keep watch all night in every part
+of the town, and this is the most perfect remains of watch and ward
+retained in any part of this country. It is said that King John, having
+endured considerable inconvenience from the miry state of the roads, in
+humorous revenge, directed that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick,
+should be made in the following manner, which is still observed.--On St.
+Mark's day, those who are to be made free, assemble in the market place,
+dressed in white, with white caps, and a sword by their side. They
+proceed on horseback from this place to the town moor, headed by the
+four chamberlains, attired in the same manner, where they alight and
+rush through a muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change
+their soiled garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school,
+supported by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor
+charities.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday,--_Mail_ arrives 6-1/4 A.M., departs 5-1/2
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, Palm Sunday eve, for shoes, hats, &c.; May 12th,
+   horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen and woollen
+   cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle;
+   and Saturday before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and
+   woollens.--_Bankers_, Ridley and Co., draw on Glynn and Co.--_Inn_,
+   White Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: An abbey of monks, founded in 1147.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fortress of great strength.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fall of Malcolm II. and his son Edward.]
+
+[Sidenote: Monument to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious customs in Alnwick.]
+
+[Sidenote: Making freemen at Alnwick through a muddy pool.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |County.|   Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+
+    14|Alphamstone         pa|Essex  |Halstead   5|Sudbury    5|
+    36|Alphaston           pa|Suffolk|Sudbury    7|Lavenham   3|
+    11|Alphington          pa|Devon  |Exeter     1|Topsham    5|
+    27|Alpington           pa|Norfolk|Norwich    6|Loddon     5|
+     7|Alpraham            to|Chester|Tarporley  3|Malpas     8|
+    14|Alresford           pa|Essex  |Colchester 5|St. Osyth  6|
+    16|Alresford, New[A] m.t.|Hants  |Southamp. 19|Winchester 7|
+   +--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+
+      |                                           |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+    14|Alphamstone         pa|Colchester        10|   50|   277|
+    36|Alphaston           pa|Bury              10|   61|   309|
+    11|Alphington          pa|Chudleigh          8|  167|  1236|
+    27|Alpington           pa|Hempnell           6|  119|   197|
+     7|Alpraham            to|Nantwich           7|  176|   418|
+    14|Alresford           pa||Manningtre        8|   56|   297|
+    16|Alresford, New[A] m.t.|Alton             10|   57|  1437|
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of Alton:
+seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source. It was
+anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation of the
+river, having at one time extended from Southampton to this town;
+whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is divided into two
+parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the mother church.
+The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, is governed by a
+bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are held here. There
+is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but generally speaking,
+the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne Hall, about two miles distant,
+the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there has been bestowed annually, on Lady
+Day, from the reign of Henry II. a gift to every applicant of twopence
+in bread or money; of which bounty, in some years, no less than
+seventeen hundred persons have partaken.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Mail_ arrives 3-1/2 A.M. departs 11-1/2
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in July, and October 17, sheep,
+   &c.--_Bankers_, Knapp & Co. draw on Barclay & Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Formerly a populous place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tichbourne Hall, seat of Sir H. Tichbourne.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County. | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+    16|Alresford, Old    pa|Hants    |Southamp. 19|Winchester   7|
+    35|Alrewas           pa|Stafford |Lichfield  5|Burton       8|
+    35|Alewas Hayes     dis|Stafford | ...       4| ...         9|
+     7|Alsager           pa|Chester  |Sandbach   5|Congleton    9|
+    10|Alsop-le-Dale     pa|Derby    |Ashbourn   6|Longnor      8|
+    22|Alston            to|Lancaster|Preston    6|Blackburn    6|
+    42|Alstone         chap|Worcester|Tewkesbury 5|Evesham      7|
+    35|Alstonefield pa & to|Stafford |Ashbourn   6|Longnor      6|
+    22|Altcar          chap|Lancaster|Ormskirk   6|Liverpool   11|
+     8|Alternon          pa|Cornwall |Launceston 8|Camelford    8|
+    22|Altham     to & chap|Lancaster|Burnley    5|Colne       11|
+    14|Althorne          pa|Essex    |Maldon     6|Southminster 3|
+    24|Althorp      pa & to|Lincoln  |Burton     5|Epworth      5|
+    27|Althorpe         ham|Norfolk  |Fakenham   2|N. Walsingh. 3|
+    48|Altmawr         chap|Brecon   |Builth     3|Brecon      12|
+    45|Altofts           to|W.R. York|Wakefield  4|Leeds        8|
+    16|Alton[A]   m.t. & pa|Hants    |Southamp. 29|Basingstoke 10|
+    41|Alton Barnes      pa|Wilts    |Marlboro   7|Devizes      7|
+    12|Alton Pancras     pa|Dorset   |Dorchester 7|Cerne-Abbas  3|
+    41|Alton Priors    chap|Wilts    |Devizes    7|Marlboro     7|
+     7|Altringham[B]   m.t.|Chester  |Knutsford  7|Stockport   10|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    16|Alresford, Old    pa|Alton               10|   57|     459|
+    35|Alrewas           pa|Bromley              5|  124|    1607|
+    35|Alewas Hayes     dis ...                  6|  124|      77|
+     7|Alsager           pa|Nantwich             8|  157|     446|
+    10|Alsop-le-Dale     pa|Winster              6|  145|      61|
+    22|Alston            to|Clitheroe            9|  222|    1030|
+    42|Alstone         chap|Pershore             7|  101|      78|
+    35|Alstonefield pa & to|Winster              8|  144|    5169|
+    22|Altcar          chap|Prescott            13|  214|     505|
+     8|Alternon          pa|Bodmin              16|  222|    1069|
+    22|Altham     to & chap|Blackburn            6|  212|     413|
+    14|Althorne          pa|Rochford             6|   42|     352|
+    24|Althorp      pa & to|Glandford Br        12|  165|     981|
+    27|Althorpe         ham|Holt                10|  111|       9|
+    48|Altmawr         chap|Aberedwy             2|  170|      43|
+    45|Altofts           to|Pontefract           3|  186|     502|
+    16|Alton[A]   m.t. & pa|Farnham             10|   47|    2742|
+    41|Alton Barnes      pa|Pewsey               4|   82|     138|
+    12|Alton Pancras     pa|Sherborne           10|  120|     210|
+    41|Alton Priors    chap|Pewsey               4|   82|     205|
+     7|Altringham[B]   m.t.|Manchester           9|  179|    2708|
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town,
+consisting of three streets, of which the principal contains some
+handsome houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the
+magistracy, and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district
+around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and
+possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics,
+which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller, in
+December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord Hopton,
+who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by Colonel
+Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade the
+doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel himself,
+refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated men to
+whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de Alton, a
+Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and wrote on the
+universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin. John Pitts,
+the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and died in 1616;
+and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746, and died in
+1799.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M. departs 12-3/4
+   A.M.--_Fairs_, Saturday before May, sheep and lambs, September 29,
+   cattle and toys.--Commercial Banking Company, draw on Williams, and
+   Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated for hops, and manufactures in serges and other
+worsted fabrics.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church converted to a fortress.]
+
+
+[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of Bowden, and
+hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater's canal passes
+from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it possesses several
+factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the vicinity supplies the
+markets of Manchester well with fruit and vegetables. This town was
+anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham Massey, one of whom granted to
+it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth century.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 4-1/2 A.M., departs 9-1/2
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, April 29, August 5, November 22, for cattle and
+   drapery.--_Inns_, Bowling Green and Unicorn.
+
+[Sidenote: Yarn, cotton, and worsted manufactories]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.       | County.  | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+     7|Alvanley            chap|Chester   |Frodsham    3|Warrington  9|
+     7|Alvaston              to|Chester   |Sandbach    9|Middlewich 10|
+    10|Alvaston       to & chap|Derby     |Derby       4|Kegworth    8|
+    40|Alvechurch[A]         pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove  4|Redditch    4|
+    41|Alvediston            pa|Wilts     |Hindon      7|Wilton      8|
+    33|Alvely           pa & to|Salop     |Bridgenorth 6|Bewdley     8|
+    11|Alverdiscott          pa|Devon     |Bideford    4|Barnstaple  6|
+    16|Alverstoke            pa|Hants     |Gosport     1|Tichfield   6|
+    45|Alverthorpe           to|W.R. York |Wakefield   1|Leeds       7|
+    30|Alverton             ham|Notts     |Newark      7|Bingham     7|
+    31|Alvescott             pa|Oxford    |Burford     5|Bampton     3|
+    15|Alveston[B]           pa|Gloucester|Thornbury   3|New Pas     6|
+    39|Alveston              pa|Warwick   |Stratford   2|Warwick     7|
+    35|Alveton          pa & to|Stafford  |Cheadle     4|Uttaxeter   6|
+    24|Alvingham             pa|Lincoln   |Louth       4|Saltfleet   8|
+    15|Alvington            ham|Gloucester|Blakeney    6|Coleford    6|
+    19|Alwalton              pa|Hunts     |Peterboro   5|Stilton     6|
+    11|Alwington             pa|Devon     |Bideford    4|Torrington  6|
+    45|Alwoodley             to|W.R. York |Leeds       4|Ottley      5|
+    17|Amberly              ham|Hereford  |Hereford    6|Bromyard    9|
+    38|Amberly               pa|Sussex    |Arundel     4|Petworth    4|
+    16|Ambersham,      North ti|Hants     |Midhurst    3| ...        4|
+    16|Ambersham,      South ti|Hants     | ...        3| ...        4|
+    29|Amble                 to|Northumb  |Alnwick     9|Morpeth    11|
+    35|Amblecoat            ham|Stafford  |Stourbridge 1|Dudley      4|
+    40|Ambleside[C] m.t. & chap|Westmorlnd|Kendal     13|Helvelyn    8|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.       |  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     7|Alvanley            chap|Chester               10|  188|    341|
+     7|Alvaston              to|Whitchurch            11|  164|     46|
+    10|Alvaston       to & chap|Burton                12|  124|    364|
+    40|Alvechurch[A]         pa|Birmingham            11|  114|   1548|
+    41|Alvediston            pa|Shaftesbury            9|   92|    239|
+    33|Alvely           pa & to|Cleobury               9|  133|    836|
+    11|Alverdiscott          pa|Torrington             4|  200|    334|
+    16|Alverstoke            pa|Fareham                6|   79|  12637|
+    45|Alverthorpe           to|Dewsbury               5|  183|   4859|
+    30|Alverton             ham|Southwell              9|  118|     16|
+    31|Alvescott             pa|Whitney                6|   74|    361|
+    15|Alveston[B]           pa|Bristol                9|  119|    800|
+    39|Alveston              pa|Henley                 9|   96|    650|
+    35|Alveton          pa & to|Ashbourn               8|   42|   2391|
+    24|Alvingham             pa|Grimsby               18|  153|    292|
+    15|Alvington            ham|Chepstow               7|  128|    281|
+    19|Alwalton              pa|Wandsford              5|   80|    294|
+    11|Alwington             pa|Barnstaple            12|  206|    486|
+    45|Alwoodley             to|Wetherby               8|  193|    142|
+    17|Amberly              ham|Leominster             8|  135|     25|
+    38|Amberly               pa|Worthing              11|   51|    637|
+    16|Ambersham,      North ti|Haslemere              6|   49|    121|
+    16|Ambersham,      South ti| ...                   6|   49|    183|
+    29|Amble                 to|Felton                 6|  301|    247|
+    35|Amblecoat            ham|Wolverhamp             8|  122|   1157|
+    40|Ambleside[C] m.t. & chap|Winanderm              1|  278|   1095|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred of
+Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen
+annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large
+structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It
+however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded here by
+Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the county
+formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of England, in the
+reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a circumstantial
+account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop Latimer put
+it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have been merely a
+timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop since the
+restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled down, when
+the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, which rises in the
+Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards Beoley Park, and
+Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also passes it. This town
+formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen into decay, it
+however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal, which passes
+it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's Norton.
+
+[Sidenote: Church of Anglo Norman architecture.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dilapidations of time.]
+
+
+[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman camps; the
+one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the other
+called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity
+have been discovered.
+
+[Sidenote: Two Roman camps.]
+
+
+[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity of
+the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through the
+town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. It is
+scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic beauties
+of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in England, is
+to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory of woollen
+cloth.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for
+   horned cattle October 29, ditto and sheep--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M.,
+   departs 7 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Site of the Roman Dictus.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.         | County.|     Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+    57|Ambleston               pa|Pembroke|Haverfrd.W. 5|Fishguard   3|
+    31|Ambrosden          pa & to|Oxford  |Bicester    2|Aylesbury  14|
+    24|Amcotts                ham|Lincoln |Burton      4|Glandford  10|
+     5|Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & pa|Bucks   |Aylesbury  14|Chesham     3|
+    41|Amesbury[B]      m.t. & pa|Wilts   |Salisbury   7|Stone-Henge 3|
+   +--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                       |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.          Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population.
+   +--+--------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+    57|Ambleston               pa|Newport            10|   266|    574|
+    31|Ambrosden          pa & to|Oxford             12|    51|    914|
+    24|Amcotts                ham|Epworth             9|   165|    359|
+     5|Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & pa|Beaconsfield        5|    26|   2612|
+    41|Amesbury[B]      m.t. & pa|Andover            14|    77|    544|
+   +--+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a branch of
+the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between two wooded
+hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge to Wendover;
+it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from Chesham to
+High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. The market is
+held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir William Drake,
+about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars and arches, with
+a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in the county.
+Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but by the Reform
+Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively repaired
+in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the family of the
+Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a monument of
+Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638; and also
+several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the adjoining
+mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by _Sheemaker_,
+and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. About a mile
+northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat of Sir Thomas
+Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the possession of the
+Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress, and brought
+Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat of William
+Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in one of her
+progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, who was one of the
+gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married Jane, the daughter and
+heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion is beautifully situated on
+the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense sheet of water, covering
+thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful prospect, particularly
+towards the east, where the town of Amersham, and the surrounding
+eminences, covered with wood, present a very picturesque appearance. The
+gardens, formerly much admired for their beauty, were originally formed
+by Sir William Drake, about 1666, but have been modernized by Richmond,
+for the late proprietor. Here is also a Free Grammar School, the
+scholars of which are entitled to three exhibitions in Corpus Christi
+College, Oxford, bequeathed by Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in
+1620; and likewise four alms houses, with other minor charities. The
+manufactures are chiefly lace, sacking, and all kinds of white cotton,
+wrought by machinery; and the markets are well attended.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and
+   September 19, for cattle, and statute.--_Inns_, Crown and
+   Griffin.--_Mail_ arrives 7 A.M., departs 9-1/4 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Town Hall, built by Sir W. Drake, 1680.]
+
+[Sidenote: Shardeloes park.]
+
+[Sidenote: Entertainment of Queen Elizabeth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque views.]
+
+
+[B] AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and is said
+to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the British
+Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed into a convent of
+Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still to be seen. In the
+parish, and about two miles from the town, is the celebrated British
+monument, known by the name of Stone-henge. Antiquaries differ in their
+opinions as to the probable application of this structure; the majority,
+however, deem it to have been a druidical temple, or a grand tribunal of
+justice. Out of twenty-four enormous stones, of which the outer circular
+range appears to have been formed, seventeen are still standing, and
+seven on the ground; of the inner circle, eleven out of the nineteen of
+which it was formed are still upright, and the remainder prostrate. The
+distance of the inner circle from the outer one is about eight feet,
+forming a walk between the two of about three hundred feet in
+circumference; the stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from
+six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick, and there is an
+appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a trench, over which
+were three passages. There are numerous barrows and tumuli around it,
+where many skeletons and military weapons have been discovered.
+Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which such solid
+masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a situation
+without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a hill; even
+at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a nearer
+approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its
+contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these
+ruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the
+pen adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by
+piece-meal--here a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the
+greatness of every part, and the singular construction of the whole,
+causes additional surprise. Some authors suppose that this noble temple
+does not owe its defacement so much to the introduction of Christianity,
+as to the rude and barbarous hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who
+have carried away the stones for their own purposes. At a house which
+occupies part of the ancient nunnery, a society of nuns of St.
+Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up their abode, probably attracted
+by the supposed sanctity of the situation. Near the town stands the once
+celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury, built by Inigo Jones, and
+subsequently improved by the Earl of Burlington. The neighbourhood
+abounds with clay used for making tobacco pipes, and the river Avon
+supplies a very much admired species of fish called loach. In the
+vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists of a triangular area
+of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and bounded on two sides by
+the Avon. This may have been occupied by the Romans, but its
+construction and position indicate a British origin.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Mail_ arrives 11 P.M., departs 4 A.M.--_Fair_,
+   May 17, June 22, December 18, for horses, sheep, and horned
+   cattle.--_Inn_, George.
+
+[Sidenote: Founded by the British Prince Ambrosius.]
+
+[Sidenote: Stone-henge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its awful appearance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery of St. Augustine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Camp of 39 acres.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |     Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    47|Almwich[A]     pa|Anglesey  |Beaumaris  20|Llanerch   6|
+    43|Amotherby      to|N.R. York |New Malton  3|Pickering  7|
+    15|Ampney Cruci   pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 3|Northleach 9|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    47|Almwich[A]     pa|Holyhead              21|  261|  6285|
+    43|Amotherby      to|Helmsley              11|  221|   246|
+    15|Ampney Cruci   pa|Lechlade               9|   87|   599|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the
+hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of
+Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a
+rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a
+considerable town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very
+rude; it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes
+which issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore
+from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their
+operations, are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not,
+however, discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas
+Bayley, afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev.
+Edward Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The
+substance of the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual
+way, by shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. "Nature," Mr.
+Pennant observes, "hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on
+this spot, for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of
+a yard beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from
+one to four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six
+hundred to a thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of
+the metal yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with
+the earth are frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar;
+whether these are symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores,
+or of quick-silver, I will not pretend to decide. Something interferes
+with the successful smelting of this earth in the great, insomuch that
+it has not yet been of that profit to the adventurers, which might
+reasonably be expected from the crucible assays of it." From this
+mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the syrup of violets red,
+without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the mineral substances
+found from time to time would prove a tedious employment, and perhaps an
+unimportant one. The following are the principal and most useful:--1.
+Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper, in small quantities; 3.
+Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution; 4. Sulphate of
+lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black ore, containing
+copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native sulphur. Not
+far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought from the
+mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between two
+rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons. The two
+companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden, besides
+sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper mines
+are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer copper
+ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur,
+ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper
+companies, this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make
+it difficult and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high
+northerly winds.
+
+   _Fair_, November 12.
+
+[Sidenote: From this place the Romans obtained copper ore.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lead ore which yields silver also.]
+
+[Sidenote: Various minerals.]
+
+[Sidenote: The port, a chasm between the rocks.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.    | County.  |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    15|Ampney Down[A]     pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 6|Cricklade   3|
+    15|Ampney, St. Mary,}   |          |             |             |
+      |  or Ashbrook    } pa|Ditto     |Cirencester 4|Fairford    5|
+    15|Ampney, St. Peter    |Ditto     |Cirencester 4|Fairford    4|
+    43|Ampleforth    pa & to|N.R. York |Helmsley    4|New Malton 13|
+    16|Amport             pa|Hants     |Andover     5|Ludgershall 5|
+     3|Ampthill[B] m.t. & pa|Bedford   |Bedford     8|Woburn      7|
+    36|Ampton             pa|Suffolk   |Bury        5|Ixworth     5|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    15|Ampney Down[A]     pa|Fairford               4|   85|    463|
+    15|Ampney, St. Mary,}   |                        |     |       |
+      |  or Ashbrook    } pa|Bibury                 3|   88|    115|
+    15|Ampney, St. Peter    |Cricklade              5|   86|    180|
+    43|Ampleforth    pa & to|York                  18|  223|    623|
+    16|Amport             pa|Salisbury             13|   69|    731|
+     3|Ampthill[B] m.t. & pa|Toddington             7|   46|   1688|
+    36|Ampton             pa|Thetford               8|   76|    110|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is said
+to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260. Under
+the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir Nicholas
+de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an
+arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with
+his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the
+hilt of his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St.
+George, charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue
+stone; that of the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the
+effigies of the knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon
+character. An ancient mansion, built by the family of the Hungerfords,
+in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its
+exterior, a few years ago. It belongs, with the manor, to the family of
+Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall.
+
+[Sidenote: The church built by the Knights Templars.]
+
+
+[B] AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county.
+Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump;
+and also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of
+Catherine of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then
+proprietor of Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that
+ill-treated Queen. This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now
+the seat of Lord Holland; it was constituted a royal domain by Henry
+VIII., who conferred a name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of
+Ampthill;" the old castle in which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a
+more elevated ground than the present mansion, which is a magnificent
+structure, with wings, and a flight of steps leading to a handsome hall;
+the park, which is now united with that of Houghton, is spacious, and
+presents several most delightful prospects. At the entrance of Ampthill
+Park there is a pear tree, under which it is reported that Sir Philip
+Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 6 A.M.. departs 8-1/2 P.M.--_Fairs_, May 4, and
+   November 30, for cattle.--_Inn_, White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Under a pear-tree in Ampthill park Sir Philip Sydney wrote
+part of his Arcadia.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+    57|Amroth[A]         pa|Pembroke |Narbeth    6|Tenby       6|
+    18|Amwell, Great[B]  pa|Hertford |Ware       1|Hoddesdon   3|
+    18|Amwell, Little  chap|Hertford |Ware       1|Hoddesdon   3|
+    24|Ancaster[C]       pa|Lincoln  |Grantham   6|Sleaford    8|
+    13|Ancroft         chap|Durham   |Berwick    6|Coldstream 10|
+    24|Anderby           pa|Lincoln  |Alford     6|Spilsby    10|
+    32|Anderson, or        |         |            |             |
+      |  Anderstone      pa|Dorset   |Blandford  7|Bere Regis  3|
+     7|Anderton          pa|Chester  |Northwich  2|Warrington  9|
+    22|Anderton          pa|Lancaster|Wigan      3|Bolton      4|
+    36|Andover[D] m.t. & pa|Hants    |Salisbury 18|Stockbridge 7|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    57|Amroth[A]         pa|Llaugharne          10|  251|    654|
+    18|Amwell, Great[B]  pa|Hertford             3|   20|   1321|
+    18|Amwell, Little  chap|Hertford             3|   20|    369|
+    24|Ancaster[C]       pa|Newark              14|  116|    491|
+    13|Ancroft         chap|Wooler              10|  253|   1384|
+    24|Anderby           pa|Saltfleet           12|  142|    217|
+    32|Anderson, or        |                      |     |       |
+      |  Anderstone      pa|Poole               12|  110|     54|
+     7|Anderton          pa||Knutsford           6|  175|    327|
+    22|Anderton          pa|Chorley              5|  201|    343|
+    36|Andover[D] m.t. & pa|Whitchurch           7|   64|   4843|
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house
+formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the
+Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from
+a female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously
+assimilating additions have been made so as to give it every appendage
+of convenience and luxury. The antique porch is nicely preserved. The
+conservatory and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was
+once a vaulted roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this
+vault remains unaltered. From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting
+view of Tenby. The church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is
+situated on a limestone rock, which has been reduced on every side, and
+is remarkable for a curiously disposed tower.
+
+[Sidenote: View of Tenby.]
+
+
+[B] GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Emma's Well,
+a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one of the
+sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr. Milne, to
+the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by the said
+river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by
+Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies
+of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of
+his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of
+Kemberton, near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in
+great indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that
+during such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets.
+The poet Warner, author of "Albion's England," lies interred here. The
+church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has
+been justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott
+of Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem.
+
+[Sidenote: Emma's Well, one of sources of the New River]
+
+[Sidenote: Indigence of Sir Hugh Middleton.]
+
+
+[C] ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called
+Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station;
+many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causennæ. It occupies a low
+situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges
+which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great
+strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been
+found here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable
+emolument to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time
+many became extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various
+Emperors. Several mosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is
+highly probable from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causennæ
+of Antoninus. About the town are several quarries of stone, which is
+found very near the surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the
+head of the Bertie family, but that Dukedom is now extinct.
+
+[Sidenote: Mosaic pavements.]
+
+
+[D] ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been the
+Andaoreon of the Romans; and this opinion seems to have been
+countenanced by the remains of several ancient encampments in the
+neighbourhood, and by the Roman road, which runs from Winchester to
+Cirencester, and passes through the town. The antiquity of the
+corporation is as remote as the reign of John, but the present charter
+was granted by Queen Elizabeth; the town is extensive, and two of the
+streets are handsome and wide. There is a spacious town-hall, supported
+by arches, under which the weekly market is held. The church, situated
+at the north of the town, is a large Gothic building, consisting of a
+nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a transept on the north, and a low
+tower rising from the centre; it existed in the time of the Conqueror,
+and is dedicated to St. Mary. Within four miles of the town is held the
+great annual fair of Weyhill, which, as it lasts for a week, causes much
+circulation of money in Andover. In addition to the many small Roman
+encampments in the immediate neighbourhood, there is a very large one on
+the summit of Bury Hill, about two miles to the S.S.W.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 2-3/4 A.M., departs 11-3/4
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, Friday and Saturday after Mid-Lent, for cheese,
+   horses, and leather; May 17, November 13, for sheep, horses, leather,
+   and cheese.--_Bankers_, T. & W. Heath, draw on Masterman and
+   Co.--_Inns_, Star and Garter, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Weyhill Fair.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.        | County.   |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+
+    54|Andrew, St.            pa|Glamorgan  |Cardiff   5|Llandaff     5|
+    54|Andrew, St. Minor      pa|Glamorgan  |Cowbridge 3|Bridgend     6|
+    36|Andrew, St. Ilketshall pa|Suffolk    |Bungay    4|Beccles      4|
+    34|Angersleigh            pa|Somerset   |Taunton   4|Wellington   4|
+    29|Angerton (High)        to|Northumb   |Morpeth   9|Hartburn     1|
+    29|Angerton, (Low)        to|Northumb   | ...      9| ...         2|
+    57|Angle                  pa|Pembroke   |Pembroke  9|Milford by W 6|
+    47|Anglesey, Isle of[A]     |North Wales|           |              |
+    22|Anglezarke             to|Lancaster  |Bolton    6|Chorley      5|
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+
+                                                        |Dist.
+   Map| Names of Places.        | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    54|Andrew, St.            pa|Cowbridge             8|  165|     474|
+    54|Andrew, St. Minor      pa|Cardiff              15|  175|      16|
+    36|Andrew, St. Ilketshall pa|Halesworth            7|  106|     512|
+    34|Angersleigh            pa|Ilminster            11|  145|      54|
+    29|Angerton (High)        to|Rothbury             12|  290|      64|
+    29|Angerton, (Low)        to| ...                 13|  289|      55|
+    57|Angle                  pa|The Lightho.          4|  264|     458|
+    47|Anglesey, Isle of[A]     |                       |     |   48328|
+    22|Anglezarke             to|Blackburn             9|  203|     168|
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ANGLESEY (Isle and County of), forms one of the six counties of
+North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the
+principality. It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and
+separated on the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine
+strait of Menai, from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is
+irregular, being indented with many small bays and creeks, which gave it
+some maritime importance under its native princes. It has received
+numerous appellations from the ancient Britons; the most approved of
+which was Mon, signifying remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the
+"nurse of Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into
+Angles-ey, or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal
+establishment of the Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by
+the Romans, A.D. 59, under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves
+to be cut down, and stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The
+climate of Anglesey is mild, and the sea-breezes render the weather more
+temperate here than in the other counties of North Wales, although from
+the same cause it is less clear: that portion of the island which
+borders on the Menai, the site of the terrific Druidical groves, is
+richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary, owing to the great
+scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid of wood; and the
+greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale beyond a
+gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect is
+uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper
+management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage.
+About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are
+annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired for
+their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the
+pasturage on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension
+bridge, the passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five
+authorized ferries of the Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they
+were made to swim over, guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese,
+hides, tallow, wax, and honey, form also great articles of trade here;
+throughout the island there are but few manufactures of any importance.
+The shore abounds in some of the most highly prized marine productions,
+and is especially celebrated for the variety and beauty of its sea
+shells. Anglesey is as interesting to the antiquary, as to the natural
+philosopher. The ancient British vestiges are very numerous; comprising
+no less than twenty-eight cromlechs, or Druidical altars, together with
+circles, monumental stones, entrenchments, and other remains of a
+similar description, both British and Roman, which will receive
+attention in their proper places; several of the parish churches (of
+which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various
+monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity.
+Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius
+Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of an
+army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those
+barbarians. Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he
+resolved to attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the
+centre of their superstition, and which afforded protection to all their
+baffled forces. The Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this
+sacred island, both by the force of their arms, and the terrors of their
+religion. The women and priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon
+the shore; and running about with flaming torches in their hands, and
+tossing their disheveled hair, they struck greater terror into the
+astonished Romans by their howlings, cries and execrations, than the
+real danger from the armed forces was able to inspire. But Suetonius,
+exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces of a superstition which he
+despised, impelled them to the attack, drove the Britons off the field,
+burned the Druids in the same fires which those priests had prepared for
+their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated groves and
+altars--and having thus triumphed over the religion of the Britons, he
+thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the people to
+subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The
+circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from
+Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by
+steam packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle,
+mining affords most employment to the labouring population; a great
+number of persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl,
+round the coast. It comprises 200,000 acres of land.
+
+[Sidenote: Originally the principal establishment of the Druids.]
+
+[Sidenote: Annual exportation of cattle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prized for its marine productions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Invasion of the Romans]
+
+[Sidenote: The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their
+enemies.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.     | County.  |     Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+   37 |Agmering            pa|Sussex    |L. Hampton    4|Arundel     4|
+   46 |Angram              to|N.R. York |Tadcaster     3|Wetherby    7|
+   43 |Angram Grange       to|N.R. York |Easingwold    4|Thirsk      7|
+   29 |Anick               to|Northumb  |Hexham        2|Corbridge   3|
+   29 |Anick Grange        to|Northumb  | ...          2| ...        3|
+   46 |Anlaby              to|E.R. York |Hull          4|Beverley    7|
+   27 |Anmer               pa|Norfolk   |Castle Rising 6|Burnham M. 10|
+   30 |Annesley            pa|Nottingham|Mansfield     6|Nottingham 10|
+   39 |Ansley[A]           pa|Warwick   |Nuneaton      5|Atherstone  3|
+   35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Stafford  |Burton-on-T.  3|Uttoxeter   9|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------+
+   37 |Agmering            pa|Steyning                 8|   58|    928|
+   46 |Angram              to|York                     6|  194|     67|
+   43 |Angram Grange       to|Borobridge              11|  217|     28|
+   29 |Anick               to|Newcastle               18|  278|    163|
+   29 |Anick Grange        to| ...                    18|  278|     36|
+   46 |Anlaby              to|South Cave               7|  171|       |
+   27 |Anmer               pa|Lynn                    11|  106|    132|
+   30 |Annesley            pa|Newsted Ab.              3|  134|    402|
+   39 |Ansley[A]           pa|Coventry                 9|  101|    773|
+   35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Abbots Brom              8|  128|    270|
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in
+1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial
+seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park,
+rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected
+with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited
+it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:--
+
+   Beneath this stony roof reclined,
+   I sooth to peace my pensive mind.
+
+On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a
+monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.
+Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture,
+and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.
+
+[Sidenote: A hermitage and Chinese temple.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |      Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    18|Anstey[A]          pa|Herts     |Barkway      3|Buntingford  4|
+    23|Anstey           chap|Leicester |Leicester    4|Mount Sorrel 5|
+    39|Anstey             pa|Warwick   |Coventry     5|Nuneaton     6|
+    41|Anstey             pa|Wilts     |Hindon       5|Shaftesbury  6|
+    11|Anstey, East       pa|Devon     |Dulverton    3|S. Moulton  10|
+    11|Anstey, West       pa|Devon     | ...         4| ...         9|
+    45|Anston        to & pa|W.R. York |Worksop      6|Tickhill     7|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Cornwall  |Falmouth     5|Helston      8|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Cornwall  |St. Mawes    2|Falmouth     3|
+    27|Antingham          pa|Norfolk   |N. Walsham   3|Cromer       6|
+     8|Anthony, West, or St.|          |              |              |
+      |  Jacobs[B]        pa|Cornwall  |Devonport    4|Saltash      4|
+     7|Antrobus           to|Chester   |Northwich    4|Warrington   8|
+    24|Anwick             pa|Lincoln   |Sleaford     5|Tattershall  8|
+    28|Apethorpe        chap|Northamp  |Wandesford   4|Stamford     7|
+    24|Apley            chap|Lincoln   |Wragby       2|Lincoln     10|
+    15|Apperley          ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury   4|Cheltenham   6|
+    24|Appleby[C]         pa|Lincoln   |Glandford B. 7|Burton       5|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+    18|Anstey[A]          pa|Stocking Pel.           4|   33|     417|
+    23|Anstey           chap|Loughboro'              8|  100|     850|
+    39|Anstey             pa|Rugby                  10|   93|     268|
+    41|Anstey             pa|Wilton                  9|   95|     348|
+    11|Anstey, East       pa|Bampton                 6|  169|     166|
+    11|Anstey, West       pa|  ...                   7|  169|     226|
+    45|Anston        to & pa|Sheffield              10|  152|     776|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Lizard Point           12|  275|     300|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Truro                   9|  270|     144|
+    27|Antingham          pa|Aylesham                6|  126|     248|
+     8|Anthony, West, or St.|                         |     |        |
+      |  Jacobs[B]        pa|St. Germains            3|  123|    3099|
+     7|Antrobus           to|Frodsham               11|  179|     476|
+    24|Anwick             pa|Metheringh              9|  120|     235|
+    28|Apethorpe        chap|Oundle                  6|   84|     297|
+    24|Apley            chap|Horncastle             12|  143|     152|
+    15|Apperley          ham|Glocester               6|  104|     401|
+    24|Appleby[C]         pa|Barton                  8|  163|     517|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the
+reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of
+keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time
+of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat
+surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional
+works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle
+of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as
+traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road
+called Ermine Street, passes through this village.
+
+[Sidenote: Ruins of a Castle.]
+
+
+[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony,
+formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East
+Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is
+situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon
+Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by
+Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a
+respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard
+Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a
+hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well
+deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family,
+there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath
+an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady
+of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander
+Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of
+the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the
+measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the
+command of St. Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them
+into the King's possession; but the design being discovered to the
+Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and
+there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty
+he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea
+to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a
+court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23,
+1644. WEST ANTHONY, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing
+village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns
+of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of
+the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important
+towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of
+that title; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the
+sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and
+visitors to Plymouth.
+
+[Sidenote: Mount Edgecomb.]
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Carew family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir A. Crew beheaded.]
+
+
+[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds
+near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near
+Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small
+burden. That very ancient British road--the Ermine-street--passes
+through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the
+Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving
+nearly a due northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln,
+continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a
+great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | County.     | Number of Miles From |
+   +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
+    10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Derb. & Leic.|Ashby  6|M. Bosworth 7|
+    40|Appleby[B]     m.t. & pa|  Westmor    |Brough 8|Penrith    14|
+   +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Atherstone           7|  112|   1150|
+    40|Appleby[B]     m.t. & pa|Orton                9|  270|   1459|
+   +--+------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of
+Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school
+for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.
+
+
+[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is
+almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the
+site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since
+the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen,
+and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum
+without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament,
+but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been
+assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it suffered
+seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its
+former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad
+street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of
+which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon
+origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market
+houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic
+building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall
+and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross.
+Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which
+were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a
+borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in
+this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the
+mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to
+the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present
+neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with
+three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.
+Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be
+noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de
+Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of
+Ossory, in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College,
+Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was
+vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out,
+and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as
+Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should
+want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to
+all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the
+Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at
+Queen's College, Oxford, and entitled to participate in five exhibitions
+of £60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady
+Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the
+celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the
+Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the
+marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family
+of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which
+is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the
+former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks
+of the Parliamentary Army, under the influence of its owner, the
+aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church
+of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady,
+contains a noble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best
+supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little
+trade, and no manufacture of importance.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday--_Mail_ arrives at 1-1/2 A.M., departs 11-3/4
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &c; November 24, for
+   sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by the Scots.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent characters born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Appleby castle.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.       | County.  |   Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+    11|Appledore              pa|Devon     |Bideford    2|Torrington   11|
+    21|Appledore[A]    m.t. & pa|Kent      |Tenterden   4|New Romney    7|
+    38|Appledram              pa|Sussex    |Chichester  2|Portsmouth   16|
+    16|Appledurcombe         ham|Hants     |Newport     6|Niton         3|
+     5|Appleford            chap|Berks     |Abingdon    4|Dorchester    3|
+    16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Hants     |Ludgershall 4|Andover       5|
+    40|Applethwaite[C]        to|Westmor   |Ambleside   5|Bowness       3|
+     4|Appleton[D]       to & pa|Berks     |Abingdon    5|Oxford        6|
+    22|Appleton               to|Lancashire|Warrington  7|Prescot       5|
+    44|Appleton               to|N.R. York |Catterick   3|Richmond      4|
+    43|Appleton-le-Moors      to|N.R. York |Pickering   5|Kirkby        3|
+    43|Appleton-le-Street     to|N.R. York |New Malton  4|Pickering     7|
+    46|Appleton Roebuck       to|N.R. York |York        7|Selby         8|
+    44|Appleton on Wisk       to|N.R. York |Yarm        7|Northallerton 7|
+    30|Appletree             ham|Northamp  |Banbury     7|Daventry     10|
+    44|Appletrewick[E]        to|N.R. York |Skipton     8|Settle       16|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.       |   Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+    11|Appledore              pa|Barnstaple             7|  204|     1450|
+    21|Appledore[A]    m.t. & pa|Rye                    6|   61|      698|
+    38|Appledram              pa|Petersfield           13|   64|      188|
+    16|Appledurcombe         ham|Shanklin               3|   91|      ...|
+     5|Appleford            chap|Wallingford            6|   52|      179|
+    16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Salisbury             13|   68|      355|
+    40|Applethwaite[C]        to|Kendall                8|  270|      417|
+     4|Appleton[D]       to & pa|Wantage               10|   61|      447|
+    22|Appleton               to|Liverpool             11|  195|     1439|
+    44|Appleton               to|Bedale                 6|  228|       83|
+    43|Appleton-le-Moors      to|Helmsley               8|  231|      269|
+    43|Appleton-le-Street     to|York                  18|  218|      860|
+    46|Appleton Roebuck       to|Tadcaster              5|  189|      638|
+    44|Appleton on Wisk       to|Darlington            11|  232|      553|
+    30|Appletree             ham|Southam                9|   77|       83|
+    44|Appletrewick[E]        to|Burnsall               1|  224|      425|
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the
+hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime
+consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly
+inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is
+very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort,
+which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the
+year 893.
+
+   _Market_. Tuesday.--_Fairs_. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle
+   and pedlery.
+
+[Sidenote: Principally inhabited by Graziers.]
+
+
+[B] APPLESHAW.--Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill
+Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.
+
+
+[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere
+belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject only to
+a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes
+composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red
+char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes
+of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets
+during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to
+different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand
+regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families
+of the first distinction.
+
+[Sidenote: Lake of Winandermere.]
+
+[Sidenote: Grand Regatta.]
+
+
+[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician
+and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20
+years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published
+a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian
+Apollo, and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy
+Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed
+Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the
+doctrine of the Transmutation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of
+which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the
+universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly
+and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of the learned Edmund Dickinson]
+
+
+[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder
+of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good conduct arose
+from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London--a proof
+of the advantages attendant on industry.
+
+[Sidenote: House of Craven.]
+
+  Map| Names of Places.              | County. |   Number of Miles From   |
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
+    4|Arborfield[A]                to|Berks    |Wokingham 5|Swallowfield 3|
+   22|Arbury                       to|Lancaster|Newton    3|Warrington   2|
+    7|Arclid                       to|Chester  |Sandbach  2|Congleton    5|
+   45|Arden                        to|W.R. York|Thirsk   10|Stokesley   11|
+   38|Ardingley[B]                 pa|Sussex   |Cuckfield 4|E. Grinstead 7|
+    4|Ardington                    pa|Berks    |Wantage   3|Abingdon     8|
+   14|Ardleigh                     pa|Essex    |Colchester 5|Manningtree 4|
+   31|Ardley                       pa|Oxford   |Bicester  4|Middleton    3|
+   45|Ardsley                      to|W.R. York|Barnsley  2|Wakefield   11|
+   45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|W.R. York|Wakefield 5|Leeds        6|
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+  Map| Names of Places.              |Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+    4|Arborfield[A]                to|Reading             4|   36|     268|
+   22|Arbury                       to|Liverpool          18|  186|     280|
+    7|Arclid                       to|Middlewich          6|  162|      79|
+   45|Arden                        to|Kirkby             10|  227|     130|
+   38|Ardingley[B]                 pa|Crawley             7|   33|     587|
+    4|Ardington                    pa|East Ilsley         7|   57|     404|
+   14|Ardleigh                     pa|Dedham              2|   56|    1545|
+   31|Ardley                       pa|Aynhoe              5|   58|     170|
+   45|Ardsley                      to|Rotherham           8|  172|    1029|
+   45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|Huddersfield       11|  187|    2303|
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the
+church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the
+Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of
+the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family
+was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly
+Mogg.
+
+   _Fair_, October 5, cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Molly Mogg.]
+
+
+[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the ancient
+families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a tomb to the
+memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the beginning of
+the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture with that of
+his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated
+herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after
+receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed
+to an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about
+1642. He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing
+them of deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their
+"Dispensary," giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug,
+and the complaints in which they were used. He was also author of the
+"Herbal," which is written with much clearness, and distinctly
+explained. It passed through many editions. From the tenor of his
+writings, it may be gathered that he joined or at least favoured the
+Jesuits.
+
+   _Fair_, May 30, Pedlary.
+
+[Sidenote: Culpepper, the herbalist and astrologer.]
+
+
+[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was
+remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which
+for some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive
+severity of the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son
+of an industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the
+cultivation of his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married,
+and removed into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the
+breaking out of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the
+parliament army, and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first
+under Lord Fairfax, and afterwards as quarter-master in major-general
+Lambert's troop in Scotland; till, being disabled by sickness, he
+returned home about the year 1649. At this time he was a member of the
+Independent party, and continued so till the year 1651, when the
+preaching of George Fox made him a convert to the communion of the
+Quakers, as they are called. Among them he soon commenced preacher, and,
+according to their judgment, acquitted himself well both in speaking and
+writing.
+
+[Sidenote: J. Nayler, the Quaker, a remarkable fanatic;]
+
+[Sidenote: becomes a soldier.]
+
+In the beginning of the following year he imagined he heard a voice,
+calling upon him to renounce his kindred and his father's house, and go
+into the west, promising that God would be with him. In obedience to
+this voice, which he believed to be the voice of God, he went about
+preaching from place to place, and greatly increased the numbers of the
+new sect. Towards the close of the year 1654, or early in 1655, he came
+to London, where he found a meeting of Friends which had been
+established by Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill, among whom he so
+greatly distinguished himself by his preaching, that many drew invidious
+comparisons between him and his brethren, which created uneasiness and
+differences in the society. To such a length did these proceed, that
+some women, admirers of Nayler, assumed the liberty of interrupting and
+disputing with Howgill and Burrough in the midst of their preachings,
+and thus disturbed the peace of the meetings. For this conduct they were
+reproved by these preachers; upon which they complained so loudly and
+passionately to Nayler, that he was weak enough to take their part, and
+was so intoxicated with their flattering praises, that he became
+estranged from his best friends, who strongly disapproved of and
+lamented his conduct. In the year 1658 we find him in Devonshire, where
+he was committed to Exeter jail for propagating his opinions. Here he
+received letters from some of his female admirers and others, written in
+the most extravagant strains, calling him the everlasting Son of
+righteous--the Prince of peace--the only begotten Son of God--the
+fairest among ten thousand, &c., and some of his followers kneeled
+before him in the prison, and kissed his feet. It is but justice,
+however, to the Quakers in general to mention, that they had now
+disowned Nayler and his adherents.
+
+[Sidenote: Committed to Exeter Jail for blasphemy.]
+
+Soon afterwards Nayler was released from imprisonment, and intended to
+return to London, but, taking Bristol in his way, as he passed through
+Glastonbury and Wells, his deluded attendants strewed their garments
+before him. When they came to Bedminster, about a mile from Bristol,
+they carried their extravagance to the highest pitch; for they formed a
+procession in imitation of our Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem, in
+which a man walked bare-headed before Nayler, and a woman led his horse,
+while other women spread their scarfs and hankerchiefs in the road, and
+the company sung, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts; Hosanna in
+the highest! holy, holy is the Lord God of Israel!" In this manner these
+mad people made their entrance into Bristol, marching through the mire
+and dirt, to the amazement of some, and the diversion of others; but the
+magistrates thought proper to interfere, and, after what had passed,
+committed them to prison. Soon afterwards they were sent to London and a
+committee was appointed by parliament to examine witnesses against
+Nayler, upon a charge of blasphemy, for admitting religious worship to
+be paid ti him, and for assuming the names and incommunicable titles and
+attributes of our blessed Saviour. Before the committee, he did not deny
+what was alleged concerning the extraordinary proceeding in Exeter jail,
+and at his entrance into Bristol; while defending himself by maintaining
+that the honours which he received were not shown to him, but to Christ
+who dwelt within him; and if they were offered to any other than to
+Christ, he disowned them.
+
+[Sidenote: Extravagant conduct of his admirers.]
+
+However, the committee having made a report to the house on the fifth of
+December, declaring the charge well founded, on the following day he was
+sent for, and heard at the bar; and on the eighth they resolved that
+"James Nayler is guilty of horrid blasphemy, and that he is a grand
+impostor, and a great seducer of the people." The next business to be
+determined on was, the nature of the punishment to be inflicted on him;
+which occupied the debate of the house, both on forenoons and
+afternoons, till the 16th of December, many members being for putting
+him to death, (and losing their vote, as secretary Thurloe informs us,
+only by fourteen voices,) while many other members totally disapproved
+of the severity which was used against him. At length, on the following
+day, after a considerable debate, the majority came to the resolution,
+"That James Nayler be set in the pillory, in the Palace-yard,
+Westminster, during the space of two hours, on Thursday next; and be
+whipt by the hangman through the streets from Westminster to the Old
+Exchange, and there likewise be set with his head in the pillory, for
+the space of two hours, between the hours of eleven and one on Saturday
+next; in each place wearing a paper, containing an inscription of his
+crimes: And that at the Old Exchange, his tongue be bored through with a
+hot iron; and that he be there also stigmatized in the forehead with the
+letter B: That he be afterwards sent to Bristol, and be conveyed into
+and through the said city on horseback, with his face backward, and
+there also publicly whipt the next market-day after he comes thither:
+And that from thence he be committed to prison in Bridewell, London, and
+there to labour hard till he be released by parliament; and, during that
+time, be debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper, and shall have no
+relief but what he earns by his daily labour."
+
+[Sidenote: Condemned by the House of Commons for blasphemy.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cruel sentence--his tongue bored with a hot iron.]
+
+On the eighteenth of December, the first part of it was carried into
+execution with the greatest rigour; but he was brought into a state of
+such extreme weakness by his cruel whipping, that, upon repeated
+applications to the parliament, his punishment was respited for one
+week. The Protector was then addressed, and wrote a letter to the house,
+which, though it occasioned some debate, obtained no resolution in
+favour of the prisoner. On this the petitioners presented a second
+address to Cromwell; but, it is said the influence of the ministers
+prevented its effect.
+
+[Sidenote: His punishment respited]
+
+On the twenty-seventh of December, the remainder of Nayler's sentence
+was executed at the Old Exchange. Afterwards he was sent to Bristol,
+where he was publicly whipt, from the middle of Thomas-street, over the
+bridge to Broad-street. From Bristol, he was brought back to Bridewell,
+London, where he was confined about two years; during which his mind
+recovered from the frenzy which had governed it, and he felt deep
+humiliation and sincere repentance on account of his past conduct.
+
+After the protector's death, Nayler was released from prison, and went
+to Bristol, where, in a public meeting, he made a confession of his
+offence and fall, in a manner so affecting as to draw tears from most of
+those who were present, and having afforded satisfactory evidence of his
+unfeigned contrition, was again received into the communion of his
+friends.
+
+[Sidenote: His contrition and death.]
+
+Nayler did not long survive his enlargement, for having left London in
+October 1660, with the intention of going home to his wife and children
+at Wakefield, he was taken ill in Huntingdonshire, where, it is said, he
+was robbed and left bound in a field. Whether he received any personal
+injury is not known, but being found towards evening by a countryman, he
+was carried to a friend's house, at Holm, near King's Ripon, where he
+expired in the month of December, when about 44 years of age. The
+expressions uttered by him about two hours before his death, both in
+justice to his name, which is so conspicuous in the history of the
+reveries of the human imagination, and on account of their own
+excellence, ought not to be omitted in the memoirs of his life.
+
+"There is a spirit which I feel," said he, "that delights to do no evil,
+nor to revenge any wrong, but delights to endure all things, in hopes to
+enjoy its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all wrath and
+contention, and to weary out all exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is
+of a nature contrary to itself. It sees to the end of all temptation: as
+it bears no evil in itself, so it conceives none in thoughts to any
+other. If it be betrayed, it bears it, for its ground and spring is the
+mercies and forgiveness of God. Its crown is meekness, its life is
+everlasting love unfeigned, and takes its kingdom with entreaty and not
+with contention, and keeps it by lowliness of mind."
+
+His writings were collected together, and published in an octavo volume
+in 1716.
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    22|Ardwick      chap|Lancaster|Manchester  1|Stockport   6|
+    42|Areley, Kings  pa|Worcester|Bewdley     4|Kiddermin.  5|
+    35|Areley, Upper  pa|Worcester|Bewdley     3|Kiddermin.  5|
+    46|Argam          pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 5|Hunmanby    3|
+    45|Arkendale    chap|W.R. York|Knaresboro' 3|Boro'bridge 4|
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|  Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    22|Ardwick      chap|Ashton                6|  182|   5524|
+    42|Areley, Kings  pa|Worcester            11|  122|    372|
+    35|Areley, Upper  pa|Stourbridge          10|  131|    735|
+    46|Argam          pa|Gt. Driffield        12|  211|     29|
+    45|Arkendale    chap|Ripley                6|  203|    260|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |   Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    45|Arkengarth-Dale[A]   |W.R. York |Richmond    11|Askrigg     7|
+    14|Arkesden           pa|Essex     |Saff. Walden 7|Chesterford 7|
+    23|Arkholm     to & chap|Lancaster |Kirby Lonsd  5|Lancaster  10|
+    45|Arksey             pa|W.R. York |Doncaster    2|Thorne      8|
+     9|Arlecdon           pa|Cumberland|Whitehaven   5|Workington  7|
+    39|Arfey              pa|Warwick   |Nuneaton     6|Atherstone  6|
+    16|Arlingham          pa|Gloucester|Newnham      3|Gloucester 12|
+    11|Arlington          pa|Devon     |Barnstaple   6|Ilfracomb   8|
+    15|Arlington          to|Gloucester|Fairford     4|Cirencester 6|
+    38|Arlington          pa|Sussex    |Hailsham     4|Lewes       9|
+     3|Arlsey[B]          pa|Bedford   |Baldock      4|Shefford    3|
+     9|Armathwaite[C]   chap|Cumberland|Carlisle    10|Kirk Oswald 5|
+    46|Armin            chap|W.R. York |Snaith       6|Howde       3|
+    27|Armingall          pa|Norfolk   |Norwich      3|Bungay     12|
+    35|Armitage[D]        pa|Stafford  |Rugeley      2|Abbots Brom 5|
+    45|Armley[E]          to|W.R. York |Leeds        2|Bradford    7|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+    45|Arkengarth-Dale[A]   |Reeth                   3|  245|   1446|
+    14|Arkesden           pa|Royston                 7|   40|    490|
+    23|Arkholm     to & chap|Burton                  4|  250|    349|
+    45|Arksey             pa|Tickhill                8|  164|   1171|
+     9|Arlecdon           pa|Buttermere              9|  299|    475|
+    39|Arfey              pa|Coleshill               6|  100|    270|
+    16|Arlingham          pa|Stroudwater            11|  120|    744|
+    11|Arlington          pa|S. Molton              12|  193|    235|
+    15|Arlington          to|Northleach              7|   85|    333|
+    38|Arlington          pa|East Bourne             7|   62|    727|
+     3|Arlsey[B]          pa|Hitchen                 6|   41|    689|
+     9|Armathwaite[C]   chap|Penrith                 9|  292|    ...|
+    46|Armin            chap|Thorne                  9|  175|    567|
+    27|Armingall          pa|Blofield                6|  120|     88|
+    35|Armitage[D]        pa|Lichfield               6|  124|    977|
+    45|Armley[E]          to|Wakefield               9|  192|   5159|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ARKENGARTH-DALE contains lead mines, which were worked in the reign
+of King John, and they are still so valuable, that a few years ago the
+produce was estimated at 2000 tons annually; the inhabitants are chiefly
+miners.
+
+[Sidenote: Valuable lead mines.]
+
+
+[B] ARLSEY, or ARSLEY. This village was anciently a market town. In
+"Doomsday Book," (a book made by order of William the Conqueror, in
+which all the estates of the kingdom were registered;) its market on
+Wednesday is recorded, and the tolls valued at 10s. per annum. A fair
+was held here so long past as the year 1270; but both the market and
+fair have long been disused. An ancient entrenchment near the road to
+Baldock, called Etonbury, was probably the original site of the castle
+occupied by the Lords of the Manor. This castle appears to have a place
+of considerable strength. Amongst the ancient monuments in the church is
+one erected to the memory of Richard Edwards, who is called on his
+epitaph, the last Grand Reader of the Temple.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient entrenchment.]
+
+
+[C] ARMATHWAITE. Near this village is a castle, situated on the of the
+delightful river Eden, in a deep vale; the building from its monastic
+gloom, appears rather to have been calculated for seclusion than
+security. The front has been modernized, and is built of hewn stone. Its
+antiquity has not been ascertained, certain it is the Skeltons resided
+here as early as the reign of Henry VIII. The most romantic and
+picturesque scenery surrounds this lovely spot. A magnificent hill
+throws its solemn shade on the tranquil surface of the river, here
+broadened into a lake like form. Amongst other grand masses of rock is a
+projecting crag of a bold and grotesque form called the Cat Glent, the
+rendezvous of many wild inhabitants of the feline tribe; beyond these is
+a mill and a few sequestered cottages. From this spot the river Eden is
+no longer tranquil, but rushing down a cataract pours in sonorous
+violence over a bed of opposing rock, whose immovable crags whirl the
+stream into eddies as it passes them in its fury. Near this place a
+nunnery was established by William Rufus, who like other profligates,
+"trembled amidst his impiety," and was willing enough to secure a chance
+of heaven, provided it could be obtained by any other means than
+virtuous practice. At the dissolution of Monasteries, owing to the
+frequent hostilities between the Scots and English, their income
+amounted to only 18 guineas per annum.
+
+[Sidenote: Rendezvous of wild cats]
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery founded by William II.]
+
+
+[D] ARMITAGE is situated on the river Soar, in the hundred of Offlow,
+South, including the hamlet of Handsacre. The entrance to the church is
+very curiously built in the Saxon style, and the chapel is separated
+from the nave by a handsome arch. The Grand Trunk Canal passes through a
+very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, in this parish. The town
+received its name from having been the residence of a hermit.
+
+[Sidenote: A remarkable tunnel.]
+
+
+[E] ARMLEY. This township is in the parish of St. Patrick, and the
+liberty of Leeds. It is situated on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool
+Canal, and of the river Aire, on which there are a number of mills
+employed in various branches of the clothing trade. An object once of
+great antiquarian curiosity, called Giants Hill, which was a Danish
+fortification, is now scarcely traceable, in consequence of its having
+been cut through to form the Leeds and Liverpool canal.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.  | Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    42|Armscott           ham|Worcester |Shipston     3|Evesham     10|
+    28|Armston            ham|Northamp  |Oundle       3|Thrapston    7|
+    45|Armthorpe           pa|W.R. York |Doncaster    3|Thorne       7|
+    45|Arncliffe      to & pa|W.R. York |Settle       9|Askrigg     12|
+    31|Arncott           vill|Oxford    |Bicester     3|Oxford      17|
+    12|Arne                pa|Dorset    |Wareham      5|Poole        5|
+    23|Arnesby             pa|Leicester |Leicester    8|Lutterworth  9|
+    30|Arnold              pa|Nottingham|Nottingham   4|Mansfield   10|
+    16|Arreton             pa|Hants     |Newport      3|Ryde         6|
+     6|Arrington[A]        pa|Cambridge |Caxton       5|Cambridge   11|
+     7|Arrow               to|Chester   |Great Neston 6|Liverpool    5|
+    39|Arrow          to & pa|Warwick   |Alcester     1|Stratford    8|
+    45|Arthington          to|W.R. York |Otley        5|Wetherby     9|
+    28|Arthingworth        pa|Northamp  |Harborough   5|Rothwell     4|
+     9|Arthuret[B]         pa|Cumberland|Longtown     1|Gretna Green 4|
+    37|Arlington           ti|Surrey    |Guildford    1|Godalming    3|
+    38|Arundel[C]  bo to & pa|Sussex    |Chichester  10|Bognor       7|
+    26|Arvans, St.    to & pa|Monmouth  |Chepstow     3|Tintern Abb. 3|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+    42|Armscott           ham|Alcester               13|   86|     130|
+    28|Armston            ham|Peterboro'             13|   77|      25|
+    45|Armthorpe           pa|Bawtry                  7|  162|     368|
+    45|Arncliffe      to & pa|Middleham              15|  231|     964|
+    31|Arncott           vill|Woodstock              11|   54|     ...|
+    12|Arne                pa|Corfe Castle            5|  110|     171|
+    23|Arnesby             pa|Harborough             10|   93|     442|
+    30|Arnold              pa|Oxton                   4|  128|    4054|
+    16|Arreton             pa|Niton                   7|   83|    1864|
+     6|Arrington[A]        pa|Royston                11|   49|     254|
+     7|Arrow               to|Chester                18|  200|      91|
+    39|Arrow          to & pa|Henley in Ar.           8|  103|     466|
+    45|Arthington          to|Leeds                   7|  198|     360|
+    28|Arthingworth        pa|Northamp               11|   77|     225|
+     9|Arthuret[B]         pa|Carlisle                7|  310|    2903|
+    37|Arlington           ti|Farnham                10|   31|     ...|
+    38|Arundel[C]  bo to & pa|Worthing.              10|   55|    2803|
+    26|Arvans, St.    to & pa|Monmouth               10|  138|     304|
+   +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ARRINGTON. This village was anciently called Ermington. It is near
+Lord Hardwicke's Park. At this place, in the year 1721, the skeletons of
+sixteen human bodies were found in digging for a water course, within
+two feet of the surface of the ground. Some pieces of iron much rusted,
+conjectured to have been pieces of swords were also found. It is
+supposed the skeletons were the remains of persons who had been killed
+in endeavouring to obtain possession of the pass over the river Cam,
+during the civil wars.
+
+[Sidenote: Sixteen skeletons found here.]
+
+
+[B] ARTHURET. This village is situated on a point of land which in early
+times was said to have been called Arthur's Head, from whence the name
+is derived. In this place was both born and buried, Archibald Armstrong,
+Jester to both King James I., and Charles I. By an incident suitable to
+his profession, his funeral took place on "All Fools Day," the first of
+April. He was banished the court for speaking too freely of Archbishop
+Laud's measure of introducing the Liturgy into Scotland, which had
+produced a considerable tumult. On the arrival of the news of these
+riots in England, Archy facetiously asked his grace, "Who's the fool
+now." The joke was bitterly resented by the prelate, who procured an
+order of council to banish him from the court, for speaking
+disrespectful words of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This parish is
+bounded partly by Solway Frith, and forms part of the debateable lands
+so celebrated in Scottish history; these lands and the celebrated Solway
+Moss, we shall have occasion to speak further of in the course of the
+work.
+
+[Sidenote: A merry jester buried on "All Fool's Day."]
+
+
+[C] ARUNDEL, is situated on the declivity of a hill, on the north bank
+of the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It consists of two
+principal streets, one of which runs north and south, and the other
+westward from the point of the union. Many of the houses are built in
+the castellated style. The church, situated at the north end of the
+town, originally belonged to a priory of Benedictines, and is supposed
+to have been founded soon after the conquest of Roger de Montgomery,
+Earl of Arundel. It is a handsome gothic building with transepts, from
+the centre of which rises a square tower, with a wooden spire. Some
+beautiful monuments of the Earls of Arundel may be seen; and one, more
+magnificent than the rest, is of alabaster, a calcareous earth, which
+differs from marble, in being combined not with carbonic, but with
+sulphuric acid. This monument is erected to the memory of Thomas
+Fitz-Alan, and Beatrice, his countess, a daughter of John, King of
+Portugal. The charter by which the town is governed, was granted by
+Queen Elizabeth. It formerly sent two members, but by the Reform Bill,
+it now sends but one; the ten pound householders are calculated at 380.
+The borough comprises the parish of Arundel and the returning officer is
+the mayor. Here was formerly a harbour sufficient to contain vessels of
+one hundred tons burthen, but it has suffered great damage by the sea.
+Great quantities of timber for ship building, are still shipped from
+this place, which has but little trade, yet it is much benefitted in
+summer by the numerous visitors who resort to it for sea bathing. Of the
+castle, which stands on the north-east side of the town, mention is
+first made in the will of King Alfred, who bequeathed it, with the town,
+to his nephew Adhelm. A popular tradition ascribes the foundation of it
+to Beris, "a giant of ancient times," in confirmation of which opinion a
+tower is still pointed out, called Beris Tower. The Conqueror gave it to
+his kinsman Roger de Montgomery, whom he also created Earl of Arundel,
+which title belonged to three persons of this family, till Robert
+Bellesme was outlawed by Henry I. for the assistance he gave to that
+monarch's brother, Robert. The castle was then settled on Queen Adeliza,
+who, after the death of her royal consort, gave her hand to William de
+Albini, one of the most accomplished men of his age. Here the
+dowager-queen performed the rites of hospitality towards the Empress
+Maud, in the attempt of that princess to ascend the throne. The last
+male heir of the name of Albini, died in 1243, when the castle and manor
+of Arundel fell to his sister, Isabel, whose husband, John Fitz-Alan,
+made the castle his residence, and assumed the title of Earl of Arundel.
+The fourth in descent from him forfeited his life and estates, in the
+attempt to ruin the Despensers, favourites of Edward II.; but the
+estates were restored to his son, whose successor, in the reign of
+Richard II., being accused of a conspiracy to seize the king, and put to
+death the lords of the council, was beheaded; the king presiding at the
+execution. His son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, was reinstated by Henry IV.; but,
+he dying without issue, in 1415, the castle devolved to his cousin, Sir
+John Fitz-Alan, who laid claim to, and obtained the title, on which an
+act was passed, that the possession of this castle and honour conferred
+the dignity of Earl without creation. The last Fitz-Alan died in the 22d
+of Elizabeth, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas Howard, Duke of
+Norfolk, thus carrying the earldom and estate into that family, to whom
+they still belong.
+
+[Sidenote: Beautiful monuments in the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Quantities of Sussex oak shipped from this place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition ascribes the foundation of the castle to a giant.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king presided at the execution of one of its lords.]
+
+Concerning the true period of the foundation of this castle, many
+conjectures have been entertained. On account of the bricks inserted in
+the walls of the keep, it has been attributed to the Romans; but such a
+proof is not allowed by the best antiquaries. Its pretensions to the era
+of the Saxon kings are more explicit. The more ancient parts are the
+keep or citadel, and the towers which flank the gateway, and connect the
+whole by means of a sally port. The keep stands upon an artificial
+mound, the height of which, from the fosse, is one hundred and ten feet
+on one side, and eighty on the other. Of its external wall, the height
+is thirty feet, supported by projecting ribs or buttresses. It is eight
+feet thick, with a wall on the inside, guarded by a parapet as many feet
+high. The diameter of the room which is faced with Norman or Caen stone,
+is sixty-seven feet by fifty-nine. There are also Roman bricks placed in
+the herring-bone fashion, which is observable in most Saxon buildings.
+In the centre is a subterraneous room and passage; and in a tower
+attached to the keep, is a well three hundred feet deep. The approach is
+by a time-worn staircase, and over a narrow pass, commanding the
+entrance to the building, which bears the marks of a portcullis. The
+more ancient one towards the east still retains a very rich Saxon
+door-case. In the tower above the present entrance, was a small chapel
+or oratory, dedicated to St. George. The tower and gateway facing the
+base court of the castle are apparently co-temporary with the keep. The
+other towers are built with flint. The dungeons are on the right and
+left of the gateway. They consist of eight wards, protected by a
+draw-bridge from the castle moat. The lower wards are very deep, and
+partly filled up with rubbish. The foundation walls of these dungeons
+are not known, although efforts have been employed to discover the
+length and depth of these frightful abodes. The Empress Maud's
+apartments are in the tower, above the old gateway. They consist of
+three bed-rooms. The Saxon keep may justly be termed the ivy-mantled
+tower, for the walls are literally covered with its leaves. The late
+Duke of Norfolk was very partial to this retired spot. Here are several
+remarkably curious owls, elegant, and extremely large; some of them
+measuring across the wings, from eight to ten feet. Their plumage is
+particularly beautiful, and their eyes brilliant. The late duke
+purchased them from North America. There are many traces of ancient
+remains about the keep or tower. The spot where the boilers stood, for
+the purpose of melting the lead to pour down upon the besiegers, and
+those used for culinary purposes, are still visible. The marks of cannon
+balls discharged against the tower during the siege of the parliamentary
+forces, are observable in many places. The ground plan of the present
+castle nearly resembles that of Windsor Castle, in the exact proportion
+of nine to fourteen. When the late Duke of Norfolk took possession, the
+castle was little better than a heap of ruins, but his Grace has
+restored it to its original magnificence. The building is of free-stone,
+from the quarries in Yorkshire; and those of a brown cast were carefully
+selected, in order that they might assimilate in colour with the old
+remains. The new walls have risen upon the ancient model, and correspond
+with the old ones in solidity of fabric, as well as dignity of ornament.
+An entire new front of massy stone, which differs materially from the
+others, particularly in exhibiting the insignia of the Howards, mixed
+with those of their predecessors, and two colossal figures of liberty
+and hospitality, ornament the grand entrance. In raising this front, the
+late duke had the opportunity of enlarging the mansion, and gaining the
+space now occupied on the basement story, by a long range of servants'
+offices, including a new kitchen, with two fire places, bake-house,
+scullery, the steward's and housekeeper's rooms, &c. The cellars are of
+immense length. The duke weekly employed from 100 to 200 labourers,
+mechanics, and artists, in the improvement and decorations of this noble
+edifice, for upwards of twenty-five years. The arrangements were formed
+entirely from his own ideas, and in the progress of the plan, he was
+exclusively his own architect. On the west wing is a beautiful
+sculptured basso relievo historical representation of King Alfred
+receiving the report of the jury, as established in his reign. The
+costume and draperies are finely carved in stone. The interior of the
+castle is fitted up with great taste and effect. The richest mahogany
+has been used in almost every decoration. The walls being more than six
+feet thick, form a kind of frame for each window, which is five feet
+deep on the inside, and the whole of this spacious case is lined with
+mahogany. The window frames which hold the magnificent plate glass
+panes, three feet each in height, are of the same material; and the
+solid mahogany doors are held in cases of the thickness of the inner
+walls, perhaps, four feet deep, all lined with pannels of the richest
+grain.
+
+[Sidenote: The great antiquity of the castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: The castle dungeons of remarkable depth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable owls]
+
+[Sidenote: The late Duke of Norfolk restored the castle to its ancient
+magnificence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Employed from 100 to 200 labourers for 25 years.]
+
+In the Barons room the following inscription appears:--
+
+    "CHARLES HOWARD, DUKE OF NORFOLK,
+
+            EARL OF ARUNDEL,
+
+       in the year of Christ, 1806,
+       in the 60th year of his age,
+           dedicated this stone
+   To Liberty, asserted by the Barons,
+          in the reign of John."
+
+On the 15th of June, 1815, a great festival took place for celebrating
+the centenary of the signing of Magna Charta. There was a splendid
+assemblage of the nobility and persons of distinction. Complete suits of
+ancient armour, with swords and spears, forged in ancient times, and for
+very different purposes, were either suspended from, or hung around the
+walls; and every adventitious aid was adopted to give state and majesty
+to this celebration of the magnanimous conduct of the Barons of England.
+Nearly three hundred distinguished guests sat down. The head of the
+table was ornamented with a noble baron of beef, surmounted by the ducal
+coronet, and the banners of the illustrious house of Norfolk.
+
+[Sidenote: Festival to celebrate the signing of Magna Charter held
+here.]
+
+The castle occupies a mile in circumference, and the beautiful domains
+which surround this magnificent structure, are more than seven miles and
+a half in circumference, enclosed with a strong fence railing. The
+grounds are well laid out, in gardens, shrubberies, and plantations.
+There are three agreeable towers in the park; High Horn, commanding an
+extensive prospect; and Mount Pleasant, covered with ivy, overlooking
+the beautiful vale of Sussex. The late duke built another tower, facing
+the road to Petworth, called the White Ways. The castle is open to the
+inspection of visitors on the first Sunday in the month after divine
+service, and on every Monday in the year.
+
+[Sidenote: The times when the castle may be inspected by visitors.]
+
+When the buildings on the Norfolk estate adjoining the Strand, London,
+were erected, it was legally settled, that the whole of the rents,
+should be expended for the sole purpose of keeping up Arundel Castle;
+this has always been acted upon. The original rents having long since
+fallen in--and the increased income that has been produced by that
+cause, joined to the general increase of rents in that quarter, has been
+so great, that it now requires very great ingenuity to contrive the
+means of laying out all that money according to the directions of the
+original entail; and this is the real cause of the magnificent style in
+which that ancient baronial castle is still supported. The estate thus
+mentioned, comprises the whole of Surrey-street, Arundel-street,
+Howard-street, and Norfolk-street, which are the entire property of the
+Norfolk family.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 7.40. A.M.,
+   departs 5.30. P.M.--_Fairs_, May 14, cattle and hogs; August 21,
+   hogs, cattle, and sheep; September 25, cattle and sheep; December 17,
+   cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday in every month for
+   cattle.--_Bankers_, Henty and Co., draw on Lubbock and Co.; Hopkins
+   and Co., draw on Williams and Co.--_Inns_, Crown, and Norfolk Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Estates in London devoted to keep it in repair.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County.|  Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+    40|Asaph, St.[A] city & pa|Denbigh |Holywell 10|Abergeley 7|
+    40|Asby[B]              pa|Westmor |Appleby   5|Orton     5|
+    39|Ascote      ex. pa. ham|Warwick |Southam   2|Warwick   9|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+    40|Asaph, St.[A] city & pa|Holyhead          57|  208| 3144|
+    40|Asby[B]              pa|Brough             9|  273|  436|
+    39|Ascote      ex. pa. ham|Kineton            8|   82|   12|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] ST. ASAPH. This city is seated on the decline of a pleasant
+eminence, between the rivers Clwyd and Elwy, which renders the first
+appearance striking, though it contains little more than one street. The
+church stands in the lower part of the town, and serves for the use of
+the parishioners, the cathedral not being used for parochial purposes;
+the latter was built about the close of the fifteenth century; it
+consists of a choir, a nave, two aisles, and a transept. During the
+protectorship of Cromwell the palace and cathedral were much injured by
+the post-master, who made great havoc in the choir of the cathedral,
+using the font as a trough for watering his horses; and by way of
+venting his spleen on the clergy, tied up calves in the bishop's throne.
+Several very eminent men have been bishops of St. Asaph, including Dr.
+Isaac Barrow, William Beveridge, and Samuel Horsley, the former of whom
+founded an alms-house for eight poor widows. Bishop Hughes, who died
+1600, founded, and endowed the Free Grammar School. The neighbourhood
+possesses several land proprietors who have given great encouragement to
+agriculture, amongst whom may be included Dean Shipley, who stimulated
+the practical farmers to emulation, by premiums, and other
+encouragement. To this spirited dignitary, so well known in the history
+of the law of libel, a very handsome monument has been erected in the
+cathedral.
+
+   _Market_ Saturday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, July 15, October 16,
+   December 26, for cattle.--_Inn_, White Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: The font of the cathedral used for watering horses.]
+
+
+[B] ASBY, once called Askeby. This parish consists of four manors. The
+church is ancient, its beauty has been much disfigured by repairs; it
+has even been diminished in size, as appears by an arch now filled up in
+the north wall. At Sayle Bottom are several tumuli--some circular,
+others rectangular. At Garthorne Hall, a tumulus was found to contain
+human bones and a large sword, and another containing three entire
+skulls. Pate Hole, in this parish, is a remarkable cavern in a limestone
+rock, consisting of two galleries, one 430 yards long, towards the north
+east, the other, 230 yards long, making a large sweep from the extremity
+of the first to its middle; together, they resemble the letter P. At the
+end of the first gallery is a lofty dome, and a pool 20 yards long, 6
+broad, and 3 deep; and in the second are two perpendicular chasms of
+unknown extent, from whence proceed in rainy seasons torrents of water,
+which fill the cavern and discharge themselves from its entrance. The
+noise of these operations resemble at first gentle music, but increases
+to the pitch of the loudest. In one part is a petrifying spring, which
+always stands at one temperature.
+
+[Sidenote: Pate Hole, an immense cavern.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|County.|    Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+-------+------------+--------------+
+    39|Ascott        ham|Warwick|Shipston   7|L. Compton   3|
+    31|Ascott ham & chap|Oxford |Bensington 5|Dorchester   4|
+    39|Ascott         pa|Oxford |  ...      5|   ...       4|
+    34|Asgarby        pa|Lincoln|Sleaford   3|Tattershall 11|
+    24|Asgarby        pa|Lincoln|Spilsby    6|Horncastle   6|
+    10|Ash           ham|Derby  |Derby      7|Uttoxeter   11|
+    21|Ash            pa|Kent   |Wingham    3|Sandwich     3|
+    21|Ash            pa|Kent   |Farmingham 4|Gravesend    7|
+    37|Ash            pa|Surrey |Farnham    4|Bagshot      9|
+    16|Ash, or Ashe   pa|Hants  |Whitchurch 6|Basingstoke  7|
+    11|Ashe[A]       ham|Devon  |Colyton    2|Lyme         4|
+   +--+-----------------+-------+------------+--------------+
+                                             |Dist.   |
+   Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From|Lond.   |Population.
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------+--------+------+
+    39|Ascott        ham|Kineton           12|      78|   ...|
+    31|Ascott ham & chap|Oxford            10|      61|    97|
+    39|Ascott         pa|Oxford            10|      51|   419|
+    34|Asgarby        pa|Falkingham         8|     114|   146|
+    24|Asgarby        pa|Tattershall       10|     138|    57|
+    10|Ash           ham|Burton-on-T.       7|     136|    50|
+    21|Ash            pa|Ramsgate           8|      63|  2416|
+    21|Ash            pa|Wrotham            4|      20|   586|
+    37|Ash            pa|Godalming          8|      35|  2001|
+    16|Ash, or Ashe   pa|Kingsclere         6|      53|   114|
+    11|Ashe[A]       ham|Axminster          4|     148|   ...|
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------+--------+------+
+
+
+[A] ASHE is situated in Musbury parish, which lies in the hundred of
+Axminster, two miles east by north from Colyton. It is the birth place
+of the celebrated John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: this
+distinguished person was born here in the year 1650. He received only an
+indifferent education, for his father took him to court at the age of
+twelve years, when he became page, as his sister, Arabella, became
+mistress to the Duke of York. In 1660, he obtained a pair of colours in
+the Guards. His first service was at the siege of Tangier, and, on his
+return from thence, he became the favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland,
+who gave him £5,000 with which he purchased an annuity for life. He
+afterwards served under the great Turenne, who was so pleased with his
+person and bravery as to call him the handsome Englishman. At the siege
+of Maestricht he so distinguished himself, that the King of France
+publicly thanked him. On his return he was made lieutenant-colonel,
+gentleman of the bedchamber, and master of the robes to the Duke of
+York, whom he attended to Holland and Scotland; and about this time
+married Miss Jennings, maid of honour to the Princess, afterwards Queen
+Anne. In 1682, he was shipwrecked with the Duke of York, in their
+passage to Scotland, on which occasion his royal highness expressed the
+greatest anxiety to save his favourite. The same year he was made a
+peer, by the title of Baron Eymouth, in Scotland; and when James came to
+the crown, he was sent to France to notify the event. In 1685, he was
+created Lord Churchill, of Sandridge. The same year he suppressed
+Monmouth's rebellion, and took him prisoner. He continued to serve James
+with great fidelity, till the arrival of the Prince of Orange, and then
+left him, for which he has been stigmatized, and perhaps not unjustly,
+with base ingratitude. His own apology was a regard for the religion and
+constitution of his country. He was created Earl of Marlborough by King
+William in 1689, and appointed commander of the English army in the low
+countries. He next served in Ireland, and reduced Cork, with other
+strong places. In 1692, he was suddenly dismissed from his employments,
+and committed to the Tower: he was, however, very soon released, but the
+cause of this disgrace was never clearly explained. After the death of
+Queen Mary he was restored to favour; and at the close of that reign he
+had the command of the English forces in Holland, and the States chose
+him captain-general of their forces. On the commencement of the reign of
+Anne, he recommended a war with France, and his advice was adopted. In
+the first campaign of 1702, he took a number of strong towns,
+particularly Liege. In the following year he was created a Duke. In
+1704, he joined Prince Eugene, in conjunction with whom he conquered the
+French at Hochstedt, took Marshal Tallard prisoner, and brought him to
+England, with 26 other officers of rank, 121 standards, and 179 colours.
+He then received the grant of the manor of Woodstock. In 1706, he fought
+the famous battle of Ramilies. This battle accelerated the fall of
+Louvain, Brussels, and other important places. He arrived in England,
+and received fresh honours from the Queen and Parliament. Blenheim house
+was ordered to be built, and a pension of £5,000. a year was awarded
+him. In 1709, he defeated Marshal Villars at Malplaquet. In the year
+1711, he returned to England with additional laurels, but was soon after
+dismissed from his employments. To add to this unjust treatment, a
+prosecution was commenced against him for applying the public money to
+his private purposes. Indignant at such conduct, he went into voluntary
+banishment till 1714, when he landed at Dover, amidst the acclamations
+of the people. George I. restored him to his military employments, but
+he retired from his appointments to Windsor, and died in 1722. His
+remains were interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. His Duchess
+outlived him several years. She was a woman of a strong mind, but
+overbearing passions. Her letters have been printed, and display
+uncommon sagacity, blended with a great share of vanity. The mansion
+house in which the Duke was born, now in a state of ruin, was rebuilt
+shortly after the civil wars, by Sir John Drake, whose daughter had
+married Sir Winston Churchill.
+
+   _Fairs_, April 6, and Oct. 11, for pedlary.
+
+[Sidenote: The birth-place of the celebrated Duke of Marlboro'.]
+
+[Sidenote: He took Monmouth prisoner in the reign of James II.]
+
+[Sidenote: Created a Duke by Queen Anne.]
+
+[Sidenote: Blenheim house built for him.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in the 8th year of the reign of Geo. I.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.    | County.|  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+     4|Ashamstead       chap|Berks   |East Ilsley 5|Streatley    4|
+    31|Ashamstead       chap|Oxford  |Gt. Marlow  4|H. Wycombe   4|
+    36|Ash Bocking        pa|Suffolk |Needham     6|Ipswich      6|
+    10|Ashbourn[A] m.t. & pa|Derby   |Derby      13|Leek        16|
+    34|Ashbrittle         pa|Somerset|Wellington  6|Wiveliscombe 5|
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist|
+   Map| Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From |Lond|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+----------------------+----+---------+
+     4|Ashamstead       chap|Newbury              9|  49|      346|
+    31|Ashamstead       chap|Henley               6|  35|      ...|
+    36|Ash Bocking        pa|Woodbridge           8|  75|      234|
+    10|Ashbourn[A] m.t. & pa|Wirksworth           9| 139|     4756|
+    34|Ashbrittle         pa|Dulverton           10| 254|      635|
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBOURN is very pleasantly situated in a rich valley on the eastern
+side of the Dove, over which is a stone bridge. It is divided into two
+parts by a rivulet, which is called Henmore, the southern part of which
+is termed Compton, the ancient Campdene. From the descent of the hill on
+the Derby road, the view of the place as it presents itself embosomed
+amongst the hills is beautifully picturesque. It is a neat town, but
+there is nothing remarkable in its buildings. At the time of the
+conquest it was a royal manor, and subsequently became a part of the
+Duchy of Lancaster, until it was sold by Charles I. It is supposed that
+the church, which is dedicated to St. Oswald, was finished in the
+thirteenth century; in it are many monuments to the Cockaines,
+Bradburns, and Boothby's, successively possessors of the manors. Sir
+Thomas Cockaine and other natives, founded a Free Grammar School, in the
+reign of Elizabeth, for children of the town and neighbourhood, and also
+a second for the poorer class of children of both sexes. Here are also a
+chapel and a neat row of alms-houses, founded in 1800 by a native named
+Cooper, who made a fortune in London, for six poor men and women, and
+several other hospitals for decayed house-keepers, including one for the
+maintenance of four clergymen's widows. A very considerable trade is
+carried on here in cheese and malt, many horses and cattle are sold at
+its fairs. Much lace is made here, and a great many persons are employed
+in the iron and cotton factories in the neighbourhood. The romantic and
+beautiful glen of Dovedale is within a short distance. This town is one
+of the polling places for the southern division of the county.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--Mail arrives 11 A.M., departs 2-3/4
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, first Tuesday in January, and Feb. 13, for horses and
+   horned cattle, April 3, May 21, and July 5, for horses, horned
+   cattle, and wool. August 16, October 20, and November 29, for horses,
+   and horned cattle; the fairs for horses begin two or three days
+   before the fair-day.--_Inns_, Blackmoor's Head and Green
+   Man.--_Bankers_, Arkwright and Co.; drawn on Smith, Payne, and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: A royal manor of the Saxon Kings made part of the Duchy of
+Lancaster.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    38|Ashburnham[A]   pa|Sussex   |Battle      6|Hailsham   6|
+    11|Ashburton[B]     }|Devon    |Exeter     20|Torquay   13|
+      |    bo. m.t. & pa}|         |             |            |
+     4|Ashbury    to & pa|Berks    |Lambourn   16|Wantage   10|
+    11|Ashbury         pa|Devon    |Hatherleigh 5|Oakhampton 6|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Lincoln  |Gt. Grimsby 7|Caistor    9|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Lincoln  |Spilsby     2|Burgh      3|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Lincoln  |Sleaford    6|Lincoln   13|
+    24|Ashby           to|Lincoln  |Brigg       6|Epworth    7|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Norfolk  |Norwich     8|Acle       7|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Norfolk  |Acle        3|Norwich   12|
+    36|Ashby           pa|Suffolk  |Lowestoft   5|Yarmouth   8|
+    28|Ashby, Cold     pa|Northamp |Northamp   12|Daventry  10|
+    23|Ashby-de-la-Zouch}|Leicester|Leicester  18|Kegworth  10|
+      |  [C]   m.t. & pa}|         |             |            |
+   +--+------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. |  Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    38|Ashburnham[A]   pa|East Bourne          11|   55|    721|
+    11|Ashburton[B]     }|Totness               7|  192|   4165|
+      |    bo. m.t. & pa}|                       |     |       |
+     4|Ashbury    to & pa|Highworth             7|   70|    698|
+    11|Ashbury         pa|Launceston           14|  201|     74|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Louth                12|  160|    179|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Wainfleet             6|  134|    170|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Navenby               6|  121|    178|
+    24|Ashby           to|Gainsboro'           14|  157|    378|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Bungay                9|  116|     72|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Yarmouth              8|  125|     82|
+    36|Ashby           pa|Beccles               7|  119|     42|
+    28|Ashby, Cold     pa|Harborough           10|  78 |    385|
+    23|Ashby-de-la-Zouch}|M Bosworth           10|  115|   4727|
+      |  [C]   m.t. & pa}|                       |     |       |
+   +--+------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBURNHAM is in the hundred of Foxearle, and rape of Hastings. This
+village gives the name and title of Earl to the representatives of the
+ancient family of Ashburnham, who possessed this manor before the
+conquest. The shirt and white silk drawers in which Charles I. was
+executed, on the 30th of January, 1649, and also the watch which he gave
+to Mr. John Ashburnham, on the scaffold, are still preserved in the
+church, having been bequeathed by one of his descendants to the clerk of
+this parish for ever, and are exhibited as great curiosities.
+
+[Sidenote: Bequests of Charles I. made on the scaffold.]
+
+
+[B] ASHBURTON is situated in a valley encompassed by hills; it is about
+a mile from the river Dart, and consists principally of one long street,
+through which runs the high road from London to Plymouth. The houses are
+neat, and most of them covered with slate, of which there is abundance
+in the vicinity. The manor belonged to the crown in the reign of James
+I., but it has since passed through various private hands. The town,
+which is governed by a portreeve, chosen at the court leet and baron of
+the manor, is a borough by prescription, (that is to say, a custom
+continued until it has the force of law;) and was constituted one of the
+four stannary towns of Devon, by a charter of Edward I., in the
+twenty-sixth year of whose reign it sent two members to Parliament, but
+only returned members once subsequently until 1640, in which year its
+privilege was restored: by the late reform bill, it now returns but one
+member; the electors on the old constituency were 101, and £10
+householders 342. The portreeve is the returning-officer. The borough
+comprises the parish of Ashburton.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, first Thursday in March; first Thursday
+   in June; August 10; November 11, for horned cattle.--_Inns_, London
+   and Golden Lion.--_Mail_ arrives 5 P.M., departs 9-3/4 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: One of the four stannary towns of the county.]
+
+
+[C] ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH is situated in a fertile valley on the borders of
+Derbyshire, through which runs the small river Gilwiskaw. Its
+distinctive appellation is derived from the ancient family of the
+Zouches, who came into possession of the manor in the reign of Henry
+III. It afterwards devolved to the crown, by which it was granted to the
+noble family of Hastings, in right of whom the Marquis of that title
+still possesses it. The town is chiefly comprised in one street, from
+which branches several smaller ones. The church is a handsome ancient
+edifice, built of stone, consisting of a nave and two aisles, separated
+by four lofty arches, springing from fluted pillars. Here are also
+places of worship for the Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists,
+Presbyterians, and others. A free grammar school was founded in this
+town by Henry Earl of Huntingdon, in 1567; and another free school for
+26 boys, by Isaac Dawson, in 1669. The manufactures established here are
+chiefly those of cotton and woollen stockings, and hats. There is also a
+good trade in malt, and the fairs are celebrated for the sale of fine
+horses and cattle. The mansion at Ashby was remarkable for its magnitude
+and strength, and continued for 200 years the residence of the family of
+Sir William Hastings, knt., a particular favourite of Edward IV., who
+was elevated by that monarch to several offices of high trust and
+dignity. It stood on a rising ground, at the south end of the town, and
+was composed of brick and stone from the ruins of Ashby Castle.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Shrove-Monday, Easter Tuesday,
+   Whit-Tuesday, last Monday in September, November 10, for horses,
+   cows, and sheep.--_Bankers_, Fishers and Co.; draw upon Hoare,
+   Barnet, and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.30 morning; departs 4.0
+   afternoon.--_Inns_, Queen's Head, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient family gave their name to the town.]
+
+[Sidenote: A noble mansion constructed out of the ruins of Ashby
+Castle.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County. |   Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    23|Ashby Folville to & pa|Leicester|Melton Mow. 6|Leicester 10|
+    23|Ashby Magna         pa|Leicester|Lutterworth 4|Hinckley  11|
+    23|Ashby Parva         pa|Leicester|  ...       3|  ...      8|
+    24|Ashby Puerorum[A]   pa|Lincoln  |Spilsby     5|Alford     7|
+    28|Ashby St. Ledger[B] pa|Northamp |Daventry    4|Northamp  14|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    23|Ashby Folville to & pa|Houghton              6|  104|    391|
+    23|Ashby Magna         pa|Leicester            11|   93|    330|
+    23|Ashby Parva         pa|  ...                13|   92|    169|
+    24|Ashby Puerorum[A]   pa|Louth                10|  137|    101|
+    28|Ashby St. Ledger[B] pa|Welford               9|   76|    257|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBY PUERORUM. In the year 1804, a Roman sepulchre was discovered
+near this place, by a labourer who was cutting a ditch. It consisted of
+a stone chest, which laid 3 feet below the surface of the earth; the lid
+fitted nearly to the sides, hanging a little over the edge, so that when
+it was removed; no dirt of any kind was found to have gained admittance
+during a period of nearly two thousand years. The chest was formed of
+free stone, of a kind found in abundance on Lincoln Heath. The urn was
+of strong glass well manufactured, and of a greenish colour. The glass
+was as perfect and the surface as smooth as if just taken out of the
+fire. This receptacle of the ashes was nearly filled with small pieces
+of bone, many of which, from the effect of ignition, were white
+throughout the whole substance. Among the fragments was discovered a
+small lacrymatory, which had been broken, from the curiosity of the
+person who discovered it, to ascertain whether it contained any thing of
+value.
+
+[Sidenote: A very ancient urn of green glass found here.]
+
+
+[B] ASHBY ST. LEDGER is situated near a rivulet that flows into the
+river Nen. The additional name of St. Ledger is borrowed from the patron
+saint to whom the church is dedicated. This structure consists of a nave
+and aisles, with a tower and spire. At the upper end of the north aisle
+are still remaining the steps which led to the rude loft between the
+chancel and the nave. Here are three piscinas for holy water. Several
+ancient monumental inscriptions may be seen in the chancel. On an altar
+tomb within the communion rails, are the recumbent figures of a man and
+woman, with an inscription in black letter, commemorative of William
+Catesby and Margaret his wife, bearing date 1493. Catesby was one of the
+three families who ruled the nation under Richard's usurpation, and
+constituted the triumvirate which is alluded to in the old distich:--
+
+   The rat, and the cat, and Lovel the dog,
+   Do govern all England under the hog.
+
+The rat was Richard Ratcliff, the cat William Catesby, the dog Lord
+Lovel, and the hog for Richard, it being then the regal crest. William
+Catesby became a distinguished character; he was made esquire of the
+King's body; Chancellor of the Marshes for life; and one of the
+Chamberlains of the Exchequer. Being taken prisoner at the battle of
+Bosworth field, while fighting by his patron's side, he was conducted to
+Leicester, and beheaded as a traitor. At the eastern end of both aisles,
+are two places, formerly appropriated as places of sepulture for the two
+great Lords of Ashby. One of these belonged to the Catesby family; but
+most of the inscriptions are effaced. The manorial house of Ashby is a
+good old family mansion, occupied by the widow of the late John Ashby,
+Esq. A small room in the detached offices belonging to the house is
+still shown as having been the council-chamber, where the gunpowder-plot
+conspirators held their deliberations. Robert Catesby, one of the
+descendants of the family, was at the head of this conspiracy, for which
+he was tried, condemned, and executed; and his head, together with that
+of his father-in-law, Thomas Percie, who was involved in his guilt, were
+fixed on the top of the Parliament-house.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient monument of the Catesby family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Catesby taken prisoner at Bosworth field.]
+
+[Sidenote: The gunpowder plot conspirators met here.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  County. |  Number of Miles From
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    24|Ashby West         pa|Lincoln   |Horncastle   2|Louth       12|
+    15|Ashchurch          pa|Gloucester|Tewkesbury   1|Winchcombe   9|
+    11|Ashcombe[A]        pa|Devon     |Chudleigh    3|Exeter       9|
+    34|Ashcott          chap|Somerset  |Glastonbury  6|Bridgewater 10|
+    14|Ashdon or Ashingdon }|          |              |              |
+      |             to & pa}|Essex     |Saff. Walden 4|Haverhill    6|
+    14|Asheldam           pa|Essex     |Bradwell     4|Burnham      4|
+    15|Ashelworth         pa|Gloucester|Gloucester   5|Tewkesbury   8|
+    14|Ashen              pa|Essex     |Clare        2|Halstead     9|
+     5|Ashenden[B]        pa|Bucks     |Thame        6|Bicester    11|
+    36|Ashfield Great[C]  pa|Suffolk   |Stowmarket   7|Ixworth      5|
+    36|Ashfield-cum-Thorpe p|Suffolk   |Framlingham  6|Debenham     2|
+    10|Ashford[D]       chap|Derby     |Bakewell     2|Tideswell    6|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |    Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    24|Ashby West         pa|Wragby                 13|  138|     391|
+    15|Ashchurch          pa|Cheltenham              8|  103|     649|
+    11|Ashcombe[A]        pa|Teignmouth              6|  177|     320|
+    34|Ashcott          chap|Somerton                7|  129|     834|
+    14|Ashdon or Ashingdon }|                         |     |        |
+      |             to & pa}|Linton                  4|   45|    1103|
+    14|Asheldam           pa|Maldon                  9|   46|     144|
+    15|Ashelworth         pa|Newent                  7|  105|     540|
+    14|Ashen              pa|Haverhill               5|   54|     373|
+     5|Ashenden[B]        pa|Aylesbury               8|   46|     368|
+    36|Ashfield Great[C]  pa|Botesdale               8|   76|     408|
+    36|Ashfield-cum-Thorpe p|Eye                     9|   83|     375|
+    10|Ashford[D]       chap|Buxton                 10|  155|     782|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ASHCOMBE is a parish in the hundred of Exminster. Here is a mansion
+of Lord Arundel's, situated in a large amphitheatre of hills, richly
+wooded at their base, and at their summit often studded with herds of
+sheep or deer. The only entrance to this romantic dale is from the
+north, by a road, which though perfectly safe, falls precipitately down
+a narrow ridge of one of the hills.
+
+
+[B] ASHENDEN. This manor has been from time immemorial in the Grenville
+family. John Bucktot, a priest, gave the manor of Little Pollicott, to
+Lincoln College, in Oxford, about 1479; and what renders it particularly
+remarkable, is the circumstance of the manor house being used as a
+retiring place for the members of the college at the time of the plague.
+In Ashenden Church, is an ancient figure of a crusader, under an arch,
+rudely ornamented with foliage; which according to tradition, is the
+tomb of John Bucktot; this appears however to be erroneous, as it is
+evidently the tomb of a layman, and from the chevron on the shield, one
+of the Stafford family, anciently lords of Great Pollicott.
+
+[Sidenote: A retiring place for collegians in the time of the plague.]
+
+
+[C] ASHFIELD. This obscure village gave birth to the celebrated Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, and his brother, the late Bishop of Durham; they
+were the sons of the vicar, under whose auspices they were educated. On
+leaving the university, the former entered himself of the Inner Temple,
+but did not distinguish himself at the bar, until his abilities were
+employed upon the Douglas case; after which he became successively
+Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor. He was
+elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Thurlow, of Ashfield. In
+1786, he was made Teller of the Exchequer, and created Baron Thurlow, of
+Thurlow: he retired in 1793, and died at Brighton in 1806. He was
+succeeded in the peerage by his nephew, the son of his brother, the
+Bishop of Durham. He was never married, but he left three illegitimate
+daughters, to two of whom he bequeathed large property; the other having
+offended him by an imprudent marriage, he left her only a small annuity.
+
+[Sidenote: The birth-place of Lord Chancellor Thurlow.]
+
+
+[D] ASHFORD. This village is frequently called Ashford in the water,
+from the lowness of its situation. It is seated on the banks of the
+river Wye. The only remains of the residence of the Plantagenets of
+Woodstock (who had a castle here) is a moat, half filled with rubbish.
+Sir William Cavendish, the favourite of Cardinal Wolsey, purchased this
+estate of the Earl of Westmoreland; and the Duke of Devonshire, a
+descendant of that family, still continues the proprietor. The works in
+this village for sawing and polishing marble, were the first ever
+established in England. They were originally constructed by Mr. Henry
+Watson, of Bakewell, about 80 years since, but though he obtained a
+patent, to secure the gain arising from this invention, the advantages
+were unequal to his expectations. Mr. John Platt, architect, of
+Rotherham, in Yorkshire, rented the quarries of black and grey marble,
+the only ones of the kind now worked in Derbyshire. The sweeping mill,
+as it is called, from its circular motion, will level a floor of eighty
+superficial feet of marble slabs at one time.
+
+[Sidenote: Extensive works for sawing and polishing marble.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County. |   Number of Miles From
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    11|Ashford           pa|Devon    |Barnstaple  2|Ilfracomb   8|
+    21|Ashford[A] m.t. & pa|Kent     |Canterbury 15|Folkestone 17|
+    25|Ashford[B]      chap|Middlesex|Staines     3|Bedfont     2|
+    33|Ashford Bowdler   pa|Salop    |Ludlow      3|Tenbury     6|
+    33|Ashford Carbonel  pa|Salop    |...         3|...         6|
+    23|Ashfordby         pa|Leicester|Melton Mow. 3|Loughbro'  11|
+    29|Ash-holm         ham|Northumb |Hexham     19|Haltwhistle 4|
+    27|Ashill            pa|Norfolk  |Watton      4|Swaffham    6|
+    34|Ashill[C]         pa|Somerset |Ilminster   4|Taunton     8|
+    14|Ashingdon[D]      pa|Essex    |Rochford    3|Maldon      9|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    11|Ashford           pa|Marwood               2|  194|     99|
+    21|Ashford[A] m.t. & pa|Maidstone            19|   53|   2809|
+    25|Ashford[B]      chap|Sunbury               3|   16|    458|
+    33|Ashford Bowdler   pa|Leominster            9|  137|     99|
+    33|Ashford Carbonel  pa|  ...                 9|  137|    289|
+    23|Ashfordby         pa|Leicester            13|  108|    467|
+    29|Ash-holm         ham|Aldstone              7|  279|    122|
+    27|Ashill            pa|E. Dereham           10|   94|    700|
+    34|Ashill[C]         pa|Chard                 7|  137|    403|
+    14|Ashingdon[D]      pa|Chelmsford           13|   40|     98|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHFORD is situated about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence
+rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, and on the high
+road between Hythe and Maidstone. The town, which is a liberty of
+itself, originated from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market
+town, which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed in the Danish
+wars. It was then called Asscheford, and, in some early documents,
+Estefort and Enetesford, from the ford over the river Stour; the ancient
+name of which was Esshe or Eschet. It is pleasantly situated near the
+confluence of the upper branches of the river Stour, over one of which
+there is a bridge. The manor received the privilege of a market so early
+as Edward I. The town is governed by a mayor, and possesses a court of
+record for the recovery of debts, not exceeding twenty marks. The church
+is a spacious and handsome fabric, consisting of a nave, aisles, and
+three chancels, with a lofty and well-proportioned tower. There are
+several ancient monuments, especially one of a Countess of Athol, who
+died in 1365, whose effigy exhibits the female costume of that age, in a
+very remarkable manner. The ancient college, founded by Sir John Fogge
+owner of the manor, in the reign of Edward IV., was dissolved in that of
+Henry VII., and the house given to the vicar for a residence. It still
+exists, although latterly much modernised. Here is a Free Grammar
+School, founded by Sir Norton Knatchbull, in the reign of Charles I.,
+and various minor charities. The inhabitants of this town and its
+vicinity are much engaged in the rearing and fattening of cattle, for
+the sale of which its markets and fairs are much celebrated.
+
+   _Market_ Saturday. A stock market held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in
+   every month.--_Fairs_ May 17, and August 2, for wool; September 9,
+   October 12, and 24, for horses, cattle and pedlary.--_Inns_, George,
+   Royal Oak, and Saracen's Head.--_Bankers_, G. and W. Jemmett, draw on
+   Esdaile and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.15 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of the town of Ashford.]
+
+[Sidenote: The college made into a parsonage house:]
+
+
+[B] ASHFORD. This place was originally called Exeford, from its ford
+over the river Exe; the village is now but of little importance. It lies
+in that level part of the county, formerly occupied by Hounslow Heath,
+the terror of the western traveller, from the numerous robberies
+committed on its highways. Ashford Common was selected for military
+reviews; it has however, for some years been inclosed, and the review
+ground is now near Hounslow. The chapel is a plain brick building,
+possessing no claims on the attention of the antiquary; it was erected
+in 1796 by voluntary contribution.
+
+[Sidenote: Hounslow Heath.]
+
+
+[C] ASHILL.--_Fairs_, April 9, and September 10.
+
+
+[D] ASHINGDON. This place is memorable in the early periods of our
+history. "Nothing is more surprising," observes Gough, in his Additions
+to Camden, "than the errors all antiquaries have hitherto lain under
+with respect to the scene of the battle between Edmund Ironside and the
+Danes." Though they had the authority of Mr. Camden against them, they
+have caried it quite across the county to the northern extremity and as
+far from the sea as possible, in defiance of every circumstance that
+could fix it there. In a marsh in Woodham Mortimer parish, on the river
+Burnham or Crouch, are twenty-four barrows grouped in pairs, and most of
+them surrounded by a ditch, supposed to be the burial places of the
+Danes, who probably landed at Bradwell, a village near the mouth of the
+Blackwater River, fourteen miles distant.
+
+[Sidenote: The site of an engagement between Edm. Ironside and the
+Danes.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.  | County. |        Number of Miles From
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+    29|Ashington           to|Northump |Morpeth     5|Blyth        6|
+    34|Ashington           pa|Somerset |Ilchester   3|Yeovil       4|
+    38|Ashington           pa|Sussex   |Steyning    4|Arundel      9|
+     7|Ashley              to|Chester  |Knutsford   5|Altringham   3|
+    28|Ashley              pa|Northamp |Rockingham  6|Harborough   5|
+    16|Ashley              pa|Hants    |Stockbridge 3|Winchester   8|
+    35|Ashley              pa|Stafford |Eccleshall  6|Drayton      6|
+    41|Ashley[A]           pa|Wilts    |Malmesbury  5|Tetbury      3|
+     5|Ashley-Green       ham|Bucks    |Chesham     3|Berkhamp     2|
+     6|Ashley-cum-Silvery, pa|Cambridge|Newmarket   5|Mildenhall  10|
+    10|Ashley-Hay          to|Derby    |Wirksworth  2|Belper       6|
+    27|Ashmanhaugh         pa|Norfolk  |Coltishall  3|Worsted      3|
+    16|Ashmansworth      chap|Hants    |Whitchurch  8|Andover     10|
+    12|Ashmore             pa|Dorset   |Shaftesbury 5|Cranborne   12|
+    34|Asholt, or Aisholt  pa|Somerset |Bridgewater 7|Stowey       3|
+    10|Ashover[B]     to & pa|Derby    |Alfreton    7|Chesterfield 7|
+    39|Ashow               pa|Warwick  |Warwick     5|Kenilworth   3|
+    17|Ashperton         chap|Hereford |Ledbury     5|Hereford    11|
+    11|Ashprington         pa|Devon    |Totness     3|Brixham      6|
+    34|Ash-Priors          pa|Somerset |Taunton     6|Wellington   6|
+    11|Ashreigney          pa|Devon    |Chumleigh   4|Torrington  11|
+     5|Ashridge[C]        ham|Bucks    |Chesham     2|Berkhamp     4|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    29|Ashington           to|Ulgham                4|  290|      57|
+    34|Ashington           pa|Sherborne             7|  121|      74|
+    38|Ashington           pa|Horsham              10|   46|     285|
+     7|Ashley              to|Cheadle               7|  177|     379|
+    28|Ashley              pa|Rothwell              8|   86|     304|
+    16|Ashley              pa|Romsey                8|   67|      93|
+    35|Ashley              pa|Newcastle             9|  154|     825|
+    41|Ashley[A]           pa|Kemble                5|   96|      99|
+     5|Ashley-Green       ham|Tring                 5|   27|     ...|
+     6|Ashley-cum-Silvery, pa|Bury                 11|   63|     361|
+    10|Ashley-Hay          to|Turnditch             3|  138|     241|
+    27|Ashmanhaugh         pa|Norwich              10|  118|     154|
+    16|Ashmansworth      chap|Newbury               8|   64|     222|
+    12|Ashmore             pa|Blandford             8|  101|     191|
+    34|Asholt, or Aisholt  pa|Taunton               8|  146|     228|
+    10|Ashover[B]     to & pa|Matlock               3|  147|    3179|
+    39|Ashow               pa|Coventry              6|   95|     176|
+    17|Ashperton         chap|Bromyard             11|  125|     398|
+    11|Ashprington         pa|Dartmouth             6|  198|     549|
+    34|Ash-Priors          pa|Stowey                9|  147|      201
+    11|Ashreigney          pa|Hatherleigh           9|  198|    1038|
+     5|Ashridge[C]        ham|Tring                 5|   29|     ...|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ASHLEY, was formerly distinguished by a fair and market, it is now
+remarkable only for a large mansion, which was once the seat of the
+Georges. The church, an ancient building, with a square embattled tower,
+is principally interesting for its arches; some of which are round, and
+others pointed, resting on slender clustered pillars, with massy
+capitals of foliage. The font is large, round, and very rude in its
+workmanship.
+
+
+[B] ASHOVER. This village is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the
+Doomsday Book, as having a church and a priest. In the church is an
+ancient font, supposed to be Saxon; the base is of stone; the lower part
+is of an hexagonal form; the upper part circular, surrounded with twenty
+figures, in devotional attitudes, embossed in lead, in ornamental
+niches. There are also some ancient monuments of the Babington family,
+who were for a long time seated at Dithicke, a chapelry in this parish.
+Anthony Babington was executed for high treason in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, having engaged in a conspiracy to destroy that princess. On
+the declivity of a hill on Ashover Common is a rocking stone, called
+Robin Hood's Mark, which measures about twenty-six feet in
+circumference. From its extraordinary position, it appears not only to
+have been the work of art, but to have been placed with great ingenuity.
+About 200 yards to the north is a singularly shaped work, called the
+Turning-stone, nine feet high: it is supposed to have been a rock idol.
+Overton Hall, in this vicinity, was once the seat of Sir Joseph Banks,
+the President of the Royal Society.
+
+[Sidenote: A singular rocking stone, formerly an idol.]
+
+
+[C] ASHRIDGE was formerly called Escrug. In very early times this
+village is reported to have possessed a royal palace; which, when the
+estate became the property of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, son to Richard,
+King of the Romans, was converted into a college for Bonhommes (or monks
+who followed the rules of St. Augustine,) and endowed with the manors of
+Ashridge, Gaddesden, and Hemel Hempstead. A parliament was held here by
+Edward the First, in the year 1291; and, though of short continuance, it
+was distinguished by a spirited debate on the origin and necessary use
+of fines. After the dissolution, the monastery appears to have become
+the seat of royalty; and Norden describes it as the place "wherein our
+most worthy and ever famous Queen Elizabeth lodged, as in her owne,
+being a more statelie house." This queen, in the 17th year of her reign,
+granted it to John Dudley, and John Ayscough, who within the short
+period of a fortnight, conveyed it to Henry, Lord Cheny, whose lady sold
+it to Ralph Marshal, by whom it was again conveyed to Randolph Crew and
+others, and soon afterwards granted to Egerton, Lord Ellesmere, ancestor
+to the late Duke of Bridgewater; several of whose family are buried in
+the neighbouring church of Little Gaddesden. The old college, the
+greater part of which was standing in the year 1800, exhibited a fine
+specimen of the gothic architecture of the thirteenth century. The
+cloisters were particularly beautiful. The walls were painted in fresco
+with Scripture subjects. The late Duke of Bridgewater pulled down the
+whole of these buildings, the materials of which were disposed of in
+lots; the present earl, the dukedom being extinct, has erected a most
+magnificent mansion at a great expense. Ashridge Park, which contains
+some very fine oak and beech trees, is pleasingly varied with hill and
+dale. It is about five miles in circumference.
+
+[Sidenote: A parliament held here by Edward I.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manor house a favourite seat of Queen Elizabeth.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County.  |  Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+    37|Ashtead         pa|Surrey    |Epsom     2|Leatherhead 2|
+     7|Ashton          to|Chester   |Chester   8|Tarporley   7|
+    11|Ashton          pa|Devon     |Chudleigh 4|Exeter      6|
+    22|Ashton          to|Lancaster |Preston   2|Kirkham     7|
+    22|Ashton[A]       to|Lancaster |Lancaster 3|Garstang    8|
+    28|Ashton          pa|Northamp  |Northamp  7|Towcester   5|
+    28|Ashton         ham|Northamp  |Wandsford 5|Stamford    5|
+    28|Ashton         ham|Northamp  |Oundle    1|Wandsford   8|
+    41|Ashton-Giffard  to|Wilts     |Warminste 7|Hindon      6|
+    15|Ashton        chap|Gloucester|Evesham   5|Tewkesbury  8|
+    41|Ashton-Keynes   pa|Wilts     |Cricklade 4|Cirencester 6|
+    34|Ashton, Long[B] pa|Somerset  |Bristol   3|Keynsham    7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    37|Ashtead         pa|Ewell                4|   17|    607|
+     7|Ashton          to|Frodsham             6|  185|    405|
+    11|Ashton          pa|Moreton Ha.          6|  174|    333|
+    22|Ashton          to|Garstang            11|  219|    ...|
+    22|Ashton[A]       to|Overton              3|  237|    213|
+    28|Ashton          pa|Stoney Strat.        7|   62|    380|
+    28|Ashton         ham|M. Deeping           4|   89|    126|
+    28|Ashton         ham|Stilton              8|   81|    129|
+    41|Ashton-Giffard  to|Wilton              12|   90|    ...|
+    15|Ashton        chap|Winchcomb            8|  102|    301|
+    41|Ashton-Keynes   pa|Malmesbury           8|   89|   1182|
+    34|Ashton, Long[B] pa|Axbridge            14|  120|   1423|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON. Near this village is Ashton Hall, a seat of his Grace the
+Duke of Hamilton. It formerly belonged to the family of the Laurences,
+but came into the present family by the marriage of James, Earl of
+Arran, afterwards Duke of Hamilton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of
+Lord Gerrard Digby, of Bromley. The mansion is a large building, with
+some square embattled towers, an ancient hall, and other features of a
+magnificent baronial castle. It is situated in a fine park, through
+which flows a small rivulet, forming a narrow bay, at the western side
+of the grounds. The park abounds with wood, and is agreeably diversified
+with hill and dale, and affords, from many parts, extensive views across
+the river Lune to Morecambe Bay, the Irish sea, &c. The mansion has
+undergone considerable alteration, yet care has been taken to preserve
+its ancient character.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Galgate Bridge, one mile distant, 9.20 P.M.;
+   departs 2.20 morn.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Hamilton.]
+
+
+[B] ASHTON, or LONG ASHTON, is situated in a rich woody vale, protected
+on the north by a range of picturesque though bleak hills, and on the
+north lies the lofty ridge of Dundry. In this parish the inhabitants
+raise fruit and vegetables for the Bristol market. There is much
+garden-ground in Long Ashton, in which many Roman coins have been
+discovered. The houses are in general well-built, much company resorting
+thither during the summer season. The circumjacent scenery is
+delightful, and in the vicinity are the remains of two Roman
+encampments, Stokeleigh and Burwalls. The church is an old but very
+handsome building, founded by the family of Lyons; the nave and aisles
+are divided from the chancel by a beautiful gothic screen of fret and
+flower work, painted and gilt, and executed in the most admirable style.
+One of the 6 bells contained in the tower is inscribed "Sancte Johannes
+Baptiste ora pro nobis;" on the tower are the arms of Lyons, in stone.
+Amongst several painted figures and coats of arms on the glass of the
+windows, are the portraits of Edward IV. and his Queen, Elizabeth
+Widville. Here are several handsome monuments, but that of Sir Richard
+Choke and his lady is eminently magnificent and beautiful. Ashton Court,
+the manor house, originally founded by the Lyons family, but materially
+altered by Inigo Jones, occupies the S.E. slope of Ashton Down, and the
+remains of another old manor house, called the Lower Court, still stands
+in a valley to the S.W. of the village.
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | County. |   Number of Miles From
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
+    22|Ashton-under-Lyne[A]    p|Lancaster|Manchester 7|Stockport  7|
+    22|Ashton-in-Mackerfield}[B]|         |            |            |
+      |            o & chap }   |Lancaster|Newton     3|Prescot    7|
+     7|Ashton-upon-Mersey   }   |         |            |            |
+      |             to & pa }   |Chester  |Stockport  9|Manchester 7|
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    22|Ashton-under-Lyne[A]    p|Mottram              5|  186|  33597|
+    22|Ashton-in-Mackerfield}[B]|                      |     |       |
+      |            o & chap }   |Wigan                5|  196|   5912|
+     7|Ashton-upon-Mersey   }   |                      |     |       |
+      |             to & pa }   |Altringham           4|  184|   2078|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE is a large town situated at the south-eastern
+extremity of the county. It consists of several narrow streets, built on
+a high bank, which rises from the river Tame. It appears from an ancient
+manuscript, that Ashton was formerly a borough, yet for some centuries
+it sent no members to Parliament; but, by the Reform Bill of 1832, it
+now returns one member, and the mayor of the town is the returning
+officer. The borough comprises the whole district, over which the
+lighting and paving act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. extends. A court
+is held here for the recovery of debts, not exceeding five pounds, by
+48th Geo. III. c. 18; any person may sue, under the general regulations,
+and defendants sued elsewhere are to have their costs. Defendants
+removing out of the jurisdiction, may be followed in person and goods,
+by removing the record to the superior courts, but wagers, &c. are not
+recoverable. The principal part of the landed property of this parish
+belongs to the Earl of Stamford, in whose family it was conveyed, by the
+marriage of Sir William Booth to the daughter of Sir Thomas Asheton,
+whose family possessed some peculiar privileges in this manor: among
+which was, the power of life and death over their tenantry. In
+commemoration of this privilege, and its having been sometimes
+exercised, a field near the old hall is still called Gallows Meadow.
+There is also an ancient custom here, called "riding the black lad,"
+celebrated every Easter Monday, to perpetuate some act of great tyranny
+exercised by Sir Ralph Asheton, in 1483, when vice-constable of England.
+The ceremony consists in exhibiting the effigies of a man on horseback
+through the streets, which is afterwards suspended on the cross in the
+market place, and there shot. The figure was formerly cased in armour,
+and the expenses of it were defrayed by the court. Another account of
+the origin of this custom states, that Thomas Asheton, in the reign of
+Henry III., particularly distinguished himself at the battle of
+Neville's Cross, and bore away the standard from the Scotch King's tent.
+For this heroic deed the King conferred on Ashton the honour of
+Knighthood, who, on his arrival at his manor instituted the custom
+described. At the village of Fairfield, in this parish, there is a
+Moravian settlement, who have erected a chapel for their followers. The
+males are principally employed in spinning and weaving: they form a very
+industrious and orderly community. On the western side of the town is
+Ashton Moss, which supplies the poor with peat turf. Oak and fir trees
+are frequently found by those who dig for the peat.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, March 23, April 29, July 25, and
+   November 21, for horned cattle, horses, and toys.--_Bankers_,
+   Buckley, Roberts, and Co.; draw in London on Jones, Lloyd, and
+   Co.--_Inn_, Commercial Hotel.
+
+[Sidenote: Court of Requests for the recovery of £5. Defendants may be
+followed.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lord of the manor possessed a power of life and death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Custom of riding the black lad.]
+
+[Sidenote: Moravian settlement.]
+
+
+[B] ASHTON. This village is generally called Ashton in Makerfield, or
+Ashton in the Willows; it enjoys a very pleasant situation on the road
+between Newton and Wigan. The hardware and cotton manufactories give
+employment to the inhabitants. The church is a large old building, part
+of which appears to have been erected by the lords of the manor. On the
+pews are some ancient carvings; and in the windows are exhibited some
+painted figures. Several of the Ashtons lie interred here, and their
+names are inscribed on the windows. Near the church is a curious
+mansion, called the Old Hall, the oldest parts of which are said to have
+been built in 1483; adjoining this stands a pile, which was formerly
+used as a prison.
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.   | County. |        Number of Miles From
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
+    41|Ashton-Steeple[A] pa & ti|Wilts    |Trowbridge   3|Melksham      4|
+    41|Ashton, West           to|Wilts    |  ...        3|  ...         5|
+    21|Ashurst                pa|Kent     |Tunbridge    7|Tunbr. Wells  5|
+    38|Ashurst                pa|Sussex   |Steyning     4|Henfield      3|
+    11|Ashwater               pa|Devon    |Holsworthy   7|Oakhampton   14|
+    18|Ashwell[B]             pa|Herts    |Baldock      4|Royston       6|
+    32|Ashwell                pa|Rutland  |Oakham       4|Cottesmere    3|
+    27|Ashwell-Thorpe         pa|Norfolk  |Wymondham    3|Attleburgh    7|
+    34|Ashwick                pa|Somerset |Shepton Mall 4|Frome         9|
+    27|Ashwicken              pa|Norfolk  |Lynn         5|Castle Rising 5|
+    35|Ashwood               ham|Stafford |Stourbridge  4|Dudley        3|
+    22|Ashworth             chap|Lancaster|Rochdale     3|Bury          3|
+    43|Aske                   to|N.R. York|Richmond     2|Reeth         8|
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.   |   Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+    41|Ashton-Steeple[A] pa & ti|Devizes                7|   96|     1754|
+    41|Ashton, West           to|  ...                  9|   98|      374|
+    21|Ashurst                pa|Groombridge            2|   34|      206|
+    38|Ashurst                pa|W. Grinstead           4|   47|      423|
+    11|Ashwater               pa|Launceston             8|  209|      862|
+    18|Ashwell[B]             pa|Biggleswade            6|   41|     1072|
+    32|Ashwell                pa|Overton                3|   99|      209|
+    27|Ashwell-Thorpe         pa|Buckenham              7|  100|      471|
+    34|Ashwick                pa|Wells                  6|  118|      995|
+    27|Ashwicken              pa|Swaffham              10|   98|       80|
+    35|Ashwood               ham|Wolverhamp.            6|  123|      ...|
+    22|Ashworth             chap|Manchester            11|  192|      294|
+    43|Aske                   to|Darlington            11|  235|      105|
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON, or STEEPLE ASHTON is remarkable for its lofty and elegant
+church, which was built about the year 1480, though the chapels and a
+part of the chancel appear of a still earlier date. The tower which is
+high and handsome, was formerly surmounted by a spire or steeple, whence
+the village had its distinctive appellation. An inscription informs us
+that, in the year 1670, the spire being in height 93 feet above the
+tower, was rent by a violent thunder storm, and that in the same year,
+being almost re-erected, it was by a second storm again destroyed. The
+roof of the nave is formed by intersecting arches, which rest on
+canopied niches, adorned with whole length figures or flowers; and that
+of the aisles is profusely decorated with sculpture and tracery work,
+while the windows display some splendid remains of painted glass, the
+whole corresponding with the exterior in style and effect. Plot informs
+us that there was dug up at Steeple Ashton, a pavement, which he
+considered to be Roman, though different in materials and design from
+those commonly regarded as such. The Madrepore stone is found among the
+fossil productions of Ashton. Rowd Ashton, the seat of Richard Godolphin
+Long, Esq., is situated in a large and well wooded park. The Kennet and
+Avon canal from London to Bristol passes near this village.
+
+[Sidenote: The church steeple twice thrown down by storms.]
+
+
+[B] ASHWELL. This village, situate on the river Rhee, on the borders of
+Cambridgeshire, derives its present name from Escewelle, and is supposed
+by Camden to be of Roman origin, from the frequent discovery of Roman
+coins, and sepulchral urns, in an adjacent earthwork, or fortification,
+called Arbury banks. It is in a low situation on the northern edge of
+the county. Here a considerable spring breaks out from a rocky bank
+overhung with lofty ash-trees, from which a continued quantity of water
+flows, and being quickly collected into one channel, turns a mill, and
+soon after becomes a river. From this spring and these ash-trees, it is
+supposed the Saxons gave it the name of Ashwell. The village was
+anciently a demesne of the Saxon kings; but before the time of Edward
+the Confessor, it was granted to the Abbots of St. Peter's, at
+Westminster, to whom it continued to belong till the dissolution, when
+the Abbey was erected into a deanery, and after that into a bishopric;
+it, however, followed the fate of similar foundations; and when the
+bishopric was dissolved, in the reign of Edward VI., it was granted,
+with other manors, to the see of London, in which it is still invested.
+The church consists of a nave, aisle, and chancel, with a tower at the
+west-end, surmounted by a spire. In the chancel are several slabs,
+formerly inlaid with brasses. Among the inscriptions, Weever notices one
+with the words, "Orate pro--Walter Sommoner." "I reade," says Weever,
+"that one Walter Sumner held the manor of Ashwell of the King, by pettie
+sergeantie; viz. to find the king spits to rost his meate upon the day
+of his coronation: and John Sumner, his sonne, held the same manor by
+service, to turne a spit in the king's kitchen upon the day of his
+coronation."
+
+[Sidenote: Powerful spring oozing from a rock.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.     |  County. |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    45|Askerne or Askeron[A] to|W.R. York |Doncaster  7|Ferry-bridge 8|
+    11|Askerswell            pa|Dorset    |Bridport   4|Beaminster   8|
+    9 |Askerton[B]           to|Cumberland|Carlisle  13|Longtown    12|
+    30|Askham              chap|Nottingham|Tuxford    3|Gamston      3|
+    40|Askham[C]        to & pa|Westmor   |Penrith    4|Lowther      2|
+    43|Askham Bryan     to & pa|N.R. York |York       4|Tadcaster    6|
+    43|Askham                pa|N.R. York |York       5|  ...        5|
+    43|Askrigg[D]   m.t. & chap|N.R. York |Middleham 12|Reeth        7|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    45|Askerne or Askeron[A] to|Snaith               10|  169|     256|
+    11|Askerswell            pa|Abbotsbury            7|  131|     228|
+    9 |Askerton[B]           to|Brampton              5|  316|     473|
+    30|Askham              chap|E. Retford            6|  140|     329|
+    40|Askham[C]        to & pa|Bampton               4|  280|     587|
+    43|Askham Bryan     to & pa|Wetherby             10|  196|     341|
+    43|Askham                pa|  ...                 9|  195|     234|
+    43|Askrigg[D]   m.t. & chap|Hawes                 5|  246|     737|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+
+
+[A] ASKERNE. This village is one of the numerous places in the West
+Riding, which enjoys the distinction of a mineral spring. The water
+resembles that of Harrowgate Spa; but taken internally, differs
+materially in its operation, acting chiefly as a diuretic without any of
+that cathartic or purgative power, for which the Harrowgate waters are
+so remarkable. The village is situated at the foot of a hill; the spring
+rises at the distance of a few yards only from a piece of water called
+Askerne Pool, seven acres in extent, and is much frequented by rheumatic
+or scorbutic patients, who seldom fail to obtain the relief which they
+seek. Near this place it is said the British Prince Ambrosius defeated
+and put to death the fierce Saxon leader Hengist.
+
+[Sidenote: The Saxon leader Hengist put to death.]
+
+
+[B] ASKERTON. At this village there is a castle which was built by the
+Barons Dacre. This well known name is derived from the exploits of one
+of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard
+Coeur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The
+first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the
+same name, and are ancestors to the present Lord Dacre. The other
+family, descended from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the
+North, and were Barons of Gillesland and Graystock. A chieftain of the
+latter branch was warden of the West Marshes, during the reign of Edward
+VI. He was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some
+particulars of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of
+his behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. The castle was
+formerly garrisoned by the Serjeant of Gillesland, who sometimes
+commanded and led the inhabitants against the Scots.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Lord Dacre.]
+
+
+[C] ASKHAM. This place consists of two manors. The hall, built in 1574,
+on the river Lowther, has an embattled roof, and a sombre aspect well
+suited to the gloom of the surrounding scenery. Several remarkable heaps
+of stones, among which, one is called the Druid's Cross, are in this
+neighbourhood; and also a large cairn, called the White-raise.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Lowther 1-1/2 miles distant 2.30 morning; departs 8
+   evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Druid's Cross.]
+
+
+[D] ASKRIGG. This ancient market town is situated near the river Ure and
+Swaledale Forest: it resembles a large village, and the occupations of
+the inhabitants are principally the knitting of stockings and making
+butter or cheese. It is remarkable, chiefly, for some considerable
+cataracts in its neighbourhood: as Millgill Force, a fall of from twenty
+to thirty yards; Whitfields Force, a grand specimen of the picturesque;
+and Hardrow Force, where the water falls in one grand sheet from a
+perpendicular height of one hundred feet. This town is one of the
+polling places appointed under the Reform Bill of 1832, for the North
+Riding.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, May 10, horned cattle; May 12, and
+   first Thursday in June, woollen cloth, pewter, brass, and milliners'
+   goods; October 28, horned cattle; October 29, woollens, &c.
+
+[Sidenote: Cataract 100 feet in height.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  County. |  Number of Miles From
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+    45|Askwith          to|W.R. York |Otley         3|Skipton   12|
+    24|Aslackby[A]      pa|Lincoln   |Folkingham    2|Bourn      7|
+    27|Aslacton         pa|Norfolk   |Stratton      4|Buckenham  5|
+    30|Aslacton         pa|Nottingham|Bingham       2|Newark    12|
+    36|Aspall           pa|Suffolk   |Eye           6|Debenham   2|
+    36|Aspal Stoneham   pa|Suffolk   |Debenham      4|Needham    5|
+     9|Aspatria[B] to & pa|Cumberland|Cockermouth   8|Wigton     9|
+    18|Aspedon          pa|Herts     |Buntingford   1|Stevenage  9|
+    35|Aspley           to|Stafford  |Eccleshall    1|Stone      6|
+    39|Aspley          ham|Warwick   |Henley-in Ar. 2|Alcester   7|
+     3|Aspley Guise     pa|Bedford   |Woburn        2|Ampthill   7|
+    22|Aspull           to|Lancaster |Wigan         3|Bolton     8|
+    46|Asselby          to|E.R. York |Howden        2|Selby      7|
+    31|Assendon[C]      to|Oxford    |Henley-on-T.  4|Watlington 7|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+    45|Askwith          to|Ripley                  12|  208|   400|
+    24|Aslackby[A]      pa|Corby                    9|  104|   455|
+    27|Aslacton         pa|Diss                     9|   97|   359|
+    30|Aslacton         pa|Nottingham              11|  123|   289|
+    36|Aspall           pa|Framlingham              9|   85|   126|
+    36|Aspal Stoneham   pa|Stowmarket               7|   80|   633|
+     9|Aspatria[B] to & pa|Allonby                  4|  311|   761|
+    18|Aspedon          pa|Puckeridge               9|   31|   560|
+    35|Aspley           to|Stafford                 7|  148|    26|
+    39|Aspley          ham|Stratford                7|   99|   106|
+     3|Aspley Guise     pa|Wavenden                 3|   43|  1014|
+    22|Aspull           to|Chorley                  7|  203|  2464|
+    46|Asselby          to|Snaith                   7|  178|   297|
+    31|Assendon[C]      to|Nettlebed                3|   39|   ...|
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ASLACKBY. In this village, which is on the direct road from London
+to Lincoln, there was a commandery, or associated body of Knights
+Templars, founded in the time of Richard I., by John le Mareshall. It
+afterwards served for the hospitallers, and at the suppression of this
+society, the property was transferred to Edward, Lord Clinton. A
+farm-house, which now occupies the site of the old circular church, is
+called the temple. Of that ancient structure there yet remains a square
+embattled tower of two stories. The lower story is vaulted, and formed
+of eight groins, in the centre of which is displayed eight shields, and
+various coats of arms. The parish church is a handsome building, with an
+embattled tower at the west end. A castle formerly stood here, but no
+vestiges of the walls can now be seen: remnants, however, of the foss
+and earthworks point out the spot where it was situated.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 7.40 morn.; departs 6.45 evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient village.]
+
+
+[B] ASPATRIA, or ASPATRIC, is a long straggling village on the side of a
+hill, about five miles distant from the Irish sea. It now forms part of
+the estate of the Earl of Egremont, but is supposed to have derived its
+name from Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar. On removing the earth of a barrow,
+which stood at Beacon-hill, an eminence about 200 yards to the north of
+the village, in the year 1790, a human skeleton was found in a kind of
+chest, or kistvaen, formed by two large cobblestones at each end, and
+the same on each side. The feet were decayed and rotted off, but from
+the head to the ancle-bone, the skeleton measured seven feet. On
+exposure to the atmospheric air the other bones soon mouldered away.
+Near the shoulder, on the left side, was a broad sword five feet long,
+the guard of which was elegantly inlaid with silver flowers: a dirk, or
+dagger, lay on the right side; it was one foot and a half long, and the
+handle seemed to have been studded with silver. There were likewise
+found part of a golden fibula, or buckle, a broken battle-axe, an
+ornament for the end of a belt, a part of which yet remained, part of a
+spur, and a bit resembling a modern snaffle. Various figures, rudely
+sculptured, remained on the stones which enclosed the left side of the
+chest; they chiefly represented circles, each having within a cross in
+relief. Hayman Rooke, Esq., the learned antiquary, from whose account
+the above particulars are taken, supposed that the personage whose
+remains were found was buried soon after the first dawning of
+Christianity; and also, inferred from the rich ornaments found in the
+tomb, that he was a chieftain of high rank.
+
+[Sidenote: Prodigious skeleton, 7ft. from the head to the ancle-bone.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient relics found.]
+
+
+[C] ASSENDON. At this township is a land spring, reputed the most
+eminent of its kind in England. The water only appears after a
+continuance of wet weather, but then issues forth in such abundance,
+that mills might be turned by the current, and the adjacent lowlands are
+inundated. This spring has been supposed by some to act on the principle
+of a natural syphon, and to be supplied from subterranean sources; but
+this is evidently erroneous, as the seasons of its flowing are uniformly
+after heavy rains.
+
+[Sidenote: Wonderful spring.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From
+   +--+----------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+    36|Assington     pa|Suffolk  |Neyland    4|Sudbury     5|
+    45|Asson-Thorpe ham|W.R. York|Thorne     4|Snaith      5|
+     7|Astbury[A]    pa|Chester  |Congleton  2|Sandbach    6|
+    24|Asterby       pa|Lincoln  |Horncastle 7|Louth       7|
+    31|Asthall[B]    pa|Oxford   |Burford    2|Witney      6|
+    22|Astley      chap|Lancaster|Newton     6|Manchester 11|
+    33|Astley      chap|Salop    |Shrewsbury 0|Wellington 11|
+    39|Astley[C]     pa|Warwick  |Nuneaton   4|Coleshill   7|
+    42|Astley[D]     pa|Worcester|Bewdley    5|Worcester   9|
+   +--+----------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+                                              |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    36|Assington     pa|Hadleigh             7|   57|    641|
+    45|Asson-Thorpe ham|Doncaster            9|  170|       |
+     7|Astbury[A]    pa|Leek                10|  160|  14637|
+    24|Asterby       pa|M. Raisin.          13|  143|    231|
+    31|Asthall[B]    pa|Charlbury            8|   70|    352|
+    22|Astley      chap|Bolton               7|  195|   1832|
+    33|Astley      chap|Oswestry            18|  153|    239|
+    39|Astley[C]     pa|Coventry             7|   98|    340|
+    42|Astley[D]     pa|Kiddermins           5|  121|    849|
+   +--+----------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTBURY, or AUSTBURY, is an extensive village and contains several
+gentlemen's seats. The church is a handsome gothic structure, with a
+lofty steeple. In the church yard are two ancient monuments, ornamented
+with the insignia of knighthood, but the names of the families whose
+memories they were intended to record are now lost. The parish of
+Astbury contains no less than twelve townships, of which the market town
+of Congleton is one. Each of these townships has its overseer and other
+officers, but the whole parish is under the government of one
+church-warden, the office of which is served in rotation by eight
+persons, vulgarly denominated the "Posts of the Parish;" though they
+should properly be called Provosts.
+
+[Sidenote: Contains 12 townships.]
+
+
+[B] ASTHALL. At this village is an old manorial mansion, now used as a
+farm-house, which was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones, one
+of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Charles the
+First. In the north aisle of the church stands a large stone coffin,
+said to contain the remains of Alice Corbett, concubine to Henry I.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 5 morning; departs 9.35 evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Alice Corbett.]
+
+
+[C] ASTLEY. This manor was held, in the reign of Henry II., by Philip de
+Estley, of the Earl of Warwick, by the service of holding the Earl's
+stirrup when he mounted or alighted from his horse. From this person are
+descended two families, seated at Hill Morton, in this county, and at
+Patshull, in Staffordshire. In the reign of Henry V. the estate passed
+by marriage to the Greys of Ruthin, from whom it descended to Henry
+Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in the reign of
+Queen Mary, for an attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen. The manor
+belongs at present to F.P. Newdigate, Esq. Astley Castle is surrounded
+by a moat, along the inner edge of which lie the remains of massive
+walls. The habitable part of the mansion is probably not older than the
+time of Mary; but it is clad in a garb of ivy, and other evergreens,
+which renders it singularly picturesque. In one room is preserved a
+portrait of the factious Suffolk, respecting whose capture the following
+particulars are related:--"Finding that he was forsaken, he put himself
+under the trust of one Underwood, as it is said, a keeper of his park
+here at Astley, who hid him for some few days in a large hollow tree,
+standing about two bow-shots from the church; but, being promised a
+reward, he betrayed him." The church of Astley having been made
+collegiate, by Lord Thomas de Astley, was by him rebuilt, and adorned
+with a spire, so lofty that it served as a land-mark in the deep
+wood-lands of the district, and was popularly termed "The lanthorn of
+Arden."--The interior is curious and interesting, although many
+monuments and decorations have been removed or destroyed at various
+times. On an altar-tomb at the west-end are the effigies, in alabaster,
+of a warrior and a lady; and on another, is the mutilated figure of a
+female in a recumbent posture: both are without inscription.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular tenure.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Suffolk betrayed by his keeper.]
+
+
+[D] ASTLEY. This village is situated on the Severn, it was noted before
+the dissolution, for its priory of Benedictines, and is now remarkable
+chiefly for a hermitage formed in the living rock, and recently
+converted into an ale-house. The church, built in the Saxon style of
+architecture, contains some monuments and a few fragments of stained
+glass. Here is the ancient seat called Glasshampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Hermitage.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |      Number of Miles From
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+    33|Astley Abbots  pa|Salop     |Bridgenorth   2|M. Wenlock  7|
+     5|Aston         ham|Bucks     |Ivinghoe      1|Dunstable   7|
+     7|Aston          to|Chester   |Northwich     3|Warrington  8|
+     7|Aston   to & chap|Chester   |Frodsham      3|Northwich   8|
+    10|Aston         ham|Derby     |Tideswell     6|Castleton   2|
+    53|Aston          to|Flint     |Hawarden      2|Flint       6|
+    17|Aston          pa|Hereford  |Ludlow        4|Leominster 10|
+    18|Aston[A]       pa|Herts     |Stevenage     3|Watton      4|
+    56|Aston          to|Montgomery|Ch. Stretton 10|Montgomery  7|
+    31|Aston         ham|Oxford    |Witney        5|Bampton     2|
+    35|Aston          to|Stafford  |Drayton       6|Newcastle   6|
+    39|Aston[B]       pa|Warwick   |Birmingham    2|Tamworth   13|
+    46|Aston[C]  to & pa|N.R. York |Rotherham     6|Sheffield   8|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|    Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+    33|Astley Abbots  pa|Madeley                  6|  142|    666|
+     5|Aston         ham|Leighton                 5|   34|    406|
+     7|Aston          to|Frodsham                 9|  176|    409|
+     7|Aston   to & chap|Warrington               8|  181|    197|
+    10|Aston         ham|Derwent                  3|  164|    104|
+    53|Aston          to|Chester                  6|  197|    237|
+    17|Aston          pa|Wigmore                  4|  143|     56|
+    18|Aston[A]       pa|Welwyn                   6|   30|    494|
+    56|Aston          to|Bishop's Cas.            2|  161|     84|
+    31|Aston         ham|Ensham                   7|   69|    699|
+    35|Aston          to|Eccleshall               8|  154|    277|
+    39|Aston[B]       pa|Coleshill                9|  111|  32118|
+    46|Aston[C]  to & pa|Maltby                   6|  156|    564|
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTON. The village and manor of Aston was an ancient demesne of the
+Saxon kings. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir John Boteler, of
+Walton Wood Hall; but the house now standing at Aston Place, indicates
+earlier antiquity than the time of that sovereign. Westward of the
+village, on the eastern side of the great North road, are six large
+barrows, thought to be of Danish origin; from their immediate proximity
+to the road-side they excite the curiosity and attention of most persons
+travelling northward: two of them have been opened, but were not found
+to contain any thing of sufficient interest to be here recorded.
+
+[Sidenote: The six hills.]
+
+
+[B] ASTON is in the Birmingham division of the Hundred of Hemlingford.
+It may be deemed a part of Birmingham, being inhabited chiefly by
+artisans in the various branches of manufacture for which that town is
+distinguished. Aston Hall, the seat of Heneage Legge, Esq., was first
+erected by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart. in the reign of James I. It was
+several times plundered during the troubles of his successor, who was
+entertained here for two nights a short time before the battle of
+Edgehill, which occurred on October 23, 1642, between the Royalists and
+the Parliamentary forces. Sir T. Holt endowed an alms-house for five
+poor men and women in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Part of Birmingham.]
+
+
+[C] ASTON, is a parish and township with Aughton, in the wapentake of
+Strafforth and Tickhill. In the church, which is dedicated to All
+Saints, is an ancient monument, under which lie buried Lord D'Arcy and
+his three wives. There is also a marble slab to the memory of the poet
+Mason, who was rector of this parish. This distinguished poet was the
+son of a clergyman in Yorkshire, in which county he was born in the year
+1725. He became a student of St. John's College, Cambridge, and
+subsequently a fellow of Pembroke Hall, in the same university. His
+debut in the literary world was made by the publication of "Isis," a
+poem, in which he satirized the Jacobitish and High Church principles of
+the University of Oxford. A reply was written by Thomas Warton, entitled
+"The Triumph of Isis." In 1752 he published a tragedy with choral odes
+on the ancient Greek model, called "Elfrida." Having taken orders in the
+church, he was presented with the living of Aston, and appointed one of
+the royal chaplains. In 1759 appeared his "Caractacus," a drama on a
+kindred plan with the former. Both of these pieces were afterwards
+introduced on the stage, they however met with very little success. In
+1762, Mr. Mason was made precentor of York, to which preferment a
+canonry was annexed. One of his principal works, entitled "The English
+Garden," a poem, in four books, appeared in the years 1772, 1777, 1779,
+and 1781. 4to.; this was translated into French and German. In 1775 he
+published the exquisite poems of his friend Gray, with a Memoir of his
+Life. At the beginning of the American War, Mr. Mason became so active
+an advocate for freedom, as to give offence at court, and he was in
+consequence dismissed from his chaplainship. It is said he felt alarmed
+at the frightful consequences of the French Revolution, and his zeal
+cooled towards the latter end of his life. He died April 7, 1797.
+
+[Sidenote: The poet Mason's monument.]
+
+[Sidenote: An advocate for freedom dismissed from his chaplainship.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.        |  County. | Number of Miles From
+   +--+---------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+     5|Aston-Abbots             pa|Bucks     |Aylesbury   5|Winslow     7|
+    15|Aston-Blank              pa|Gloucester|Northleach  4|Stow        5|
+    33|Aston-Botterill          pa|Salop     |Bridgenorth 9|Cleobury    7|
+    39|Aston-Cantlow            pa|Warwick   |Alcester    4|Henley      4|
+     5|Aston-Clinton[A]    to & pa|Bucks     |Tring       4|Ivinghoe    5|
+    33|Aston-Eyre               to|Salop     |Bridgenorth 3|M. Wenlock  5|
+    23|Aston-Flamville      to & p|Leicester |Hinckley    3|Lutterworth 8|
+     7|Aston-Grange             to|Chester   |Frodsham    4|Northwich   7|
+    17|Aston-Ingham             pa|Hereford  |Ross        6|Ledbury    10|
+    28|Aston on the Walls, to & pa|Northamp  |Banbury     8|Daventry    9|
+    42|Aston-Magna             ham|Worcester |Moreton     3|Shipston    6|
+    31|Aston-Middle        to & pa|Oxford    |Deddington  3|Woodstock   8|
+     7|Aston-Mondrum            to|Chester   |Nantwich    4|Tarporley   8|
+    31|Aston-North              pa|Oxford    |Deddington  2|Bicester    9|
+    31|Aston-Rowant             pa|Oxford    |Tetsworth   4|Thame       4|
+     5|Aston-Sandford           pa|Bucks     |Thame       4|Aylesbury   6|
+    15|Aston-Somerville         pa|Gloucester|Evesham     4|Broadway    4|
+    31|Aston-Steeple[B]    to & pa|Oxford    |Deddington  4|Woodstock   7|
+    15|Aston-Subege             pa|Gloucester|Campden     2|Evesham     6|
+     4|Aston-Tirrold            pa|Berks     |Wallingford 6|E. Illsley  6|
+    15|Aston-upon-Carron pa and ti|Gloucester|Tewkesbury  2|Cheltenham  9|
+    10|Aston-upon-Trent         pa|Derby     |Derby       6|Ashby      10|
+     4|Aston-Upthorpe          ham|Berks     |Wallingford 6|Wantage     9|
+    28|Astrope, or Asthorpe[C] ham|Northamp  |Brackley    6|Banbury     4|
+    28|Astwell[D]              ham|Northamp  |  ...       6|Towcester   5|
+   +--+---------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|   Names of Places.        |  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+---------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     5|Aston-Abbots             pa|Leighton               6|   40|    303|
+    15|Aston-Blank              pa|Winchcomb             11|   86|    295|
+    33|Aston-Botterill          pa|Ludlow                 9|  143|    260|
+    39|Aston-Cantlow            pa|Stratford              6|   99|    940|
+     5|Aston-Clinton[A]    to & pa|Aylesbury              4|   35|   1001|
+    33|Aston-Eyre               to|Madeley                7|  143|     63|
+    23|Aston-Flamville      to & p|Leicester             13|   97|   1703|
+     7|Aston-Grange             to|Warrington             8|  181|     36|
+    17|Aston-Ingham             pa|Newent                 3|  120|    591|
+    28|Aston on the Walls, to & pa|Towcester             11|   71|    240|
+    42|Aston-Magna             ham|Broadway               4|   89|    254|
+    31|Aston-Middle        to & pa|Bicester               9|   64|    121|
+     7|Aston-Mondrum            to|Middlewich             7|  168|    159|
+    31|Aston-North              pa|Woodstock              9|   64|    305|
+    31|Aston-Rowant             pa|Watlington             4|   39|    946|
+     5|Aston-Sandford           pa|P. Risboro'            5|   42|     82|
+    15|Aston-Somerville         pa|Winchcombe             7|   98|    103|
+    31|Aston-Steeple[B]    to & pa|Bicester               9|   64|    562|
+    15|Aston-Subege             pa|Broadway               4|   92|    103|
+     4|Aston-Tirrold            pa|Streatley              5|   50|    343|
+    15|Aston-upon-Carron pa and ti|Evesham               10|  104|    166|
+    10|Aston-upon-Trent         pa|Loughboro             11|  121|    620|
+     4|Aston-Upthorpe          ham|Abingdon               8|   52|    172|
+    28|Astrope, or Asthorpe[C] ham|Deddington             5|   69|       |
+    28|Astwell[D]              ham|Daventry              13|   64|    118|
+   +--+---------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTON CLINTON is in the first division of Aylesbury hundred. The
+manor was the property of the late Lord Lake, who died in 1808, during
+the trial of General Whitelock, who was cashiered for his misconduct at
+Buenos Ayres at the commencement of that year. At St. Leonard's, a
+hamlet of this parish, about four miles from Aston church, is an ancient
+chapel, said to have been a chantry chapel to the Abbey of Missenden. It
+contains, among other monuments, that of General Cornelius Wood, an
+officer who distinguished himself in the reign of Queen Anne, and who
+died in 1712. It is ornamented with a bust of the general in white
+marble, surrounded with military trophies. This chapel is endowed with
+an estate, vested in ten trustees, who have the appointment of the
+minister.
+
+[Sidenote: Monument of one of Queen Anne's officers.]
+
+
+[B] STEEPLE ASTON. At this village, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal of
+Brazennose College, Oxford, and rector of this church, founded a free
+school in 1640, and endowed it with ten pounds per annum; he died in the
+year 1648, and is buried in the church. He also endowed an alms-house
+for poor women in this parish. A tessalated pavement was ploughed up
+here in the 17th century.
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Samuel Radcliffe.]
+
+
+[C] ASTROPE. This hamlet is in the parish of King's Sutton. The village
+is worthy of remark, from the church having a tower crowned with a
+handsome and lofty spire, decorated with crocketed pinnacles. Here is a
+remarkably fine mineral spring, called St. Rumbald's Well, which was
+formerly in considerable repute. When drank at the fountain head, the
+water is considered a specific in cases of female obstructions, and in
+the first and second stages of consumptions. In the jaundice it seldom
+fails; and in dropsical cases is frequently administered with success.
+Persons whose constitutions have been weakened by free living, find
+themselves renovated by its virtues. The water has a brisk pleasant
+taste, and is very clear and spirituous. Astrope Hall was formerly the
+residence of the Lord Chief Justice Willes.
+
+[Sidenote: A mineral spring famous for curing consumption, jaundice,
+&c.]
+
+
+[D] ASTWELL. In this hamlet is an ancient mansion, formerly the seat of
+the Earl of Ferrers. Several of the rooms exhibit in the wainscot and
+chimney pieces, armorial bearings and other carved decorations. A
+dilapidated room at the east end was formerly a chapel.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Earl Ferrers]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.          | County. |      Number of Miles From
+   +--+----------------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+     3|Astwick                   pa|Bedford  |Biggleswade 5|Shefford    6|
+     5|Astwood                   pa|Bucks    |Newport Pag 6|Woburn     10|
+    24|Aswarby                   pa|Lincoln  |Folkingham  4|Sleaford    5|
+    24|Aswardby                  pa|Lincoln  |Spilsby     4|Alford      7|
+    33|Atcham                    pa|Salop    |Shrewsbury  4|Acton Burn. 6|
+    39|Atch-Lench               ham|Worcester|Evesham     4|Alcester    6|
+    54|Athan, St.[A]             pa|Glamorgan|Cowbridge   4|Cardiff    15|
+    12|Athelampton               pa|Dorset   |Dorchester  7|Bere Regis  7|
+    36|Athelington, or Allington pa|Suffolk  |Eye         5|Framlingham 8|
+    34|Athelney, Isle of           |Somerset |             |             |
+    11|Atherington               pa|Devon    |Torrington  7|Barnstaple  8|
+    39|Atherstone[B]      m.t. & pa|Warwick  |Nuneaton    6|Sheepy      3|
+   +--+----------------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|  Names of Places.          | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+----------------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+     3|Astwick                   pa|Baldock               3|   40|     97|
+     5|Astwood                   pa|Olney                 6|   51|    268|
+    24|Aswarby                   pa|Grantham             12|  110|    113|
+    24|Aswardby                  pa|Horncastle            8|  136|     80|
+    33|Atcham                    pa|Shiffnal             14|  149|    463|
+    39|Atch-Lench               ham|Pershore              7|  104|     82|
+    54|Athan, St.[A]             pa|Bridgend             10|  174|    312|
+    12|Athelampton               pa|Blandford            13|  116|     79|
+    36|Athelington, or Allington pa|Debenham              6|   88|    129|
+    34|Athelney, Isle of           |                       |     |       |
+    11|Atherington               pa|S. Molton             9|  204|    592|
+    39|Atherstone[B]      m.t. & pa|Tamworth              8|  105|   3870|
+   +--+----------------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ST. ATHAN. In this village is a castle, called East Orchard, built
+in the year 1691, by Roger Berkrols; it stands on the edge of an
+extensive flat: a luxuriant wild fig tree grows out of the cement of the
+chapel walls. Perhaps the Turkey fig tree might be propagated with more
+success, grafted upon this wildling, which probably originated in the
+cultivated fig planted in the gardens of the Norman lords. In St.
+Athan's church there are two uncommonly fine gothic monuments of the
+Berkrol's family: there are likewise in this parish the remains of two
+castles--West Orchard and Castleton; but these are not of such great
+antiquity. From this spot there is a good view of Fonmore, or Fronmon
+Castle, which is the most extensive and august of the Welch inhabited
+castles. The kitchen is said to be the largest in the kingdom. In
+Fronmon castle is an excellent portrait of Oliver Cromwell. The flat and
+steep-holms are seen from this neighbourhood: the former has its
+light-house. It is situated nearly ten miles from the sea lock of the
+canal, and three miles from the adjacent steep-holms, which is a smaller
+island than the former, though more conspicuous from its great height
+above the water; it is quite barren and uninhabited. The flat holms at
+low tide is an extensive sheet of mud, excepting one deep channel. The
+landing place is near the castle rock, a dangerous, but romantic beach,
+so called from its similarity to a castle, it is very large, and is said
+to resemble Abergavenny castle. In the centre is a bold arch, which at
+high water is covered. The hollow sound of the sea roaring through the
+arch, and the waves occasionally retreating, and then forcing their way
+back with redoubled fury, has an uncommonly fine effect. At low tide the
+shore all around the base is dry. The island is four or five miles in
+circumference; the soil is good, and would, if well cultivated, be very
+productive. From the light-house, which is 80 feet in height, is a
+delightful prospect of the Bristol Channel and the shores of Somerset
+and Glamorgan. It is the resort of many visitors in the summer season.
+
+[Sidenote: The largest inhabited castle in Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: Account of the dangerous beach.]
+
+
+[B] ATHERSTONE. This market town is supposed to have derived its name
+from "a stone" under which an "adder" of enormous size was found; it is
+situated on the Watling Street, and divided from Leicestershire by the
+river Anker, and was a place of some importance at the Conquest: at
+which time the town was given to the monks of Bee in Normandy, who
+obtained for it a market day and an annual fair, which brought it into
+consequence. A monastery of friars, (Hermits of Saint Augustine,) was
+founded at Atherstone in the year 1375. The church belonging to the
+friary was completed in the reign of Richard II. A free grammar school
+was founded here by Sir William Devereux and two other benevolent
+persons in the year 1573. The chancel of the friary church was
+appropriated to the use of this seminary, and is still dedicated to the
+same purpose. The mansion, or hall house was sometime after separated
+from the chapel, and rebuilt at a short distance upon a pleasant bank,
+commanding an extensive view over the adjacent counties of Leicester,
+Derby, and Stafford. Two nights before the battle of Bosworth Field
+(which is but nine miles distant), the Duke of Richmond lay at
+Atherstone, where he had his interview with the two Stanley's, in which
+such measures of co-operation were concerted as occasioned the overthrow
+of King Richard III., and it is said, that many persons from the
+subsequent battle were buried below this old mansion, from which the
+spot has retained the name of the bloody bank. It appears, however, to
+have been so called from being the place where contests of less serious
+results were usually decided by the young champions of the ancient
+foundation school, which is still supported by a respectable endowment.
+Atherstone Hall has recently been much improved by extended buildings
+and ornamental plantations. It is situated near Merevale Hall, the seat
+of D.S. Dugdale, Esq., and Grendon Hall, that of Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart.
+Here are manufactories of hats, ribbons, and shalloons, and considerable
+business is done at the four annual fairs; that in September being the
+most considerable in England for the sale of cheese. The passage of the
+Coventry canal, uniting with that of the Trent and Mersey, within a
+hundred yards of the town, adds very considerably to its facilities of
+trading. The poet Drayton, author of the "Polyolbion," was a native of
+Atherstone.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, April 7, for horses, cows, and sheep;
+   July 18, holyday; September 19, for horses, cows, and cheese;
+   December 4, for horses and fat cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 8.41 A.M.;
+   departs 5.36 P.M.--_Inns_, Red Lion, and Three Tuns.--_Bankers_, W.
+   and J.H. Chapman; draw upon Spooner and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: Some foreign monks obtained this market.]
+
+[Sidenote: Atherstone Hall.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.       |  County. | Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    39|Atherstone-upon-Stour pa|Warwick   |Stratford   3|Shipston   9|
+    22|Atherton, or        }   |Lancaster |Newton      7|Bolton     5|
+      |Chowbents to & chap }   |          |             |            |
+    10|Atlow               chap|Derby     |Ashbourn    4|Wirksworth 6|
+    51|Atpar               m.t.|Cardigan  |Newcastle   1|Cardigan  10|
+    30|Attenborough[A]       pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  6|Derby     10|
+    24|Atterly               to|Lincoln   |Mar. Rising 9|Brigg     10|
+    45|Attercliffe           to|W.R. York |Sheffield   2|Rotherham  4|
+    23|Atterton             ham|Leicester |Atherstone  3|Hinckley   6|
+    31|Attington ex.     p. ham|Oxford    |Tetsworth   1|Thame      3|
+    27|Attleborough[B] m.t. & p|Norfolk   |Norwich    15|Buckenham  4|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.       | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    39|Atherstone-upon-Stour pa|Campden                9|   92|    87|
+    22|Atherton, or        }   |Wigan                  7|  198|  4181|
+      |Chowbents to & chap }   |                        |     |      |
+    10|Atlow               chap|Derby                 13|  139|   517|
+    51|Atpar               m.t.|Carmarthen            21|  230|      |
+    30|Attenborough[A]       pa|Loughboro'            10|  119|  1094|
+    24|Atterly               to|Gainsboro'            12|  148|   110|
+    45|Attercliffe           to|Barnsley              13|  162|  3741|
+    23|Atterton             ham|Nuneaton               5|  105|    76|
+    31|Attington ex.     p. ham|Watlington             6|   42|     7|
+    27|Attleborough[B] m.t. & p|Watton                10|   94|  1939|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ATTENBOROUGH. This village, supposed to be the ancient Attenton,
+lies nearly on the banks of the river Trent. Its church is large, and
+also well filled: it serves for Chilwell, Toueton, and part of Bramcote.
+This place is remarkable, for having given birth to Henry Ireton, the
+regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was the eldest son of
+Gervase Ireton, Esq., and brother to Sir John Ireton, Lord Mayor of
+London in 1658. He was a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford,
+in 1629, and at the age of 19 he took one degree in Arts. Wood tells us,
+that he had the character in that college of a stubborn and saucy fellow
+towards the seniors. Afterwards he went to the Middle Temple, where he
+became grounded in the common law. When the rebellion broke out he took
+up arms against the king, was a recruiter in the long parliament, and
+about that time married Bridget, one of the daughters of Cromwell, then
+only colonel of a regiment. He became first a captain, afterwards
+colonel, and at length commissary-general, in 1645. He is said to have
+been the best prayer-maker and preacher in the whole army. He drew up
+the famous remonstrance requiring justice to be done on their sovereign.
+He sat as judge on the king's trial, and was one of the committee that
+appointed the time and place of execution. In Cromwell's expedition to
+Ireland, he was appointed second in command, with the rank of
+major-general, and was afterwards made president of Munster; being left
+as deputy by Cromwell, in 1649, he died the next year of a sudden
+disorder at Limerick. On his death, the parliament settled a pension of
+£2000. per annum on his widow and children, out of the estates of the
+Duke of Buckingham.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of the regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell.]
+
+
+[B] ATTLEBOROUGH, or ATTLEBURGH. This small market town was formerly a
+place of considerable consequence. During the Saxon era it was a post of
+strength and served as a check to the Danes in their predatory
+incursions. Its fortifications are said to have been conspicuous in the
+time of Henry II. Attleborough formerly belonged to the Mortimers; from
+them it passed to the Ratcliffe family, of whom it was purchased by Sir
+Francis Blickley, Bart., whence it came into possession of the family of
+Ash. A college, dedicated to the Holy Cross, was founded here in the
+reign of Richard II., by Sir Robert de Mortimer, for a custos and four
+fellows. The church, with the east end is entire; it is in the
+collegiate form, and consists of a large nave with aisles and a north
+and south transept; it contains the monuments of many persons of
+distinction. On a flat stone in the nave is an inscription to the memory
+of Captain John Gibbs, a celebrated horse racer and gamester, in the
+reign of Charles I. This person having laid a wager that he would drive
+his carriage and four horses up and down the steepest place of the
+Devil's Ditch, on Newmarket Heath, succeeded in winning the bet, by
+making a very light chaise, with a jointed perch, and without any pole.
+It is worthy of remark, that the first turnpike road in the kingdom, was
+made at Attleborough, by an Act passed for that purpose in 1707.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Thursday before Easter; Thursday after
+   Holy Trinity; August 15, for cattle and Toys.--_Mail_ arrives 7.27
+   A.M.; departs 6.38 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of Captain J. Gibbs.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.     | County.|  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------------+--------+--------------+--------------+
+    39|Attleborough       ham|Warwick |Nuneaton     1|Coventry     9|
+    27|Attlebridge         pa|Norfolk |Reepham      5|Aylesham     8|
+    46|Atwicke        to & pa|E.R.York|Hornsea      2|Bridlington 12|
+    24|Auborn         to & pa|Lincoln |Lincoln      8|Newark      10|
+    13|Auckland, St.}        |        |              |              |
+      |    Andrew[A]} to & pa|Durham  |Bp. Auckland 1|Darlington  11|
+    13|Auckland, St. Helen ch|Durham  | ...         3| ...        10|
+    13|Auckland, West      to|Durham  | ...         3| ...        10|
+    14|Audley End[B]      ham|Essex   |Saff. Walden 1|Newport      2|
+     7|Audlem         to & pa|Chester |Nantwich     6|Whitchurch   9|
+   +--+----------------------+--------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.     |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+--------------+
+    39|Attleborough       ham|Hinckley              5| 100|         |
+    27|Attlebridge         pa|Norwich               9| 112|      117|
+    46|Atwicke        to & pa|Beverley             13| 189|      285|
+    24|Auborn         to & pa|Navenby               6| 127|      356|
+    13|Auckland, St.}        |                       |    |         |
+      |    Andrew[A]} to & pa|Durham               11| 248|    11137|
+    13|Auckland, St. Helen ch| ...                 13| 246|      410|
+    13|Auckland, West      to| ...                 13| 246|     1106|
+    14|Audley End[B]      ham|Chesterford           4|  42|         |
+     7|Audlem         to & pa|Woore                 5| 163|     2978|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ST. ANDREWS, AUCKLAND. This place is celebrated for the church
+having been made collegiate by Bishop Beck, although it is probable
+there was some foundation here before the time of that prelate. The
+edifice is situated on a rising ground, in a valley near the banks of
+the river Gaunless, and has the form of a cross with a tower at the west
+end. In the inside is a curious wooden figure, said to be an effigy of
+one of the family of Polland, which represents a knight sitting
+cross-legged and dressed in a coat of mail, with his hands raised and
+his feet resting on a lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious effigy.]
+
+
+[B] AUDLEY END is principally celebrated for its vicinity to Audley
+House, which was sold by the third Earl of Suffolk, to Charles II., for
+£50,000., the king, however, left a great part of the sum on mortgage.
+The present mansion, though a large and magnificent structure, consists
+only of a small part of the original building, owing to its curtailment
+at various times. When in its perfect state, it was esteemed one of the
+most splendid and capacious mansions in the country; and, if not
+superior, was nearly equal to the palaces of Hampton Court, Nonsuch, and
+Richmond. At the time when it was first built, large, rather than
+comfortable or handsome houses were fashionable. Influenced by these
+sentiments, Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, (as Walpole
+observes,) determined to have "an immense pile of building," and
+£190,000. was expended upon its erection. It is said that, when the
+house was finished, King James was invited to see it. Having surveyed
+the structure with great astonishment, the earl asked him "how he liked
+it?" "Very well," replied James, "but troth man," continued he
+sarcastically, "it is too much for a king, but it may do for a Lord High
+Treasurer." An elegant domestic chapel, constructed by the late Lord
+Howard, occupies the north west corner of the house. It is fitted up
+with clustered columns, pointed arches, and fan like tracery; and, in
+imitation of a cathedral, it has a nave, side-aisles and transepts. The
+windows are filled with painted glass, by Pickett of York, who executed
+them in 1771, from Biaggio Rebecca's designs.
+
+   _Fair_, August 5, for cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of James I.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County.  |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    35|Audley          to & pa|Stafford  |Newcastle  4|Leek        14|
+    22|Aughton            chap|Lancaster |Lancaster  7|K. Lonsdale  8|
+    22|Aughton              pa|Lancaster |Ormskirk   2|Liverpool   10|
+    46|Aughton[A]      to & pa|E.R. York |Howden     7|Selby        7|
+    45|Aughton              to|W.R. York |Rotherham  5|Sheffield    7|
+    24|Aukborough[B]        pa|Lincoln   |Barton    10|Burton       3|
+    30|Aukley               to|Nottingham|Bawtry     5|Gainsboro'  13|
+    10|Ault-Hucknall        pa|Derby     |Mansfield  6|Chesterfield 7|
+    24|Aunsby               pa|Lincoln   |Folkingham 6|Sleaford     6|
+    15|Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]}|          |            |              |
+      |            ti. & chap}|Gloucester|Thornbury  4|Bristol     11|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    35|Audley          to & pa|Congleton             9|  154|    3617|
+    22|Aughton            chap|Burton                7|  217|     199|
+    22|Aughton              pa|Prescott             10|  208|    1462|
+    46|Aughton[A]      to & pa|York                 11|  189|     665|
+    45|Aughton              to|Tickhill             11|  156|        |
+    24|Aukborough[B]        pa|Howden               10|  172|     467|
+    30|Aukley               to|Doncaster             6|  158|     297|
+    10|Ault-Hucknall        pa|Bolsover              4|  144|     618|
+    24|Aunsby               pa|Grantham              9|  112|     117|
+    15|Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]}|                       |     |        |
+      |            ti. & chap}|Chepstow              5|  123|     203|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AUGHTON. This village is chiefly distinguished for having been the
+seat of an ancient and respectable family long since extinct, or
+dispersed. The Askes, who succeeded the family of Hai, resided here from
+about the year 1365, till the reign of Charles I., when the head of the
+family was one of the judges of that unfortunate monarch. Of this
+family, also, was Sir Robert Aske, a man of daring and enthusiastic
+courage, possessing considerable talents, who headed the insurrection
+called "the Pilgrimage of Grace," in the days of Henry VIII. Of the
+family seat, nothing remains but the site, marked by several moats.
+
+[Sidenote: Once the seat of Sir Robert Aske.]
+
+
+[B] AUKBOROUGH. Dr. Stukely having discovered a Roman castrum and a
+vicinal road here, supposed it to be the Aquis of Ravennas. The Roman
+station is square, each side 300 feet; the entrance is at the north, and
+the west side faces the steep cliff that over-hangs the Trent. The
+situation of this castle at the north-west angle of Lincolnshire,
+renders it a kind of watch tower over Nottingham and Yorkshire, which it
+surveys. The camp is now called "Countess Close," and tradition speaks
+of a Countess of Warwick having resided here. The vallum and ditch are
+nearly entire; a square plat called the "Oreen," is supposed to have
+been appropriated for the soldiers when on duty. Within this is a round
+walk into a labyrinth, called Julian's Bower; these bowers are usually
+found in the neighbourhood of Roman towns, and are objects of great
+curiosity to uninformed people. Dr. Stukeley is of opinion that they
+were the arena of some of their ancient games, brought into Italy from
+Troy, and that they derived their name from "borough," any work
+consisting of ramparts of earth, and not from "bower" an arbour. The
+views in this neighbourhood are very beautiful; the winding Trent with
+its rich level plains of meadow, all alive with herds of cattle; the
+cliff, commanding a noble view of the three rivers; the hanging woods
+and ornamented walks, all form a great contrast to what Lincolnshire is
+often represented by those who have visited only the fenny parts of this
+fertile county.
+
+[Sidenote: Julian's bower.]
+
+
+[C] AUST, or AUST CLIVE. Here is a celebrated ferry over the Severn into
+South Wales. The Proprætor, Ostorius Scapula, was accustomed to ferry
+his legions over near this place. In the time of Edward the Elder, who
+was lying here with his army, Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, was stationed
+at Beachley, on the opposite bank. Llewellyn, who was required to pay
+homage to the English Sovereign, refused to cross the passage; but
+Edward immediately crossing in a boat, was seen, as he approached the
+shore by Llewellyn, who, overcome by the condescension, rushed into the
+water, and taking the monarch upon his shoulders, carried him to land,
+and did him homage for the principality. The Severn is here nearly two
+miles across.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated passage into South Wales.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. | County.  |      Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+     8|Austell, or St.      }|          |           |             |
+      | Austle[A]  m.t. & pa}|Cornwall  |Truro    14|Lostwithiel 9|
+    45|Austerfield  to & chap|W.R. York |Bawtry    2|Thorne     11|
+     7|Austerson           to|Chester   |Northwich 4|Frodsham    6|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+     8|Austell, or St.      }|                      |     |       |
+      | Austle[A]  m.t. & pa}|Grampound            6|  243|   8758|
+    45|Austerfield  to & chap|Doncaster            9|  155|    280|
+     7|Austerson           to|Tarporley           10|  177|     69|
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ST. AUSTELL is a considerable market town, which belongs to the
+north-eastern division of the county, and is one of the polling places.
+The petty sessions of the hundred of Powder are held here. Considerable
+quantities of corn and other articles are brought to the market. The
+town is seated on the eastern side of a hill which slopes gradually to a
+rivulet which runs along a narrow valley; this stream, and the
+inequality of the ground, have been rendered eminently useful to the
+manufactories of the neighbourhood. The water which has been conducted
+round the side of the hills, in its course impels the machinery of
+several stamping-mills, which have been erected on different levels. It
+is also employed to cleanse and separate the tin from the pounded mass.
+Through its vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth, St. Austell has
+within the last sixty or seventy years, considerably increased in the
+number of its houses and inhabitants. The holding of the Blackmore Court
+here, which is the most considerable of the stannary courts, or courts
+relating to the tin works, have also contributed to augment its
+prosperity. The old town, or rather village, was at some little distance
+to the east, and its site is still marked by a few cottages; the present
+town is the regular thoroughfare for travellers from Plymouth to
+Falmouth; the streets are very narrow, and not having any pavement for
+foot passengers are somewhat unsafe. The only blowing houses in the
+county are at the east end of this town; they are three in number, and
+very spacious; the old smelting houses are supplied with coals, and are
+reverberatory; but in these blowing houses the fire is of charcoal, and
+ignited by air impelled through tubes by cylinders instead of bellows;
+this mode of fluxing the ore is considered by the workmen far preferable
+to the other. The inhabitants of this town, from its proximity to the
+sea, are principally employed in the pilchard fishery and in mining;
+there is however a small manufactory of serges. The parish church is a
+fine old fabric, consisting of three aisles; the tower and some other
+parts of the structure are fancifully ornamented; various carvings,
+monstrous heads, angels, and other figures appear on the cornices. From
+the repetition of the shovel, pick, hammers, and other tools, it seems
+probable that the miners were the principle contributors towards the
+expences of the building. In the year 1774, as some tinners were
+searching for tin in a stream work near the town, about seventeen feet
+under the surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is
+now used for wine at the Communion table, in which were several ancient
+pieces of gold and silver ornaments; they consisted of bracelets, rings,
+and buckles, evidently for a person of high rank, with many of the most
+curious Saxon coins ever discovered at one time. All these articles fell
+out on moving the ground, and some were probably lost in shovelling out
+the rubbish; those which were picked up were dispersed about the
+country, and many of them broken. The celebrated Pentuan stone quarry,
+from which the materials of many churches and family seats have been
+taken, is in this parish. Polgooth mine (before mentioned) was
+considered the richest ever worked in England, and is situated about two
+miles south-west of the town. The surrounding country appears for many
+miles bleak, desolate, and barren, yet its bowels contain vast
+treasures; though, as a talented author has observed, "like the shabby
+mien of a miser, its aspect does not correspond with its hoards." The
+shafts by which the miners descend, and through which the ore is raised
+to the surface, are scattered over a considerable extent of sterile
+ground, whose dreary appearance, and the sallow countenances of the
+miners, concur to excite ideas of gloom, apprehension, and melancholy.
+The number of shafts is not less than fifty, from twenty to thirty of
+which are constantly in use. When a stranger is induced to descend, he
+is previously accoutred in a flannel shirt and trowsers, a close cap, an
+old hat to shelter his face from droppings, and a thick pair of shoes. A
+lighted candle is put into one hand, and a spare one suspended to a
+button of his jacket. Every part of the ordinary clothing is laid aside,
+and the flannel dress worn close to the skin, in order to absorb the
+profuse perspiration which the closeness of the mine or the labour of
+mounting the ladders may occasion.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, Whit Thursday, and Nov. 30, for oxen,
+   sheep, and cloth.--_Mail_ arrives 12.35 afternoon; departs 10.27.
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Blackmore Court held here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Silver cup found 17 ft. under ground.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County.  |      Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    45|Austhorpe[A]         to|W.R. York |Leeds        4|Wetherby   10|
+     9|Austhwaite          ham|Cumberland|Ravenglass  11|Ulverston  10|
+    45|Austonley            to|W.R. York |Huddersfield 8|Barnsley    9|
+    39|Austrey              pa|Warwick   |Tamworth     6|Atherstone  7|
+    45|Austwick             to|W.R. York |Settle       5|Ingleton    9|
+    24|Authorpe             pa|Lincoln   |Alford       4|Louth       7|
+    41|Avebury, or Abury[B] pa|Wilts     |Marlborough  7|Swindon    11|
+    14|Aveley               pa|Essex     |Purfleet     2|G. Thurrock 4|
+    17|Avenbury             pa|Hereford  |Bromyard     2|Ledbury    13|
+    15|Avening              pa|Gloucester|Tetbury      4|M. Hampton  5|
+    30|Averham[C]           pa|Nottingham|Newark       3|Southwell   5|
+    11|Aveton-Gifford       pa|Devon     |Modbury      3|Dartmouth  13|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+    45|Austhorpe[A]         to|Abberford               5|  189|    150|
+     9|Austhwaite          ham|Bootle                  7|  283|    101|
+    45|Austonley            to|Wakefield              11|  181|   1420|
+    39|Austrey              pa|Orton                   2|  112|    540|
+    45|Austwick             to|Hawes                  20|  241|    614|
+    24|Authorpe             pa|Horncastle             13|  144|    121|
+    41|Avebury, or Abury[B] pa|Calne                   6|   82|    747|
+    14|Aveley               pa|Wennington              4|   21|    758|
+    17|Avenbury             pa|Hereford               15|  125|    314|
+    15|Avening              pa|Horseley                3|   99|   2396|
+    30|Averham[C]           pa|Tuxford                13|  127|    182|
+    11|Aveton-Gifford       pa|Kingsbridge             5|  208|    939|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] AUSTHORPE. This township gave birth to the celebrated civil engineer
+John Smeaton, distinguished as the architect of Eddystone Light-house,
+and, as the conductor of various other important undertakings. He was
+the son of an attorney, who, observing that he had a strong taste for
+mechanics, wisely allowed him to follow the impulse of his genius, and
+become a mathematical instrument maker. He commenced business in that
+capacity, in Holborn, London, in 1750. His great undertaking--the
+erection of the light-house on the Eddystone rock, was accomplished in
+the year 1759, and it was executed in such a manner as almost to bid
+defiance to the power of time or accident. His death took place in his
+native village, September 8, 1792.--See Eddystone Light-house.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of Smeaton the architect.]
+
+
+[B] AVEBURY or ABURY, is situated within the very area of a British
+temple, and claims the particular attention of the topographer and
+antiquary. The enclosure, which is formed by a wide and deep ditch, and
+a lofty external vallum, contains many large stones, some of which are
+erect, and the others lying on the ground. Southward of this place, at
+some distance, are other large stones, erect or prostrate; and,
+westward, are two others, erect. Several walls and houses of the village
+are constructed with broken masses of these ponderous monuments; yet
+enough remains to excite curiosity and prompt research. The following is
+a description of this great temple, in its original state:--Immediately
+within the ditch, and encompassing the whole area, was a continued
+series of large upright stones, consisting of one hundred in number;
+these stones were placed at the distance of twenty-seven feet from each
+other, and usually measured from fifteen to seventeen feet in height,
+and about forty feet in circumference. Within the area of this circle,
+the diameter of which was about 1400 feet, were two double circles; the
+exterior circles were about 466 feet in diameter, and formed by thirty
+stones of similar dimensions equally distant from each other, as in the
+large enclosing circle. Of these singular stones there are but few
+remaining; but from the extraordinary dimension of these relics of
+antiquity, the traveller may judge for himself the correctness of our
+notice.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Beckhampton Inn, (1 mile distant,) at 5.20 morning;
+   departs 9.45 night.
+
+[Sidenote: A British temple formed of enormous stones.]
+
+
+[C] AVERHAM. This place is principally remarkable for a monument
+contained in the church erected to the memory of Sir William Sutton,
+once lord of the manor, on which it is quaintly recorded that he had
+sixteen children, and an equal number of each sex; of whom the one half
+
+   "Ushered to heaven their father, and the other
+   Remained behind him to attend their mother."
+
+      |                        |          |
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | County.  |     Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+     4|Avington[A]           pa|Berks     |Hungerford  3|Newbury      6|
+    18|Avington[B]           pa|Hants     |Winchester  5|Alresford    4|
+    41|Avon                chap|Wilts     |Chippenham  3|Malmsbury    9|
+    39|Avon Dassett          pa|Warwick   |Banbury     6|Kineton      6|
+    11|Awliscombe            pa|Devon     |Honiton     2|Ottery St.M. 6|
+    16|Awre                  pa|Gloucester|Blakeney    3|Berkeley     3|
+    34|Axbridge[C] bo. m.t. & p|Somerset  |Wells      10|Chedder      2|
+    41|Axford                ti|Wilts     |Marlborough 3|Ramsbury     4|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+      |                        |                        |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.     |  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+     4|Avington[A]           pa|Kintbury               2|   62|     191|
+    18|Avington[B]           pa|Basingstoke           14|   60|      26|
+    41|Avon                chap|Calne                  7|   94|     226|
+    39|Avon Dassett          pa|Southam                9|   75|        |
+    11|Awliscombe            pa|Collumpton            10|  154|     598|
+    16|Awre                  pa|Newnham                4|  124|    1309|
+    34|Axbridge[C] bo. m.t. & p|Bristol               18|  130|     998|
+    41|Axford                ti|Albourne               5|   73|     450|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AVINGTON. Sir Francis Burdett is lord of this manor, and patron of
+the rectory. The church, which remains nearly in its original state,
+exhibits a curious specimen of Saxon architecture. Within the walls it
+measures 75 feet by 14 feet and a half. The nave is separated from the
+chancel by an arch richly ornamented by a zig-zag moulding, and a great
+variety of grotesque heads springing from two enriched piers; the arch
+is formed of the segments of two circles, each having different centres.
+In this church there is also a very singular font, of rude workmanship,
+surrounded with grotesque figures, executed in bass-relief; that is to
+say, sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in
+their full proportion.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Francis Burdett.]
+
+
+[B] AVINGTON, anciently Abyngton, is remarkable for its beautiful park,
+the seat of Chandos Grenville, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant of
+the county of Bucks. The manor was originally a royal demesne, or estate
+in lands, and was given by king Edgar to the monastery of St. Swithin at
+Winchester, in the year 961; it continued in the possession of that
+house until the dissolution of monasteries, when it became the property
+of the clerks of Mitcheldever, (a village about five miles distant,)
+with whom it remained until the reign of Elizabeth; and then passed to
+the Bruges, or Brydges family, afterwards raised to the dukedom of
+Chandos. Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of Shrewsbury,
+married one of this family; her former husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury,
+died from a wound received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during
+the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to hold the horse of
+her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles the Second was frequently the
+guest of this notorious woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus
+became the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures. The mansion,
+which is mostly built of brick, has been greatly improved since it came
+into the possession of the present proprietor. It is situated in a well
+planted and secluded valley, nearly environed with high downs, which
+from their bare and open state, form a singular though not unpleasing
+contrast with the scenery immediately contiguous to the house. Several
+of the apartments are fitted up with great elegance, and enriched by a
+choice collection of valuable paintings.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Buckingham.]
+
+[Sidenote: A seat of one of the paramours of Charles II.]
+
+
+[C] AXBRIDGE. This town is one of the polling places for the eastern
+division of the county of Somerset, but the court for the election of
+the Knights of the Shire is at Wells. The borough sent members to
+parliament during the reigns of the three first Edwards, but was
+afterwards excused on the plea of poverty. It consists chiefly of one
+street, winding from east to west, about half a mile in length. The
+shambles and market are towards the east end. Although so small, it is
+governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten
+aldermen, and twenty-two burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and
+other officers. Knit hose are manufactured in this town. The church,
+occupying an eminence, near the market-house, is a large and handsome
+gothic structure, in the form of a cross. The cloth of the communion
+table is elegantly wrought in silk, by Mrs. Abigail, who employed seven
+years in completing it. This lady, and several of her family, have
+monuments in the church.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Feb 23, and March 25, for cattle,
+   sheep, cheese, and toys.--_Mail_ arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.0
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: A borough excused on a plea of poverty.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. | County.  |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+    11|Axminster[A] m.t.|Devon     |Bridport     12|Honiton   10|
+    11|Axmouth        pa|Devon     |Colyton       3|Sidmouth   9|
+    13|Aycliffe-Great}  |Durham    |Darlington    5|Sedgfield  7|
+      |        to & p}  |          |               |            |
+    29|Aydon          to|Northumb  |Hexham        6|Corbridge  2|
+    29|Aydon-Castle   to|Northumb  |              6|           2|
+    15|Aylburton    chap|Gloucester|Blakeney      5|Coleford   7|
+    11|Aylesbear to&  pa|Devon     |Ottery, St.M. 5|Exeter    10|
+     5|Aylesbury[B] bo.}|Bucks     |Tring         7|Winslow   11|
+      |       m.t. & pa}|          |               |            |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. |  Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+    11|Axminster[A]  m.t.|Lyme Regis              6|  147|  2719|
+    11|Axmouth         pa|  "    "                6|  153|   646|
+    13|Aycliffe-Great}   |Durham                 13|  246|  1564|
+      |         to & p}  |                         |     |      |
+    29|Aydon           to|Newcastle              15|  277|    99|
+    29|Aydon-Castle    to|                       15|  277|    29|
+    15|Aylburton     chap|Chepstow                8|  120|   388|
+    11|Aylesbear to &  pa|Sidmouth                8|  166|  1025|
+     5|Aylesbury[B]  bo.}|Wendover                5|   38|  4907|
+      |        m.t. & pa}|                         |     |      |
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] AXMINSTER is very irregularly built, and the houses are inelegant,
+but the air of the town is reckoned highly salubrious. The petty
+sessions of the hundred of Axminster are held here. The lower orders are
+mostly employed in manufacturing carpets, leather breeches, gloves, &c.
+The manner of weaving carpets here is different from that pursued at
+most other places; the carpets being woven in the piece, and several
+hands employed at the same loom. The common patterns are flowers, roses,
+&c., though the Turkey and Persian carpets have been imitated with
+success. In many large pieces Roman tesselated pavements have been
+copied, which have produced a very rich effect. The tunnel between
+Charmouth and was opened in the month of January, 1832. This improvement
+is substantially constructed with an elliptic arch, capable of allowing
+two stage waggons of the largest size to pass on it, and is rather more
+than seventy yards in length. By the completion of this tunnel the
+longest and steepest hill between London and Exeter is avoided. A
+gentleman who visited the tunnel during the height of the ensuing
+summer, remarked the astonishing coolness which he felt within this
+hill's enclosed semi-cylinder; no sooner, however, had he left it, than
+he fainted from the difference of temperature between this subterraneous
+passage and that of the open air.
+
+   _Market_. Saturday--_Fairs_, St. Marks Day; April 30; Wednesday after
+   June 24; Wednesday after Oct 10.--_Mail_ arrives 1.20 afternoon;
+   departs 12.51 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Trade.]
+
+[Sidenote: A remarkable tunnel through a lofty hill.]
+
+
+[B] AYLESBURY. The Æglesbury of the Saxons, is a considerable market
+town, situated near the centre of the county, rising gradually on all
+sides in a rich and extensive tract, denominating the "Vale of
+Aylesbury." Drayton in his Poly-Albion has the following lines
+descriptive of this celebrated vale:--
+
+   Aylesbury's vale that walloweth in her wealth,
+   And (by her wholesome air continually in health)
+   Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength.
+
+This was originally a strong British town, which maintained its
+independence till the year 571, when it was reduced by the West Saxons.
+In the year 600, it became famous as the burial place of St. Osyth, who
+was born at Quarrendon, two miles distance, and beheaded in Essex by the
+Pagans. Her relics were interred in this church, and are said to have
+performed many miracles; a religious house was founded in honour of
+William the Conqueror, who parcelled it out under the singular
+tenure:--that the tenants should find litter or straw for the king's
+bedchamber three times a year, if he came that way so often, and provide
+him with three eels in winter, and three green geese in summer. In the
+reign of Henry VIII., the manor was sold by Thomas Boleyn, Earl of
+Wilts, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, to Sir John Baldwin, whose daughter
+took it in marriage to Robert Pakington, who was murdered in the year
+1537, on account of his zeal for the reformed religion. It continued in
+this family till the year 1801, when it was sold by Sir John Pakington,
+Bart., to the Marquis of Buckingham. How completely the manor and the
+town itself were in the possession of the Pakington family, will appear
+from the following remarkable letter preserved in the Chapel of the
+Rolls, among the returns of Parliament writs of the fourteenth of Queen
+Elizabeth:--"To all Christian people, to whom this present writing shall
+come: I, Dorothy Pakington, late wife of Sir John Pakington, lord and
+owner of the town of Aylesbury, send greeting. Know ye me, the said
+Dorothy Pakington, to have chosen, named, and appointed my trusty and
+well-beloved Thomas Litchfield, and George Burden, Esqrs., to be my
+burgesses of my said town of Aylesbury; and whatever the said Thomas and
+George, burgesses, shall do in the service of the Queen's Highness in
+the Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the 8th of May next
+ensuing the date hereof, I the same Dorothy Pakington do ratify and
+approve to be of my own act as fully and wholly as if I were witness or
+present there. In witness whereof, to these presents, I have set my
+seal, this 4th day of May, in the 14th year of the reign of my Sovereign
+Lady Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland,
+Queen, &c." Aylesbury was made a borough town by a charter of Queen
+Mary, in 1554. The Reform Bill has made no alteration in the number of
+members. The electors are those of the old constituency, consisting of
+freeholders of the hundred, and house-keepers not receiving alms; the
+freeholders of the hundred are estimated at 838; and the ten pound
+householders at 314; total 1152. The limits of the borough are
+unaltered, and the returning officers are the constables of the borough.
+The town is also one of the polling places for this county, which now
+returns three members. The county gaol is still at Aylesbury, but the
+Summer Assizes were restored to Buckingham, through the exertions of
+Lord Cobham and the Grenville family in the year 1758. The only
+manufacture at Aylesbury is that of lace-making: the weekly market is a
+very plentiful one for provision, and much business is done here at the
+annual fairs.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday--_Fairs_, Friday after Jan. 18; Saturday before
+   Palm Sunday; May 8; June 14; September 25; October 12, for cattle.
+   _Bankers_, Rickford and Son, draw on Praed's and Co--_Mail_ arrives
+   12.40 morning; departs 2.19 morning.--_Inns_, George, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: St. Osyth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular tenure of this manor.]
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable Parliamentary writ.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.  | County. |    Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+    24|Aylesby         pa|Lincoln  |G. Grimsby 4|Barton      17|
+    21|Aylesford[A]    pa|Kent     |Maidstone  4|Rochester    5|
+    23|Aylestone  to & pa|Leicester|Leicester  3|Lutterworth 10|
+    27|Aylmerton       pa|Norfolk  |Cromer     3|Holt         9|
+   +--+------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    24|Aylesby         pa|Caistor              9|  166|     144|
+    21|Aylesford[A]    pa|Wrotham              8|   32|    1301|
+    23|Aylestone  to & pa|Hinckley            10|   96|     758|
+    27|Aylmerton       pa|Aylsham              2|  125|     284|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AYLESFORD is seated on the banks of the Medway, by which the parish
+is divided. The church is so singularly situated, from being placed on a
+rising ground, that persons in the churchyard can almost look down the
+chimnies of the houses. The neighbourhood is famed as having been the
+spot where, we are told by ancient historians, a sanguinary battle was
+fought in 445, between the Britons and Saxons; the conflict having taken
+place about five years after the first landing of the latter in Britain.
+It appears from our chronicles that Vortimer, then monarch of this
+island, having first defeated his enemies on the banks of the Darent, in
+Kent, pursued their routed forces to Aylesford; at which place the
+Saxons had passed to the eastern side of the Medway, where a most
+obstinate and bloody battle took place between the contending armies,
+when the fate of the day, having long remained undecided, at length
+terminated favourably for the Britons. In that decisive affair, Horsa,
+brother of Hengist, the Saxon chief, and Catigrinus, brother to King
+Vortimer, are said to have contended hand to hand, when both died
+bravely upon the spot. Horsa, | if tradition may be credited, was
+interred about three miles north of Aylesford, at a spot still bearing
+the name of Horsted; that is to say, "the place of Horsa;" where, in the
+adjoining fields, large stones are still dispersed over the soil; some
+in erect positions, while others, from lapse of time, have been thrown
+down; being, there is little doubt, placed there as memorials of the
+Saxon warriors slain in that famous encounter. Prince Cartigrinus is
+supposed to have been inhumed still nearer the field of slaughter, on
+the summit of an acclivity, about one mile north of Aylesford, and a
+quarter of a mile west from the high road leading from Rochester to
+Maidstone; at which place, Kitt's Cotty House still stands, as
+represented in our engraving. This memorial consists of four large
+stones, of the pebble kind, two placed in the ground, being partly
+upright, forming two sides, a third standing in the middle between them,
+while the fourth, being the largest, is laid transversely over them,
+thus forming a covering. None of these stones bear the imprint of the
+chisel, or any sign whatsoever of manual labour. Alfred and Edmund
+Ironside defeated the Danes in this vicinity. Sir Charles Sedley, of
+poetical and dissolute notoriety, was a native of this place; as was
+also Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated eastern traveller.
+
+[Sidenote: The site of a Saxon battle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Kitt's Cotty House.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County. |    Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    27|Aylsham[A]    m.t. & pa|Norfolk  |Norwich    12|Cromer    11|
+    17|Aylton               pa|Hereford |Ledbury     4|Ross      11|
+    17|Aymestery       to & pa|Hereford |Leominster  9|Kington   11|
+    28|Aynho[B]             pa|Northamp |Brackley    6|Banbury    7|
+    18|Ayott, St. Lawrence  pa|Herts    |Welwyn      3|Luton      7|
+    18|Ayott, St. Peter     pa|Herts    |            2|Hatfield   5|
+    43|Aysgarth        to & pa|N.R. York|Middleham   9|Askrigg    4|
+    32|Ayston               pa|Rutland  |Uppingham   1|Okeham     6|
+    43|Ayton East      to & pa|N.R. York|Scarborough 4|N. Malton 16|
+    43|Ayton West           to|N.R. York|            5|          16|
+    43|Ayton Great     to & pa|N.R. York|Stokesley   4|Guisboro'  5|
+    43|Ayton Little    to & pa|N.R. York|            4|           5|
+    45|Azerley, or Cozenley to|W.R. York|Ripon       5|Masham     5|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    27|Aylsham[A]    m.t. & pa|Reepham               7|  118|  2334|
+    17|Aylton               pa|Hereford             11|  124|   126|
+    17|Aymestery       to & pa|Ludlow               11|  146|  1006|
+    28|Aynho[B]             pa|Buckingham           11|   63|   664|
+    18|Ayott, St. Lawrence  pa|St. Albans            7|   28|   134|
+    18|Ayott, St. Peter     pa|                      7|   25|   271|
+    43|Aysgarth        to & pa|Reeth                 7|  241|  5796|
+    32|Ayston               pa|Rockingham            6|   90|   101|
+    43|Ayton East      to & pa|Whitby               20|  217|   360|
+    43|Ayton West           to|                     20|  217|   256|
+    43|Ayton Great     to & pa|Stockton             10|  240|  1105|
+    43|Ayton Little    to & pa|                     10|  240|    68|
+    45|Azerley, or Cozenley to|Bedale               11|  217|   579|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] AYLSHAM is situated on the southern side of the river Brue, which is
+navigable hence to Yarmouth, for barges of about 13 tons burthen.
+Aylsham during the reigns of Edward II. and III., was the chief town in
+this part of the kingdom for the linen manufacture; but in succeeding
+reigns, that business was superseded by the woollen manufacture; and in
+the time of James I., the inhabitants were principally employed in
+knitting worsted stockings, breeches, and waistcoat pieces. Since the
+introduction of frame knitting, that trade has also been lost; the town
+is governed by a bailiff. Aylsham church is said to have been erected by
+John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the court of which duchy was at one
+period held here. There is a spa in the neighbourhood, the water of
+which has obtained considerable reputation for its medicinal properties
+in chronic disorders.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, March 23; last Tuesday in September for
+   lean cattle, ordinary horses, and pedlary; and October 6, for
+   cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 12.30 afternoon; departs 2.0
+   afternoon.--_Bankers_, Copeman and Co., draw upon Hankey and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: Trade.]
+
+
+[B] AYNHO is a large and respectable village seated on a rock, below
+which issues a powerful spring of water, called the Town Well, which
+after running through the vale below, contributes to the supply of the
+Charwell. The church contains numerous monuments, several of which
+belong to the Cartwright family, who have long been in possession of the
+manor, and whose descendant R.W. Cartwright, Esq., has a handsome seat,
+the interior of which is adorned with a fine collection of paintings. An
+hospital was founded here for poor and sick travellers. The building is
+still standing, but is now occupied as a private house.
+
+[Sidenote: Town Well.]
+
+
+       RIVERS.
+   +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+        Name.        |    Rises.      |        Falls.
+   +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+     Aire[A]         |  Yorkshire     |  Ouse.
+     Alan            |  Cornwall      |  St. George's Channel.
+     Ald             |  Suffolk       |  Sea near Aldborough.
+     Alder           |  Sussex        |  Sea at Shoreham
+     Allen           |  Dorsetshire   |  Stour
+     Allen           |  Flintshire    |
+     Allow, East     |  Durham        |  Tyne.
+     Allow, West     |  Northum       |  Tyne.
+     Allow, West     |  Anglesea      |  Irish Sea
+     Alne[B]         |  Northumb      |  Tyne.
+     Alt             |  Lancashire    |  Irish Sea
+     Amond           |  Caermar       |  Lougher
+     Ancholme[C]     |  Lincolnshire  |  Humber.
+     Ande            |  Hants         |
+     Angel           |  Montgom       |  Dovey.
+     Ankham          |  Lincolnshire  |  Humber.
+     Anker           |  Leicestersh   |  Tame.
+     Annisor         |  Pembrokesh    |  Irish Sea
+     Arrow           |  Herefordsh    |  Lug
+     Arrow           |  Worcestersh   |  Avon.
+     Arth            |  Cardigansh    |  Irish Sea.
+     Artro           |  Merionethsh   |  Landeber.
+     Arun            |  Sussex        |  Sea.
+     Astery          |  Sussex        |  Sea.
+     Atree           |  Cornwall      |  Tamer.
+     Aune            |  Devonshire    |  Sea.
+     Avon Upper[D]   |  Northamp      |  Severn.
+     Avon Lower[E]   |  Wiltshire     |  English Channel.
+     Avon            |  Glamorgansh   |  Severn.
+     Avon, West      |  Goucestersh   |  Severn.
+     Avon            |  Monmouthsh    |  Uske.
+     Avon            |  Merionethsh   |  Irish Sea.
+     Axe             |  Dorsetshire   |  British Channel.
+     Axe             |  Somersetsh    |  Severn.
+     Ayron           |  Cardigansh    |  Irish Sea.
+   +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+
+
+[A] AIRE, (The) rises from a small lake on the moors of Yorkshire,
+north-east from Settle, descending through Aire-dale and Craven in its
+course to the south-east, which it pursues as far as Leeds, where,
+turning eastward, and meeting the Calder, it passes under Ferrybridge,
+flowing through the flattest portion of Yorkshire; and receiving the
+Don, a little north of Snaith, it unites with the Ouse above Booth
+Ferry, near Howden. This river is of greater extent than the Calder, and
+much its superior in navigation, being also joined by numerous canals
+from the west. Its origin is almost mountainous, in the midst of the
+wildest moors; and Aire-dale retains much of the same characteristic
+features of that line of country. The district of Craven is singularly
+romantic, being a rich vale, bounded by high hills, with the town of
+Skipton in its centre; below which it forms a beautiful valley to
+Keighley, full of trade and population; the Aire passes the picturesque
+ruin of Kirkstall Abbey, in its way to Leeds, the manufactories and
+villas of which flourishing place, and its vicinity, encompass its
+banks; after which it divides one of the richest plains in the kingdom
+to Ferrybridge, not far from the eminence where the town of Pontefract
+appears a conspicuous object, with its ruined castle and ancient church.
+Afterwards the Aire can boast little of beauty, as it advances through a
+level district to join the Ouse.
+
+[Sidenote: Booth Ferry.]
+
+[Sidenote: Kirkstall Abbey.]
+
+
+[B] ALNE, (The) is a small river which rises on the border of
+Roxburgshire, but within the limits of Northumberland, and a little
+north of the source of the Coquet. The great and attractive objects
+which grace its borders are placed in the far-extended territory of the
+Duke of Northumberland, at the entrance to which the lofty building,
+called Brisley Tower, thickly environed by plantations, overlooks all
+the wild country of Northumberland, including the bold range of
+Cheviot-hills on the north-west, close to the Scottish border. The Alne
+then enters a charming valley, beneath the ivied walls of Hulne Abbey,
+winding delightfully between lawns, woods, and groupes of trees and
+cottages, admirably disposed. From these monastic and rustic recesses,
+the river emerges into a spacious park, widened considerably by art, and
+gliding through the arches of a fine Castellan bridge, is proudly
+overlooked by the numerous towers, and lofty citadel of Alnwick Castle,
+the superb seat of the Northumberland family.
+
+[Sidenote: Brisley Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alnwick Castle.]
+
+
+[C] ANCHOLME. This small river, rising in the wolds of Lincolnshire, not
+far from Market Raisin, is navigable from Glandford Bridge to the
+Humber, and in its course intersecting the extensive tract of the Wolds,
+which stretches out from Lincoln northward to Barton, and forms a ridge
+across some intermediate valleys, terminates in the fens near Spilsby
+Louth. Brocklesby Park, in the extensive domains of Lord Yarborough,
+occupies the centre of this district, on the highest point of which his
+lordship has built a superb chapel and mausoleum, in a very excellent
+Grecian taste, adorned with appropriate statues and marbles, from Italy.
+This building, from its position, commands the whole surrounding
+country, with the port of Hull, across the Humber; forming also a
+sea-mark, and an interesting object, admirable for the elegance of its
+design and execution. Thornton College is a curious remnant of antiquity
+in this neighbourhood, founded in the reign of King Stephen; great part
+of which is yet preserved, with some modern additions.
+
+
+[D] AVON, (The Upper) rising in Northamptonshire, on the borders of
+Leicestershire, adds great beauty to the delightful territory of Warwick
+Castle, as it flows beneath the cliff on which those lofty towers
+projecting before the town and church are situated. It then glides
+through a charming country to Stratford-on-Avon, celebrated as the
+birth-place of Shakspeare, and where the remains of the immortal bard
+are deposited. From thence it traverses the great level of
+Worcestershire by Evesham, having received the lesser Stour at
+Stratford, and turning to the South at Pershore, meets the Severn at the
+flourishing town of Tewksbury.
+
+[Sidenote: Warwick Castle.]
+
+
+[E] AVON (The Lower) rises in the hilly district of North Wiltshire,
+bordering on Gloucestershire, not far from Wootton Basset; its source is
+near that of the great river Thames, and both are said to have their
+origin from various springs, not accurately defined. Emerging from the
+hills, it makes a compass to fall into the vale leading from Christian
+Malford to Chippenham, advancing through the cloathing district of
+Wiltshire, bordering upon that of Somersetshire, and for a considerable
+extent divides those counties. Its course is at first southward, making
+a long compass by the west towards the north, and then to the west; at
+last, encircling the city of Bath on two sides, from whence it pursues
+nearly the same direction, with frequent meanders to Bristol. It then
+inclines to the north-west, as it conveys the abundant trade of that
+opulent city to the Severn, by its conflux constituting the Bristol
+Channel at King's-road.
+
+[Sidenote: Bath.]
+
+
+
+
+B.
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    34|Babcary       pa|Somerset |Somerton    4|Ilchester  5|
+    27|Babingley,[A] pa|Norfolk  |Cas. Rising 2|Lynn       6|
+      |  or Baburghley |         |             |            |
+    34|Babington     pa|Somerset |Frome       5|Bath      10|
+     6|Babraham[B]   pa|Cambridge|Linton      4|Cambridge  5|
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    34|Babcary       pa|Castle-Cary           7|  120|   453|
+    27|Babingley,[A] pa|Heacham               8|  102|    38|
+      |  or Baburghley |                       |     |      |
+    34|Babington     pa|Shepton Mal.          9|  109|   206|
+     6|Babraham[B]   pa|Newmarket            12|   51|   273|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BABINGLEY. In this parish, the first Christian church in East Anglia
+is said to have been built. Several hills in the vicinity, called
+Christian Hills, render the opinion highly probable. The village is
+situated near that part of the Lincolnshire wash called Lynn Deeps.
+
+
+[B] BABRAHAM, anciently Badburham, is situated in the hundred of
+Chilford. This place, which was one of the manors of Algar, Earl of
+Mercia, at the time of the Norman survey, formerly had a market on
+Mondays. About the year 1576, the whole manorial property in the parish
+fell into the possession of Sir Horatio Palavicini, a Genoese. According
+to the tradition of the neighbourhood, this gentleman was collector of
+the Pope's taxes in England, in the reign of Queen Mary, on whose death,
+and the consequent change in religion under Elizabeth, he (like the
+Vicar of Bray,) changed his faith, converted the Pope's money to his own
+use, and settled in this country. The following whimsical epitaph
+relates to this occurrence: it is printed in "Lord Orford's Anecdotes of
+Painting"--
+
+   "Here lyes Horatio Palavazine,
+   Who robbed the Pope to lend the Queen.
+   He was a thief--a thief? Thou lyest:
+   For what! he robb'd but Antichrist,
+   Him death with besome swept from Bab'ram.
+   Into the bosom of ould Abraham:
+   But then came Hercules with his club,
+   And struck him down to Belzebub."
+
+Sir Horatio was in great favour with Queen Elizabeth. He was
+naturalised, by patent, in 1516, and commanded one of the English
+men-of-war in the great battle with the Spanish Armada, in 1588; and he
+was employed by the Queen, in her negotiations with the German Princes:
+he died at his seat, in this parish, on the 6th of July, 1600. It
+appears by the register kept in the church, that his children were
+baptized and buried here: it is also recorded, that the marriage of Sir
+Horatio's widow with Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle, took
+place exactly a year and a day after her husband's decease. The poor of
+this parish are partly maintained by a bequest of £97. a year, expended
+under certain restrictions imposed by the donor. Here is an alms-house,
+and a free school, founded by Levinus Bush, Esq., and his sister, Mrs.
+Judith Bennet; and the yearly sum of £25. is appropriated to the
+apprenticing of children.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular anecdote of the Pope's Tax-gatherer.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen's favorite.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |   Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    30|Babworth[A]   pa|Nottingham|East Retford 1|Blyth       6|
+    56|Bacheldre, or   |Montgomery|Bis. Castle  4|Montgomery  5|
+      |  Bacheldref  to|          |              |             |
+    10|Bachymbyd     to|Denbigh   |Ruthin       3|Denbigh     6|
+    49|Bach-Yrys, or   |Caermarth |Llanelly     4|Lougher     4|
+      |  Machunis  Isle|          |              |             |
+     7|Backford to & pa|Chester   |Chester      3|Park Gate  12|
+    34|Backwell, or    |Somerset  |Bristol      7|Pensford    8|
+    34|  Bachwell    pa|          |              |             |
+    29|Backworth, or   |Northumb  |N. Shields   6|Newcastle   7|
+      |  Blackworth  to|          |              |             |
+    27|Baconsthorpe  to|Norfolk   |Holt         4|Cromer      7|
+    22|Bacop       chap|Lancaster |Rochdale     7|Haslingden  6|
+    17|Bacton        pa|Hereford  |Hereford    12|Llanthony A 6|
+    27|Bacton        pa|Norfolk   |N. Walsham   5|Cromer     10|
+    36|Bacton        pa|Suffolk   |Stourmarket  6|Botesdale   7|
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|   Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+    30|Babworth[A]   pa|Worksop                 7|  146|    449|
+    56|Bacheldre, or   |Welshpool              12|  163|    ...|
+      |  Bacheldref  to|                         |     |       |
+    10|Bachymbyd     to|Mold                   11|  202|    ...|
+    49|Bach-Yrys, or   |Pont ar                 7|  223|    ...|
+      |  Machunis  Isle|Dulas                    |     |       |
+     7|Backford to & pa|Liverpool              16|  186|    487|
+    34|Backwell, or    |Axbridge               12|  125|   1038|
+    34|  Bachwell    pa|                         |     |       |
+    29|Backworth, or   |Blyth                   7|  281|    243|
+      |  Blackworth  to|                         |     |       |
+    27|Baconsthorpe  to|Aylsham                 8|  121|    333|
+    22|Bacop       chap|Burnley                 6|  205|    ...|
+    17|Bacton        pa|Hay                    14|  139|    178|
+    27|Bacton        pa|Worsted                 7|  128|    498|
+    36|Bacton        pa|Ixworth                 9|   76|    758|
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BABWORTH. The hall is the seat of the Hon. J.B. Simpson; it a plain
+white-fronted edifice, the surrounding grounds which are very beautiful,
+were laid out by the celebrated Repton. Babworth church is a neat gothic
+building, with a small steeple; it is worthy of remark, that there are
+two trees growing out of the roof of the south porch. Near this village
+the ground begins to rise, and displays the most enchanting scenery of
+woods, lawns, glades, heaths, cultivated farms, and ornamental seats.
+The late Paul Sandby, Esq., R.A., who died on the 8th of November, 1809,
+was descended from a branch of the Sandby family, of Babworth, and was
+born at Nottingham, in 1732. In 1746 he went to London, and having an
+early bias towards the arts, he got introduced into the drawing room of
+the Tower. After two years he was appointed draughtsman, under the
+inspection of Mr. David Watson, who was employed by the late Duke of
+Cumberland to take a survey of the Highlands. During this excursion he
+made several sketches from the terrific scenery of that romantic
+country, from which he afterwards made a number of small etchings, which
+were published in a folio volume. From this circumstance, perhaps, we
+may account for the bold and striking style by which the paintings of
+this excellent artist are so peculiarly distinguished. In 1752, he
+quitted this employment and resided with his brother at Windsor. Several
+of the most beautiful views in the neighbourhood of Windsor and Eton,
+now became the subject of his pencil; here also he obtained that skill
+in depicting gothic architecture which gave so beautiful an effect to
+those landscapes that Sir Joseph Banks purchased them all at a very
+liberal price. Mr. Sandby published several prints in ridicule of the
+inimitable Hogarth's "Analysis of Beauty," but he afterwards declared,
+that had he known the merits of that exquisite painter at the time, he
+should not have dared to depreciate them. On the institution of "the
+Royal Academy," he was elected one of the Academicians. He was
+afterwards appointed chief drawing master of the Royal Academy at
+Woolwich, and held the office with honour and credit to the day of his
+death.
+
+[Sidenote: Trees grow out of the roof of the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Paul Sandby, Esq.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sandby the painter.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.      | County.|  Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+--------+------------+-----------+
+    28|Badby[A]            pa|Northamp|Daventry   3|Banbury  14|
+    39|Baddesley-Clinton   pa|Warwick |Warwick    7|Solihull  6|
+    39|Baddesley-Ensor     pa|Warwick |Atherstone 3|Tamworth  6|
+    16|Baddesley-North     pa|Hants   |Romsey     4|Wincheste 8|
+    16|Baddesley-South[B] ham|Hants   |Lymington  2|Yarmouth  5|
+     7|Baddiley[C]         pa|Chester |Nantwich   3|Malpas    9|
+     7|Baddington          to|Chester |           2|Tarporley 9|
+    14|Baddow (Great)[D]   pa|Essex   |Chelmsford 2|Witham   10|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+------------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+--------+------------+-----+-----+
+    28|Badby[A]            pa|Northamp           13|   75|  583|
+    39|Baddesley-Clinton   pa|Henley in A.        6|   97|  110|
+    39|Baddesley-Ensor     pa|Coleshill           9|  108|  568|
+    16|Baddesley-North     pa|Southampton         7|   70|  297|
+    16|Baddesley-South[B] ham|Beaulieu            6|   88|  ...|
+     7|Baddiley[C]         pa|Tarporley           9|  167|  267|
+     7|Baddington          to|Malpas             11|  166|  132|
+    14|Baddow (Great)[D]   pa|Maldon              9|   31| 1719|
+   +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BADBY. This extensive village is situated on the brow of a hill, in
+the large uninclosed district of Badby-Down. Here are numerous springs,
+and several quarries of flag-stone, which, from its excellence, is very
+extensively employed for the purposes of building and paving. On the
+summit of Arbury Hill, in this parish, is a large encampment, which is
+attributed to the Romans: the ramparts are very steep, and the whole is
+encompassed by a very wide and deep foss.
+
+[Sidenote: Quarries.]
+
+
+[B] BADDESLEY. This village was celebrated a short time ago for a
+singular tree it contained, from which was frequently heard to issue
+groans as though uttered by a person in acute agony. The tree was an
+elm, young, vigorous, and to all appearance perfectly sound; and what is
+most wonderful, naturalists could assign no physical reason for the
+phenomena. Its fame spread far and wide; a pamphlet was written with an
+account of it, and persons came miles to visit it. The tree, however, it
+would seem with the fickleness attendant too often upon those who have
+gained celebrity, would not always groan, yet no cause could be assigned
+for its temporary cessations, either from seasons or weather. Many
+superstitious tales were raised by the country people and alleged as
+reasons for this singular occurrence; and for eighteen or twenty months
+it continued an object of considerable interest; a gentleman of the name
+of Forbes, making an experiment to discover its cause, by boring a hole
+in its trunk, put a period to its agonies, it never groaned again. It
+was afterwards rooted up with a further view to make a discovery, but in
+vain. It is universally believed that there was no trick in the affair,
+but that some natural cause really existed, though never understood.
+
+[Sidenote: The groaning tree.]
+
+
+[C] BADDILEY. A parish in the hundred of Nantwich. This place is
+principally remarkable for its church, standing on a small green
+surrounded by farm buildings. It consists of a small nave and chancel,
+and was constructed entirely of English oak; it is of the most remote
+antiquity, and presented a most unique specimen of ecclesiastical
+buildings of timber, previous to the introduction of stone; the upright
+timbers being much decayed were cased with brick in 1811, it having
+stood so many centuries that it was in danger of falling; the roof and
+ceiling are still in fine preservation. In the chancel are remains of
+some ancient stalls, and two elegant marble monuments, erected to the
+Mainwaring family, who were lords of the manor. Baddiley Hall, the
+former residence of this family, was a very old irregular building of
+timber and plaister, but has been lately pulled down.
+
+[Sidenote: An oaken church.]
+
+
+[D] BADDOW. (Great). This extensive, populous, and genteel village, from
+its peculiarly delightful situation, has become the residence of a
+considerable number of highly respectable families. Previous to the
+conquest, the manor was part of the possessions of Algar, Earl of
+Mercia. In consequence, however, of the rebellion of his son and
+successor, Earl Eadwine, who was slain in battle, this lordship, with
+other estates, was granted by King William to the monastery of the Holy
+Trinity at Caen, in Normandy. In the reign of Henry I., the crown was
+again possessed of it, and about the same period, the Earls of
+Gloucester became its proprietors; from which time, after having been
+vested in many noble families, it is now in the possession of the family
+of Houblon. Two chauntries of some value were formerly in the church.
+
+   Map|Names of Places.      |  County. |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+    14|Baddow, Little[A]   pa|Essex     |Chelmsford  5|Witham       6|
+    33|Badger              pa|Salop     |Bridgenorth 6|Shifnal      6|
+    15|Badgington          pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 4|Northleach   9|
+    15|Badgworth           pa|Gloucester|Cheltenham  4|Painswick    8|
+    34|Badgworth           pa|Somerset  |Axbridge    3|Bridgewater 12|
+    36|Badingham           pa|Suffolk   |Framlingham 4|Halesworth   6|
+    21|Badlesmere[B]       pa|Kent      |Faversham   4|Charing      6|
+    36|Badley              pa|Suffolk   |Needham     2|Stowmarket   2|
+    15|Badminton, Great[C] pa|Gloucester|Sodbury     6|Tetbury     10|
+   +--+---------------------+-----------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    14|Baddow, Little[A]   pa|Maldon                 7|   34|     548|
+    33|Badger              pa|Madeley                6|  134|     142|
+    15|Badgington          pa|Cheltenham            12|   93|     167|
+    15|Badgworth           pa|Gloucester             5|   98|     859|
+    34|Badgworth           pa|Wells                 12|  133|     352|
+    36|Badingham           pa|Saxmundham             6|   91|     866|
+    21|Badlesmere[B]       pa|Canterbury            11|   48|     135|
+    36|Badley              pa|Bildeston              8|   71|      82|
+    15|Badminton, Great[C] pa|Malmesbury            10|  106|     529|
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-------+--------+
+
+
+[A] BADDOW, (Little). The church at this place contains a rich and
+splendid monument to the memory of Sir Henry Mildmay, Knight, who died
+in October, 1639. He is represented in a full suit of armour, reposing
+under a dome, which rests upon black marble pillars; two female figures
+kneel at his feet; the one elderly, and dressed in a scarf and hood, the
+other young, and magnificently attired in the fashion of the time. The
+head of the knight is supported by a pillow. From a latin inscription
+upon an oval tablet, we learn that Sir Henry having served as a soldier
+in the Irish wars, was for his gallantry knighted in the field. The
+carved effigies of two female figures, said by tradition to have been
+sisters and founders of this church, occupy recesses in the south wall
+of the centre aisle. Upon examining the two graves in which it was
+supposed that the corpses of the persons whose figures stood in the
+niches were interred, in one of them were found three skeletons, and two
+in the other, but without the slightest vestige of wood, linen, coffin,
+or any other covering to the bodies. In the year 1817, Edward Bullin,
+Esq., bequeathed 196 acres of land, and a wood containing thirty-six
+acres, for the purpose of clothing and educating the children in this
+parish and that of Boreham.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Henry Mildmay.]
+
+[Sidenote: Skeletons found.]
+
+
+[B] BADLESMERE. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, lord of the manor in the
+reign of Edward the Second, obtained a license for founding a house of
+regular canons in this place. The church is a small and very plain Saxon
+structure. In the porch are the fronts of two ancient wooden seats,
+carved in high relief; one represents a shield, on which are the star,
+ribbon, and motto of the order of the garter: on the other are some
+Scriptural sentences, relative to the Holy Trinity, in four circles,
+united by bands; so that the words Pater, Filius, Spisces and Deus,
+though only once repeated in the circles, form a part of every sentence.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious carvings in wood.]
+
+
+[C] BADMINTON, (Great) has been the seat of the ducal family of
+Beaufort, ever since the demolition of Ragland Castle, in the civil
+wars. Badminton House, the family residence of the duke, is situated in
+a noble park nearly nine miles in circumference, through which various
+avenues have been formed. It was erected by the first duke of Beaufort
+in the year 1682. It is a very extensive building, on the French model.
+In the hall is a large sarcophagus of Roman sculpture, representing a
+bacchanalian procession; this was given to the third duke of Beaufort,
+by Cardinal Alberoni. By that distinguished prelate, who died in 1745,
+many curious and original paintings were procured during his residence
+in Italy; among them is a Holy Family, by Raphael; and several by Guido
+and Carlo Dolci are much esteemed. He also purchased the very singular
+and finely painted satirical picture by Salvator Rosa, for which that
+artist was expelled Rome. "The Sovereigns of the different nations are
+here depicted by different animals, as an eagle, a wolf, a sheep, a hog,
+a fox, a cow, and an ass; the latter has the pontifical pall thrown over
+him, and the blind goddess, Fortune, is represented showering her gifts
+over the whole group." Some excellent landscapes, by the Italian
+masters, are also preserved here; and a very fine series of fourteen
+portraits, of the Beauforts, from John of Gaunt, from whom they trace
+their genealogy. Badminton church is an elegant structure; it was built
+by the late duke in 1785, and contains many monuments of the Beaufort
+family.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke of Beaufort's seat.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fine paintings.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  County. |   Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    15|Badminton, Little ti|Gloucester|Sodbury    6|Tetbury    10|
+    42|Badsey            pa|Worcester |Evesham    2|Broadway    4|
+    37|Badshot           ti|Surrey    |Farnham    2|Guildford   9|
+    45|Badsworth         pa|W.R. York |Pontefract 5|Wakefield   9|
+    36|Badwell-Ash       pa|Suffolk   |Stowmarket 8|Ixworth     4|
+    34|Bagborough-West   pa|Somerset  |Taunton   12|Watchet     7|
+    43|Bagby           chap|N.R. York |Thirsk     3|Borobridge 11|
+    23|Baggrave         lib|Leicester |Leicester  9|Melton      7|
+    39|Baginton[A]       pa|Warwick   |Coventry   4|Rugby      13|
+    54|Baglan[B]         pa|Glamorgan |Neath      4|Aberavon    2|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    15|Badminton, Little ti|Malmesbury           10|  106|    116|
+    42|Badsey            pa|Alcester             15|   98|    463|
+    37|Badshot           ti|Frimley               7|   37|       |
+    45|Badsworth         pa|Doncaster            11|  171|    782|
+    36|Badwell-Ash       pa|Bury                 12|   78|    490|
+    34|Bagborough-West   pa|Stowey                8|  156|    453|
+    43|Bagby           chap|Easingwold            8|  220|    289|
+    23|Baggrave         lib|Houghton              5|  100|     16|
+    39|Baginton[A]       pa|Kenilworth            4|   90|    257|
+    54|Baglan[B]         pa|Swansea              13|  194|    410|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BAGINTON. The Hall, a seat of a descendant of the Bromley family,
+who purchased the estate in the reign of James I., was built by
+secretary Bromley. This gentleman, one of the most honest and able
+servants of Queen Anne, was Speaker of the House of Commons. In proof of
+the high estimation in which he was held, it is necessary only to cite a
+memorable circumstance relative to the residence under notice. In 1706,
+the family seat at Baginton was reduced to the ground by fire.
+Intelligence of this calamity was conveyed to the owner while attending
+his duty in the House of Commons, and a considerable sum was immediately
+voted by parliament towards a restoration of the structure. Here is
+barely to be traced the site of the castellated residence of Sir William
+Bagot, a firm adherent of Richard II., at which the Duke of Hereford,
+afterwards Henry IV., lodged the night previous to his projected
+personal contest with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, in the presence
+of the King on Gosford Green, where the lists were formed; the scene is
+admirably described by Shakespeare.
+
+[Sidenote: Once destroyed by fire].
+
+
+[B] BAGLAN is a parish in the hundred of Neath. The village is of the
+most romantic beauty, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is of a
+delightful character. Near this place is Britton Ferry, which is
+interesting, not only on account of its sylvan fascinations, but as
+being the domain of Lord Jersey, whose extensive plantations spread over
+several bold hills westward of the Neath river, a stream which here
+emerges in a fine sweep, between woody banks, partly broken into cliffs
+and at a short distance descends into the sea. "From a delightful shady
+walk over the stream, we branched off," says Mr. Barber, "into an 'alley
+green,' which led us up a steep hill, covered with large trees, and
+tangled underwood; the ascent was judiciously traced, where several bare
+crags, projecting from the soil, formed an opposite contrast to the
+luxuriant verdure which prevailed around. On gaining the summit, the
+charms of Britton Ferry disclosed themselves in 'an ample theatre of
+sylvan grace,' of more than common beauty: beyond which, the Bristol
+Channel, bounded by the aerial tint of its opposite coast, formed the
+distance. From this roaming prospect, however, the eye gladly returned
+to gaze on the local beauties of the scene, the tufted knoll, the dark
+glade, and the majestic river." The mansion is a very ordinary building;
+the house is low having two wings, with attic windows in the roof,
+ornamented with a bullustraded parapet. The neat simplicity of the
+hamlet deserves remark; perhaps the church is unrivalled, both for its
+picturesque situation, and moral interest. The custom of planting
+evergreens over the remains of departed friends, and bedecking them with
+flowers at certain seasons of the year, is here attended to with
+peculiar care; and to this pleasing tribute of tenderness and affection
+the "Bard of Avon" refers in the following beautiful lines:--
+
+   "With fairest flowers while summer lasts,
+   I'll sweeten thy sad grave, thou shalt not lack
+   The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose: nor
+   The azured harebell, like thy veins: no, nor
+   The leaf of eglantine, whom not to slander,
+   Out-sweetened not thy breath."
+
+David Ap Gwillym also beautifully alludes to this practice: "Oh, while
+thy season of flowers, and thy tender sprays thick of leaves remain, I
+will pluck the roses from the brakes, the flowers from the meads, the
+vivid trefoils, beauties of the ground, and the gaily smiling bloom of
+the verdant herbs, humbly will I lay them on the grave of Ivor!" This
+part of Wales is so mild in its climate, that myrtles, magnolias, and
+other tender exotics, grow luxuriantly in the open air. Near Baglan is a
+well with medicinal properties, but many superstitious notices are
+associated with its use in the neighbourhood.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Aberavon, 2 miles distant, 6 evening; departs, 7.30
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Jersey's seat].
+
+[Sidenote: Britton Ferry.]
+
+[Sidenote: Planting evergreens over graves.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. |  County. |    Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+     4|Bagley Wood     ti|Berks     |Abingdon    3|Oxford     3|
+    34|Bagnall         to|Stafford  |Leek        6|Newcastle  6|
+     4|Bagnor          to|Berks     |Newbury     2|Hungerford 7|
+    37|Bagshot[A]     vil|Surrey    |Staines    10|Blackwater 4|
+    27|Bagthorpe       pa|Norfolk   |Burnham     7|Fakenham   9|
+     7|Baguley         to|Chester   |Knutsford   2|Altringham 5|
+    23|Bagworth      chap|Leicester |M. Bosworth 5|Ashby      9|
+    45|Baildon[B] to&chap|W.R. York |Bradford    5|Otley      6|
+    22|Bailey          to|Lancaster |Clithero    5|Blackburn  8|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                  |Dist.
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+     4|Bagley Wood     ti|Cumnor                 4|   57|    21|
+    34|Bagnall         to|Cheadle                8|  154|   306|
+     4|Bagnor          to|Lambourn              10|   58|   594|
+    37|Bagshot[A]     vil|Windsor               11|   26|  1912|
+    27|Bagthorpe       pa|Lynn                  14|  109|    73|
+     7|Baguley         to|Stockport             11|  176|   468|
+    23|Bagworth      chap|Leicester             10|  108|   328|
+    45|Baildon[B] to&chap|Keighley               7|  201|  3041|
+    22|Bailey          to|Preston               14|  219|      |
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BAGSHOT is a village on the great western road, in the parish of
+Windlesham, and hundred of Woking. Bagshot heath derives its name from
+this village; it is one of the most extensive wastes in the kingdom, and
+was formerly the scene of many highway robberies. Its appearance is
+extremely desolate, but it is useful in supplying the inhabitants with
+fuel, and feeds a great number of sheep, the mutton of which is
+excellent; but like other animals fed on a similar pasture, the sheep
+are small. On the edge of the heath are several noblemen's seats. Among
+which, Hall Grove, the residence of Mrs. Birt; Chobham Place, S.
+Thornton, Esq.; South Hill Park, the Earl of Limerick; and Easthampstead
+Park, the seat of the Marquis of Downshire; are deserving the notice of
+the curious traveller. Bagshot Park to the north of the village, was
+once the seat of his late Majesty George IV. when Prince of Wales; after
+which time it was inhabited by the late Duke of Gloucester,
+(brother-in-law of his present Majesty) until the day of his decease,
+which occurred on the 30th of November, 1834, in the 58th year of his
+age; his remains were interred in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle,
+on the 11th of the following month. Bagshot was formerly a lordship of
+the kings of England, and was much resorted to by James I., and Charles
+I., to enjoy the pleasures of the chace.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 10.14 night; departs 3.28 morning--_Inns_, King's
+   Arms, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Bagshot heath.]
+
+
+[B] BAILDON is in the parish of Otley and wapentake of Skyrack, and is
+situated on the river Aire. The inhabitants are principally engaged in
+trade and manufactures. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes within a
+mile and a half from this place.
+
+   _Fair_, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned
+   cattle &c.
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  County. |    Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+     9|Bailie           to|Cumberland|Carlisle     18|Bewcastle   2|
+    43|Bainbridge       to|N.R. York |Askrigg       2|Hawes       4|
+    28|Bainton          pa|Northamp  |Wandsford     5|Deeping     4|
+    31|Bainton         ham|Oxford    |Bicester      3|Deddington  8|
+    46|Bainton          pa|E.R. York |G. Driffield  6|Beverley   11|
+    10|Bakewell[A] mt & pa|Derby     |Chesterfield 11|Manchester 35|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+     9|Bailie           to|Brampton                10|  312|    454|
+    43|Bainbridge       to|Middleham               13|  246|    831|
+    28|Bainton          pa|Stamford                 4|   89|    171|
+    31|Bainton         ham|Aynhoe                   6|   56|     27|
+    46|Bainton          pa|Weighton                10|  196|    300|
+    10|Bakewell[A] mt & pa|Wirksworth              13|  153|   9503|
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BAKEWELL. This ancient market town, in which the petty sessions for
+the High Peak are holden, is situated on the western bank of the river
+Wye. Of late years, the market has dwindled into insignificance, but the
+parish is the most extensive in Derbyshire; its length is more than 20
+miles, and its breadth upwards of eight. The pasturage in this
+neighbourhood is remarkably good. The town was anciently called
+Bath-quelle; it appears to have derived its name from its Bath-well, the
+immediate site of which has been for many years occupied by a collector
+of minerals and fossils for private cabinets. From the circumstance of a
+Roman altar, and other antiquities having been discovered here, there
+can be but little doubt that Bakewell was a place of some note in the
+time of the Romans. At the Conquest, Bakewell had two priests and a
+church. The manor then belonged to William Peverell, ancestor of the
+Peveril celebrated in the admirable romance by Sir Walter Scott, styled
+"Peveril of the Peak." Bakewell church is an ancient structure, with a
+lofty spire. Near the entrance of the town, from Ashford, is a mill, for
+the carding, roving, doubling, spinning, and twisting of cotton, in
+which some hundreds of persons of both sexes are employed; the mill was
+erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, the founder of the cotton
+trade in this neighbourhood. This distinguished character, whose
+perseverance and admirable inventions raised him from one of the most
+humble occupations in society--that of a barber--to affluence and
+honour, was the youngest of thirteen children, and was born in the year
+1732, at Preston, in Lancashire. A considerable manufacture of linen
+goods, and of linen and cotton mixed, was then carried on in that
+neighbourhood, and Mr. Arkwright had an opportunity of becoming
+intimately acquainted with the various operations; and being a man of
+superior powers, he directed his thoughts to the improvement of the mode
+of spinning, which had probably been conducted for ages without thought
+of change. The first hint respecting the means of effecting this
+improvement, he said, he accidentally received from seeing a red hot
+iron bar elongated, by being passed between iron cylinders. The
+difficulties which he experienced before he could bring his machine into
+use, even after its construction was sufficiently complete to
+demonstrate its value, would, perhaps, have for ever retarded its
+completion, had his genius and application been less ardent. His
+pecuniary means were not such as to enable him to commence business on
+his own account, and few were willing to incur the necessary risk. At
+length, however, he secured the co-operation of some persons who saw the
+merits of the invention, and were willing to assist his endeavours, and
+he obtained his first patent for spinning by means of rollers in the
+year 1769. To avoid the inconvenience of establishing a manufacture of
+this kind at the great seat of the cotton manufacture, as it then
+existed, he removed to Nottingham, when, in conjunction with his
+partners, he erected his first mill, which was worked by horses. This
+mode being found too expensive, another mill on a larger scale was
+erected at Cromford, the machinery of which was put in motion by water.
+Mr. Arkwright soon effected many improvements in the mode of preparing
+the cotton for spinning, and invented a variety of ingenious machines
+for that purpose, in the most correct and expeditious manner, for all
+which he obtained a patent in the year 1775, and thus completed a series
+of machinery so various and complicated, yet so admirably combined as to
+excite universal approbation. That all this should have been
+accomplished by a single man, without education, without mechanical
+knowledge, or even mechanic's experience, is truly extraordinary; and
+is, perhaps, equal to any known example of the wonderful powers of the
+human mind, when steadily directed to one object. However, at the same
+time that he was inventing or improving the machinery, he was engaged in
+various undertakings which might have been thought incompatible with
+other pursuits. He was taking measures to secure himself a fair
+proportion of the fruits of his industry and ingenuity--he was greatly
+extending the business--he was introducing into every department of the
+manufactory, a novel system of industry, economy, order, and
+cleanliness; the whole of which he so effectually accomplished, that his
+example may be regarded as the origin of almost all similar
+improvements. During this entire period, he was afflicted with a violent
+asthma, which sometimes threatened the immediate termination of his
+existence; and for some time previously to his death, he was rendered
+incapable of continuing his usual pursuits, by a complication of
+diseases, which, at length, deprived him of life at the Rock House,
+Cromford, on the 23d of August, 1792. The honour of Knighthood was
+bestowed on him by George III., in December, 1786, when he presented an
+address to that monarch. Dr. Thomas Denman, an eminent physician, was
+born at this place in 1733; after the death of Dr. William Hunter, he
+was considered as the most eminent man of his profession. Towards the
+decline of his life he gradually relinquished the more laborious parts
+of his profession to his son-in-law, Sir Richard Croft, and became a
+consulting physician. His death, which was very sudden, took place on
+the 26th of November, 1815. He left two daughters and a son, the latter
+of whom, adopting the legal profession, is now Lord Chief Justice of the
+Court of King's Bench.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, Easter Monday; Whit Monday; August 26;
+   Monday after October 10; Monday after November 22, for cattle and
+   horses,--_Inn_, Rutland Arms, allowed to be one of the best Inns in
+   the kingdom, and is much frequented by anglers during the summer
+   season.--_Mail_ arrives 12.10 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Peverils of the Peak.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Arkwright.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cotton mills.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Thomas Denman.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    55|Bala[A]       to| Merioneth|Shrewsbury 41|Dolgelly  18|
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    55|Bala[A]       to| Corven               12|  195|  1163|
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+
+
+[A] BALA is situated at the outlet of the lake of the same name. It is a
+clean and populous market town, consisting of one wide principal street,
+and others crossing it at right angles. The houses are in general built
+very low. The young women commonly go barefooted; they are however well
+formed, and have little of the strong Welsh physiognomy. At this place
+is carried on a great trade in woollen gloves and stockings. Just before
+the entrance of the town is an artificial mount called "Tommen y Bala,"
+(the tumulus of Bala) which is supposed to be of Roman origin, and
+placed here with a small castle on its summit to secure the pass towards
+the sea, which is about twenty-five miles distant. Bala Lake, or Llyn
+Tegid, is a quarter of a mile south of the town; it is the largest lake
+in Wales, being about four miles long, and in some places near a mile in
+breadth. At Bryn Goleu, its depth is several fathoms. The scenery around
+is mountainous, and it forms the principal attraction of the vicinity,
+yet it possesses none of the grand discriminating traits of the lakes of
+Scotland or Ireland. The overflowings of this lake are sometimes
+dreadful; but this only happens when the winds rush from the mountains
+at the upper end. In stormy weather, when swelled by torrents, the water
+is driven to the height of eight or nine feet, covering great part of
+the vale of Edeirnion, and almost threatening the town with destruction.
+In calm settled weather, it has been so smooth as to be frozen over. The
+river Dee rises from under Arran ben Llyn, the high mountain at the head
+of the lake; and according to Giraldus Cambriensis, Drayton, and others,
+passes through this immense body of water without deigning to intermix
+its waters, as the Rhone is said to pass through the lake of Geneva, and
+the classic Alpheus through the waters of the Adriatic. Hence it has
+been asserted, that salmon are never found in the lake, or gwiniad in
+the river; it however abounds with a variety of excellent fish, among
+which we may mention pike, trout, perch, and eels. The fishery in the
+13th century belonged to the Abbey of Basingwerk; the whole property is
+vested at present in Sir Watkyn Williams Wynne, Bart., who allows the
+fishermen to be occasionally employed in attending fishing parties with
+a boat and nets, without such privilege no person is allowed the use of
+nets; but angling is freely permitted, and gentlemen as distant as from
+London visit this place entirely for the sake of indulging in this
+amusement. Of the inns at Bala, Mr. Hutton says, "although I have often
+only reposed one night at an inn, yet from agreeable treatment and
+conversation, I found some regret the next morning at parting; and
+though I saw the people but once, my mind revolted at the idea of seeing
+them no more." The town of Bala is governed by two bailiffs, and a
+common council, and the assizes are held here and at Dolgelly
+alternately; it is likewise one of the polling places for the county.
+
+   _Market_ Saturday--_Fairs_, May 14; July 10; Sep. 11 and 22; Oct. 24;
+   and Nov. 8.--_Mail_ arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: The largest lake in Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lake fisheries.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. |  County.|    Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+    45|Balby[A]       to|W.R. York|Doncaster   2|Tickhill  6|
+    38|Balcombe       pa|Sussex   |Cuckfield   4|Horsham  10|
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+    45|Balby[A]       to|Rotherham            11| 163 |  420|
+    38|Balcombe       pa|E. Grinstead          9|  33 |  641|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BALBY. In this village George Fox, the founder of the Society of
+Friends, or Quakers, held his first meetings. His father, who was a
+weaver, gave him a very religious education; he was apprenticed to a
+grazier, and much employed as a shepherd. From his earliest infancy he
+displayed a tendency to enthusiasm, and no doubt his solitary employment
+tended to confirm it. At the early age of nineteen he persuaded himself
+that he was called to exercise his faculties, solely in the affairs of
+religion. Forsaking his relations, he determined to devote himself to
+that alone. Equipped in a leathern doublet, he wandered from place to
+place, subsisting by the charity of those who received his doctrines. At
+length he reached the metropolis, where, being discovered by his
+friends, he was earnestly invited to return. This, however, he refused
+to do, and after remaining with them a short time, he again betook
+himself to his itinerant habits. He now walked abroad in retired places,
+fasting and studying the Bible by day and night, and sometimes a hollow
+tree was his habitation, book in hand, for a day together. In 1648, he
+publicly propagated his opinions, commencing as public preacher at
+Manchester, which place he frequently left to perambulate the adjacent
+towns, preaching in the market-houses. About this time he began to adopt
+the manners and habits which are peculiar to the society following his
+religious opinions; nor was he free from the persecution which
+constantly follows novelty, in any thing regarded as an innovation of a
+religious nature. At Derby, the disciples of Fox were first denominated
+Quakers, from the trembling delivery of their sentences, and their calls
+on the magistrates to tremble before the Lord. In 1655, Fox was sent a
+prisoner to Cromwell, who immediately liberated him upon ascertaining
+the peaceful nature of his doctrines. He was, however, treated by the
+country magistracy with great severity, from his frequently interrupting
+ministers, even during divine service, and more than once the Protector,
+Oliver Cromwell, exerted himself to obtain his freedom. A fast having
+been appointed on account of the persecution of Protestants in foreign
+countries, he addressed a letter to the heads and governors of the
+nation, descrying, in most forcible terms, the impropriety of having
+recourse to severity of a similar nature at home. Charles II. liberated
+him from prison in the year 1666, and from that time they formally
+united as a "Society of Friends." Three years afterwards he married the
+widow of Judge Fell, in the simple unostentatious manner practised by
+the sect to the present day. His health, however, was impaired by
+imprisonment and suffering, and he lived in a more retired manner to the
+day of his death, which took place in the year 1690, in the 67th year of
+his age.
+
+[Sidenote: George Fox the Quaker.]
+
+[Sidenote: His wanderings and imprisonment.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. |  County. | Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+    43|Baldersley[A]   to|N.R. York |Ripon     6|Thirsk      6|
+    22|Balderston    chap|Lancaster |Preston   7|Blackburn   5|
+    30|Balderton       pa|Nottingham|Newark    2|Bingham    12|
+    18|Baldock[B] m.t.&pa|Hertford  |Hertford 19|Biggleswade 8|
+    31|Baldon Marsh    pa|Oxford    |Oxford    7|Abingdon    7|
+    31|Baldon-Toot     pa|Oxford    |...       6|...         7|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-------------+
+    43|Baldersley[A]   to|Borobridge           8|  214|    267|
+    22|Balderston    chap|Clitheroe           12|  217|    658|
+    30|Balderton       pa|Grantham            12|  122|    830|
+    18|Baldock[B] m.t.&pa|Stevenage            6|   37|   1704|
+    31|Baldon Marsh    pa|Wheatley             7|   52|    318|
+    31|Baldon-Toot     pa|...                  7|   53|    272|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BALDERSLEY. Near this village is an extensive common, called Hutton
+Conyers Moor, on which there is a rabbit-warren; the inhabitants have a
+right of estray for their sheep on this moor, in conjunction with some
+other townships, and each township has a shepherd. The lord's shepherd
+has a pre-eminence of tending his sheep on every part of the common; and
+wherever he herds the lord's sheep, the several other shepherds are to
+give place to him, and give up what is termed their hofiong place, so
+long as they are depastured thereon. The lord's court is held on the
+first of January; the shepherds attend the court, and each do fealty by
+bringing a large apple-pye and a two-penny sweet-cake; each pye is
+divided into two parts, and distributed by the bailiff between the
+steward, the tenant of the rabbit-warren, and the shepherds of the
+townships, reserving a portion however for himself. Each pye contains
+about a peck of flour, and the bailiff measures them with a rule to see
+that they are of the proper dimensions; should they not be so he
+threatens to fine the town; he, however, has to provide furmenty (a food
+made by boiling wheat in milk) and mustard. The furmenty is put into an
+earthen pot, and the top of the dish placed level with the ground, all
+persons present are invited to partake; those who do not accept the
+invitation are deemed disloyal to their lord. Every shepherd is
+compelled to bring a spoon with him, and in cases of neglect, or wilful
+pleasantry, they are obliged to sup the hot furmenty from the pot, and
+the bystanders not unfrequently plunge the offenders head into the
+mixture, as a matter of diversion.
+
+[Sidenote: Right of Common.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular custom.]
+
+
+[B] BALDOCK is situated between two hills, at the intersection of the
+great north road, and the Roman Ikeneld street. It was formerly the
+property of the Knights Templars, to whom Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke,
+gave the site; it was then called Baudoc: but some antiquarians, with
+little reason, derive its name from Balbec, a city in Syria, from which
+this order of knights was expelled by the Saracens. It principally
+consists of one long ancient street. The church, dedicated to St. Mary,
+is a spacious structure, and was built by the Knights Templars, and
+again partly rebuilt in the early part of the fifteenth century. All the
+early portion of this structure is of pure Roman architecture, and the
+latter of the florid gothic. The steeple, which is octagonal, was
+rebuilt a few years ago. In the church is a richly carved oaken screen,
+part of the ancient rood-loft, and a very curious font. In cutting
+through Baldock-hill, to form a new road, a number of fossils,
+consisting of cornua ammonis, sharks' teeth, &c., were discovered. There
+is a curious custom in this manor. When the Steward holds his Court
+Leet, the bell tolls, to summons the copyhold tenants together, to do
+their suit and service at dinner, to which every baker sends a loaf of
+bread, and every victualler a flagon of ale or beer. The object of this
+custom is intended for the Court Leet to examine the measures, as well
+as to judge of the quality of the articles of food.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, March 7; last Thursday in May; August
+   5; October 2; December 11, for cheese, cattle, and household
+   goods.--_Mail_ arrives 12.31 morning, departs 2.16
+   morning.--_Bankers_, Williamson and Co., draw on Hoare and
+   Co.--_Inn_, White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Sharks' teeth found in cutting through a hill.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County. |    Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+    27|Bale              pa|Norfolk  |Holt         5|Cley         6|
+    37|Balham           vil|Surrey   |Clapham      1|Tooting      2|
+    43|Balke             to|N.R. York|Thirsk       4|Helmsley    10|
+    46|Balke-Holme       to|E.R. York|Howden       2|South Cave  10|
+    10|Ballidon          to|Derby    |Ashborne     6|Wirksworth   6|
+    14|Ballingdon   pa chap|Essex    |Sudbury      1|Halstead     8|
+    17|Ballingham        pa|Hereford |Hereford     7|Ross         6|
+    45|Balne             to|W.R. York|Snaith       4|Pontefract  10|
+    39|Balsall         chap|Warwick  |Warwick     10|Coventry    10|
+    31|Balscott         ham|Oxford   |Banbury      5|Chip Norton 14|
+     6|Balsham           pa|Cambridge|Linton       4|Cambridge    8|
+    35|Balterley         to|Stafford |Newcastle    7|Congleton    9|
+    34|Baltonsborough    pa|Somerset |Glastonbury  4|Somerton     4|
+    29|Bambrough    to & pa|Northumb |Belford      5|Holy Island  6|
+    29|Bambrough[A]      to|Northumb |...          5|...          6|
+    10|Bamford          ham|Derby    |S. Middleton 6|Sheffield   11|
+    22|Bamford           to|Lancaster|Rochdale     3|Manchester   7|
+    11|Bampton[B] m.t. & pa|Devon    |Exeter      23|Tiverton     7|
+    31|Bampton[C] m.t. & pa|Oxford   |Oxford      16|Witney       5|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    27|Bale              pa|Walsingham             6|  117|     275|
+    37|Balham           vil|Epsom                  9|    5|     ...|
+    43|Balke             to|Easingwold             9|  222|      72|
+    46|Balke-Holme       to|Weighton              12|  182|     107|
+    10|Ballidon          to|Winster                6|  142|     108|
+    14|Ballingdon   pa chap|Bury                  17|   54|     283|
+    17|Ballingham        pa|Ledbury               12|  126|     147|
+    45|Balne             to|Thorne                 8|  173|     343|
+    39|Balsall         chap|Solihul                5|  100|    1038|
+    31|Balscott         ham|Deddington             9|   74|     213|
+     6|Balsham           pa|Newmarket              9|   52|    1074|
+    35|Balterley         to|Nantwich              12|  153|     ...|
+    34|Baltonsborough    pa|Cas. Caray             8|  121|     675|
+    29|Bambrough    to & pa|Alnwick               15|  324|    3949|
+    29|Bambrough[A]      to|...                   15|   61|     324|
+    10|Bamford          ham|Castleton              4|  165|     238|
+    22|Bamford           to|Bury                   6|  189|    1207|
+    11|Bampton[B] m.t. & pa|Morebath               2|  162|    1961|
+    31|Bampton[C] m.t. & pa|Farringdon             7|   71|    2514|
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BAMBROUGH CASTLE is situated on the romantic coast of
+Northumberland, near an obscure town of the same name; it stands upon a
+triangular rock, high, rugged, and abrupt on the land side. But we leave
+its description, which would be too lengthy, and turn rather to the
+account of the benevolent institution founded in 1720, by Lord Crewe,
+Bishop of Durham, of which it is the seat. The keep of the castle is
+fitted up for suffering seamen, and property which may have been rescued
+from the fury of the ocean. Regulations were also adopted to prevent
+accidents on the coast, and to alleviate misfortunes when they had
+occurred. A nine-pounder placed at the bottom of the great tower, gives
+signals to ships in distress; and in case of a wreck announces it to the
+Custom-house officers, who hasten to prevent its being plundered. In
+addition to this, during a storm, horsemen patrol the coast, and rewards
+are paid for the earliest intelligence of vessels in distress. A flag is
+always hoisted when any ship is seen in distress on the Fern Islands or
+Staples; or a rocket thrown up at night, which gives notice to the
+fishermen of Holy Island, who put off to the spot when no boat from the
+main can get over the breakers. There has also been life-boats added to
+the establishment. Within the walls of the castle are supported two
+free-schools, an infirmary, thirty beds for shipwrecked sailors, and a
+granary, whence poor persons are supplied with provision at the first
+price. There is also a library, the books of which are circulated
+gratuitously for twenty miles round. This philanthropic endowment has
+not been suffered to decay with the romance of olden time, but the
+charitable intentions of the testator are fulfilled so as to exhibit a
+lasting record of his active benevolence.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Bishop of Durham.]
+
+[Sidenote: Noble charity.]
+
+
+[B] BAMPTON. A market town, situated near the little river Batherme,
+which flows into the Exe at about one mile distance. Mr. Polwhele
+considers that this was a Roman station, and here, probably, the Romans
+had artificial hot-baths. A chalybeate spring in this neighbourhood is
+much celebrated for its medicinal qualities. John de Bampton, a
+Carmelite, who was the first who publicly read Aristotle in Cambridge,
+was born here: he died in 1391. The manufactures of the place are serges
+and pottery.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit Tuesday, and last Thursday in
+   October, for cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: John de Bampton.]
+
+
+[C] BAMPTON. Here are some slight remains of an ancient castle, supposed
+to have been erected in the reign of King John. The celebrated poet,
+John Philips, the son of Dr. Stephen Philips, archdeacon of Salop, was
+born in this town, on the 30th of December, 1676, and after the
+preliminary process of juvenile education, was sent to Winchester, where
+he was distinguished by the superiority of his exercises, and at school
+endeared himself to all his companions and superiors: it is related of
+him, that he seldom mingled in the play of other boys, but retired to
+his chamber, and indulged in the study of the poets and of the ancient
+and modern classics, particularly Milton. In 1694, he was removed to
+Christchurch, Oxford, where he finished all his University acquirements;
+but Milton--the immortal Milton--continued to be his uninterrupted day
+dream: and he might have exclaimed in the language of that poet, I will
+study the magnificence of thy etherial phantasy,
+
+   "From morn till noon, from noon to dewey eve,
+   When Urania visits my nightly
+   Slumbers, or when morn purples the east."
+
+It is said that there was not an allusion in "Paradise Lost," drawn from
+any hint either in "Homer," or "Virgil," to which he could not
+immediately refer. While at Oxford he was honoured with the friendship
+of Mr. Edmund Smith, author of the Tragedy of "Phaedra and Hippolitus;"
+and also with that of the most polite and favoured of the gentlemen in
+the University. His first poem was published in 1703, entitled, "The
+Splendid Shilling," which has the merit of an original design. His next
+poem, entitled "Blenheim," which he wrote as a rival to Addison's poem
+on the same subject, was published in 1705, and procured him the
+patronage of Mr. Henry Saint John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke.
+Independent of poetry, Philips was an excellent botanist; in 1706 he
+produced his third poem on "Cyder," founded on the model of Virgil's
+Georgics, a book not only of entertainment but of science; and soon
+afterwards, a latin Ode, "to Henry Saint John, Esq.," said to have been
+the poet's masterpiece. "It is gay and elegant," says Dr. Johnson, "and
+exhibits several artful accommodations of classic expressions to new
+purposes." At the time of his illness, Philips was meditating a poem to
+be called "The Last Day;" death put an end to so solemn and majestic a
+finale of genius. He died at Hereford, of a lingering consumption,
+February 15, 1708, in the thirty-third year of his age, and was buried
+in the cathedral of that city. Sir Simon Harcourt, afterwards Lord
+Chancellor, erected a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey, the
+epitaph upon which was written by Doctor Atterbury. Philips was a
+gentleman of a modest and amiable disposition, "and always praised
+without contradiction," (says Dr. Johnson) "as a man, modest, blameless,
+and pious, who bore a narrow fortune without discontent--and tedious and
+painful maladies without impatience; beloved by those who knew him, but
+not ambitious to be known."
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, March 26, and August 26, for cattle
+   and toys.
+
+[Sidenote: John Philips the poet.]
+
+[Sidenote: Philips's poetical works.]
+
+[Sidenote: Character and death.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County.  |  Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-----------+
+    40|Bampton[A]   to & pa|Westmorlnd|Orton     10|Penrith   9|
+    40|Bampton-Grange   ham|Westmorlnd|          10|          9|
+     9|Bampton, Little   to|Cumberland|Wigton     5|Carlisle  7|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+    40|Bampton[A]   to & pa|Shap                 4 |  282|  636|
+    40|Bampton-Grange   ham| ...                  4|  282|     |
+     9|Bampton, Little   to|Longtown             10|  311|  213|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BAMPTON. The river Lowther runs through this parish. Here is a
+beautiful lake, called Haweswater, three miles long, and half a mile
+broad; it is environed by lofty mountains, conveying to the mind a grand
+and imposing appearance: its eastern side is sheltered by rocky
+eminences, plentifully clothed with verdure, while the western side
+displays the open fields, with all the sweet varieties of culture. A
+lead mine has lately been discovered in the neighbourhood. The free
+grammar-school was founded by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested in
+trustees the sum of £500., collected from estates out of the parish of
+St. Saviour, Southwark, and other places. Here, also, three parochial
+libraries were established respectively, in the years 1710, 1750, 1752,
+comprising about 800 volumes. Thomas Gibson, M.D., who married the
+daughter of Richard Cromwell, Protector, was Physician-General of the
+army, and a native of this parish. He was the author of a system of
+anatomy. The learned doctor, having laid the foundation of his classical
+learning at a school in this county, he entered as scholar at Queen's
+College, Oxford, in 1686. The study of the northern languages about this
+period was particularly cultivated at the University, and Mr. Gibson
+rigidly applied himself to that branch of literature, in which he was
+assisted by Dr. Hicks. In a short time he translated into Latin the
+"Chronicon Saxonicum," and published it together with the Saxon
+original. Dr. Gibson had an early and strong inclination to search the
+antiquities of his own country, and being well versed in the knowledge
+of its original languages, he applied himself with great diligence, and
+in a few years produced his edition of "Camden's Britannica," and
+concluded this branch of learning with "Reliquæ Spelmannianæ," or the
+posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman, relating to the laws and
+antiquities of England, which, with a life of the author, he published
+at Oxford, in 1698, and dedicated his work to Archbishop Tenison. About
+this time he was taken as Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop's family,
+and soon afterwards was made Rector of Lambeth, and Archdeacon of
+Surrey. Upon the death of the Archbishop, in 1715, Dr. Wake, Bishop of
+Lincoln, succeeded him, and Dr. Gibson was appointed to that See; and
+Dr. Robinson also dying, in 1720, Gibson was appointed Bishop of London.
+The ministry were so sensible of his great abilities, that a sort of
+ecclesiastical ministry was committed to his charge for several years.
+He died on the 6th of September, 1748, with true Christian fortitude,
+and in perfect tranquillity of mind.
+
+[Sidenote: Haweswater lake.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Thomas Gibson.]
+
+[Sidenote: An Antiquarian.]
+
+[Sidenote: Made Bishop of London.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.|  Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+    53|Bannel             to|Flint   |Hawarden  3|Mold       4|
+    31|Banbury[A] bo. & m.t.|Oxford  |Oxford   21|Woodstock 16|
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+    53|Bannel             to|Wrexham           10| 196 |   ...|
+    31|Banbury[A] bo. & m.t.|Southam           14|  76 |  5906|
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BANBURY is pleasantly situated on the small river Charwell, and its
+staple commodities seem to be cheese and cakes; the former, even in
+Shakspeare's time, appear to have been celebrated, for Bardolph, when
+accused by "Slender" of robbing him of his two milled sixpences,
+exclaims, "You Banbury cheese." The cakes have made this town more
+celebrated than even its political engagements. The castle of Banbury
+was founded in the year 1153, by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, and
+continued an episcopal residence till the reign of Henry VI. During the
+contentions between the houses of York and Lancaster, when civil discord
+was a familiar incident in this neighbourhood, Banbury suffered much;
+but more particularly in the memorable engagement, called "The Battle of
+Banbury," fought about three miles from the town, in 1469. It took place
+on a plane called Danesmoor, near Edgecote. The Earl of Warwick was the
+commander of the Lancasterian forces, and the Yorkists were led by the
+Earls of Stafford and Pembroke, who had possession of the town. After
+one of the most determined conflicts ever recorded, the Yorkists were
+routed; the Earl of Pembroke and his brother were both taken and
+beheaded, and Edward IV. himself made prisoner a few days after. In
+1642, the towns-people took part with the Parliament, but after the
+battle of Edgehill, this castle was taken by the royalists, under Sir
+William Compton, who defended it for 13 weeks against all the efforts of
+Sir John Fiennes, until the garrison was relieved by the Earl of
+Northampton. It suffered a further siege of 10 weeks, under Sir William
+Waller, and surrendered on honourable terms. Leland, who wrote in the
+Reign of Henry VIII., says, "In this castle is a terrible prison for
+convict men." A stone vault, with grated windows, and traces of the
+inner ditch, is supposed to have been the terrible prison alluded to,
+but very small remains exist in the present day. The free grammar-school
+is now wholly abandoned, and the school-house let out on lease by the
+corporation. This is much to be regretted, as it was formerly held in
+such high estimation, that the statutes of this establishment were taken
+as a model for St. Paul's school, London; and the statutes of the free
+grammar-school of Manchester, in 1524, ordain, that the grammar taught
+in that school, should be taught only "after the manner of the school at
+Banbury, in Oxfordshire, which is called Stanbridge's Grammar." Mr.
+Stanbridge, the celebrated grammarian alluded to, was a highly learned
+man, and tutor to Sir Thomas Pope. Adjoining the Ram Inn is a sulphurous
+well, and at a small distance from the town is a chalybeate spring. The
+pyrites aureus, or golden fire-stone, is frequently found in this
+neighbourhood. Among other interesting remains about the town is an
+ancient hospital, dedicated to St. John, now converted into a
+farm-house. This borough returns one member to parliament, as it did
+before the passing of the Reform Bill. The electors of the old
+constituency were but 18 in number, but the £10. householders are about
+365. The borough comprises the parish, and the returning-officer is the
+Mayor.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Thursday after Jan. 18, for cattle,
+   horses, and sheep: first Thursday in Lent; second Thursday before
+   Easter, cattle and sheep; Ascension Day; Thursday and Friday in
+   Trinity week; August 13, horses, cows, and sheep; Thursday after Old
+   Michaelmas, hogs and cheese; October 30; and second Thursday before
+   Christmas. Cheese, hops, and cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 4.15 morning;
+   departs 10.34 night.--_Bankers_, (Old Bank) Cobb and Co., draw on
+   Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Gibbons and Co., draw on Robarts and Co.;
+   Gillett and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Red Lion, and White
+   Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Cheese and cakes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Battle of Banbury.]
+
+[Sidenote: Once a celebrated grammar school.]
+
+[Sidenote: Electors.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    50|Bangor[A] city & pa|Caernarvon|Caernarvon 9|Aberconway 15|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    50|Bangor[A] city & pa|Holyhead             24|  245|   4751|
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BANGOR, which signifies the beautiful choir, is a Bishop's See;
+compared to its former size, it is now but an inconsiderable place. It
+is seated at the mouth of the Menai, near its opening to the Lavan
+sands, in a narrow valley, between two low ridges of slate rock, opening
+to the south, towards the majestic mountain, Snowdon, which rises 3571
+feet above the level of the sea. Mr. Warner, the intelligent Welsh
+tourist, and his companion, spoke in raptures of this place. The beauty,
+repose, and retirement of the whole pleased them wonderfully. The latter
+observed, "If he were Bishop of Bangor, the only translation he would
+covet would be, thence to heaven." The former agreed with him, that
+"Were fate to throw him also into such a spot, very few attractions
+would have sufficient force to elicit him from it." They had "Never seen
+a place which united so many beauties in so narrow a circle." From this
+city the new road finds its way through a low pass in the adjacent
+ridge, and descends gently along the face of the sloping bank to the
+great bridge: this road is very smooth and well protected, and worthy of
+the magnificent scenery by which it is surrounded. Menai suspension
+bridge is distant about two miles and a half from Bangor. This noble
+bridge is substituted for the inconvenient ferry; it is 100 feet above
+the level of high water, even at spring tides. The cathedral is a low
+plain building, dedicated to St. Deiniol, to whom it owed its origin
+about the year 525, and he was elected the first bishop in 550. He was
+the son of Dinothus, Abbot of Bangor-iscoed, and reared under the
+auspices of a Welsh prince, patron of the bard Talliesin, and perhaps
+the most liberal prince of his time. In 1402 it was burnt down, during
+the rebellion of Owen Glendower; and what is rather singular, it was
+suffered to remain in ruins during the space of 90 years, when the choir
+was rebuilt by the Bishop in the reign of Henry VII. But that cruel
+ravager of ecclesiastical property, Bishop Bulkeley, not only alienated
+the lands belonging to the cathedral, but even had the audacity to sell
+the bells of the church. The choir is fitted up in a style of neat and
+simple elegance, and ornamented with an excellent organ, the gift of Dr.
+Thomas Lloyd, in 1779. The chapter consists of a dean, three
+archdeacons, two precentors, two vicars choral, six minor canons, six
+lay clerks, and eight choristers, with an income of £2,000. per annum.
+The windows of the cathedral were formerly very handsomely ornamented
+with stained glass, but in the civil wars of Charles I. the soldiers
+destroyed these, amongst other things. The most conspicuous monument in
+this building is that erected to the memory of Owen Gwynedd, one of the
+ancient princes of Wales. Here are several Dissenting meeting-houses,
+and the town is the resort of many visitors during the summer season;
+upwards of 50,000 annually are said to remain for longer or shorter
+periods. Steam-packets ply between this place and Liverpool.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, April 5; June 25; September 16; and
+   October 28.--_Mail_ arrives at Menai Bridge 4.15 morning; departs
+   8.32 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: The suspension bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cathedral.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.  |  County. |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+    53|Bangor[A] vil & pa|Flint     |Ellesmere    11|Overton    3|
+    27|Banham          pa|Norfolk   |East Harling  5|Buckenham  2|
+    45|Bank-Newton     to|W.R. York |Skipton       5|Settle    11|
+     9|Banks           to|Cumberland|Carlisle     13|Brampton   3|
+    27|Banningham      pa|Norfolk   |Aylesham      3|N. Walsham 5|
+    37|Banstead[B]     pa|Surrey    |Ewell         3|Croydon    6|
+    34|Banwell[C]      pa|Somerset  |Axbridge      4|Bristol   18|
+    21|Bapchild        pa|Kent      |Sittingbourne 2|Milton     3|
+    40|Barbon        chap|Westmorl. |Kirkby Lons.  3|Sedbergh   7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+-----------+--------------+-----+------+
+    53|Bangor[A] vil & pa|Wrexham                  5|  174|  1389|
+    27|Banham          pa|Diss                     7|   92|  1297|
+    45|Bank-Newton     to|Burnley                 15|  221|   125|
+     9|Banks           to|Longtown                14|  314|   296|
+    27|Banningham      pa|Cromer                   9|  121|   369|
+    37|Banstead[B]     pa|Sutton                   3|   15|   991|
+    34|Banwell[C]      pa|Fensford                16|  130|  1623|
+    21|Bapchild        pa|Faversham                6|   41|   319|
+    40|Barbon        chap|Kendal                  11|  258|   318|
+   +--+------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BANGOR ISCOED is situated on the banks of the river Dee, which here
+passes under a bridge of five arches. This place, at present very
+inconsiderable, is famed on account of having been the site of the most
+ancient monastery in the kingdom, founded by Lucius, the son of Coel,
+the first Christian King of Britain, sometime previous to the year 180.
+This abbey was remarkable for its valuable library, and the number of
+learned men trained within its venerable walls. Gildas Ninnius, who
+lived in the 7th century, was one of its abbots. He wrote in Latin an
+incorrect history of England, which is still extant. According to Speed,
+this monastery, in the year 596, contained no less than 2,400 monks, 100
+of which passed in their turns one hour of devotion; there are no
+remains of the monastery existing.
+
+[Sidenote: The first abbey established in Britain.]
+
+
+[B] BANSTEAD is celebrated for the excellent herbage which the
+neighbouring downs afford the sheep, which are highly prized for the
+delicate flavour of the mutton. There are many elegant seats in the
+vicinity, amongst which are Banstead House, Miss Motteux; Cold Blow
+Cottage, General Sir Edward Howorth; and the Oaks, the seat of the Earl
+of Derby. This celebrated villa was erected by a society of gentlemen,
+called the "Hunter's Club," and the present noble proprietor can
+accommodate his guests with more than 50 bed chambers; and a pack of
+hounds are kept on the establishment, which has been long noted for its
+hospitality. On the 26th of February, 1834, Mr. John Richardson, a
+farmer, returning from Epsom to Banstead, was robbed and murdered on
+these downs.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Earl of Derby.]
+
+
+[C] BANWELL is an agreeable village, situated under the northern
+declivity of the Mendip hills, and is supposed to derive its name from a
+spring strongly impregnated with mineral properties, which expands into
+a fine sheet of water, and after turning two mills, empties itself into
+the channel near the ruins of Woodspring Priory. The church, which is a
+fine specimen of the florid gothic of the Tudor age, contains a richly
+carved screen and rood loft, a beautiful sculptured stone pulpit, and
+several windows of the richest stained glass. This manor has been in the
+possession of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, from the reign of Edward
+the Confessor, with little exception, till the present time. They had
+for many centuries a palace here, but nothing of it remains except a
+private residence called Banwell Court, still interesting for its
+antiquity. The park has been divided into enclosures, which afford at
+every point a most pleasing variety of landscapes. The Bishop of Bath
+and Wells has also a cottage ornee, for the accommodation of his family
+and of the numerous visitors which are driven hither to view the two
+singular caverns which have been discovered of late years in this
+neighbourhood. The monastery of Banwell was founded by the early Saxon
+monarchs. Asserius, or Asser, the scholar and biographer of King Alfred,
+was made Abbot by that monarch. This Abbey was destroyed by the Danes;
+it was afterwards restored, but never recovered its pristine importance;
+for instead of arriving at the point of prosperity usual in Royal
+foundations, it sunk into obscurity long prior to the dissolution of
+religious houses. Banwell is remarkable for two extraordinary caverns
+discovered in the year 1824, which occasioned no inconsiderable number
+of the curious to resort to the village. They were first discovered by
+some workmen digging a shaft in search of Calamine, which intersected a
+steep narrow fissure; after they had descended about 80 feet it opened
+into a spacious cavern, 150 feet long and 30 broad, and about 30 feet
+high. This is called the stalactite cavern, from the beautiful specimens
+of crystalized stalactite, which lay covering huge fragments of rock
+about the floor. In this place were found two pieces of candle,
+encrusted with lime, supposed to have been left by the miners after
+working for ochre, calamine, &c. A rich vein of iron ore, with some
+cobalt and manganese, was also discovered, the working of which has long
+since commenced, and the produce is conveyed to the smelting works on
+the southern coast of Wales. The workmen, in order to facilitate an
+easier method of entrance, opened another fissure lower in the rock,
+when suddenly another cavern presented itself, the floor of which was
+covered with a mass of sand, limestone, teeth, bones, &c. Professor
+Buckland, who surveyed this place, states, that a shaft being driven
+into this mass, proved it to have been nearly 40 feet deep. The bones
+consisted of various specimens of the ox tribe, including the elk.
+Skeletons of the wolf, and a gigantic bear, in point of preservation,
+like what are to be found in ordinary churchyards--supposed to be of
+antediluvian origin, where found here. In the roof of the cave is a
+large chimney-like shaft, formerly rising to the surface, but now
+blocked up by fragments of limestone, mud, and sand, adhering together
+by incrustation, and through which dreadful pitfall, it is presumed,
+this immense number of beasts were precipitated at the great inundation.
+The rubbish has been partially cleared, and the bones are used to
+decorate the sides of the walls. A British earthwork crowns the summit
+of the neighbouring eminence, enclosing, within its irregular rampart,
+an area of about 20 acres; and, about a quarter of a mile further, is an
+entrenchment nearly square, the ground in the centre of which is
+elevated in the form of a cross.
+
+   _Fairs_, Jan. 18, and July 18, for cattle, sheep, and cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: Formerly a Bishop's Palace.]
+
+[Sidenote: Extraordinary caverns.]
+
+[Sidenote: Antediluvian bones.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.   | County. |   Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+----------+---------------+
+    28|Barby                pa|Northamp |Daventry 6|Welford      11|
+    39|Barcheston           pa|Warwick  |Shipston 2|Kineton       9|
+    38|Barcombe             pa|Sussex   |Lewes    3|Uckfield      6|
+    44|Barden               pa|N.R. York|Leyburn  3|Richmond      4|
+    44|Barden        to & chap|W.R. York|Skipton  8|Paitley Brid. 9|
+    14|Bardfield,(Great)[A] pa|Essex    |Thaxted  5|Dunmow        7|
+    14|Bardfield-Saling     pa|Essex    |         4|              7|
+    24|Bardney[B]           pa|Lincoln  |Lincoln 12|Horncastle    9|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+----------+---------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+---------+
+    28|Barby                pa|Crick              4|   78|      637|
+    39|Barcheston           pa|L. Compton         5|   83|      198|
+    38|Barcombe             pa|Brighton          11|   48|      931|
+    44|Barden               pa|Bedale             8|  231|      106|
+    44|Barden        to & chap|Otley             13|  218|      214|
+    14|Bardfield,(Great)[A] pa|Haverhill         10|   48|     1029|
+    14|Bardfield-Saling     pa|                  10|   48|      359|
+    24|Bardney[B]           pa|Wragby             9|  136|     1098|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BARDFIELD, (Great.) _Market_, formerly Tuesday (now
+disused.)--_Fair_, June 22, for cattle and toys.
+
+
+[B] BARDNEY, anciently Beardanam, is situated in a marsh on the north
+bank of the river Witham. An abbey was founded in the time of the
+Saxons, prior to the year 641. Here Ethelred, divesting himself of the
+splendour of royalty, retired to devote his days to religion, and became
+superior of the monastery. King Oswald is said to have been buried here,
+but the body was afterwards removed to the church of Gloucester. The
+hand was retained by the monks as a relique, to which they ascribed the
+power of working miracles, and for a long period imposed upon the
+credulity of superstitious pilgrims. In the year 870 the monastery was
+burned by the Danes, but was afterwards rebuilt by Gilbert De Gaunt,
+Earl of Lincoln, who annexed to it several extensive estates. At the
+dissolution its annual revenues were estimated at £429. 7s.
+
+[Sidenote: King Oswald buried here.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+    23|Bardon Park         to|Leicester |Leicester 9|Loughboro' 5|
+    22|Bardsea             to|Lancaster |Ulverston 3|Dalton     5|
+    50|Bardsey Isle[A]       |Caernarvon|Aberdaron 4|Pwllheli  20|
+    45|Bardsey[B]     to & pa|W.R. York |Wetherby  5|Leeds      9|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    23|Bardon Park         to|Ashby                9|  107|     65|
+    22|Bardsea             to|Cartmel              8|  276|    ...|
+    50|Bardsey Isle[A]       |Nevin               18|  256|     84|
+    45|Bardsey[B]     to & pa|Tadcaster            8|  193|    331|
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARDSEY ISLE, is near the south-east point of the promontory of
+Llyn, in Caernarvonshire: it is of a moderate elevation; in length two
+miles, and in breadth one. The third part of its contents of 370 acres,
+occupied by a high mountain, affords sustenance to a few sheep and
+rabbits. It is about a league distant from the main land, and only
+accessible to the mariner on its south-east side, where there is a small
+well-sheltered harbour. There is no reptile ever seen on this island,
+except the common water-lizard. The soil is clayey, but produces
+excellent barley and wheat. The inhabitants are employed in cultivating
+the land, and in fishing. The abbot's house is a large stone building,
+occupied by several families, and near it is a singular chapel, or
+oratory, being a long arched edifice, with a insolated stone altar near
+the east end. Dubricius, archbishop of Caerleon, almost worn out with
+age, resigned his see to St. David, retired here, and died in 522. He
+was interred upon the spot, but such was the veneration paid to his
+memory in after ages, that about the year 1107, his remains were
+removed, by the procurement of Urban, then Bishop of Llandaff, and
+re-interred in the cathedral of that see, of which he had been the first
+bishop. St. Dubricius was a man of singular eminence for learning and
+piety. He was Archbishop of Caerleon, and Metropolitan of all Wales, in
+the time of Aurelius Ambrosius; and prior to this elevation, he taught a
+school on the banks of his native river, which was much resorted to from
+all Christian countries.
+
+[Sidenote: No reptiles on this island.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Dubricius.]
+
+
+[B] BARDSEY, comprises the township of Bardsey, with Rigton and
+Wathersome. Near the church is a mound called Castle Hill, supposed to
+have been the site of a Roman fortress. At Bardsey Grange, in this
+parish, resided occasionally, and died, Francis Thorpe, the tyrannical
+Baron of the Exchequer; but the same house is rendered memorable as the
+birth place of the poet Congreve, in 1670. This clever and celebrated
+poet, was baptised in the church of this village in the month of
+February of the same year. When an infant he was carried to Kilkenny, by
+his father, who had the command of the army there. He received his
+education in the school of Kilkenny, and from these circumstances it is
+probable that persons had fallen into the erroneous impression that
+Congreve was a native of Ireland. In 1685 he was admitted into the
+university of Dublin. In 1691 he became a member of the society of the
+Middle Temple, but soon relinquished the dry study of the Law. At the
+age of twenty-one, he published his novel called "Incognita," or, "Love
+and Duty Reconciled." Soon afterwards, he brought out the Comedy, called
+"The Old Bachelor," of which Dryden says, "he never saw such a first
+play in his life;" it was performed in 1793, with the most unbounded
+applause. Lord Falkland wrote the prologue. The singular success and
+merits of this production, recommended him to the patronage and notice
+of the Earl of Halifax, who settled him in an office of six hundred a
+year, and during his life patronised him in every way he could. His next
+piece was "The Double Dealer." On the death of Queen Mary, in 1693, he
+wrote a Pastoral on the occasion, entitled "The Mourning Muse of
+Alexis," upon the appearance of which King William, her husband, granted
+him an annuity of £100. per annum. In 1695, he produced his Comedy,
+called "Love for Love;" and in 1697, the beautiful Tragedy of "The
+Mourning Bride." Having lived a high and honorable life amongst the most
+celebrated wits and classical men of the age, he died at his house in
+Surrey-street, in the Strand, January 19, 1729. On the 26th his corpse
+lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminster, and the same
+evening was carried into Henry the Seventh's Chapel, and afterwards
+buried in the Abbey. His pall was supported by the Duke of Bridgewater,
+Earl Godolphin, Lord Cobham, Lord Wilmington, Hon. George Berkeley,
+Esq., and Brigadier-General Churchill. Dr. Johnson says, "He has merit
+of the highest kind; he is an original writer, who borrowed neither the
+models of his plot, nor the manner of his dialogue." And Voltaire
+remarks, "That he raised the glory of comedy to a greater height than
+any English writer before or since his time."
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of Congreve, the poet.]
+
+[Sidenote: His works.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in Surrey-st., London.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County. |Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+    36|Bardwell             pa|Suffolk  |Bury      10|Ixworth      3|
+    22|Bare                 to|Lancaster|Lancaster  3|Burton      10|
+    23|Baresley             to|Leicester|Leicester 10|Melton       8|
+    27|Barford              pa|Norfolk  |Wymondham  5|Dereham     13|
+    39|Barford              pa|Warwick  |Warwick    3|Stratford    7|
+    31|Barford,(Great)[A]   pa|Bedford  |Bedford    6|St. Neots    7|
+     3|Barford,(Great)      pa|Oxford   |Deddington 2|Banbury      6|
+     3|Barford,(Little)[B]  pa|Bedford  |St. Neots  3|Potton       7|
+    31|Barford, St. John's, ch|Oxford   |Deddington 3|Banbury      5|
+    41|Barford, St. Martin, pa|Wilts    |Wilton     3|Salisbury    6|
+    43|Barforth             to|N.R. York|Richmond  10|Barnard Cas 10|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    36|Bardwell             pa|Thetford             9|   80|     799|
+    22|Bare                 to|K. Lonsdale         14|  243|     110|
+    23|Baresley             to|M. Sorrel           10|  105|     ...|
+    27|Barford              pa|Norwich             10|  105|     420|
+    39|Barford              pa|Kineton              8|   92|     748|
+    31|Barford,(Great)[A]   pa|Potton               7|   53|     731|
+     3|Barford,(Great)      pa|Chip Norton         11|   71|     350|
+     3|Barford,(Little)[B]  pa|Biggleswade          9|   54|     176|
+    31|Barford, St. John's, ch|Chip Norton         11|   72|     131|
+    41|Barford, St. Martin, pa|Hindon              10|   87|     570|
+    43|Barforth             to|Darlington           9|  243|     128|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BARFORD, (Great). At this place is a piece of land, called White
+Bread Close, left, as is generally believed, by one of the Shepherd
+family, formerly residents of considerable opulence in the parish, for
+the purpose of purchasing loaves of white bread, to be thrown among the
+populace from the church porch. This whimsical custom at last became
+such a scene of scrambling, fighting, and disorder, that it was
+prohibited by the curate, and the money applied towards the purchase of
+coals for the poor, at Christmas. The boys, and even men, seemed to have
+participated in this sport, the same as at a game at foot-ball, or other
+play; and an old gentleman in the adjoining village fully remembers
+taking an active part in the scramble, and bearing off the wheaten loaf
+in triumph.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious custom.]
+
+
+[B] BARFORD, (Little), is situated in the hundred of Biggleswade, and is
+chiefly celebrated as the birth-place of Rowe, the dramatic poet, who
+was born here in the year 1673. His father having designed him for the
+study of the law, took him from school at the age of sixteen, and
+entered him a student in the Middle Temple. He made considerable
+progress, and was called to the bar, but Homer and Virgil had more
+charms for him than either Coke or Littleton. He was strongly solicited
+by his friends to practice, but nothing could overcome his affection for
+the muses; and his play, the "Ambitious Step-mother," having been
+received with great applause, he resolved to make poetry his profession.
+He had imbibed in his youth the most noble sentiments of liberty, of
+which he gave a specimen in his Tragedy of "Tamerlane." This was the
+second play that he wrote, and until of late years it was usual to
+perform it on the 4th and 5th of November, in commemoration of the
+gunpowder treason, and the landing of King William. Mr. Rowe being out
+of all employment, went one day to wait on the Earl of Oxford, Lord High
+Treasurer of England, when, among other things his Lordship asked him,
+whether he understood Spanish. He replied in the negative, and his
+Lordship said he would advise him to learn it as soon as possible. Rowe
+took his leave, applied himself to the study of that language, and
+expecting some lucrative employment, again waited upon him. How great
+was his disappointment, when his Lordship, on being informed of his
+acquisition, merely exclaimed, "How happy are you, Mr. Rowe, that you
+can now enjoy the pleasure of reading "Don Quixote" in the original!"
+His death took place on the 6th of December, 1718, in the 45th year of
+his age, and he was buried with great funeral pomp, in Westminster
+Abbey, where a handsome monument is erected to his memory.
+
+[Sidenote: Rowe, the Dramatist.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.  |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    21|Barfreston        pa|Kent      |Wingham    6|Dover       8|
+    19|Barham            pa|Huntingdon|Kimbolton  6|Alconbury   4|
+    21|Barham            pa|Kent      |Canterbury 7|Dover       9|
+    36|Barham            pa|Suffolk   |Ipswich    5|Needham     5|
+    24|Barholm           pa|Lincoln   |M. Deeping 4|Stamford    6|
+    23|Barkby            pa|Leicester |Leicester  5|Melton     11|
+    23|Barkby-Thorpe     to|Leicester |           4|           12|
+     4|Barkham           pa|Berks     |Wokingham  4|Reading     7|
+    14|Barking[A] m.t. & pa|Essex     |Romford    5|Woolwich    4|
+    36|Barking           pa|Suffolk   |Needham Mt 1|Stow Market 4|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    21|Barfreston        pa|Canterbury           10|   65|    114|
+    19|Barham            pa|Huntingdon           10|   68|     73|
+    21|Barham            pa|Sandwich             11|   62|   1053|
+    36|Barham            pa|Debenham              9|   74|    825|
+    24|Barholm           pa|Bourn                 8|   94|    155|
+    23|Barkby            pa|Houghton              5|  100|    806|
+    23|Barkby-Thorpe     to|                      5|  100|     72|
+     4|Barkham           pa|Bagshot              11|   35|    247|
+    14|Barking[A] m.t. & pa|Ilford                2|    7|   8036|
+    36|Barking           pa|Ipswich              10|   70|   1884|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARKING, in the hundred of Beacontree. The name is derived,
+according to some writers, from the Saxon words Beorce--a birch tree,
+and Ing--a meadow; but the most natural presumption is, that it takes
+its name from Berging, signifying a fortification in a meadow, and which
+seems to be borne out, as there is an encampment still to be traced, of
+the most extensive dimensions, being more than forty-eight acres in the
+area; near to which is a spring of fine water, which no doubt supplied
+the inmates. In 870, Barking was burnt by the Danes, and the abbey
+destroyed, and the nuns either murdered or dispersed. Soon after the
+conquest, King William retired to this place, while the Tower of London
+was being erected, not deeming it safe to continue in that city; and
+here he was visited during the preparation for his coronation, by Earl
+Edwin, of Mercia; Morcar, Earl of Northumberland; and many others of the
+nobility, who swore fealty to him, on the restoration of their estates.
+It is situated on the river Roding, which branches off in two different
+streams, and unites with the Thames about two miles distant. Barking
+Creek is navigable for ships of 80 tons burden, and the coal and timber,
+together with the fishing trade, is carried on to a considerable extent.
+About a hundred fishing smacks sail from this town. Near the creek is a
+large flour mill, formerly belonging to the abbey; and in the vicinity
+of the town are extensive potatoe grounds for the supply of the London
+market. Barking is rather a dull town, from the want of a main
+thoroughfare; it has the appearance of antiquity stamped upon it,
+particularly the market-house, which is an extensive and ancient
+building of timber and plaster, of the age of Elizabeth. Here is a
+town-hall and work-house. A free quay for landing goods, subject to a
+table of regulations, and a spacious new road from the Commercial-road,
+through Eastham and Wallend to Barking. The church is dedicated to St.
+Margaret, and is a spacious ancient structure, with a lofty embattled
+tower at the west end, having a beacon turret at one corner. A
+free-school, which now occupies part of the work-house, was founded by
+Sir James Campbell, in 1641, who bequeathed a sum of £666. 13s. 4d. for
+that purpose. John Fowke, Esq., bequeathed certain lands for the
+maintenance of eight boys in Christ's Hospital, two of whom are chosen
+from this parish. The importance formerly attached to the town of
+Barking was almost entirely to be attributed to the magnificent abbey
+that was established here in the year 670, by Erkenwald, Bishop of
+London, for nuns of the Benedictine order: it was dedicated to the
+Virgin Mary. This abbey was governed by a succession of Abbesses, of
+noble, and even royal descent After the destruction of the establishment
+by the Danes, in the year 870, it was again rebuilt in a style of
+greater splendour than before, and on the death of King Edgar, in 970,
+his queen became Abbess. From the earliest period to the time of its
+dissolution, it may be said to have been a seminary for the principal
+gentry of England. Its revenues amounted, at the suppression of the
+religious houses, to £1084. 6s. 2-3/4d. Destruction has done its worst
+to this beautiful abbey, for at present little or nothing remains but
+the gateway, an interesting object, and in good preservation; over which
+is a room, called the Chapel of the Holy Ghost. This gateway was
+denominated the fire-bell gate, from its having anciently contained the
+curfew; it is a square embattled structure, with an octagonal turret at
+one of the angles. The arch of the entrance is finely pointed, and
+enriched with deeply receding mouldings; above is a canopied niche,
+under a fine gothic window of three lights. Among the ruins of the abbey
+were discovered a fibula, and a gold ring, on which were engraved, the
+Salutation of the Virgin Mary, and the initials I.M. The tyranny
+exercised over the tenants of this manor by the fraternity, would almost
+create a feeling of surprise in our present liberal and enlightened age,
+were they not perfectly well known in a thousand other instances. The
+manor of Clayhall was held under the Abbess and convent of Barking, by
+the following services: viz. that every tenant should come in person to
+the Abbey Church, on the vigil of St. Ethelburg the Virgin, and there
+attend and guard the high altar, from the first hours of Vespers till
+nine the next morning; and that he should be ready at all times, with a
+horse and a man, to attend the Abbess and her steward, when going upon
+the business of the convent, any where within the four seas. And,
+lastly, that the Abbess should have by way of herriot, upon the death of
+every tenant, his best horse and accoutrements: these services, however,
+did not exempt them from the quit rents. Besides the above tenure, there
+were other vexatious contingencies; viz. one (Robert Gerard) was among
+other services, to gather a full measure of nuts, called a pybot, four
+of which should make a bushel; to go a long journey on foot once a year
+to Colchester, Chelmsford, Ely, or the like distances, on the business
+of the convent, carrying a pack; and other shorter distances, such as
+Brentford, &c., and maintaining himself upon the road. He was to pay a
+fine upon the marriage of his daughter, if she married beyond the limits
+of the manor. If his daughter had an illegitimate child, he was to make
+the best terms he could with the Abbess, for the fine called Kyldwyte.
+It appears also, that he could not even sell his ox fed by himself,
+without the Abbess's permission. Some of the tenants, according to
+Blount, were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the Abbess's prison.
+A few miles distant, in a glade in Hainhault Forest, formerly stood an
+oak, famed through many centuries, and known by the name of Fairlop Oak.
+Its age is traced by the traditions of the country half way through the
+Christian era. Part of this noble tree has been converted into the
+pulpit of St. Pancras new church. Its rough fluted stem was 36 feet in
+circumference, and about a yard from the ground, divided into eleven
+immense arms; yet not in the horizontal manner of an oak, but rather
+that of a beech. Beneath its shade, which formerly overspread an area of
+three hundred feet in circuit, an annual fair was held on the 2nd of
+July, and no booth was suffered to be raised beyond the extent of its
+boughs. The fair is still continued on the same spot the first Friday in
+July.
+
+   _Market_ disused.--_Fair_, October 22, for toys. It lies within the
+   three-penny post delivery.
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of its name.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by the Danes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Once a town of importance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular services by which the manor of Clayhall was held.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fairlop oak.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+-------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+    45|Barkisland       to|W.R. York|Halifax      4|Huddersfield 8|
+    23|Barkston         pa|Leicester|Melton      12|Belvoir Cas. 4|
+    24|Barkstone        pa|Lincoln  |Grantham     4|Sleaford     9|
+    46|Barkstone Ash    to|W.R. York|Tadcaster    6|Abberford    5|
+    18|Barkway     to & pa|Herts    |Hertford    15|Puckeridge   8|
+    24|Barkwith, East   pa|Lincoln  |Wragby       3|M. Raisin    8|
+    24|Barkwith, West   pa|Lincoln  |             3|             8|
+    35|Barlaston        pa|Stafford |Stone        4|Newcastle    6|
+    38|Barlavington     pa|Sussex   |Petworth     5|Chichester  12|
+    10|Barlborough      pa|Derby    |Chesterfield 8|Worksop      7|
+    46|Barlby         chap|E.R. York|Selby        2|York        13|
+    23|Barleston      chap|Leicester|Bosworth     3|Leicester   12|
+    18|Barley           pa|Herts    |Barkway      3|Cambridge   14|
+    22|Barley           to|Lancaster|Colne        5|Clitheroe    5|
+    32|Barleythorpe   chap|Rutland  |Oakham       2|Melton       9|
+    14|Barling          pa|Essex    |Prittlewell  5|Rochford     5|
+    24|Barlings         pa|Lincoln  |Lincoln      7|Wragby       4|
+    46|Barlow           to|W.R. York|Selby        3|Snaith       6|
+    10|Barlow, Great  chap|Derby    |Chesterfield 4|Dronfield    3|
+    10|Barlow, Little   to|Derby    |             5|             3|
+   +--+-------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    45|Barkisland       to|Rochdale              13|  196|    2292|
+    23|Barkston         pa|Bingham                7|  115|     297|
+    24|Barkstone        pa|Folkingham            11|  114|     430|
+    46|Barkstone Ash    to|York                  15|  185|     265|
+    18|Barkway     to & pa|Cambridge             17|   35|    1108|
+    24|Barkwith, East   pa|Louth                 12|  147|     187|
+    24|Barkwith, West   pa|                      11|  146|     113|
+    35|Barlaston        pa|Cheadle                8|  145|     514|
+    38|Barlavington     pa|Arundel                8|   54|     111|
+    10|Barlborough      pa|Sheffield             17|  150|     713|
+    46|Barlby         chap|Howden                12|  183|     348|
+    23|Barleston      chap|Ashby                  9|  109|     582|
+    18|Barley           pa|Ware                  16|   37|     704|
+    22|Barley           to|Burnley                5|  217|     707|
+    32|Barleythorpe   chap|Stamford              13|   96|     ...|
+    14|Barling          pa|Southend               6|   45|     317|
+    24|Barlings         pa|Bardney                8|  140|     280|
+    46|Barlow           to|Howden                 8|  179|     225|
+    10|Barlow, Great  chap|Sheffield             10|  154|     581|
+    10|Barlow, Little   to|                      10|  155|      58|
+   +--+-------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County. |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    46|Barmby on the M.   chap|E.R. York|Howden      5|Selby       6|
+    46|Barnby on Don   to & pa|W.R. York|Doncaster   6|Thorne      7|
+    46|Barmby on Moor,  to & p|E.R. York|Pocklington 2|York       11|
+    53|Barmele              to|Flint    |Chester     7|Holywell   12|
+    27|Barmer               pa|Norfolk  |Burnham     6|Fakenham    7|
+    21|Barming[A]           pa|Kent     |Maidstone   3|Tonbridge  11|
+    55|Barmouth[B]          to|Merioneth|Dolgelly   10|Harleigh   11|
+    13|Barmpton             to|Durham   |Darlington  3|Stockton    9|
+    13|Barmston             to|Durham   |Sunderland  5|Durham     10|
+    43|Barmston             pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 7|Driffield  10|
+    39|Barnacle            ham|Warwick  |Nuneaton    5|Coventry    7|
+    30|Barnack              pa|Northamp |Wansford    4|Stamford    4|
+    22|Barnaker             to|Lancaster|Garstang    3|Lancaster  12|
+    13|Barnard Castle[C] t & p|Durham   |Middleton  10|Darlington 17|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    46|Barmby on the M.   chap|Snaith                6|  180|    525|
+    46|Barnby on Don   to & pa|                      9|  168|    617|
+    46|Barmby on Moor,  to & p|M. Weighton           8|  210|    440|
+    53|Barmele              to|Flint                 8|  196|    115|
+    27|Barmer               pa|Lynn                 18|  115|     43|
+    21|Barming[A]           pa|Chatham              13|   33|    565|
+    55|Barmouth[B]          to|Towyn                11|  222   |1980|
+    13|Barmpton             to|Durham               18|  244|     90|
+    13|Barmston             to|Newcastle             7|  269|     73|
+    43|Barmston             pa|Hornsea               8|  200|    223|
+    39|Barnacle            ham|Rugby                12|   95|    219|
+    30|Barnack              pa|Peterboro'           11|   88|    812|
+    22|Barnaker             to|Preston              15|  232|    519|
+    13|Barnard Castle[C] t & p|Staindrop             6|  246|   4430|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARMING. Of this village the learned antiquarian, Mark Noble, was
+rector. His principal works were a history of the College of Arms, a
+Genealogical History of the Royal Families of Europe, Memoirs of the
+Protectorate House of Cromwell; and, also, of the illustrious house of
+Medici. On St. Thomas's Day there is an annual solicitation for charity,
+and with the money raised loaves of bread are purchased, and distributed
+to the resident poor. Great quantities of hops, cherries, and filberts,
+are grown in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Mark Noble.]
+
+
+[B] BARMOUTH, near the conflux of the river Maw, or Mawddach, is a
+village singularly situated; the houses are disposed, either among the
+sand, in a low situation, or at different heights on the side of a huge
+rock, like a part of the city of Edinburgh, and are said to resemble the
+town of Gibraltar. These houses form eight tiers, to which there is no
+approach, but by steps cut in the rock. The floors of one row are about
+level with the tops of the chimnies immediately in front; so that a
+person standing at his door may look down the chimnies of the
+neighbourhood below. The first range regales the second with its smoke,
+the second the third, &c. till we arrive at the uppermost, which, in a
+westerly wind, takes the mixed perfume of all. Barmouth is the port of
+Merionethshire, not far from which the river Mawddach has its
+commencement. "Proceeding along the banks of this river towards
+Dolgelly," says Mr. Bingley, "when it was high water, the whole bed of
+the river being filled, made the different landscapes in the scene
+appear truly picturesque. The first two miles which lay along, what the
+inhabitants of Barmouth call, the Beach, formed the most interesting
+part of the journey. In the composition of the views, scarcely any thing
+appeared wanting; there was every requisite of mountain and vale, wood,
+water, meadows, and rocks, arranged in beautiful order. Beyond the
+beach, the road winds at a little distance from the river, among the low
+mountains; and from different stations, I had views of the most elegant
+and picturesque landscapes, the river partly hidden by intervening
+mountains. This stream is much diminished in width and depth: at present
+it will not admit so much as a pleasure-boat to reach Dolgelly, which
+obliges company to walk three-quarters of a mile to the town."
+
+[Sidenote: A very curiously built town.]
+
+
+[C] BARNARD CASTLE. The castle from which the town appears to have
+derived its name, was founded by Barnard, son of Guy Baliol, who
+accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and to whom William Rufus
+granted the noble forests of Teesdale and Marwood. Edward the First,
+determined to mortify the Bishop of Durham and to abridge his power; he,
+therefore, gave this castle to Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in whose
+family it continued for five generations. It afterwards came to the
+crown, and the tyrant Richard III. who took very great delight in this
+place, contributed much to its beauty by the most tasteful
+embellishments; his armorial bearings still appear, not only on the
+castle but over many parts of the town, and it has been a crown domain
+ever since. Hutchinson in his history of the county of Durham, describes
+the remains of the castle as covering about six acres and three quarters
+of ground. The parts which were of chief strength, stand on the very
+brink of a steep rock, about eighty feet above the level of the river
+Tees, commanding a most beautiful prospect up the river. The area on the
+side of the market-place, appears not to have had any communication with
+the chief strongholds and bulwarks of the fortress, and is separated
+from the interior buildings by a deep fosse which surrounds the rest of
+the castle. In an adjoining ground called the Flatts, is a large
+reservoir cut in swampy ground; water was collected and conveyed to the
+castle in pipes, to supply the garrison and cattle enclosed within the
+walls of the outer areas in times of public danger. This area is now a
+pasture for sheep, and other parts enclosed by the walls have been
+converted into orchards.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday in Easter and Whitsun Week,
+   St. James's Day, and July 25, for horses, cattle, and
+   sheep.--_Bankers_, W. Skinner and Co. draw on Barclay and
+   Co.--_Inns_, King's Head, and Rose and Crown.--_Mail_ arrives 6.40
+   morning; departs 2.40 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Guy Baliol.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |   Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
+    36|Barnardiston   pa|Suffolk   |Clare        4|Haverhill 4|
+    45|Barnbow        to|W.R. York |Leeds        6|Tadcaster 9|
+    45|Barnbrough[A]  pa|W.R. York |Doncaster    7|Rotherham 8|
+    36|Barnby         pa|Suffolk   |Beccles      4|Lowestoft 7|
+    43|Barnby         to|N.R. York |Whitby       5|Guisboro 16|
+    30|Barnby-on-Moor to|Nottingham|East Retford 3|Bawtry    5|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+    36|Barnardiston   pa|Newmarket              12|   59|  206|
+    45|Barnbow        to|Abberford               4|  190|     |
+    45|Barnbrough[A]  pa|Barnsley               10|  167|  520|
+    36|Barnby         pa|Bungay                 11|  111|  303|
+    43|Barnby         to|Scarborough            23|  238|  224|
+    30|Barnby-on-Moor to|Blyth                   3|  148|  206|
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BARNBROUGH. The church is dedicated to Saint Peter, and contains a
+rude painting commemorative of "a serious contest that took place
+between a man and a wild cat." This conflict, which every body in
+Barnbrough firmly believes, is said to have occurred about the middle of
+the fifteenth century, between Percival Cresacre, lord of the manor, and
+a wild cat o' mountain. He is reported to have been attacked in one of
+the little woods in the neighbourhood, by this furious animal, and a
+running fight was kept up till they reached the church porch, where the
+mortal combat ended in the death of both. That some such circumstance
+did occur, is conjectured from the crest which the family afterwards
+adopted, viz. a cat o' mountain, which is still to be seen on the tower
+of the church; and the tradition is said to be further confirmed by the
+figure of an animal at the foot of the oak statue of this Cresacre, and
+also a rubiginous stone in the pavement of the porch of the church. We
+have many evidences in history that cats were beasts of chase,
+particularly in the charter of Ranulph Piperking, granted by Edward the
+Confessor:--
+
+   Hart and hind, doe and bock,
+   Fox and cat, hare and brock.
+
+and again,
+
+   Four greyhounds and six raches,
+   For hare and fox and wild cates.
+
+In the church is an ancient monument of Alicia Cresacre, wife of the
+above gentleman, who died in 1450, on which is carved in old text:--
+
+   Our bodys in stonys lye full still,
+   Our saulys in wandyr at Godys will.
+
+In the north chancel is the monument of Percival Cresacre, a richly
+decorated altar-tomb under a flat arch, at the crown of which is the
+family arms, viz. three lions rampant, purple, on a gold shield. The
+effigies of Cresacre is in fine preservation, composed of carved oak,
+and representing a knight in a suite of plate armour, with his arms
+painted on a shield, and an animal (supposed to be a lion) at his feet.
+His sword which hung from his belt has been taken away, and both
+monuments are decorated with the favorite device of the family, a rosary
+of beads.
+
+[Sidenote: Contest between the lord of the manor and a wild cat.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.  |Number of Miles From |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+
+    30|Barnby-in-Willows pa|Nottingham|Newark   4|Lincoln 16|
+    37|Barnes            pa|Surrey    |Kingston 6|Chiswick 2|
+    37|Barn-Elms[A]     ham|Surrey    | ...     6|  ...    2|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+    30|Barnby-in-Willows pa|Grantham           14|  124| 237|
+    37|Barnes            pa|Wandsworth          3|    5|1417|
+    37|Barn-Elms[A]     ham|  ...               3|    5|    |
+   +--+--------------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BARN-ELMS. On the adjoining common stood the house in which the
+members of the celebrated Kit Cat Club assembled. Their original place
+of meeting was in London, but Jacob Tonson, the bookseller, who was
+their secretary, caused it to be transferred to a house belonging to
+himself, at Barn-Elms, and built a handsome room for their
+accommodation. The portrait of each member was painted by Sir Godfrey
+Kneller, but the apartment not being sufficiently large to receive
+half-length pictures, a shorter canvas was adopted, and hence proceeded
+the technical term of Kit Cat size. We give a further account of this
+club from the graphic pen of Sir Richard Phillips, in his "Morning's
+Walk from London to Kew," 1817. "A lane in the north-west corner of the
+common brought me to Barn-Elms, where now resides a Mr. Hoare, a banker,
+of London. The family were from home, and I had some difficulty to gain
+admittance, the servants knowing nothing either of the club, or its
+former occupant. A walk covered with docks, thistles, nettles, and high
+grass, led from the remains of a gateway in the garden wall to the door
+which opened into the building. Ah! thought I, through this desolate
+avenue, the finest geniuses in England daily proceeded to meet their
+friends. Yet, within a century, how changed--how deserted--how
+revolting! A cold chill seized me as the man unfastened the decayed
+door, and I beheld the once elegant hall filled with cobwebs, a fallen
+ceiling, and accumulating rubbish. The door on the left led to a
+spacious, and once superb, staircase--now in ruins. The entire building,
+for want of ventilation, having become food for the fungus, called
+dry-rot, the timbers had lost its cohesive powers. I ascended the
+staircase, therefore, with a degree of danger to which my conductor
+would not expose himself, but was well requited for my pains. Here I
+found the Kit-Cat Club-room, nearly as it existed in the days of its
+glory. It is 18 feet high, and 40 feet long, by 20 wide. The mouldings
+and ornaments were in the most superb fashion of its age, but the whole
+was falling to pieces from the effects of the dry-rot. My attention was
+chiefly attracted by the faded cloth-hangings of the room, whose red
+colour once set off the famous portraits of the club that hung around
+it. Their marks and sizes were still visible, and their numbers and
+names remained, as written in chalk for the guidance of the hanger. Thus
+was I, as it were, brought into contact with Addison and Steele, and
+Congreve, and Garth, and Dryden, and with many hereditary nobles,
+remembered only because they were patrons of those natural nobles. I
+read their names aloud--I invoked their departed spirits--I was appalled
+by the echo of my own voice. The holes in the floor, the forest of
+cobwebs in the windows, and a swallow's nest in the corner of the
+ceiling, proclaimed that I was viewing a vision of the dreamers of a
+past age; that I saw realized before me the speaking vanities of the
+anxious career of man. On rejoining Mr. Hoare's servant in the hall
+below, he informed me that his master intended to pull the building
+down, and form of it a riding-house. I learn that this design has since
+been executed. The Kit-Cat pictures were painted early in the eighteenth
+century, and about the year 1710 were brought to this spot, but the room
+I have been describing was not built till ten or fifteen years
+afterwards. They were 42 in number, and are now in the possession of a
+Mr. Baker, of Hertingford-bury, where I lately saw them splendidly
+lodged, and in fine preservation. It may be proper to observe, that the
+house of Mr. Hoare was not the house of Mr. Tonson, and that Mr.
+Tonson's house stood nearer to the Kit-Cat club-rooms, having a few
+years since been taken down." A person died in this place, leaving in
+his will an annual sum, to be laid out in roses to be planted on his
+grave. The spot is distinguished by a stone tablet on the outside of the
+wall of the church, enclosed by pales, with some rose-trees planted on
+each side of it. This tablet is dedicated to the memory of Edward Rose,
+citizen of London, who died in 1653, and left £20. to the poor of
+Barnes, for the purchase of an acre of land, on condition that the pales
+should be kept up, and the rose-trees preserved.
+
+[Sidenote: Kit Cat Club house.]
+
+[Sidenote: As described by Sir Richard Phillips in 1817.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    18|Barnet-Chipping[A] m.t.|Herts    |St. Albans 10|Whetstone  2|
+    18|Barnet, East         pa|Herts    |Enfield     5|Highgate   6|
+    25|Barnet, Friern[B]    pa|Middlesex|Finchley    2|Barnet     3|
+    24|Barnetby-le-Wold     pa|Lincoln  |Glanford-Br 6|Caistor    7|
+    27|Barney               pa|Norfolk  |Fakenham    6|Walsingham 5|
+    36|Barnham             vil|Suffolk  |Thetford    3|Ixworth    7|
+    38|Barnham              pa|Sussex   |Arundel     5|Chichester 7|
+    27|Barnham-Broom        pa|Norfolk  |Wymondham   5|Norwich    9|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    |  Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-----+------+
+    18|Barnet-Chipping[A] m.t.|Hatfield              9|   11|  2369|
+    18|Barnet, East         pa|Barnet                3|   10|   547|
+    25|Barnet, Friern[B]    pa|Hornsey               4|    9|   543|
+    24|Barnetby-le-Wold     pa|Barton               10|  162|   532|
+    27|Barney               pa|Holt                  7|  115|   263|
+    36|Barnham             vil|Bury                 10|   81|   384|
+    38|Barnham              pa|Bognor                3|   60|   148|
+    27|Barnham-Broom        pa|Hingham               6|  105|   463|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BARNET. This small busy town occupies an elevated situation on the
+high north road; and near this place was fought, in the year 1471, the
+famous battle between the houses of York and Lancaster, which terminated
+in the death of the Earl of Warwick, and established King Edward the
+Fourth upon the throne. An obelisk was erected by Sir Jeremy Sambrook,
+in memory of the battle in the year 1740. In the church is an altar
+monument in commemoration of Thomas Ravensworth, Esquire, whose effigy,
+in a recumbent position, is represented on the tomb in veined marble. He
+died in 1630. Several others of his family are also buried here; and
+among these, James, his eldest son, who erected and endowed an
+alms-house, or hospital in Barnet, "for six poor ancient women, being
+widows or maidens, inhabitants of the town; and neither common beggars,
+common drunkards, back-biters, tale-bearers, common scolds, thieves or
+other like persons of infamous life, or evil name or repute; or
+vehemently suspected of sorcerie, witchcraft, or charming, or guilty of
+perjury: nor any ideot or lunatic are admitted." The annual value of the
+original endowment is now about £45.; besides which, the trustees have a
+further income of £30. annually, arising from other sources. Another
+alms-house for six poor widows, was built and endowed about the year
+1723, under the will of John Garrett, Gent., who bequeathed £800. for
+that purpose. Near the race ground, on Barnet Common, is a mineral
+spring, of a mild purgative nature, that was discovered about the middle
+of the 17th century, and was formerly in much repute. A few years ago a
+subscription was made for arching it over and erecting a pump. The town
+is at present governed by a presiding magistrate, a high constable and
+subordinate officers. The inhabitants of this township enjoy a very
+extensive common right over the adjoining wastes and chace. Between
+Barnet and South Mims, an extensive improvement has been effected in the
+road, which was a series of angular turnings and unnecessary hills, to
+an extent which renders it surprising how such glaring imperfections
+were suffered to exist, when a sufficiently direct line could be
+obtained.
+
+   _Market_, Monday. _Fairs_ April 8, 9, 10, linen drapery, mercery,
+   toys, &c. The harvest fair or Welsh fair, September 4, 5, Welsh
+   cattle and horses; Sept. 6, mercery, &c. and sometimes a few horses,
+   pigs, &c. The Leeds Mail arrives 9.11 evening, departs 7.48 evening.
+   The Glasgow mail arrives 9.20 evening; departs 4.18 morning. _Inns_,
+   Duke of Wellington, Green Man, and Red Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle between the houses of York and Lancaster.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mineral spring.]
+
+
+[B] BARNET, (Friern). John Walker, the author of a celebrated
+dictionary, was a native of this place, and was born in the year 1732.
+About the year 1767, he joined with a Mr. Usher in setting up a school
+at Kensington; this speculation not succeeding he removed to London,
+where he gave lectures on elocution. It is said that in his early youth
+he studied the art, intending to make the stage his profession, although
+his very questionable success induced him to adopt another pursuit. Mr.
+Walker was an amiable as well as a learned man; he was the author of
+several elementary works: such as "The Rhetorical Grammar," "Elements of
+Elocution," "Key to the correct pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and
+Scriptural names," and a "Rhyming Dictionary." He died at his house in
+Tottenham Court Road, August 1, 1807. This parish includes the hamlet of
+Colney Hatch, half of Whetstone, and a part of Finchley Common.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of Walker, author of the pronouncing dictionary.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------+
+     7|Barnhill          ham|Chester   |Chester     10|Tarporley  8|
+    36|Barningham         pa|Suffolk   |Ixworth      5|Botesdale  7|
+    44|Barningham    pa & to|N.R. York |Greta Bridge 2|Richmond  10|
+    27|Barningham, Little pa|Norfolk   |Aylsham      6|Holt       6|
+    27|Barningham         pa|Norfolk   |             8|           5|
+    27|Barningham Winter  pa|Norfolk   |             6|           7|
+    24|Barnoldby-le-Beck  pa|Lincoln   |Grimsby      6|Caistor    8|
+    45|Barnoldswick  pa & to|W.R. York |Colne        5|Skipton    6|
+     7|Barnsham           to|Chester   |Knutsford    6|Middlewich 7|
+    15|Barnsley           pa|Gloucester|Cirencester  4|Burford   13|
+    45|Barnsley[A] m.t. & to|W.R. York |York        39|Rotherham 13|
+    11|Barnstaple[B] bo.& mt|Devon     |Exeter      38|S. Molton 12|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+------+
+     7|Barnhill          ham|Malpas                  4|  172|      |
+    36|Barningham         pa|Thetford                9|   82|   514|
+    44|Barningham    pa & to|Barnard Cas.            5|  238|   550|
+    27|Barningham, Little pa|Cromer                  8|  119|   227|
+    27|Barningham         pa|                        5|  121|    42|
+    27|Barningham Winter  pa|                        8|  120|   114|
+    24|Barnoldby-le-Beck  pa|Louth                  16|  165|   232|
+    45|Barnoldswick  pa & to|Clitheroe              10|  223|  2724|
+     7|Barnsham           to|Congleton               8|  170|      |
+    15|Barnsley           pa|Fairford                6|   86|   318|
+    45|Barnsley[A] m.t. & to|Hudderfield            17|  172| 10330|
+    11|Barnstaple[B] bo.& mt|Ilfracomb              10|  193|  6840|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BARNSLEY. This large market town is built chiefly of stone, but
+being surrounded by coal pits and iron works, the smoke from which
+obscures the air, it is generally known by the name of Black Barnsley.
+The black glass bottles made here are of excellent quality, and the
+manufacture of linen is carried on to a great extent. Here also is made
+the best wire in the kingdom for needles. The town is seated on the side
+of a hill; the trade and population have considerably increased since
+the completion of the navigable canal, by means of which communications
+are opened with Wakefield, and all parts of the kingdom. The land in the
+vicinity of this town is highly distinguished for its fertility; the
+manor is possessed by the Duke of Leeds.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday before Feb. 28, horned
+   cattle and swine; May 12, ditto; October 10, ditto, horses, and
+   cheese.--_Mail_ arrives 2.55 afternoon; departs 11.31
+   night.--_Bankers_, Becket and Co., draw on Glyn and Co.--_Inns_,
+   King's Head, and White Bear.
+
+[Sidenote: The trade.]
+
+
+[B] BARNSTAPLE is said to derive its name from Bar, which in the ancient
+British signified the mouth of a river; and the Saxon word Staple, a
+mart. It is situated in the hundred of Braunton, and returns two members
+to parliament. The town appears to have been incorporated by Henry I.,
+yet it retains some traces of feudal jurisdiction; a number of common
+burgesses claiming a right to vote with the corporate officers for
+members of parliament. The £10. householders are about 607; the
+returning officer is the mayor, who with two bailiffs, two aldermen,
+twenty-two common councilmen, and other officers form the corporation.
+Barnstaple is one of the neatest and most respectable towns in the
+county; it lies on the eastern bank of the river Taw, in a broad and
+fertile vale, bounded by a semi-circular range of hills. The Taw here
+spreads to a considerable breadth, but from the great accumulation of
+sand, the port is shallow, and vessels of more than 200 tons are not
+able to enter. Over the river is a bridge of sixteen arches, which is
+said to have been built by one of the Tracys, at the time that family
+were lords of the manor. The streets are spacious and regular, and the
+buildings generally good. The town, indeed, boasts some of the marks of
+a metropolis; there are balls every fortnight, and a regular theatre,
+and nothing but a good pavement is wanted to make it highly agreeable. A
+noble quay extends some way along the river, terminated by a handsome
+piazza, over the centre of which stands the statue of Queen Anne, with
+an inscription, testifying to the loyalty of Robert Rolle, of
+Stevenstone, in this county, the erector. The woollen trade formerly
+carried on here with considerable spirit, greatly increased the wealth
+of the town, and enabled its inhabitants to erect a number of very
+respectable houses: this trade has of late failed, but the manufacture
+of baize, silk stockings and waistcoat pieces, still gives life to the
+place. Besides this source of wealth and population, the beauty of the
+surrounding country, and the cheapness of provisions, have induced many
+respectable families to reside here entirely; a circumstance which
+renders Barnstaple the most genteel town in the north of Devon. Here is
+a celebrated Grammar School, which has been founded about three
+centuries, and is famous for having educated a number of distinguished
+men; among whom were John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury: his Theological
+antagonist, Thomas Harding, Professor at Louvain: the poet Gay, and the
+learned Dr. Musgrave. Bishop Jewel was a learned divine, who lived in
+the reigns of the last sovereigns of the house of Tudor, and was born
+near Ilfracombe, in 1522. Having acquired the rudiments of his learning
+in this school, he was removed to Merton College, Oxford. He was a most
+zealous and able champion of the Christian faith; and was indefatigable
+in the pursuit of knowledge, even at the expense of his health, which
+was materially injured by the closeness of his application. About the
+year 1551, he obtained the rectory of Sunningwell, in Berkshire, where
+he was much beloved for his zeal and assiduity as a parish priest. When
+Queen Mary succeeded her brother Edward, Jewel was deprived of an office
+he held in the university; and, notwithstanding he subscribed to a
+confession of faith drawn up by the Catholics, yet suspicions were
+entertained of his sincerity, and fearing he should be prosecuted as an
+heretic, he withdrew from Oxford, and made his escape to the continent.
+On the death of Queen Mary, Jewel returned to England, and was received
+very favorably by Queen Elizabeth, who raised him to the bishoprick of
+Salisbury, in the year 1560. From this time until the day of his death,
+he was principally engaged in his pastoral duties, and in the defence
+and support of the Protestant faith. He died September 1571. The
+admirable moralist and poet, Gay, was also educated in this school; he
+was the composer of "The Beggar's Opera," the notion of which appears to
+have been afforded by Swift. The purpose of this singular performance,
+was to bring into ridicule the Italian Opera, and it is not easy to
+define the mixture of pathos and ridicule which distinguishes this
+remarkable production. His celebrated "Fables," written for the
+instruction of the Duke of Cumberland, have been the means of
+unqualified delight to millions. His first poem, entitled "Rural
+Sports," and dedicated to Mr. Pope, gained him the friendship of that
+poet. The year following he was appointed Secretary to the Duchess of
+Monmouth: at this time he printed his "Trivia," in the composition of
+which he was assisted by Swift. He died of an inflammation of the
+bowels, in 1732, (sincerely lamented by all who knew him,) and was
+buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument exhibits an epitaph by
+Pope, which is written with tasteful tenderness.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, September 19; Friday before April 21;
+   second Friday in December, for cattle. These are considerable fairs,
+   but are called great markets, as there is no charter to hold fairs on
+   those days.--_Mail_ arrives 7.0 morning; departs 5.0
+   afternoon.--_Bankers_, Pyke, Law and Co.; draw on Barclay and Co.;
+   Drake and Co. draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Fortescue Arms; Golden
+   Lion; Kings Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Incorporated by Henry I.]
+
+[Sidenote: Amusements, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent men educated here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gay, the Poet, born here.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.   | County.| Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+     7|Barnston             to|Chester |Park Gate 4|Liverpool 5|
+    14|Barnston             pa|Essex   | Dunmow   2|Braintree 8|
+     7|Barnton              to|Chester |Northwich 2|Knutsford 8|
+    28|Barnwell-All-Sts.[A] pa|Northamp|Oundle    3|Thrapston 5|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------+------+-----+-----+
+     7|Barnston             to|Chester           14|  198|  112|
+    14|Barnston             pa|Chelmsford        10|   38|  215|
+     7|Barnton              to|Warrington         9|  175|  730|
+    28|Barnwell-All-Sts.[A] pa|Stamford          18|   78|  126|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BARNWELL derives its name from some wells, which in the age of
+superstition, were widely famed for the miraculous cures they performed
+in diseases of children. Sacred veneration was at length paid them, and
+pilgrims from distant parts resorted hither to adore the spirit which
+infused such wonderful virtues into the waters. A castle was erected
+here in the reign of Henry I., by Reginald le Moine, and became
+afterwards the baronial residence of the family of the Montagues. The
+remains of this once magnificent structure consist of four circular
+massy bastion towers, each forming an angle of a quadrangular court,
+inclosed by walls three feet thick; the grand gateway on the south side
+is flanked by similar towers. The whole forms a fine and curious ruin,
+and is a rare specimen of the early Norman castellated form of
+building.
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    |  County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    28|Barnwell, St. And    pa|Northamp  |Oundle     2|Thrapston   6|
+    15|Barnwood             pa|Gloucester|Gloucester 2|Cheltenham  8|
+    35|Barr, Great[A]       pa|Stafford  |Walsall    4|Wednesbury  4|
+    35|Barr, Perry         ham|Stafford  |           5|Birmingham  5|
+    29|Barrasford           to|Northumb. |Hexham     7|Bellingham 10|
+     6|Barrington           pa|Cambridge |Cambridge  6|Caxton      8|
+    34|Barrington           pa|Somerset  |Ilminster  4|Ilchester  10|
+     4|Barrington, Great[B] pa|Berks&Glos|Burford    4|Northleach  7|
+    15|Barrington, Little   pa|Gloucester|Burford    4|Stow        8|
+    10|Barrow               pa|Derby     |Derby      6|Kegworth   12|
+    15|Barrow               to|Gloucester|Cheltenham 4|Tewkesbury  5|
+    29|Barrow               to|Northumb. |Allenton   5|Wooler     16|
+    32|Barrow             chap|Rutland   |Oakham     5|Stamford   12|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
+    28|Barnwell, St. And    pa|Stamford            17|    79|    284|
+    15|Barnwood             pa|Painswick            6|   104|    419|
+    35|Barr, Great[A]       pa|Birmingham           5|   114|    779|
+    35|Barr, Perry         ham|Sutton               3|   114|    777|
+    29|Barrasford           to|Corbridge            9|   284|    232|
+     6|Barrington           pa|Royston              8|    46|    485|
+    34|Barrington           pa|Crewkherne           8|   134|    468|
+     4|Barrington, Great[B] pa|Stow                 8|    76|    532|
+    15|Barrington, Little   pa|Northleach           7|    76|    162|
+    10|Barrow               pa|Burton              10|   125|    584|
+    15|Barrow               to|Gloucester           7|    98|    238|
+    29|Barrow               to|Bellingham          18|   314|     14|
+    32|Barrow             chap|Cottesmore           2|   101|    144|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] GREAT BARR is an agreeable village, which has long been the property
+of the Scott family, who have here one of the finest mansions in the
+county. This seat stands in a beautiful valley, affording the most
+delightful prospects of hill and dale, varied by wood and water. Shady
+walks and rustic seats furnish the most attractive conveniences for the
+promenade. One object in particular fixes the attention; it is an urn
+near the flower garden, to the memory of Miss Mary Dolman, the cousin of
+Shenstone, whose elegant pen supplied a beautiful tribute in Latin. The
+summit of Barr Beacon, which is 653 feet in height, was the spot from
+whence the Druids gave notice, by watch-fires, of their periodical
+sacrifices; and it was used both by the Saxons and the Danes, as a
+beacon to alarm the country in times of danger. The chapel of the
+village is of remarkable beauty; its eastern window contains a painting
+on glass by Mr. Eginton, who has improved upon the design of the Rev.
+Mr. Peter's "Spirit of a Child."
+
+[Sidenote: Barr Beacon, 653 feet high.]
+
+
+[B] GREAT BARRINGTON is a parish containing about 1000 acres, including
+some portion of Oxfordshire within its limits, as well as a small tract
+belonging to Berkshire. Previous to the conquest, the manor was held by
+Earl Harold; the present owner is Lord Dynevor, Lord Lieut. and Cust.
+Rot. of Carmarthen. Barrington church appears to have been erected about
+the time of Henry VII. Beneath one of the windows of the aisle are the
+monument and effigies of Captain Edward Bray, grandfather of Sir Giles
+Bray, lord of the manor, who is represented in armour, with a ruff round
+his neck and a sword girt on the "right" side. This peculiarity
+originated from the captain having killed a man at Tilbury camp; and, in
+token of his sorrow, he determined never more to use his right hand.
+Lord Chancellor Talbot was buried in this church; he was the son of
+William Talbot, Bishop of Durham, and was born in the year 1684. After
+being elected a fellow of All Soul's College, Oxford, he married, and
+consequently was compelled to give up his fellowship. When he left the
+university, he was admitted a member of the society of Lincoln's Inn,
+and was speedily called to the bar. He was chosen to represent the now
+disfranchised borough of Tregony, in Cornwall, and afterwards was made
+member for the city of Durham. He died in the enjoyment of the highest
+character, after a short illness, on the 14th of February, 1737. Few
+Chancellors have been more lamented, both in public and private life.
+Lord Talbot acquired universal esteem. The Hall was built by him in the
+year 1734, soon after which it was destroyed by fire. The grounds
+furnish a good specimen of the "ferme ornee," (ornamental farm) and the
+park, about three miles in circumference, is well planted with a variety
+of beautiful trees.
+
+[Sidenote: Capt. Edward Bray.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | County. |   Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+    33|Barrow                 pa|Salop    |M. Wenlock   4|Bridgenorth 6|
+    36|Barrow                 pa|Suffolk  |Bury         6|Newmarket   9|
+    34|Barrow-Gourney         pa|Somerset |Bristol      5|Axbridge   12|
+     7|Barrow, Great     pa & to|Chester  |Chester      6|Northwich  13|
+    24|Barrow-on-Humber       pa|Lincoln  |Barton       3|Grimsby    17|
+    34|Barrow, North          pa|Somerset |Castle Carey 3|Ilchester   8|
+    34|Barrow, South          pa|Somerset |...          4|...         7|
+    23|Barrow-on-Soar[A] pa & to|Leicester|Mount Sorrel 2|Loughboro'  3|
+    24|Barrowby               pa|Lincoln  |Grantham     2|Newark     12|
+    32|Barrowden              pa|Rutland  |Uppingham    6|Stamford    8|
+    22|Barrowford             to|Lancaster|Colne        2|Clitheroe   5|
+    54|Barry                  pa|Glamorgan|Cardiff      9|Cowbridge   7|
+    54|Barry Isle[B]        Isle|Glamorgan|...          9|...         8|
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    33|Barrow                 pa|Broseley               2|  146|    351|
+    36|Barrow                 pa|Mildenhall             9|   69|    856|
+    34|Barrow-Gourney         pa|Pensford               7|  120|    279|
+     7|Barrow, Great     pa & to|Tarporley              5|  183|    436|
+    24|Barrow-on-Humber       pa|Brigg                 11|  167|   1334|
+    34|Barrow, North          pa|Wincanton              8|  116|    150|
+    34|Barrow, South          pa|  ...                  9|  117|    139|
+    23|Barrow-on-Soar[A] pa & to|Leicester              9|  107|   6254|
+    24|Barrowby               pa|Colterswor            10|  112|    687|
+    32|Barrowden              pa|Oakham                 8|   92|    485|
+    22|Barrowford             to|Burnley                6|  216|   2633|
+    54|Barry                  pa|Llandaff               9|  169|     72|
+    54|Barry Isle[B]        Isle|  ...                  9|  169|    ...|
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+
+[A] BARROW. This large and pleasant village appears to have taken its
+name from an ancient tumulus. It is occupied principally by gentlemen
+farmers, many of whom, however, derive great profit from the quantities
+of lime which they get up and burn. This village having been for many
+centuries celebrated for a hard blue stone, similar to that in the vale
+of Belvoir, and when calcined, produces a very fine matter, from which
+is prepared a particularly hard, firm, and greatly esteemed cement.
+Various fossil remains are found amongst the limestone. One of the
+petrifactions, still preserved at Cambridge, with Dr. Woodward's
+fossils, is a plain and bold representation of a flat-fish, about twelve
+inches long. Mr. Jones, in his "Philosophical Disquisitions," notices it
+by saying, that "our country hath lately afforded what I apprehend to be
+the greatest curiosity of the sort that ever appeared. It is the entire
+figure of a bream, more than a foot in length, and of a proportionable
+depth, with the scales, fins, and gills, fairly projecting from the
+surface, like a sculpture in relievo, and with all the lineaments, even
+to the most minute fibres of the tail, so complete, that the like was
+never seen before." Dr. William Beveridge, one of the most learned
+prelates of the English church, was born here in the year 1638. At St.
+John's College, Cambridge, he applied himself with intense application
+to the study of oriental literature. He reviewed the Hebrew, Chaldee,
+Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues, and produced a Syriac grammar. He
+was raised to the see of St. Asaph, in the year 1704, but he enjoyed his
+new dignity for a short period,--his death took place in the year 1708.
+In his divinity he was Calvinistic; from the simplicity and piety of his
+character, he was beloved by all parties. He lies buried in St. Paul's
+Cathedral.
+
+[Sidenote: Superior lime quarries.]
+
+[Sidenote: The pious Beveridge born here.]
+
+
+[B] BARRY ISLAND, the name of which has been thought to have been
+derived from St. Baroche, a hermit, who, according to Cressy, died here
+in the year 700. This island, which lets for about £80. a year, is
+estimated to contain about 300 acres. In Leland's time there was, in the
+middle of it, a "fair little chapel used," but there was no dwelling.
+Since that period, however, a house has been erected for the residence
+of a farmer, which, in the summer, is converted into a boarding-house,
+for the reception of sea-bathers. The family of Giraldus de Barri, are
+said to have taken their title from this island, of which they were once
+lords. "It is remarkable," observes Giraldus, "that in a rock near the
+entrance of the island, there is a small cavity, to which, if the ear is
+applied, a noise is heard like that of smiths at work--the blowing of
+bellows, strokes of hammers, grinding of tools, and roaring of furnaces;
+and it might easily have been imagined, that such noises which are
+continued at the ebb and flow of the tides, were occasioned by the
+influx of the sea under the cavities of the rocks." Sir Richard Hoare,
+in his additions to Giraldus, observes as follows:--"Towards the
+southern part of the island, on a spot called Nell's Point, is a fine
+well, to which great numbers of women resort on Holy Thursday, and,
+having washed their eyes at the spring, each drops a pin into it. The
+landlord of the boarding-house told me, that on clearing out the well he
+took out a pint full of these votive offerings." On the main land,
+opposite the western extremity of the island, lies the village of Barry,
+near which are some remains of the castle. A few miles north-westward
+from Barry are the remains of Penmark castle, anciently the property of
+Sir Gilbert Humphreville, one of the followers of Fitzhamon. Llancarvan,
+in this vicinity, was once the seat of a religious house, said to have
+been founded by Cadoc the Wise, in the 6th century. Llancarvan is also
+distinguished as the birth-place of Caradoc, the Welsh annalist, who
+compiled a history of the Principality, from the abdication of
+Cadwaladyr, 686, to his own time. Tref Walter, or Walterston, in this
+parish, was the residence of Walter de Mapes, a writer of some note
+towards the middle of the 12th century. He was Archdeacon of Oxford, and
+Chaplain to Henry I. He built the church of Llancarvan, a large
+substantial edifice, and the village of Walterston, with a mansion for
+himself. His literary labours comprise a translation of the British
+Chronicle into Latin, and a Welsh version of Geoffrey of Monmouth's
+fabulous paraphrase of the same work. He wrote also a Treatise on
+Agriculture in the Welsh language.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable noises heard here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious custom.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County. | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    36|Barsham            pa|Suffolk  |Beccles     3|Bungay      5|
+    27|Barsham, (East)    pa|Norfolk  |Fakenham    3|Walsingham  3|
+    27|Barsham, (North)   pa|Norfolk  |Walsingham  2|Wells       6|
+    27|Barsham, (West)    pa|Norfolk  |Fakenham    3|Walsingham  3|
+    39|Barston            pa|Warwick  |Warwick    12|Coventry    9|
+    17|Bartestree       chap|Hereford |Hereford    5|Bromyard   14|
+     7|Bartherton         to|Chester  |Nantwich    2|Whitchurch 10|
+    21|Bartholomew      lib.|Kent     |Canterbury 13|Deal        7|
+     7|Barthomley[A] pa & to|Chester  |Sandbach    7|Newcastle   7|
+     7|Bartington         to|Chester  |Northwick   4|Warrington  8|
+     6|Bartlow[B]         pa|Cambridge|Linton      2|Haverhill   6|
+    14|Bartlow End       ham|Essex    |            3|            6|
+     4|Barton            ham|Berks    |Oxford      6|E. Illsley  9|
+     6|Barton             pa|Cambridge|Cambridge   4|Caxton      8|
+     7|Barton             to|Chester  |Chester    10|Malpas      7|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    36|Barsham            pa|Halesworth            9|  109|    182|
+    27|Barsham, (East)    pa|Burnham M.           10|  102|    219|
+    27|Barsham, (North)   pa|Fakenham              4|  113|     84|
+    27|Barsham, (West)    pa|Creek                 4|  112|    101|
+    39|Barston            pa|Birmingham           13|  100|    342|
+    17|Bartestree       chap|Ledbury              12|  132|     50|
+     7|Bartherton         to|Audlem                4|  163|     34|
+    21|Bartholomew      lib.|Ramsgate              6|   68|     61|
+     7|Barthomley[A] pa & to|Nantwich             11|  157|    449|
+     7|Bartington         to|Knutsford             7|  177|     76|
+     6|Bartlow[B]         pa|Saff. Walden          6|   48|    106|
+    14|Bartlow End       ham|                      5|   47|    205|
+     4|Barton            ham|Dorchester            7|   56|     14|
+     6|Barton             pa|Royston              12|   49|    273|
+     7|Barton             to|Tarporley            12|  175|    168|
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTHOMLEY contains several townships. The nave of the church has a
+richly carved wooden roof, dated 1589. On the 22d of December, 1643, a
+troop of Lord Byron's passing through the village, made an attack upon
+this venerable edifice, into which several of the inhabitants had gone
+for safety; they soon got possession of it, and having set fire to the
+forms, rushes, and mats, made such a smoke that the men who had
+retreated into the steeple were obliged to call for quarter, but their
+assailants having got them into their power, are said to have stripped
+them all, and most cruelly murdered twelve of them in cold blood, three
+only being suffered to escape. A free school was founded here, in the
+year 1676, by the Rev. Mr. Steele, in which ten children are educated.
+In the year 1787, Mrs. Mary, Mrs. Margaret, and Mrs. Judith Alsager,
+ladies of the manor, obtained an Act of Parliament to enable them to
+finish a new church, or chapel, to be called Christ's Church, or Chapel,
+in that township. The same ladies built a school-house, and founded a
+school there, for the education of children of both sexes.
+
+[Sidenote: Cruel murder.]
+
+
+[B] BARTLOW. Near this place, are four contiguous barrows, known by the
+name of Bartlow Hills, from their situation with respect to Bartlow
+Church. These are vulgarly, though erroneously, regarded as the tumuli
+raised over the slain in the battle fought between Edmund Ironside and
+the Danish King, Canute, in the year 1016. It is evident, indeed, from
+our account of Ashington, at page 50, that the place of action should be
+sought for, rather in the vicinity of the sea than at the northern
+extremity of the county. Camden states, that these stone coffins, with
+broken human bones in them, were found in one of these barrows; and
+Hollingshead affirms, that two bodies were found in one stone coffin.
+Mr. Gough remarks, that we do not find the use of stone coffins amongst
+the northern nations in their Pagan state; and the Danes were not
+converted until long after the time of Canute. The origin of these
+barrows, therefore, cannot now be traced.
+
+   Map|Names of Places.            |County.   |Number of Miles from       |
+   +--+----------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    17|Barton                    to|Hereford  |Kington     1|Presteign   5|
+    30|Barton                    pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  6|Rempstone   7|
+    40|Barton, (High),[A]   pa & to|Westmorlnd|Appleby     3|Orton       6|
+    23|Barton                   ham|Leicester |M. Bosworth 2|Leicester  14|
+    27|Barton Bendish            pa|Norfolk   |Stoke Ferry 4|Swaffham    8|
+    10|Barton-le-Blount          pa|Derby     |Derby      10|Ashborne    9|
+     3|Barton in the Clay        pa|Bedford   |Silsoe      3|Luton       7|
+    44|Barton, St. Cuthbert pa & to|N.R. York |Darlington  5|Richmond    7|
+    34|Barton, St. David's,      pa|Somerset  |Somerton    4|Glastonbury 7|
+    36|Barton, (Great)           pa|Suffolk   |Bury        3|Ixworth     4|
+     5|Barton Hartshorne         pa|Buckingham|Buckingham  4|Bicester    8|
+    39|Barton on the heath[B]    pa|Warwick   |Shipston    6|L. Compton  2|
+   +--+----------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                            |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|Names of Places.            |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+----------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    17|Barton                    to|Hereford              21|  156|    ...|
+    30|Barton                    pa|Derby                 13|  121|    379|
+    40|Barton, (High),[A]   pa & to|Brough                11|  272|   1537|
+    23|Barton                   ham|Ashby                 10|  108|    163|
+    27|Barton Bendish            pa|Downham                8|   92|    459|
+    10|Barton-le-Blount          pa|Uttoxeter              8|  136|     60|
+     3|Barton in the Clay        pa|Ampthill               4|   38|    720|
+    44|Barton, St. Cuthbert pa & to|Barnard Cas           14|  238|    499|
+    34|Barton, St. David's       pa|Castle Cary            7|  120|    410|
+    36|Barton, (Great)           pa|Thetford              13|   74|    702|
+     5|Barton Hartshorne         pa|Brackley               6|   59|    145|
+    39|Barton on the heath[B]    pa|Chip. Norton           7|   79|    208|
+   +--+----------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTON. Stockbridge Hall, an ancient edifice, was the seat of the
+Lancasters, whose arms are yet seen on the ceiling of the dining-room,
+and who continued here through twelve generations, when their estates
+fell to the Lowthers. The church, which is a low and extensive building,
+with a heavy tower between the chancel and the nave, contains the tomb
+of one of the Lancasters; some escutcheons of several families in the
+neighbourhood, and a brass plate, on which is this remarkable epitaph:--
+
+   "Under this stone, reader, interred doth lie,
+   Beauty and virtue's true epitomy.
+   At her appearance the noone sun
+   Blushed and shrunk in, 'cause quite undone.
+   In her concentered did all graces dwell;
+   God plucked my rose that he might take a smell.
+   I'll say no more, but weeping, wish I may,
+   Soone with thy dear chaste ashes come to lay."
+
+The lady thus extravagantly eulogised, was Frances, the wife of
+Launcelot Dawes; she died in 1673. Barton school was founded in 1641, by
+four priests, natives of this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable epitaph.]
+
+
+[B] BARTON. Near this village is a large stone, called Four-shire stone,
+from its forming the point of junction of the four counties of
+Gloucester, Worcester, Warwick, and Oxford. Here once resided an
+attorney of so pacific a disposition that he usually acted as mediator
+when disputes arose. This anomalous person, named Dover, instituted the
+annual festivities termed Cotswold Games, and was for forty years their
+chief supporter. These diversions were celebrated upon the Cotswold
+Hills, in Gloucestershire, and prodigious multitudes are said to have
+resorted to them. They consisted of wrestling, cudgel-playing, leaping,
+pitching the bar, throwing the sledge, tossing the pike, with various
+other feats of strength and activity. A castle of boards was erected on
+this occasion, from which guns were frequently discharged. Dover
+received permission from James I. to hold these sports, and he appeared
+at their celebration in the very clothes which that monarch had formerly
+worn; but it is said there was much more dignity in his form and aspect.
+John Heywood, the epigramatist, speaking of these games, says--
+
+   "He fometh like a bore, the beaste should seem bold,
+   For he is as fierce as a lyon of Cotsolde."
+
+[Sidenote: Cotswold games.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | County.   |     Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+------------------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+
+    24|Barton[A]           m.t.|Lincoln    |Hull          7|Brigg      11|
+    22|Barton on Irwell      to|Lancaster  |Manchester    6|Newton     14|
+    36|Barton, Little        pa|Suffolk    |Mildenhall    1|Newmarket   9|
+    44|Barton, St. Mary,   chap|N.R. York  |Darlington    5|Richmond    7|
+    35|Barton              chap|Stafford   |Burton on Tr. 5|Lichfield   9|
+    28|Barton Segrave        pa|Northamp.  |Kettering     2|Thrapston   8|
+    16|Barton Stacey         pa|Hants.     |Whitchurch    6|Andover     6|
+    31|Barton Steeple[B]     pa|Oxford     |Deddington    5|Woodstock   7|
+    15|Barton Street        ham|Gloucester |Gloucester    1|Cheltenham  9|
+    43|Barton in Street      pa|N.R. York  |New Malton    5|Pickering   5|
+    27|Barton Turf           pa|Norfolk    |Coltishall    5|Worstead    4|
+    31|Barton Westcott       pa|Oxford     |Enstone       4|Woodstock   7|
+    43|Barton in the Willows, t|N.R. York  |York         10|New Malton  8|
+    45|Barugh                to|W.R. York  |Barnsley      3|Wakefield   9|
+    43|Barugh, Gt. & Little  pa|N.R. York  |Pickering     3|New Malton  5|
+    23|Barwell               pa|Leicester  |Hinckley      2|M. Bosworth 7|
+    14|Barwick               pa|Essex      |Chipp. Ongar  6|Dunmow      8|
+    34|Barwick               pa|Somerset   |Yeovil        2|Sherborne   6|
+    41|Barwick Basset        pa|Wilts      |Calne         7|Swindon     8|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From      |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+------------------------+---------------------------+-----+-------+
+    24|Barton[A]           m.t.|Lincoln                  34|  167|   3231|
+    22|Barton on Irwell      to|Warrington               14|  185|   8976|
+    36|Barton, Little        pa|Bury                     12|   70|    591|
+    44|Barton, St. Mary,   chap|Barnard Cas.             14|  238|    ...|
+    35|Barton              chap|Abbotts Brom              8|  130|   1344|
+    28|Barton Segrave        pa|Wellingboro               8|   75|    203|
+    16|Barton Stacey         pa|Winchester                9|   62|    626|
+    31|Barton Steeple[B]     pa|Charlbury                 9|   63|    606|
+    15|Barton Street        ham||Ross                    17|  103|    786|
+    43|Barton in Street      pa|Helmsley                 10|  222|    436|
+    27|Barton Turf           pa|Norwich                  13|  121|    391|
+    31|Barton Westcott       pa|Deddington                5|   64|    258|
+    43|Barton in the Willows, t|Sutton                   10|  206|    202|
+    45|Barugh                to|Huddersfield             14|  175|    946|
+    43|Barugh, Gt. & Little  pa|Scarborough              18|  223|    294|
+    23|Barwell               pa|Leicester                11|  101|   1505|
+    14|Barwick               pa|Chelmsford               10|   27|     97|
+    34|Barwick               pa|Crewkherne                8|  123|    415|
+    41|Barwick Basset        pa|Marlborough               8|   83|    164|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------+---------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTON. This ancient town is pleasantly situated about
+three-quarters of a mile from the southern bank of the Humber. It was
+formerly surrounded by a rampart and fossee, the remains of which are
+still discernable. It was doubtless a place of great strength before the
+conquest, and served as a barrier against the irruptions of the Saxons
+and Danes. At the period of the conquest it was a principal port of the
+Humber, and until the rise of Kingston-upon-Hull it enjoyed an extensive
+commerce. At present its derives its principal consequence from being
+the point whence the communication with the Lincoln road is continued
+across the Humber to Hull, a distance of about six miles and a half.
+
+   _Market_, Monday.--_Fair_, Trinity Thursday, for cattle.--_Mail_
+   arrives 3.0 afternoon; departs 11.15 morning--_Inn_, The Waterside
+   Inn.
+
+[Sidenote: Once a place of importance.]
+
+
+[B] STEEPLE BARTON. In this parish is situated Rowsham, which was, for
+several centuries, the seat of the Dormers, and it continued in their
+possession until the decease of General Dormer, in the year 1750. That
+gentleman bequeathed the mansion and estates to his cousin, Sir Clement
+Cottrell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies to George II., who annexed
+the name of Dormer to his own, and in whose family the property has
+since remained. The situation is extremely fine, and the grounds, which
+were laid out by Kent, during the life-time of General Dormer, afford a
+variety of picturesque and pleasant views. The mansion was built in the
+reign of Queen Elizabeth, but a few alterations were made at subsequent
+periods. The walls are embattled, and the doors are singularly enough
+perforated with holes (with slides to cover) so as to admit muskets
+being pointed through them. There is a large hall, and valuable library,
+containing many old and rare authors. A very excellent collection of
+paintings, (about 180 in number), and of busts and other figures in
+bronze, (amounting to fifty-five), has also been formed here. Horace
+Walpole, in one of his eloquent letters to George Montague, has thus
+spoken of this place:--"But the greatest pleasure we had, was in seeing
+Sir Charles Cotterell's, at Rowsham: it reinstated Kent with me; he has
+no where shewn so much taste. The house is old, and was bad; he has
+improved it--stuck as close as he could to gothic; has made a delightful
+library, and the whole is comfortable. The garden is Daphne in little,
+the sweetest little groves, streams, glades, porticoes, cascades, and
+rivers imaginable: all the scenes are perfectly classic. Well, if I had
+such a house, such a library, so pretty a place, and so pretty a wife, I
+think I should let King George send to Herenhausen for a Master of the
+Ceremonies." The pleasure-grounds are beautifully shaded by flourishing
+and noble beech trees; they are also ornamented by several stone
+statues, which all throw up water, except a very fine one of the dying
+gladiator, and a group of the lion tearing the horse, by Sheemacher.
+
+[Sidenote: Rowsham House.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.  | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    27|Barwick             pa|Norfolk   |Burnham     4|Wells     11|
+    45|Barwick        pa & to|W.R. York |Wetherby    7|Tadcaster  7|
+    33|Baschurch           pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury  8|Oswestry  10|
+     7|Basford             to|Chester   |Nantwich    5|Sandbach   8|
+    30|Basford[A]          pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  3|Mansfield 12|
+    35|Basford[B]          to|Stafford  |Leek        3|Longnor    7|
+    45|Bashall             to|W.R. York |Clitheroe   5|Lancaster 16|
+     4|Basilden            pa|Berks     |Reading     8|Streatley  2|
+    14|Basildon          chap|Essex     |Billericay  4|Gravesend 12|
+    16|Basing, Old[C] to & ch|Hants     |Basingstoke 2|Odiham     5|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+    27|Barwick             pa|Fakenham              11|  117|     35|
+    45|Barwick        pa & to|Abberford              2|  188|   1922|
+    33|Baschurch           pa|Ellesmere              9|  161|   1321|
+     7|Basford             to|Woore                  7|  160|     85|
+    30|Basford[A]          pa|Arnold                 3|  127|   6325|
+    35|Basford[B]          to|Cheadle                7|  151|    300|
+    45|Bashall             to|Blackburn             10|  222|    310|
+     4|Basilden            pa|Wallingford            8|   47|    780|
+    14|Basildon          chap|Rochford              12|   27|    124|
+    16|Basing, Old[C] to & ch|Alton                 12|   44|   1113|
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BASFORD lies in a bottom, approached from the race-ground. The
+scenery around it is rich in the extreme. This village has greatly
+increased of late, from various manufactures, and the improvements
+consequent upon them. Here are corn and cotton-mills, and the bleaching
+and dying branches of business are carried on with considerable success.
+The church has a very handsome spire, with a nave and side aisles in
+very good order, but there are no ancient inscriptions. The importance
+of this place has also been kept up, by its being the seat of the Court
+of the Honour of Peverel, since it was removed from Nottingham. It sits
+twice in the year, to try causes as high as £50. A jail for the court is
+situated here, which Howard describes as having, at the time of his
+writing, merely one room, with three beds; but the keepers told him he
+had another little room for women prisoners, of whom there being none in
+his custody, he applied the apartment to domestic uses. A bowling-green,
+close by the jail, is much frequented by the inhabitants of Nottingham.
+At Mapperley, a hamlet in this parish, is a handsome seat of Ichabod
+Wright, Esq., a banker of Nottingham.
+
+[Sidenote: The trade.]
+
+
+[B] BASFORD. Here was born, in 1630, the celebrated Charles Cotton, a
+burlesque poet of the seventeenth century. He received his education at
+Cambridge, and afterwards travelled through France. On his return to
+England he resided with his father at Basford, in the neighbourhood of
+the Peak. His first production was, a poetical essay on the gallant Earl
+of Derby. In 1656, he married a daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, a
+Nottinghamshire Knight. Two years after this his father died; he then
+succeeded him in the family estate, which was encumbered with mortgages:
+being of an improvident disposition, he was subject to constant
+embarrassments, and was even confined for some months in a prison for
+debt. After the death of his first wife, he married the Countess Dowager
+of Ardglass. He died at Westminster in 1687. Some of his poems, of
+considerable merit, were published after his death.
+
+[Sidenote: Charles Cotton.]
+
+
+[C] BASING, or OLD BASING, though a small village, is of some
+importance, as the scene of a desperate and bloody battle between the
+Danes and the Saxons, in 871, commanded by King Ethelred and his brother
+Alfred, when the latter were defeated. It was, however, rendered more
+famous by the gallant stand made against the parliamentary forces in the
+reign of Charles I., by John Poulet, Marquis of Winchester, a lineal
+descendant of Hugh de Port, who, at the time of the Domesday Survey,
+held 55 lordships in this county. This small village was the principal
+of these extensive possessions, and appears to have been the very site
+of a castle, as mention of the land of the old castle of Basing is made
+in a grant allowed by John de Port, to the neighbouring priory at Monks
+Sherborne, in the reign of Henry II. His grandson, William, assumed the
+surname of St. John; and Robert, Lord St. John, in the 43d of Henry
+III., obtained a license to fix a pole upon the bann of his moat, at
+Basing, with permission to continue it so fortified during the pleasure
+of the King. In the reign of Richard II., Basing was transferred by
+marriage to the Poynings; and again, in the time of Henry VI., to the
+Paulets, by the alliance of Constance with Sir John Paulet, of Nunny
+Castle, in Somersetshire. Sir William Paulet, Knt., third in descent
+from this couple, created Baron St. John, of Basing, by Henry VIII.; and
+Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquis of Winchester, by Edward VI., was a very
+accomplished and polite nobleman, greatly in favour at court during most
+of the successive changes that occurred in the reigns of Henry VIII.,
+Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. He held the office of
+treasurer nearly 30 years, sustaining himself by the courtly maxim, of
+"being a willow, and not an oak." He rebuilt Basing Castle, in a
+magnificent, and even in a princely style; indeed, so much so, that
+Camden, in allusion to the immense expense of living entailed on his
+family by its splendour, observes that, "it was so overpowered by its
+own weight, that his posterity has been forced to pull down a part of
+it." Here, in 1560, he entertained Queen Elizabeth with "all good
+cheer," and so much to her satisfaction, that she playfully lamented his
+great age; "for by my troth," said she, "if my Lord Treasurer were but a
+young man, I could find it in my heart to have him for a husband before
+any man in England." William, the great-grandson of this nobleman, and
+fourth Marquis of Winchester, had also, in 1601, the honour of having
+Queen Elizabeth for a guest for "thirteen days, to the great charge of
+the sayde Lorde Marquesse." During her residence here, the Duke of
+Biron, accompanied by about 20 of the French nobility, and a retinue of
+about 400 persons, were accommodated at the Vine, the seat of Lord
+Sandys, which had been purposely furnished with hangings and plate from
+the Tower, and Hampton Court, and with seven score beds and furniture,
+"which the willing and obedient people of the countrie of Southampton,
+upon two days' warning, had brought in thither to lend the Queen." When
+Elizabeth departed from Basing, she affirmed, that "she had done that in
+Hampshire, that none of her ancestors ever did; neither that any Prince
+in Christendom could do: that was, she had in her progresses, in her
+subject's houses, entertained a royal ambassador, and had royally
+entertained him." John, son of the preceding, and fifth Marquis of
+Winchester, was the brave nobleman who rendered his name immortal by his
+gallant defence of Basing House, in the cause of Charles I., during a
+tedious succession of sieges and blockades, which, with short
+intermissions, continued upwards of two years. The journal of the siege,
+printed in Oxford, in 1645, is one of the most eventful pieces of
+history during the civil war. The final investment appears to have been
+undertaken by Cromwell, who took it by storm, in October 1645, and burnt
+it to the ground, in despite of the Aimez Loyaulte, which the Marquis
+had written with a diamond in every window, and which has ever since
+been the motto of the family arms. The plunder obtained on this occasion
+is said to have amounted to £200,000. in cash, jewels, and rich
+furniture. The number of soldiers slain before the walls from the
+commencement of the siege, is recorded to have been upwards of 2,000.
+There is a traditionary report, that the garrison was partly surprized
+through some of the troops being engaged at cards when the assault
+commenced. From a survey made in 1798, it appears that the area of the
+works, including the garden and entrenchments, occupied about fourteen
+acres and a half. The form was extremely irregular, the ditches very
+deep, and the ramparts high and strong; some of the remains are yet very
+bold and striking. The site of the ruins is particularly commanding. The
+canal from Basingstoke has been cut through a part of the works, and the
+outward entrenchments have been rendered very obscure and imperfect from
+recent improvements in the grounds. The brave Marquis, whose property
+was reduced to ruin in the cause of his Sovereign, lived to the
+restoration, but received no recompence for his immense losses. He died
+in 1674, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, who, when he saw
+that other men of sense were at their wits' end, in the arbitary and
+tyrannical reign of James II., thought it prudent to assume the
+character of a madman, as the first Brutus did, in the reign of Tarquin.
+He danced, hunted, or hawked, a part of the day, went to bed before
+noon, and constantly sat at table all night. He went to dinner at six or
+seven in the evening, and his meal lasted till six or seven in the
+morning; during which time he ate, drank, smoked, talked, or listened to
+music. The company that dined with him were at liberty to rise and amuse
+themselves, or to take a nap, whenever they were so disposed; but the
+dishes and bottles were all the while standing upon the table. Such a
+man as this was thought a very unlikely person to concern himself with
+politics, or with religion. By this conduct, he was neither embroiled in
+public affairs, nor gave the least umbrage to the court; but he exerted
+himself so much in the revolution, that he was, for his eminent
+services, created Duke of Bolton: he afterwards raised a regiment of
+foot for the reduction of Ireland. Charles, son of the former, and
+second Duke of Bolton, assisted in the great work of the revolution; and
+was one of the noblemen appointed at Exeter, in November, 1688, to
+manage the revenues of the Prince of Orange, as Sovereign of England. In
+1717, he was declared Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Charles, the eldest
+son, and third Duke of Bolton, filled several high offices in the state.
+This nobleman, on the death of his first wife, from whom he had long
+been separated, wedded the celebrated Lavinia Beswick, or Fenton, more
+known by the name of Polly Peachem, from her celebrity in the
+performance of that character in the "Beggar's Opera." The parish church
+of Basing is a large, ancient, and curious structure, standing at a
+short distance from the site of Basing House, with a tower rising in the
+centre. In a niche at the west-end is a figure of the Virgin Mary: the
+roof is supported by round arches, springing from massive columns. This
+edifice was repaired in 1510, by Sir John Paulet, who, with his father,
+John Paulet, Esq., and their respective wives, lie buried beneath two
+arched tombs, one on each side the chancel. Beneath the south aisle is
+the family vault of the Paulets, in which six Dukes of Bolton, with many
+of their noble relations, are deposited. A mural monument has also been
+erected in this church to the memory of Francis Russel, Esq., F.R.S. and
+F.S.A., a native of Basingstoke, who assisted Mr. Nichols in his History
+of Leicestershire. He died in 1795.
+
+[Sidenote: Great battles fought here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Elizabeth splendidly entertained here for 13 days.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by Cromwell.]
+
+[Sidenote: The sixth Marquis of Winchester, a singular character.]
+
+[Sidenote: Polly Peachem.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |County.|  Number of Miles From |
+   +--+------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+
+    16|Basingstoke[A]  m.t. & p|Hants. |Andover   13|Reading  15|
+   +--+------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+--------------------+-----+----+
+    16|Basingstoke[A]  m.t. & p|Winchester        17|   46|3581|
+   +--+------------------------+--------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BASINGSTOKE. This large, ancient, and populous town is situated in a
+pleasant and well-wooded part of the county, and commands a considerable
+trade from its standing at the junction of five great roads. In the
+"Domesday Book" it is mentioned as always having been a royal manor, and
+as never having paid any tax, nor been distributed into hides: it is
+also noticed in that survey as having a market, whose tolls were worth
+"thirty shillings": we presume this to have been the weekly
+collection--a large sum in those days. From this town a canal was made
+to the river Wey, in Surrey; it was commenced in 1778. Its length is
+thirty-seven miles and a quarter, and the expense of cutting it amounted
+to £100,000. A large portion of this sum was laid out in forming a
+tunnel, nearly three quarters of a mile in length, through a hill near
+Odiham. Besides corn and flour, coals, timber, manure, and goods of
+almost every description are conveyed to different parts of the country
+by this channel. The first barge arrived at Basingstoke Wharf in
+January, 1794. Among the numerous projected advantages which led to the
+formation of the canal, was, the presumed cultivation of Bagshot Heath,
+and other heaths within the line of its course. A beautiful ruin
+overlooks the town on the north side, called Holy Ghost chapel. This was
+founded by Sir William, afterwards Lord Sandys, who with Bishop Fox,
+obtained a licence from Henry VIII. to found a brotherhood, to continue
+in perpetual succession, for the maintenance of a priest to perform
+divine service, and for the instruction of youth in literature. On an
+eminence in the vicinity, is an ancient encampment of an elliptical
+form, supposed to be British, three thousand three hundred feet in
+circumference; it is called "Aubrey Camp," or familiarly "Bury Bank;"
+the ditch on the outside is partly filled up by the labours of the
+agriculturist; and in Rook's Down, in this neighbourhood, while cutting
+a new road in 1831, a number of human skeletons were discovered,
+supposed to be of those who fell in some battle fought near this place.
+The free grammar school adjoins the venerable ruins of the chapel of the
+Holy Ghost; it is an ancient edifice, and is supposed originally to have
+been the parish church. This grammar school was first founded by Sir
+William Sandys, in connexion with the "Guild of the Holy Ghost," and was
+re-established upon the dissolution of that fraternity, by Queen Mary,
+in the succeeding reign. There are twelve boys at present on the
+foundation. Drs. Jos. Warton, the refined poet and critic, and his
+brother Thomas Warton, Poet Laureate, were both educated here, under
+their father, Thomas Warton, B.D., Professor of Poetry in the university
+of Oxford, a writer of considerable ability. John De Basinge, a learned
+Greek scholar, a friend and contemporary of that intelligent historian,
+Matthew Paris, was a native of this town. He was a man eminent for piety
+and learning, and a perfect master of the Greek and Latin languages--an
+eloquent orator--an able mathematician, and a sound divine. Having laid
+the foundation of his university learning at Oxford, he went to Paris,
+and from thence to Athens; upon his return to England, he brought over
+several curious Greek manuscripts, and introduced the use of Greek
+numerical figures into this country; and to facilitate the knowledge of
+that rich language, which at that remote period was very little known or
+appreciated in the western world. He translated from the Greek, into the
+Latin, the celebrated Grammar, entitled "The Denatus of the Greeks," and
+the learning and piety of this truly good man, recommended him to the
+esteem of all the lovers of literature of that time: particularly that
+of Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, by whom he was promoted from the
+Archdeaconry of London, to that of Leicester; he died in 1252. Among
+other subjects he wrote a Latin translation of the harmony of the four
+Gospels; and it was this learned individual that informed Robert, Bishop
+of Lincoln, that he had seen at Athens, a book called "The Testament of
+the Twelve Patriarchs," upon which the Bishop sent for it and translated
+it into Latin; this valuable MS. was first printed in 1555, and has
+often been reprinted in English. At Basingstoke, was also born Sir James
+Lancaster, an eminent navigator, who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
+explored the Arctic Sea. Thomas Warton, the historian of English Poetry,
+was descended from an ancient and honorable family in Beverly, County
+York, and born at Basingstoke, in 1728; from his infancy he discovered a
+vein for poetry, and at the age of nine years he wrote to his sister
+that remarkable production of his genius: viz. a translation from the
+Latin of Martial:--
+
+   "When bold Leander sought his distant fair,
+   (Nor could the sea a braver burthen bear)
+   Thus to the swelling waves he spake his woe,
+   Drown me on my return--but spare me as I go."
+
+This curious document bears date from the school of Basingstoke, Nov.
+1737. In March 1773, at the age of sixteen, he was admitted a Commoner
+at Trinity College, Oxford, and soon after elected a Scholar. At this
+college Mr. Warton continued, with trifling intervals, forty-seven
+years. In 1745, he published "The Pleasures of Melancholy." In 1749, in
+consequence of a foolish riot occasioned by some of the scholars, Mason,
+the Poet, produced a poem called the "Isis," reflecting upon the loyalty
+of the college, upon which Mr. Warton immediately wrote the "Triumph of
+Isis," a poem of some merit, and a severe commentary upon the other
+production. About this time, his talents being generally acknowledged,
+he became Poet Laureate, and in 1750 he took a Master's Degree, and in
+1751 succeeded to a Fellowship. In 1754 he published his observations on
+the "Faerie Queene of Spencer." In 1757, upon the resignation of Mr
+Hawkins, of Pembroke College, he was elected Professor of Poetry, which
+he held according to the usual custom for ten years. He died, May 21,
+1790. Basingstoke is one of the polling places for the northern division
+of the county.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, for cheese and cattle;
+   Whit-Wednesday for pedlary; September 23, for cattle and hiring
+   servants, Devonport. _Mail_ arrives 12.55 morning; departs 1.48
+   morning.--_Bankers_, Raggett and Co., draw on Masterman and
+   Co.--_Inn_, Crown.
+
+[Sidenote: Royal manor.]
+
+[Sidenote: Aubrey Camp.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent men born here.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|County. |Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+--------+------------+----------+
+    24|Basingthorpe   pa|Lincoln |Corby      3|Grantham 8|
+    53|Basingwerk[A] vil|Flint   |Holeywell  1|Flint    5|
+    10|Baslow       chap|Derby   |Middleton  3|Bakewell 5|
+   +--+-----------------+--------+------------+----------+
+                                              |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+    24|Basingthorpe   pa|Folingham          10| 105|  122|
+    53|Basingwerk[A] vil|Park Gate           7| 204|     |
+    10|Baslow       chap|Chesterfield       10| 158|  863|
+   +--+-----------------+---------------------+----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BASINGWERK. This place is chiefly celebrated for the remains of its
+ancient abbey; for the vestiges of a house belonging to the Knights
+Templars; and for a castle, once the key to this part of the country.
+The abbey, which had the names also of Maes-Glas and Greenfield
+monastery, is beautifully situated in a meadow between two hills, on the
+eastern side of the mouth of the Holywell river. It was founded,
+according to Tanner, in 1131, by Ranulph, Earl of Chester; others say in
+1150, by Henry II. The abbot was frequently summoned to attend in
+parliament by Edward I. and at the dissolution of monasteries, the
+annual revenue amounted to £150 7s. 3d. The remains convey an imperfect
+idea of the original architecture. The doors and lower arches were
+semi-circular and unornamented, the windows were long, narrow, and
+pointed; but the south wall of the transept, one doorway, and one
+pointed arch, are all that remain of the church, and the offices have
+entirely disappeared. At a short distance from the ruins is an oak of
+great age, called the Abbot's Oak, which measures fifteen feet two
+inches in circumference. But the oaks and elms in this neighbourhood,
+though of a large size, appear withered and blasted by the effect of the
+channel breezes; the sycamores and maples are the only trees that
+flourish; a useful hint to planters. The house for the lay order of the
+Knights Templars, was instituted by Henry II., for the purpose of
+defence against the inroads of the Welsh, and of this no more than some
+portion of the offices remain. Vestiges of the castle are yet visible in
+the fragments and foundation of a wall at some distance from the abbey,
+on the very margin of Watts-dyke. On a slope among hanging woods, near
+the township of Bagilt, stands Bagilt hall, a substantial mansion of
+ancient erection, late the seat of Paul Panton, Esq. Mostyn hall, a seat
+of Sir Thomas Mostyn, exhibits a variety of interesting features.
+Approached by a venerable avenue and a magnificent gateway, it stands in
+a small but beautiful park; it consisted originally of a square tower
+and two halls, in the larger of which the festive orgies of the baronial
+board were performed; but large additions were made in 1631, and many of
+its pristine features are defaced. Numerous paintings decorate the
+rooms, consisting for the most part of portraits, which illustrate all
+the varieties of costume in the several ages of their production; among
+the treasures of art are also many unique statues, busts, bronzes, and
+other articles of ancient or foreign production. In this neighbourhood
+are numerous collieries, the different appearance of which are phenomena
+interesting to the geologist. On the summit of a height called Mostyn
+mountain, is a monumental stone denominated Maen Achwynfan (the stone of
+lamentation). Its form is that of an obelisk; in height twelve feet, and
+two feet-four in thickness. It is probably a memorial of the dead slain
+in battle; but there appear to be no certain grounds for determining the
+period of its formation.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient Abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mostyn Hall.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |   Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    26|Bassaleg[A]        pa|Monmouth  |Newport    3|Cardiff    11|
+     9|Bassenthwaite      pa|Cumberland|Keswick    5|Cockermth  10|
+    23|Basset House ex.p.lib|Leicester |Leicester 13|Atherstone  8|
+     6|Bassingbourn       pa|Cambridge |Royston    5|Potton      9|
+    24|Bassingham         pa|Lincoln   |Newark     9|Lincoln     9|
+    29|Bassington         to|Northumb  |Alnwick    4|Eglingham   4|
+    24|Baston             pa|Lincoln   |M. Deeping 4|Bourn       4|
+    27|Bastwick           pa|Norfolk   |Acle       5|Norwich     9|
+    35|Baswich            pa|Stafford  |Stafford   2|Rugeley     8|
+    12|Batcombe           pa|Dorset    |Sherborne 10|Cerne       4|
+    34|Batcombe           pa|Somerset  |Bruton     3|Shepton     6|
+    34|Bath[B]          city|Somerset  |Salisbury 38|Cheltenham 41|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    26|Bassaleg[A]        pa|Bristol              12|  151|   1664|
+     9|Bassenthwaite      pa|Ireby                 8|  296|    549|
+    23|Basset House ex.p.lib|Lutterworth          11|  100|     23|
+     6|Bassingbourn       pa|Caxton                9|   42|   1446|
+    24|Bassingham         pa|Navenby               7|  133|    704|
+    29|Bassington         to|Whittingham           7|  312|    613|
+    24|Baston             pa|Stamford              9|   93|    709|
+    27|Bastwick           pa|Yarmouth              9|  117|    219|
+    35|Baswich            pa|Penkridge             6|  139|    546|
+    12|Batcombe           pa|Dorchester           12|  127|    178|
+    34|Batcombe           pa|Frome                10|  112|    839|
+    34|Bath[B]          city|Bristol              14|  106|  38063|
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BASSALEG, a beautiful picturesque little village. In this parish was
+a Priory of black monks of the Benedictine order, founded by Robert de
+Haye, and Gundreda, his wife, between the years 1101 and 1120. No
+remains of this building exist but a ruin in a wood, about one mile
+distant from the church, called Coed-y-monachty, which is supposed to
+have been part of the structure. At about one mile distant, near the
+road to Llanfihangel, is a circular encampment, called Careg-y-saesson,
+but almost obscured by underwood. Its name has induced some to attribute
+it to the Saxons, but saesson is a term of reproach, which the Welsh
+bestow on all foreigners. The entrenchment is a single foss and rampart
+of earth. About one mile distant is another of a singular shape, with
+loose stones lying in the foss, probably the remains of walls. These
+fortresses are apparently British, and a meadow near Machen Place,
+called Maes Arthur, records the memory of that celebrated hero. From
+Bassaleg to the vale of Machen, the country is undulating and fertile.
+This vale is pleasingly sequestered, yet intermixed with wildness and
+cultivation. The hills which skirt it are partly covered with herbage,
+and partly overhung with thick forests. The Rumney continues the
+boundary of the two counties of Monmouth and Glamorgan. This river, with
+the church, and Machen hill, almost covered with lime-kilns, give
+variety and cheerfulness to the scenery. Machen Place lies at the
+commencement of the vale, under the hanging groves of Rupara. A circular
+apartment called the hunting-room is decorated with a rich stuccoed
+ceiling, representing Diana in the middle, surrounded with seats,
+churches, and parties, in twelve compartments.
+
+[Sidenote: Machen place.]
+
+
+[B] BATH. This ancient and far-famed city is the chief ornament of the
+west of England; that it is indebted to its medicinal springs for its
+origin as well as importance, there can be little doubt, but the period
+of its foundation is altogether unknown. The discovery of its springs,
+or rather, of their virtues, was for a long time ascribed to King
+Bladud, traditionally recorded "as the son of Lud Hudibras, King of
+Britain, about 2,500 years ago. In his youth he became infected with the
+leprosy, and, at the petition of the courtiers, who feared the
+contagion, was banished by his father from the palace. The Queen, on his
+departure, gave him a ring, as a token by which he should make himself
+known to her if ever he recovered. The young prince, when he reached
+Keynsham, met with a swineherd, by whom he was retained as an assistant.
+In a short time, he perceived that he had tainted the pigs with his
+leprosy. To conceal this misfortune, he sought permission to drive the
+herd to the opposite side of the Avon, under pretext that the acorns
+there were finer, and more abundant. Passing the river at a ford, since
+denominated Swineford, he led his herd to the hills on the north-side of
+Bath. While he was addressing his prayers to the rising sun, the pigs,
+impelled by a sudden phrenzy, ran up the valley to the spot where the
+hot-springs, boiling up, mixed their waters with the decayed weeds and
+foliage, and formed a bog. In this warm oozy-bed they began to roll, and
+wallow with delight; nor could their keeper allure them away, until
+extreme hunger pressed them to follow him. On washing them, he perceived
+that some had shed their white scurf; and he had not been many days
+longer in these parts, here he perceived that one of his best sows,
+which had been long wandering in the mire about the waters, was
+perfectly cured. Bladud, judging that the remedy which had succeeded in
+a particular instance, would prove generally efficacious, stripped
+himself naked, alternately rolled in the mud, and washed in the waters;
+and, after a few repetitions of this discipline, came out perfectly
+sound. Elated by this good fortune, he drove home his pigs, returned to
+court, and, shewing his ring, was recognized with rapture, and restored
+to his former rank and dignity. His father afterwards determined on
+sending him to Athens, to improve his natural genius. A splendid retinue
+was ordered to attend him; but Bladud preferred to travel as a private
+person, considering the parade of grandeur as an impediment to the
+acquisition of knowledge. After devoting eleven years to the study of
+literature, mathematics, and necromancy, he returned to Britain, was
+appointed Regent during his father's old age, and succeeded to the
+throne after his death. One of his first public works was the erection
+of a city near the springs, which thenceforward became the capital of
+the British monarchs. In his old age he devoted himself to the formation
+of visionary projects; the most daring of which was the construction of
+a pair of wings to fly with. In one of his attempts he fell and broke
+his neck, much to the grief of his subjects, who had enjoyed the
+blessings of his wise government more than twenty years." This account
+of the origin of Bath was long popular; but the inquiries of the present
+day have proved it unworthy of credit, and have adduced reasons to
+conclude that the city was founded by the Romans, about the middle of
+the first century. The form of the city approached to a parallelogram,
+extending on one side so as to form an outline somewhat pentagonal, and
+stretching in length, from east to west, about 1200 feet, and in the
+broadest parts, from north to south, 1140 feet. The wall, which enclosed
+this space, appears, from subsequent discoveries, to have been twenty
+feet above ground in height, and in thickness sixteen feet at the base,
+and eight at the summit, strengthened with five towers, rising at the
+angles, and having four portæ, or entrances, facing the cardinal points,
+which were connected by two grand streets, dividing the city into four
+parts, and intersecting each other at the centre. Near the point of
+intersection were the springs, which the Romans converted into
+magnificent baths, by attaching to them suitable edifices, which, when
+complete, extended to two hundred and forty feet from east to west, and
+one hundred and twenty from north to south. The Roman appellation of the
+city, expressive of the genial heat and vigour derived from the springs,
+was Aquæ Solis, the waters of the sun. Roads were soon constructed to
+communicate with the neighbouring posts and encampments, and "a little
+Rome began to adorn a dreary and inhospitable wild." Agricola passed a
+winter here, after his successful campaign in Wales; and Arian erected
+here a "fabrica," or college of armourers. About the year 208, Geta, the
+younger son of Septimius Severus, resided in Bath, while his father was
+in Caledonia, quelling an insurrection. Some complimentary statues were
+raised on this and other occasions. The most eminent of the Roman
+structures was the temple of Minerva, on the eastern side of the great
+fosse-way, and nearly mid-way between the Porta Decumana, and the Porta
+Flumentana. Its western front consisted of a portico, supported by large
+fluted columns, of the Corinthian order. Behind this temple, towards the
+east, stood the splendid baths, the foundations of which were discovered
+in 1755, at the depth of twenty feet beneath the surface. Of the remains
+of Roman grandeur discovered from time to time, various specimens are
+preserved, and deposited, by order of the corporation, in a small
+building erected for the purpose, at the end of Bath-street. In the year
+493, a large army of Saxons, under the command of Ælla, and his three
+sons, Cymenus, Pleting, and Cissa, encamped on Lansdown, and laid siege
+to Bath. At this period the heroic Arthur was performing wonders in
+favour of his countrymen. Apprized of the operations of the Saxon
+general, he hastened after him, attacked, and defeated him in a bloody
+and obstinate battle. About twenty-seven years afterwards, he again
+delivered Bath from the assaults of these ferocious invaders, by
+defeating a powerful army, on which occasion he is said to have slain
+four hundred and forty men with his own hand. John de Villula, a native
+of Tours, purchased the demesne of Rufus, in 1090, for five hundred
+marks, and obtained permission to remove the Pontifical seat from Wells
+thither; he rebuilt the monastery and church, restored the public and
+private edifices, and thus became the founder of a new city, on the
+ruins of the old one. Henry I. confirmed and extended the privileges
+which his predecessor had granted, by adding the hidage of the city;
+and, in 1106, Villula, then Bishop of Bath, conferred the whole on the
+monastery of St. Peter. Henry paid a visit to Bath in the Easter of
+1107. The city remained in the possession of the bishops until 1193,
+when Savaric gave it to Richard I., in exchange for the rich Abbey of
+Glastonbury. The prior, however, continued to hold the city under an
+annual rent of thirty pounds, exclusive of the levies which were made by
+the king on extraordinary emergencies. One of these occurred in the
+forty-seventh year of Edward III., to the amount of £13. 6s. 8d., a sum
+which conveys the idea of the inferiority of Bath, in point of
+population, to Bristol, which paid seven times as much. Four years after
+that period, the number of lay inhabitants in the city, above the age of
+fourteen, amounted to 570, and that of the clerics, in the archdeaconry,
+to 201. In this and succeeding reigns the property of the monastery was
+greatly augmented; and the monks of Bath are said to have cultivated the
+manufacture of cloth to such an extent as to render it one of the
+principal cities in the west of England for that branch of trade. This
+city sent Members to Parliament as early as 1297. Queen Elizabeth, in
+1590, granted a charter, which declared Bath to be a city of itself, and
+constituted a certain number of the citizens as a corporation, by "the
+name of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the City of Bath." In the
+reign of James II. the corporation shut the gates against the Duke of
+Monmouth, when he summoned them, and apprehended the few adherents to
+his cause that remained within their walls. Six of these unfortunate
+persons afterwards fell victims to the vindictive cruelty of Jefferies.
+The Jacobite principles prevailed at Bath long after the revolution; and
+Carte, the historian, is said to have headed a party in favour of the
+pretender, during the rebellion of 1715. Being discovered, he leaped out
+of a window in his canonicals, and fled. The city is nearly surrounded
+by an amphitheatre of hills of considerable height. This range of hills
+opens to allow a course for the Avon, which winds around it, receiving
+numerous articles of merchandize, from hence conveyed in barges to
+Bristol. Bath is divided into four parishes: St. Peter and St. Paul, St.
+James, St. Michael, and Walcot, exclusive of the out parishes of
+Bath-Hampton, Bath-Wick, Bath-Ford, and Bath-Easton. The parish of St.
+Peter and St. Paul occupies the centre of the city, and formerly
+contained two churches, the abbey church, and the church of St. Mary of
+Stall, which stood on the spot of ground now occupied by the houses
+connected with the Pump-room Piazza. The Abbey church of Bath is of that
+class of architecture commonly denominated the Florid Gothic. It remains
+in the same form as when finished in 1532. It was founded by Oliver
+King, Bishop of Bath and Wells. It is in length, from east to west, 210
+feet; length of the cross aisles, from north to south, 126 feet; breadth
+of the body and aisles, 72 feet; height of the tower, 152 feet; and the
+height of the roof, or vaulting, 78 feet. The west window is of extreme
+richness. The buttresses, on each side of the aisle windows, are
+ornamented with rolls, containing inscriptions, not now legible, but are
+said to contain the following allegorical allusion to the founder's
+name, taken out of the book of Judges, chap. ix. verse 8:--
+
+   "Trees, going to choose their king,
+   Said--be to us the Olive king."
+
+[Sidenote: King Bladud.]
+
+[Sidenote: The discovery of the Baths.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bladud and his pigs.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Roman city.]
+
+[Sidenote: Their temples and baths.]
+
+[Sidenote: The monastery.]
+
+[Sidenote: Monks were clothiers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cathedral and other churches.]
+
+The windows of this church, fifty-two in number, are supposed to have
+given rise to its appellation of the Lantern of England. Here are
+various monuments, ancient and modern, and a handsome altar-piece,
+representing The Wise Men's Offering, given by General Wade. Here is
+also a fine specimen of monumental architecture in the little chapel, or
+oratory of Prior Bird, who died in 1525. This chapel has suffered much
+from having its tracery despoiled, and a part of it cut away to make
+room for a wooden seat, called the Bishop's Throne. One of the most
+beautiful and conspicuous monuments which ornament the transepts and
+nave is, that of Bishop Montague, at the north centre end of the nave.
+It is an altar-tomb, over which the effigy of the prelate in his robes,
+lies prostrate on its back. Opposite to this is a pillar, bearing a neat
+monument, having on a pyramid of Sienna marble, a medallion, with a
+half-length figure of the witty and celebrated Quin. On a tablet below
+is the following inscription:
+
+   "That tongue which set the table in a roar,
+   And charm'd the public ear, is heard no more:
+   Closed are those eyes, the harbingers of wit,
+   Which spake, before the tongue, what Shakspeare writ;
+   Cold is that hand, which living was stretch'd forth,
+   At friendship's call to succour modest worth.
+   Here lies James Quin:--Deign, reader, to be taught,
+   Whate'er thy strength of body, force of thought,
+   In nature's happiest mould however cast,
+   'To this complexion thou must come at last.'  D. GARRICK.
+              Ob. MDCCLXVI. Etatis LXXIII."
+
+[Sidenote: Quin's monumental inscription.]
+
+Near the last mentioned monument lies buried the celebrated Beau Nash,
+long master of the ceremonies at Bath. Richard Nash was a native of
+Swansea in Glamorganshire, and was born October 18, 1674. His parents
+were in a respectable situation of life; and young Nash received a
+competent classical education at Carmarthen school, from whence he was
+sent to Jesus College, Oxford, at the early age of sixteen. He was
+intended for the profession of the law; but this study was too dull and
+dry for a person of his volatile turn. Pleasure was the goddess he
+adored; and to whose service he devoted himself. He soon involved
+himself in an intrigue with an artful female in Oxford, of which
+description there are always numbers who are laying baits for young men
+of family or personal appearance, and in consequence of this he was
+removed from the University. His relations now purchased a pair of
+colours for him in the army; and here his taste for gallantry and
+dissipation would have been fully gratified, had not his inferior rank,
+and the duties attached to it, subjected him to subordination and
+restraint, which appeared intolerable to a man born for empire, and
+whose ruling passion was too strong to submit to control. He, therefore,
+left the army in disgust, and returned to the law, which he had
+discarded, by entering himself a student of the Middle Temple. Soon
+afterwards Nash was presented with an opportunity of exercising his
+natural talents. It had been an ancient custom with the society to which
+he now belonged, to entertain every new sovereign with a revel and a
+pageant. On the accession of William, Prince of Orange, Nash was
+selected as the most proper person to conduct this mighty business; and
+he succeeded so well, that, it is said, William offered to knight him,
+an honour which he declined. His abilities, however, had attracted
+public notice, and this paved the way to his future success. Bath then
+beginning to rise into some little repute as a place of fashionable
+resort, Nash was induced to visit it in pursuit of pleasure, and soon
+made himself conspicuous by his taste, wit, and gaiety. At this period,
+it was the fashion for both sexes to bathe together quite naked, and for
+ladies to adorn their heads before they entered the bath with all the
+lures of dress. By these means their charms were set off to such
+advantage, that the husband of a lady in the Cross Bath, who with Nash
+and other spectators were admiring the female dabblers, told his wife
+"she looked like an angel, and he wished to be with her." Nash seized
+the favourable occasion to establish his reputation as a man of
+gallantry and spirit, and therefore suddenly taking the gentleman by the
+collar and the waistband of his breeches, soused him over the parapet
+into the bath. The consequence was a duel, in which Nash was wounded in
+the sword-arm; and, as it does not appear he was fond of fighting, it is
+probable that this incident prompted him when he rose to power, to issue
+his edict against wearing swords at Bath, "except by such as were not
+entitled to wear them at any other place." About this time a vacancy
+happening in the office of master of the ceremonies, a place hitherto of
+little profit or honour, the well known talent of Nash for the direction
+and invention of amusements, operated so much in his favour, that he was
+chosen "arbiter elegantiarum," and invested with the fullest power to
+order, arrange, and improve, the manner of the company, routine of
+amusements, and points of etiquette. Under the equal administration of
+Nash, no rank could protect the offender, nor any dignity of situation
+influence him to connive at a breach of his laws. He deliberately
+desired the Duchess of Queensbury, who appeared at a dress ball in an
+apron, to take it off; and when the Princess Amelia requested to have
+one dance more after eleven o'clock, he replied, that the laws of Bath,
+like those of Lycurgus, were unalterable. This firmness of character was
+attended with the most beneficial consequences; and Nash, not ignorant
+what majesty is when stripped of its externals, took care by his dress
+and equipage to support the rank he assumed. He wore a large white hat,
+and drove a carriage with six greys, escorted by several persons on
+horseback, and foot, with French horns and other kinds of musical
+instruments. The Prince of Wales, the Prince of Orange, the nobility and
+gentry, all treated him with respect; and the corporation, who might be
+considered as his privy council, never took any steps without his fiat.
+His prosperity was of long duration; and, if a man who supported himself
+by gambling and intrigues, can be said to deserve prosperity, it was
+justly due to this celebrated character: but at length age and
+infirmities approached! and though Horace says, we should preserve
+consistency to the last, it appeared ridiculous to see grey hairs and
+decrepitude aping the gaiety and hilarity of youth. His admirers in
+consequence fell off; and he lived to be sensible of the folly of a life
+solely devoted to pleasure, and the vanity of pomp, whether real or
+affected.--Beau Nash died February 3, 1761, and was buried at the
+expence of the corporation, in the abbey church, with much pomp and
+solemnity. The crowd that attended his funeral was so great, that not
+only the streets were filled, but the very tops of the houses were
+covered with spectators.--Amongst the places of worship for the
+Dissenters, are the Unitarian chapel, in Trim Street; the Baptist
+chapel, in Garrard Street; the Quaker's meeting-house on St. James's
+Parade; the chapel of the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians, in Monmouth
+Street; a chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists, in New King
+Street; an Independant Calvinist chapel, in Argyle Street; a sort of
+semi-episcopal chapel, in the connection of the late Countess of
+Huntingdon, in Harlequin Row; and a Roman Catholic chapel in Orchard
+Street. The original pump-room, began in 1704, was opened under the
+auspices of Mr. Nash. Its object was to enable the drinkers to take
+exercise without exposing themselves to the weather. The room was
+enlarged in 1751; a portico, stretching from it in a northerly
+direction, was added in 1786; and a superb western frontispiece in 1791.
+Five years afterwards, Mr. Baldwin the architect, erected a new
+pump-room on the site of the old one, on a more extensive and
+magnificent scale. During the full season, a company of musicians
+perform in the gallery every morning. Those who drink the waters, are
+expected to pay about a guinea per month, besides a gratuity to the
+pumper. The public baths are the King's Bath, and Queen's Bath, which
+are connected with each other; the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath. The
+private baths are those belonging to the corporation, in Stall Street,
+adjoining the King's Bath, built in 1788, with dry pumps, sudatories,
+and every other accommodation; and the neat and convenient baths, called
+the Duke of Kingston's, or the Abbey Baths, belonging to Earl Manvers.
+The latter are supplied from the same source as the great pump-room. The
+Bath springs are said to have three distinct sources, the King's Bath,
+the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath, which arise within a small distance of
+each other. They contain a small quantity of carbonic acid gas, and also
+of azotic gas; some sulphate of soda, and muriate of soda; selenite,
+carbonate of lime; siliceous earth; and a portion of oxyd of iron. These
+waters, taken internally, operate as a stimulant; they increase the
+action of the blood-vessels, and promote the various secretions,
+particularly those of urine and perspiration. The diseases in which
+their external and internal uses render most service, are affections of
+the liver and stomach, jaundice, hypochondriasis, and chlorosis. They
+are especially efficacious in that state of gout termed atonic. The
+external application of the water is highly beneficial in palsy, chronic
+rheumatism, cutaneous diseases, scrofula, lameness, contractions, &c.
+The water, in all cases, should if practicable, be drunk hot from the
+pump. Its effect on the stomach and nerves are sometimes remarkably
+speedy; persons who have lost their appetites and spirits by high
+living, have, by using them a few days, recovered their powers of
+digestion and cheerfulness of mind. The quantity taken is seldom more
+than a pint and a half in the course of the day, and is divided into
+three portions, two before breakfast, allowing half an hour between
+them, and a third at noon. The condition of the patient is, however, to
+be strictly attended to: and the quantity must be regulated at the
+discretion of the physician. The General Hospital of this city was
+established for the reception of all the sick poor in the united
+kingdom, whose complaints require relief from the springs of the place;
+excepting the resident poor, who have the advantage of taking the waters
+at their own houses, at a moderate charge. Edward the Sixth granted
+upwards of eighty tenements, gardens, &c. within the city and its
+suburbs, for the purpose of founding a grammar-school at Bath, and
+maintaining ten poor folk within the said town for ever. The Bath
+Theatre is scarcely inferior to those of the metropolis. The present
+building was erected about the year 1805, in the centre of the city; and
+from its height, it forms a prominent object in the distance from all
+its environs. There are three entrances; the grand front being in
+Beaufort Square. The audience part is somewhat smaller than was that of
+the late Covent Garden Theatre, but the space behind the curtain is much
+larger. The length, within the main walls, is one hundred and twenty
+feet; the breadth sixty feet; and the height seventy. The exterior
+buildings are very extensive; there are three lofty tiers of boxes,
+affording a depth of rows towards the centre. Cast iron bronzed pillars
+are placed at a distance of two feet from the front, by which the first
+row of each circle appears as a balcony, independent of the main
+structure, and thus an inconceivable lightness is obtained. The private
+boxes are inclosed with gilt lattices: the entrance to them is by a
+private house, part of the property connected with the theatre, and they
+are accommodated with a suite of retiring rooms. The decorations are
+very splendid, particularly the ceiling. The Harmonic Society was
+instituted under the patronage of Dr. Harrington; and there is another
+musical society, called the York House Catch Club. The Sydney Garden
+Vauxhall, at the extremity of Great Pulteney Street, abounds with
+groves, vistas, lawns, serpentine walks, alcoves, bowling-greens,
+grottoes and labyrinths. It is known to have contained four thousand
+persons. The riding school affords the public, amusement in wet weather.
+Lansdown races are in June and July. Besides the Public Library, the
+circulating libraries are numerous and well supplied, and the harmonic
+concerts and local institutions of a literary character, are easily
+accessible. It is intended to convert the common fields in the
+neighbourhood of Marlborough Buildings into a public park, laid out with
+numerous rides and walks, ornamental fountains, and plantations. Hackney
+coaches, and chariots, on the same principle as those used in London,
+are established here.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, February 14; (Holloway)
+   July 10; and Aug. 10, (Lansdown) for cattle, horses and all kinds of
+   merchandise. The Falmouth Mail arrives 7.54 morning, and departs 6.30
+   afternoon. The Carmarthen Mail arrives 7.48 morning, and departs 6.56
+   afternoon.--_Bankers_, (Bladud Bank) Tufnell and Co.; draw on Jones,
+   Lloyd and Co.; Tugwell and Co., draw on Barnard and Co.; (Old Bank)
+   Hobhouse and Co., draw on Jones, Lloyd and Co.; (City Bank) Smith and
+   Moger, draw on Barclay and Co.--_Inns_, York Hotel, White Hart, White
+   Lion, Greyhound, Castle, and Elephant and Castle.
+
+[Sidenote: Account of the celebrated Beau Nash.]
+
+[Sidenote: Refused to be knighted.]
+
+[Sidenote: Conduct of Nash towards the Princess Amelia.]
+
+[Sidenote: His death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dissenting Chapels.]
+
+[Sidenote: Use of the waters in certain disorders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Theatre.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sydney Gardens.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    34|Bathampton     pa|Somerset  |Bath        2|Chippenham 11|
+    34|Bathealton     pa|Somerset  |Wiveliscomb 3|Milverton   3|
+    34|Batheaston[A]  pa|Somerset  |Bath        3|Chippenham 10|
+    34|Bathford       pa|Somerset  | ...        4|  ...       9|
+    30|Bathley        to|Nottingham|Newark      4|Muskham     1|
+    34|Bathwick       pa|Somerset  |Bath        1|Chippenham 12|
+    45|Batley    pa & to|W.R. York |Wakefield   7|Leeds       8|
+    15|Batsford       pa|Gloucester|Moreton     2|Campden     4|
+    35|Batterley     ham|Stafford  |Sandbach    8|Barthomley  1|
+    43|Battersly     ham|N.R. York |Stokesley   5|Gisborough  7|
+    37|Battersea[B]   pa|Surrey    |Clapham     2|Putney      3|
+    36|Battisford     pa|Suffolk   |Needham     2|Ipswich     4|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    34|Bathampton     pa|Devizes               15|  104|    314|
+    34|Bathealton     pa|Wellington             5|  153|     98|
+    34|Batheaston[A]  pa|Devizes               14|  103|   1783|
+    34|Bathford       pa|  ...                 13|  102|    870|
+    30|Bathley        to|Southwell              7|  128|    197|
+    34|Bathwick       pa|Devizes               16|  105|   4035|
+    45|Batley    pa & to|Bradford               8|  189|  11335|
+    15|Batsford       pa|Stow                   7|   88|    107|
+    35|Batterley     ham|Newcastle              8|  158|    242|
+    43|Battersly     ham|Helmsley              14|  242|     77|
+    37|Battersea[B]   pa|Hammersmith            3|    4|   5540|
+    36|Battisford     pa|Bildeston              8|   71|    436|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATHEASTON. This village is situated on the London road from Bath.
+The upper part contains the church, and amongst some handsome houses, is
+one which was formerly the residence of John Wood, Esq., the ingenious
+architect, to whom Bath owes many of its noblest buildings. The church
+is antique. At the west-end it has a fine square tower, one hundred feet
+high. The inside is remarkable for its neat and decent appearance. A
+custom long observed at the villa of Sir John Millar, Bart., displays
+his elegance and refinement in the choice of his amusements, as well as
+of his visitors. He had purchased an antique vase, discovered at
+Frescati, in Italy, in 1759; and having placed it in a room convenient
+for the purpose, he consecrated it to Apollo, and ordained Lady Miller,
+high priestess. He then issued a general invitation to all votaries of
+the muses, to assemble on a certain day in each week, and offer their
+poetical oblations at the shrine; the degree of merit each possessed was
+decided by the public voice, and the author of the best was crowned with
+myrtle. A collation succeeded. This attic pastime continued for some
+years, till some witling contaminated the purity of the urn by a
+licentious composition, and the vessel was closed for ever. Two small
+volumes of these effusions have been published.
+
+[Sidenote: The vase of Apollo.]
+
+
+[B] BATTERSEA is seated on the Thames, and gives the title of Baron to
+the family of St. John. The church contains many monuments, chiefly of
+the above noble family; particularly one in grey marble, to the memory
+of the celebrated statesman, Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, and
+of his second wife, whose profiles are sculptured in bass-relief. A
+monument near the south wall, represents Sir Edward Wynter in the act of
+performing two extraordinary exploits, thus described in his epitaph:--
+
+   Alone, unarmed, a tyger he oppressed,
+   And crush'd to death the monster of a beast.
+   Twice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew,
+   Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew,
+   Dispersed the rest--what more could Sampson do?
+
+A neat tablet, at the east end of the church, commemorates Thomas Astle,
+who was long a distinguished member of the Society of Antiquaries,
+Keeper of the Records in the Tower, a Trustee of the British Museum, and
+author of Treatise "on the Origin and Progress of Writing." He died in
+1802, and left a valuable collection of manuscripts. Here are also
+interred, Arthur Collins, Esq., known as the author of an "Historical
+Account of the Peers and Baronets of England;" William Curtis, author of
+the "Flora Londinensis," and the Rev. Joseph Gardner, author of "Views
+on the Rhine," and otherwise distinguished by his attachment to the
+arts. Bolingbroke House was a spacious edifice, said to have contained
+fifty rooms on a floor, of which a few only remain; among which is the
+favourite apartment of Lord Bolingbroke, wainscotted with cedar. A
+horizontal air-mill now occupies the site of this mansion, and in the
+gardens have been erected bullock-houses. Sherwood Lodge, near the
+Thames, is the residence of James Wolf, Esq. whose valuable collection
+of plaster-casts, from antique statues, are deposited in a gallery of
+Doric architecture, remarkable for the purity of its style. A wooden
+bridge was built over the Thames at this place, in 1771.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir E. Wynter's exploits.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bolingbroke house.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |County.|  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+
+    38|Battle[A] m.t. & pa|Sussex |Tunbridge  26|Hastings    8|
+    48|Battle[B]        pa|Brecon |Brecon      3|Trecastle   9|
+   +--+-------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+    38|Battle[A] m.t. & pa|Bexhill            6|    56|   2999|
+    48|Battle[B]        pa|Builth            15|   174|    192|
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATTLE, anciently called Epiton, derived its present denomination
+from the conflict between William the Norman, and Harold Harefoot, which
+decided the fate of these realms, and gave to the former the surname of
+Conqueror. This engagement happened on the 14th of October, 1066, and
+continued from morning until sunset, when the Normans had sustained a
+loss of 15000 men, and the English four times that number, among whom
+was their king. The Conqueror, grateful for his victory, and in
+performance of a vow, commenced the foundation of an abbey on that part
+of the field where the battle had raged most fiercely, causing the high
+altar to be raised on the spot where the body of his valiant antagonist;
+or, as others say, his standard had been found. This abbey was dedicated
+to St. Martin, and the privileges enjoyed by the superiors within its
+precincts were almost regal; an exclusive right of inquest in cases of
+murder--the property of all treasure discovered there--free warren and
+exemption, even for their tenants, from all ecclesiastical
+jurisdiction--right of sanctuary for their church in cases of
+homicide--and the power of pardoning any condemned thief whom they
+should meet going to execution. From the foundation of this abbey, till
+its dissolution, it was governed by thirty-one abbots. Sometime after
+the latter period, it was the property of the Montagues, who sold it to
+Sir Thomas Webster, and that gentleman made it his residence. Sir
+Godfrey Webster, Bart., is the present owner. In its present state,
+Battle Abbey bears ample testimony to its ancient magnificence, the
+ruins being extensive, and exhibiting a mixture of the light Norman with
+the solid Saxon architecture. These remains occupy two sides of a
+quadrangle, of which one is an ancient gateway. Nine elegant arches, now
+filled up, are all that remain of the church. Two detached buildings,
+supposed to have been refectories, are now converted into offices. The
+town of Battle consists of one street, and has a handsome church, the
+windows of which are embellished with stained glass. The chancel
+contains a fine altar-monument to the memory of Sir Anthony Browne,
+armour-bearer to Henry VIII. This place is celebrated for a manufacture
+of gunpowder, inferior only to that at Dartford.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday; Nov. 22, cattle and
+   pedlary; second Tuesday in every month, cattle.--_Bankers_, Smith,
+   Gill, and Co., draw on Spooner and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 4.20 morning;
+   departs 9.40 afternoon.--_Inn_, George.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey.]
+
+
+[B] BATTLE. The church is placed upon an eminence on the east side of
+the Escir river. It is a low edifice surrounded by a cemetry, bounded by
+a wall. A few straggling houses give this place the name of a village.
+History has fixed this spot as the scene of action where the fate of
+Brecknockshire was decided, upon its attack by Bernard Newmarch. The
+vestiges which indicate such an event, are, a well called Ffynon Pen
+Rhys; a lane called Heol y Cymri, and a long upright stone below the
+church on the south side; no other vestiges remain to recall the event.
+Half a mile eastward from Battle, appears the stately residence of the
+vicar of Llandevalle. Upon the wall of an inner court is an inscription
+in Latin. From the windows of this house are three most beautiful views;
+on the east side through a small vista, are seen the village of
+Llanddew, and in the back ground the black mountain beyond Talgarth.
+From the library, in which is a capital picture of our Saviour bearing
+the Cross, by Correggio, looking west, is the vale of Usk, with the
+highly ornamented grounds above Penpont; beyond which, Abercamlais, and
+the mountains in Llywel and Devynock close the scene. Nearly opposite is
+the gradually rising knoll of Benni, covered to the top on all sides
+with wood, beyond which appear the precipitous and majestic summits of
+the Beacons. Merthyr Cynog, or Saint Cynog, lies about four miles north.
+Cynog or Canoc, was the illegitimate son of Brychan Brecheinog. He was
+slain or murdered in one of the early eruptions of the Saxons into
+Wales, in the 5th century, on the summit of a hill in this parish,
+nearly opposite Castlemadoc, called Vanoleu, and according to Owen, was
+buried in Merthyr church. The edifice which remains, does not appear to
+be of an earlier date than the Norman era; it is situated upon a lofty
+ridge between the vales of Escir fawr and Escir fechan, in nearly the
+centre of the parish. It resembles a large barn, in which are some
+divisions, like pens for sheep, thrown in disorder to rot, when unfit
+for use.
+
+[Sidenote: Scene of a Welsh battle.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.  |Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    25|Battle Bridge    ham|Middlesex |Holborn Bars 1|Paddington  2|
+     3|Battleden[A]      pa|Bedford   |Woburn       3|Hockliffe   2|
+    33|Battlefield[B]    pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury   4|Wem         9|
+    16|Baughurst         pa|Hants     |Basingstoke  7|Kingsclere  3|
+     4|Baulking         ham|Berks     |Farringdon   4|Wantage     6|
+    34|Baumber           pa|Lincoln   |Horncastle   6|Wragby      8|
+    15|Baunton           pa|Glocester |Cirencester  2|Northleach  9|
+    56|Bauseley          to|Montgomery|Welch Pool  10|Shrewsbury 12|
+    41|Baverstock        pa|Wilts     |Wilton       4|Salisbury   7|
+    29|Bavington, Great  to|Northumb  |Hexham      12|Bellingham 12|
+    29|Bavington, Little to|Northumb  |  ...       11|   ...     12|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+    25|Battle Bridge    ham|Hoxton                  2|    1|       |
+     3|Battleden[A]      pa|Leighton                4|   39|    145|
+    33|Battlefield[B]    pa|Shawbury                4|  155|     70|
+    16|Baughurst         pa|Newbury                11|   54|    434|
+     4|Baulking         ham|Lambourne               7|   66|    185|
+    34|Baumber           pa|Louth                  12|  141|    356|
+    15|Baunton           pa|Gloucester             17|   91|    144|
+    56|Bauseley          to|Oswestry               11|  165|    365|
+    41|Baverstock        pa|Shaftesbury            13|  292|    166|
+    29|Bavington, Great  to|Newcastle              20|   88|     70|
+    29|Bavington, Little to|   ...                  2|  291|     72|
+   +--+--------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATTLEDEN lies between the two great north-western roads. The family
+of Firmband, or Fremband, twice represented the county in parliament, as
+early as the reign of Edward III. In the reign of Elizabeth it became
+the property of the Duncombes; and it is to one of this family that we
+are indebted for the accommodation of the now antiquated sedans, or
+close chairs; and in the year 1634, Duncombe is said to have procured a
+patent, which vested in him and his heirs the right of carrying persons
+"up and down in them," for a certain term. "It is probable, (observes
+Lysons,) that Sir Saunders, who was a great traveller, had seen them at
+Sedan, where Dr. Johnson, supposes that they were first made; and it is
+remarkable that Captain Bayley first introduced the use of Hackney
+Coaches in the same year." In the year 1706, this manor was purchased by
+Allen Bathurst, Esq., a distinguished political character during the
+reigns of Queen Anne and George I. It was for many years the country
+seat of Lord Bathurst, and the resort of a celebrated constellation of
+wits, of whom he was the patron and friend.
+
+[Sidenote: The invention of Sedan chairs.]
+
+
+[B] BATTLEFIELD is a parish in the liberties of Shrewsbury, and derives
+its name from a sanguinary battle which was fought there on Saturday the
+21st of July, 1403, between Henry the Fourth and the Rebels, under
+Percy, Earl of Nothumberland, and in which Lord Henry Percy, well known
+as the valiant Hotspur, was slain, together with nearly 2300 gentlemen
+and others, and upwards of 600 common soldiers fell on that memorable
+occasion. After this signal victory, Henry the fourth caused a
+collegiate church to be erected on the spot for secular canons, which
+was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene, the battle having been fought on
+the anniversary of that day. This college was dissolved in the general
+wreck of establishments of this kind, when its revenues amounted to £54
+10s. 4d. per annum; it is now the parish church. At the east end, over
+the altar window, is a figure of Henry the Fourth, much defaced by the
+corroding hand of time. In a niche in the south wall, is a rude carving
+in wood of the Virgin and child; and in the east window are still to be
+traced some mutilated remains of stained glass; but the most interesting
+object in this church, is a splendid gothic monument, recently erected
+to the memory of the late John Corbet, Esq. of Sundorne. This beautiful
+specimen of architecture is called the Tudor gothic; the interior
+represents the miniature aisle of a cathedral or cloister, with its
+elaborately groined roof, and the front is adorned by the heraldic
+blazonings of the family. This fine and highly prized piece of art was
+designed by the Rev. Archdeacon Owen, of Shrewsbury, and most admirably
+executed by Messrs. Carline of that town, in a warmly tinted fine
+grained stone, from the Grinshill quarries in the neighbourhood.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle between Henry the Fourth and Percy of Northumberland.]
+
+[Sidenote: Splendid monument.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+    27|Bawburgh      pa|Norfolk  |Norwich     5|Wymondham    5|
+    27|Bawdeswell    pa|Norfolk  |Reepham     4|Swanton      3|
+    34|Bawdrip       pa|Somerset |Bridgewater 4|Glastonbury 11|
+    36|Bawdsey       pa|Suffolk  |Woodbridge  8|Orford      10|
+    27|Bawsey        pa|Norfolk  |Lynn        3|Cas. Rising  4|
+    46|Bawtry[A]   m.t.|W.R. York|Doncaster   9|E. Retford   8|
+    39|Baxterly      pa|Warwick  |Atherstone  5|Tamworth     7|
+    41|Baydon        pa|Wilts    |Ramsbury    4|Lambourne    4|
+    27|Bayfield      pa|Norfolk  |Holt        2|Cley         2|
+    18|Bayford       pa|Herts    |Hertford    4|Hatfield     6|
+    34|Bayford       pa|Somerset |Wincaunton  1|Bourton      3|
+    36|Bayleham      pa|Suffolk  |Needham     3|Ipswich      7|
+    22|Bayley        to|Lancaster|Clitheroe   6|Blackburn    7|
+    25|Bayswater[B] ham|Middlesex|Tyburn      1|Acton        4|
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    27|Bawburgh      pa|E. Dereham           12|  105|     440|
+    27|Bawdeswell    pa|                      7|  107|     587|
+    34|Bawdrip       pa|Stowey               12|  136|     373|
+    36|Bawdsey       pa|Ipswich              13|   80|     454|
+    27|Bawsey        pa|Middleton             3|   99|      39|
+    46|Bawtry[A]   m.t.|Gainsboro'           13|  153|    1149|
+    39|Baxterly      pa|Coleshill             7|  111|     189|
+    41|Baydon        pa|Swindon              10|   69|     358|
+    27|Bayfield      pa|Wells                10|  122|      17|
+    18|Bayford       pa|Hoddesdon             5|   21|     332|
+    34|Bayford       pa|Mere                  6|  107|        |
+    36|Bayleham      pa|Bildeston             9|   72|     238|
+    22|Bayley        to|Preston              12|  219|        |
+    25|Bayswater[B] ham|Southall              8|    1|        |
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BAWTRY is a small town situated on the edge of Yorkshire, adjoining
+Nottinghamshire. It is handsome and well built; and the high street,
+through which lies the great North Road from London to Edinburgh, is
+very broad, and contains some elegant houses. At the upper part of this
+street is the market-place, in which are some excellent shambles. The
+town stands on a gentle but pleasant eminence, which slopes from the
+north and east down to the river Idle, which river is navigable to this
+place for small craft. On the western side of the town the ground is
+high and exceedingly pleasant, but the eastern, or marshy side, is
+subject to frequent winter inundations. The object which most travellers
+consider more especially worthy of attention, is the elegant mansion of
+the Viscountess Galway. The edifice is built of brick and is pleasantly
+situated at the southern extremity of the town; it has an extensive and
+handsome front, but a high brick wall secludes it from public view. The
+pleasure grounds which are kept in excellent condition, are stocked with
+Chinese pheasants, and other rare and curious birds. Near this place the
+Archbishops of York had a palace; and at this mansion, Archbishop
+Savage, in the time of Henry VII. delighted to take his pleasure in
+hunting; and in the next reign it was the residence of Cardinal Wolsey.
+The palace stood in a very low and damp situation, close to the
+confluence of the small river Ryton with the Idle. The great gateway,
+and the porter's lodge, were taken down towards the end of the last
+century, and what remains of the palace has been converted into a farm
+house.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Tuesday; and November 22, for
+   cattle and horses.--_Inn_, Crown--_Mail_ arrives 2.0 afternoon;
+   departs 11.30 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Viscountess Galway.]
+
+
+[B] BAYSWATER is situated on the Oxford Road, and is the first place
+passed after leaving London; it has been much increased of late by the
+building of new streets and genteel residences. A reservoir, under the
+same management as the water works of Chelsea, is in the neighbourhood.
+Bayswater Tea Gardens were formerly the Botanic gardens of Sir John
+Hill, who cultivated there his medicinal plants, and prepared his Water
+Dock, Essence, and Balsam of Honey. The reservoir before mentioned, was
+intended for the supply of the palace at Kensington, and the bason
+before the palace was to be kept constantly full by the proprietors;
+and, it was upon this condition that the property was granted them. It
+now supplies that part of the city estates situated in about
+Bond-street, with water.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |  County. |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    14|Baythorne End          |Essex     |Haverhill   4|Ridgewell   2|
+    42|Bayton               pa|Worcester |Bewdley     6|Tenbury     8|
+    57|Bayvill              pa|Pembroke  |Newport     3|Cardigan    9|
+     4|Bayworth            ham|Berks     |Abingdon    2|Oxford      4|
+     5|Beachampton[A]       pa|Bucks     |Buckingham  6|Stratford   3|
+    27|Beachamwell          pa|Norfolk   |Swaffham    6|Stoke Ferry 6|
+    18|Beaches             ham|Herts     |Buntingford 7|Standon     7|
+    15|Beachley[B]         ham|Gloucester|Chepstow    3|Bristol    13|
+    27|Beacon                 |Norfolk   |Cromer      6|Lt. Houses 10|
+     5|Beaconsfield[C] to & pa|Bucks     |Uxbridge    8|Wycombe     6|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    14|Baythorne End          |G. Yeldham             5|   55|       |
+    42|Bayton               pa|Mamble                 2|  130|    445|
+    57|Bayvill              pa|Fishguard             10|  248|    160|
+     4|Bayworth            ham|Cumnor                 5|   58|       |
+     5|Beachampton[A]       pa|Newport                9|   53|    254|
+    27|Beachamwell          pa|Marham                 5|   94|    263|
+    18|Beaches             ham|Barkway                6|   32|       |
+    15|Beachley[B]         ham|Monmouth              18|  131|       |
+    27|Beacon                 |Bacton                 5|  135|       |
+     5|Beaconsfield[C] to & pa|Amersham               6|   23|   1763|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEACHAMPTON. The remains of the mansion of the Bennetts have been
+converted into a farm-house, but the great hall is still standing. In
+the parish church are some monuments of this family; among which there
+is one to the memory of Sir Simon Bennett, who was created a baronet in
+1627, and is recorded in history as having been a great friend to the
+poor, and to University College, Oxford. This monument, it appears, was
+set up by the college 100 years after his death, and great blame is
+imputed to them for having delayed it so long. Mr. William Elmer, by his
+will, bearing date 1648, founded a free grammar school in this parish.
+The school-house was finished in 1667. The master, by an express clause
+in the founder's will, must be a single man, and is to reside in the
+school-house. It is endowed with lands, which are charged with the
+payment of a certain pension of £2. per annum, to eight poor men, and
+£1. per annum to as many poor women; and it is further provided, that
+three of each of these shall be inhabitants of this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Free grammar school.]
+
+
+[B] BEACHLEY from its almost insulated situation, has always been of
+great importance in a military point of view, for there are extensive
+earthworks of British origin still remaining. Offa's-dyke, which
+terminates here, is still to be traced. In the civil wars this place was
+considered of much importance, for Prince Rupert despatched a body of
+500 horse and foot to occupy and fortify it. But history relates, that
+even before the fortifications were completed, the garrison was
+dislodged with great loss, by Governor Massie. After this, a battle was
+fought between the royalists and the parliamentary forces, under Sir
+John Wyntor, when the latter was defeated with the loss of 220 men; and
+it is currently reported that he himself was forced to leap from the
+cliff into the river Severn, where a small boat lay ready to receive
+him; it is certain the place still goes by the name of "Wyntor's leap."
+The ferry over the river Severn has been before mentioned at page 63.
+Here is an inn called Beachley Passage House Inn. The time of high water
+is nearly the same as at Bristol Quay, and is always to be seen in the
+Bristol Newspapers. If the wind be northerly, this passage may be
+crossed for five hours before high-water; and if the wind be southerly
+or westerly, it may be passed for seven hours after high-water.
+
+[Sidenote: Once a place of great importance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Waller, the poet.]
+
+
+[C] BEACONSFIELD is a small place, although it is one of great
+thoroughfare, but the market is almost wholly disused; in fact, Wycombe
+and Uxbridge appear to have drawn away the business. The manor,
+anciently an estate of the Windsors, afterwards became the property of
+the Monks of Burnham Abbey, a building but a few miles distant. Edmund
+Waller, the poet, was born at Coleshill, in this neighbourhood, at which
+place see his life; he was proprietor of the very pleasing seat, called
+Hall Barns, an ancient mansion belonging to the family; he lies buried
+in the churchyard, and a monument has been erected to his memory, with a
+latin inscription, too long and too dry to be given in our work.
+Gregories, in this parish, was the seat of the celebrated Edmund Burke,
+who, for critical taste and brilliancy of language, will ever be ranked
+amongst the most fascinating of English writers. His company was sought
+for by all who could make the slightest pretension to kindred genius. He
+died in this town, and was buried in the church, where a marble tablet
+is set up, with a short inscription, to his memory. The apartments at
+Butler's Court, formerly Gregories, contained some fine paintings, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, and some valuable marbles. This seat, we believe,
+came into the possession of Mr. Burke through the friendship of Lord
+Verney and the Marquis of Rockingham, by whose munificence he was
+enabled to purchase it. The widow of the late Mr. Burke continued to
+reside at Butler's Court till the period of her death, which took place
+a few years after that of her late husband; the mansion and estate was
+afterwards purchased by James Dupre, Esq., who let the house to the
+master of a boarding-school, and in whose occupation it was destroyed by
+fire: the grounds have since been adapted to the purpose of agriculture.
+For the following interesting sketch of the illustrious and
+distinguished statesman, (Burke,) we are indebted to Dr. Watkin's
+Biographical Dictionary:--"He was born at Dublin, in 1730. His father
+was an attorney, and a Protestant. The son received his education under
+Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker, who kept a school at Ballytore, near
+Carlow, and it is recorded to the honour of Mr. Burke, that whenever he
+visited Ireland he always paid his respects to his old tutors: in 1746
+he entered as a scholar at Trinity College, which he left on taking his
+bachelor's degree in 1749, and soon after became candidate for the
+professorship of logic at Glasgow, but did not succeed. In 1753 he
+entered of the Middle Temple, where he applied more to general
+literature than to the law, and supported himself by writing for the
+booksellers. Falling ill, through too close an application to his
+studies, he removed to the house of Dr. Nugent, a physician, whose
+daughter he afterwards married. In 1756 he published a pamphlet,
+entitled, "A Vindication of Natural Society." This piece was purposely
+drawn up in the manner of Lord Bolingbroke, and for a time imposed upon
+the friends of that writer as his real productions. His next performance
+was the Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful, published in 1757. This
+philosophical piece of criticism, written in a fine and elegant style,
+procured the author a great reputation, and the esteem of the first
+literary characters of the age; the principal of whom was Dr. Johnson.
+In 1758, he suggested to Mr. Dodsley, the bookseller, the plan of the
+"Annual Register," the historical part of which he wrote for several
+years. In 1761 he went to Ireland as the companion of his friend Mr.
+Hamilton, secretary to the Earl of Halifax, then Lord-Lieutenant. That
+gentleman, who was generally known by the name of Single-speech
+Hamilton, from the circumstance of his making only one speech in
+parliament, but one of uncommon eloquence, procured him a pension of
+£300. on the Irish establishment. On his return from Ireland he was made
+private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham, First Lord of the
+Treasury, who brought him into parliament for Wendover. The Rockingham
+party continued in power but a short time, and on going out of office,
+Mr. Burke wrote a forcible pamphlet upon the subject, entitled, "A Short
+Account of a Short Administration;" after which, he became an active
+member of the opposition, as a senator and also as a writer. A pamphlet
+of his, entitled, "Thoughts on the Causes of the present Discontents,"
+excited considerable interest as a bold exposure of court intrigues and
+favourites, in controlling the operations of ministers. In the struggle
+between Great Britain and the colonies, Mr. Burke bore a distinguished
+part as an opponent to the ministry. His speeches were vehement, and had
+so powerful an influence upon the people, that the citizens of Bristol,
+in 1774, invited him to be one of their representatives, without his
+being at the least expense. But at the next election in 1780, he was
+rejected by them for having supported the Irish petition for a free
+trade, and the bill for relieving Roman Catholics. He was then returned
+for Malton, in Yorkshire. At this time he gained great popularity by his
+introduction of a bill for a reform in the national expenditure, on
+which he spent prodigious labour, but it was unsuccessful. When the
+Marquis of Rockingham returned to power on the resignation of Lord
+North, in 1782, Mr. Burke obtained the post of Paymaster-general of the
+Forces, and a seat in the Privy Council; but this was of short duration,
+for on the death of his patron, Lord Shelbourne became First Lord of the
+Treasury, and Mr. Burke, with several of his friends, resigned their
+places. In the coalition, which for a little while succeeded the
+Shelbourne administration, Mr. Burke had his share both of emolument and
+abuse. The leading particulars of his political life, after this, were
+his exertions against Mr. Hastings, in which he manifested uncommon
+industry to fasten guilt upon that gentleman, with no small share of
+personal asperity; his vigorous opposition to Mr. Pitt's design of
+forming a limited regency on the King's illness in 1788; and above all,
+his ardour against the actors and defenders of the French revolution. On
+the latter subject he evinced peculiar sagacity at the outset, and when
+many worthy men were rejoicing at the prospect of rising liberty and
+happiness to the world, Mr. Burke predicted, with remarkable precision,
+the desolation, bloodshed, anarchy, and misery which ensued. He
+displayed his detestation of the revolutionists in the House of Commons,
+and separated himself in consequence from Mr. Fox, and many other of his
+old associates. In 1790 he published his famous "Reflections on the
+Revolution in France," which attracted wonderful attention, and produced
+a surprising effect upon the public mind. Many publications appeared in
+answer to this book; the most noted of which was Paine's pamphlet,
+entitled "The Rights of Man," wherein the principles of republicanism
+were so artfully addressed to the feelings of ordinary persons, as to
+excite for a time no small alarm to the friends of government. Mr.
+Burke, after this, published a variety of pamphlets in support of his
+positions: as, "A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly;" "An
+Appeal from the New Whigs to the Old;" "Thoughts on a Regicide peace,"
+&c. His zeal on this occasion, as well as his extraordinary talents,
+recommended him to the royal favour, and he obtained a pension, which
+gave room for those who had been galled by his arguments, to reproach
+him, and some illiberal animadversions were made upon him in the senate,
+which drew from him that admirable defence, his "Letter to a Noble
+Lord," in which he retaliates upon a celebrated Duke in a strain of keen
+irony and dignified remonstrance. Mr. Burke withdrew from parliament in
+1794, leaving his seat for Malton to his son, an accomplished young man,
+who died shortly after. This melancholy event hastened his death, which
+happened the 8th of July, 1797. A little before his death he caused to
+be read to him Addison's paper in the Spectator, on the Immortality of
+the Soul. Mr. Burke was very amiable in his private life, of correct
+deportment, faithful in his attachments; charitable to the poor, and
+religious without being superstitious. He had a fine taste for the arts,
+and was fond of gardening and architecture," Bulstrode, the seat of the
+Duke of Portland, is within three miles of the town; a more detailed
+account of this elegant mansion will be given in a future portion of our
+work.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Feb. 13; and Holy Thursday, for
+   horses, cows, and sheep.--_Mail_ arrives 11.10 night; departs, 3.30
+   morning.--_Inn_, Saracen's Head.
+
+[Sidenote: The celebrated Edmund Burke.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sketch of his life.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burke's reflections on the French revolution, &c.] [Sidenote:
+His death.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+    43|Beadlam       to|N.R. York |Helmesley  3|Kirkby     2|
+    29|Beadnell      to|Northumb  |Belford    9|Aluwick   13|
+    11|Beaford       pa|Devon     |Torrington 5|Chumleigh 10|
+    45|Beaghall      to|W.R. York |Pontefract 6|Snaith     7|
+    21|Beaksbourne   pa|Kent      |Canterbury 4|Wingham    3|
+    29|Beal         ham|Durham    |Belford    8|Berwick    8|
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    43|Beadlam       to|Gillamoor             3|  225|   157|
+    29|Beadnell      to|Ellingham             8|  321|   251|
+    11|Beaford       pa|Hatherleigh           9|  200|   624|
+    45|Beaghall      to|Selby                 6|  178|   563|
+    21|Beaksbourne   pa|Dover                 2|   59|   351|
+    29|Beal         ham|Wooler                2|  330|    70|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+   Map|    Names of Places.    |  County. |Number of Miles from       |
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    36|Bealing, Great        pa|Suffolk   |Woodbridge  3|Ipswich     7|
+    36|Bealing, Little       pa|Suffolk   |...         4|...         6|
+    34|Beamhurst             ..|Stafford  |Cheadle     7|Uttoxeter   3|
+    12|Beaminster,[A] m.t. & ch|Dorset    |Dorchester 18|Bridport    6|
+    13|Beamish               to|Durham    |Gateshead   6|Durham      6|
+    45|Beamsley              to|W.R. York |Skipton     6|Addingham   2|
+    29|Beanley               to|Northumb. |Alnwick     8|Wooler      9|
+    10|Beard                 to|Derby     |Ashton      8|Manchester 15|
+    37|Bear Green            ..|Surrey    |Dorking     4|Horsham     9|
+    39|Bearly                pa|Warwick   |Stratford   4|Warwick     8|
+    21|Bearsted              pa|Kent      |Maidstone   3|Milton     10|
+    33|Bearston              to|Salop     |Drayton     4|Eccleshall  9|
+    10|Bearward-Cote         to|Derby     |Derby       6|Sudbury     8|
+    40|Beathwaite Green,    ham|Westmorlnd|Kendal      6|Millthorpe  3|
+    10|Beauchief Abbey,   e.p.l|Derby     |Sheffield   4|Dronfield   4|
+    39|Beaudesert[B]         pa|Warwick   |Henley      1|Stratford   9|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    36|Bealing, Great        pa|Wickham                8|   76|    367|
+    36|Bealing, Little       pa|...                    9|   75|    272|
+    34|Beamhurst             ..|Checkley               2|  139|       |
+    12|Beaminster,[A] m.t. & ch|Crewkerne              7|  141|   2968|
+    13|Beamish               to|Sunderland            10|  265|   1848|
+    45|Beamsley              to|Otley                 10|  215|    279|
+    29|Beanley               to|Belford               11|  314|    169|
+    10|Beard                 to|Sheffield             23|  177|    283|
+    37|Bear Green            ..|Capel                  2|   28|       |
+    39|Bearly                pa|Henley                 5|   97|    230|
+    21|Bearsted              pa|Chatham                9|   37|    594|
+    33|Bearston              to|Nantwich              12|  157|     95|
+    10|Bearward-Cote         to|Uttoxeter             13|  130|       |
+    40|Beathwaite Green,    ham|Burton                 7|  258|       |
+    10|Beauchief Abbey,   e.p.l|Chesterfield          10|  160|     85|
+    39|Beaudesert[B]         pa|Birmingham            16|  102|    199|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEAMINSTER is a town of very great antiquity; it is situated on a
+fertile spot near the banks of the small river Birt. The prebendaries of
+Salisbury were formerly lords of the manor, until the parliamentary
+commissioners (who appear to have made very free with church property)
+seized it, and for a time it passed into other hands, but it was only
+for a time: the right at length became acknowledged, and in the
+possession of the prebendaries of Sarum it now remains. This town has
+suffered much by the devastation of fire, and still more by the
+destructive sword of civil, or rather uncivil, warfare. Britton speaks
+of a record of the former being preserved in a blank leaf of an old
+Bible, in the possession of a gentleman of this town, which memorandum
+ran as follows:--"The towne of Beaminster was burnt on Palme Sunday,
+being the 14th day of April, and in the year of our Lord 1644. At the
+same time prince Maurice, being in the towne seven dayes before the
+fire, and there continued till the fire burnt him out of his quarters.
+The fire was first kindled in John Sergeant's house, in North-street; it
+was a musket discharged in the gable; and it was wild-fire, and the
+winde lying directly with the towne, the whole place was destroyed in
+two hours; and those goods for the most part which were saved out of the
+fire were carried away by the soldiers. There were seven score and four
+dwelling-houses, besides barns and stables, burnt." An eye-witness in
+Sir Thomas Fairfax's army describes it as "a place of the pitifullest
+spectacle that man can behold; hardly a house left not consumed by
+fire." Two thousand pounds were granted by the parliament to assist in
+re-building the town: this, with other sums, raised by the neighbouring
+gentry, answered the purpose. But it appears that the place was doomed
+to destruction, for in June, 1684, it was again consumed, and the loss
+is said to have amounted to £10,000.: nor did its misfortunes end here,
+for in the gusty month of March, in the year 1781, upwards of fifty
+dwelling-houses, besides barns, stables, and other buildings, were
+reduced to ruins in the short space of three hours. Mrs. Tucker founded
+a free-school here, in 1684, for the purpose of affording education to
+twenty of the poorest boys in the town; three or four of these boys were
+to be apprenticed annually, and it is necessary that one of these, at
+least, should become a seaman. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Hood, father of Lord
+Hood, was master of this school in the year 1715. The inhabitants are
+principally engaged in the manufacture of sail-cloth, and in the
+production of iron, tin, and copper ware. The work-house is a large
+commodious building; formerly an alms-house.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, April 4; September 19, for horses,
+   sheep, and cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Destroyed by fire in 1644.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt down in 1684, and again in 1781.]
+
+
+[B] BEAUDESERT. This place is situated in the hundred of Barlichway. The
+church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and exhibits some good specimens of
+ancient architecture. The village was the birth-place of Richard Jago,
+the poet, who was the son of the rector: he was born in 1715, and was
+educated at Solihull grammar-school, about eleven miles distant from
+this place. His first poetical production which attracted notice was an
+"Elegy on the Death of a Blackbird," and this was followed by a poem,
+descriptive of the "Battle of Edgehill," which is considered the most
+finished of his works: the subject was in all probability suggested by
+his residence in the neighbourhood of the scene of action. He died on
+the 8th of April, 1781.
+
+   Map|Names of Places. |County. |Number of Miles from        |
+   +--+------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+    16|Beaulieu[A]   pa. |Hants    |Lymington    7|Hythe     5|
+    23|Beau Manor ex. pl.|Leicester|Mount Sorrel 3|Loughboro 3|
+   +--+------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+                                                  |Dist. |
+   Map|Names of Places.  |Number of Miles from    |Lond. |Population.
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+------+----+
+    16|Beaulieu[A]   pa. |Southampton            7|    82|1298|
+    23|Beau Manor ex. pl.|Leicester              8|   106|  98|
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+------+----+
+
+
+[A] BEAULIEU. The river Exe, over which there is a bridge, is navigable
+up to this village. Here is a manufacture of coarse sacking. The ruins
+of Beaulieu Abbey are beautifully situated on the eastern banks of the
+river. The delightful valley which surrounds these venerable remains, is
+of a circular form, bounded by well-wooded hills, and in itself,
+consists of a rich variety of ground. The Abbey was founded, A.D. 1204,
+by King John, for monks of the Cistercian order; a class of friars to
+which that monarch had been previously particularly adverse. The king,
+it is said, after various oppressive measures exercised against the
+Cistercians, summoned the Abbots and principals of that order, to
+Lincoln, whither they hastened, flattering themselves that he would
+there confer upon them some marks of his grace and favor. Instead of
+this, say the monkish historians, "the savage monarch ordered the Abbots
+to be trodden to death, by horses: but none of his attendants being
+found sufficiently cruel to obey the sanguinary command, the
+ecclesiastics, dreadfully alarmed, retired hastily to their inn. In the
+course of the ensuing night, when the monarch slumbered on his bed, he
+dreamt that he was standing before a Judge, accompanied by the
+Cistercian Abbots, who were commanded to scourge him severely with rods
+and thongs; and when he awoke in the morning, he declared that he still
+felt the smart of the beating. On relating this dream to a certain
+ecclesiastic of his court, he was advised to crave pardon of the Abbots,
+whom he had before so barbarously treated; and assured, that the
+Almighty had been infinitely merciful to him, in thus revealing the
+mysteries of his dispensations, and affording him paternal correction.
+The king, adopting this counsel, ordered the Abbots to attend him; and,
+contrary to their expectations, received them with kindness:" and the
+remembrance of his dream still continuing to influence his conduct, he
+shortly after granted a charter for the foundation of the Abbey of
+Beaulieu. It was greatly enriched by succeeding grants; and at the
+Dissolution, its possessions were estimated at the annual value of £428.
+6s. 8d. The manor of Beaulieu, with all its rights, privileges, and
+appurtenances, (the rectory and right of patronage excepted), was
+granted to Thomas Wriothesley, Esq. afterwards Earl of Southampton. The
+circumference of the manor embraces an extent of 28 miles, and the clear
+annual revenue amounts to between £4000 and £5000. The immediate
+precincts of the Abbey were encircled by a stone wall, the remains of
+which are richly mantled with ivy. An edifice, nearly square, now called
+the palace, but originally built for the Abbot's lodging, was converted
+into a family seat after the Dissolution. Over the entrance is a
+canopied niche, in which stood the image of the Virgin Mary. The hall is
+a well proportioned room, handsomely vaulted, the ribs springing from
+pilasters, and spreading over the roof in beautiful ramifications.
+Eastward from this edifice is a long building, supposed from the extent
+and height of the apartments, to have been the dormitory; beneath it are
+several good cellars. The ancient kitchen is also standing, and near it
+is the refectory, a plain stone edifice, with strong buttresses: this is
+now the parish church of Beaulieu; the Abbey church, which stood to the
+north-east, having been entirely destroyed. On the west side is the
+ancient rostrum, or pulpit, from which lectures were read when the monks
+were assembled at their meals below. The site of the Abbey Church may be
+traced by the unevenness of the ground; but not a vestige of the
+building is remaining. Fragments of demolished tombs are occasionally
+dug up here, this having been the burial-place of various illustrious
+and noble personages, and among them, Queen Eleanor, mother of King
+John. Some traces of the cloisters are yet distinguishable. Whilst
+Beaulieu Abbey was invested with the privilege of a sanctuary, its walls
+afforded a temporary protection to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry
+VI.; who, returning from the continent, in expectation of being
+reinstated in her former dignity, was informed of the imprisonment of
+her husband, the destruction of his army, and the death of the Earl of
+Warwick, and the elevation to the throne of Edward IV. Another
+celebrated fugitive, to whom this abbey afforded sanctuary, was Perkin
+Warbeck, who, after many vicissitudes, was executed at Tyburn, in 1499.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey founded by King John.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king's singular dream.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manor extends 28 miles.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burial place of Queen Eleanor.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.  |County.   | Number of Miles from |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+----------+
+    47|Beaumaris[A]  m.t.|Anglesea  |Bangor    7|Aber     6|
+     9|Beaumont       pa.|Cumberland|Carlisle  5|Gretna   7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+----------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.  |Number of Miles from  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+    47|Beaumaris[A]  m.t.|Holyhead            22|  251| 2497|
+     9|Beaumont       pa.|Longtown             8|  306|  276|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEAUMARIS, though but a small place, is the capital of the island;
+it is finely situated on a low shore, called Beaumaris Bay. The present
+town appears to have originated from the circumstance of a castle having
+been erected here about the close of the 13th century, by Edward I. It
+lies close to the town, covering a large space of ground, in a low
+situation. Its erection was subsequent to its proud rivals Conway and
+Caernarvon. The necessity of the present castle arose from Rhyddlan,
+upon the opposite shore, being often possessed by the Welsh princes. It
+appears to have been the last of the three great fortresses erected by
+Edward. On the conquest of Wales in 1295, he fixed upon this spot with a
+view of surrounding it with a fosse, for the double purpose of defence,
+and bringing small craft to unload their cargoes under its walls, by a
+canal, part of which was, till lately, remaining. From the period of its
+erection to the time of Charles I., it does not appear to have been at
+all conspicuous on the page of history. A communication was made between
+various parts of the inner court, by means of a surrounding gallery,
+about six feet wide, a considerable portion of which is yet entire.
+Within recesses, in the sides of the gallery, are several square
+apertures, apparently once furnished with trap doors, which opened into
+rooms beneath; but their use has not been ascertained. Mr. Grose thinks
+they might have been used for the purposes of imprisonment. A tennis,
+fives court, and bowling-green, have been formed within the interior.
+The town of Beaumaris was surrounded with walls, for its defence, and
+placed under the government of a corporation, endowed with various
+privileges and lands. Mr. Lloyd supposes, from local tokens being
+circulated by opulent tradesmen, about the year 1650, of which he had
+several in his possession, that it was a place of considerable traffic.
+The present town consists of several streets, of which one terminated by
+the castle is handsome, and the houses are generally well built.
+Beaumaris is much frequented during the summer months, by numerous
+genteel families, attracted by the pleasantness of this part of the
+island, and to avail themselves of the benefit of sea-bathing. The
+parochial church is a handsome structure, consisting of a chancel, nave,
+and two aisles, with a large square embattled tower. In the vestry
+adjoining were deposited the remains of lady Beatrice Herbert, daughter
+of the celebrated mirror of chivalry, the Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Near
+which lies interred the Rev. Gronwy Davies, with an inscription
+concluding as follows:
+
+   "Here lies learning, friendship, love;
+   And innocency of the dove.
+   Within this grave and in the dust
+   His ever courteous body must
+   Until the resurrection lie;
+   Then he shall live and death shall die."
+
+The free-school was erected and liberally endowed by David Hughes, Esq.,
+in the year 1603, who ten years afterwards founded also an excellent
+alms-house for six poor persons, to whom he granted small annuities. He
+was born about the middle of the 16th century, in a cottage now in
+ruins. He left the island early in life, in a very humble station, but
+by prudence and propriety of conduct, he made a decent fortune.
+
+   "'T is here the active worth of Hughes appears,
+   A blessed asylum for the wreck of years!
+   If there his views the opening mind engage,
+   Here he supports the trembling limbs of age;
+   His breast embrac'd within his godlike plan,
+   At once the morn and evening hours of man!
+   And ye who here his lasting bounty share,
+   Whose tranquil days decline without a care!
+   If still, as night shall close, day greet your eyes,
+   No grateful aspirations reach the skies,
+   Indignant heaven beholds you with a frown,
+   Nor gives the ingrate, life's immortal crown."   LLOYD.
+
+The old town-hall, built in 1563, has been taken down, and under the
+patronage of Lord Viscount Bulkeley, another more elegant has been
+erected upon its site. The town, re-incorporated in the 4th year of
+Elizabeth, is governed by a mayor, recorder, two bailiffs, twenty-four
+burgessess, two serjeants at mace, a town clerk, jailor, four
+constables, and a water-bailiff. The county hall is a small low
+building, being neither conveniently formed nor respectable in its
+appearance. The custom-house stands upon the green near the edge of the
+water. Beaumaris bay consists of an expansive opening in front of the
+town, so sheltered by the island of Priesholme and the great Ormeshead,
+as to allow vessels of considerable burden to ride in safety, during the
+most stormy weather. The depth of water near the town, at ebb-tide, is
+from six to seven fathoms, but the channel scarcely exceeds a quarter of
+a mile in breadth. The greater part of the bay is left dry for several
+miles when the tide is out, which part is called the Lavan Sands. These
+once formed a habitable hundred, belonging to the territory of Arson.
+They were formerly called Wylofaen, or the place of Weeping, from the
+shrieks and lamentations of the inhabitants at the time when the land
+was overwhelmed by the sea. Lavan is a corruption of Traeth Talaven, or
+the fermented heap, allusive to the boiling up of water in the
+quicksands. The ferry was granted by charter to the corporation in the
+4th year of Elizabeth: it lies near the town. The place of embarking or
+landing is the point anciently known under the appellation of Penrhyn
+Safness, but afterwards Osmund's Air, from a malefactor, who on his way
+to execution, being asked where he was going, answered, "To take the
+air." The walk over the sand at low water is firm and good; they should
+be passed three hours after high water, and will be safe for four hours;
+or in other words, two hours before low water and two after. Precautions
+are essentially necessary to be taken, for near the times of the sands
+being covered by the sea they are frequently shifting, and in many
+places become so watery or quick, as to have proved both dangerous and
+fatal. This way is equally perilous in foggy weather, but as some
+persons are necessitated to pass in every season, the large bell at Aber
+is humanely rung, to direct them towards the sound.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Feb. 13, Holy Thursday,
+   Sept. 19, and Dec. 19, for cattle.--_Inn_, Bull's Head.
+
+[Sidenote: Chief town in Anglesea.]
+
+[Sidenote: Much frequented in summer.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its government.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lavan sands]
+
+[Sidenote: Caution.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County. |  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+    14|Beaumont          pa|Essex    |Manningtree  7|Colchester 16|
+    13|Beaumont Hill     to|Durham   |Darlington   4|Sedgefield  9|
+    23|BeaumontLeys  ex. pl|Leicester|Leicester    2|Belgrave    1|
+    38|Beauport            |Sussex   |Battle       3|Hastings    5|
+    39|Beausall         ham|Warwick  |Warwick      6|Kenilworth  4|
+    16|Beaworth          ti|Southamp.|Alresford    5|Bis Waltham 7|
+    11|Beaworthy         pa|Devon    |Hatherleigh  7|Holsworthy  9|
+     7|Bebbington, Upper to|Chester  |Great Neston 7|Liverpool   6|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    14|Beaumont          pa|Harwich                9|   67|    452|
+    13|Beaumont Hill     to|Stockton              11|  245|       |
+    23|BeaumontLeys  ex. pl|Grooby                 4|  100|     28|
+    38|Beauport            |Robertsbridg           9|   59|       |
+    39|Beausall         ham|Solihull               9|   96|       |
+    16|Beaworth          ti|Winchester             5|   62|    156|
+    11|Beaworthy         pa|Oakhampton             9|  204|    339|
+     7|Bebbington, Upper to|Chester               13|  201|    273|
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County. |Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+     7|Bebbington, Low. t & p|Chester  |Great Neston 5|Liverpool 7|
+    29|Bebside             to|Northumb |Morpeth      6|Blyth     4|
+    36|Beccles[A]        m.t.|Suffolk  |Yarmouth    15|Norwich  18|
+    22|Beconsall         chap|Lancaster|Ormskirk    11|Chorley   8|
+     7|Bechton             to|Chester  |Sandbach     2|Congleton 4|
+    33|Beckbury            pa|Salop    |Bridgenorth  7|Shiffnal  5|
+    21|Beckenham[B]        pa|Kent     |Croydon      5|Lewisham  4|
+    24|Beckering             |Lincoln  |Wragby       1|Holton    1|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+     7|Bebbington, Low. t & p|Chester               13|  201|  440|
+    29|Bebside             to|Horton                 1|  287|  100|
+    36|Beccles[A]        m.t.|Bungay                 6|  112| 3862|
+    22|Beconsall         chap|Preston                8|  216|  476|
+     7|Bechton             to|Lawton                 4|  160|  818|
+    33|Beckbury            pa|Madeley                5|  140|  307|
+    21|Beckenham[B]        pa|Bromley                2|    9| 1288|
+    24|Beckering             |Lincoln               12|  145|     |
+   +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BECCLES is a large and well-built town, situated on the river
+Waveny, which is navigable from this place to Yarmouth, and divides in
+its course the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. It is governed by a
+portreeve and thirty-six burgesses, the office of the former being held
+in rotation by twelve of the latter. The church is gothic, with a
+steeple, containing twelve bells, and a porch, which is considered a
+fine specimen of the florid gothic. The ruins of Endgate church may be
+seen out of the town, but the inhabitants of the village appear to have
+been long esteemed parishioners of Beccles. Here is a theatre, a town
+hall, a jail, and a free school, endowed with 100 acres of land, in the
+reign of James I.; and a good grammar-school founded by Dr. Falconberge,
+and endowed with an estate, then worth forty pounds per annum, although
+now considerably increased in value. Near the town is a large common, on
+which the inhabitants of the town have the privilege of feeding their
+cattle on easy terms. In 1586 a fire consumed eighty houses in this
+place, and property to the amount of £20,000.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit Monday, June 29, and October 2,
+   for horses and pedlary.--_Bankers_, Gurney and Co., draw on Barclay
+   and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.15 morning; departs 3.45
+   afternoon.--_Inns_, King's Head, and White Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Fine gothic church.]
+
+
+[B] BECKENHAM. The church of this village is a neat edifice, containing
+many monuments of the Style, Raymond, Burrell, and other families. On a
+slab in the chancel, is a remarkable brass, to the memory of dame
+Margaret, wife of Sir William Dalsell, Knt., and daughter of John
+Barnes. Esq., of Redhall, in Norfolk, who died 1563: she is represented
+in a flowered petticoat, and close-bodied gown; the sleeves slashed at
+the shoulders, and hanging down to the feet. Here is also the monument
+of Mrs. Jane Clarke, wife of Dr. Clarke, physician at Epsom, with an
+elegant inscription, by Gray. The parish register, under the date of
+Oct. 24, 1740, also records the burial of Margaret Finch, who lived to
+the age of 109 years. She was one of the people called gipsies, and had
+the title of their queen. After travelling over various parts of the
+kingdom, during the greater part of a century, she settled at Norwood,
+whither her great age, and the fame of her fortune-telling, attracted
+numerous visitors. From a habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin
+resting on her knees, the sinews at length became so contracted, that
+she could not rise from that posture: after her death, they were obliged
+to inclose her body in a deep square box. Her funeral was attended by
+two mourning coaches: a sermon was preached upon the occasion, and a
+great concourse of people attended the ceremony. Her picture adorns the
+sign-post of a house of public entertainment in Norwood, called the
+Gipsy House. Beckenham-place, the seat of John Cator, Esq., is partly in
+the parish of Bromley; but the mansion itself is in that of Beckenham.
+Rear-Admiral Sir Piercy Brett, who died in 1781, (and with his lady,
+lies buried in the church,) resided here. The estate, which had long
+been owned by the St. Johns, was alienated to the Cators, in 1773. The
+house is a handsome building, commanding a beautiful prospect. Kent
+House, the ancient seat of the Lethieullers, in Beckenham parish, is now
+occupied as a farm: the estate belongs to J.J. Angerstein, Esq. Clay
+Hill, or the Oakery, also in this parish, was the property of the late
+learned Edward King, Esq., F.R., and A.S. This gentleman, who was a
+native of Norfolk, was elected president of the Society of Antiquaries
+on the decease of Dr. Milles, in 1784; but, on the succeeding election
+in the year following, he was obliged to relinquish the chair to the
+Earl of Leicester, after an unprecedented contest. He was the author of
+various works; the principal of which are, his "Observations on Ancient
+Castles;" "Morsels of Criticism," tending to illustrate the Scriptures;
+and the "Monumenta Antiqua." He died in 1806, at the age of 72.
+
+[Sidenote: Queen of the gipsies died here, at the age of 109.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County.  |     Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+     9|Beckermet,  St.        |          |               |             |
+      | Bridgetts           pa|Cumberland|Egremont      3|Ravenglass 10|
+     9|Beckermet, St. Johns pa|Cumberland|              4|            9|
+     4|Becket               ti|Berks     |Farringdon    6|Highworth   4|
+    15|Beckford             pa|Gloucester|Tewkesbury    5|Sedgeberrow 4|
+    27|Beckham, East        pa|Norfolk   |Cromer        5|Holt        5|
+    27|Beckham, West        pa|Norfolk   | ...          5|  ...       5|
+    41|Beckhampton[A]       ti|Wilts     |Marlbro'      7|Devizes     8|
+    24|Beckingham           pa|Lincoln   |Newark        5|Leadenham   5|
+    30|Beckingham           pa|Nottingham|Gainsbro'     3|E. Retford  7|
+    34|Beckington[B]        pa|Somerset  |Frome         3|Trowbridge  6|
+    31|Beckley              pa|Oxford    |Oxford        5|Islip       3|
+    38|Beckley              pa|Sussex    |Rye           7|Newenden    3|
+    45|Beckwith Shaw          |York      |West End      4|Otley       7|
+    44|Bedale[C]     m.t. & pa|N.R. York |Northallerton 8|Leeming     3|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----+-------+
+     9|Beckermet,  St.        |                          |     |       |
+      | Bridgetts           pa|Whitehaven               9|  291|    545|
+     9|Beckermet, St. Johns pa|                        10|  290|    549|
+     4|Becket               ti|Lambourne               10|   73|       |
+    15|Beckford             pa|Evesham                  7|  106|    433|
+    27|Beckham, East        pa|Aylesham                 9|  124|     50|
+    27|Beckham, West        pa| ...                     9|  124|    156|
+    41|Beckhampton[A]       ti|Calne                    6|   81|       |
+    24|Beckingham           pa|Sleaford                14|  126|     43|
+    30|Beckingham           pa|Bawtry                  10|  152|    481|
+    34|Beckington[B]        pa|Bath                    10|  105|   1340|
+    31|Beckley              pa|Forest-hill              3|   53|    776|
+    38|Beckley              pa|Lamberhurst             16|   56|   1477|
+    45|Beckwith Shaw          |Ripley                   5|   64|       |
+    44|Bedale[C]     m.t. & pa|Richmond                10|  223|   2707|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BECKHAMPTON. Near this place is an enormous tumulus, perhaps the
+largest in England; it is called Silbury Hill, and common belief
+declares it the place of sepulchre of some British king. The two
+antiquaries, Greethead and Stukeley differ, as antiquaries frequently
+do, with regard to which of the British monarchs the honor of being
+supposed to lie beneath this stupendous monument should belong. The
+former learned writer asserting it to be that of Prydain, and the latter
+calling it that of Cynneda. Scattered over the neighbouring downs are
+numerous large stones called the Grey Wethers; they bear this name from
+their resemblance to a flock of sheep. Beckhampton Inn, stands at the
+junction of the two great Mail roads, leading from London to Bath; the
+southern road passing through Devizes and Melksham; and the northern
+through Calne and Chippenham. The inn is a large brick building, but has
+a most desolate appearance, according well with the character of the
+gloomy downs on the margin of which it stands; yet the traveller would
+do well to refresh here, as there is but little accommodation for many
+miles beyond.
+
+   The Falmouth Mail which passes through Devizes, arrives 5.5 morning;
+   departs 9.20 night. The Bristol Mail which passes through Calne,
+   arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.35 night.
+
+[Sidenote: Silbury Hill.]
+
+
+[B] BECKINGTON was formerly a place of much importance in the clothing
+business, but the decline of that trade in the west of England has much
+reduced the town. It was the birth-place of Thomas Beckington, an
+English prelate, who was one of the three appointed to draw up a code of
+laws in conformity with which the Wickliffites were to be proceeded
+against. His book against the salique law is still in the possession of
+the Lambeth library.
+
+
+[C] BEDALE is a tolerably well built town, situated in a rich valley,
+which with the surrounding country is exceedingly fertile, and both corn
+and grass yield abundant crops. The town lies to the west of the Great;
+Glasgow road, about two miles from Leeming Lane. Hornby Castle, the seat
+of the Duke of Leeds, deserves the admiration of the tourist. Bedale
+church is a large and handsome edifice, and the tower is said to have
+been constructed with so much strength, as to enable the inhabitants to
+defend themselves therein, during the inroads of the Scots.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday; June 6 and
+   7; July 5 and 6, for horses, cattle, sheep, leather, &c.; Oct. 11 and
+   12, horned cattle, sheep, hogs and leather; and Monday-week before
+   Christmas, for horned cattle and sheep. The Glasgow Mail arrives at
+   Leeming Lane, two miles distant 7.54 evening; departs 4.58
+   morning.--_Inns_, Black Swan, and the Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Leeds.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. | County.  | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    13|Bedburn, North to|Durham    |Bis. Auckld 6|Wolsingham 4|
+    13|Bedburn, South to|Durham    | ...        6| ...       4|
+    50|Beddgelart[A]  pa|Caernarvon|Caernarvon 12|Bettws     7|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    13|Bedburn, North to|Durham                12|  254|   387|
+    13|Bedburn, South to| ...                  12|  254|   296|
+    50|Beddgelart[A]  pa|Tan-y-Bwlch            8|  223|  1071|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDDGELART, is situated in a beautiful tract of meadows, at the
+junction of three vales, near the conflux of the Glas Lyn, or Gwynant,
+or Nant hwynant, and the Colwyn, which flows through Nant Colwyn, a vale
+which leads to Caernarvon. Its situation was the fittest in the world,
+says Mr. Pennant, to inspire religious meditation, amid lofty mountains,
+woods, and murmuring streams. The church is small, yet the loftiest in
+Snowdonia. The east window consists of three narrow slips. The roof is
+neat, and there yet remains some very pretty fret work. A side chapel is
+supported by two neat pillars and gothic arches. This church has been
+conventual, belonging to a priory of Augustines, dedicated to the
+Virgin. They were probably of the class called Gilbertines, consisting
+of both men and women, living under the same roof, but divided by a
+wall, as a piece of ground near the church is called Dol y Llein (the
+meadow of the nun). No remnant of the priory however exists. The ground
+on the south side of the church seems to have been the spot whereon the
+buildings stood which the monks formerly inhabited. There are two or
+three arched doors on that side the church, through which probably the
+friars entered. The ancient mansion-house near the church might have
+been the residence of the prior. In this house is shown an old pewter
+mug, that will hold upwards of two quarts; and any person able to grasp
+it with one hand, while full of ale, and to drink it off at one draught,
+is entitled to the liquor gratis, and the tenant is to charge it to the
+lord of the manor as part payment of his rent. Tradition says, that
+Llewelyn the Great came to reside at Beddgelart during the hunting
+season, with his wife and children; and one day, the family being
+absent, a wolf had entered the house. On returning, his greyhound,
+called Ciliart, met him, wagging his tail, but covered with blood. The
+prince being alarmed, ran into the nursery, and found the cradle in
+which the child had lain covered with blood. Imagining the greyhound had
+killed the child, he immediately drew his sword and slew him, but on
+turning up the cradle, he found under it the child alive, and the wolf
+dead. This so affected the prince, that he erected a tomb over his
+faithful dog's grave, where, afterwards, the parish church was built,
+and called from this accident, Bedd-Cilihart, or the grave of Cilihart.
+In the Welch annals this region is styled the forest of Snowdon. It is a
+subject of great regret to most tourists, that many of the rocks which
+surround Beddgelart, though once covered with oaks, are now naked. One
+proprietor, however, is raising new plantations upon his estate.
+Snowdonia, though once a forest, contains now scarcely a tree. Salmon is
+very plentiful here, selling sometimes as low as three-farthings a
+pound; the average price is about four-pence. The best land lets at 20s.
+an acre; but the average of the neighbourhood is from 2s. 6d. to 5s.,
+with unlimited right of common upon the mountains. In this little plain
+is an almost inexhaustible turbary, or right of digging turf. There is a
+comfortable inn at this place, called Beddgelart Hotel. It is marked by
+the emblem of the goat, with the following appropriate motto. "Patria
+mea Petra." My country is a rock. The guide to the mountains is the
+harper of the house; or a resident in the village. William Lloyd, the
+schoolmaster of this place, was long noted as an intelligent "conductor
+to Snowdon, Moel Hebog, Dinas Emrys, Llanberis pass, the lakes,
+waterfalls, &c.; he was also a collector of crystals, fossils, and
+natural curiosities found in these regions. Dealer in superfine woollen
+hose, socks, gloves, &c.," but in the year 1804, he finally emerged from
+all sublunary avocations, to the regions beyond the grave. Opposite to
+the village of Beddgelart, is Moel Hebog (the hill of flight) which Lord
+Lyttelton ascended. [see Festiniog.] In a bog near that mountain, was
+found in 1784, a most curious brass shield, which was deposited with Mr.
+Williams, of Llanidan; its diameter was two feet two inches, the weight
+four pounds; in the centre was a plain umbo projecting above two inches;
+the surface was marked with twenty-seven smooth concentric elevated
+circles, and between each a depressed space of the same breadth with the
+elevated parts, marked by a single row of smooth studs. The whole shield
+was flat and very flexible. This was probably Roman, for the Welsh
+despised every species of defensive armour. In ascending the summit of
+Snowdon from this place, a neighbouring vale is passed, which is by far
+the most beautiful of the vales among these mountains. It is about six
+miles long, and affords a great variety of wood, lakes, and meadows. The
+vale of Llanberis is the only one which may be said to rival it; but
+their characters are so different, that they cannot with propriety be
+compared. On the left, about a mile and a half up the valley, is a lofty
+wood-clad rock, called the fort of Ambrosius, or Merlin Ermys, a
+magician who was sent for to this place from Caermarthen, by Vortigern,
+who was king of Britain from 449 to 466. Upon its summit is a level
+piece of ground, and the remains of a square fort; and upon the west
+side, facing Beddgelart, there are traces of a long wall. It stands
+detached from other rocks, and at a distance appears in the form of a
+man's hat. Adjoining is a stony tract called the cells or groves of the
+magicians. In the next field, a number of large stones are called the
+tombs of the magicians. It was to this place that Vortigern retired,
+when he found himself despised by his subjects, and unable to contend
+longer with the treacherous Saxons, whom he had introduced into his
+kingdom. It is probable that this insular rock afforded him a temporary
+residence till he removed to his final retreat in Nant Gwrtheyrn, or
+Vortigern's Valley. Speed says, probably without truth, that Vortigern
+married his own child by Rowena, daughter of Hengist, the Saxon prince,
+and had by her one son. There is a tradition, that Madog, the son of
+prince Owen Gwynedd, resided in this vale for some time before he left
+his country for America. The entrance from Beddgelart, is but the
+breadth of a narrow rugged road, close by the river's side, in which
+there is nothing inviting; but passing on, the traveller advances upon
+enchanted ground, where he finds extensive meadows, expanding at every
+turn of rock, smooth as a bowling green; beautiful lakes and meandering
+rivers, abounding in fish; mountains towering one above the other in
+succession, while to the left, Snowdon overtops them all, seeming like
+another Atlas, to support the firmament. Mr. Pennant, says he continued
+his walk along a narrow path above the lake, as far as the extremity;
+then descending, reached the opposite side, in order to encounter a
+third ascent, as arduous as the preceding. This brought him into the
+horrible crater immediately beneath the great precipice of Wyddfa; its
+situation is dreadful, surrounded by more than three parts of a circle,
+with the most horrible precipices of the highest peak of Snowdon. The
+strange break, called the pass of the Arrows, was probably a station for
+the hunters to watch the wandering of the deer. The margin of
+Ffynmon-las here appeared to be shallow and gravelly, the waters had a
+greenish cast, but what is very singular, the rocks reflected into them
+seemed varied with stripes of the richest colours, like the most
+beautiful lute-strings, and changed almost to infinity. Here he observed
+the wheat-ear, a small and seemingly tender bird, and yet almost the
+only small one, or indeed the only one, (except the rock-ouzel) that
+frequents these heights; the reason is evidently the want of food. The
+mountainous tract near Snowdon, scarcely yields any corn; the produce is
+cattle and sheep, which during summer they keep very high in the
+mountains, followed by their owners with their families, who reside
+during that season in their Havod-dai, or summer dwelling, or dairy
+houses, as the farmers in the Swiss Alps do in their Sennes. These
+houses consist of a long low room, with a hole at one end to let out the
+smoke, from the fire which is made beneath. Their furniture is very
+simple, stones are the substitutes for stools, and the beds are of hay,
+ranged along the sides: they manufacture their own clothes and dye them
+with plants, collected from the rocks. During summer, the men pass their
+time in harvest work, or tending their herds; the women in milking, or
+making butter and cheese of the milk for their own consumption. The diet
+of these mountaineers is very plain, consisting of butter, cheese and
+oat bread; their drink is whey, not but that they have their reserve of
+a few bottles of very strong beer, by way of cordial, in sickness. They
+are people of good understanding, wary, and circumspect; usually tall,
+thin, and of strong constitutions, from their way of living. Towards
+winter, they descend to their old dwelling, where they lead, during that
+season, a vacant life, in carding, spinning, knitting, &c. The height of
+Snowdon is 3571 feet.
+
+[Sidenote: Nant Colwyn.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient pewter mug.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition of a wolf and child.]
+
+[Sidenote: Guide to the mountains.]
+
+[Sidenote: Brass shield found.]
+
+[Sidenote: Groves of the magicians.]
+
+[Sidenote: Snowdon.]
+
+[Sidenote: The pass of the Arrows.]
+
+[Sidenote: The summer habits of the mountaineers.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+    38|Beddingham        pa|Sussex   |Lewes       3|Seaford   8|
+    37|Beddington   pa & to|Surrey   |Croydon     2|Sutton    3|
+    36|Bedfield          pa|Suffolk  |Framlingham 5|Debenham  5|
+    25|Bedfont, East     pa|Middlesex|Staines     3|Hounslow  4|
+    25|Bedfont, West     pa|Middlesex| ...        3| ...      4|
+     3|Bedfordshire[A]     |         |             |           |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------------+-----+
+    38|Beddingham        pa|Brighton              9|   53|  264|
+    37|Beddington   pa & to|Ewell                 6|   11| 1429|
+    36|Bedfield          pa|Eye                   9|   88|  323|
+    25|Bedfont, East     pa|Colnbrook             6|   13|  968|
+    25|Bedfont, West     pa|...                   6| ... |     |
+     3|Bedfordshire[A]     |                       |     |95383|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEDFORDSHIRE. This county, before the Roman invasion, was part of
+the district inhabited by a race of people whom the invaders denominated
+Cassii. Afterwards, in A.D. 310, it was a third part of the division
+named Flavia Cæsariensis. After that, it was attached to the kingdom of
+Mercia. In 827 it became subject to the West Saxons. It was first called
+Bedfordshire in the reign of Alfred the Great, probably from Bedan
+Forda: i.e. The Fortress on the Ford; there being fortifications on the
+borders of the river Ouse. It is an inland county, bounded on the north
+by Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire; west by Buckinghamshire; south
+by Bucks and Herts; and east by Herts and Cambridgeshire. Its form
+approaches an irregular parallelogram, with many deep and almost
+isolated indentations. The extent is about 36 miles in the greatest
+length, and the greatest breadth about 22 miles; it contains 465 square
+miles; circumference about 95 miles. It is divided into 9 hundreds, 125
+parishes, 10 market towns, 58 vicarages, 550 villages, having a total
+population of 95,383 inhabitants. It belongs to the Norfolk circuit, and
+is in the diocese of Lincoln; subject to an archdeaconal jurisdiction,
+being divided into six deaneries. The climate is deemed mild and genial.
+The prevailing winds south westerly; the north east winds being regarded
+as indicating a cold summer and a severe winter. The soil is of an
+exceedingly mixed and varied character; but much the greatest portion is
+of a clayey nature, particularly in parts north of Bedford. The south
+districts are chalky. A slip extending diagonally from Woburn to near
+Biggleswade is a mixed sand; an almost equal portion from the vicinity
+of Biggleswade to the neighbourhood of Bedford, partakes of a rich
+gravelly soil; part of which, near the town of Biggleswade and village
+of Sandy, is successfully cultivated for the production of garden
+vegetables to a considerable extent. So peculiarly is that soil adapted
+for such produce, that it is in some instances let for more than £14.
+per acre; and generally from £4. to £9. may be considered as a fair rent
+for that luxuriant soil. There can be no standard or real average as to
+the value of land; as the value, like the soil itself, is exceedingly
+variable. Rivers.--The Ouse and the Ivel are the chief; both of which
+abound with fish of various kinds. The Ouse is remarkable for very great
+and sudden inundations. The Grand Junction Canal skirts this county at
+Leighton Buzzard. The natural produce consists chiefly in corn, garden
+vegetables, cheese and butter. There is a little ironstone, limestone,
+and a few extraneous fossils. There are several mineral springs, but
+none of any celebrity. The principal landed proprietor is the Duke of
+Bedford. His Grace possesses estates in about 25 parishes; under the
+auspices of whom and of his illustrious brother, the county is indebted
+for immense agricultural improvements.
+
+[Sidenote: An inland county.]
+
+[Sidenote: Climate mild.]
+
+[Sidenote: Value of the land.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+     3|Bedford[A]    bo|Bedford   |St. Albans 30|Oxford    55|
+    22|Bedford       to|Lancaster |Newton      7|Leigh      2|
+    16|Bedhampton    pa|Hants     |Havant      1|Fareham    9|
+    36|Bedingfield   pa|Suffolk   |Eye         4|Debenham   4|
+    27|Bedingham     pa|Norfolk   |Bungay      4|Harleston  7|
+    16|Bedlam        pa|Gloucester|Cheltenham  2|Gloucester 7|
+   +---+---------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+     3|Bedford[A]    bo|Cambridge             30|   51|  6959|
+    22|Bedford       to|Bolton                 7|  199|  3087|
+    16|Bedhampton    pa|Chichester            10|   66|   537|
+    36|Bedingfield   pa|Framlingham            9|   87|   332|
+    27|Bedingham     pa|Norwich               10|  106|   380|
+    16|Bedlam        pa|Tewkesbury             7|   96|      |
+   +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDFORD. This is an ancient corporation, the earliest charter of
+which is dated in 1160. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen,
+two chamberlains, and thirteen common councilmen. Whoever may have been
+a mayor is always afterwards reputed as an alderman. The mayor and
+bailiffs are chosen annually out of the freemen. As early as the year
+1295, it sent two members to parliament. The Duke of Bedford takes his
+title from this town, which first gave title of duke to the victorious
+prince John Plantagenet, Regent of France, during the minority of his
+nephew, Henry VI. as it did in the reign of Edward IV. first to John
+Nevil, Marquis of Montacute, and then to the king's third son, George
+Plantagenet; but he dying an infant, the title lay vacant till Henry
+VII. created his uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, who also died
+without issue; and thus far the title was enjoyed by the first possessor
+only of each family. But King Edward VI. making John, Lord Russel, Earl
+of Bedford, the dignity has ever since been in that illustrious house,
+with an advancement of it to the title of Duke, by King William III. The
+history of the noble family of Russell is curious and interesting. They
+appear to have originated in Dorsetshire, and owe their greatness to an
+accident on that coast. In the reign of Henry VII., Philip, Archduke of
+Austria, being bound for Spain, the heiress of which kingdom he had
+married, was obliged by a storm to put on shore at Weymouth, where he
+was received by Sir Thomas Frenchard, of Wolverton, Knt., who, till he
+could inform the court of the event, sent for his neighbour Mr. John
+Russell, then lately returned from his travels, to entertain his
+illustrious guests. The Archduke was so pleased with his conversation,
+that he recommended him to the king of England, who soon advanced him to
+several honourable posts, and his son Henry VIII. created him Baron
+Russell of Cheneys, in the county of Bucks, which estate he afterwards
+acquired by marriage. He was made by Henry VIII. lord warden of the
+stannaries, and lord admiral of England and Ireland, knight of the
+garter, and lord privy seal. In the reign of Edward VI. he was lord high
+steward for the coronation, and had a grant of Woburn Abbey, and was in
+the 3rd of Edward VI. 1549, created earl of Bedford. He had the honour
+to conduct over to England, Philip of Spain, grandson to the prince who
+first brought him to court and advancement. He died 1554, and was
+succeeded by his son Francis, who died in 1585, and was buried at
+Cheneys, as were most of his descendants. His son Francis being killed a
+day or two before his father's death, by the Scotch in the marches, his
+son Edward succeeded his grandfather, and died 1627; he was succeeded by
+his cousin Francis, son of his uncle William, lord Russell, of
+Thornhaugh, lord deputy of Ireland, in the reign of Elizabeth. This
+Francis was the first projector of the draining of the great level of
+the fens, called after him, Bedford Level, and dying 1641, was succeeded
+by his eldest son William, who after having several times joined both
+parties during the civil war, at last adhered to the royal cause, and
+suffered a severe loss in the death of his only son by the very family
+whom he had supported; to compensate for which he was created by King
+William, Marquis of Tavistock, and Duke of Bedford, and dying in 1700,
+was succeeded by his grandson Wriothesley. He, in 1711, by his son and
+namesake, and he 1732, by his brother John, who, dying in 1771, was
+succeeded by his grandson Francis, the late duke, who died rather
+suddenly, of an illness occasioned by a rupture, on the 2nd of March,
+1802, in the 37th year of his age. His brother, Lord John Russell,
+succeeded him in his title and estates. This nobleman, so suddenly and
+unexpectedly raised to ducal honours, was born on the sixth of July,
+1766; and, on the 21st of March, 1786, before he had completed his
+twentieth year, he married at Brussels, Georgiana Elizabeth, the second
+daughter of Viscount Torrington. This lady died on the 11th of October,
+1801; leaving issue, Francis, born May 10, 1788; George William, born
+May 8, 1790; and John, born August 19, 1792. Shortly after his accession
+to the title, his grace married a second time, Georgiana, the fifth
+daughter of the duke of Gordon, by whom he had several children. After
+the death of Mr. Pitt, when Mr. Fox and his friends succeeded to power,
+his grace was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; a post which,
+without distinguishing himself as a party man, he filled to the entire
+and general satisfaction of the public. When Henry II. granted a charter
+to the burgesses of the town of Bedford, he rendered it subject to the
+payment of £40. per annum, as a fee-farm rent to the crown. Their
+mercantile guild and ancient privileges were confirmed by the succeeding
+monarch, who also granted new privileges and immunities similar to those
+enjoyed by the burgesses of Oxford. Richard II. granted still more
+extended privileges, and among others a view of Frankpledge within the
+borough. In this monarch's charter the corporation are styled the mayor,
+bailiffs, and burgesses. In the reign of Edward I. the liberties of the
+town were seized by that monarch, the bailiffs having neglected to
+discharge the fee-farm rent. In the reign of Henry VI. the town being
+much decayed, many houses gone to ruin, and the trade of it brought low,
+and the usual issues discontinued, the inhabitants petitioned the king
+to shew them his grace: accordingly he granted that the yearly rent
+should be remitted in part for a time. In the reign of Henry VII. it was
+permanently reduced, through the interposition of Sir Reginald Bray,
+then Prime Minister, to £20. per annum, and afterwards to £16. 5s. 8d.
+which rent is now payable to their successors. The last renewal of the
+charter of incorporation was in the reign of King James II. in whose
+time the mayor and aldermen were removed from their respective offices,
+by royal mandate, for neglecting to elect two burgesses to serve in
+parliament. The members were in consequence chosen by his Majesty's
+ministers. The right of election was determined in 1690, to be in the
+burgesses, freemen, and inhabitant householders not receiving alms. The
+number of voters is nearly 500. Bedford is a place of great antiquity,
+and is supposed by some writers to have been the Lactidorum of
+Antoninus; but Camden objects to this, on the ground that the town is
+not situated on any Roman road, neither have any Roman coins been found
+there. Its situation is upon the Ouse, by which it is divided into two
+parts, in the direction of east and west. This circumstance enables it
+to carry on a considerable trade with Lynn. In the Saxons' time, Bedford
+was a place of considerable consequence: as appears from its having been
+chosen by Offa, the powerful King of the Mercians, for his burial place.
+His bones were interred in a small chapel, which being situated on the
+brink of the river Ouse, was afterwards undermined and swept away by the
+floods, during an inundation. Bedford, as has been already stated, was
+also famous for a victory gained in the year 572, by Cuthwlf, the Saxon
+king, over the Britons. The Danes once destroyed this town; but Edward
+the Elder repaired it, and united the town on the south side of the
+river, called Mikesgate, to Bedford, on the north side of it; since
+which they have both gone by this name. After the conquest, Pain de
+Beauchamp, the third Baron of Bedford, built a castle here, encompassed
+with a mighty rampart of earth, and a high wall, the whole so strong
+that King Stephen, who besieged and took it in his war with the Empress
+Maud, was glad to grant the garrison honourable terms. In the barons'
+wars it was again besieged, and for want of relief, taken by King John's
+forces under Fulco de Brent, to whom the King gave it for a reward; but
+for his subsequent behaviour he took it from him, and caused it to be
+demolished, though it was not quite level till the reign of Henry III.
+The celebrated John Bunyan, whom we shall notice hereafter, was ordained
+co-pastor of the congregation of St. Peter's, in 1671, and continued in
+that situation until he died in 1688. The chair in which he used to sit
+is still preserved as a relic in the vestry of the chapel. As early as
+the year 1745, the Moravians, or society of Unitas Fratrum, had an
+establishment at Bedford, where they built a neat chapel in 1750. Of
+late years, however, the number of these recluse and inoffensive
+sectaries has considerably declined; and the house adjoining to the
+chapel, which was formerly appropriated to the brethren and the sisters
+of the society, has been converted into a school. In the year 1556, Sir
+William Harper founded a free school in Bedford, for the instruction of
+children of the town in grammar and good manners. The school-house was
+rebuilt in 1767, when a statue of the founder was placed in the front,
+with a latin inscription beneath, to the following effect:--
+
+   "Behold, Traveller, the Bodily Resemblance
+         Of Sir William Harper, Knight;
+                Of this School,
+           Thus spacious and Adorned,
+            The Munificent Founder,
+            The Picture of His Mind,
+   Is Dedicated in the Table of Benefactions."
+
+The warden and fellows of New College, Oxford, are visitors of this
+school, and have the appointment of the masters and ushers. The master's
+salary is £260. with coals and candles; that of the second master is
+£160., with the same allowance of fire and candle. The writing-master
+has a salary of £80. per annum. Sir William Harper, for the support of
+this excellent institution, conveyed to the corporation thirteen acres
+and one rood of land, lying in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, which
+he had purchased for the sum of £180.; he also conveyed his late
+dwelling-house, &c., at Bedford. The revenues of these estates were also
+to be applied towards apportioning maidens of the town on their entrance
+into the marriage estate. In the year 1660, the corporation leased the
+whole of the lands in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, for the term of
+41 years, at the yearly rent of £99. In the year 1684, a reversionary
+lease was granted for the further term of 51 years, at the improved rent
+of £150. In consequence of granting these leases, a great number of
+houses were built, and the following streets covered the above-mentioned
+thirteen acres of meadow land:--Bedford-street, Bedford-row,
+Bedford-court, Princes-street, Theobald's-road, North-street,
+East-street, Lamb's Conduit-street, Queen-street, Eagle-street,
+Boswell-court, Queen-street, Harper-street, Richbell-court, Hand-court,
+Gray's Inn-passage, Three Cup-yard, &c. The annual rent of these
+buildings is now considerably increased, and it is expected that in a
+few years it will amount to upwards of £30,000. This extraordinary
+increase of revenue occasioned the trustees to apply to parliament for
+two several acts to regulate its disposal, and to extend the objects of
+the charity. By the priorism contained in these acts of parliament, the
+maintenance of the master and usher of the grammar-school, and the
+maintenance of a master, and two ushers to the English school, is
+provided. Three exhibitions of £40. per annum, are given to scholars
+from the free school, either at Oxford or Cambridge, during the space of
+six years. The sum of £800. per annum is appropriated for marriage
+portions, to be given by lot in sums of £20. each, to forty poor maidens
+of Bedford, of good fame and reputation, not under sixteen years of age,
+and not exceeding fifty. They are not to marry within two months after
+receiving the marriage portion, otherwise to forfeit it. The men to whom
+they are to be married must not be vagrants or persons of bad fame or
+reputation. A yearly sum of £3,000. per annum is also appropriated by
+the last act, for the maintenance of twenty-six boys in an hospital or
+school of industry, and £700. to be laid out in apprentice fees for
+fifteen poor boys and five girls, to be chosen by lot. The trustees have
+likewise been enabled to build alms-houses for a number of poor men and
+women. The weekly allowance to each is 3s., and 40s. annually for
+clothing. If a poor man and his wife live together, they are allowed to
+the amount of 5s. per week. One hundred pounds per annum is appropriated
+to be given in sums of £5. each, to twenty poor girls upon their going
+out to service. The residue of the income is to be laid out in
+buildings, and in endowing more alms-houses, or building cottages to be
+let at a low rent to the poor. Here are also a house of industry, and an
+infirmary, which are well supported. Lace-making employs a great number
+of the lower classes, both in the town and county of Bedford. The lace
+is chiefly made by women; and children at the early age of four years
+are set down to it. On certain days, the persons appointed by the
+dealers collect the lace of the different villages, and convey it to the
+London market. A strong stone bridge connects the northern and southern
+parts of the town. "This bridge," says Grose, "is one hundred and
+sixteen yards in length, four and a half broad, and has a parapet three
+feet and a half high; this, it is said, was erected in the reign of
+Queen Mary, out of the ruins of St. Dunstan's church, which stood on the
+south side of the bridge. It has seven arches, and near the centre were
+two gate-houses; that on the north, being used for a prison, and that on
+the south served as a store-house for the arms and ammunition of the
+troops quartered here. These gate-houses were taken down in the year
+1765, and six lamps set up on posts at proper distances." The town-hall,
+or sessions-house, in which the assizes for the county are holden, is
+situated in an area before St. Paul's church. It was erected in the year
+1753, and is a capacious and handsome structure.
+
+   _Markets_, Tuesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, First Tuesday in Lent,
+   April 21, July 5, Aug. 21, Oct. 11, and Dec. 19, for all kinds of
+   cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 1.14 morning; departs 2.54
+   afternoon.--_Banker_, Thomas Barnard, draws on Kay and Co.--_Inns_,
+   George, and Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Very ancient corporation.]
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of the Bedford family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bedford Level.]
+
+[Sidenote: First charter granted by Henry II.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Offa buried here.]
+
+[Sidenote: John Bunyan.]
+
+[Sidenote: Noble charity, founded by Sir William Harper.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its revenues.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alms-houses.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lace-making, the chief trade.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. | County.|  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------+--------+---------------+------------+
+    29|Bedlington[A]  pa|Durham  |Morpeth       4|Blyth     14|
+    21|Bedmanton     ham|Kent    |Sittingbourne 5|Lenham     3|
+    34|Bedminster     pa|Somerset|Bristol       1|Dundry     3|
+    35|Bednall        to|Stafford|Penkridge     3|Rugeley    7|
+    33|Bedston        pa|Salop   |Knighton      4|Ludlow    11|
+    26|Bedwas         pa|Monmouth|Newport      10|Cardiff    9|
+     3|Bedwall Green ham|Bedford |Dunstable     2|Toddington 3|
+    26|Bedwelty       pa|Monmouth|Newport      16|Pontypool 10|
+   +--+-----------------+--------+---------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+------------+
+    29|Bedlington[A]  pa|Newcastle             12|  286|  2120|
+    21|Bedmanton     ham|Maidstone              8|   42|      |
+    34|Bedminster     pa|Weston                19|  119| 13130|
+    35|Bednall        to|Stafford               4|  134|      |
+    33|Bedston        pa|Bishops' Cas.         10|  153|   159|
+    26|Bedwas         pa|Pontypool             10|  158|   756|
+     3|Bedwall Green ham|Hockliffe              5|   36|      |
+    26|Bedwelty       pa|Abergavenn.           14|  159| 10637|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDLINGTON, though within the county of Northumberland, belongs to
+Chester ward, in the county of Durham. It lies between the rivers
+Wansbeck and Blythe. The monks of Durham, in their flight to
+Lindisfarne, before the arms of the Conqueror, with the incorruptible
+body of St. Cuthbert, rested all night here. The Rev. Francis Woodmas,
+the expositor of St. Chrysostom, was vicar here from 1696 to 1710. The
+Bedlington blast furnace, for smelting iron, was some years since taken
+down. At the Bebside and Bedlington Mills, about fifty men are employed.
+An unsuccessful attempt was a few years ago made to establish a
+manufactory of printed cottons at Stannington bridge, in this
+neighbourhood.
+
+[Sidenote: Blast furnaces.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  | County. |  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-------------------+---------+-------------+---------------+
+    41|Bedwin, Great[A] pa|Wilts    |Marlborough 7|Ramsbary      5|
+    41|Bedwin, Little   pa|Wilts    | ...        8|  ...         4|
+    39|Bedworth         pa|Warwick  |Nuneaton    4|Longford      2|
+    23|Beeby            pa|Leicester|Leicester   6|Houghton      3|
+    35|Beech            to|Warwick  |Stafford    7|Eccleshall    6|
+     4|Beech Hill       ti|Berks    |Reading     7|Aldermaston   5|
+    41|Beechingstoke    pa|Wilts    |Devizes     5|Pewsey        5|
+    38|Beeding, Upper   pa|Sussex   |Steyning    1|Shoreham      5|
+    38|Beeding, Lower   ti|Sussex   |  ...       2| ...          5|
+     4|Beedon           pa|Berks    |E. Ilsley   3|Newbury       7|
+    43|Beeford     pa & to|E.R. York|Driffield   7|Bridlington  10|
+    10|Beeley         chap|Derby    |Bakewell    3|Chesterfield 10|
+    21|Beelsby          pa|Lincoln  |Caistor     5|Grimsby       7|
+     4|Beenham          pa|Berks    |Reading     8|Newbury       9|
+    11|Beer           chap|Devon    |Colyton     3|Honiton      10|
+    34|Beer               |Somerset |Bridgewater 4|Stowey        5|
+    11|Beerhall           |Devon    |Bridport    8|Honiton      10|
+    11|Beeralston[B]    to|Devon    |Tavistock   6|Plymouth      7|
+   +--+-------------------+---------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+---------+
+    41|Bedwin, Great[A] pa|Hungerford            6|   71|     2191|
+    41|Bedwin, Little   pa|  ...                 5|   70|      587|
+    39|Bedworth         pa|Coventry              5|   96|     3980|
+    23|Beeby            pa|Melton                9|  104|      120|
+    35|Beech            to|Newcastle             8|  141|         |
+     4|Beech Hill       ti|Kingsclere            7|   46|      249|
+    41|Beechingstoke    pa|Lavington             6|   86|      187|
+    38|Beeding, Upper   pa|Brighton             10|   51|      589|
+    38|Beeding, Lower   ti| ...                 10|   51|      533|
+     4|Beedon           pa|Hungerford           12|   57|      306|
+    43|Beeford     pa & to|Beverley             13|  196|      894|
+    10|Beeley         chap|Matlock               6|  150|      441|
+    21|Beelsby          pa|Louth                18|  164|      158|
+     4|Beenham          pa|Pangbourn             6|   47|      360|
+    11|Beer           chap|Sidmouth              7|  153|         |
+    34|Beer               |Watchet              14|  143|         |
+    11|Beerhall           |Crewkerne            14|  147|         |
+    11|Beeralston[B]    to|Saltash               4|  213|         |
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BEDWIN was a market-town, and supposed by Stukeley to have been the
+Leucomagus of the Romans; it certainly was a chief city of the Saxons,
+who built a castle there. It was a borough by prescription, sending two
+members to parliament, and is governed by a portreeve, and exercises
+many of its original rights, although considerably reduced in
+population. The church, a cruciform building of flints, with a central
+tower, is ancient and curious in itself, and for the monuments which it
+contains. The obtusely pointed arches of the nave, ornamented with
+zig-zag and billetted mouldings, rest on capitals, richly adorned with
+flowers, grotesque heads, and other figures. In the south transept are
+two tombs, which commemorate Adam and Roger de Stocre, Lords, according
+to Leland, of "Stoke Haulle thereby." The chancel contains the noble
+altar monument of Sir John Seymour, of Wolphall, father of the
+Protector, Somerset, and other distinguished persons. Near this tomb are
+two brass plates, on one of which is the figure of a lady, with her
+hands folded, and the inscription--"Julia Seymour;" the other
+commemorates a son of Sir John Seymour. The manor of Bedwin, which once
+belonged to Gilbert, Earl of Clare, husband of Anna d'Acres, was
+purchased by the late Earl of Aylesbury. This place gave birth, in 1621,
+to Dr. Thomas Willis, a learned physician, who wrote several works on
+his art, was appointed physician in ordinary to Charles II., and died of
+pleurisy in 1675. On Castle-hill is an entrenchment, in area two acres,
+with some foundations, supposed to be those of a castle, founded by the
+Saxons. Chisbury Castle is an entrenchment more than fifteen acres in
+extent, supposed to have been begun by the Britons, and sometime
+occupied by the Romans. The neighbouring village of Little Bedwin has a
+church built of flints, in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture, with
+a nave, aisles, chancel, and tower.
+
+   _Market_, formerly Tuesday (disused).--_Fairs_, April 23, and July
+   26, for horses, cows, and sheep.
+
+[Sidenote: Monument of Julia Seymour, sister to Lady Jane Grey.]
+
+
+[B] BEERALSTON. This place once had the privilege of sending two members
+to parliament. It is chiefly inhabited by labourers employed in
+agriculture and mining. The borough was under the influence of the Earl
+of Beverley. The right of election was vested in those who had land in
+the borough, and paid three-pence acknowledgment to the Lord of the
+Manor, who varied the number of electors at his pleasure, by granting
+burgage-tenures, which were generally resigned when the election was
+concluded, to as many of his partisans as were requisite. The portreeve,
+chosen annually in the Lord's court, was the returning-officer. The
+first members were returned in the twenty-seventh of Elizabeth. Risdon
+mentions that Beare was bestowed by William the Conqueror on a family
+descended from the house of Alencon in France, and that it still
+continues its name under the corruption of Bere-Alson. In the reign of
+Henry II., Henry Ferrers had a castle here, which came to the possession
+of his descendant Martin Ferrers, the last of the house, in the time of
+Edward III. The manor then came to the Champernounes, and passed
+respectively through the families of Willoughby, Mountjoy, Maynard, and
+Stamford, to the present possessor, the Duke of Northumberland. In this
+place are several lead-mines, now of inconsiderable value, though
+sometimes impregnated with silver; but in the reign of Edward I., it is
+said, that in the space of three years 1,600 pounds weight of silver was
+obtained. Since that time no considerable quantity has ever been
+procured.
+
+[Sidenote: Electioneering abuses.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |County.   | Number of Miles from  |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+    34|Berecrocombe         pa|Somerset  |Ilminster 5|Taunton   7|
+    11|Bere Ferris[A]       pa|Devon     |Saltash   3|Plymouth  6|
+    12|Bere Hacket          pa|Devon     |Sherborne 4|Yeovil    4|
+    12|Bere Regis[B] m.t. & pa|Dorset    |Wareham   7|Blandford 9|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.       |Number of Miles from  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+    34|Berecrocombe         pa|Somerton            12|  135|   182|
+    11|Bere Ferris[A]       pa|Tavistock            8|  215|  1876|
+    12|Bere Hacket          pa|Beaminster          12|  121|   110|
+    12|Bere Regis[B] m.t. & pa|Dorchester          12|  113|  1170|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BERE FERRIS. This parish is situated south by west from Tavistock.
+Here, observes Risdon, "lieth Ley, the ancient possession of a family so
+called, whence the name tooke that honor; for from hence Sir James Ley,
+Knt., Lord Chief Justice of England, and High Treasurer, created
+afterwards Earle of Marlborough, descended; a lawgiver in the chief
+place of justice, and a preserver of venerable antiquity, whose noble
+thoughts were so fixed on virtue, and his discourses embellished with
+wisdome, and his heart with integrity, that his words did never bite,
+nor his actions wrong any man, to give him just cause of complaynt."
+Amongst several ancient monuments in Bere-Ferris Church, is one under an
+arched recess, of a cross-legged knight half inclined on his right side,
+with his right hand on his sword; and another of a knight and his lady,
+under a richly ornamented arch in the chancel. Among the figures painted
+on the east window is that of William Ferrers, who was probably the
+builder of this fabric, as he is represented kneeling, and holding the
+model of a church in his hand.
+
+[Sidenote: A honest lawyer.]
+
+
+[B] BERE REGIS is situated in the Blandford division of the county. Drs.
+Stukeley and Coker conjecture that this place was the site of a Roman
+station; an opinion which is confirmed by a large entrenchment upon
+Woodbury Hill, about half a mile north-east of the parish. The area of
+this place, which contains about ten acres, is surrounded by triple
+ramparts, that in some places are high and deep. On the summit, which
+commands a very extensive prospect, a fair is annually holden. This fair
+begins on the Nativity of the Virgin, and continues through the five
+following days: though of late years it has much decreased; it was once
+the most considerable in the west of England. Queen Elfrida, to whom the
+manor belonged, is said to have retired to her seat in this place, after
+the murder of her son-in-law, Edward the Martyr. King John also appears
+to have made it his residence. In the reign of Henry III. the manor was
+bestowed on Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester; but, as a consequence
+attending his rebellion, it was taken from him, and granted to the
+King's brother, Edmund. Edmund gave a moiety of it to the Abbess of
+Tarent, who, in the reign of Edward I. claimed for her manor of Bere a
+fair, a market, a free-warren, and the whole forest of Bere. Her moiety
+of these was granted her. At the dissolution, Henry VIII., for the sum
+of £680. 16s. 8d. granted the manor to Robert Turberville, to whose
+ancestors the other moiety had belonged for ages. The mansion of the
+Turbervilles still remains: it is an ancient irregular structure, built
+with stone, and its windows contain various quarterings of the
+Turberville family and its alliances. Bere Regis, though it does not
+appear ever to have been represented in parliament, was incorporated in
+the time of Edward I. Its market is ancient, as appears from King John's
+having confirmed it to the inhabitants. The church is a large and
+handsome structure, and contains numerous monuments of the Turberville
+and other families. The town of Bere Regis has suffered twice by fire:
+once in 1634, and again in 1788. After the latter fire the inhabitants
+found shelter in the booths erected for the fair. The most distinguished
+natives of the place have been James Turberville, Bishop of Exeter, and
+John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fair_, September 18.
+
+[Sidenote: The residence of Queen Elfrida.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.       |County.   |Number of Miles from      |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
+     9|Bees, St.[A]    to & pa|Cumberland|Egremont    3|Whitehaven 4|
+    24|Beesby               pa|Lincoln   |Louth       9|Grimsby    9|
+    24|Beesby in the Marsh, pa|Lincoln   |Alford      3|Saltfleet 10|
+     3|Beeston              to|Bedford   |Biggleswade 3|Tempsford  3|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.       |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+     9|Bees, St.[A]    to & pa|Buttermere            13|  296|  517|
+    24|Beesby               pa|M. Raisin             12|  158|   99|
+    24|Beesby in the Marsh, pa|Louth                  9|  144|  132|
+     3|Beeston              to|Bedford                8|   48|  258|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEES, (ST.) This ancient village is situated in the Ward of
+Allerdale, west by north from Egremont. It is understood to have derived
+its name and origin from a religious house, which was founded here about
+the year 650, by St. Bega, an Irish nun of great sanctity. On the death
+of Bega, a church was erected in honour of her virtues; but both these
+establishments having been destroyed by the Danes, William, son of
+Ranulph de Meschines, replaced them by a new foundation of Benedictine
+monks, and made it a cell to the Abbey of St. Mary at York: in the time
+of Henry I. The manor was granted after the dissolution to Sir Thomas
+Chaloner, by Edward VI. in the last year of his reign. It next became
+the property of a family named Wyberg, from whom, under a fore-closed
+mortgage, it passed to an ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, about the
+year 1663. St. Bees church, which was erected about the time of Henry
+I., had the form of a cross, and great part of it is yet standing. The
+east-end is unroofed, and in ruins: the nave, however, is fitted up as
+the parish church, and the cross aisle is used as a place of sepulchre.
+The ancient chancel has narrow lancet windows, ornamented with double
+mouldings, and pilasters, with rich capitals. At the east end are
+niches, of a singular form, with pointed arches, supported on well
+proportioned pillars, having capitals adorned with rich engravings. The
+whole edifice is of red free-stone. A free grammar school was founded in
+the village of St. Bees by Archbishop Girandal, under a charter from
+Queen Elizabeth, towards the close of the sixteenth century. This
+prelate was born in the neighbouring village of Helsingham, in the year
+1519. He was educated at Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship at
+Pembroke Hall. Being attached to the principles of the Reformation,
+Bishop Ridley made him his chaplain, and precentor of St. Pauls. He was
+also appointed chaplain to the King, and prebendary of Westminster; but
+on the accession of Mary he retired to Germany, and settled at
+Strasburgh. When Elizabeth ascended the throne he returned home, and was
+employed in revising the Litany. In 1559 he was chosen master of
+Pembroke Hall, and the same year preferred to the see of London, from
+whence, in 1570 he was translated to York, and in 1575 to Canterbury.
+Two years afterwards he was suspended from his archiepiscopal functions,
+for refusing to obey the Queen's order to suppress prophecyings, or the
+associations of the clergy to expound the Scriptures. His sequestration
+was taken off, though he never completely recovered the royal favour. He
+died at Croydon, 1583. He contributed to Fox's acts and monuments. James
+I. afterwards increased the endowments, which have been since augmented
+by divers benefactors. Several scholars of great eminence have received
+the rudiments of education in this seminary. It is remarkable, however,
+that, till a few years ago, the school had not undergone any material
+change since its foundation. Occasional repairs were indeed found
+absolutely necessary for the support of the buildings, but no
+improvement seems ever to have been attempted. Through the munificence
+of the Earl of Lonsdale this long respected seminary has been put into
+complete order, and made more suitable to the purpose intended by the
+pious founder than it had been at any time since its erection. Exclusive
+of what has been done at the spacious school-room, the library is
+rendered more commodious. The master's house, which adjoins the school,
+has been enlarged, some parts of it rebuilt, a good garden well walled
+round, and the whole made a very comfortable and eligible residence.
+
+[Sidenote: Early history.]
+
+[Sidenote: Archbishop Girandal.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.      |County.   |Number of Miles from
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
+     7|Beeston[A]          to|Chester   |Nantwich    7|Tarporley  2|
+    27|Beeston             pa|Norfolk   |Swaffham    7|E. Dereham 6|
+    30|Beeston             pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  4|Chilwell   1|
+    45|Beeston           chap|W.R. York |Leeds       2|Birstall   5|
+    27|Beeston, St. Andrew  p|Norfolk   |Norwich     4|Worstead   9|
+    27|Beeston, St. Lawren. p|Norfolk   |Coltishall  4| ...       3|
+    27|Beeston Regis       pa|Norfolk   |Cromer      4|Holt       7|
+    40|Beethom[B]     pa & to|Westmorlnd|Burton      4|Millthorpe 1|
+    27|Beetley             pa|Norfolk   |E. Dereham  4|Foulsham   6|
+    31|Begbrook            pa|Oxford    |Woodstock   3|Oxford     6|
+    34|Beggerielge        ham|Somerset  |Bath        4|Frome      9|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+      |                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.      |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     7|Beeston[A]          to|Whitchurch            14|  171|    434|
+    27|Beeston             pa|Castle Acre            5|  100|    702|
+    30|Beeston             pa|Ashby                 16|  124|   2530|
+    45|Beeston           chap|Huddersfield           9|  190|   2128|
+    27|Beeston, St. Andrew  p|Acle                   9|  113|     49|
+    27|Beeston, St. Lawren. p|Norwich               11|  120|     52|
+    27|Beeston Regis       pa|Cley                   8|  126|    246|
+    40|Beethom[B]     pa & to|Kendal                10|  252|   1639|
+    27|Beetley             pa|Fakenham               9|  104|    381|
+    31|Begbrook            pa|Islip                  5|   60|    102|
+    34|Beggerielge        ham|Beckington             6|  110|    ...|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEESTON. Near this village are the remains of a castle, once deemed
+impregnable; it is situated on a sandstone rock, 366 feet in
+perpendicular height. So strong was this fortress considered, that it
+became a proverb in the neighbourhood to say, "It is as strong as
+Beeston Castle." The area contains five acres, and was rendered
+unapproachable by means of a very wide ditch. In the reign of Charles I.
+it underwent a lengthened siege, or rather blockade, for all
+communications were cut off with the neighbourhood for a long term; at
+last it was compelled to surrender, and the parliament ordered it to be
+dismantled. During the period of the threatened invasion of the French,
+in 1803, this castle was fixed upon by the lieutenancy of the county, as
+the site for a signal station and beacon. The ancient and craggy walls
+are beautifully mantled over with a luxuriant covering of ivy, and the
+base of the hill abounds with several varieties of rare plants. The well
+of the castle is nearly 300 feet deep, and the peasantry firmly believe
+that it contains a vast store of riches, which have been thrown into it
+during the civil wars. A mineral spring was discovered here a few years
+ago. The inhabitants of Chester consider it a favourite holiday
+indulgence to visit this castle in a pleasure excursion; and by
+application to an old woman in the village, who may be considered the
+female warden of the place, travellers can be conducted to the summit of
+the building. The views from the ramparts are beautiful, extending over
+the whole Vale Royal of Cheshire, to the estuaries of the rivers Mersey
+and Dee: that side of the hill which forms a precipice rises
+perpendicularly 160 feet from the base of the elevation, and upon
+looking down from the high pinnacle of the castle wall, it is sufficient
+to call to remembrance the sublime poetic effusion of our immortal
+bard:--
+
+       "How fearful
+   And dizzy 'tis, to cast ones eyes so low,
+   The crows and choughs, that wing the mid-way air,
+   Shew scarce as gross as beetles.
+
+       I'll look no more,
+   Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight,
+   Topple down headlong."
+
+[Sidenote: Castle on a rock.]
+
+[Sidenote: A favourite place of resort.]
+
+
+[B] BEETHOM. This mountainous and highly interesting parish is situated
+in the Kendal Ward, at the south-western extremity of the county of
+Westmoreland, on both sides of estuaries of the river Kent, which is
+navigable for small craft as far as the hamlet of Storch, and comprises
+the chapelries of Witherslack, and the townships of Beetham, Farleton,
+Haverbrack, and Methop, with Ulpha. The parish church is dedicated to
+St. Michael, the patron saint of mountainous and hilly parishes: it is a
+neat building, situated in a fine vale, or holm ground, commanding the
+richest variety of wood, water, and rocky scenery. Here are two fine old
+monuments to the memory of Thomas de Beetham and his lady, who lived in
+the reign of Richard III. Here was anciently a chapel, dedicated to St.
+John, and near it, in a garden, a considerable number of human bones
+were dug up; it was situated about forty yards from the present
+school-house. Some few years since a mole cast up an amber bead, and
+with it an oval piece of silver, about the size of a shilling; it was
+perforated through the middle, and on one side was an impression of the
+crucifixion, with the letters J.N.R.J.; on the right of which was a
+crescent, and on the left a rising sun; at the bottom, the Virgin Mary,
+in a weeping attitude: on the reverse, a lamb, with a standard, and St.
+Andrews' cross. The parsonage, or rectory-house, which stood on the
+north-east corner of the churchyard, was formerly called the college of
+St. Mary's. The Hilton family had also a handsome house near this spot,
+which was enlarged and improved by George Hilton, an eccentric squire,
+and well known character in this neighbourhood about the commencement of
+the last century. This George Hilton was a Roman Catholic, and joined
+the Scotch rebels in 1715, upon whose defeat he made his escape, but was
+pardoned by the act of grace the year following, and afterwards retired
+to a house which he built at the south end of Beethom Park. Mr. Hutton,
+the historian of this place, says, "that he discovered a diary, in an
+old chest, which was kept by this gentleman, taken by himself every
+night, but which was afterwards lost. 'On Sunday, (says he in one
+place,) I vowed to abstain from three things during the ensuing week
+(Lent), viz. women, eating of flesh, and drinking of wine; but, alas!
+the frailty of good resolutions. I broke them all! Conversed with a
+woman--was tempted to eat the wing of a fowl--and got drunk at
+Milnthorp.'" Of this parish the Rev. William Hutton was vicar, who wrote
+a folio book of collections for its history, which he deposited in the
+vestry for the information of posterity, with blank pages to be filled
+up as materials should occur. He was an amiable man, and an
+indefatigable antiquarian. The old manor house, called the Hall of
+Beethom, was a fine old castellated mansion, but now unfortunately in
+ruins. One large apartment in this castle is still called the hall, and
+according to the laudable practice of ancient hospitality, was devoted
+to the purpose of entertaining the friends and dependants of the family:
+and hence came the proverb--
+
+   "'Tis merry in the hall When beards wag all."
+
+The remains of a room, formerly used as a chapel, still exist; and the
+ruins of this fine mansion are of considerable extent. The ruins of
+another hall in this parish are also to be seen in Cappleside Demesne,
+consisting of a front and two wings, comprising an extent of 117 feet of
+frontage. Also an ancient tower, now in ruins, called Helslack Tower:
+and another tower, called Arnside Tower; equally neglected. These towers
+seem to have been intended to guard the Bay of Morecambe, as similar
+buildings are erected on the opposite side of the river. A grammar
+school was founded here in 1663, and rebuilt in 1827. It has an
+endowment of about £40. a year, arising out of lands bequeathed for the
+instruction of fifty poor boys.
+
+[Sidenote: George Hilton, an eccentric character.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Hall.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County.  |  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+    57|Begelley      pa|Pembroke  |Narbeth       4|Tenby       4|
+    58|Beggars' Bush   |Radnor    |Knighton      8|Presteign   2|
+    31|Beggars' Bush   |Oxford    |Nettlebed     4|Benson      2|
+    58|Beguildy      pa|Radnor    |Knighton      6|New Radnor 12|
+    21|Beigham         |Kent p    |Lamberhurst   3|Tunb. Wells 3|
+    10|Beighton      pa|Derby     |Chesterfield 10|Sheffield   7|
+    27|Beighton      pa|Norfolk   |Acle          2|Loddon      6|
+    36|Beighton      pa|Suffolk   |Bury          6|Woolpit     2|
+    46|Beilby to & chap|E.R. York |Pocklington   4|M. Weighton 6|
+    27|Belaugh       pa|Norfolk   |Norwich       8|Worstead    5|
+     9|Belbank       to|Cumberland|Brampton     10|Carlisle   15|
+   +--+----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+    57|Begelley      pa|Pembroke                14|  257|    996|
+    58|Beggars' Bush   |New Radnor               6|  153|       |
+    31|Beggars' Bush   |Wallingford              3|   44|       |
+    58|Beguildy      pa|Bettws                   4|  171|   1043|
+    21|Beigham         |Brenchley                5|   38|       |
+    10|Beighton      pa|Eckington                2|  155|    980|
+    27|Beighton      pa|Norwich                  9|  118|    262|
+    36|Beighton      pa|Stow Market              8|   71|    238|
+    46|Beilby to & chap|York                    13|  192|    239|
+    27|Belaugh       pa|Coltishall               2|  116|    151|
+     9|Belbank       to|Longtown                13|  321|    485|
+   +--+----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.  | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+     9|Belbank             to|Cumberland|Brampton   7|Carlisle   12|
+    42|Belbroughton        pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 5|Stourbridge 5|
+    46|Belby               to|E.R. York |Howden     1|South Cave 11|
+    12|Belchalwell         pa|Dorset    |Blandford  7|Sturminster 3|
+    14|Belchamp Oten       pa|Essex     |Headingham 5|Sudbury     5|
+    14|Belchamp, St. Pauls  p|Essex     |...        6|...         6|
+    14|Belchamp Wallers[A] pa|Essex     |...        6|...         3|
+    24|Belchford           pa|Lincoln   |Horncastle 5|Louth       8|
+    29|Belford[B]   m.t. & pa|Northumb. |Newcastle 49|Alnwick     5|
+    30|Belgh              ham|Nottingham|Worksop    5|Ollerton    6|
+    23|Belgrave            pa|Leicester |Leicester  2|Loughboro'  9|
+    29|Bellasis            to|Northumb. |Morpeth    5|Newcastle  10|
+    46|Bellasize           to|E.R. York |Howden     5|South Cave  7|
+    18|Bell Bar              |Herts     |Barnet     6|Hatfield    3|
+    24|Belleau[C]          pa|Lincoln   |Alford     3|Louth       8|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-----+-------+
+     9|Belbank             to|Longtown              9|  318|    127|
+    42|Belbroughton        pa|Kidderminst           7|  121|   1489|
+    46|Belby               to|Hull                 23|  181|     44|
+    12|Belchalwell         pa|Shaftesbury          10|  110|    205|
+    14|Belchamp Oten       pa|Clare                 4|   53|    397|
+    14|Belchamp, St. Pauls  p| ...                  3|   54|    808|
+    14|Belchamp Wallers[A] pa| ...                  5|   53|    670|
+    24|Belchford           pa|Spilsby              10|  141|    490|
+    29|Belford[B]   m.t. & pa|Berwich              15|  322|   2030|
+    30|Belgh              ham|Mansfield             7|  143|       |
+    23|Belgrave            pa|Derby                26|  100|   2329|
+    29|Bellasis            to|Blyth                 8|  284|       |
+    46|Bellasize           to|Blacktoft             3|  185|    189|
+    18|Bell Bar              |Hertford              8|   17|       |
+    24|Belleau[C]          pa|Saltfleet            12|  144|    107|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BELCHAMP, or Belchamp Wallers, in the hundred of Hinckford, lies
+north-east by north from Castle Headingham. The church, dedicated to the
+Virgin Mary, is lofty and neat, and contains an orchestra, with a fine
+toned organ. Here is a capacious vault which belongs to the Raymond
+family; and an elegant marble monument dedicated to them in the chancel.
+Mrs. Raymond has established in this village a Sunday school for fifty
+children belonging to the poor. Belchamp Hall, in this parish, is the
+residence of the Raymond's, one of whose ancestors came into England
+with the Conqueror, and whose family have resided in this neighbourhood
+upwards of two centuries. The house is a substantial and commodious
+building, whose principal or south-eastern front is for the most part
+composed of foreign bricks. It is situated on a pleasant lawn, sloping
+gradually to a small river, within 200 yards of the front. A spacious
+and extensive terrace, skirted with lofty trees, at the end of which is
+an ancient building, ornamented with painted glass, lies to the south.
+At the other end is a lofty mount, with another ornamental building on
+its summit. This mansion contains an interesting collection of pictures
+by some of the most esteemed masters; among them are the following:--The
+Wise Men's Offering, an altar-piece; Albert Durer. This picture, with a
+large gun, some pistols, and powder flasks, inlaid with gold and ivory,
+were presented to the Raymonds, by Sir William Harris, a sea-officer,
+who took them, with other property, on the defeat of the Spanish Armada,
+in 1588. A three-quarter portrait of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart., in whose
+public spirit the New river originated, and another of his wife, are
+both by Cornelius Jansen. Goldingham Hall, in the parish of Bulmer,
+adjoining Belchamp, was the residence of Sir Hugh.
+
+[Sidenote: Belchamp Hall.]
+
+
+[B] BELFORD is a little market town pleasantly situated on the side of a
+hill about two miles from the river Lear, and being a post-town, and on
+the great north road, has several good inns. The buildings in general
+are neat, and the church is a handsome structure, erected in 1700. Near
+this place on a rising ground, are the ruins of an ancient chapel,
+surrounded by several tall oaks; and at a little distance, are the
+remains of a Danish camp, apparently of great strength, surrounded by a
+deep ditch. The annual races formerly run at Beadnall, now take place at
+this town.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday--_Fairs_, Tuesday before Whit-Sunday, and August
+   23, for black cattle, sheep, and horses. The Edinburgh Mail arrives
+   7.49 morning; departs 3.36 afternoon.--_Inn_, Blue Bell.
+
+
+[C] BELLEAU. At this place, which takes it name from the excellent
+springs that issue from the chalk hills in the neighbourhood, are the
+ruins of what is called the Abbey. These consist of part of a turret,
+and two gateways, which convey an idea of its being a place of
+considerable importance. The walls are covered with ivy, and overhung
+with lofty ash trees. After the civil war, this place was granted to the
+eccentric Sir Harry Vane, who used to amuse himself on Sundays in
+assembling here his country neighbours, to whom he addressed his pious
+discourses. The church of Belleau is said, by Gough, to have been
+attached to the neighbouring monastery of Ailby; but neither Tanner nor
+the Monasticon mention such a religious house.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbey Ruins.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County. |  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+    44|Bellerby           chap|N.R. York|Leyburn     1|Richmond     7|
+    29|Bellingham[A] m.t. & pa|Northumb |Hexham     16|Haltwhistle 17|
+    29|Bellister            to|Northumb | ...       16|Aldstone M. 12|
+     7|Bell-on-the-Hill       |Chesire  |Chester    17|Whitchurch   3|
+    32|Belmsthorpe         ham|Rutland  |Stamford    3|Ryhall       1|
+    10|Belper[B]           ham|Derby    |Derby       8|Wirksworth   7|
+    29|Belsey               to|Northumb |Newcastle  15|Morpeth     10|
+    18|Belswains           ham|Herts    |H. Hempsted 2|Watford      7|
+    36|Belstead             pa|Suffolk  |Ipswich     3|Hadleigh     8|
+    11|Belstone             pa|Devon    |Oakhampton  2|Exeter      21|
+    24|Beltoft             ham|Lincoln  |Gainsboro'  13|Burton     10|
+    23|Belton               pa|Leicester|Asbhy       6|Kegworth     5|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    44|Bellerby           chap|Middleham             4|  236|     417|
+    29|Bellingham[A] m.t. & pa|Wark                  4|  294|    1460|
+    29|Bellister            to|Haltwhistle           2|  281|     120|
+     7|Bell-on-the-Hill       |Malpas                3|  166|        |
+    32|Belmsthorpe         ham|Essendine             2|   92|        |
+    10|Belper[B]           ham|Ashbourn             12|  134|    7890|
+    29|Belsey               to|Corbridge            11|  289|     334|
+    18|Belswains           ham|Ivinghoe             12|   22|        |
+    36|Belstead             pa|Stratford             7|   66|     248|
+    11|Belstone             pa|Bow                  10|  194|     206|
+    24|Beltoft             ham|Crowle                5|  162|        |
+    23|Belton               pa|Loughboro             7|  116|     735|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BELLINGHAM, lies N. N W. from Hexham. It gave name to an ancient
+family, who were seated here in 1378. Some ruins of their castle still
+remain. The chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is roofed with stone
+arches in rib-work: there are many gravestones in its floor, sculptured
+with swords, and other warlike emblems. Nearly opposite, on the south
+side of the North Tyne, is Heslieside, the seat of the Charlton family,
+since the time of Edward the Sixth. The old mansion-house, built after
+the manner of Lowther Hall, in Westmoreland, was burnt down about eighty
+years ago, and then rebuilt. The present edifice stands on a gentle
+eminence: the grounds are well wooded, and diversified with fine
+sheep-walks; and the gardens and fruit walls are very productive. Five
+miles above this place is Falstone chapel; and about seven miles further
+up is Keelder Castle, formerly the residence of a famous border
+chieftain, but at present a shooting-box of the Duke of Northumberland.
+The moors here are scattered over with cairns, tumuli, and Druidical
+monuments. Of Tarset Hall, about two miles above Heslieside, only some
+slight remains are visible. Of Chipchase Castle, the old tower still
+remains. Its roof is built on corbels, and it has openings through which
+to throw down stones or scalding water upon an enemy. The tattered
+fragments of Gothic painting on the walls, are exceedingly curious. Soon
+after it came to the family, (its present owners,) the mansion was
+thoroughly repaired, and much improved; the chapel on the lawn was
+rebuilt, the gardens made, and the grounds covered with extensive
+plantations. This delightful residence is surrounded with scenery of the
+richest and most enchanting kind. The rooms in it are fitted up in a
+splendid style, and ornamented with several excellent paintings. A
+bridge was erected over the Burn at the east end of the town in 1826.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fair_, Saturday after September 15, for cattle,
+   sheep, linen and woollen cloth.
+
+[Sidenote: Chipchase Castle.]
+
+
+[B] BELPER, or Belpar, anciently Beaupoire, is situated on the banks of
+the Derwent, in the hundred of Appletree. It is a chapelry of Duffield;
+and, though formerly an inconsiderable village, its population now
+exceeds, with the exception of Derby, every other town in the county.
+The great increase of population began from three large cotton mills of
+Messrs. Strutts, the first of which was erected in 1776. Two of them yet
+remain; but the third was destroyed by fire early in the year 1803. The
+largest of these mills is 200 feet long, 300 feet wide, and six stories
+high: it is considered fire proof, as the floor is built on brick
+arches, and paved with brick. The two water-wheels, which are employed
+in the machinery in this building, are remarkable for magnitude and
+singularity of construction; one of them being 40 feet long, and 18 in
+diameter; and the other 48 feet long, and 12 feet in diameter. As timber
+could not be procured large enough to form the axles of these wheels in
+the common manner, they are constructed circularly and hollow, of a
+number of pieces, and hooped in the manner of a cask. One of the shafts
+is six feet in diameter, and the other nine. The shuttles are
+constructed in one piece, so as to support the lateral pressure of the
+water, although it is ten feet deep, by resting one upon another. This
+is different from the usual mode of construction, in which they are
+supported by large perpendicular beams at every six or seven feet, in
+order to sustain this lateral pressure. About twelve or thirteen hundred
+people are employed at these mills; and the proprietors have built many
+houses, and a chapel, for their accommodation. Near the mills a stone
+bridge of three arches has been erected across the Derwent, at the
+expence of the county, the former one having been washed down by a
+dreadful flood, in 1795. At a short distance, lower down the river, is a
+bleaching mill, belonging to the same proprietors; an iron forge, and
+two cotton mills; one of them constructed like that before described. A
+stone bridge was also erected here by these gentlemen in 1792. These
+mills afford regular employment to about 600 persons. A Sunday school
+has been established here, and another at Belper, for the instruction of
+the children employed at the cotton works.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 1.30 afternoon; departs 8.45
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Manufactories.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cotton Mills.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County. | Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+    24|Belton[A]         pa|Lincoln  |Grantham    3|Leadenham    8|
+    24|Belton            pa|Lincoln  |Gainsboro'  13|Epworth     2|
+    32|Belton            pa|Rutland  |Uppingham   4|Oakham       7|
+    36|Belton            pa|Suffolk  |Yarmouth    4|Lowestoft    8|
+    24|Belvoir[B]ex pa. lib|Leicester|Grantham    7|Newark      16|
+    43|Bempton           pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 3|Flamborough  3|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    24|Belton[A]         pa|Lincoln              20|  113|     160|
+    24|Belton            pa|Crowle                5|  162|    1597|
+    32|Belton            pa|Rockingham            9|   92|     400|
+    36|Belton            pa|Beccles               9|  121|     124|
+    24|Belvoir[B]ex pa. lib|Colterswrth          10|  112|     105|
+    43|Bempton           pa|Hunmanby              7|  210|     287|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BELTON. The church is a small ancient structure. The tower appears
+to have been rebuilt in the year 1637, and at a subsequent period, the
+chancel has been renewed. The church is extremely neat, and has in the
+south window six pieces of stained glass, illustrative of scriptural
+subjects. Within the nave are several splendid monuments. Belton House,
+near Grantham, the residence of Earl Brownlow, is situated on a
+beautiful lawn, in a wooded valley, through which the river Witham winds
+its course. The mansion was built in the year 1689, from designs by Sir
+Christopher Wren. The form of the building is that of the letter H, a
+stile of architecture peculiar to that period. It is of stone, and
+presents four uniform elevations. The apartments are lofty, and well
+proportioned. Several of the rooms are highly ornamented with carving by
+Gibbons. The late Lord Brownlow made considerable improvements in the
+mansion. He took down the cupola and balustrade from the roof. The
+drawing room was considerably enlarged, and a new entrance at the south
+front made. Here are many pictures by celebrated masters of the Flemish
+and Italian schools, with numerous family portraits by Lely, Reynolds,
+Kneller, Romney and others. Among the latter we may remark a portrait of
+Sir John Cust, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, in his robes, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds. William III. in his progress through the northern
+counties, honoured Belton House with his presence. The park comprises an
+area of five miles in circumference, inclosed by a wall; numerous
+plantations of fine trees are highly ornamental to the place. Sir John
+Brownlow, K.B. afterwards Viscount Tyrconnel, enriched the library with
+a valuable collection of books; he also formed some extensive gardens,
+which have since been more adapted to the modern taste in gardening.
+
+[Sidenote: Belton House.]
+
+
+[B] BELVOIR. The Castle is one of the most magnificent structures in the
+kingdom. It is placed on an abrupt elevation of a kind of natural cliff,
+forming the termination of a peninsular hill. It has been the seat of
+Manners, Dukes of Rutland, for several generations, and claims the
+priority of every other building in the county in which it is situated.
+Belvoir has been the site of a Castle ever since the Norman conquest;
+and its possessors have been chiefly persons of eminence who have
+figured in the pages of history. The view from the terraces and towers
+comprehends the whole vale of Belvoir and the adjoining country as far
+as Lincoln, including twenty-two of the Duke of Rutland's manors. On the
+southern slope of the hill are enclosed-terraces, on which there are
+several flower-gardens, surrounded by shrubberies. The park is of great
+extent, containing fine forest trees, which form a woodland beneath the
+hill so extensive as to afford shelter for innumerable rooks. Its
+interior and furniture is of the most superb and costly description; it
+also contains one of the most valuable collections of paintings in this
+country, whether considered for the variety of the schools, or the works
+of each master. A conflagration took place in the year 1816, which
+consumed a great portion of the ancient part of the castle, and several
+of the pictures. A curious anecdote is related, illustrative of the
+folly and superstition of ancient times, which may not be uninteresting
+to add. Joan Flower and her two; daughters who were servants at Belvoir
+Castle, having been dismissed the family, in revenge made use of all the
+enchantments, spells, and charms that were at that time supposed to
+answer their malicious purposes. Henry the eldest son died soon after
+their dismissal, but no suspicion of witchcraft arose till five years
+after, when the three women who are said to have entered into a formal
+contract with the devil, were accused of "murdering Lord Henry Ross by
+witchcraft and torturing the Lord Francis his brother and Lady Catherine
+his sister." After various examinations they were committed to Lincoln
+gaol. The mother died at Ancaster, on her way thither, having wished the
+bread and butter she ate might choak her if she was guilty. The
+daughters were tried before Sir Henry Hobbert, Chief Justice of the
+Common Pleas, and Sir Edward Bromley, one of the Barons of the
+Exchequer; they confessed their guilt and were executed at Lincoln,
+March 11, 1618.
+
+[Sidenote: The Castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Charge of witchcraft.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County.  | Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+    41|Bemerton[A]     pa|Wilts     |Salisbury 2|Wilton     2|
+    36|Benacre         pa|Suffolk   |Yarmouth 17|Lowestoft  7|
+    29|Benridge       ham|Northumb  |Morpeth   3|Ruthbury  13|
+    28|Benefield[B]    pa|Northamton|Oundle    3|Weldon     6|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+    41|Bemerton[A]     pa|Amesbury             9|   83|      |
+    36|Benacre         pa|Blythburg            8|  108|      |
+    29|Benridge       ham|Blyth               14|  291|    57|
+    28|Benefield[B]    pa|Corby                8|   85|   519|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEMERTON, a parish in the hundred of Branch and Dole. The rectory of
+this place is interesting, as having been the residence of no less than
+four celebrated characters, viz. Dr. Walter Curie, Bishop of Bath and
+Wells, and afterwards of Winchester, who died in 1647; George Herbert,
+called the divine, who died in 1635; John Norris, a metaphysical writer,
+who died in 1711; and, lastly, Mr. Archdeacon Coxe, the traveller and
+historian, who died in 1828: all of them gentlemen highly distinguished
+in the annals of literature.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated men.]
+
+
+[B] BENEFIELD. In this parish are some remarkable cavities, called
+Swallows, which have opened a wide field of speculation among
+philosophers, who have grounded, upon the singular phenomena they
+exhibit, some new systems with regard to the theory of the earth. These
+swallows are situated about a furlong west of the village, and are nine
+in number. Through these cavities, the land-flood waters constantly pass
+and disappear. They are of a circular form, and of various diameters;
+some having an oblique, and others a perpendicular descent, opening
+beneath the apertures into large spaces, which exhibit several smaller
+conduits, through which the waters pass, to join perhaps, some
+subterranean river, or mingle with the grand abyss of waters, which some
+philosophers have placed in the centre of the earth.
+
+[Sidenote: Geological curiosities.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. |Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+     5|Bengers           ham|Bucks     |Colnbrook   3|Uxbridge    3|
+    21|Beneden[A]         pa|Kent      |Cranbrook   3|Tenterden   5|
+    13|Benfield-Side     ham|Durham    |Durham     12|Newcastle  13|
+    14|Benfleet, North    pa|Essex     |Rayleigh    4|Billericay  6|
+    14|Benfleet, South[B] pa|Essex     | ...        4| ...        9|
+    18|Bengeo             pa|Hertford  |Hertford    1|Ware        2|
+    15|Bengrove          ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury  6|Evesbam     7|
+    42|Bengworth          pa|Worcester |Worchester 16|Pershore    7|
+    36|Benhall            pa|Suffolk   |Saxmundham  2|Frainlingh  5|
+     4|Benham             to|Berks     |Newbury     3|Hungerford  6|
+     4|Benham-Hoe        ham|Berks     | ...        4|  ...       6|
+    44|Benningborough     to|N.R. York |York        7|Boro'bridge 8|
+    46|Benningholme       to|E.R. York |Beverly     7|Hornsea     7|
+    18|Bennington         pa|Hertford  |Stevenage   5|Buntingford 6|
+    24|Bennington         pa|Lincoln   |Boston      5|Wainfleet  12|
+    24|Bennington-Long[C] pa|Lincoln   |Grantham    7|Newark      7|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     5|Bengers           ham|Slough                 4|   18|       |
+    21|Beneden[A]         pa|Rolvenden              3|   51|   1663|
+    13|Benfield-Side     ham|Wolsingham            12|  270|    543|
+    14|Benfleet, North    pa|Southend               6|   29|    300|
+    14|Benfleet, South[B] pa| ...                   6|   32|    533|
+    18|Bengeo             pa|Watton                 5|   22|    855|
+    15|Bengrove          ham|Pershore               7|  101|       |
+    42|Bengworth          pa|Broadway               5|  100|    850|
+    36|Benhall            pa|Woodbridge             3|   89|    668|
+     4|Benham             to|Kinbury                3|   59|       |
+     4|Benham-Hoe        ham| ...                   4|   60|       |
+    44|Benningborough     to|Wetherby              10|  204|     93|
+    46|Benningholme       to|Hull                   8|  182|    103|
+    18|Bennington         pa|Watton                 3|   29|    631|
+    24|Bennington         pa|Burgh                 16|  121|    500|
+    24|Bennington-Long[C] pa|Leadenham              8|  116|    982|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] BENENDEN, or Biddenden, three miles south east from Cranbrook, is at
+present populous, though the clothing manufacture, which first
+occasioned the increase of the population of this part of the county, in
+the reign of Edward the Third, has for many years failed here. Several
+good houses still remaining, discover the prosperity of the former
+inhabitants. The church is a handsome regular building, and its tower a
+structure of considerable height and strength. By the old part now
+remaining, it appears to have been originally but small. The interior
+contains several ancient brasses, and among them, one for the Goldwells
+of Great Chart; with the dates 1452, and 1499, in Arabic numerals: the
+rebus of this name, a golden fountain, or well, is also in one of the
+windows. A free grammar school, now degenerated into a complete
+sinecure, was founded here in the year 1522. There is a tradition in
+this parish, that a bequest for the use of the poor, of 20 acres of
+land, now called the Bread and Cheese land, lying in five pieces, was
+given by two maiden sisters, commonly called the "Biddenden Maids," of
+the name of Chulkhurst, "who were born joined together by the hips and
+shoulders, in the year 1100;" and having lived in that state thirty-four
+years, died within about six hours of each other. This tale is affected
+to be established by the correspondent figures of two females impressed
+on cakes, which after Divine service, in the afternoon, on every Easter
+Sunday, are distributed to all comers, and not unfrequently to the
+number from 800 to 1000. At the same time, about 270 loaves, weighing
+three pounds and a half each, and cheese in proportion, are given to the
+poor parishioners; the whole expence being defrayed from the rental of
+the bequeathed lands. The marvellous part of the story however, was
+wholly discredited by the well informed, until the visit of the Siamese
+twins to this country revived it with some appearance of truth.
+
+[Sidenote: The Biddenden maids.]
+
+
+[B] BENFLEET lies south-west by south from Rayleigh. Here was a castle,
+built by Hastings, the celebrated Danish pirate, and which building
+Matthew of Westminster described, as having deep and wide ditches. This
+fortress Alfred the Great took and destroyed in the year 890; Hasting's
+wife and two sons taken therein, were sent to London. The creeks
+entering the Thames round Benfleet are celebrated for their oysters.
+
+[Sidenote: A pirate's castle.]
+
+
+[C] BENNINGTON, called Belintone in the Domesday Book, was a seat of the
+Mercian kings; and here a great council of nobility and prelates was
+assembled about the year 850, under King Bertulph, who on the complaint
+of Askill, a monk of Croyland, of the great devastations committed on
+the property of that monastery by the Danes, granted the monks a new
+charter of divers "splendid liberties," and several extensive manors. In
+the 33d of Edward I. a charter of a weekly market, and a fair annually,
+was granted for this manor; but the former has long fallen into disuse!
+The manor was long in possession of the Bourchiers, Earls of Essex.
+Robert, the third Earl, after his divorce from the infamous Lady Francis
+Howard, his first wife, in 1613, sold it to Sir Julius Cæsar, Knt., from
+whom it descended to his son and heir, Sir Charles Cæsar. This gentleman
+was appointed Master of the Rolls in 1638; and, after being twice
+married, and having fifteen children by both wives, died of the
+small-pox, at Bennington, in 1643: this disease proved fatal also to
+several of his issue, and among them, to Julius, his eldest surviving
+son, who dying within a few days, was buried in the same grave with his
+father. Henry, his next son, and heir, represented this county in the
+two first parliaments held in the reign of Charles II.; and he was
+knighted by that sovereign in 1660: he also died of the small-pox, in
+January 1667. This manor was sold to the trustees under the will of Sir
+John Cheshire, Knt. His great nephew, John Cheshire, Esq., resided in a
+small mansion near the ancient castle at Bennington, which stood
+westward from the church, and most probably occupied the spot whereon
+stood the palace of the Saxon Kings. The artificial mount of the keep,
+with the surrounding ditch, are still to be seen. The old manor-house
+that had been inhabited by the Cæsars, stood in the park, at a small
+distance from the village, but was burnt down about fifty years ago. A
+small edifice, since erected on the site, was for some years occupied by
+Mr. Bullock. Bennington church is a small fabric, consisting of a nave
+and a chancel, with a tower at the west end, and a chapel or
+burial-place connected with the chancel on the north. Here are two
+ancient monuments, under arches, which form part of them, each
+exhibiting recumbent figures of a knight and a lady. Many of the Cæsars
+lie buried here. The Benstede family, sometime lords of the manor, are
+supposed to have built this church, as their arms are displayed both
+upon the roof and on the tower. In a niche over the south porch, St.
+Michael and the dragon are sculptured.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient charters.]
+
+[Sidenote: The small-pox fatal to Cheshires.]
+
+[Sidenote: Their monuments.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.    |  County. |Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+    24|Benningworth       pa|Lincoln   |Wragby      6|Horncastle   9|
+    29|Bewridge           to|Northumb  |Morpeth     2|Rothbury    12|
+    31|Bensinton[A]       pa|Oxford    |Wallingford 2|Nettlebed    6|
+    14|Bentfield         ham|Essex     |Stanstead   2|B. Stortford 4|
+    33|Benthall           pa|Salop     |Wenlock     3|Madeley      6|
+    15|Bentham           ham|Gloucester|Gloucester  5|Cheltenham   5|
+    44|Bentham       pa & to|W.R. York |Settle     12|Ingleton     5|
+    16|Bentley            pa|Hants     |Farnham     4|Alton        6|
+    35|Bentley      to & lib|Stafford  |Walsall     2|S. Coldfield 7|
+    36|Bentley            pa|Suffolk   |Ipswich     6|Manningtree 12|
+    39|Bentley           ham|Warwick   |Atherstone  3|Coleshill    7|
+    46|Bentley            to|W.R. York |Doncaster   2|Arksey       1|
+    10|Bentley, Fenny     pa|Derby     |Ashborne    3|Wirksworth   8|
+    14|Bentley, Great     pa|Essex     |Colchester  9|Manningtree  9|
+    10|Bentley, Hungry    to|Derby     |Ashborne    6|Derby       10|
+    14|Bentley, Little    pa|Essex     |Manningtree 5|Colchester   9|
+    42|Bentley, Up. & L. ham|Worcester |Bromsgrove  3|Redditch     3|
+    29|Benton, Little     to|Northumb  |Newcastle   4|N. Shields   6|
+    29|Benton, Long[B]    pa|Northumb  | ...        4| ...         6|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    24|Benningworth       pa|Louth                  9|  145|     373|
+    29|Bewridge           to|Blyth                 11|  290|      53|
+    31|Bensinton[A]       pa|Dorchester             3|   46|    1266|
+    14|Bentfield         ham|Saff. Walden           9|   34|     505|
+    33|Benthall           pa|Wellington             7|  150|     525|
+    15|Bentham           ham|Painswick              7|  104|        |
+    44|Bentham       pa & to|Lancaster             13|  247|    3957|
+    16|Bentley            pa|Odiham                 6|   42|     728|
+    35|Bentley      to & lib|Lichfield              8|  120|      99|
+    36|Bentley            pa|Harwich               18|   69|     363|
+    39|Bentley           ham|Birmingham            16|  106|     270|
+    46|Bentley            to|Thorne                10|  164|    1144|
+    10|Bentley, Fenny     pa|Derby                 16|  142|     308|
+    14|Bentley, Great     pa|Harwich               13|   60|     978|
+    10|Bentley, Hungry    to|Uttoxeter              9|  136|      92|
+    14|Bentley, Little    pa|Harwich               10|   60|     438|
+    42|Bentley, Up. & L. ham|Birmingham            14|  113|        |
+    29|Benton, Little     to|Blyth                  9|  278|        |
+    29|Benton, Long[B]    pa| ...                   9|  278|    5547|
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BENSINGTON was an ancient British town, taken from the original
+inhabitants by Ceaulin, in the year 572. The west Saxons held the place
+for two centuries, and appear to have constructed a castle for its
+defence; but it was reduced by Offa, king of the Mercians, who defeated
+his rival in a sanguinary contest. To the west of the church are a
+quadrangular bank and trench. Three sides of the embankment are much
+defaced. Plot mentions an "angle of King Offa's palace near the church;"
+by which he probably alludes to the same spot. In this village are
+several modern buildings. The church, which is gothic, has been built at
+different times. In the brick flooring of the nave are some ancient
+stones, with mutilated brasses. Here is a Sunday-school supported by
+subscription; and a meeting-house for methodists.
+
+[Sidenote: A Mercian King.]
+
+
+[B] LONG BENTON. A dreadful calamity occurred at Heaton Colliery, in
+this neighbourhood, on the morning of May 3, 1815, when, by the sudden
+influx of water from an old mine, Mr. Miller, (the under-viewer, who
+left a wife and eight children), 22 workmen, 42 boys, and 37 horses,
+perished; and 25 widows, with about 80 children, were left to bemoan the
+sudden death of their husbands and fathers. Steam-engines were
+immediately employed, and every exertion was made for the recovery of
+the bodies; notwithstanding which, it was not till the 6th of January,
+in the following year, that the first body was found. It was that of an
+old man employed on the waggon-way: and a fact worthy of notice is, that
+the waste-water in which he had been immersed had destroyed the woollen
+clothes, and corroded the iron parts of a knife the deceased had in his
+pocket, yet his linen and the bone-haft of his knife remained entire.
+Shortly after, Mr. Miller, and a few others, were discovered: they had
+met a similar fate, having been overtaken by the water about a hundred
+yards from the shaft to which they had been hastening to save
+themselves. But the lot of these eight persons may be considered
+fortunate, when compared with the unhappy beings left at work towards
+the rise of the mine, and as yet unconscious of their dreadful
+situation. About the 16th of February, the higher parts of the workings
+were explored; and now a scene truly horrible was presented to view: for
+here lay the corpses of 56 human beings, whom the water had never
+reached, being situated 35 fathoms above its level. They had collected
+together near the crane, and were found within a space of 30 yards of
+each other; their positions and attitudes were various; several appeared
+to have fallen forwards from off an inequality, or rather step, in the
+coal on which they had been sitting; others, from their hands being
+clasped together, seemed to have expired while addressing themselves to
+the protection of the Deity; two, who were recognized as brothers, had
+died in the act of taking a last farewell by grasping each other's hand:
+and one poor boy reposed in his father's arms. Two slight cabins had
+been hastily constructed by nailing up deal boards, and in one of these
+melancholy habitations three of the stoutest miners had breathed their
+last. A large lump of horse flesh, wrapped up in a jacket, nearly two
+pounds of candles, and three others, which had died out when
+half-burned, were found in this apartment, if it can be so called. One
+man, well known to have possessed a remarkably pacific disposition, had
+retired to a distance to end his days alone, and in quiet. Another had
+been placed to watch the rise or fall of the water; to ascertain which,
+sticks had been placed, and was found dead at his post. There were two
+horses in the part of the mine to which the people had retired; one had
+been slaughtered, its entrails taken out, and hind quarters cut up for
+use; the other was fastened to a stake, which it had almost gnawed to
+pieces, as well as a corfe or coal basket that had been left within its
+reach. That these ill-fated people perished for want of respirable air,
+and not from hunger and thirst, is certain; for most of the flesh cut
+from the horse, with a considerable quantity of horse-beans, were
+unconsumed, and a spring of good water issued into this part of the
+colliery; besides, the unburned remains of candles afford evidence of a
+still stronger nature; and by these data the coroner's jury was enabled
+to pronounce a verdict accordingly. The overman had left the
+chalk-board, in which it is usual to take down an account of the work
+done, together with his pocket-book, in an empty corfe; on these some
+memorandum might have been expected to be noted: but no writing
+subsequent to the catastrophe appeared on either.--The bodies of those
+men which had lain in wet places were much decayed; but where the floor
+was dry, though their flesh had become much shrivelled, they were all
+easily recognised by their features being entire.
+
+[Sidenote: Dreadful accident.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fifty-six lives lost in a mine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cause of their death.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. |  County. | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    45|Bents-Green      |W.R. York |Sheffield  3|Bakewell    13|
+    16|Bentworth      pa|Hants     |Alton      5|Alresford    8|
+    12|Benville      ham|Dorset    |Beaminster 4|Crewkherne   6|
+    23|Benwell        to|Northumb  |Newcastle  2|Corbridge   14|
+     6|Benwick      chap|Cambridge |March      6|Chatteris    6|
+    42|Beoley         pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 8|Redditch     3|
+    38|Bepton         pa|Sussex    |Midhurst   3|Petersield   9|
+    14|Berdin         pa|Essex     |Stanstead  6|Saff. Walden 9|
+    15|Berdwick      ham|Gloucester|Bristol    8|Marshfield   4|
+    14|Bere-Church    pa|Essex     |Colchester 2|Coggeshall  10|
+    12|Bere          ham|Dorset    |Blandford  7|Shaftesbury  8|
+    16|Bere-Lay      ham|Hants     |Newport    7|Niton        2|
+    36|Bergholt, East pa|Suffolk   |Hadleigh   6|Ipswich      8|
+    14|Bergholt, West pa|Essex     |Colchester 4|Witham      13|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    45|Bents-Green      |Castleton            12|  163|        |
+    16|Bentworth      pa|Basingstoke           8|   52|     592|
+    12|Benville      ham|Yeovil                8|  130|        |
+    23|Benwell        to|Hexham               18|  276|    1278|
+     6|Benwick      chap|Peterborough          6|   81|     526|
+    42|Beoley         pa|Birmingham           11|  112|     673|
+    38|Bepton         pa|Chichester           10|   53|     166|
+    14|Berdin         pa|Bis. Stortford        6|   36|     342|
+    15|Berdwick      ham|Sodbury               5|   97|        |
+    14|Bere-Church    pa|Aberton               3|   52|     142|
+    12|Bere          ham|Sturminster           5|  109|        |
+    16|Bere-Lay      ham|Shanklin             10|   93|        |
+    36|Bergholt, East pa|Manningtree           3|   63|    1360|
+    14|Bergholt, West pa|Halstead             10|   10|     786|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. |Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+---------+-----------+
+    15|Berkeley[A] m.t. & pa|Gloucester|Dursley 6|Chepstow 13|
+    34|Berkeley           pa|Somerset  |Frome   3|Bath     12|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+---------+-----------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+    15|Berkeley[A] m.t. & pa|Thornbury          7|  114| 3899|
+    34|Berkeley           pa|Warminster         7|  103|  531|
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BERKELEY. This ancient, but small town, is situated upon a pleasant
+eminence in the beautiful vale of Berkeley, almost east from the Severn.
+In the Domesday book, it is termed a royal domain and free borough. A
+nunnery is said to have existed here in the reign of Edward the
+Confessor; the frail sisters of which were dispossessed of their
+estates, including the manor, by the craft of Earl Godwin, who found
+means to introduce into the community a profligate young man, by whom
+the nuns were seduced. This conduct being reported to the King, the
+nunnery was dissolved, and its possessions granted to the Earl. The
+Conqueror afterwards bestowed the manor on Roger, surnamed De Berkeley,
+a chieftain who had accompanied him to England. Roger, his grandson,
+taking part with Stephen, against Henry II., was deprived of his lands;
+and Berkeley was given by that monarch to Robert Fitzharding, Governor
+of Bristol, in reward for his eminent services. This nobleman was
+descended from the Kings of Denmark, and in his posterity the extensive
+manor of Berkeley, one of the largest in England, is still vested.
+Berkeley church appears to be of the age of Henry II., though it has
+undergone various alterations. Near the pulpit is a curious tomb, in
+memory of Thomas, second Lord Berkeley, and Margaret, his first wife.
+Here also are various other monuments of this family. The tower, which
+stands at some distance from the church, was constructed about seventy
+years ago. In the churchyard is the well known ludicrous epitaph,
+written by Dean Swift, in memory of "Dickey Pearce, the Earl of
+Suffolk's fool." Berkeley Castle appears to have been founded by Roger
+de Berkeley, soon after the Conquest; but various important additions
+were made to it during the reigns of Henry II., Edward II., and Edward
+III. The form of the castle approaches nearest to that of a circle; and
+the buildings are included by an irregular court, with a moat. The keep
+is flanked by three semi-circular towers, and a square one of subsequent
+construction: its walls are high and massive: the entrance into it is
+under an arched doorway, with ornamental sculpture in the Norman style,
+similar to one at Arundel Castle. This fortress has been the scene of
+various memorable transactions; the most remarkable, perhaps, was that
+of the murder of Edward II., in September, 1327, thus noticed by Gray:--
+
+   "Mark the year, and mark the night,
+   When Severn shall re-echo with affright,
+   The shrieks of death through Berkeley's roofs that ring;
+   Shrieks of an agonising King!"
+
+Tradition states, that when the murder of King Edward had been
+determined on, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, at the instigation of the
+Queen, wrote to the keeper the following words; which, not possessing
+the distinctness imported by punctuation, were capable of a double
+construction:
+
+   "Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est."
+   Edward the King kill not to fear is good.
+
+The keeper, easily divining the wicked wishes of his employer, put his
+royal master to death. According to another account, when the death of
+this unfortunate, but weak sovereign, had been resolved on by the Queen
+and Mortimer, her infamous paramour, he was removed from Kenelworth to
+Berkeley Castle, by Sir John Maltravers and Sir Thomas Gourney, to whose
+keeping he had been previously committed. Thomas, second Lord Berkeley,
+then owner of the castle, treated him with civility and kindness, but
+was, in a short time, obliged to relinquish his fortress to the
+government of Maltravers and Gourney, by whom the King was soon
+afterwards murdered, in the most brutal and savage manner. "His crie,"
+says Holinshed, "did move many within the castell and town of Birckelei
+to compassion, plainly hearing him utter a waileful noyse, as the
+tormentors were about to murder him; so that dyvers being awakened
+thereby, (as they themselves confessed,) prayed heartilie to God to
+receyve his soule, when they understode by his crie what the matter
+ment." A small apartment, called the dungeon room, over the flight of
+steps leading into the keep, is shewn as the place where the cruel deed
+was committed: at that time, all the light it received was from arrow
+slits; the windows have been since introduced. A plaister cast kept
+here, and said to have been moulded from the King's face after death,
+is, in reality, a cast from his effigies on the tomb at Gloucester.
+Berkeley Castle, during the civil wars, was held for the King; and
+frequent skirmishes took place in the town and neighbourhood. In 1645 it
+was besieged, and surrendered to the parliament, after a defence of nine
+days. In the apartments, which are mostly low, dark, and void of
+proportion, are preserved a numerous assemblage of portraits, chiefly of
+the Stratton branch, the bequest of the last heir of that family.
+Besides these portraits, here are several miniatures of the Berkeleys,
+of considerable antiquity, and so far curious. A few landscapes, by
+Wouvermans, Claude, Salvator Rosa, &c. complete the Berkeley collection.
+Edward Jenner, an English physician, celebrated for having introduced
+the practice of vaccination, as a preventive of the small-pox, was the
+youngest son of a clergyman, who held the rectory of Rochampton, and the
+vicarage of this place, and the son was born here, May 17, 1749. Being
+destined for the medical profession, he was, after a common school
+education, placed as an apprentice with a very respectable surgeon, at
+Sodbury, in his native country. He visited London, to finish his
+studies, by attending the lectures of the celebrated anatomist John
+Hunter. Returning to the country, he settled here, as a practitioner of
+the various branches of his profession. A situation like this afforded
+but little leisure or opportunity for acquiring distinction, and an
+occasion presented itself for obtaining a larger field for observation,
+improvement, and emolument: this, however, he was induced to decline.
+The circumstances of the transaction are thus related by Dr. Lettsom, in
+his address to the London Medical Society:--"Dr. Jenner happened to dine
+with a large party at Bath, when something was introduced at the table
+which required to be warmed by the application of the candle, and doubts
+were expressed by several persons present, whether the most speedy way
+would be to keep the flame at a little distance under, or to immerse the
+substance into it. Jenner desired that the candle might be placed near
+him, and immediately putting his finger into the flame, suffered it to
+remain some time; next he put his finger above it, but he was obliged to
+snatch it away immediately. 'This, gentlemen,' said he, 'is a sufficient
+test.' The next day he received a note from General Smith, who had been
+of the party the preceding day, and who was before that time an utter
+stranger, offering him an appointment in India, which would insure him,
+in the course of two or three years, an annual income £3,000. The offer
+was referred to his brother, and Jenner, from his attachment to him,
+declined it." He had already obtained the reputation of a man of talent
+and science, when he made known to the world the very important
+discovery which has raised him to an enviable situation among the
+benefactors of the human race. His investigations concerning the cow-pox
+were commenced about the year 1776, when his attention was excited by
+the circumstance of finding that some individuals, to whom he attempted
+to communicate the small-pox by inoculation, were insusceptible of the
+disease; and on inquiry he found that all such patients, though they had
+never had the small-pox, had undergone the casual cow-pox, a disease
+common among the farmers and dairy-servants in Gloucestershire, who were
+not quite unacquainted with its preventive effect. Other medical men
+were aware of the prevalence of this opinion; but they treated it as a
+popular prejudice, and Jenner seems to have been the first who
+ascertained its correctness, and endeavoured to derive from it some
+practical advantage. He discovered that the variolæ vaccinæ, as the
+complaint has been since termed, having, in the first-instance, been
+produced by accidental or designed innoculation of the matter afforded
+by a peculiar disease affecting the udder of a cow, could be propagated
+from one human subject to another by inoculation, to an indefinite
+extent, rendering all who passed through it secure from the small-pox.
+He made known his discovery to some medical friends, and in the month of
+July, 1796, Mr. Cline, surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, introduced
+vaccination into the metropolis. So singular and anomalous a fact as the
+prevention of an infectious disease by means of another, in many
+respects extremely differing from it, could not but be received with
+hesitation; and a warm controversy took place on the subject among the
+medical faculty. This ultimately proved advantageous both to the
+discovery and the discoverer, as it terminated in establishing the truth
+of the most important positions which he had advanced, and left him in
+full possession of the merit due to him as a successful investigator of
+the laws of nature. The practice of vaccine inoculation was adopted in
+the army and navy, and honours and rewards were conferred on the author
+of the discovery. The diploma constituting him doctor of medicine, was
+presented to Jenner as a tribute to his talents, by the University of
+Oxford; he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society, and of other
+learned associations; and a parliamentary grant was made to him of the
+sum of £20,000. The extension of the benefits of vaccination to foreign
+countries spread the fame of the discoverer, who received several
+congratulatory addresses from continental potentates. The emperor of
+Russia, when in this country in 1814, sought an interview with Dr.
+Jenner, treated him with great attention, and offered to bestow on him a
+Russian order of nobility. He also visited the King of Prussia, Marshal
+Blucher, and the Cossack General, Count Platoff, the latter of whom said
+to him, "Sir, you have extinguished the most pestilential disorder that
+ever appeared on the banks of the Don." On receiving his diploma, Dr.
+Jenner practised as a physician at Cheltenham, during the season, and
+that watering-place was his principal residence till he became a
+widower, when he removed to Berkeley, to spend in retirement the evening
+of his life. He died suddenly in consequence of apoplexy, January 26,
+1823, and was interred in the parish church of this town.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fair_, May 14, for cattle and pigs.
+
+[Sidenote: The nunnery.]
+
+[Sidenote: The castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Murder of Edward II.]
+
+[Sidenote: Besieged by the Parliament.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Jenner.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote.]
+
+[Sidenote: Discovery of vaccination by the cow-pox.]
+
+[Sidenote: Jenner's subsequent fame.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.              |County.|Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+
+    18|Berkhampstead, Gr.[A]  m.t. & pa|Herts  |Watford  12|Tring     5|
+    18|Berkhampstead, Little         pa|Herts  |Hertford  5|Hatfield  5|
+    39| Berkeswell                   pa|Warwick|Coventry  7|Solihull  7|
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.              |Number of Miles    |Dist.|Popul
+                                       |  From             |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------------------+-----+-----+
+    18|Berkhampstead, Gr.[A]  m.t. & pa|Dunstable        11|   26| 2369|
+    18|Berkhampstead, Little         pa|Hoddesdon         6|   19|  450|
+    39| Berkeswell                   pa|Meriden           2|   93| 1450|
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BERKHAMPSTEAD. "The Saxons, in old time," observes Norden, "called
+this town Berghamstedt, because it was seated among the hills; for Berg
+signified a hill; ham, a town; and stedt, a seat; all of which was very
+proper for the situation hereof." The buildings are chiefly of brick,
+and irregular, but intersected with various handsome houses.
+Berkhampstead consists of one principal street, about half a mile in
+length, extending along the side of the high road; and another smaller
+one branching out from the church towards the site of the castle. The
+Grand Junction Canal runs the whole length of the town, and very close
+to it, which makes it a place of considerable trade. Many respectable
+and genteel families reside here, and hold their monthly balls at the
+King's Arms Inn, during the winter. The King of Mercia had a palace or
+castle here; and the town had attained sufficient importance at the time
+of the Conquest, to be appointed as the place of meeting between the
+Norman sovereign, and the chiefs of the confederacy formed against his
+power, and headed by Abbot Fretheric, of St. Alban's. "In the brough,"
+says the Domesday Book, "are two and fifty burgesses, who pay four
+pounds a year for toll; and they have half a hide, and two shillings
+rent, common of pasture for the cattle, wood to feed a thousand hogs,
+and five shillings rent by the year. Its whole value is sixteen pounds.
+The castle erected by the Saxons was enlarged, strengthened, and
+fortified with additional outworks, by the Earl of Mortaigne; but in the
+time of his son and successor, William, who had rebelled against Henry
+I., it was seized, and ordered to be razed to the ground." It is
+probable, however, that the demolition was only partial, as it was again
+fitted up as a royal residence, either in the time of Stephen, or early
+in the reign of Henry II. The castle and honour of Berkhampstead
+continued in the possession of the crown till the seventh of King John,
+who granted them to the Earl of Essex, for £100. per annum. In the year
+1216 the castle, which had been reverted to the crown, was besieged by
+Lewis, Dauphin of France, in conjunction with certain English barons.
+The garrison, taking advantage of the negligence of the besiegers, made
+two successful sallies on the same day, capturing divers chariots, arms,
+and provisions; but, after a siege of some continuance, they
+surrendered. Henry III. granted the Earldom of Cornwall, with the honour
+and castle of Berkhampstead, to Richard, his brother, for his services
+at the siege of the castle of Riole, in France; but, disagreeing with
+him, he revoked the grant. The interposition of the Earls of Pembroke
+and Chester occasioned its restoration to the Earl of Cornwall. In 1245,
+the King granted him an annual fair, of eight days' continuance, for his
+manor of Berkhampstead; and here, after a long illness, he died on the
+4th of April, 1272. Edmund, his only surviving son, succeeded to his
+estates and titles; and in his time there were twelve burgesses within
+the borough, with fifty-two free tenants, and twenty-two tenants by
+serjeancy. This Earl founded the college of Bon-Hommes, at Ashridge, in
+Buckinghamshire. In the fourth of Edward III., John of Eltham, brother
+to the King, had a grant of Berkhampstead, with other manors, to the
+value of 2,000 marks per annum: but, dying without issue, in 1336, his
+estates were granted by the King, to Edward the Black Prince, with the
+Dukedom of Cornwall, to be held by him and his heirs, and the eldest
+sons of the heirs of the King's of England. Richard II. occasionally
+resided at Berkhampstead castle. Since that period, the castle and
+honour of Berkhampstead have descended from the crown, to the successive
+Princes of Wales, as heirs apparent to the throne, and possessors of the
+Dukedom of Cornwall, under the grant of Edward III. The castle was
+situated on the east side of the town; and, though the buildings are now
+reduced to a few massive fragments of wall, the remains are still
+sufficient to evince the ancient strength and importance of this
+fortress. The ramparts are very bold, and the ditches still wide and
+deep, particularly on the north and east sides, though partly filled up
+by the lapse of centuries. The keep was a circular tower, occupying the
+summit of a high and steep artificial mount, moated round. Large trees
+are now growing on the sides of the mount, as well as on many parts of
+the outward rampart, and declivities of the ditches: other parts are
+covered with underwood, in many places so thick as to be impassable. The
+inner court is now an orchard; the outer court is cultivated as a farm;
+and a small cottage, with a few out-buildings, now occupies a portion of
+the ground once occupied by Princes and Sovereigns. Near the rampart, on
+the west side, flows the little river Bulbourne. The church, dedicated
+to St. Peter, is built in the form of a cross, with a tower rising from
+the intersection towards the west end, and having a projecting staircase
+at the south-east angle, terminated by a turret at the summit. The tower
+is supported on strong pointed arches, and was originally open, but is
+now closed from the church by the belfry floor. On the outside of the
+tower, next the street, is a sculpture of an angel supporting a shield,
+impaled with the arms of England and France quarterly. The same arms are
+painted on glass in the window of a small chapel within the church.
+Various chapels and chantries were founded here in the Catholic times,
+and are still partially divided from the body of the church. The
+sepulchral memorials are numerous. Between two columns of the nave,
+surrounded by pews, is an ancient tomb of rich workmanship, having on
+the top, full-length effigies of a Knight and his Lady, both recumbent.
+The Knight is represented in armour, with his hands raised in the
+attitude of prayer across his breast: his head rests on a helmet, having
+a human head, with a long beard, at the upper end; his feet are
+supported on a lion: he has on a hood and gorget of mail; and, on the
+sash, which crosses his body and shoulder, is a rose: opposite to this,
+on his breast-plate, is a dove. The figure of the lady is greatly
+mutilated; her hands and head are broken off; the latter rests on a
+cushion, and is covered with net-work; she is arrayed in a close dress,
+and has a rose on each shoulder. No inscription is remaining on this
+tomb to designate the persons to whose memory it was erected. Torynton
+is supposed to have been the founder of the church; a man in special
+favour with Edmond Plantagenet, Duke of Cornwall. In Sayer's chancel is
+an altar-tomb of alabaster and black marble, in the memory of John
+Sayer, Esq., who was chief cook to Charles II. when in exile, and
+founder of the alms-house for poor widows in this town. A large and
+strong building of brick, erected as a free-school in the reign of Henry
+VIII., and endowed with the lands of the guild or brotherhood of St.
+John the Baptiste, (an ancient foundation in this town,) stands at the
+bottom of the churchyard. In the next reign the school was made a royal
+foundation, and incorporated. The master is appointed by the crown, and
+has apartments at one end of the free school; the school-room occupies
+the centre; and the other end is inhabited by the chaplain and usher.
+Here is also a charity-school, supported by voluntary contributions, &c.
+Numerous donations for charitable purposes have been made to this
+parish, the principal of which was a bequest of £1,000., made by John
+Sayer, Esq., in July, 1681, for the building and endowment of an alms
+house: this was erected after his decease by his relict, who placed in
+it six poor widows, and increased the original endowment by the gift of
+£300. Each widow has a small allowance weekly, and a cloth gown worth
+20s. once in two years. In the 14th of Edward III., two representatives
+were sent from this borough; but this was the only return ever made,
+except to the great council held at Westminster, in the 11th of the same
+King. Berkhampstead had a charter of incorporation granted by James I.,
+but it scarcely survived the reign of his son. An attempt was made to
+revive the charter, a year or two after the restoration, but it did not
+succeed. The honour of Berkhampstead formerly included upwards of
+fifty-five lordships and manors, in the three counties of Herts,
+Northampton, and Buckingham. Berkhampstead-place is situated on a
+pleasant eminence adjoining the town. Great part of the structure was
+erected by the Careys, having been burnt down in the time of the Lord
+Treasurer Weston, who then resided in it: the remainder was afterwards
+repaired, and with some additions, forms the present dwelling. King
+James's children were mostly nursed in this house. The life of Cowper,
+the poet, who was born here, will be given at Olney, on account of the
+length of the present article.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Shrove-Monday, Whit-Monday, for cattle;
+   Aug. 5, cheese; September 29, Oct. 11, statute.--_Mail_ arrives 11.30
+   night; departs 3.30 morning.--_Inn_, Kings Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Description.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its ancient castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: The seat of Kings and Nobles.]
+
+[Sidenote: Now in ruins.]
+
+[Sidenote: The church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Free school.]
+
+[Sidenote: Contained fifty-five lordships.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. | Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+     4|Berkshire[A]  co|          |            |            |
+    29|Berling       to|Northumb. |Alnwick    7|Felton     7|
+    35|Bermersley    to|Stafford  |Newcastle  6|Leek       7|
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+     4|Berkshire[A]  co|                       |     |145289|
+    29|Berling       to|Widrington            7|  306|      |
+    35|Bermersley    to|Cheadle              11|  156|   244|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BERKSHIRE. This county was originally inhabited by three tribes or
+nations, termed by the Romans Attrebates, Bibroces, and Segontiaci. The
+first occupied part of the west, the south-west and north-west parts.
+The second the south-east parts; and the third a portion of the north
+parts. Under the Romans, this county formed part of the first division
+called Britannia Prima. During the Heptarchy it belonged to the West
+Saxons. It was once called Berrocshire, from the name of a hill covered
+with box, which at one time occupied a large portion of it. It is an
+inland county, bounded on the north by the Thames, which divides it from
+Oxfordshire on the west, and Bucks on the east; and by part of Surrey;
+on the north by Surrey and Hampshire; and on the west by Wilts and a
+small part of Gloucestershire. It is so very irregular in its shape as
+not to admit of any adequate description. Its greatest length is about
+forty-eight miles, and its utmost breadth from north to south about
+twenty-five. In one of the narrowest parts, by Reading, it is about six
+or seven miles, and less still at the eastern extremity. It contains
+about 464,500 acres, and is about 140 miles in circumference; it is in
+the province of Canterbury, and the diocese of Salisbury; (the parish of
+Chilton, which is in the diocese of Oxford, and Langford, which is in
+that of Lincoln, excepted;) subject to an archdeacon, and is divided
+into six deaneries. It is included in the Oxford circuit. There are 20
+hundreds, 12 market towns, 148 parishes (of which 67 are vicarages,) and
+671 villages. The natural divisions of the county are four, 1. The Vale,
+beginning at Budcot, and ending at Streatley. 2. The Chalky Hills,
+running nearly through the centre of the lower part of the county. 3.
+The Vale of the Kennet, extending diagonally from Hungerford to near
+Wargrave. 4. The Forest Division, commencing on the east to Loddon, and
+occupying nearly the entire breadth of this part of the county to Old
+Windsor, and from Sandhurst south to Maidenhead north. The air is deemed
+peculiarly salubrious, particularly on the chalky and gravelly soils,
+which are the most common throughout the county; but the uneven face of
+the country causes some slight degree of variation in this particular,
+though every part is considered healthful and good. The soil is as
+various (though perhaps more mixed) as in the last described county. The
+Vale of White Horse consists generally of a rich strong loam and gravel,
+with some sand and stone brasp, producing corn, wheat, beans, &c. In the
+Chalk Hill district, light black earth on chalk prevails, with flint,
+chalk, gravel, and loam. Here numerous sheep are fed; it produces,
+towards the south and east, turnips, barley; and, when properly manured,
+Lammas wheat and artificial grasses. The Vale of Kennet, is generally
+peat land, with gravel, loam and clay, though in the south east parts a
+poor stony and heathy soil. The Forest District, gravel, clay, and loam,
+except on the south, which is poor and heathy. The principal rivers and
+streams are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the Lambourn, the Ock,
+the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater. All these, with perhaps the
+exception of the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater, abound with
+almost every kind of fresh water fish. Besides these rivers and streams,
+there are the Ginge Brook, the Moreton Brook, and other rivulets, &c.;
+also some other natural and artificial lakes and ponds. Water, however,
+is generally scarce on the Berkshire downs, and along the whole of the
+chalky stratum. The navigable rivers are the Thames and the Kennet. The
+navigable canals are the Kennet and Avon canal, which joins the river
+Kennet a little above Newbury; the entire length from Newbury to Bath is
+sixty miles--it has been navigable since the year 1798; and the Wilts
+and Berks canal, opened on September 21, 1810, into the Thames at
+Abingdon; from near Bath to Abingdon, about fifty-one and three-quarter
+miles. Mineral waters are by no means common in this county. The natural
+productions of this county, except those which may be considered partly
+agricultural, are neither plentiful or important. There are no minerals
+nor fossils of any great consequence. The strata of sand with
+oyster-shells, and particularly a thick stratum of chalk, is found near
+Reading. The surface of the soil, however, amply compensates for the
+apparent barrenness of the internal parts; and the produce of fat
+cattle, sheep, swine, and grain, is immense; as is also that of fine
+timber, especially oak and beech. Abingdon gives the title of Earl to
+the Bertie family--Coleshill, that of Baron to the Pleydell-Bouverie
+family--Foxley, that of Baron to the Townshend family--Hungerford, that
+of Baron to the Rawdon-Hastings family--Mortimer, the title of Earl to
+the Harley family--Newbury, that of Baron to the Cholmondely
+family--Uffingham, that of Viscount to the Craven family--and Windsor,
+the title of Baron to the Windsor-Hickman family; and Earl, to the
+Stuarts. It has been calculated, that, including houses, mills, and
+other productive revenue arising from or attached to the soil, the
+landed property cannot amount to less than £500,000 per annum, and that
+the largest possessor may have about £8000. The largest possessor, being
+a peer, is the Earl of Craven. The Craven, Englefield, Eyston, Read,
+Southby, Seymour, and Clarke families are among the few ancient families
+who still inherit the same estates, and occupy the same seats, or are
+immediately connected with the county, as their ancestors. Among the
+representatives of some very old families, or in the female line, may be
+ranked the Berties, the Nevilles, the Pleydells, the Puseys, the
+Throckmortons, the Lovedens, the Nelsons, and the Blagraves. The King is
+purposely omitted in this brief list:--his possessions as a landed
+proprietor being well known. Agriculture so much engrosses the attention
+of the people of Berkshire, that very little trade, unconnected with
+these pursuits is carried on. There are, however, some manufactories of
+sail-cloth, kerseys, canvass, and malt; and there are also several
+pretty large breweries in various parts of the county: the Windsor ale
+having acquired considerable celebrity; and at the Temple mills, near
+Bisham, there is a copper manufacture, and a manufacture of potash at
+Milton.
+
+[Sidenote: Its ancient division into three nations.]
+
+[Sidenote: Air, soil, and rivers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Natural productions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient and noble families.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. | Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+     7|Bermondsey[A] pa|Surrey    |Bank of Eng. 1|Westm. Ab.  2|
+     9|Berrier       to|Cumberland|Penrith      8|Keswick    10|
+    36|Berriew         |Montgomery|Welch Pool   5|Newtown     9|
+     5|Berrington   ham|Gloucester|Stow         7|Moreton     8|
+    33|Berrington    pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury   5|Wellington 10|
+    42|Berrington    to|Worcester |Tenbury      3|Leominster  8|
+    34|Berrow        pa|Somerset  |Axbridge     9|Weston      8|
+    42|Berrow        pa|Worcester |Upton        5|Malvern     6|
+    ?1|Berry Narbor  pa|Devon     |Ilfracombe   3|Barnstaple  8|
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+     7|Bermondsey[A] pa|Rotherhithe             1|    1|  29741|
+     9|Berrier       to|Carlisle               20|  291|    113|
+    36|Berriew         |Montgomery              4|  172|   2429|
+     5|Berrington   ham|Evesham                 8|   94|    129|
+    33|Berrington    pa|Act. Burnell           10|  152|    684|
+    42|Berrington    to|Ludlow                  7|  133|    165|
+    34|Berrow        pa|Bridgewater            12|  139|    496|
+    42|Berrow        pa|Tewkesbury              7|  110|    507|
+    ?1|Berry Narbor  pa|C. Martin               3|  201|    794|
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BERMONDSEY stretches along the banks of the Thames, from Southwark
+to Deptford, and Rotherhithe eastward, and is much inhabited by
+woolstaplers, fellmongers, curriers, parchment-makers, and other
+manufacturers, with such craftsmen as are connected with the
+construction and management of shipping. A priory for monks was founded
+here in 1082, by Aylwin Child, a citizen of London, and endowed by the
+second William with his manor of Bermondsey. In 1399, it was made an
+abbey, and at the dissolution, it was granted to Sir Thomas Pope, who
+built on its site a large house, which afterwards became the property
+and residence of the Earls of Sussex. Another part of the site is called
+the Abbey House. Catherine, the Queen of Henry V., and Elizabeth, Queen
+of Edward IV. retired to this place, where they died, the former in
+1436; the latter soon after the forfeiture of her lands, by an order of
+the Council, in 1486. The church was erected in 1680, of brick, with a
+low square tower and turret, and consists of a chancel, nave, two
+aisles, and a transept. A free school was founded here by Mr. Josiah
+Bacon, and endowed with a revenue of £150. for the instruction of not
+more than sixty, or fewer than forty boys. A charity-school was also
+established, by contributions, in 1755, for the education of fifty boys
+and thirty girls, and was afterwards endowed by Mr. Nathaniel Smith,
+with a revenue of £40. per annum. The Bermondsey Spa was discovered in
+1770, and, by means of the attractive entertainments contrived by the
+proprietor, became a place of general resort; but soon after his death
+the gardens were closed, and the area is now built upon. This suburban
+parish long retained a very antique air from the age of several of its
+streets and houses, many of which were built of wood. But the spirit of
+improvement has gradually amended its appearance: an act of parliament
+was passed in the year 1823, for watching, paving, cleansing, and
+lighting the parish. A new church has been erected here for the
+convenience of the parishioners, at a moderate distance from the mother
+church; it is, however, subordinate to the original rectory.
+
+[Sidenote: Royal residence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church and schools.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.| Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+----------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+    52|Bersham Drelincourt to|Denbigh |Holt        6|Llangollen 12|
+    38|Bersted, South      pa|Sussex  |Chichester  5|Arundel     9|
+    38|Berwick             pa|Sussex  |Lewes       8|Seaford     4|
+    33|Berwick,  Gt. & L. ham|Salop   |Shrewsbury  2|Wem        10|
+    29|Berwick Hill        to|Northumb|Newcastle  10|Corbridge  13|
+    41|Berwick, St. James  pa|Wilts   |Amesbury    6|Wilton      6|
+    41|Berwick, St. John   pa|Wilts   |Shaftesbury 5|Hindon      7|
+    41|Berwick, St. Leonard p|Wilts   |Hindon      1|Amesbury   16|
+    31|Berwick-Prior      lib|Oxford  |Wallingford 5|Watlington  5|
+    31|Berwick-Salome      pa|Oxford  | ...        4| ...        5|
+   +--+----------------------+--------+------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+    11|Berry Pomeroy[A]    pa|Brixham             7|  197|    1186|
+    52|Bersham Drelincourt to|Mold               14|  179|    1240|
+    38|Bersted, South      pa|Lt. Hampton         9|   67|    2190|
+    38|Berwick             pa|Hailsham            6|   58|     203|
+    33|Berwick,  Gt. & L. ham|Albrighton          3|  155|        |
+    29|Berwick Hill        to|Morpeth            10|  284|     105|
+    41|Berwick, St. James  pa|Salisbury           9|   83|     232|
+    41|Berwick, St. John   pa|Wilton             12|   97|     425|
+    41|Berwick, St. Leonard p|Warminster         10|   93|      51|
+    31|Berwick-Prior      lib|Dorchester          4|   49|        |
+    31|Berwick-Salome      pa| ...                4|   49|     134|
+   +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BERRY POMEROY. This place, situated in the hundred of Hayter,
+derives its name from the Pomeroys, a very considerable family in these
+parts. Ralph de Pomeroy, who came to England with William the Norman,
+and for his services was rewarded with fifty-eight lordships in this
+county, built a castle here, the magnificent ruins of which, seated on a
+rocky eminence, rising over a pellucid brook, now form, in combination
+with the other features of the scenery, one of the most delightful views
+in Devonshire. The approach to the castle, observes Dr. Matton, in his
+Observations on the Western Counties, "is through a thick wood,
+extending along the slope of a range of hills that entirely intercept
+any prospect to the south: on the opposite side is a steep rocky ridge,
+covered with oak, so that the ruins are shut into a beautiful valley.
+The great gate, with the walls of the south front, the north wing of the
+court, or quadrangle, some apartments on the west side, and a turret or
+two, are the principal remains of the building; and these are so finely
+overhung with the branches of trees and shrubs which grow close to the
+walls, so beautifully mantled with ivy, and so richly incrusted with
+moss, that they constitute the most picturesque objects that can be
+imagined; and when the surrounding scenery is taken into the account,
+the noble mass of wood fronting the gate, the bold ridges rising in the
+horizon, and the fertile valley opening to the east, the ruins of Berry
+Pomeroy Castle must be considered as almost unparalleled in their
+effect." The posterity of Ralph de Pomeroy resided here till the reign
+of Edward VI., when Sir Thomas Pomeroy sold the manor to Edward Seymour,
+Duke of Somerset, from whom it has descended to the present Duke of
+Somerset. Berry Pomeroy Castle, whose venerable ruins we have just
+mentioned, appears to have been originally quadrangular, and to have had
+but one entrance, which was on the south side, between two hexagonal
+towers, through a double gateway; the first of which was machiolated,
+and strengthened by angular bastions, and having over it the Pomeroy
+arms, still visible. A small room over the gateway was probably the
+chapel: it is divided by a wall, supported by pillars and arches. From
+the eastern tower is a fine view of the surrounding country. The ruins
+in the interior part, or quadrangle, are considerably more modern than
+the rest of the building. These appear to have belonged to a
+"magnificent structure," commenced, says Prince, in his Worthies of
+Devonshire, by the Seymours, at an expense of £20,000, but "never
+brought to perfection: for the west side of the mansion was never begun:
+what was finished may be thus described. Before the door of the Great
+Hall was a noble walk whose length was the breadth of the court, arched
+over with curiously carved free-stone, supported in the fore part by
+several stately pillars of the same stone, of great dimensions, after
+the Corinthian order, standing on pedestals, having cornices and freezes
+finely wrought. The apartments within were very splendid, especially the
+dining-room; and many other of the rooms were well adorned with
+mouldings and fret-work; some of whose marble clavils were so delicately
+fine, that they would reflect an object true and lively from a great
+distance. Notwithstanding which it is now demolished, and all this glory
+lyeth in the dust, buried in its own ruins; there being nothing standing
+but a few broken walls, which seem to mourn their own approaching
+funerals." The walls are formed of slate, and appear to be rapidly
+decaying. The grounds round the castle consist of steep eminences,
+covered with oak and other trees. Even in the court, and remains of the
+fortress itself, trees of nearly a century's growth are flourishing in
+luxuriance, and compose, with the shrubs thickly scattered within the
+area, a scene highly beautiful. In the wars between Charles I. and the
+Parliament this castle was dismantled. Berry Pomeroy Church, which was
+built by one of the Pomeroy family, contains a splendid alabaster
+monument to the memory of Lord Edward Seymour, Knt. son to the Duke of
+Somerset; Edward Seymour, Bart. and his Lady, the daughter of Sir Arthur
+Champernoune. The two first are represented in armour; the knight having
+a truncheon in his hand, and lying cross-legged. The lady is in a black
+dress, with the figure of a child, in a cradle, at her head, and at her
+feet another in a chair: below are nine figures kneeling, with books
+open before them. This monument was repaired by the late Duke of
+Somerset, the eighth lineal descendant of the Duke of Somerset the
+Protector.
+
+[Sidenote: Castle in ruins.]
+
+[Sidenote: Former state of the castle.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.   |Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+----------+
+    29|Berwick-upon-T[A] m.t.|Northumb |Coldstream 13|Dunbar  30|
+    33|Besford             to|Salop    |Shawbury    3|Weston   3|
+    42|Besford             pa|Worcester|Pershore    3|Upton    5|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+----------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+----+
+    29|Berwick-upon-T[A] m.t.|Edinburgh            58|  337|8920|
+    33|Besford             to|Wem                   5|  158| 158|
+    42|Besford             pa|Worcester            10|  109| 146|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BERWICK. The town is situated N. by W. from Newcastle. King Edgar
+gave it, with Coldingham, to the church of Durham; but it was afterwards
+forfeited by Bishop Flambard. It had a church in the reign of Alexander,
+and, in David's time constituted one of the four boroughs where courts
+of trade were wont to be held. In 1173, it was reduced to ashes; and in
+the following year, Earl Duncan marched to the place, and butchered its
+defenceless inhabitants. Henry II. having obtained the castle as a
+pledge for King William, strengthened its fortifications. It was
+restored, however, in the following reign. King John made dreadful
+ravages in the town and neighbourhood. A convention was held here by
+Edward I., in 1291, to arbitrate the claims to the crown of Scotland,
+which were at length determined in favour of his creature, Baliol. This
+prince having shortly afterwards thrown off his allegiance, Berwick
+became exposed to the fury of Edward's resentment. In 1296, the English
+king fortified it with a wall and a fosse, and in the same year received
+the homage of the Scotch nobility here In 1297, the town was taken by
+Sir William Wallace; but the castle held out, and after a long assault,
+was relieved. Wallace about eight years after this was betrayed, and
+half of his body exposed upon Berwick-bridge. The Countess of Buchan,
+for crowning Robert Bruce, at Scone, was shut up here in a wooden cage,
+six years, and then released. Edward II. and his queen wintered at
+Berwick in 1310. He assembled his army here before the battle of
+Bannockburn. Peter Spalding betrayed this place into the hands of Robert
+Bruce in 1318: many attempts were made to recover it, which was not
+effected till the day after the battle of Hallidon-hill, in 1333. Edward
+III. was here in 1335, with a great army in 1340, and the year after, at
+Easter, held a tournament; but during his absence in France, in November
+1353, the Scots surprized and took the town. The castle, under the
+renowned Sir John Copeland, held out till Edward, in February following,
+arrived with a great army, and forced the Scotch to capitulate. Seven
+Scotchmen, in 1377, surprised the castle, and held it eight days against
+7,000 archers, and 3,000 cavalry. The deputy-governor, under the Earl of
+Northumberland, betrayed it into the enemy's hands in 1384; but the earl
+soon after recovered it. Through the solicitation of his uncle the Earl
+of Worcester, engaging in the rebellion against Henry IV., in 1406, he
+employed this fortress against the king; but a cannon-shot, the first
+that was ever fired in England, so alarmed the garrison, that it,
+immediately surrendered. According to Walsingham and Speed, this shot
+was of a large size, and demolished great part of a tower. In 1811, a
+ball of cast iron, weighing ninety-six pounds, answering to this
+account, was found in a part of the ruins of the castle. It had
+penetrated the wall about three yards, at a place where it was flanked
+with a tower. An unsuccessful attempt was made to reduce it in 1422; but
+after the battle of Towton, in 1461, it was again in the hands of the
+Scots, who strengthened its walls, and held it till 1482, when it
+finally came into possession of the English. "From that time," observes
+Camden, "the kings of England have continually added works to it,
+particularly Queen Elizabeth, who, lately to the terror of the enemy,
+and security of the towns-people, contracted the circuit of the walls,
+drawing within the old ones a very high wall, well built of strong
+stone, surrounded by a deep ditch, a regular rampart, redoubt,
+counterscarps, and covered ways, so that the form and strength of the
+fortifications are sufficient to discourage all hopes of carrying it by
+assault, not to mention the bravery of the garrison, and the stores in
+the place, which exceed belief." Between the years 1761 and 1770 the
+walls were almost entirely rebuilt in many parts, and finished in 1786.
+The governor of Berwick has a salary of £586. 7s. 1d. The barracks
+measure 217 by 121; and contain twenty-four rooms for officers, and
+seventy-two rooms adapted to hold 567 privates. The church of Berwick, a
+peculiar of the dean and chapter of Durham, stands on the north side of
+the parade. It was rebuilt between 1642 and 1652, at the cost of £1400.
+It has no steeple. It consists of three aisles, and several galleries,
+all handsomely pewed. The Worshipful Mercers' Company, in London,
+founded a lectureship here. David I., King of Scotland, founded here a
+convent for Cistertian Nuns; and Robert III, granted its revenues to
+Dryburgh Abbey. The convent of Carmelites originated with Sir John Grey,
+in 1270. The Scotch King, in 1239, brought hither a convent of
+Dominicans, which Edward III. removed. The Trinitarians had a house
+here, as had the Franciscans; and between the sea and the town, in
+Maudlin-field, stood the hospital and free chapel of St. Mary Magdalen,
+which had an hospital or hermitage belonging to it at Segeden.--Queen
+Elizabeth founded a free school here; and a charity-school was rebuilt
+in 1725, in which twenty boys and six girls are clothed and educated.
+Berwick bridge was swept away by a flood in 1199. It was rebuilt of
+wood, of which it consisted, till the time of James I., who commenced
+the present elegant structure of stone. It has fifteen arches; its
+length being 1164 feet, and its breadth seventeen. It was twenty-four
+years, four months, and four days in building, and cost government
+£14,960 1s. 6d. The Town Hall was built in 1754. On its ground-floor, on
+the east-side, is a piazza, called the Exchange; and opposite it are
+cells for criminals, and shops. The second floor consists of two
+spacious halls. The outer hall, for holding courts and guilds, measures,
+sixty feet by thirty-one. The inner hall forty-seven feet long and
+twenty-three feet broad, is occasionally occupied for public
+entertainments. The upper story is the common gaol of the town. The
+turret, 150 feet high, contains eight musical bells. The first charter
+of the corporation was granted by Edward I. The corporation were first
+summoned to send members to parliament in the latter end of the reign of
+Edward IV. The last charter of this town was granted by James I. The
+corporation now consists of a mayor, recorder, town clerk, four
+bailiffs, a coroner, four serjeants at mace, and a water-bailiff. The
+mayor is also escheator in the borough, clerk of the market, and a
+justice of the peace; the other justices of the town being the recorder
+and such resident burgesses as have sustained the office of mayor. They
+are lords of the manor of Tweedmouth, where they hold a court-leet and
+court-baron twice a year. Their annual revenues arising from duties
+taken at the quay and gates, are estimated at £7000. Besides the trade
+in salmon, great quantities of corn and eggs are exported here for
+London. One morning in the month of October, 1814, there were upwards of
+10,000 salmon, in Berwick market, caught in the Tweed, some of which
+might have been bought at 2s. each. At the same time, the finest
+herrings (of which an immense shoal was on the coast) were sold for 2s.
+the hundred of six score. On the same day the best salmon was sold in
+Newcastle market at 6d. per pound, and some of the inferior kind as low
+as 4d. The port has about sixty or seventy vessels. The harbour abounds
+with low dangerous rocks. At its mouth a noble pier has recently been
+constructed on the site of an old one, built by Queen Elizabeth. Berwick
+Castle, once a place of high importance, is now almost levelled with the
+ground. About 400 yards north of it, is a pentagonal tower, called the
+Bell Tower, having its name from containing a bell, which was rung on
+any occasion of alarm.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Friday in Trinity Week,
+   for black cattle, sheep, and horses.--_Mail_ arrives 9.49 morning;
+   departs 2.1 afternoon.--_Bankers_, Commercial Banking Company; draw
+   on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Batson and Co.: draw on Glynn and
+   Co.--_Inns_, King's Arms, and Red Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: The disputed town.]
+
+[Sidenote: Countess of Buchan shut up in a cage six years.]
+
+[Sidenote: The first cannon-ball used in England.]
+
+[Sidenote: The church and convents.]
+
+[Sidenote: The bridge 24 years in building.]
+
+[Sidenote: Municipal officers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Salmon and herring fisheries.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. |  County. |Number of Miles From         |
+   +--+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+     4|Besselsleigh[A] pa|Berks     |Abingdon     5|Oxford       6|
+    43|Bessingby       pa|E.R. York |Bridlington  2|Carnaby      1|
+    27|Bessingham      pa|Norfolk   |Cromer       6|Holt         6|
+    27|Besthorpe       pa|Norfolk   |Attleborough 1|Buckenham    4|
+    30|Besthorp        to|Nottingham|Newark       8|Tuxford      8|
+    22|Beswick         to|Lancaster |Stockport    7|Bury         9|
+    46|Beswick       chap|E.R. York |Beverly      7|Gt Driffield 7|
+    37|Betchworth      pa|Surrey    |Reigate      3|Dorking      3|
+    21|Bethersden      pa|Kent      |Ashford      6|Tenterden    7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+     4|Besselsleigh[A] pa|Farringdon             14|   60|     124|
+    43|Bessingby       pa|Hornsea                12|  238|      83|
+    27|Bessingham      pa|Aylesham                8|  116|     137|
+    27|Besthorpe       pa|Wymondham               6|   95|     542|
+    30|Besthorp        to|Saxilby                 9|  132|     322|
+    22|Beswick         to|Bolton                 12|  183|     248|
+    46|Beswick       chap|Hornsea                13|  190|     205|
+    37|Betchworth      pa|Leatherhead             7|   26|    1100|
+    21|Bethersden      pa|Smarden                 4|   54|     973|
+   +--+------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BESSELSLEIGH, is a small village, in the hundred of Hormer. The
+manor formerly belonged to the family of Legh, from which it passed, by
+a female heir, to that of Besils, or Blesells, which flourished there
+for several centuries. "At this Legh," says Leland, "be very fayre
+pastures and woodes. The Blesells hathe bene lords of it syns the tyme
+of Edwarde the First, or afore, and ther they dyd enhabite. The place is
+all of stone, and stondithe at the west end of the paroche churche. The
+Blesells cam out of Provence in Fraunce, and were men of activitye in
+feates of armes, as it appearith in monuments at Legh, how he faught in
+Listes with a strange knighte that chalengyd hym, at the whiche deade
+the Kynge and Quene at that tyme of England, were present. The Blesells
+were countyd to have pocessyons of 400 marks by the yere." In the year
+1516, the estates of the Blesells were carried, by the marriage of an
+heiress, to the Fettiplaces, a respectable Berkshire family, one of whom
+Besil Fettiplace, Esq., was High Sheriff in the 26th of Queen Elizabeth.
+The manor of Besselsleigh was purchased of the Fettiplaces, by William
+Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Long Parliament, whose descendants now
+reside at Burford, in Oxfordshire.
+
+[Sidenote: The Blessell's family.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  County. | Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+    25|Bethnal Green[A]   pa|Middlesex |Popular     2|Stratford     2|
+    35|Betley             pa|Stafford  |Newcastle   7|Nantwich      8|
+    12|Bettescombe        pa|Dorset    |Lyme Regis  6|Axminster     5|
+    53|Bettesfield          |Flint     |Whitchurch  6|Ellesmere     6|
+    21|Betteshanger       pa|Kent      |Sandwich    4|Deal          4|
+    33|Betton            ham|Salop     |Drayton     2|Adderley      4|
+    33|Betton            ham|Salop     |Shrewsbury  3|Ch. Stretton 11|
+    33|Bettws             pa|Salop     |Knighton    7|Bis. Castle  11|
+    49|Bettws             pa|Carmarthen|Llandillo   7|Camarthen    18|
+    52|Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B]  pa|Denbigh   |Abergeley   4|Aberconway    9|
+    54|Bettws             pa|Glamorgan |Bridgend    5|Pyle          5|
+    55|Bettws             to|Merioneth |Bala        2|Corwen       11|
+    26|Bettws             pa|Monmouth  |Newport     3|Careleon      4|
+    26|Bettws            ham|Monmouth  |Abergavenny 5|Lanthony      7|
+    56|Bettws             pa|Montgomery|Newtown     4|Montgomery    7|
+    51|Bettws Bleddrws[C] pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter    2|Tregaron      9|
+    58|Bettws Clyro       pa|Radnor    |Hay         4|Kington       8|
+    58|Bettws Diserth     pa|Radnor    |New Radnor  8|Builth        6|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+    25|Bethnal Green[A]   pa|Clapton                3|    1|    62018|
+    35|Betley             pa|Keel                   5|  157|      870|
+    12|Bettescombe        pa|Charmouth              5|  146|       65|
+    53|Bettesfield          |Oswestry              14|  173|      359|
+    21|Betteshanger       pa|Wingham                5|   67|       20|
+    33|Betton            ham|Woore                  6|  155|         |
+    33|Betton            ham|Wenlock               11|  159|         |
+    33|Bettws             pa|Ludlow                22|  164|      389|
+    49|Bettws             pa|Neath                 13|  211|      830|
+    52|Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B]  pa|Denbigh               11|  214|      912|
+    54|Bettws             pa|Neath                 13|  186|      362|
+    55|Bettws             to|Llandrillo             7|  195|         |
+    26|Bettws             pa|Pontypool              7|  151|       95|
+    26|Bettws            ham|Crickhowel             8|  151|         |
+    56|Bettws             pa|Llanfair               7|  175|         |
+    51|Bettws Bleddrws[C] pa|Llandovery            20|  211|      235|
+    58|Bettws Clyro       pa|Glasbury               7|  160|         |
+    58|Bettws Diserth     pa|Rhayader              15|  173|      141|
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BETHNAL GREEN. There is a curious legend relating to this place, of
+which Henry de Mountfort, son of the ambitious Earl of Liecester, who
+was slain with his father at the memorable battle of Evesham, is the
+hero. He is supposed to have been discovered among the bodies of the
+dying and the dead (by a young lady) in an almost lifeless state, and
+deprived of his sight by a wound which he had received during the
+engagement. Under the fostering hand of this "faire damosel" he soon
+recovered, and afterwards marrying her, she became the mother of the
+celebrated "Besse," the heroine of the popular ballad of the beggar's
+daughter of Bethnal-green, written in the reign of Elizabeth. Fearing
+least his rank and title should be discovered by his enemies, he is said
+to have disguised himself as a beggar, and taken up his residence at
+Bethnal-green. The beauty of the daughter attracted many suitors, and
+she was at length married to a noble knight, who, regardless of her
+supposed meanness and poverty, had the courage to make her his wife: her
+other lovers having deserted her on account of her low origin. At
+Bethnal-green is an old mansion, which the inhabitants, with their usual
+love of traditionary lore, assign as the palace of the blind beggar. The
+tradition, though with very little grounds for its foundation, is still
+preserved on the sign posts of several public houses in the
+neighbourhood. On the 19th September, 1826, the parish officers of
+Bethnal-green waited on the Secretary of State for the Home Department,
+and stated that a lawless gang, of 500 or more, thieves infested that
+neighbourhood and committed the most dreadful outrages nightly, upwards
+of fifty persons having been robbed and beaten in the course of a week;
+the secretary ordered forty men mounted, to patrole the parish, and aid
+the local authorities in bringing the offenders to justice. The hospital
+called the Trinity House, founded in the year 1695, for twenty-eight
+ancient seamen, who have been masters of ships, and their widows, is in
+this parish. The funds arising from the ballast-offices, lighthouses,
+buoys, beacons, &c. are appropriated by parliament to this corporation.
+Each of the inmates receives 16s. a month, 20s. a year for coals, and a
+new gown every second year. Many of the streets of this parish are
+almost wholly occupied by the operative silk-weavers.
+
+[Sidenote: The blind beggar of Bethnal-green.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gang of 500 thieves, in 1826.]
+
+
+[B] BETTWS-YN-RHOS. _Fairs_, February 20, May 8, August 15, and November
+20.
+
+
+[C] BETTWS BLEDDRWS. In this neighbourhood there exists a curious custom
+relating to marriage, called a bidding, which takes place about a week
+previous to the day of ceremony. The banns are published as in England.
+A bidder goes from house to house, with a long pole and ribbons flying
+at the end of it, and standing in the middle floor in each house, he
+repeats a long lesson, with great formality. He mentions the day of the
+wedding, the place, the preparations made, &c. The following is a
+specimen:--Speech of the Bidder in 1762. "The intention of the bidder is
+this; with kindness and amity, with decency and liberality for Einion
+Owain, and Llio Elys, he invites you to come with your good will on the
+plate; bring current money; a shilling, or two, or three, or four, or
+five; with cheese and butter we invite the husband and wife, and
+children, and men-servants, from the greatest to the least. Come there
+early, you shall have victuals freely, and drink cheap, stools to sit
+on, and fish if we can catch them; but if not, hold us excuseable; and
+they will attend on you when you call in upon them in return. They set
+out from such a place to such a place." The gwahodder, or bidder, has
+eight or ten shillings for his trouble. Saturday is always fixed on as
+the day of marriage, and Friday is allotted to bring home the furniture
+of the woman, consisting generally of an oak chest, a feather bed,
+clothes, &c. The man provides a bedstead, a table, a dresser and chairs.
+The evening is moreover employed in receiving presents of money, cheese,
+and butter, at the man's house, from his friends, and at the woman's
+house from her friends. This is called purse and girdle, it is an
+ancient British custom. All these presents are set down minutely on
+paper. If demanded, they are to be repaid. On Saturday, the friends of
+the man come all on horseback, from the number of eighty to a hundred,
+and have bread and cheese, and ale at his cost, making at the same time
+their presents, or pay pwython, i.e. the presents that have been made at
+their weddings. From ten to twenty of the best mounted go to the
+intended bride's house to demand her. The woman with her friends are
+expecting the summons, but she appears very uncomplying, and much Welsh
+poetry is employed by way of argument; one party being within the house,
+the other without, abusing each other much. Several persons then deliver
+orations on horseback, with their hats off, demanding the daughter from
+the father, who were answered by persons appointed for the business. At
+length the father appears, admitting and welcoming his guests. They
+alight, walk in, take some refreshments, and proceed to church. The girl
+mounts behind her father, mother, or friend, upon the swiftest horse
+that can be procured. Her friends then pretend to run away with her,
+riding like mad folks, in any direction. During this time, the girl has
+no pillion, sitting upon the crupper, and holding by the man's coat, at
+last the horse is tired, or the bride growing impatient consents to go,
+using only some feints to get out of the road, till they arrive at the
+church. The ceremony being over, they return to the married couple's
+house, eating at free cost, but finding their own liquor. Sunday being
+come, the married pair stay at home receiving good will and pwython. On
+Monday the drink is exhausted, and the cheese, &c. is sold, frequently
+making, with the money presented, a sum of £50 to £60. On the following
+Sunday, most of the company attend the young pair to church, and the
+ceremony closes. Among the eminent natives of this neighbourhood, was
+David ap Gwylim, of Bro Ginin, whose works appeared in a large volume,
+in the year 1789. He nourished from about the year 1330 to 1370. In
+early life he enjoyed the munificent patronage of Ivor the generous, an
+ancestor of the Tredegar family. Under the influence of a passion for
+the fair Morvudd he composed 147 poems. Their loves were mutual, but her
+friends induced her to accept a wealthy connection, named Rhys Gwrgan,
+an officer of the English army, who served at the battle of Cressy,
+1346; Dab Gwilym persuaded Morvudd to escape with him, during the
+absence of her husband in France; in consequent of which he was
+imprisoned, but liberated through the influence of his friends. It is
+from the poems of this author, that the modern literary dialect has
+chiefly been formed.
+
+   _Fairs_, August 17, and September 23 and 27.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious marriage customs.]
+
+[Sidenote: A Welsh poet.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  County. |Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    50| Bettws Garmon  pa |Carnarvon|Carnarvon   5| Beddgelart 7|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    50| Bettws Garmon  pa |Llanberris            6|  230|    128|
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.       |  County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
+    55|Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A] pa|Merioneth |Corwen    5|Bala        11|
+    51|Bettws Jevan           pa|Cardigan  |Newcastle 7|Cardigan    10|
+    51|Bettws Lleuce          pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter  8|Tregaron     6|
+    26|Bettws Newydd          pa|Monmouth  |Usk       4|Abergavenny  7|
+    50|Bettws-Y-Coed[B]       pa|Caernarvon|Llanrwst  5|Bangor      20|
+    30|Bevercoates            pa|Nottingham|Tuxford   3|Ollerton     5|
+    42|Beverege              isl|Worcester |Worcester 2|Droitwich    5|
+    46|Beverley[C]     m.t. & bo|E.R. York |Hull      9|Scarborough 35|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.       |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    55|Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A] pa|Ruthin              12|  199|     273|
+    51|Bettws Jevan           pa|Llanarth             9|  236|     386|
+    51|Bettws Lleuce          pa|Aberystwith         16|  217|     381|
+    26|Bettws Newydd          pa|Monmouth            12|  142|     890|
+    50|Bettws-Y-Coed[B]       pa|Corwen              23|  217|     348|
+    30|Bevercoates            pa|E. Retford           7|  140|      51|
+    42|Beverege              isl|Bewdley             12|  113|        |
+    46|Beverley[C]     m.t. & bo|York                28|  183|    8302|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BETTWS GWERFYL.--_Fairs_, March 16, June 22, August 12, September
+16, and Dec. 12.
+
+
+[B] BETTWS-Y-COED. At this village, which contains scarcely a hundred
+houses, is the picturesque bridge of Pont-y-Pain, beneath which is a
+famous salmon leap; and the road leads into the luxuriant vale of
+Llanwrst, in the neighbourhood of which are many seats. The principal of
+these is Gwydir House, an ancient mansion of the Wynnes; and now an
+occasional residence of Lord Gwydir. Two miles northward is the village
+of Trefrew, remarkable chiefly for a saline spring, and the site of a
+royal palace, built by Llewelyn. Between two mountains, near this place
+are some capital mines, the produce of which are lead, calamine, mixed
+with iron, ochre, and pyrites. Bettws-y-Coed lies on the mail-coach road
+to Holyhead. From Cernioge Mawr, through this place to Ogwen Lake, a
+broad smooth, and well protected road has been made among the rocky
+precipices with which the mountainous country abounds. The village
+church contains an ancient but very perfect tomb of Gryffyd, grand
+nephew of Llewellyn, the last prince of Wales. This interesting monument
+is concealed rather awkwardly beneath one of the benches.
+
+   _Fairs_, May 15, and December 3.--_Mail_ arrives 6.30 afternoon;
+   departs 6.0 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Gwydir House.]
+
+
+[C] BEVERLEY. This important market town lies at the foot of the wolds,
+it was anciently called Dierwald: the wood of the Deiri; from its
+extensive forest. Its present appellation may be a corruption of Beaver
+ley; beavers having abounded in the neighbouring river, Hull. Its origin
+and early history were totally unknown, till the beginning of the eighth
+century, when St. John of Beverley founded a church and monastery, and
+died there. This institution was several times destroyed by the Danes;
+and there is a pause in its history, till Athelstan granted to it many
+priviledges, and built a new college. Many archbishops of York were
+benefactors to the monastery, and expended large sums in beautifying the
+church. In the early part of the civil war, Charles I. had his quarters
+here; and subsequently the town was taken by the parliamentarians. It
+appears that Beverley derived its first and greatest importance from its
+connexion with the saint. In its present state, the town is extensive
+and pleasant. The entrance from Driffield, through an ancient gateway
+into a spacious street of elegant houses, is particularly beautiful. Its
+market-place also being large and commodious, is a principal ornament.
+The church of St. John, which is in excellent preservation, is a superb
+edifice, adorned at its west end with two lofty steeples. Within it is
+rich in relics of antiquity. Gisbon, describing it, says "the minster
+here is a very fair and neat structure: the roof is an arch of stone. In
+it are several monuments of the Earls of Northumberland, who have added
+a little chapel to the choir; in the windows whereof are the pictures of
+several of that family, drawn in the glass. At the upper end of the
+choir, on the right side of the altar place, stands the freedstool, made
+of one entire stone, and said to have been removed from Scotland; with a
+well of water behind it. At the upper end of the body of the church,
+next the choir, hangs an ancient tablet, with the pictures of St. John
+and king Athelstan, and this distich:
+
+   'Als free make I thee,
+   As heart can wish, or egh can see.'"
+
+Hence, adds our author, the burgesses of Beverley pay no toll or custom
+in any port or town of England. The choir is paved with marble of four
+colours. Over the altar is a magnificent wooden arch supported by eight
+fluted Corinthian pillars. The east window now contains all the painted
+glass which could be collected from the others. The screen, between the
+choir and the nave, is Gothic, and is justly esteemed a principal
+ornament of the edifice. At the lower end of the body of the church
+stands a large font of agate stone. In 1664, a vault was discovered of
+free-stone, in which was a sheet of lead, containing the relics of St.
+John, with an inscription, dated 1197, which imported that, the church
+having been destroyed by fire, the ashes had been for some time lost,
+but that at length they had been found and there deposited. They were
+contained in a small leaden box, and consisted of a few bones, six
+beads, some large nails, and three brass pins. The whole was piously
+replaced, with an appropriate inscription; and, in 1726, the spot was
+adorned with an arch of brick-work.--The church of St. Mary is also a
+large and handsome structure; and like the minster, was destroyed in
+1528, by the fall of its steeple. It contains some monuments and
+inscriptions; but none of note.--Beverley is a corporate town, and is
+governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and thirteen of the principal
+burgesses. The whole number of these last is about 1200; and many
+persons are induced to purchase their freedom, by the privileges and
+immunities which it confers: among these are extensive rights of pasture
+on four commons, near the town; and, as we have observed, liberation
+from all tolls throughout the kingdom. Besides its churches, Beverley
+has the following public edifices and charitable institutions: the
+Hallgarth, a beautiful and spacious hall, in which are held the
+sessions, and a register-office for deeds and wills; an elegant market
+cross, supported by eight columns; each one entire piece of free-stone;
+a common gaol, which was rebuilt thirty-five years since, with due
+attention to the suitable accommodation of its inmates; seven
+alms-houses with funds, for the erection of two more; a work-house,
+which cost £700; and finally, an excellent free-school, to the scholars
+of which are appropriated two fellowships at St. John's Cambridge, six
+scholarships, and three exhibitions. The trade of Beverley arises
+chiefly from the making of malt, oat-meal, and leather: formerly it was
+somewhat celebrated for clothing. The vicinity of the town, particularly
+towards the west, is rather pleasing; and commands several interesting
+prospects. At the distance of three miles, is the moated site of
+Lekingfield House, which was demolished, probably, about the end of the
+sixteenth century. The barbarous custom of baiting a bull on the day of
+the mayor being sworn into office, to the disgrace of the town, still
+continues. In the Grammar school were educated Bishops Allcock, Fisher,
+and Green; and here was painted as early as 1509, the figure of a man on
+horseback, by 'Hugh Goes.' Beverley is remarkable as being the
+birth-place of the following eminent persons, viz.: Aluridus, an ancient
+historian, who died in 1129. Dr. John Allcock, the founder of Jesus
+College, Oxford, who was the most celebrated divine, scholar, and
+architect of his time. In 1470, he was made a privy counsellor and
+embassador to the King of Castile. He was successively Bishop of
+Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, Lord High Chancellor of England, and lord
+President of Wales. In his capacity of an architect, few, if any, ever
+excelled him, and his correct judgment in this science procured him the
+appointment of Comptroller of the Royal Works. He founded the Grammar
+School of Kingston upon Hull, and built a chapel, on the south side of
+the church, where his parents were buried. The beautiful hall of the
+episcopal palace of Ely was erected from his design and at his expense.
+He very elegantly enlarged the parish church of Westbury, and built that
+sumptuous and beautiful chapel in the Presbytery of Ely Cathedral, where
+he was buried, and which remains at the present day, a monument of his
+correct judgment; but all these fall into shadow, when compared with
+that gorgeous and exquisite mass of enrichment, Henry the Seventh's
+Chapel at Westminster; of which, if he was not the immediate designer,
+he was at least the able manager and superintendant of its erection--a
+monument of pious munificence that will be endeared to every lover of
+art, when the living temple of its projector is forgotten. He died at
+his castle of Wisbeach, October 1, 1500.--John Fisher, Bishop of
+Rochester, was born here in 1459. His father was so eminent a scholar
+and divine, that Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII.,
+although unknown to him, sent for him, and appointed him her domestic
+chaplain; and to his councils posterity are mainly indebted for those
+magnificent foundations, St. John's and Christ's College at Cambridge.
+This amiable bishop, with all his virtues, could not preserve himself
+from the malignity of "the worst of England's monarchs"--Henry VIII.;
+and under the pretence of being inimical to the marriage of the king
+with Ann Bolyen, he was thrown into prison, and most barbarously
+treated; here he continued for nearly a year, and might have been left
+to die of ill treatment and old age, had it not been for the
+unseasonable mark of respect paid him by Pope Paul III., who created
+him, May 15, 1535, Cardinal Priest of St. Vitalis. Henry forbade the hat
+to be brought into England, and sent Lord Cromwell to examine the Bishop
+about the affair. "My Lord of Rochester," (says Cromwell) "what would
+you say if the Pope should send you a Cardinal's hat," upon which the
+Bishop replied, "Sir, I know myself to be so far unworthy of such
+dignity that I think of nothing less; but if any thing should happen
+assure yourself that I should improve that favour to the best advantage
+that I could, by assisting the Holy Catholic Church of Christ, and in
+that respect I would receive it upon my knees." When the answer was
+brought, the king said in a great passion, "yea! is he yet so
+lusty--well, let the Pope send him a hat when he will--mother of God! he
+shall wear it on his shoulders then, for I will leave him never a head
+to set it on." His ruin being now determined, but hardly daring to take
+his life upon such trivial grounds, the king sent that most fawning and
+contemptible creature, Sir Richard Rich, Solicitor-General, to draw from
+him something that might convict him. This wiley wretch gradually drew
+from him a private opinion concerning the king's supremacy, telling the
+Bishop at the same time, that it was a scruple of the King's conscience
+that made him ask for it. Thus entrapped he was not allowed to make a
+defence, but was tried by a bill of attainder for high treason, and
+executed on the 22d of the same month, and his head placed on London
+bridge. Thus perished this good, but ill-fated prelate, in the 77th year
+of his age, which dreadful tragedy, as Bishop Burnet observes, "Has left
+one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's proceedings."--The Rev.
+John Green was also a native of this place, he was born in 1706,
+educated at the Grammar School here, and finished his university
+education at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he became master of
+arts; he afterwards engaged himself as usher of a school at Litchfield,
+where he became acquainted with Dr. Johnson, and Mr. Garrick. In 1730,
+he was elected a fellow of St. John's College, and soon afterwards the
+Bishop procured for him the vicarage of Hingeston. In 1744, Charles,
+Duke of Somerset, and Chancellor of the University, made him his
+domestic chaplain. In June 1750, he was elected master of Bennet
+College, and in 1756, Dean of Lincoln, then Vice-chancellor of the
+University of Cambridge; and at last, through the influence of his
+patron, the Duke of Newcastle, preferred to the See of Lincoln. He was
+the friend and colleague of Archbishop Secker, who had always a just
+esteem for his virtues and abilities. After the death of Lord
+Willoughby, of Parham, in 1765, the literary meetings of the Royal
+Society used to be held in his lordship's house, as one of its most
+accomplished members. In June 1761, he exerted his problematical talents
+in two letters "On the Principles and Practice of the Methodists," which
+he addressed to the Rev. Mr. Berridge and Mr. Whitfield; and to the
+honour of this prelate be it spoken, that when the Bill for the Relief
+of the Dissenters, was brought before the House of Lords, in May 1772,
+and lost upon a division of 102 to 27, he was the only member of the
+clerical brotherhood, who voted in its favour. He died suddenly at Bath,
+April 25, 1779. This elegant scholar was one of the writers of the
+celebrated "Athenian Letters," published by the Earl of Hardwick, in
+1798, 2 vols. 4to. Beverley returns two Members to Parliament. The £10
+householders are about 507. The returning officer is the Mayor.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Thursday before Old
+   Valentine; Holy Thursday; July 5; November 5, for horses and sheep;
+   and every alternate Wednesday for horned cattle.--_Bankers_, Machell
+   and Co.; draw on Glyn and Co.; Bower and Co., draw on Curries and
+   Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.45 morning; departs 6.0 afternoon.--_Inn_,
+   Tiger.
+
+[Sidenote: Its origin and early history.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient superstitions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Public edifices.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. John Allcock born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bishop Fisher born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: His head placed on London-bridge.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  County. |Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    46|Beverley Park   to|E.R. York |Beverley    2|Hull       7|
+    15|Beverstone      pa|Gloucester|Tetbury     3|M. Hampton 5|
+    39|Bevington      ham|Warwick   |Alcester    4|Bitford    4|
+    39|Bevington Wood ham|Warwick   | ...        4| ...       5|
+     9|Bewaldeth       to|Cumberland|Cockermouth 7|Keswick    9|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    46|Beverley Park   to|Hornsea               12|  181|      |
+    15|Beverstone      pa|Dursley                8|  102|   174|
+    39|Bevington      ham|Stratford             12|  106|      |
+    39|Bevington Wood ham| ...                  13|  107|      |
+     9|Bewaldeth       to|Wighton               10|  299|   172|
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+     9|Bewcastle[A]   pa|Cumberland|Brampton 10|Longtown 14|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+     9|Bewcastle[A]   pa|Haltwhistle         15|  300| 1336|
+   +--+-----------------+----------------------+-----------+
+
+
+[A] BEWCASTLE is supposed to have been a Roman station, and garrisoned
+by part of the Legio Secunda Augusta, as a security to the workmen who
+were employed in erecting the famous wall, it is situated in the midst
+of a wild and unfrequented district, in the Ward of Eskdale. Some
+vestiges of ancient buildings still remain, and numerous Roman coins and
+inscriptions have been discovered here. The present name of the village
+is reported to have been derived from Bueth, who was Lord of the Manor
+at the time of the Conquest, and is said to have repaired a Roman castle
+here, and called it after his own name. The castle was of a square form,
+each front about twenty-nine yards in length: it is now in ruins: the
+south side, of which there are most remains, is nearly fourteen yards
+high. This structure was destroyed by the parliamentary forces in the
+year 1641. It seems to have been a dark gloomy fortress. Gils Bueth, the
+son of Bueth, mentioned above, was treacherously killed by Robert De
+Vallibus, at a meeting which had been held for friendly purposes. His
+possessions then fell to the crown, and were bestowed by Henry II. on
+the last Hubert de Vallibus, whose daughter conveyed them to the family
+of the Multons by marriage. The estates afterwards passed through
+several hands. Bewcastle in the fifth of Charles I. was granted to Sir
+Robert Graham, in whose family it remains. Upon one occasion the captain
+of Bewcastle is said to have made an incursion into Scotland, in which
+he was defeated and forced to fly. Watt Tinlinn, a celebrated retainer
+of the Buccleuch family, who held for his border service a small tower
+on the frontiers of Liddisdale, pursued him. Watt Tinlinn was, by
+profession, a cobbler, but by inclination and practice an archer, and
+warrior. He closely followed the fugitive through a dangerous morass:
+the captain, however, gained the firm ground; and seeing Tinlinn
+dismounted, and floundering in the bog, used these words of insult:
+"Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots: the heels _risp_, and the seams
+_rive_." "If I cannot sew," retorted Tinlinn, discharging a shaft, which
+nailed the captain's thigh to his saddle. "If I cannot sew, I can yerk."
+Bewcastle Church is a small edifice, standing on a rising ground near
+the castle, a fosse surrounding them both. In the churchyard is a
+celebrated obelisk, which has for many years attracted the attention of
+the curious. Its height is fourteen feet, two inches: its breadth, on
+the bottom of the broadest side, is one foot ten: on the top was
+originally a cross, which is supposed to have been abolished in some
+ebullition of popular enthusiasm. Various sculptured ornaments appear on
+its different sides, executed with much fancy, together with an
+illegible Roman inscription, and some human figures. On the wastes of
+Bewcastle parish, several thousands of sheep and black cattle are
+annually fed. The inhabitants of the parish live chiefly in single and
+scattered houses; their religious opinions are mostly conformable to the
+doctrines of the church of England; but about thirty years ago a meeting
+house was built for a small congregation of Presbyterians. In this
+parish, a fine is paid of four years, ancient rent, on change of the
+Lord of the Manor by death: or of the tenants either by death or
+alienation: besides various customary works and carriages; and for a
+heriot, the best beast of which the tenant may die possessed, except the
+riding-horse kept for the lord's service. Bewcastle parish has two
+schools supported by subscription, the masters of which have a salary of
+about ten pounds a year, and the privilege of a whittle-gate. The custom
+of whittle-gate was formerly much observed in this and the neighbouring
+counties: it consists in the master going to all the abodes of his
+scholars in rotation, and being supplied with victuals by the parents or
+friends.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of Watt Tinlinn.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient fine]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-----------+-------------+
+    42|Bewdley[A] bo. & m.t.|Worcester|Ludlow   21|Kiddermin   3|
+    44|Bewerley           to|W.R. York|Ripley    8|Boro'bridge 8|
+    29|Bewick, New        to|Northumb.|Wooler    8|Belford    10|
+    29|Bewick, Old        to|Northumb | ...      8| ...        9|
+    46|Bewholm            to|E.R. York|Beverley 12|Hornsea     5|
+    38|Bexhill            pa|Sussex   |Hastings  6|Battle      6|
+    12|Bexington, West      |Dorset   |Bridport  7|Abbotsbury  4|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+    42|Bewdley[A] bo. & m.t.|Worcester          15|  129|   3908|
+    44|Bewerley           to|Tanfield            6|  212|   1310|
+    29|Bewick, New        to|Alnwick            12|  312|    106|
+    29|Bewick, Old        to| ...               12|  313|    227|
+    46|Bewholm            to|Bridlington        13|  195|       |
+    38|Bexhill            pa|Pevensey            7|   63|   1931|
+    12|Bexington, West      |Dorchester         11|  131|       |
+   +--+---------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEWDLEY is seated on the Severn, in the centre of a populous
+manufacturing district; it was, in the reign of Edward I., a manor of
+the Beauchamps, and received from Edward IV. its charter of
+incorporation. Leland's description of the town, and his opinion of its
+origin, possess some beauties, and great exactness.--"The towne selfe of
+Beaudley is sett on the syde of a hill; soe comely a man cannot wish to
+see a towne better. It riseth from Severne banke by east, upon the hill,
+by west; soe that a man standing on the hill _trans pontem_ by east, may
+discerne almost every house in the towne, and at the risinge of the
+sunne from the east, the whole towne glittereth (being all of a new
+building), as it were of gould. By the distance of the parish church (at
+Ribbesford), I gather that Beaudley is a very new towne, and that of
+ould time there was but some poore hamlett, and that upon the building
+of a bridge there upon Severne, and resort of people unto it, and
+commodity of the pleasant site, men began to inhabit there; and because
+the plott of it seemed fayre to the lookers, it hath a French name,
+Beaudley." The figure of the town is that of the letter Y: the foot
+extending to the river; one of the horns, towards Ribbesford, the other
+into the forest. The bridge, viewed from the loaded wharfs, appears a
+handsome modern structure, possessing a lightness of feature, superior
+even to that of the bridge at Worcester. The church, situated at the
+junction of the three principal streets, is accounted a chapel of ease
+to the mother church of Ribbesford; and was rebuilt in its present neat,
+yet embellished style, about 1748. Here are also appropriate places of
+public worship for the numerous dissenters; several institutions for
+carrying on the useful work of education, mostly supported by voluntary
+contributions, and a number of alms-houses for the poor and aged. The
+town-hall is a handsome modern building of stone, with three arches in
+front, six square pilasters, and a pediment, surmounted by the Littelton
+arms, and a double row of arcades. The trade of Bewdley is considerable,
+and the inhabitants boast, with reason, that their trows and their crews
+are the best on the river. Among the sources of this profitable
+commerce, are numerous tan-yards; manufactures of a kind of cap, much
+worn before the introduction of felt hats, comb-making, and other works
+in horn, and a manufacture of flannel; while the town is a sort of mart
+for the wholesale grocery trade. The charter of incorporation of Bewdley
+has been subject to some extraordinary changes: the original deed,
+renewed by James I. was surrendered to Charles II., and replaced by
+another from his successor, which last, on the accession of Anne, was
+declared illegal, and became the cause of a contention, which produced a
+long and expensive law-suit, ended by the confirmation of the original
+charter. By virtue of this, the corporation of Bewdley consists of a
+bailiff, a recorder, a high steward, and twelve capital burgesses, who
+depute one member to parliament, the bailiff being the returning
+officer. The borough comprises the parish of Ribbesford and the hamlets
+of Ribbenhall, Hoarstone, Blackstone, Netherton, Lower Milton, and
+Lickhill; the number of burgesses are 42, and £10. householders about
+484. Lord Lyttelton is lord of the manor, high steward, and recorder. A
+few years since, Dr. James Johnstone, of Worcester, made an important
+discovery in this neighbourhood, of a mineral spring, whose qualities,
+after an attentive analysis, he declared to resemble those of the
+Harrowgate and Moffat waters. The most celebrated natives of this place
+were John Tombes, born in 1612, a subtle disputant, and a learned man,
+but a changeling sectary; and Richard Willis, who was the son of a
+capper, and became remarkable for his extemporaneous preaching; the
+latter was made chaplain to King William, and promoted to the see of
+Winchester, in 1714. Near a pleasant hamlet on the side of the river
+opposite to Bewdley, is Spring Grove, a large white building surrounded
+by a park, late the seat of S. Skey, Esq. to whom the country is
+indebted for the introduction of a breed of mules, both handsome and
+useful. On a hill, half a mile from Bewdley, and on the eastern bank of
+the Severn, is the elegant villa called Winterdyne. This agreeable
+retreat, plain in its appearance, yet commodious, is seated on a high
+and romantic cliff, embowdered in deep tufted slides, and surrounded by
+ornamented walks, which are diversified with Gothic turrets, seats, and
+hermitages. Advancing on the river, Blackstone rocks meet the eye; a
+bold range of dusky cliffs feathered to the top, and made romantic by
+the formation of a cell or hermitage, heretofore the abode of some holy
+man, but now a repository for the potatoes, cheese, and farming
+implements of a neighbouring agriculturist.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, April 23, July 26, and December 11, for
+   cattle, horses, cheese, and linen and woollen cloth.--_Bankers_,
+   Skey, Son, and Co.; draw on Lubbock and Co.; and Pardoe and Co.; draw
+   on Hoare and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 12.27 afternoon; departs 1.30
+   afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Leland's description of the town.]
+
+[Sidenote: The charter disputed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Spring Grove.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|County.|Number of Miles From|
+   +--+-----------------+-------+-----------+------------+
+    21|Bexley[A]      pa|Kent   |Dartford  4|Bromley    8|
+     7|Bexton         to|Chester|Knutsford 1|Northwich  9|
+    27|Bexwell        pa|Norfolk|Downham   1|Lynn      12|
+    21|Bibrook          |Kent   |Ashford   1|Kennington 1|
+   +--+----------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+                                            |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    21|Bexley[A]  pa|Eltham                6|   14|  3206|
+     7|Bexton     to|Congleton            13|  176|    76|
+    27|Bexwell    pa|Stoke Ferry           6|   85|    53|
+    21|Bibrook      |Canterbury           14|   54|      |
+   +--+-------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEXLEY was given by King Cenulph to the see of Canterbury. Edward
+II. granted a weekly market to be held here, but this has long been
+disused. Archbishop Cranmer alienated Bexley to Henry VIII. James I.
+granted it to Sir John Spilman, who afterwards sold it to the celebrated
+Camden, who made over his right to the University of Oxford, for the
+purpose of founding an historical professorship; but covenanted that all
+the revenues of the manor should be enjoyed for 99 years from his own
+death, by Mr. William Heather, his heirs and successors, subject to the
+payment of £140. annually. The University have since granted leases from
+time to time, for 21 years, to the Leighs, of Hawley. The church, a
+peculiar of the Archbishops of Canterbury, has a shingled tower and
+small octangular spire. On the south side of the chancel is an ancient
+confessional, consisting of three divisions of pointed arches, and a
+recess for holy water; on the north side are seven ancient stalls of oak
+with carved heads, and other figures. Here are several curious old
+monuments High-street House, which adjoins the churchyard, was rebuilt
+in 1701 by the late learned antiquary, John Thorpe, Esq., F.S.A., author
+of the "Customale Roffense," who purchased this estate of the Austens,
+of Hall Place, in 1750. On his death, his possessions devolved to his
+two daughters, by Catharine, daughter of Dr. Lawrence Holker, of
+Gravesend: High-street House, was allotted to the youngest, married to
+Cuthbert Potts, Esq. This gentleman became owner also, in right of his
+wife, of a contiguous villa, called Bourne Place, which was built about
+fifty years ago, by Lawrence Holker, Esq. son of Dr. Holker. Hall Place,
+formerly the seat of a family surnamed At-Hall, is an ancient and
+spacious edifice, now occupied as a boarding-school. On August 12, 1822,
+Robert, Marquis of Londonderry, sinking under the weight of a very heavy
+session of Parliament, died by his own hand. Symptoms of mental
+aberration had been observed in his Lordship by the Duke of Wellington,
+who had required Dr. Blankhead to visit him; his Lordship severed the
+carotid artery with a knife, and died almost instantly. He was an able
+diplomatic character, and an acute and efficient Parliamentary
+leader--he was, in the 53d year of his age: on the 20th of the same
+month his remains were deposited in Westminster Abbey. The Right
+Honourable Nicholas Vansittart was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of
+Lancaster, and raised to the Peerage by the title of Baron Bexley, of
+Bexley, in Kent, on the 31st January, 1833.
+
+[Sidenote: One of Camden's manors.]
+
+[Sidenote: Death of Lord Londonderry.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. |Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    15|Bibury[A]          pa|Gloucester|Fairford   5|Cirencester 7|
+    31|Bicester[B]   m.t.&pa|Oxford    |Aylesbury 16|Oxford     13|
+    34|Bickenhall         pa|Somerset  |Taunton    6|Ilminster   7|
+    39|Bickenhill, Church pa|Warwick   |Coleshill  5|Birmingham 10|
+    39|Bickenhill, Hill  ham|Warwick   |           4|Solihull    4|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    15|Bibury[A]          pa|Barford              10|   82|    950|
+    31|Bicester[B]   m.t.&pa|Buckingham           11|   55|   2868|
+    34|Bickenhall         pa|Langford             11|  140|    270|
+    39|Bickenhill, Church pa|Solihull              4|  101|    725|
+    39|Bickenhill, Hill  ham|Meriden               3|  100|       |
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BIBURY. In the eighth century this little village belonged to the
+See of Worcester: in the twelfth century it was given, with certain
+restrictions, to the Abbey of Oseney, in Oxfordshire; and, in 1547, it
+was finally alienated from the See of Worcester, to the Earl of Warwick,
+from whom the manor has passed through various families to Estcourt
+Cresswell, Esq. Bibury is a peculiar, possessing jurisdiction over
+Aldsworth, Barnsley, and Winson; the Lord of the Manor, however, claims
+a prescriptive right of appointing his own official and chancellor, who
+hath the recording of wills, and the granting of licenses within the
+peculiar: nor doth the Lord of the Manor allow to the Bishop the right
+of visitation. The Church is supposed to have been rebuilt by the monks
+of Oseney. The architecture of the north and south doors is in the early
+Norman style. On the north wall was a colossal painting, in fresco, of
+St. Christopher, the sight of whose image, according to the monkish
+legends, had sufficient efficacy to preserve the spectator from sudden
+or violent death: the painting is now obliterated. Several monuments and
+inscriptions to the memory of the Coxwalls, and other families, are in
+the edifice. The mansion was built in the reign of James II., by Sir
+Thomas Sackville, of the family of the Earls of Dorset. From its
+situation on an easy eminence, it commands a fine view of the river
+Colne, backed by an amphitheatre of low wood, of the most variegated
+foliage, clothing the acclivities of the hills, and rendered more
+beautiful from the contrast afforded by the barren downs which appear in
+the distance.
+
+[Sidenote: Monkish legends.]
+
+
+[B] BICESTER lies in a flat situation near the eastern border of the
+county. The parish is divided into two districts, termed King's End and
+Market End. The church is a large and respectable edifice. There is no
+peculiar manufacture: but the town derives great benefit from its market
+and cattle fairs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England
+and Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
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diff --git a/37519-8.zip b/37519-8.zip
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Curiosities of Great Britain. England &amp; Wales, by Thomas Dugdale.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
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+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
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+	 margin-bottom: 2em;
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+         margin-right: auto;
+         clear: both;
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+
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+          margin-right: auto;
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+
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+         margin-right: 10%;}
+
+      img {border:0;}
+
+
+
+
+    .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: .85em;}
+    .sidenote {width: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em;
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+               float: left; clear: left; margin-top: .5em;
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+
+
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+    .u        {text-decoration: underline;}
+
+
+
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England and
+Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Curiousities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol. 1
+       Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically
+              Arranged. 11 Volume set.
+
+Author: Thomas Dugdale
+
+Other: William Burnett
+
+Release Date: September 25, 2011 [EBook #37519]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Graeme Mackreth and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images generously made
+available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/illus001.jpg" alt="frontispiece"  />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3>CURIOSITIES of GREAT BRITAIN.</h3>
+
+<h2>ENGLAND &amp; WALES</h2>
+
+<h4>Delineated.</h4>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Historical, Entertaining &amp; Commercial.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'><small>Alphabetically arranged</small></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>By Thomas Dugdale. Antiquarian.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'><i><span class="smcap"><small>assisted by WILLIAM BURNETT</small></span>.<span class="smcap">civil engineer.</span></i><br />
+&mdash;1835&mdash;</p>
+
+
+
+<p  class="center" >
+<img src="images/illus002.jpg" alt="title page"  />
+</p>
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus003.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+<small>Drawn by J. Satmon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engraved by E. Mansill</small><br />
+
+KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE.<br />
+
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for Dugdales England &amp; Wales Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus004.jpg" alt="house"  /> <br />
+
+
+
+<small>Drawn by J. Marchant.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engraved by D. Buckle.</small><br />
+
+THEBERTON HOUSE THE SEAT of THO.<sup>S</sup> GIBSON ESQ.<br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for Dugdales England &amp; Wales Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus005.jpg" alt="durham"  /> <br />
+
+ CITY OF DURHAM,<br />
+
+DURHAM.<br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for Dugdales England &amp; Wales Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus006.jpg" alt="palace"  /> <br />
+
+THE QUEEN'S PALACE, PIMLICO.<br />
+
+<i>MIDDLESEX.</i><br />
+
+The birth place of The Prince of Wales, born, Nov.<sup>r</sup> 9. 1841, also of the Princess Royal, born. Nov.<sup>r</sup> 21, 1840.<br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for Dugdales England &amp; Wales Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus007.jpg" alt="abbey"  /> <br />
+
+WESTMINSTER ABBEY.<br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for Dugdales England &amp; Wales Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus008.jpg" alt="bridge"  /> <br />
+
+ YORK. <br />
+
+<i><small>OLD BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER FOSS.</small></i></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus009.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+ PENRICE CASTLE.<br />
+
+<i><small>GLAMORGANSHIRE</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus010.jpg" alt="tretwr"  /> <br />
+
+
+ TRETWR.<br />
+
+<i><small>BRECKNOCKSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus011.jpg" alt="post office"  /> <br />
+
+
+ NEW POST OFFICE.<br />
+
+<i><small>S<sup>t</sup>. Martins le-Grand</small></i><br />
+
+<i><small>LONDON.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus012.jpg" alt="exchange"  /> <br />
+
+
+ NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE.<br />
+
+<i><small>LONDON.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus013.jpg" alt="church"  /> <br />
+
+
+
+ DUNSTABLE PRIORY CHURCH,<br />
+
+<small>(WEST FRONT.)</small><br />
+
+<small>BEDFORDSHIRE.</small><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus014.jpg" alt="plymouth"  /> <br />
+
+ PLYMOUTH SOUND.<br />
+
+<small>FROM MOUNT EDGCOMBE.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus015.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+ MANERBEER CASTLE,<br />
+
+<i><small>PEMBROKESHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus016.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+ <i><small>West Tower of</small></i><br />
+
+GOODRICH CASTLE,<br />
+
+<i><small>HEREFORDSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus017.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+ <small>Drawn &amp; Engraved by J. Grey</small><br />
+
+CARLISLE CASTLE,<br />
+
+<small>CUMBERLAND.</small><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus018.jpg" alt="bank"  /> <br />
+
+
+
+ BANK OF ENGLAND.<br />
+
+<i><small>LONDON.</small></i></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus019.jpg" alt="bristol"  /> <br />
+
+ CITY OF BRISTOL,<br />
+
+<i><small>GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND SOMERSETSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Among the numerous distinguished individuals to whom Bristol has had the honour of giving birth, are Lilly, Chatterton,
+M<sup>rs</sup>. Mary Robinson, M<sup>rs</sup>. Hannah More, Southey, Sebastian Cabot, the first discoverer of the continent of America, &amp; many others.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus020.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+ KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE,<br />
+
+<i><small>YORKSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>About a mile down the river from this Castle, is S<sup>t</sup>. Robert's Cave, the scene of the murder committed by Eugene Aram,
+which was discovered thirteen years afterwards.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus021.jpg" alt="bridge"  /> <br />
+
+ BATTERSEA BRIDGE.<br />
+
+<i><small>SURREY.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus022.jpg" alt="abbey"  /> <br />
+
+
+ BATTLE ABBEY.<br />
+
+<i><small>SUSSEX.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus023.jpg" alt="abbey"  /> <br />
+
+ LLANTHONEY ABBEY.<br />
+
+<i>MONMOUTHSHIRE.</i><br />
+
+Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus024.jpg" alt="cowbridge"  /> <br />
+
+ COWBRIDGE,<br />
+
+<i><small>GLAMORGANSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus025.jpg" alt="valley"  /> <br />
+VALE OF TAFF.<br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus026.jpg" alt="castle"  /> <br />
+
+ LAUGHARNE CASTLE,<br />
+
+<i><small>CAERMARTHENSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus027.jpg" alt="island"  /> <br />
+
+RUNNEY MEAD, OR MAGNA CHARTA ISLAND.<br />
+
+<i><small>NEAR EGHAM, SURREY.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>This place is celebrated in history as the spot where the assembled barons in 1215, obtained from King John, the
+grant of Magna Charta.</small></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus028.jpg" alt="abbey"  /> <br />
+
+ KIRKSTALL ABBEY, NEAR LEEDS.<br />
+
+<i><small>YORKSHIRE.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus029.jpg" alt="hall"  /> <br />
+
+ GOLDSMITH'S HALL.<br />
+
+<i><small>FOSTER LANE, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON.</small></i><br />
+
+<small>Drawn &amp; Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND &amp; WALES Delineated.</small></p>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 5em;">
+<img src="images/illus030.jpg" alt="hospital"  /> <br />
+
+ MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.<br />
+
+Charles Street Mary-le-bone.<br />
+
+This Hospital was instituted for sick &amp; lame patients in 1745. The present substantial building was completed in 1835.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map01.jpg"><img src="images/map01a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ ENGLAND &amp; WALES</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map02.jpg"><img src="images/map02a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ ENGLAND &amp; WALES<br />
+
+With its Railroads &amp; Canals.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map03.jpg"><img src="images/map03a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ BEDFORDSHIRE.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map04.jpg"><img src="images/map04a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+
+ BERKSHIRE.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map05.jpg"><img src="images/map05a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map06.jpg"><img src="images/map06a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ CAMBRIDGESHIRE</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map07.jpg"><img src="images/map07a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+
+ CHESHIRE</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map08.jpg"><img src="images/map08a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+
+ CORNWALL.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map09.jpg"><img src="images/map09a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ CUMBERLAND.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<a href="images/map10.jpg"><img src="images/map10a.jpg"  alt="england"  /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p class='center'><small> click on image for larger version</small><br />
+
+ DERBYSHIRE.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4>CURIOSITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN.</h4>
+
+<h2>ENGLAND AND WALES DELINEATED:</h2>
+
+<h3>HISTORICAL, ENTERTAINING, AND COMMERCIAL.</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<table summary='table' width ='80%' >
+<tr>
+<td colspan='8' align='center'>EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERS SUBJOINED TO THE NAMES OF PLACES.
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>bo
+</td>
+<td>borough
+</td>
+<td>hun
+</td>
+<td>hundred
+</td>
+<td>ra
+</td>
+<td>rape
+</td>
+<td>W.
+</td>
+<td>West
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>chap
+</td>
+<td>chapelry
+</td>
+<td>la
+</td>
+<td>lathe
+</td>
+<td>ti
+</td>
+<td>tithing
+</td>
+<td>N.
+</td>
+<td>North
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>co
+</td>
+<td>county
+</td>
+<td>lib
+</td>
+<td>liberty
+</td>
+<td>to
+</td>
+<td>township
+</td>
+<td>S.
+</td>
+<td>South
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>dis
+</td>
+<td>district
+</td>
+<td>m. t.
+</td>
+<td>market town
+</td>
+<td>vil
+</td>
+<td>village
+</td>
+<td>S.E.
+</td>
+<td>South-East
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>div
+</td>
+<td>division
+</td>
+<td>pa
+</td>
+<td>parish
+</td>
+<td>wap
+</td>
+<td>wapentake
+</td>
+<td>S.W.
+</td>
+<td>South-West
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ext. p.
+</td>
+<td>extra parochial
+</td>
+<td>pre
+</td>
+<td>precinct
+</td>
+<td>ward
+</td>
+<td>wardship
+</td>
+<td>N.E.
+</td>
+<td>North-East
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ham
+</td>
+<td>hamlet
+</td>
+<td>qr
+</td>
+<td>quarter
+</td>
+<td>E.
+</td>
+<td>East
+</td>
+<td>N.W.
+</td>
+<td>North-West
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan='8' align='center'>E.R. York.&mdash;N.R. York.&mdash;or W.R. York ... East, North, or West Riding
+of Yorkshire.
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<table  summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>34</td>
+<td>Abbas Combe</td>
+<td align='right'>pa</td>
+<td>Somerset</td>
+<td>Wincanton</td>
+<td align='right'>3</td>
+<td>Milborne Port</td>
+<td align='right'>6</td>
+<td>Shaftesbury</td>
+<td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='right'>105</td>
+<td align='right'>448</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td>Abbenhall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Gloucester</td><td> Newnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td>Mitchel Dean</td><td align='right'>1</td><td>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>235</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td>Abberbury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Salop</td><td>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Melverly</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>161</td><td align='right'>1798</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Abberley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td> Bewdley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Kidderminst</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>590</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Abberton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>203</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Abberton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td> <td align='right'>6</td><td>Alcester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Worcester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>90</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Abberwick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumber</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>135</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Abber-cwm-Hir</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Rhayader</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Presteig</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>368</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Dore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>533</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Holm[B]</td><td align='right'>pa </td><td>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td>Allonby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>309</td><td align='right'>3056</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ABBERBURY, or Alberbury, a parish and township, partly in the
+hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, in the county of Montgomery, and
+partly in that of Ford, in the county of Salop. Warine, sheriff of this
+county in the reign of Henry I., founded an abbey for black monks, a
+cell to Guardmont, in Limosin, which, at the suppression of alien priories
+was bestowed by Henry VI. upon the college founded by Archbishop
+Chiechley. Benthall, Eyton, Rowton, Amaston, and Wollaston, are
+all townships of this parish. At Glyn, in this parish, is the celebrated
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Old Parr's
+cottage and
+birth-place,
+who lived in
+the reigns of
+ten kings
+and queens.</span>
+
+
+Old Parr's cottage, which has undergone but little alteration since his
+time; it is timber-framed, rare, and picturesque, within view of Rodney's
+Pillar on Bredden Hill, in Montgomeryshire. In Wollaston Chapel is a
+brass plate, with his portrait thus inscribed: "The old, old, very
+old man, Thomas Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of
+Wennington, within the chapelry of Great Wollaston, and parish of
+Alberbury, in the county of Salop, in 1483. He lived in the reigns of
+ten kings and queens of England, viz. King Edward IV., King Edward
+V., King Richard III., King Henry VII., King Henry VIII., King
+Edward VI., Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King James I., and
+Charles I.; he died in London, (sixteen years after his presentation to
+<span class="sidenote">Did penance
+at the
+age of 105.</span>
+King Charles,) on the 13th of November, 1635, and was buried in Westminster
+Abbey, on the 15th of the same month, aged one hundred and
+fifty-two years and nine months. At the age of one hundred and five,
+he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for criminal connexion with
+Catherine Milton, by whom he had offspring."</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ABBEY-HOLM is a small town in the ward of Allerdale. The
+original consequence of this little town was derived from an abbey of
+Cistercian monks, founded here, about the twelfth century, by Henry I.
+of England, as the crown rolls imply. Its benefactors were many in
+number, and by the magnificent grants and privileges with which it was
+endowed, it acquired so much importance, that during the reigns of
+Edward I. and II. its abbots, though not mitred, were frequently
+summoned to sit in parliament. The abbey was pillaged and burnt
+during the incursion of Robert Bruce, but afterwards rebuilt with great
+magnificence; few vestiges, however, of its monastic buildings now
+remain. From the ruins the Parochial Chapel was formed, and there
+yet stands a part of the church in its original form. During the reign
+of Henry VIII. the abbey was chiefly dilapidated; the church continued
+in good condition till the year 1600, when the steeple, one hundred
+and fourteen feet high, suddenly fell down, and by its fall destroyed
+great part of the chancel. Its total ruin was nearly accomplished by an
+accidental fire five years afterwards. This fire took place on April 18,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Abbey
+destroyed by the accidental
+firing of
+a daw's nest.</span>
+
+
+1604, and was occasioned by a servant carrying a live coal into the
+roof of the church, to search for an iron chisel; the boisterous wind blew
+the coal out of his hand into a daw's nest, by which the whole was
+ignited, and within less than three hours it consumed both the body of
+the chancel and the whole church, except the south side of the low
+church, which was saved by means of a stone vault. Almost due-west
+from Abbey-Holm, in a strong situation near the sea coast, are some
+remains of Wulstey Castle, a fortress, which was erected by the
+abbots to secure their treasures, books, and charters from the sudden
+depredations of the Scots. "In this castle," observes Camden, "tradition
+reports, that the magic works of Sir Michael Scot (or Scotus),
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Michael
+Scot, the
+magician.</span>
+
+
+were preserved, till they were mouldering into dust. He professed a
+religious life here about the year 1290, and became so versed in the
+mathematics, and other abstruse sciences, that he obtained the character
+of a magician, and was believed, in that credulous age, to have performed
+many miracles." The story of Michael Scot forms a beautiful
+episode in Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel," the notes to which
+furnish some curious information respecting that extraordinary personage.
+Sir Michael Scot, of Balwearie, we are told, flourished during
+the thirteenth century, and was one of the ambassadors sent to bring
+the Maid of Norway to Scotland, upon the death of Alexander III.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Scottish
+legends.</span>
+
+
+His memory survives in many a legend; and in the south of Scotland,
+any work of great labour and antiquity is ascribed either to the agency
+of auld Michael, of Sir William Wallace, or the devil. The following
+are amongst the current traditions concerning Michael Scot:&mdash;He was
+chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from the King of
+France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his subjects upon
+those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and splendid
+retinue, he evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse, mounted
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The fiend
+horse.</span>
+
+
+upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards France.
+When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the palace,
+and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador with so little of the
+pomp and circumstance of diplomacy was not received with much
+respect, and the king was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his
+demand, when Michael besought him to suspend his resolution till he
+had seen his horse stamp three times: the first stamp shook every
+steeple in Paris, and caused all the bells to ring; the second threw
+down three of the towers of the palace; and the infernal steed had
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">French
+King's concession.</span>
+
+
+lifted up his hoof to give the third stamp, when the king rather chose to
+dismiss Michael, with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the
+probable consequences. Another time, it is said that, while residing at
+the tower of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above
+Selkirk, having heard of the fame of a sorceress, called the Witch of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The witch
+of Falsehope.</span>
+
+
+Falsehope, who lived on the opposite side of the river, Michael went one
+morning to put her skill to the test, but was disappointed by her
+positively denying any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse
+with her, he laid his wand inadvertently on the table which the
+hag observing, suddenly snatched it up and struck him with it. Feeling
+the force of the charm, he rushed out of the house; but as it had
+conferred on him the external appearance of a hare, his servant, who
+waited without, hallooed upon the discomfited wizard his own greyhounds,
+and pursued him so close, that, in order to obtain a moment's
+breathing to reverse the charm, Michael, after a very fatiguing course,
+was fain to take refuge in his own common sewer.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, October 29, for horses and horned cattle.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Abbots Ann</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Stockbridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>562</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Abbots Bickington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Holsworthy</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hartland</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>220</td><td align='right'>77</td>
+</tr>
+<tr
+><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Abbots Bromley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>1129</td><td align='right'>1621</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Abbotsbury[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Weymouth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>874</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ABBOTS BROMLEY. The hobby-horse dance, an ancient custom,
+was observed here till the civil war.&mdash;Ten or twelve of the dancers
+carried, on their shoulders, deers' heads, painted with the arms of Paget,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Hobby-horse
+dance</span>
+
+
+Bagot, and Welles, to whom the chief property of the town belonged.
+The horns yet hang up in the church, but the custom is now discontinued.
+The parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty, and Bromley
+Hurst township. Bagot's park is the deer-park of Lord Bagot, whose
+seat is at Blithefield.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market, Tuesday.</i>&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Tuesday before Mid-lent Sunday, May 22, September 4,
+for horses and horned cattle.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] ABBOTSBURY consists of a single parish, divided into three
+streets, nearly in the form of the letter Y, lying in a valley surrounded
+and protected by bold hills near the sea. There is a tradition that this
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Tradition of
+St. Peter</span>
+
+
+place was called Abodesbyry by St. Peter himself, in the infancy of Christianity,
+but it is more probably supposed to have derived its name from
+the magnificent abbey, originally founded here, in the early part of the
+eleventh century. The ruins of the abbey (which was once large and
+splendid, but is now nearly demolished), consist of a large barn, a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A ruined
+abbey.</span>
+
+
+stable, supposed to have been the dormitory, a porch which belonged
+to the conventual church, the principal entrance, a portion of the walls,
+and two buildings conjectured to have been used for domestic purposes.
+The barn, which, when entire, was the largest in the county, is now so
+dilapidated, that only a part of it can be used. The church, in which
+Orcus and his wife, the founders, were buried, is, with the exception
+of the porch and a pile of ruins under some neighbouring elms, totally
+destroyed; but the numerous chantries and chapels which belonged
+to it sufficiently prove its ancient magnificence. On an eminence, at a
+short distance from the town, stands a small building called St. Catherine's
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">St. Catherine's
+chapel,
+a sea mark.</span>
+
+
+Chapel, which is supposed to have been erected about the time of
+Edward IV., and which from its height and lofty situation, serves both
+for a sea and land mark. Abbotsbury Church appears to have been built
+a short time before the reformation; the pulpit is pierced by musket
+balls, said to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers, at the officiating
+minister, whom, however, they missed. But it is more likely to have
+occurred at the time of Sir Anthony Astley Cooper's attack on the
+royalists, at the siege of Sir John Strangeway's house, in 1651. About
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Wild fowl
+decoy, and
+swannery.</span>
+
+
+a mile to the south-west of Abbotsbury, is the "decoy," where great
+quantities of wild fowl are annually taken. But the object which most
+engages the attention of strangers, in the neighbourhood of this town,
+is the celebrated "swannery," which, not long since, was the property
+of the Earl of Ilchester. In the open or broad space of the fleet are
+kept six or seven hundred swans, formerly one thousand five hundred,
+including hoppers&mdash;a small species of swans, who feed and range, and
+return home again.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, July 10, for sheep and toys.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Abbotsham</td><td align='right'>m.t.&amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bideford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>386</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Abbotside,</td><td align='right'>H.&amp;Low pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>762</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Isle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>380</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Kerswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Newton Bush</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Torquay</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>442</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Langley[A] </td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hemel Hemp</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>1980</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Abbots Leigh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedminster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Keynsham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Abbotsley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>St. Neots</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>369</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Abbots Morton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>236</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Abbots Stoke</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Crewkerne</td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>587</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Abbotston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke </td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>248</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Abdon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>9   </td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>170</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Abenbury Fecham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flintshire</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>111</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Abenbury Vawr</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Llangollen</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>214</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Aber[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernavon</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aberconway</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>552</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aberaeron</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith </td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aberarth</td><td align='right'>vil &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith </td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>976</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aber Bechan</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Newtown</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Welsh Pool</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>178</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Abercwhiler</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>St. Asaph</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Caerwys</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>487</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberavon [C]</td><td align='right'>bo. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Swansea</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>572</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Aberbaidon</td><td align='right'>am</td><td align='left'>Brecknock</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Crickhowel</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>1781</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Aberconway [D]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Llanrwst</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon </td><td align='right'>24  </td><td align='right'>236  </td><td align='right'>1245</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ABBOTTS LANGLEY. Before the Conquest, and till the dissolution
+of the monasteries, this place was in the possession of the
+abbots of St. Albans. About the time of Henry I., Nicholas Breakspear,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Englishman
+made Pope.</span>
+
+
+a native of this place, was advanced to the rank of cardinal, and at length
+became pope, by the title of Adrian IV.; being the only Englishman that
+ever attained that dignity. He died, not without suspicion of poison,
+in 1158.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ABER (which signifies the mouth of a river, port, or harbour)
+is situated on the river Gwyngregyr, which here discharges itself into
+the Irish Sea. The native Welsh princes had a palace at this place,
+some remains of which are shewn as the residence of Llewelyn ap
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ferry to
+Anglesea.</span>
+
+
+Griffith. It is one of the ferries to Anglesea, and a convenient place
+from which to visit the formidable Penmaen Mawr mountain. The
+passage from hence across the Laven Sands to Beaumaris is by no
+means safe, as the sands frequently shift; but the large bell of this
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Laven sands
+dangerous.
+The bell
+constantly
+tolled in
+foggy weather.</span>
+
+
+village is constantly rung in foggy weather, in the hope that its sound
+may serve to direct those whom imperious necessity obliges to cross under
+all disadvantages. Two miles from this pleasing village, following the
+banks of the stream, which flows through highly picturesque scenery,
+there is a most romantic glen, and a very fine waterfall; the upper part
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Romantic
+glen, and
+waterfall.</span>
+
+
+of this cataract is sometimes broken into three or four divisions, by the
+rugged force of the impending cliff, but the lower one forms a broad
+sheet, and descends about sixty feet, in a very grand style.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 3.15 A.M., departs 9.32 P.M.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Bull.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[C] ABERAVON is situated at the mouth of the river Avon, on
+Swansea Bay, and has a harbour for small vessels. Although no charter
+exists for a market, one has been held here, more than a century
+past. There is a ridiculous belief, amongst the people of this place, that
+every Christmas Day, and that day alone, a large salmon presents himself
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Singular
+account of a
+Salmon.</span>
+
+
+in the river, and allows himself to be caught and handled by any one
+who chooses; but it would be considered an act of impiety to detain him.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, April 30.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[D] ABERCONWAY is an ancient fortified town, beautifully situated
+upon the estuary of the river Conway. The town is nearly of a triangular
+shape, and is thought by some to have been the Conovium of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Conovium
+of the
+Romans.</span>
+
+
+the Romans. The annals of this place commence no earlier than with
+the history of its castle, which was erected in 1284, by command of
+Edward I., as a security against the insurrections of the Welsh. Soon
+after its erection, the royal founder was besieged in it, and the garrison
+almost reduced by famine to surrender, when they were extricated by
+the arrival of a fleet with provision. At the commencement of the civil
+wars, it was garrisoned on behalf of the king, by Dr. John Williams,
+Archbishop of York. In 1645 he gave the government of the castle
+to his nephew, William Hookes. Two years after, Prince Rupert
+superseded the Archbishop in the command of North Wales. He endeavoured
+to obtain redress from the king, but failed. Enraged at this
+injury, he joined Mytton, and assisted in the reduction of the place.
+The town was taken by storm, August 15, 1646, but the castle did not
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Town taken
+by storm, in
+1646.</span>
+
+
+surrender till November 10. This fortress remained in tranquillity till a
+grant was made of it, by King Charles, to the Earl of Conway and
+Kilulta; when he had scarcely obtained possession, before he ordered
+an agent to remove the timber, iron, lead, and other materials. It was
+held on lease, by Owen Holland, Esq. from the crown, at an annual rent
+of six shillings and eightpence, and a dish of fish to Lord Holland, as
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+tenure&mdash;6s. 8d.
+and a dish of fish.</span>
+
+
+often as he passed through the town. Thus, unprotected, it has
+suffered material injuries from wind and weather, and is reduced to a
+state of rapid decay. The ruins are remarkably picturesque, and very
+extensive. The town was surrounded by high massive walls, twelve
+feet thick, strengthened at intervals by twenty-four circular and semi-circular
+towers; these, with the four principal gateways, remain in tolerable
+preservation. There are scarcely any remains of the Cistercian
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cistercian
+Abbey,
+founded by
+Llewelyn
+ap Jorwerth
+in 1185.</span>
+
+
+Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, in 1185. The church contains
+a few modern monuments, belonging to the family of the Wynnes,
+formerly of this place. The font appears ancient; it is composed of black
+marble, curiously carved, and supported by a cluster of pilasters, standing
+upon a pedestal. In Castle Street is a very old house, called the college,
+which has a singular window, decorated with several coats of arms of
+the Stanley family. A day school is also kept in an ancient mansion,
+called Plas Mawr, situated near the market place, which was erected in
+1585, by Robert Wynne, Esq. of Gwyder. The river Conway rises out
+of Llyn Conway, at the south extremity of the county, in the mountains
+of Penmachno. The ferry is of importance, as it lies upon one of the
+great roads from London to Ireland, but is justly considered a dangerous
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The ferry
+considered
+dangerous; loss of the
+Irish mail
+and 14 passengers, in
+1806.</span>
+
+
+passage, and many are the accidents which have occurred. On Christmas
+Day, 1806, the boat conveying the Irish mail coach, was lost, and
+all the passengers, including the coachman and guard, were drowned,
+except two. At the Ferry-house a noble bay is formed where the tide
+enters the river. In this view, indeed, there are all the ingredients of a
+sublime and beautiful landscape. Few rivers, in England or Wales,
+in so short a course as twenty-nine miles, present so great a variety of
+beautiful scenery. Below Luna Hall, the falls of the Conway exhibit
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Falls of the
+Conway
+present a
+noble cataract,
+shooting
+from a
+solid rock.</span>
+
+
+a noble cataract, about fifty feet; the stream of water, shooting directly
+from one aperture in the solid rock to a considerable distance, descends
+into a rocky basin, surrounded by hanging woods. One mile below this
+town, at Trefriw, the river becomes navigable, and contributes to the
+supply of the surrounding county. In Conway town there still exists
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Pearl
+fishery and
+suspension
+bridge.</span>
+
+
+a pearl fishery, and a chain suspension bridge has been recently erected
+in lieu of a dangerous ferry. The vale of Conway teems with interesting
+objects. Upon the west side is the abrupt termination of the Snowdon
+chain, down the declivities of which, through innumerable chasms,
+fissures, and channels, rush the superfluous waters of the lakes above, to
+mingle with the parent ocean. The principal employment of the poor,
+in this neighbourhood, is gathering the different species of fuci, commonly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Manufactory
+of barilla.</span>
+
+
+called sea-wreck, thrown up by the tide, or growing upon the
+breakers. This wreck they put into a kind of square fireplace, made upon
+the sand, and heat it till it becomes a liquid and forms a cake; when
+further baked or burnt it resembles cinders, and is called barilla or impure
+fossil alkali; in this state it is sold to manufacturers of soap and glass.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 26, April 30, June 20, August 19, September 16,
+October 20, and November 15.&mdash;Inns, Harp, Bull's Head, and White Lien.&mdash;<i>Mail</i>
+arrives 2 A.M., departs 10&frac34; P.M.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberdare[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Mer. Tydvil</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>3961</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Aberdaron</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Pwllheli</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Nevin</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bardsey Isle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>1389</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberddaw, East</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Llandaff</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Aberdyfi</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merion</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Towyn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Machynlleth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Aberedwy[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>344</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Abererch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Pwllheli</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Crickieth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Nevin</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>234</td><td align='right'>1365</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aberford[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Ferry Bridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>925</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Aberffraw</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Anglesea</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Newborough</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>1367</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny[D]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Crickhowell</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Usk</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>4230</td>
+</tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] ABERDARE. <i>Fairs</i>, for cattle, April 19, Whit-Monday, November 14.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ABEREDWY. This delightful village derived its name from its
+situation, near the junction of the River Wye and Edwy. Nothing in
+nature can exceed the beauty of the neighbouring scenery. The Edwy
+descends through lofty walls of rock; in some places, broken into crags,
+which frightfully overhang the abyss. Near the place are the ruins of
+a castle, the retreat of the last native Welsh Prince, Llewelyn ap
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ruined
+castle&mdash;the
+retreat of
+Llewelyn,
+the last native
+Prince of
+Wales.</span>
+
+
+Gruffydd. The object of Llewelyn's journey to Aberedwy was to
+consult the chief persons of the district, upon the best means of successfully
+opposing the King of England, then invading Wales. On his
+arrival he found himself disappointed. Instead of meeting with friends,
+he was surrounded by the enemy. Edmund Mortimer and John Gyfford,
+acquainted with his route, marched from Herefordshire, with their
+troops to meet him. The enemy were numerous&mdash;resistance was in
+vain&mdash;Llewelyn withdrew to Builth. The mountains being covered
+with snow, he caused the shoes of his horse to be reversed, in order to
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His horses
+shoes reversed.</span>
+
+
+baffle pursuit, but the treacherous <i>smith</i> betrayed him.
+Llewelyn broke down the bridge of Builth, but was closely followed by the
+English forces, who fruitlessly attempted to gain it. Sir Elias Walwyn
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Betrayed by
+his smith.</span>
+
+
+crossed the river, with a detachment, about eight miles below, at a
+place called Little Tom's Ferry Boat, and coming unexpectedly on the
+Welsh army, routed them. Llewelyn himself was attacked and slain,
+unarmed, in a narrow valley, not two hundred yards from the scene of
+action. Adam Francton, the murderer of Llewelyn, took no notice of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His army
+routed, and
+himself
+slain.</span>
+
+
+his victim, but joined in the pursuit of the Welsh. Returning with the
+view of plundering the slain, he discovered the wounded person was no
+other than the Prince of Wales; for on stripping him, he found a letter
+in cipher and his privy seal. The brutal Francton, overjoyed that the
+Welsh prince had fallen into his hands, cut off his head, and sent
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His head
+sent to the
+King of
+England.</span>
+
+
+it to the King of England, and thus perished the last native Prince of
+Wales.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ABERFORD is situated upon the River Cock, on the great northern
+road, on the banks of which river was fought the famous battle of Towton,
+in 1461, so called from a village in the vicinity. The town consists of a
+long straggling street, in the north of which are the remains of a Norman
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Here the famous
+battle
+of Towton
+was fought.</span>
+
+
+fortification, called Castle Carey; and the whole is in the line of the
+ancient Roman road. This town is curiously situated, as respects township:
+the west side is in Aberford-cum-Parlington; the east of the same
+end is Lotherton-cum-Aberford, and the north of the river is Aberford
+alone.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 4.11 <span class="smcap">P.M.</span>, departs 8.46 <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Swan.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[D] ABERGAVENNY, (the ancient Gobanium of the Romans,) and its
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Gobanium
+of the Romans.</span>
+
+
+environs, have strong claims to the traveller's attention. Its castle and
+delightful terrace overlook the rich vale of Usk; its church, abounding
+in costly sculptured tombs, its beautifully variegated mountains, all
+conspire to render this place particularly attractive. This town was
+once fortified, and many portions of the work remain, particularly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Tudor's
+Gate.</span>
+
+
+Tudor's Gate. The western entrance is furnished with two portcullises,
+and remarkable for the beautifully composed landscape seen through it.
+The style of building which forms the remains of this fortress marks
+its origin to have been subsequent to the Norman epoch. Excursions
+are frequently made to Blaenavon Iron Works, about six miles distant,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Blaenavon
+Iron Works.
+4000 men
+employed.</span>
+
+
+which employ upwards of four thousand men. The mountainous
+territory containing these mineral treasures of iron, was demised by
+the crown to the Earl of Abergavenny, and is held under a lease
+by Hill and Co. A principal excursion from Abergavenny is that
+which leads northwards to Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin, seated in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Llanthony
+Abbey, a
+majestic
+ruin in the
+black
+mountains.</span>
+
+
+a deep recess of the black mountains, at the very extremity of
+Monmouthshire. Abergavenny is a place of much resort, being the
+thoroughfare from the west of Wales to Bath, Bristol, and Gloucestershire.
+Its principal manufacture is flannel, and its annual fairs for
+cattle are well attended.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 2 P.M., departs 11 A.M.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Inns</span>, Angel, and Greyhound.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Hill
+and Co., draw upon Esdaile and Co.,&mdash;Jones and Co., draw upon Williams and Co.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>,
+May 14, lean cattle and sheep; 1st Monday after Trinity, linen and woollen
+cloths; September 25, horses, hogs, and flannel.&mdash;<i>Market</i> Tuesday.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>hun</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td align='right'>30818</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Abergele</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>St. Asaph</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holywell</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aberconway</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>224</td><td align='right'>2506</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abergorlech</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Llandilo Var</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>209</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abergwilley</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Llandilo Var</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Newcastle </td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'> 2675</td>
+</tr>
+<tr> <td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aberhafesp</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Llanydloes</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Llanfair</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>180</td><td align='right'>535</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aberhaly</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Llanfair</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>180</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abermarles</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Llandovery </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llangadock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>198</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Aberlyfni</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Brecknock</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>100</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Abernant</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Llaugharne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newcastle </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>222 </td><td align='right'>654</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aberpergwm</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Merthyr Tyd </td><td align='right'>13 </td><td align='right'>188 </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aber-Rhiw</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Welsh Pool </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Montgomery </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Newtown </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>172 </td><td align='right'>2429 </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aber-Porth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>24</td><td align='right'>235</td><td align='right'>485</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Aberyskir</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Brecknock</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Llandovery</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>110</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Machynlleth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aberllelwyn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>4128</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Abergaven</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Crickhowell</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>5992</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Abingdon[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>5259</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ABERYSTWITH, a market town and seaport in the hundred of
+Glenaur Glynn, and also a township in the parish of Llanbadarn Vawr.
+It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Ystwith and Rhyddol, at
+which the former falls into the sea in the bay of Cardigan. The building
+of a castle, of which some vestiges remain, is attributed to Edward I.
+It stands on a craggy eminence projecting into the sea at the west of
+the town, and affords a magnificent view of the whole line of Welsh
+coast within the bay of Cardigan. The streets are steep and uneven.&mdash;The
+houses, which are principally formed of dark slate, present a very
+singular appearance. For some years past its celebrity, as a summer
+retreat and bathing-place, has been annually increasing, which is greatly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Fine bathing
+place.</span>
+
+
+contributed to by the beauty of the neighbourhood, and the commanding
+prospects around. The roads to it have been made excellent, and
+the customary amusements of plays and assemblies during the season add
+to the attractions for summer visitants. There was formerly a herring
+fishery, and the practice of fishing is still carried on with considerable
+advantage by the natives. About seven miles north of Aberystwith, on
+the sea coast, a considerable extent of land, has, by drainage, been
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Twelve
+miles of embankment.</span>
+
+
+recovered; twelve miles of embankment have been formed; and two
+navigable cuts, with a road of three miles and a stone bridge completed.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 7 A.M. departs 5 P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, 1st Monday in May and November, chiefly
+for hiring servants.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, W. Davis and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>,
+Gogerddon Arms, Old Lion, and Talbot.&mdash;<i>Markets</i>, Monday and Saturday.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ABINGDON, at the very edge of the county of Berkshire, was
+called Shovesham, by the Anglo-Saxons, until the foundation of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Monastery
+of Benedictine
+monks.</span>
+
+
+abbey, from which period it began to assume the name of Abbandeen,
+or the Town of the Abbey. This monastery, the monks of which were
+Benedictines, was founded by Cissa, an Anglo-Saxon monarch, in 675.
+During the reign of Alfred it was demolished by the Danes, and
+remained in ruins till King Edgar partly restored it, in 954. Ethelwold,
+the abbot at that time, erected and embellished the church, and his
+successors contributed to its increase. After the Conquest, the wealth
+and grandeur of the abbey were equal to any similar foundation in
+England. William the Conqueror kept Easter in the abbey, A.D. 1084;
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">William the
+Conqueror
+kept Easter,
+and his son
+was educated
+here.
+Jeffery of
+Monmouth
+buried in
+the abbey.</span>
+
+
+and here was educated his youngest son, Henry, surnamed Beauclerc,
+afterwards King Henry I., in whose reign, one of the most eminent
+characters who received sepulture within the abbey, was the celebrated
+Jeffery of Monmouth, author of the British History,&mdash;a work, from
+which some of our best poets have derived materials for their sublime
+compositions. Shakspeare's Lear, and Milton's Comus, were both
+supplied from Jeffery's history. He flourished in the reign of Henry I.
+Among the natives of Abingdon, whose talents have rendered their
+possessors eminent, was Sir John Mason, a statesman of the sixteenth
+century. His memory is the more worthy to be revered,
+because, from a very obscure origin, his genius and perseverance
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir J. Mason,
+born
+here&mdash;his father
+a cow-herd.</span>
+
+
+advanced him to the rank of privy-counsellor, ambassador to France, and
+chancellor of the University of Oxford. His father was a cow-herd
+and his mother, sister to one of the abbey monks, who attended to his
+early tuition, and sent him to Oxford, where he became a fellow of
+All Souls' college. While in this situation, the liveliness of his temper
+occasioned him to be chosen to compliment Henry VIII. on his visit to
+the University, in the year 1523, which being executed in a most
+graceful manner, engaged the favour of the monarch, who promoted him
+to the honourable offices above-mentioned. He died in 1566, and was
+buried in St. Paul's cathedral.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 2.49 A.M., departs 12.10 A.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, 1st Monday in Lent, May 6, June 20,
+August 6, September 19, cattle; Monday before Old Michaelmas, statute, and December
+11, horses and cattle.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Knapp and Co., draw on Williams and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>,
+Crown and Thistle, and Queen's Arms.&mdash;<i>Markets</i>, Monday and Friday.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>37</td><td>Abinger</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Surrey</td>
+<td>Dorking</td><td align='right'>4</td><td>Guildford</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td>Ockley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>767</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td>Abinghall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Gloucester</td>
+<td>Newnham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td>Mitchel Dean</td><td align='right'>1</td>
+<td>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>235</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>28</td><td>Abington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Northam</td>
+<td>Northam</td><td align='right'>2</td><td>Wellingboro</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td>Moulton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>155</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>6</td><td>Abington,Gt.&amp; Lit.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Cambridge</td>
+<td>Linton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>594</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>6</td><td>Abington in the Clay</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Cambridge</td>
+<td>Royston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td>Potton</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>259</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ab Kettleby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton Mow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>16</td>
+<td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>331</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ablington</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>103</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abney</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Tideswell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>14</td>
+<td align='left'>Chapel-Frith</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>112</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Above Sawdde</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Llangadock</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Llandovery</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'> Llandilo Var</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>803</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Above Town</td><td align='right'>div</td><td align='left'>Lancashire</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='left'>KirkbyLons</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>591</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Abram</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancashire</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>197</td><td align='right'>511</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Abson with Wick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Marshfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>824</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Abthorp</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Northam</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'> Banbury</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>477</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Aburthin</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorg</td><td align='left'>Llantrissant </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='left'> Bridgend </td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'> Horncastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>204</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Acaster Malbis</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>707</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Acaster Selby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>201</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Accrington, New</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Haslingden</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'> Burnley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>4960</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Accrington, Old</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>1323</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Achurch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northam</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Kettering</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>239</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Acklam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Gt. Driffield</td><td align='right'>15</td>
+<td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>827</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Acklam</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Yarm</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Guisboro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>244</td><td align='right'>371</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Acklington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northum</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>13</td>
+<td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>285</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ackton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>51</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ackworth[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>1660</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ACKWORTH is a parish and township, in the upper division of
+Osgold Cross Wapentake, nominally divided into higher and lower
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Quakers'
+school.</span>
+
+
+Ackworth. It is celebrated for its Quakers' School, which was purchased
+in 1777, with eighty-five acres of land, from the trustees of
+the Foundling Hospital, and rendered a seminary for the children of the
+more humble class of Friends. The number of pupils, is one hundred and
+eighty boys, and one hundred and twenty girls.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Acle[A]</td><td align='right'>m. t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Loddon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>820</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Acomb</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>882</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Acomb East</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aldston Moor</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>36</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Acomb West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>18</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>523</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aconbury[B]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>163</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Acrise</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Folkstone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>194</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>3928</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>309</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>215</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Harrow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Brentford</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Uxbridge</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>2453</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>91</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Lavenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>565</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Acton Beauchamp</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>239</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Burnell[C]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>381</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] ACLE. <i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, Wednesday before Michaelmas day.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ACONBURY. At this place a nunnery of the order of St. Augustine
+was founded by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacey, in the reign
+
+<span class="sidenote">Nunnery.</span>
+
+of King John. The Cliffords were large benefactors to this house,
+which, at the dissolution, possessed <i>&pound;75. 7s. 6d.</i> per annum. There
+are some remains yet standing, occupied as a farm house. On the summit
+of Aconbury Hill, a bold and extensive eminence, well wooded, and
+commanding a charming view over the adjacent county, are traces of a
+large encampment.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ACTON BURNELL is celebrated for the remains of an ancient
+castle, founded by Robert Burnell, bishop of Bath and Wells, a man of
+eminent abilities, first treasurer, and afterwards chancellor of England,
+who was much employed by King Edward I. in Welsh affairs. He died
+at Berwick, in 1292, and was buried in the cathedral at Wells. The
+castle is a quadrangular building, with a square tower at each corner.
+The hall in which King Edward I. held his parliament, in 1283, was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Edward I.
+held his
+parliament
+here in
+1283.</span>
+
+
+183 feet long, by 41 broad, but the gable ends only remain. The
+Statutum de Mercatoribus enacted here, is from that circumstance better
+known as the Statute of Acton Burnell. The successor of the bishop, at
+the castle, was Sir Edward Burnell, son of Philip Burnell and Maud,
+daughter of Richard Arundel. He served in many actions in Scotland,
+under Edward I., and always appeared in great splendour, attended by a
+chariot decked with banners of his arms. He was summoned to parliament
+from the fifth to the eighth year of Edward the second's reign, and died
+in 1315. In 1346, the castle came into the possession of Nicholas Lord
+Burnell, who died in 1382, and is buried in the church under an altar
+tomb, inlaid with his effigy in brass. In the reign of Henry VI. the Lovell
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lord Burnell's
+effigy
+in brass on
+the altar
+tomb.</span>
+
+
+family were in possession of this estate, which was forfeited by Lord
+Lovell, in consequence of his adherence to King Richard III. Henry
+VII. being seated on the throne, granted Acton Burnell, together with
+other estates in this county, to Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford; after
+whose death it reverted to the crown, and Henry VIII. granted it to
+Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, distinguished for his valour at the battle
+of Flodden. Sir Humphrey Lee, of Langley, in this parish, was created
+a baronet, May 3, 1620. Acton Burnell Park is now the residence of Sir
+Edward Joseph Smythe, Bart. whose family have been seated here from
+the time of Charles II., when Sir Edward Smythe, of Esh, in Durham,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The seat of
+Sir E.J.
+Smythe.</span>
+
+
+created a baronet, Feb. 23, 1660, married the daughter and heiress of Sir
+Richard Lee, Bart. of Langley. The mansion, on a verdant lawn,
+bordered by a shrubbery, presents a handsome elevation of fine white
+stone, having a noble Ionic portico, under which is the carriage entrance.
+Behind the house is the deer park, on a finely wooded eminence, affording
+one of the most beautiful prospects in the county. The chapelry of
+Ruckley and Langley is in this parish.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Acton Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Runcorn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>148</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Acton Iron</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Chip. Sodbu</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>1372</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Pigott</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Much Wenlo</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Reynold</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>173</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Round</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>203</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Acton Scott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton </td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bish. Castle</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>204</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Acton Trussell</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Penkridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>551</td>
+
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Acton Turville</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>236</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Adbaston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Hodnet</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>601</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Adderbury East</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Aynhoe</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>2471</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Adderley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>468</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Adderston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Beiford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>319</td><td align='right'>322</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Adforton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Presteign</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>218</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Addingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Aldstn Moor</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>719</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Addingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Keighley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>213</td><td align='right'>2251</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Addington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Westerham</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>463</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Addington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>74</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Addington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>206</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Addington, Gt</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kettering</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Higam Ferrers</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>282</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Addington, Lit</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>264</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Addisham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>390</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Addle[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>1063</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Addle-cum-Eccup</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>703</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Addlingfleet[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>2</td>
+<td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>478</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ADDINGTON is on the borders of Kent. Addington Place, a seat
+erected by Alderman Trecothick, in 1772, was purchased in 1807, for
+the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The manor of Addington
+is held by the feudal service of finding a man to make a mess, called
+Gerout, in the king's kitchen, at the coronation, and serving it up in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Coronation
+custom.</span>
+
+
+his own person at Westminster Hall. In the reign of William the
+Conqueror, Addington appears to have been held by Tezelin, cook to
+the king, which accounts for the origin of the required culinary service.
+The Archbishop of Canterbury is now the claimant of the service
+alluded to. Near the village is a curious cluster of tumuli, or mounds
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cluster of
+tumuli.</span>
+
+
+of earth raised over the bodies of the slain, about twenty-five in
+number, of inconsiderable height. One of them is nearly forty feet
+in diameter, two are about half that size, and the rest very small.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ADDLE. The church in this town is considered to be one of the
+most perfect specimens of Roman architecture remaining in England.
+In 1702, the traces of an ancient Roman town, with fragments of urns,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Roman
+architecture.</span>
+
+
+and of an aqueduct of stone were found in the adjacent moor.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ADDLINGFLEET. A parish and township in the lower division
+of Osgold Cross, including the townships of Fockerby, Haldenby, and
+Eastoft. The village is situated very near the junction of the
+Trent with the Humber, the latter river being one of the largest
+in the kingdom, formed by the united waters of the Trent, Ouse,
+Derwent, Aire, and other minor streams. At this part it is about a mile
+broad, it is the Abus of Ptolemy. It runs towards the east, washing the
+port of Hull, where it receives the river called by the same name;
+from thence, taking a south-easterly direction, it expands itself into
+<span class="sidenote">Boundary
+between
+Yorkshire
+and Lincolnshire.</span>
+an estuary nearly seven miles across, and mingles with the German
+ocean. This river, which, with very few exceptions, receives all the
+waters of Yorkshire from the Ouse, and the greater part of those from
+the midland counties from the Trent, commands the inland navigation of
+very extensive and commercial parts of England; namely, those of the
+Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Severn, Thames, and Avon; it also forms the
+boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Adlington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cheshire</td><td align='left'>Macclesfield </td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>1066</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Adlington[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>264</td><td align='right'>1082</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Addlethorpe</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='left'>Wainfleet</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>176</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Adlestrop</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>196</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Admarsh</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Kirkby Lon</td><td align='right'>15</td>
+<td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Adstock</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>445</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Adstone</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>166</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Advent</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Camelford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bodmin</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Launceston</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'>246</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Adwalton[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Adwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>48</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Adwick-on-Dearne</td><td align='right'>ch</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>145</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Adwick</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>918</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Aff-Piddle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>442</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Agden</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>104</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Agden</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>99</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Agelthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Masham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>226</td><td align='right'>188</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Agnes, St[C]</td><td align='right'>cha</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Redruth</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>256</td><td align='right'>6642</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ADLINGTON. Through this township runs the Leeds and Liverpool
+Canal. It contains several coal mines. Adlington Hall, the seat
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of Sir.
+Robert
+Clayton,
+Bart.</span>
+
+
+of Sir Robert Clayton, Bart., was rebuilt about 1780; it stands in a
+low situation, on the borders of an extensive park, and contains some
+very good pictures, amongst which is a head of Charles I., taken
+after death. Ellerbeck Hall is the seat of John Hodson, Esq. In
+this neighbourhood is Park Hall, the seat of R.P. German, Esq. The
+inhabitants of Adlington are chiefly employed in the cotton manufactories
+of the vicinity.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ADWALTON formerly possessed a market which is now disused.
+On Adwalton Moor, a battle was fought, in 1642, between
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Battle
+fought here
+in 1642.</span>
+
+
+the Earl of Newcastle, commanding for the king, and the parliamentary
+general, Lord Fairfax, in which the latter was defeated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, February 6, March 9, Easter Thursday, Thursday fortnight after Easter, Whit-Thursday;
+and every second Thursday thence to Michaelmas, for lean cattle; November
+5, and December 23.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[C] St. AGNES is situated on the Bristol Channel. The town and parish,
+including a considerable mining district, is thickly strewed with the
+cottages of the miners. It is more frequently called Lighthouse
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Very high
+and strong
+light-house.</span>
+
+
+Island, from a very high and strong light-house erected here, to warn
+the mariner from the rocks, which are more numerous about this than
+any other of the Scilly Islands. This building is upwards of sixty
+feet high, and stands on the most elevated ground. The light is produced
+by twenty-one parabolic reflectors of copper, plated with silver,
+and having each an argand lamp in its focus. The reflectors are
+disposed of in three clusters, of seven in each cluster, and the frame in
+which they are fixed stands perpendicularly to the horizon, on a shaft
+united to a machine below, which makes the whole revolve every two
+minutes. By this motion the light progressively sweeps the whole
+horizon; and by its gradual intermission and increase, it is readily
+distinguished from any other. Its brilliancy is also extraordinary; and
+by these combined efforts its benefits are greatly increased, as the
+seaman is at once rendered completely sensible of his situation. This
+light was designed by the ingenious Mr. Adam Walker, (lecturer on
+natural and experimental philosophy,) under whose inspection it was
+constructed. The light-house itself is of stone, and was erected, as
+appears from an inscription over the door, by Captain Hugh Till, and
+Captain Simon Bayley, in the year 1680. The charges attending the
+light are defrayed by the Trinity House. At St. Agnes is a pilchard
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">St. Agnes'
+beacon.</span>
+
+
+fishery. St. Agnes' Beacon, six hundred and sixty-four feet above
+the level of the sea, is formed out of an ancient cairn, or tumulus
+of stones; near which, a summer-house has been built, from whence
+is a fine view of St. Ives, and an extensive sea prospect. Near the same
+spot is St. Agnes' Well, of which many miraculous stories are in circulation,
+from its presumed holy and sanative properties.</p>
+
+<p>This place gave birth to John Opie, whose persevering genius
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birthplace
+of John
+Opie, the
+painter.</span>
+
+
+advanced him to the highest rank in his profession. He was born at
+Harmony Cot, in May 1761. The opening years of his existence
+indicated that he must plod through life in the dull occupation of a
+carpenter, as successor to his father and grandfather. He distinguished
+himself at a very early period, for originality and strength of mind,
+and at twelve years of age commenced an evening school in St. Agnes,
+teaching arithmetic and writing, and reckoning amongst his scholars
+some who had nearly doubled his years. His first humble attempts at
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">First attempts
+at
+portrait
+painting.</span>
+
+
+portrait painting were with a smutty stick, against the white-washed
+wall of his paternal cottage, where he exhibited, in <i>dark colours</i>, very
+striking likenesses of the whole family. His next step was to draw
+with ochre on cartridge paper. He was apprenticed to his father,
+but from some unascertainable cause was turned over to a sawyer;
+and it was literally in the bottom of a saw-pit that Dr. Walcot, better
+known by the appellation of Peter Pindar, (who had previously seen
+and admired some of Opie's rude drawings,) first beheld this untutored
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Genius fostered
+by Dr.
+Walcot.</span>
+
+
+child of genius, under whose patronage he was protected, and his fame
+promoted. After visiting Exeter, (where he was persuaded to change
+his surname, which originally was Hoppy, to that of Opie,) finding his
+success was commensurate with his abilities, it was soon determined
+they should be brought to act in a wider sphere; and, in 1780, the Doctor
+and his pupil repaired to London, where not agreeing as to the
+mode of living together, they separated, and although their attachment
+had been cemented by long-continued kindness, subsequently to
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Anecdotes
+of Opie.</span>
+
+
+this period, yet they were never after cordially united. The opinion Opie
+entertained of the services which he had received from the Doctor, may
+be gathered from the following curious <i>note of hand</i>, which was said to be
+in the possession of the latter: "I promise to paint, for Dr. Walcot, any
+picture or pictures, he may demand, as long as I live; otherwise, I
+desire the world will consider me as a ... ungrateful son of a ...,
+John Opie." It is not certain that he ever deviated from this voluntary
+obligation, but it is matter of pleasant remark, that he always made
+his friend pay eighteen-pence for the canvass! Opie was as fortunate in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Introduction
+to the
+King.</span>
+
+
+London as he had been at Exeter. To Pindar, however, he was
+indebted for his introduction to public notice. Through him his
+pictures were shown to Mrs. Boscawen, by whom Opie was introduced
+to the late Mrs. Delaney, who procured for him the notice of King
+George III. An opportunity was contrived for the royal family to see
+his picture of the <i>The Old Beggar Man</i>; soon after which, Opie was
+honoured with a command to repair to Buckingham House. The
+artist's account of this interview was given in the following characteristical
+manner to Walcot, who has often been heard to relate it
+with great humour. "There was Mr. West," said Opie, "in the room,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Opie's relation
+of his
+interview
+with
+royalty.</span>
+
+
+and another gentleman. First, her majesty came in; and I made a sad
+mistake in respect to her, till I saw her face, and discovered by her
+features that she was the queen. In a few minutes his majesty came
+hopping in. I suppose," said Opie, "because he did not wish to
+frighten me. He looked at the pictures and liked them; but he
+whispered to Mr. West&mdash;'tell the young man I can only pay a gentleman's
+
+<span class="sidenote">Royal economy.</span>
+
+price for them.'" The picture which his majesty bought was
+that of <i>A Man Struck by Lightning</i>. The price given was &pound;10,
+with which Opie returned to the Doctor full of spirits. His friend,
+when he heard the story, said, "Why, John, thou hast only got
+&pound;8. for thy picture." "Indeed, but I have though," cried Opie, "for
+I have got the &pound;10. safe in my pocket." On this he showed him the
+money. "Aye," rejoined the Doctor, "but dost thou know his majesty
+has got the frame for nothing, and that is worth &pound;2." "D&mdash;- it, so he
+has," cried Opie&mdash;"I'll go back and knock at the door, and ask for the
+frame; D&mdash;- it, I will." He was actually about to put his resolve into
+execution, till dissuaded by the Doctor. Popularity naturally followed
+this notice of royalty. The ladies, however, soon deserted him, as his
+likenesses were not flattering; for where Nature had been niggardly,
+Opie refused to be liberal. He afterwards became better acquainted
+with the art of pleasing them; a change which has been attributed
+to Mrs. Opie, who used to stand over him, and endeavour to make him
+sensible of the graces of the female form. It was in the year 1786,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">First
+known as
+an exhibitor at Somerset
+House,
+1786.</span>
+
+
+that Mr. Opie became known as an exhibitor at Somerset House; soon
+after which he aspired to academical honours, and ultimately attained
+the rank of Royal Academician, and afterwards succeeded Fuseli, in the
+professorship of painting. He was twice married, but at what period
+his first hymeneal union occurred we are not informed&mdash;it was inauspicious.
+His second marriage, which took place on May 8, 1798, was
+more fortunate; and in the society of the late Mrs. Opie, the
+amiable author of many beautiful and interesting literary compositions,
+he enjoyed a delightful relief from the toilsome duties of his profession.
+Mr. Opie was in the daily acquisition of wealth and fame, and rapidly
+advancing to the very zenith of popularity, when his mortal career
+was suddenly closed by death, on Thursday, April 9, 1807, in the
+
+<span class="sidenote">Died in 1807.</span>
+
+forty-sixth year of his age. "As a portrait painter he has great
+claims to praise, particularly in his men, which are firm, bold, and
+freely delineated, and occasionally well coloured. His women are
+heavy, inelegant, and chiefly accompanied with a hardness that destroys
+all beauty."</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aglionby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>302</td><td align='right'>107</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aighton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>1980</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aikber</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>234</td><td align='right'>43</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aike</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Gt. Driffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>86</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aikton</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Abbey-holm</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>309</td><td align='right'>753</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ailsby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincolnshire</td><td align='left'>Gt. Grimsby </td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Caistor </td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ailsworth</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Peterboro</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>289</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ainderby Myers</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Catterick</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ainderby Quernhow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Northallerton </td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>107</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ainderby Steeple</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td>
+<td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>802</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ainstable</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>295</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Ainstie</td><td align='right'>dis</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>...</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+<td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>...</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>8740</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aiskew</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Northallerton </td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>586</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Aismondersly</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Masham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ainsworth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>1584</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ainthorn</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='left'>Gretna Green</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>315</td><td align='right'>203</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aintree</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>247</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Airton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Arnecliff</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'>179</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Airyholme</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>16</td>
+<td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aisenby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>...</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aislaby</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Whitby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Scarboro</td><td align='right'>18</td>
+<td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>237</td><td align='right'>402</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Aislaby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='left'>Yarm</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>244</td><td align='right'>143</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aisthorpe</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro</td><td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='left'>Kirton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>89</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Akeld</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Coldstream</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Kirk Newton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>322</td><td align='right'>171</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Akeley</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='left'>Sto. Stratford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>291</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Akenham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>119</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Albans, St[A]</td><td align='right'>bo &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>12</td>
+<td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>4772</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] St. ALBANS is situated on the river Ver, or Muss, and consists of
+three parishes; parts of two of which, extend beyond the limits of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Originally
+the British
+metropolis.</span>
+
+
+borough. It is said to have been the site of the ancient British metropolis
+of Cassibelanus, and is very near that of the ancient Roman
+Verulam, mentioned by Tacitus, being the same as the Saxon Watlingceaster,
+so called because seated on the road called Watling-street.
+It was here that Queen Boadicea made her celebrated assault on the
+Romans, and failed, after an immense slaughter of seventy thousand men.
+In 795, Offa, king of Mercia, erected an abbey here, in memory of St.
+Alban, the British protomartyr, who was born here in the third century.
+He served in the Roman army, but was converted to Christianity
+by a monk, named Amphilabus, and suffered during the Dioclesian persecution,
+A.D. 303. The abbey subsequently obtained great privileges,
+and became very rich, the revenues at the dissolution amounting
+to upwards of &pound;2500. per annum. Monastic foundations had their origin
+in this country, about the time of St. Augustine, who came from Rome,
+to convert the Pagan Saxons to Christianity; and when Offa ascended
+the throne of Mercia, about twenty great monasteries had been founded
+in England, and about the same number of episcopal sees established.
+Offa's zeal prompted him to do what many of his crowned predecessors
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">King Offa's
+extraordinary
+vision,
+which induced
+him
+to build the
+abbey.</span>
+
+
+had done; but being undetermined whom to select as the patron saint
+of his establishment, it is recorded that, while at the city of Bath, an
+angel appeared to him in the silence of the night, desiring him to
+raise out of the earth the body of Alban, the first British martyr,
+and place his remains in a suitable shrine. Even the memory
+of Alban had been lost for three hundred and forty years; but
+the king assembling his clergy and people at Verulam, an active search
+was made for his body with prayer, fasting, and alms; when it is said a ray
+of light was seen by all to stand over the place of burial, similar to the
+star that conducted the magi to Bethlehem. The ground was therefore
+opened, and, in the presence of the king, the body of Alban was found.
+Offa is said to have placed a golden circle round the head of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">St. Alban's
+body found
+after a lapse
+of 494 years;
+a golden circle
+placed
+round his
+head.</span>
+
+
+deceased, with an inscription, to signify his name and title, and immediately
+caused the remains of the saint to be conveyed to a small chapel,
+without the walls of Verulam, as the town was then called, until a more
+noble edifice could be raised for its reception. This is said to have
+occurred on the 1st day of August, 791, four hundred and ninety-four
+years after the martyrdom of Alban. Offa afterwards made a journey to
+Rome, and obtained the desired privileges of his intended foundation,
+with great commendations for his zeal and piety, from the pope, when
+he undertook to build a stately church and monastery, to the memory of
+St. Alban. From this abbey the town originated, which early obtained
+considerable importance. The abbey church, which claims particular
+attention for its size, beauty, and antiquity, is constructed of Roman
+brick, to which age has given the appearance of stone. A stone screen,
+erected before the communion table, in 1461, is much admired for the
+richness and lightness of its sculpture. The tombs of the founder,
+Offa, and that of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, are shown here; and, not
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Duke of
+Gloucester's
+body
+found nearly
+entire.</span>
+
+
+many years ago, the leaden coffin, containing the body of the latter,
+was opened, and the corpse found nearly entire. The Roman antiquities
+discovered on the site have been very numerous. The effect of
+the venerable abbey, when seen from a distance, is extremely imposing;
+situated upon an eminence, its massive towers rise majestically
+above the houses of the ancient town, which is well, known to have
+derived its first importance from the Romans, since which, it has
+increased chiefly under the protecting influence of successive abbots
+of this rich and powerful monastery. The prospect of its mouldering
+ruins, forces upon the mind a melancholy train of reflection on the
+instability of all human institutions.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 25 and 26; October 10 and 11, for horses, cows,
+sheep, and hiring servants.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Angel, and White Hart.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.15 P.M.
+Departs 4.30 A.M.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Albourn</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Hurst</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='left'>Cuckfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>362</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Albrighton</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>1054</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Albrighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shiffnall</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgnorth</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='left'>Wolverhamp</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>98</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alburgh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Harleston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>586</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Albury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td align='left'>Wheatley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>239</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Albury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Bp Stortford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Standon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Buntingford </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>631 </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Albury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dorking</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>929</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>346</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>lib</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury </td><td align='right'>1 </td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='left'>Salisbury </td><td align='right'>20 </td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>227</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Alcester[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.&amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Stratford </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'>103 </td><td align='right'>2405</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Alciston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>266</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Alconbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kimbolton </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stilton</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>63 </td><td align='right'>765</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Alconbury Weston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>441</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>275</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Darlington </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Bernard Cas</td><td align='right'> 10 </td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>522</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aldborough</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hedon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>620</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aldborough[B]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>207</td><td align='right'>2447</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Aldbourn[C]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ramsbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>1418</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aldbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dunstable </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Berkhampst</td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>34 </td><td align='right'>695</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aldcliffe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Garstang </td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Kirk. Londs.  </td><td align='right'> 17 </td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>96</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aldeburgh[D]</td><td align='right'>m. t.</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Orford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Saxmundha </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Dunwich</td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>1341</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ALCESTER is situated at the confluence of the two small rivers,
+Alne and Arrow, having a bridge over each. It is supposed to have
+been a Roman station; Roman coins, urns, and similar relics,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A Roman
+station.</span>
+
+
+having been frequently found here. The Roman way of Icknield Street
+also passed through it, and from its situation it is deemed the Alana
+of Richard of Cirencester. It was anciently a borough by prescription,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Many relics
+of antiquity
+found.</span>
+
+
+and of some note in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
+when it became the property of the Beauchamps, and afterwards
+of the Grevilles. The church is a fine gothic structure; the market
+is well supplied with corn; and the manufacture of needles is very
+extensive. Here is a Free School, founded by Walter Newport,
+in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and various alms-houses and small
+charities, originating in different benefactors. Traces of the site of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Traces of an
+abbey
+founded by
+King
+Stephen.</span>
+
+
+an abbey, founded in the reign of King Stephen, to the north of the
+town, are still visible.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 9&frac12; A.M., departs 8&frac12; P.M.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Angel.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March
+20, June 23, Tuesday before April 5, May 18, 2nd Tuesday in July, for cheese.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[B] ALDBOROUGH. <i>Fair</i>, September 4.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ALDBOURN. <i>Market</i>, Tuesday.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[D] ALDEBURGH is pleasantly situated in the valley of Slaughton, and
+bounded on the eastern side by the sea, which has made considerable
+encroachments, and nearly washed a street away. The river Ald runs
+on the south side, and forms a convenient quay. The town is mean in
+construction, and chiefly inhabited by fishermen and seafaring people.
+Soles, lobsters, and other fish are abundant. It is remarkable as the
+birth-place of the late Rev. George Crabbe, emphatically styled
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birth place
+of the Rev.
+George
+Crabbe, the
+poet. Biographical
+sketch of
+his life.</span>
+
+
+the <i>Poet of the Poor</i>, who was born December 24, 1754. His
+father was an officer in the Customs, and at first gave him an education,
+merely suitable to follow the same pursuit; but when his prospects
+brightened, he removed his son to a classical seminary, where he
+was instructed for a surgeon and apothecary, to which profession
+he was in due time apprenticed, but relinquished all views of establishing
+himself in practice. At a very early period he became a
+versifier; and among his precocious attempts was a prize poem, on
+<i>Hope</i>, which was inserted in the <i>Lady's Magazine</i>, then published by
+Mr. Wheeble. Crabbe came to London, in 1778, with &pound;3. in his
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Crabbe's
+arrival in
+London, 1778.</span>
+
+
+pocket, and made versification his chief study. His first published
+work was <i>The Candidate</i>, a poem, in quarto, which came into the
+world anonymously, in 1780, and was favourably received. A short
+time afterwards, his poverty and poetry induced him to seek the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His first
+published
+work well
+received.</span>
+
+
+patronage of Edmund Burke, to whom he submitted a large quantity of
+miscellaneous composition; he had no introduction to Mr. Burke,
+excepting his own letter, stating his circumstances; no recommendation
+but his distress, and yet his application was attended with success. His
+patron introduced him to some of the first men in the country, and soon
+after became the means of benefiting his fame and fortune; he selected
+from young Crabbe's works, <i>The Library</i> and <i>The Village</i>, suggesting
+at the same time certain corrections and improvements. Among the
+eminent persons to whom he was thus introduced, was the Right Hon.
+Charles James Fox, Sir Joshua Reynolds, at whose mansion he first
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Crabbe's
+introduction
+to eminent
+persons.</span>
+
+
+beheld, and was made known to, Dr. Johnson, who gave the young
+poet his opinion of <i>The Village</i>. Mr. Burke having directed Mr.
+Crabbe's views to the church, in 1781 he was ordained a deacon by the
+Bishop of Norwich, and priest by the same dignitary in the following
+year; he was next appointed domestic chaplain to the Duke of Rutland
+at Belvoir Castle. As Mr. Crabbe had not received a university education,
+he was offered a degree by Trinity College, Cambridge, but
+eventually received the grant from the Archbishop of Canterbury,
+at Lambeth, and thus became a Bachelor of Laws. Burke also
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Promoted to
+the church.</span>
+
+
+introduced Mr. Crabbe to Lord Chancellor Thurlow, who presented
+him to rectories in Dorset and Lincoln consecutively. He had previously
+a curacy at Strathorn, a village near Belvoir Castle, where he married
+and became a father; he was universally respected for his talents and
+virtues, and died at Trowbridge, at seven o'clock in the morning of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Died at
+Trowbridge
+1132.</span>
+
+
+the 8th of February, 1832. The publications of Mr. Crabbe have placed
+him high on the roll of British Poets.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 1, and May 3, for toys.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+White Lion.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives at 9&frac12; A.M. departs 5&frac12; P.M.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aldeby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>530</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aldenham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Elstree</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>1494</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alderbury</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Downton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Farley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>1323</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alderford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>40</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alderley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Wickwar</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wooton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>200</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alderley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Macclesfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>1338</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aldermaston[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>636</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Alderminster</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Stratford-Av.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Shipston-Sto.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>454</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Malmsbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Winchcomb</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>330</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northampton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Sto. Stratford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Alderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Orford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>575</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aldersey</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>138</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Aldershott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Odiham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>424</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aldford</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>710</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aldfield</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>133</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Aldham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Coggeshall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Neyland</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>407</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aldham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Hadley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stow-Market</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Aldingbourn</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>833</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aldingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ulverstone</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dalton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>884</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Aldington[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Hythe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>New Romney</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>732</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] ALDERMASTON. <i>Fairs</i>, May 6, July 7, for horses and cattle, and October 11, for
+pedlery.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ALDINGTON. Elizabeth Barton, commonly called the Holy
+Maid of Kent, a religious impostor, lived in the reign of Henry
+VIII. She was a servant at Aldington, and having been for a long
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The History
+of the Holy
+Maid of
+Kent.</span>
+
+
+time afflicted with convulsions, which distorted her limbs and countenance,
+and threw her body into the most violent agitations, acquired a
+power of counterfeiting the same appearances whenever she pleased.
+Richard Master, who then held this living, with other ecclesiastics,
+thinking her a proper instrument for their purpose, induced her to
+pretend that all she said and did, was by a supernatural impulse, and
+taught her to act her part in the most perfect manner. Thus she pretended
+to be honoured with visions; to hear heavenly voices and most
+ravishing melody; she declaimed against the wickedness of the times,
+against heresy and innovations; exhorting all persons to frequent the
+church, to hear masses, to make frequent confessions, and to pray
+to our lady, and all saints. This artful management, with her apparent
+piety, virtue, and austerity of life, completely deceived even Sir
+Thomas More, Bishop Fisher, and Archbishop Warham, the last of which
+appointed commissioners to examine her, to whom she was instructed
+to say, in her counterfeit trances, that she should never recover till she
+went to visit the image of the Virgin Mary, in a chapel dedicated to her
+in this parish, which was done. After that she pretended that she was
+called to be a nun, and the Archbishop being fully satisfied with the
+reports, had her placed in the nunnery of St. Sepulchre, Canterbury,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Holy Maid
+of Kent.</span>
+
+
+where she alleged she had visions and revelations of a divine nature,
+so as to completely impose upon the public. The main object of the priests,
+her managers, was directed publicly to announce how God had revealed
+to her, "that in case the king should divorce Queen Catherine of Anjou,
+and take another wife during her life, his royalty would not be of a
+month's duration, but that he should die the death of a villain," which
+created considerable excitement, and much controversy: encouraged
+by the lenity of the government, the ecclesiastics in this conspiracy,
+resolved to publish the revelations of the nun throughout the kingdom.
+They had communicated them to the Pope's Ambassadors, and
+exhorted Queen Catherine to persist in her resolutions. At length this
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The imposture
+detected.</span>
+
+
+confederacy became a serious affair, and Henry ordered the maid and
+her accomplices to be examined in the Star Chamber, where they confessed
+all the particulars of the imposture; and afterwards, upon a
+scaffold erected at Paul's Cross, were compelled to hear their confession
+publicly read; they were confined in the Tower until the meeting of parliament,
+by whom the whole affair was pronounced to be a conspiracy
+against the king's life, and crown. The nun, and her confederates, were
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Herself and
+confederates
+executed
+at
+Tyburn.</span>
+
+
+eventually attainted of high treason, and executed at Tyburn, April
+20th, 1534, where she confessed the imposture, laying the blame
+on her accomplices, the priests; craving pardon of God, and the King.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Aldington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>104</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Aldridge</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Walsall</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sut. Coldfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lichfleld</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>1804</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aldringham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Aldeburgh</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Saxmundha</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dunwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>362</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Aldrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Worthing</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>615</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aldstone Moor[A]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>272</td><td align='right'>6858</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aldsworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>353</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Aldwark</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Aldwark</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N. R York</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Knaresboro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'>190</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aldwarke</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W. R York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aldwinckle-all Saints </td><td align='right'>p </td><td align='left'> Northamp</td><td align='left'>Thrapston </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Kettering </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Oundle </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'>76 </td><td align='right'>247</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aldwinckle-St Peter</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>171</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aldsworth[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>East Ilsley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ALDSTONE MOOR, in Leath Ward, is situated on the borders of
+Northumberland, in the most picturesque and romantic part of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Picturesque
+and Romantic
+scenery.</span>
+
+
+county. The town itself stands upon a hill, at the bottom of which
+runs the river Tyne. The immediate vicinity abounds in lead-mines,
+on estates which once belonged to the Derwentwater family. On the
+attainder of the last earl, they were granted in aid of the support of
+Greenwich Hospital, from the trustees of which national institution, the
+mines are at present leased. Satin spar is found in this parish; there
+is also a pool on Gildersdale Fell, the slime of which is used for painting
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The slime
+of a pool
+use for
+painting
+yellow.</span>
+
+
+yellow. About three miles from the town, are the earthworks of
+Whitley castle, where relics of antiquity have frequently been
+discovered.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, last Thursday in May, 1st Thursday in September, for
+cattle, horses, linen and woollen cloth.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ALDWORTH is pleasantly situated on a hill: here was anciently
+a mansion belonging to the family of De La Beche, the site of which is
+now Beach Farm. In the churchyard is a remarkable yew-tree, the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Remarkable
+yew-tree,
+nine yards
+round.</span>
+
+
+trunk measuring nine yards in circumference, at upwards of four feet
+from the ground. The church is celebrated for its very ancient monuments,
+nine in number, disposed in enriched arches on each side, and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Church
+celebrated
+for ancient
+monuments.</span>
+
+
+in the centre of the interior; these are supposed to belong to the
+De La Beche family, and from the costume of the figures upon the
+tombs, may be referred to the fourteenth century; six of them are
+knights in armour; two are females, and one in the common habit
+of the time; some of the knights are represented lying cross-legged;
+these had vowed, or accompanied a crusade; the workmanship is
+excellent, and the attitude and expression of each of the figures that
+remain perfect, are exceedingly graceful, but several of the monuments
+are now considerably mutilated. The font is very ancient, and
+remarkably plain, but very capacious, and somewhat singular in its
+form.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Alemouth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Lesbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>415</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Alesworth</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Deeping</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Peterborough</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>87</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Alfold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Haslemere</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>514</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>1784</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Shepton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Castle Cary</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>137</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alfreton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>5691</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Alfrick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromvard</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Gt. Malvern</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>493</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Alfriston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Newhaven</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>694</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Algarkirk</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Fosdyke Br.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Boston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Donnington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>651</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Alkerton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>192</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Alkham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Folkestone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>542</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alkington</td><td align='right'>ti &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Old Passage</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Berkeley</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Dursley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>1167</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alkmonton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>79</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Alkrington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Oldham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>367</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alcannings</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>811</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Allendale</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Aldsto. Moor</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>273</td><td align='right'>5540</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Allen-Head</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Allendale</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>268</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Allen, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>St. Michael</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>252</td><td align='right'>637</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Allensmore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Thruxton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>592</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Allenton</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>310</td><td align='right'>822</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Aller</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allerby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Cockermout</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Holm</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>313</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Allerston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>220</td><td align='right'>385</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Allerthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Pocklington </td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>212 </td><td align='right'>185</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Allerthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Northallerton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>218</td><td align='right'>167</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Allerton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'>374</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Allerton Chapel</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>132</td><td align='right'>313</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton Chapel</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Halifax</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>1730</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Keighly</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>1733</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton Bywater</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>375</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Allerton Mauleverer[B]</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Knaresboro</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ALFRETON, is situated about two miles from the commencement
+of the moors, which extend so widely in this county. The town is
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Built by
+King
+Alfred.</span>
+
+
+supposed to have been built by King Alfred, and to derive its name
+from him. The spot is shown where the house stood in which he
+lived. The inhabitants are principally employed in a stocking manufactory,
+and in the neighbouring collieries. Earthenware is also made in
+this place, and the Monday market, for corn, is considerable. In
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">700 Roman
+coins found
+here.</span>
+
+
+Greenhill Lane, near this town, seven hundred Roman coins, were discovered
+by a labourer employed in repairing a fence.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Monday and Friday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 2&frac14; P.M., departs 9&frac14; A.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, horses
+and cattle, October 8, and November 22, statute.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Angel, and George.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ALLERTON MAULEVERER, is situated in a very beautiful part
+of Yorkshire. The park now in the possession of <i>Lord Stourton</i>, consists
+of about four hundred acres, in which is a superb mansion; the land is
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Extensive
+park and
+mansion.</span>
+
+
+very rich, and charmingly diversified by a variety of hills, dales, and
+groves, which are considerably enlivened, and receive much additional
+beauty, from a very fine expanse of water. An octagonal tower has
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Picturesque
+tower.</span>
+
+
+been built on a lofty hill, finely shaded with trees; it consists of two
+rooms, and is approached by a double flight of steps, each of which,
+as well as the terrace around the building, are protected by iron
+palisades. From this commanding situation, all the various beauties of
+the park are seen to the greatest advantage, and many extensive and
+diversified prospects are enjoyed. Here was a priory of Benedictine
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Here was a
+Priory of
+Benedictine
+monks.</span>
+
+
+monks, founded by Richard Mauleverer, in the reign of Henry II.,
+which was dissolved about three centuries afterwards by King Henry VI.
+The manor was the seat of the Mauleverer family for more than five
+hundred years, when Sir Richard, the last heir, who died unmarried,
+left the estate by will to his mother, who, afterwards by marriage,
+conveyed it to the Arundel family, and from them it became the property
+of the Honourable, William Monkton Arundel, Viscount Galway,
+whose son, the late Lord Galway, sold it in the year 1786, to the late
+Duke of York, who afterwards occasionally resided in the park, with
+George IV., then Prince of Wales. The estate, comprising four thousand
+five hundred and twenty-five acres, was sold by the Royal Duke to
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sale of the
+estate by the
+late Duke of
+York, for
+&pound;110,000.</span>
+
+
+Colonel Thornton, for &pound;110,000; and was, in 1805, resold by that
+gentleman to the late Lord Stourton, father of the present proprietor.
+The mansion stands on a gentle elevation; it was erected by his Royal
+Highness the Duke of York, and has since been considerably improved.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Allesley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>875</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Allestrey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Alfreton</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>501</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Allexton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>M. Harboro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>68</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allhallows</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Market Ireby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Allonby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>308</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Allhallows</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sheerness</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Queenboro</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>263</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Lyme Regis</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>1300</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Allington[A] </td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>32 </td><td align='right'>37</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ALLINGTON. Situated in the hundred of Larkefield, in the
+lathe of Aylesford, near the river Medway. <span class="smcap">Allington Castle</span> was
+originally built in the Saxon times, by a noble family denominated
+
+<span class="sidenote">The castle.</span>
+
+<i>Columbary</i>, but was razed afterwards by the Danes. The manor was
+given after the conquest to Bishop Odo, (in whose time there was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Mansion
+given to
+Bishop Odo.</span>
+
+
+a <i>church</i> at Allington,) and on his disgrace, to the great Earl Warrenne,
+who is stated to have had the castle rebuilt, which, however, seems
+to be doubtful, as the famous Sir Stephen Penchester, constable of
+Dover Castle, in the reign of Edward I., and then owner of this manor,
+had a license to fortify, and embattle, his mansion-house here. It
+passed afterwards to the <i>Cobham</i> family; and from them to the <i>Brents</i>,
+by whom it was alienated to Sir Henry Wyatt, a descendant from
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir Henry
+Wyatt deprived
+of seventeen
+manors and
+his liberty,
+for treason.</span>
+
+
+a worthy Yorkshire family; who, besides losing seventeen manors, was
+deprived of his liberty for engaging in the plot against Richard III. in
+favour of the Earl of Richmond; but when success had crowned the
+attempts of the latter, he was released by the new king, knighted,
+made banneret, a knight of the bath, and a privy counsellor. He
+made this castle his residence; and here was born his accomplished
+son and successor, Sir Thomas Wyatt. This gentleman who was equally
+renowned, as a scholar, a soldier, and a statesman, (in consequence
+of which he was considered to be "the delight of the muses and
+mankind") made this a "fair seat," and was visited here by Henry VIII.,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir Thomas
+Wyatt, was an accomplished
+scholar,
+soldier and
+statesman.</span>
+
+
+(as his father Sir Henry had also been,) with whom he was a great
+favourite; though he appears in some degree to have unintentionally
+excited his jealousy, through the admiration which his accomplishments
+had raised in the breast of the fascinating Anne Boleyn. He died
+in his thirty-eighth year, at Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, of a violent
+fever. His son Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger, being deprived of
+his estates and life, for treason against Queen Mary, this castle and
+manor became vested in the crown, and were granted, on lease by
+Elizabeth, to John Astley Esq., master of her jewels, in her eleventh
+year. His son, Sir John Astley, afterwards had the whole granted to him
+by the queen's letters patent, dated in her twenty-sixth year, and from
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Parish consists
+of one
+house, a
+church, and
+a cottage.</span>
+
+
+his family it was transferred to that of Lord Romney, and is now the
+property of the present earl. The remains of the castle are particularly
+curious and interesting, but give the idea rather of a fortified dwelling,
+than of a place of strength. The moat still exists, as does the
+entrance gateway, which was erected by the Cobhams. Besides the
+castle and parsonage, (a mere cottage,) there is only one house in this
+parish; though Sir Stephen de Penchester is recorded to have procured
+a grant of a market weekly, and a three days annual fair for his manor
+of Allington.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>80</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Malmsbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Allington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Allington, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Kingsbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dartmouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>677</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Allington, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Modbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Plymouth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>207</td><td align='right'>872</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Allington, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>M. Mowbray </td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='right'>115 </td><td align='right'>357</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Allithwaite, Upper</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Cartmel</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hawkeshead</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ulverstone </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>255 </td><td align='right'>759</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Allithwaite, Lower</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>..by Ferry </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>257 </td><td align='right'>838</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allonby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Cockermouth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbey-Holm </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>315 </td><td align='right'>783 </td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Allostock</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>168</td><td align='right'>448</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>All Saints, St. Elm</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Halesworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Harleston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>439</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Almeley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Weobly</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leominster </td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>150 </td><td align='right'>670</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Almer, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wimborne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Almington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>158 </td><td align='right'>340</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Almington &amp; Delph</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Coleshill </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>112 </td><td align='right'>264 </td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Almodington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Selsea-Bill </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Almondbury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>30606</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Almondsbury</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Old Pas. Hou.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>1408</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Almsford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Castle Cary</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Bruton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>114 </td><td align='right'>304</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Alne</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>1967</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Alne, Great</td><td align='right'>chap &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Henley-Arden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Alnham</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>278</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Alnwick[B]</td><td align='right'>m. t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>308 </td><td align='right'>6788 </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper
+division of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Grammar
+school founded by
+James I.</span>
+
+
+founded by patent from James I. and endowed with about &pound;120 per
+annum. This place is noted for its extensive woollen manufactories.
+It was anciently called Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces
+of an ancient castle, on an eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed,
+by some antiquarians, to have been the Campodonum of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+castle.Campodonum of the
+Romans.</span>
+
+
+Romans, and subsequently a royal seat of some of the Saxon kings.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and
+usually regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the
+southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern division
+of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities of a
+hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was erected
+by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest
+on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down
+the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns
+surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or
+clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An abbey
+of monks,
+founded in
+1147.</span>
+
+
+was founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It
+was pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site
+of which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington,
+after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and
+also of the Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke
+of Northumberland. A fine gate house still remains, on which the
+Percy arms is visible. This town has a spacious market place,
+and a considerable town hall, in which the sessions and county
+courts are held. It is paved, watched, and lighted, under an act passed
+in 1821. Although the county town, the assizes are held at Newcastle.
+Alnwick Castle has been for many centuries a fortress of great
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Fortress of
+great
+strength.</span>
+
+
+strength, and the family mansion of the Percys'; it stands on an eminence
+on the south side of the Alne, opposite to the town, and commands a
+beautiful view of the country. The walls are flanked with sixteen
+gothic towers, the battlements of which, are ornamented with figures of
+ancient warriors: it is very celebrated in border history, and was peculiarly
+fatal to the kings of Scotland, of whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The fall of
+Malcolm II.
+and his son
+Edward.</span>
+
+
+fell before it; and William, surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner.
+The castle has lately undergone a complete repair; great attention
+having been paid to the restoration of the gothic ornaments in their
+original style. The chapel has been rendered extremely beautiful, by
+the introduction of a ceiling, in imitation of the celebrated one of
+King's College, Cambridge. There is also a handsome window, on the
+model of one at York Minster, and the walls are painted in the manner
+of those of the cathedral of Milan. The tenants of the estate at
+Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument to the memory of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Monument
+to the memory
+of the
+late Duke of
+Northumberland.</span>
+
+
+the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and was
+buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called,
+stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern
+entrance to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen
+in every direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be
+ascended easily by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an
+immemorial custom continued here on the proclamation of the several
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+customs in
+Alnwick.</span>
+
+
+fairs; divers adjacent townships, which are free of toll in the borough,
+by this service, send their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the
+eve of the fair, when he makes proclamation; after which they keep
+watch all night in every part of the town, and this is the most
+perfect remains of watch and ward retained in any part of this
+country. It is said that King John, having endured considerable inconvenience
+from the miry state of the roads, in humorous revenge, directed
+that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick, should be made in the following
+manner, which is still observed.&mdash;On St. Mark's day, those who
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Making
+freemen at
+Alnwick
+through a
+muddy pool.</span>
+
+
+are to be made free, assemble in the market place, dressed in white,
+with white caps, and a sword by their side. They proceed on horseback
+from this place to the town moor, headed by the four chamberlains,
+attired in the same manner, where they alight and rush through a
+muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change their soiled
+garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school, supported
+by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor charities.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday,&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 6&frac14; A.M., departs 5&frac12; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Palm Sunday eve,
+for shoes, hats, &amp;c.; May 12th, horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen
+and woollen cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle; and
+Saturday before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and woollens.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Ridley and Co.,
+draw on Glynn and Co.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, White Swan.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Alphamstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>277</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Alphaston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lavenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>309</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Alphington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Topsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chudleigh</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>1236</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Alpington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Loddon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hempnell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>197</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alpraham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>418</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>St. Osyth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Manningtre</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alresford, New[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>1437</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of
+Alton: seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source.
+It was anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Formerly a
+populous
+place.</span>
+
+
+of the river, having at one time extended from Southampton
+to this town; whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is
+divided into two parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the
+mother church. The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament,
+is governed by a bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are
+held here. There is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but
+generally speaking, the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Tichbourne
+Hall, seat
+of Sir H.
+Tichbourne.</span>
+
+
+Hall, about two miles distant, the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there
+has been bestowed annually, on Lady Day, from the reign of Henry II.
+a gift to every applicant of twopence in bread or money; of which
+bounty, in some years, no less than seventeen hundred persons have
+partaken.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 3&frac12; A.M. departs 11&frac12; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, last Thursday
+in July, and October 17, sheep, &amp;c.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Knapp &amp; Co. draw on Barclay &amp; Co.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+Swan.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alresford, Old</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>459</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alrewas</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>1607</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alewas Hayes</td><td align='right'>dis</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>77</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alsager</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>446</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alsop-le-Dale</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Longnor</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>61</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Alston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>1030</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Alstone</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>101 </td><td align='right'>78</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alstonefield</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Longnor</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>5169</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Altcar</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'>505</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Alternon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Launceston </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Camelford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bodmin</td><td align='right'>16 </td><td align='right'>222 </td><td align='right'>1069</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Altham</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>413</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Althorne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Southminster </td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>42 </td><td align='right'>352</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Althorp</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Glandford Br </td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'>165 </td><td align='right'>981</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Althorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>N. Walsingh.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Altmawr</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Aberedwy</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Altofts</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>502</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alton[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Basingstok e</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>2742</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alton Barnes</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pewsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>138</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Alton Pancras</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cerne-Abbas</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>210</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alton Priors</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Marlboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pewsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Altringham[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>2708</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town,
+consisting of three streets, of which the principal contains some handsome
+houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the magistracy,
+and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district
+around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Celebrated
+for hops,
+and manufactures
+in serges and
+other worsted
+fabrics.</span>
+
+
+possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics,
+which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller,
+in December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord
+Hopton, who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by
+Colonel Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Church converted to a fortress.</span>
+
+
+the doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel
+himself, refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated
+men to whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de
+Alton, a Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and
+wrote on the universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin.
+John Pitts, the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and
+died in 1616; and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746,
+and died in 1799.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 2 A.M. departs 12&frac34; A.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Saturday before
+May, sheep and lambs, September 29, cattle and toys.&mdash;Commercial Banking Company,
+draw on Williams, and Co.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Swan.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of
+Bowden, and hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater's
+canal passes from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Yarn, cotton,
+and worsted
+manufactories</span>
+
+
+possesses several factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the
+vicinity supplies the markets of Manchester well with fruit and
+vegetables. This town was anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham
+Massey, one of whom granted to it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth
+century.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 4&frac12; A.M., departs 9&frac12; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 29,
+August 5, November 22, for cattle and drapery.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Bowling Green and Unicorn.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alvanley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>188</td><td align='right'>341</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Alvaston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>46</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alvaston</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>364</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Alvechurch[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Redditch</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>1548</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Alvediston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>239</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Alvely</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Cleobury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>836</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Alverdiscott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bideford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>334</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Alverstoke</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Gosport</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Tichfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fareham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>12637</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Alverthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Dewsbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>4859</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Alverton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Notts</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Southwell</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>16</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Alvescott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Whitney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>361</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alveston[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>New Pas</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>800</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Alveston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>650</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Alveton</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Uttaxeter</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>2391</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Alvingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>292</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Alvington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Blakeney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coleford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>281</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Alwalton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hunts</td><td align='left'>Peterboro</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stilton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>294</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Alwington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bideford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>206</td><td align='right'>486</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Alwoodley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ottley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>142</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Amberly</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>135</td><td align='right'>25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Amberly</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Petworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Worthing</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>637</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ambersham, North</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Midhurst</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Haslemere</td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>49 </td><td align='right'>121</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ambersham, South</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>183</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Amble</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Felton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>301</td><td align='right'>247</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Amblecoat</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge </td><td align='right'>1 </td><td align='left'>Dudley </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Wolverhamp </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>122 </td><td align='right'>1157</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Ambleside[C]</td><td align='right'>mt &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Helvelyn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Winanderm</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>1095</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred
+of Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen
+annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Church of
+Anglo Norman
+architecture.</span>
+
+
+structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It
+however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded
+here by Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the
+county formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of
+England, in the reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a
+circumstantial account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop
+Latimer put it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have
+been merely a timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop
+since the restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled
+down, when the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow,
+which rises in the Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dilapidations
+of time.</span>
+
+
+Beoley Park, and Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also passes
+it. This town formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen
+into decay, it however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal,
+which passes it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's
+Norton.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Two Roman
+camps.</span>
+
+
+camps; the one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the
+other called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity
+have been discovered.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity
+of the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through
+the town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Site of the
+Roman
+Dictus.</span>
+
+
+It is scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic
+beauties of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in
+England, is to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory
+of woollen cloth.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for horned cattle
+October 29, ditto and sheep&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 9&frac12; A.M., departs 7 A.M.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Ambleston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Haverfrd.W.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Fishguard</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>266</td><td align='right'>574</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ambrosden</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>914</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Amcotts</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glandford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Amersham[A]</td><td align='right'>bo. m. t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Chesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Beaconsfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>2612</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Amesbury[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stone-Henge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>544</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a
+branch of the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between
+two wooded hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge
+to Wendover; it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from
+Chesham to High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church.
+The market is held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir
+William Drake, about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Town Hall,
+built by Sir
+W. Drake,
+1680.</span>
+
+
+and arches, with a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in
+the county. Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but
+by the Reform Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively
+repaired in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the
+family of the Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a
+monument of Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638;
+and also several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the
+adjoining mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by
+<i>Sheemaker</i>, and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere.
+About a mile northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat
+of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Shardeloes
+park.</span>
+
+
+possession of the Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress,
+and brought Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat
+of William Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Entertainment of Queen Elizabeth.</span>
+
+
+one of her progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey,
+who was one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married
+Jane, the daughter and heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion
+is beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense
+sheet of water, covering thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful
+prospect, particularly towards the east, where the town of Amersham,
+and the surrounding eminences, covered with wood, present a very
+picturesque appearance. The gardens, formerly much admired for
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Picturesque
+views.</span>
+
+
+their beauty, were originally formed by Sir William Drake, about 1666,
+but have been modernized by Richmond, for the late proprietor. Here
+is also a Free Grammar School, the scholars of which are entitled to
+three exhibitions in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, bequeathed by
+Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in 1620; and likewise four alms
+houses, with other minor charities. The manufactures are chiefly lace,
+sacking, and all kinds of white cotton, wrought by machinery; and the
+markets are well attended.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and September 19, for
+cattle, and statute.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Crown and Griffin.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 7 A.M., departs 9&frac14; P.M.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and
+is said to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the
+British Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Founded by
+the British
+Prince Ambrosius.</span>
+
+
+into a convent of Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still
+to be seen. In the parish, and about two miles from the town, is the
+celebrated British monument, known by the name of Stone-henge.
+Antiquaries differ in their opinions as to the probable application of
+this structure; the majority, however, deem it to have been a druidical
+
+<span class="sidenote">Stone-henge.</span>
+
+temple, or a grand tribunal of justice. Out of twenty-four enormous
+stones, of which the outer circular range appears to have been formed,
+seventeen are still standing, and seven on the ground; of the inner
+circle, eleven out of the nineteen of which it was formed are still upright,
+and the remainder prostrate. The distance of the inner circle from the
+outer one is about eight feet, forming a walk between the two of about
+three hundred feet in circumference; the stones are from eighteen to
+twenty feet high, from six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick,
+and there is an appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a
+trench, over which were three passages. There are numerous barrows and
+tumuli around it, where many skeletons and military weapons have been
+discovered. Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which
+such solid masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a
+situation without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a
+hill; even at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a
+nearer approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its
+contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Its awful
+appearance.</span>
+
+
+ruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the pen
+adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by piece-meal&mdash;here
+a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the greatness of every
+part, and the singular construction of the whole, causes additional surprise.
+Some authors suppose that this noble temple does not owe its defacement
+so much to the introduction of Christianity, as to the rude and barbarous
+hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who have carried away the stones
+for their own purposes. At a house which occupies part of the ancient nunnery,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Nunnery of
+St. Augustine.</span>
+
+
+a society of nuns of St. Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up
+their abode, probably attracted by the supposed sanctity of the situation.
+Near the town stands the once celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury,
+built by Inigo Jones, and subsequently improved by the Earl of
+Burlington. The neighbourhood abounds with clay used for making
+tobacco pipes, and the river Avon supplies a very much admired species of
+fish called loach. In the vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Camp of 39
+acres.</span>
+
+
+of a triangular area of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and
+bounded on two sides by the Avon. This may have been occupied by the
+Romans, but its construction and position indicate a British origin.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 11 P.M., departs 4 A.M.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, May 17, June 22, December
+18, for horses, sheep, and horned cattle.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, George.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Almwich[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Anglesey</td><td align='left'>Beaumaris</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Llanerch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>261</td><td align='right'>6285</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Amotherby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>221</td><td align='right'>246</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney Cruci</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lechlade</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>87</td><td align='right'>599</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the
+hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of
+Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a
+rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a considerable
+town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very rude;
+it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes which
+issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">From this
+place the
+Romans
+obtained
+copper ore.</span>
+
+
+from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their operations,
+are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not, however,
+discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas Bayley,
+afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev. Edward
+Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The substance of
+the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual way, by
+shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. "Nature," Mr. Pennant observes,
+"hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on this spot,
+for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of a yard
+beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from one to
+four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six hundred to a
+thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of the metal
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lead ore
+which yields
+silver also.</span>
+
+
+yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with the earth are
+frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar; whether these are
+symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores, or of quick-silver, I
+will not pretend to decide. Something interferes with the successful smelting
+of this earth in the great, insomuch that it has not yet been of that profit
+to the adventurers, which might reasonably be expected from the crucible
+assays of it." From this mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the
+syrup of violets red, without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Various
+minerals.</span>
+
+
+mineral substances found from time to time would prove a tedious employment,
+and perhaps an unimportant one. The following are the principal
+and most useful:&mdash;1. Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper,
+in small quantities; 3. Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution;
+4. Sulphate of lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black
+ore, containing copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native
+sulphur. Not far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The port, a
+chasm between
+the rocks.</span>
+
+
+from the mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between
+two rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons.
+The two companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden,
+besides sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper
+mines are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer
+copper ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur,
+ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper companies,
+this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make it difficult
+and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high northerly winds.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, November 12.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney Down[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cricklade</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney, St. Mary,}<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or Ashbrook }</td><td align='right'>pa </td><td align='left'>Ditto</td><td align='left'>Cirencester </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Fairford </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Bibury</td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>115</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ampney, St. Peter</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Ditto</td><td align='left'>Cirencester </td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Cricklade</td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>180</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ampleforth</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>623</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Amport</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ludgershall</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>731</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ampthill [B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Toddington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>1688</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is
+said to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The church
+built by the
+Knights
+Templars.</span>
+
+
+Under the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir Nicholas
+de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an
+arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with
+his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the hilt of
+his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St. George,
+charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue stone; that of
+the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the effigies of the
+knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon character. An ancient mansion,
+built by the family of the Hungerfords, in the reign of Henry the
+Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its exterior, a few years ago.
+It belongs, with the manor, to the family of Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county.
+Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump; and
+also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of Catherine
+of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then proprietor of
+Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that ill-treated Queen.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Under a
+pear-tree in
+Ampthill
+park Sir
+Philip
+Sydney
+wrote part of
+his Arcadia.</span>
+
+
+This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now the seat of Lord Holland;
+it was constituted a royal domain by Henry VIII., who conferred a
+name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of Ampthill;" the old castle in
+which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a more elevated ground than the
+present mansion, which is a magnificent structure, with wings, and a flight
+of steps leading to a handsome hall; the park, which is now united with
+that of Houghton, is spacious, and presents several most delightful prospects.
+At the entrance of Ampthill Park there is a pear tree, under which
+it is reported that Sir Philip Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 6 A.M.. departs 8&frac12; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, May 4, and November 30, for cattle.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+White Hart.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Amroth[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Narbeth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Llaugharne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>251</td><td align='right'>654</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Amwell, Great[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>1321</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Amwell, Little</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>369</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ancaster[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>491</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Ancroft</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Berwick</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coldstream</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>253</td><td align='right'>1384</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Anderby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>217</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Anderson, or Anderstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Poole</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>54</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Anderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>327</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Anderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Andover[D]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Stockbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>4843</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house
+formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the
+Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from a
+female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously assimilating
+additions have been made so as to give it every appendage of convenience
+and luxury. The antique porch is nicely preserved. The conservatory
+and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was once a vaulted
+roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this vault remains unaltered.
+From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting view of Tenby. The
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">View of
+Tenby.</span>
+
+
+church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is situated on a limestone
+rock, which has been reduced on every side, and is remarkable for a curiously
+disposed tower.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Emma's
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Emma's
+Well, one of
+sources of
+the New
+River</span>
+
+
+Well, a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one
+of the sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr.
+Milne, to the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by
+the said river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by
+Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies
+of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of
+his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of Kemberton,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Indigence of
+Sir Hugh
+Middleton.</span>
+
+
+near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in great
+indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that during
+such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets. The
+poet Warner, author of "Albion's England," lies interred here. The
+church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has been
+justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott of
+Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called
+Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station;
+many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causenn&aelig;. It occupies a low
+situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges
+which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great
+strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been found
+here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable emolument
+to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time many became
+extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various Emperors. Several
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Mosaic
+pavements.</span>
+
+
+mosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is highly probable
+from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causenn&aelig; of Antoninus.
+About the town are several quarries of stone, which is found very near the
+surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the head of the Bertie
+family, but that Dukedom is now extinct.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[D] ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been
+the Andaoreon of the Romans; and this opinion seems to have been countenanced
+by the remains of several ancient encampments in the neighbourhood,
+and by the Roman road, which runs from Winchester to Cirencester,
+and passes through the town. The antiquity of the corporation is as
+remote as the reign of John, but the present charter was granted by Queen
+Elizabeth; the town is extensive, and two of the streets are handsome and
+wide. There is a spacious town-hall, supported by arches, under which
+the weekly market is held. The church, situated at the north of the town,
+is a large Gothic building, consisting of a nave, side aisles, and chancel,
+with a transept on the north, and a low tower rising from the centre; it
+existed in the time of the Conqueror, and is dedicated to St. Mary. Within
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Weyhill
+Fair.</span>
+
+
+four miles of the town is held the great annual fair of Weyhill, which, as
+it lasts for a week, causes much circulation of money in Andover. In addition
+to the many small Roman encampments in the immediate neighbourhood,
+there is a very large one on the summit of Bury Hill, about two
+miles to the S.S.W.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 2&frac34; A.M., departs 11&frac34; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Friday and Saturday
+after Mid-Lent, for cheese, horses, and leather; May 17, November 13, for sheep,
+horses, leather, and cheese.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, T. &amp; W. Heath, draw on Masterman and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>,
+Star and Garter, and White Hart.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Andrew, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Llandaff</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>474</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Andrew, St. Minor</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge </td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgend </td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'> Cardiff </td><td align='right'>15 </td><td align='right'>175 </td><td align='right'>16</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Andrew, St. Ilketshall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Beccles </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Halesworth </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>106 </td><td align='right'>512</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Angersleigh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>54</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Angerton (High)</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hartburn</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>64</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Angerton, (Low)</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>289</td><td align='right'>55</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Angle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Milford by W</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>The Lightho.</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>264</td><td align='right'>458</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Anglesey, Isle of[A]</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>North Wales</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>48328</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Anglezarke</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>203</td><td align='right'>168</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ANGLESEY (Isle and County of), forms one of the six counties of
+North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the principality.
+It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and separated on
+the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine strait of Menai,
+from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is irregular, being indented
+with many small bays and creeks, which gave it some maritime
+importance under its native princes. It has received numerous appellations
+from the ancient Britons; the most approved of which was Mon, signifying
+remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the "nurse of
+Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into Angles-ey,
+or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal establishment of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Originally
+the principal
+establishment
+of the
+Druids.</span>
+
+
+Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by the Romans, A.D. 59,
+under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves to be cut down, and
+stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The climate of Anglesey is mild,
+and the sea-breezes render the weather more temperate here than in the
+other counties of North Wales, although from the same cause it is less
+clear: that portion of the island which borders on the Menai, the site of
+the terrific Druidical groves, is richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary,
+owing to the great scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid
+of wood; and the greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale
+beyond a gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect
+is uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper
+management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage.
+About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Annual
+exportation
+of
+cattle.</span>
+
+
+annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired
+for their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the pasturage
+on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension bridge, the
+passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five authorized ferries of the
+Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they were made to swim over,
+guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese, hides, tallow, wax, and
+honey, form also great articles of trade here; throughout the island there
+are but few manufactures of any importance. The shore abounds in some
+of the most highly prized marine productions, and is especially celebrated
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Prized for its marine productions.
+</span>
+
+
+for the variety and beauty of its sea shells. Anglesey is as interesting to
+the antiquary, as to the natural philosopher. The ancient British vestiges
+are very numerous; comprising no less than twenty-eight cromlechs,
+or Druidical altars, together with circles, monumental stones, entrenchments,
+and other remains of a similar description, both British and Roman,
+which will receive attention in their proper places; several of the parish
+churches (of which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various
+monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity.
+Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius
+Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Invasion of
+the Romans</span>
+
+
+an army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those barbarians.
+Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he resolved to
+attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the centre of their
+superstition, and which afforded protection to all their baffled forces. The
+Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this sacred island, both by
+the force of their arms, and the terrors of their religion. The women and
+priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon the shore; and running
+about with flaming torches in their hands, and tossing their disheveled
+hair, they struck greater terror into the astonished Romans by their howlings,
+cries and execrations, than the real danger from the armed forces was
+able to inspire. But Suetonius, exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces
+of a superstition which he despised, impelled them to the attack, drove
+the Britons off the field, burned the Druids in the same fires which those
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Druids
+burnt in the
+fires they had
+prepared for
+their enemies.</span>
+
+
+priests had prepared for their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated
+groves and altars&mdash;and having thus triumphed over the religion of
+the Britons, he thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the
+people to subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The
+circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from
+Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by steam
+packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle, mining
+affords most employment to the labouring population; a great number of
+persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl, round the coast.
+It comprises 200,000 acres of land.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Agmering</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>L. Hampton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>928</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Angram</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>67</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Angram Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>28</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Anick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>163</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Anick Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>36</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Anlaby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Anmer</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Castle Rising </td><td align='right'>6  </td><td align='left'>Burnham M. </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Lynn </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>132</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Annesley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Nottingham </td><td align='right'>10  </td><td align='left'>Newsted Ab. </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>402</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ansley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>773</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Anslow, or Annesley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Burton-on-T.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbots Brom</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in
+1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial
+seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park,
+
+<span class="sidenote">A hermitage
+and Chinese
+temple.</span>
+
+rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected with
+the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited it in
+1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Beneath this stony roof reclined,<br />
+I sooth to peace my pensive mind.
+</p>
+
+<p>On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a
+monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.
+Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture,
+and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Anstey[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stocking Pel. </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>33 </td><td align='right'>417 </td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Anstey</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Mount Sorrel </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Loughboro' </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>100 </td><td align='right'>850</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Anstey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rugby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Anstey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Anstey, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Dulverton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>S. Moulton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Anstey, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>226</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Anston</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>776</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Anthony, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Helston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lizard Point</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>275</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Anthony, St.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>St. Mawes</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Falmouth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Antingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>248</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Anthony, West, <br />or St.Jacobs[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Devonport</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Saltash</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>St. Germains</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>3099</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Antrobus</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>476</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Anwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tattershall </td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Metheringh </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>235</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Apethorpe</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wandesford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>84</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Apley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>152</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Apperley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Glocester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>401</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Appleby[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Glandford B. </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>517</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ruins of a
+Castle.</span>
+
+
+reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of
+keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time
+of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat
+surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional
+works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle of
+the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as traditionally reported,
+of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road called Ermine
+Street, passes through this village.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West
+Anthony, formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews.
+East Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew,
+M.P., is situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Mount
+Edgecomb.</span>
+
+
+Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished
+by Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a
+respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard
+Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a hammer
+suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Carew
+family.</span>
+
+
+deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family,
+there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath an
+elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady of
+the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander Carew,
+a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of the county,
+at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the measures of the
+court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the command of St.
+Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them into the King's
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir A. Crew
+beheaded.</span>
+
+
+possession; but the design being discovered to the Parliament, he was
+suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and there the women
+were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty he was rescued
+from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea to London,
+where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a court-martial,
+was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23, 1644. <span class="smcap">West
+Anthony</span>, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing village, which has risen
+into importance from its proximity to the towns of Devonport, Plymouth
+and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of the officers connected with
+the dockyards and navy at these important towns. Near this place is
+Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of that title; it is celebrated
+for the beauty of its situation, near the sea, and being a much admired stroll
+for the inhabitants of, and visitors to Plymouth.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in
+the wolds near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near
+Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small burden.
+That very ancient British road&mdash;the Ermine-street&mdash;passes through the
+village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the Romans; it
+enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving nearly a due
+northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln, continues its
+course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a great height, and is
+in some places seven yards in breadth.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Appleby, G. &amp; Lit.[A]  </td><td align='right'>pa </td><td align='left'>Derb. &amp; Leic. </td><td align='left'>Ashby </td><td align='right'>6  </td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth  </td><td align='right'>7  </td><td align='left'>Atherstone </td><td align='right'>7  </td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>1150</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>40</td><td>Appleby[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td>Westmor</td><td>Brough</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Penrith</td><td align='right'>14</td><td>Orton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>1459</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of
+Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school
+for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is
+almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy
+the site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town
+since the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor,
+Aldermen, and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest
+for any sum without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives
+to Parliament, but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has
+many times been assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Burnt by the
+Scots.</span>
+
+
+suffered seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered
+its former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad
+street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of which
+stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon origin; and at the
+lower end the parish church. The ancient market houses or cloisters, were
+pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic building, erected by Smirke, in
+their stead. Here are also a town-hall and gaol; and at each end of the
+town stands a stone obelisk or cross. Appleby received charters from Hen.
+II., John, and Hen. III., all which were given up to James II., since which
+period it has subsisted as a borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall,
+a manorial residence in this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated
+record, the mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually
+alienated it to the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at
+present neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad,
+with three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.
+Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be
+noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de
+Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Eminent
+characters
+born here.</span>
+
+
+in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College,
+Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was
+vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out, and
+sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as Diogenes did,
+from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should want. Here is a
+free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to all the children
+of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the Master; and also five
+scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at Queen's College, Oxford,
+and entitled to participate in five exhibitions of &pound;60. per annum at the
+same college, on the foundation of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital
+for thirteen widows, founded by the celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke
+and Montgomery, heiress of the Cliffords, the possessors of the
+castle for several centuries; by the marriage of whose eldest daughter it
+became the property of the family of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main
+portion of the present castle which is of a square form, was built in 1686
+out of the ruins of a part of the former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby
+Castle survived the attacks of the Parliamentary Army, under the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Appleby
+castle.</span>
+
+
+influence of its owner, the aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to
+yield in 1648. The church of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by
+the same spirited lady, contains a noble monument to her memory. The
+market is one of the best supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however
+possesses but little trade, and no manufacture of importance.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives at 1&frac12; A.M., departs 11&frac14; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, October 7 and 8, for
+sheep, &amp;.C; November 24, for sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>11</td><td>Appledore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Devon</td><td>Bideford</td>
+<td align='right'>2</td><td>Torrington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>1450</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>21</td><td>Appledore[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td>Kent</td><td>Tenterden</td>
+<td align='right'>4</td><td>New Romney</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>Rye</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>698</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>38</td><td>Appledram</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td>Sussex</td><td>Chichester</td>
+<td align='right'>2</td><td>Portsmouth</td><td align='right'>16</td><td>Petersfield </td><td align='right'>13</td>
+<td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>188</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>16</td><td>Appledurcombe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td>Hants</td><td>Newport</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td>Niton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Shanklin</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td align='right'>91</td><td align='right'></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>5</td><td>Appleford</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td>Berks</td><td>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>179</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>16</td><td>Appleshaw,[B]</td><td align='right'>vil. &amp; chap</td><td>Hants</td><td>Ludgershall </td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td>Andover </td><td align='right'>5</td><td>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>18</td>
+<td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'>355</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>40</td><td>Applethwaite[C]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>Westmor</td><td>Ambleside</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td>Bowness</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Kendall</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>417</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>4</td><td>Appleton[D]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td>Berks</td><td>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td>Wantage</td><td align='right'>10</td>
+<td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>441</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>22</td><td>Appleton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>Lancashire</td><td>Warrington</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td>Prescot</td><td align='right'>5</td><td>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>1439</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td>Appleton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Catterick</td><td align='right'>3</td>
+<td>Richmond</td><td align='right'>4</td><td>Bedale</td><td align='right'>6</td>
+<td align='right'>228</td><td align='right'>83</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td>Appleton-le-Moors</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Pickering</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td>Kirkby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td align='right'>231</td><td align='right'>269</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>43</td><td>Appleton-le-Street</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>New Malton</td><td align='right'>4</td>
+<td>Pickering</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>York</td><td align='right'>18</td>
+<td align='right'>218</td><td align='right'>860</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>46</td><td>Appleton-Roebuck</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>York</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td>Selby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>5</td>
+<td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>538</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td>Appleton-on-Wisk</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Yarm</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td>Northallerton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td>
+<td align='right'>232</td><td align='right'>553</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>30</td><td>Appletree</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td>Northamp</td><td>Banbury</td><td align='right'>7</td>
+<td>Daventry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td>Southam</td><td align='right'>9</td>
+<td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>83</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'>44</td><td>Appletrewick[E]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td>N.R. York</td><td>Skipton</td><td align='right'>8</td>
+<td>Settle</td><td align='right'>16</td><td>Burnsall</td><td align='right'>1</td>
+<td align='right'>224</td><td align='right'>425</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the
+hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Principally
+inhabited by
+Graziers.</span>
+
+
+consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly inhabited
+by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is
+very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort,
+which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the
+year 893.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>. Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle and pedlery.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[B] APPLESHAW.&mdash;Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill Fair. Nov. 4
+and 5, all for sheep.</p></div>
+
+<p>[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere
+belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lake of
+Winandermere.</span>
+
+
+only to a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who
+makes composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat.
+The red char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the
+lakes of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets
+
+<span class="sidenote">Grand Regatta.</span>
+
+during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to
+different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand
+regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families of the
+first distinction.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician
+and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20
+
+years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published a
+work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian Apollo,
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birth place
+of the learned
+Edmund
+Dickinson</span>
+
+and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy Scriptures.
+In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed Physician to
+Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the doctrine of the Transmutation
+of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of which is to prove,
+"that the method and mode of the creation of the universe, (according to
+the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly and concisely laid down by
+Moses." He died in 1707.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the
+founder of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">House of
+Craven.</span>
+
+
+conduct arose from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of
+London&mdash;a proof of the advantages attendant on industry.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arborfield[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wokingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Swallowfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Arbury</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>280</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Arclid</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>79</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arden</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Stokesley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Kirkby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>227</td><td align='right'>130</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ardingley[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Cuckfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>E. Grinstead</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Crawley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ardington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>East Ilsley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>404</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ardleigh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester </td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dedham</td><td align='right'>2 </td><td align='right'>56 </td><td align='right'>1545</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ardley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Middleton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Aynhoe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>170</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ardsley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>1029</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Ardsley,[C] East &amp; West</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>187</td><td align='right'>2303</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the
+church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the
+Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of
+the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family
+
+<span class="sidenote">Molly Mogg.</span>
+
+was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly
+Mogg.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, October 5, cattle.</p></div>
+
+<p>[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the
+ancient families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a
+tomb to the memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the
+beginning of the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture
+with that of his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Culpepper,
+the herbalist
+and astrologer.</span>
+
+
+herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after
+receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed to
+an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about 1642.
+He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing them of
+deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their "Dispensary,"
+giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug, and the complaints
+in which they were used. He was also author of the "Herbal," which
+is written with much clearness, and distinctly explained. It passed
+through many editions. From the tenor of his writings, it may be gathered
+that he joined or at least favoured the Jesuits.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, May 30, Pedlary.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>
+
+[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was
+
+
+remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which for
+
+<span class="sidenote">J. Nayler,
+the Quaker,
+a remarkable
+fanatic;</span>
+
+some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive severity of
+the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son of an
+industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the cultivation of
+his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married, and removed
+into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the breaking out
+of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the parliament army,
+and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first under Lord Fairfax, and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">becomes a
+soldier.</span>
+
+
+afterwards as quarter-master in major-general Lambert's troop in Scotland;
+till, being disabled by sickness, he returned home about the year
+1649. At this time he was a member of the Independent party, and continued
+so till the year 1651, when the preaching of George Fox made him
+a convert to the communion of the Quakers, as they are called. Among
+them he soon commenced preacher, and, according to their judgment, acquitted
+himself well both in speaking and writing.</p>
+
+<p>In the beginning of the following year he imagined he heard a voice,
+calling upon him to renounce his kindred and his father's house, and go
+into the west, promising that God would be with him. In obedience to
+this voice, which he believed to be the voice of God, he went about preaching
+from place to place, and greatly increased the numbers of the new sect.
+Towards the close of the year 1654, or early in 1655, he came to London,
+where he found a meeting of Friends which had been established by
+Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill, among whom he so greatly distinguished
+himself by his preaching, that many drew invidious comparisons
+between him and his brethren, which created uneasiness and differences in
+the society. To such a length did these proceed, that some women, admirers
+of Nayler, assumed the liberty of interrupting and disputing with
+Howgill and Burrough in the midst of their preachings, and thus disturbed
+the peace of the meetings. For this conduct they were reproved by these
+preachers; upon which they complained so loudly and passionately to
+Nayler, that he was weak enough to take their part, and was so intoxicated
+with their flattering praises, that he became estranged from his best
+friends, who strongly disapproved of and lamented his conduct. In the
+year 1658 we find him in Devonshire, where he was committed to Exeter
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Committed
+to Exeter
+Jail for
+blasphemy.</span>
+
+
+jail for propagating his opinions. Here he received letters from some of
+his female admirers and others, written in the most extravagant strains,
+calling him the everlasting Son of righteous&mdash;the Prince of peace&mdash;the
+only begotten Son of God&mdash;the fairest among ten thousand, &amp;c., and some
+of his followers kneeled before him in the prison, and kissed his feet. It
+is but justice, however, to the Quakers in general to mention, that they
+had now disowned Nayler and his adherents.</p>
+
+<p>Soon afterwards Nayler was released from imprisonment, and intended
+to return to London, but, taking Bristol in his way, as he passed through
+Glastonbury and Wells, his deluded attendants strewed their garments
+before him. When they came to Bedminster, about a mile from Bristol,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Extravagant
+conduct of
+his admirers.</span>
+
+
+they carried their extravagance to the highest pitch; for they formed a
+procession in imitation of our Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem, in which
+a man walked bare-headed before Nayler, and a woman led his horse,
+while other women spread their scarfs and hankerchiefs in the road, and
+the company sung, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts; Hosanna
+in the highest! holy, holy is the Lord God of Israel!" In this manner
+these mad people made their entrance into Bristol, marching through
+the mire and dirt, to the amazement of some, and the diversion of others;
+but the magistrates thought proper to interfere, and, after what had passed,
+committed them to prison. Soon afterwards they were sent to London
+and a committee was appointed by parliament to examine witnesses against
+Nayler, upon a charge of blasphemy, for admitting religious worship to be
+paid ti him, and for assuming the names and incommunicable titles
+and attributes of our blessed Saviour. Before the committee, he did not
+deny what was alleged concerning the extraordinary proceeding in Exeter
+jail, and at his entrance into Bristol; while defending himself by maintaining
+that the honours which he received were not shown to him, but to
+Christ who dwelt within him; and if they were offered to any other than
+to Christ, he disowned them.</p>
+
+<p>However, the committee having made a report to the house on the fifth
+of December, declaring the charge well founded, on the following day he
+was sent for, and heard at the bar; and on the eighth they resolved that
+"James Nayler is guilty of horrid blasphemy, and that he is a grand impostor,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Condemned
+by the House
+of Commons
+for blasphemy.</span>
+
+
+and a great seducer of the people." The next business to be determined
+on was, the nature of the punishment to be inflicted on him; which
+occupied the debate of the house, both on forenoons and afternoons, till
+the 16th of December, many members being for putting him to death,
+(and losing their vote, as secretary Thurloe informs us, only by fourteen
+voices,) while many other members totally disapproved of the severity
+which was used against him. At length, on the following day, after a
+considerable debate, the majority came to the resolution, "That James
+Nayler be set in the pillory, in the Palace-yard, Westminster, during the
+space of two hours, on Thursday next; and be whipt by the hangman
+through the streets from Westminster to the Old Exchange, and there likewise
+be set with his head in the pillory, for the space of two hours, between
+the hours of eleven and one on Saturday next; in each place wearing
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cruel sentence&mdash;his
+tongue bored
+with a hot
+iron.</span>
+
+
+a paper, containing an inscription of his crimes: And that at the Old
+Exchange, his tongue be bored through with a hot iron; and that he
+be there also stigmatized in the forehead with the letter B: That he
+be afterwards sent to Bristol, and be conveyed into and through the
+said city on horseback, with his face backward, and there also publicly
+whipt the next market-day after he comes thither: And that from thence
+he be committed to prison in Bridewell, London, and there to labour hard
+till he be released by parliament; and, during that time, be debarred the
+use of pen, ink, and paper, and shall have no relief but what he earns by
+his daily labour."</p>
+
+<p>On the eighteenth of December, the first part of it was carried into
+execution with the greatest rigour; but he was brought into a state of
+such extreme weakness by his cruel whipping, that, upon repeated applications
+to the parliament, his punishment was respited for one week. The
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His punishment
+respited</span>
+
+
+Protector was then addressed, and wrote a letter to the house, which,
+though it occasioned some debate, obtained no resolution in favour of the
+prisoner. On this the petitioners presented a second address to Cromwell;
+but, it is said the influence of the ministers prevented its effect.</p>
+
+<p>On the twenty-seventh of December, the remainder of Nayler's sentence
+was executed at the Old Exchange. Afterwards he was sent to Bristol,
+where he was publicly whipt, from the middle of Thomas-street, over the
+bridge to Broad-street. From Bristol, he was brought back to Bridewell,
+London, where he was confined about two years; during which his mind
+recovered from the frenzy which had governed it, and he felt deep humiliation
+and sincere repentance on account of his past conduct.</p>
+
+<p>After the protector's death, Nayler was released from prison, and went
+to Bristol, where, in a public meeting, he made a confession of his offence
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His contrition
+and
+death.</span>
+
+
+and fall, in a manner so affecting as to draw tears from most of those who
+were present, and having afforded satisfactory evidence of his unfeigned
+contrition, was again received into the communion of his friends.</p>
+
+<p>Nayler did not long survive his enlargement, for having left London in
+October 1660, with the intention of going home to his wife and children
+at Wakefield, he was taken ill in Huntingdonshire, where, it is said, he
+was robbed and left bound in a field. Whether he received any personal
+injury is not known, but being found towards evening by a countryman,
+he was carried to a friend's house, at Holm, near King's Ripon, where he
+expired in the month of December, when about 44 years of age. The expressions
+uttered by him about two hours before his death, both in justice
+to his name, which is so conspicuous in the history of the reveries of the
+human imagination, and on account of their own excellence, ought not to
+be omitted in the memoirs of his life.</p>
+
+<p>"There is a spirit which I feel," said he, "that delights to do no evil,
+nor to revenge any wrong, but delights to endure all things, in hopes to
+enjoy its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all wrath and contention,
+and to weary out all exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is of a nature
+contrary to itself. It sees to the end of all temptation: as it bears no evil
+in itself, so it conceives none in thoughts to any other. If it be betrayed,
+it bears it, for its ground and spring is the mercies and forgiveness of God.
+Its crown is meekness, its life is everlasting love unfeigned, and takes its
+kingdom with entreaty and not with contention, and keeps it by lowliness
+of mind."</p>
+
+<p>His writings were collected together, and published in an octavo
+volume in 1716.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ardwick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>5524</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Areley, Kings</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kiddermin.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>372</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Areley, Upper</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kiddermin.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>735</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Argam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hunmanby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Gt. Driffield</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arkendale</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Knaresboro'</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Boro'bridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>203</td><td align='right'>260</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arkengarth-Dale[A] </td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>W.R. York </td><td align='left'>Richmond </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='left'>Askrigg </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='right'>245 </td><td align='right'> 1446</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Arkesden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chesterford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Arkholm</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Kirby Lonsd</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>250</td><td align='right'>349</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arksey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>1171</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Arlecdon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Whitehaven</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Workington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Buttermere</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>299</td><td align='right'>475</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Arfey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Arlingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Newnham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Stroudwater</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>744</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ilfracomb</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>S. Molton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>235</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>East Bourne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>727</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Arlsey[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Baldock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Shefford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hitchen</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>689</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Armathwaite[C]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Kirk Oswald</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>292</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Armin</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Howde</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>567</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Armingall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Blofield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>88</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Armitage[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Rugeley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Abbots Brom</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>977</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Armley[E]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>5159</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ARKENGARTH-DALE contains lead mines, which were worked
+in the reign of King John, and they are still so valuable, that a few years
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Valuable
+lead mines.</span>
+
+
+ago the produce was estimated at 2000 tons annually; the inhabitants are
+chiefly miners.</p>
+
+<p>[B] ARLSEY, or ARSLEY. This village was anciently a market
+town. In "Doomsday Book," (a book made by order of William the
+Conqueror, in which all the estates of the kingdom were registered;)
+its market on Wednesday is recorded, and the tolls valued at 10s. per annum.
+A fair was held here so long past as the year 1270; but both the
+market and fair have long been disused. An ancient entrenchment near
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An ancient
+entrenchment.</span>
+
+
+the road to Baldock, called Etonbury, was probably the original site of
+the castle occupied by the Lords of the Manor. This castle appears to have
+a place of considerable strength. Amongst the ancient monuments
+in the church is one erected to the memory of Richard Edwards, who is
+called on his epitaph, the last Grand Reader of the Temple.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ARMATHWAITE. Near this village is a castle, situated on the
+of the delightful river Eden, in a deep vale; the building from
+its monastic gloom, appears rather to have been calculated for seclusion
+than security. The front has been modernized, and is built of hewn stone.
+Its antiquity has not been ascertained, certain it is the Skeltons resided
+here as early as the reign of Henry VIII. The most romantic and picturesque
+scenery surrounds this lovely spot. A magnificent hill throws its
+solemn shade on the tranquil surface of the river, here broadened into a
+lake like form. Amongst other grand masses of rock is a projecting crag
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Rendezvous
+of wild cats</span>
+
+
+of a bold and grotesque form called the Cat Glent, the rendezvous of many
+wild inhabitants of the feline tribe; beyond these is a mill and a few sequestered
+cottages. From this spot the river Eden is no longer tranquil, but
+rushing down a cataract pours in sonorous violence over a bed of opposing
+rock, whose immovable crags whirl the stream into eddies as it passes them
+in its fury. Near this place a nunnery was established by William Rufus,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Nunnery
+founded by
+William II.</span>
+
+
+who like other profligates, "trembled amidst his impiety," and was willing
+enough to secure a chance of heaven, provided it could be obtained by
+any other means than virtuous practice. At the dissolution of Monasteries,
+owing to the frequent hostilities between the Scots and English,
+their income amounted to only 18 guineas per annum.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[D] ARMITAGE is situated on the river Soar, in the hundred of Offlow,
+South, including the hamlet of Handsacre. The entrance to the church is
+very curiously built in the Saxon style, and the chapel is separated from
+the nave by a handsome arch. The Grand Trunk Canal passes through a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A remarkable
+tunnel.</span>
+
+
+very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, in this parish. The town received
+its name from having been the residence of a hermit.</p>
+
+
+<p>[E] ARMLEY. This township is in the parish of St. Patrick, and the
+liberty of Leeds. It is situated on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool
+Canal, and of the river Aire, on which there are a number of mills
+employed in various branches of the clothing trade. An object once of
+great antiquarian curiosity, called Giants Hill, which was a Danish fortification,
+is now scarcely traceable, in consequence of its having been cut
+through to form the Leeds and Liverpool canal.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Armscott</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>130</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Armston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Peterboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>25</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Armthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>368</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arncliffe</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>231</td><td align='right'>964</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Arncott</td><td align='right'>vill</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Arne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Wareham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Poole</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Corfe Castle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>171</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Arnesby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>442</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Arnold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Oxton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>4054</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Arreton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ryde</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Niton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>1864</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Arrington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>254</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Great Neston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>91</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Henley in Ar.</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>466</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Arthington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Arthingworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rothwell</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>77</td><td align='right'>225</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Arthuret[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Gretna Green</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>310</td><td align='right'>2903</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Arlington</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Arundel[C]</td><td align='right'>bo to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Worthing.</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>2803</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Arvans, St.</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tintern Abb.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>304</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ARRINGTON. This village was anciently called Ermington. It is
+near Lord Hardwicke's Park. At this place, in the year 1721, the skeletons
+of sixteen human bodies were found in digging for a water course,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sixteen
+skeletons
+found here.</span>
+
+
+within two feet of the surface of the ground. Some pieces of iron much
+rusted, conjectured to have been pieces of swords were also found. It is
+supposed the skeletons were the remains of persons who had been killed in
+endeavouring to obtain possession of the pass over the river Cam, during
+the civil wars.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ARTHURET. This village is situated on a point of land which in
+early times was said to have been called Arthur's Head, from whence the
+name is derived. In this place was both born and buried, Archibald Armstrong,
+Jester to both King James I., and Charles I. By an incident suitable
+to his profession, his funeral took place on "All Fools Day," the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A merry jester
+buried
+on "All
+Fool's Day."</span>
+
+
+first of April. He was banished the court for speaking too freely of
+Archbishop Laud's measure of introducing the Liturgy into Scotland,
+which had produced a considerable tumult. On the arrival of the news
+of these riots in England, Archy facetiously asked his grace, "Who's the
+fool now." The joke was bitterly resented by the prelate, who procured
+an order of council to banish him from the court, for speaking disrespectful
+words of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This parish is bounded partly by
+Solway Frith, and forms part of the debateable lands so celebrated in Scottish
+history; these lands and the celebrated Solway Moss, we shall have
+occasion to speak further of in the course of the work.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ARUNDEL, is situated on the declivity of a hill, on the north bank of
+the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It consists of two principal
+streets, one of which runs north and south, and the other westward from the
+point of the union. Many of the houses are built in the castellated style.
+The church, situated at the north end of the town, originally belonged to
+a priory of Benedictines, and is supposed to have been founded soon after
+the conquest of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel. It is a handsome
+gothic building with transepts, from the centre of which rises a
+square tower, with a wooden spire. Some beautiful monuments of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Beautiful
+monuments
+in the
+church.</span>
+
+
+the Earls of Arundel may be seen; and one, more magnificent than
+the rest, is of alabaster, a calcareous earth, which differs from marble,
+in being combined not with carbonic, but with sulphuric acid. This
+monument is erected to the memory of Thomas Fitz-Alan, and Beatrice,
+his countess, a daughter of John, King of Portugal. The charter by
+which the town is governed, was granted by Queen Elizabeth. It formerly
+sent two members, but by the Reform Bill, it now sends but one;
+the ten pound householders are calculated at 380. The borough comprises
+the parish of Arundel and the returning officer is the mayor. Here was
+formerly a harbour sufficient to contain vessels of one hundred tons
+burthen, but it has suffered great damage by the sea. Great quantities of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Quantities
+of Sussex
+oak shipped
+from this
+place.</span>
+
+
+timber for ship building, are still shipped from this place, which has but little
+trade, yet it is much benefitted in summer by the numerous visitors who
+resort to it for sea bathing. Of the castle, which stands on the north-east
+side of the town, mention is first made in the will of King Alfred,
+who bequeathed it, with the town, to his nephew Adhelm. A popular
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Tradition
+ascribes the
+foundation
+of the castle
+to a giant.</span>
+
+
+tradition ascribes the foundation of it to Beris, "a giant of ancient
+times," in confirmation of which opinion a tower is still pointed out,
+called Beris Tower. The Conqueror gave it to his kinsman Roger
+de Montgomery, whom he also created Earl of Arundel, which title
+belonged to three persons of this family, till Robert Bellesme was outlawed
+by Henry I. for the assistance he gave to that monarch's brother,
+Robert. The castle was then settled on Queen Adeliza, who, after the
+death of her royal consort, gave her hand to William de Albini, one of the
+most accomplished men of his age. Here the dowager-queen performed
+the rites of hospitality towards the Empress Maud, in the attempt of that
+princess to ascend the throne. The last male heir of the name of Albini,
+died in 1243, when the castle and manor of Arundel fell to his sister,
+Isabel, whose husband, John Fitz-Alan, made the castle his residence, and
+assumed the title of Earl of Arundel. The fourth in descent from him forfeited
+his life and estates, in the attempt to ruin the Despensers, favourites
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The king
+presided at
+the execution
+of one of
+its lords.</span>
+
+
+of Edward II.; but the estates were restored to his son, whose successor,
+in the reign of Richard II., being accused of a conspiracy to seize the king,
+and put to death the lords of the council, was beheaded; the king presiding
+at the execution. His son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, was reinstated by Henry
+IV.; but, he dying without issue, in 1415, the castle devolved to his
+cousin, Sir John Fitz-Alan, who laid claim to, and obtained the title, on
+which an act was passed, that the possession of this castle and honour
+conferred the dignity of Earl without creation. The last Fitz-Alan died
+in the 22d of Elizabeth, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas Howard,
+Duke of Norfolk, thus carrying the earldom and estate into that family,
+to whom they still belong.</p>
+
+<p>Concerning the true period of the foundation of this castle, many conjectures
+have been entertained. On account of the bricks inserted in the
+walls of the keep, it has been attributed to the Romans; but such a proof
+
+<span class="sidenote">The great
+antiquity of
+the castle.</span>
+
+is not allowed by the best antiquaries. Its pretensions to the era of the
+Saxon kings are more explicit. The more ancient parts are the keep or
+citadel, and the towers which flank the gateway, and connect the whole
+by means of a sally port. The keep stands upon an artificial mound, the
+height of which, from the fosse, is one hundred and ten feet on one side,
+and eighty on the other. Of its external wall, the height is thirty feet,
+supported by projecting ribs or buttresses. It is eight feet thick, with a
+wall on the inside, guarded by a parapet as many feet high. The diameter
+of the room which is faced with Norman or Caen stone, is sixty-seven feet
+by fifty-nine. There are also Roman bricks placed in the herring-bone
+fashion, which is observable in most Saxon buildings. In the centre is a
+subterraneous room and passage; and in a tower attached to the keep, is a
+well three hundred feet deep. The approach is by a time-worn staircase,
+and over a narrow pass, commanding the entrance to the building, which
+bears the marks of a portcullis. The more ancient one towards the east
+still retains a very rich Saxon door-case. In the tower above the present
+entrance, was a small chapel or oratory, dedicated to St. George. The
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The castle
+dungeons of
+remarkable depth.</span>
+
+
+tower and gateway facing the base court of the castle are apparently co-temporary
+with the keep. The other towers are built with flint. The
+dungeons are on the right and left of the gateway. They consist of eight
+wards, protected by a draw-bridge from the castle moat. The lower wards
+are very deep, and partly filled up with rubbish. The foundation walls of
+these dungeons are not known, although efforts have been employed to
+discover the length and depth of these frightful abodes. The Empress
+Maud's apartments are in the tower, above the old gateway. They consist
+of three bed-rooms. The Saxon keep may justly be termed the ivy-mantled
+tower, for the walls are literally covered with its leaves. The late
+Duke of Norfolk was very partial to this retired spot. Here are several
+remarkably curious owls, elegant, and extremely large; some of them
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Remarkable
+owls</span>
+
+
+measuring across the wings, from eight to ten feet. Their plumage is particularly
+beautiful, and their eyes brilliant. The late duke purchased them
+from North America. There are many traces of ancient remains about
+the keep or tower. The spot where the boilers stood, for the purpose of
+melting the lead to pour down upon the besiegers, and those used for
+culinary purposes, are still visible. The marks of cannon balls discharged
+against the tower during the siege of the parliamentary forces, are observable
+in many places. The ground plan of the present castle nearly
+resembles that of Windsor Castle, in the exact proportion of nine to fourteen.
+When the late Duke of Norfolk took possession, the castle was
+little better than a heap of ruins, but his Grace has restored it to its
+original magnificence. The building is of free-stone, from the quarries in
+Yorkshire; and those of a brown cast were carefully selected, in order that
+they might assimilate in colour with the old remains. The new walls have
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The late
+Duke of
+Norfolk restored
+the castle to its
+ancient
+magnificence.</span>
+
+
+risen upon the ancient model, and correspond with the old ones in solidity
+of fabric, as well as dignity of ornament. An entire new front of massy
+stone, which differs materially from the others, particularly in exhibiting
+the insignia of the Howards, mixed with those of their predecessors, and
+two colossal figures of liberty and hospitality, ornament the grand entrance.
+In raising this front, the late duke had the opportunity of enlarging
+the mansion, and gaining the space now occupied on the basement
+story, by a long range of servants' offices, including a new kitchen, with
+two fire places, bake-house, scullery, the steward's and housekeeper's
+rooms, &amp;c. The cellars are of immense length. The duke weekly
+employed from 100 to 200 labourers, mechanics, and artists, in the improvement
+and decorations of this noble edifice, for upwards of twenty-five
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Employed
+from 100 to
+200 labourers
+for 25
+years.</span>
+
+
+years. The arrangements were formed entirely from his own ideas, and
+in the progress of the plan, he was exclusively his own architect. On the
+west wing is a beautiful sculptured basso relievo historical representation
+of King Alfred receiving the report of the jury, as established in his reign.
+The costume and draperies are finely carved in stone. The interior of the
+castle is fitted up with great taste and effect. The richest mahogany has
+been used in almost every decoration. The walls being more than six feet
+thick, form a kind of frame for each window, which is five feet deep on the
+inside, and the whole of this spacious case is lined with mahogany. The
+window frames which hold the magnificent plate glass panes, three feet
+each in height, are of the same material; and the solid mahogany doors
+are held in cases of the thickness of the inner walls, perhaps, four feet
+deep, all lined with pannels of the richest grain.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>In the Barons room the following inscription appears:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+"CHARLES HOWARD, DUKE OF NORFOLK,
+<br />
+EARL OF ARUNDEL,
+<br />
+in the year of Christ, 1806,<br />
+in the 60th year of his age,<br />
+dedicated this stone<br />
+To Liberty, asserted by the Barons,<br />
+in the reign of John."
+</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th of June, 1815, a great festival took place for celebrating the
+centenary of the signing of Magna Charta. There was a splendid assemblage
+of the nobility and persons of distinction. Complete suits of ancient
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Festival to
+celebrate
+the signing
+of Magna
+Charter
+held here.</span>
+
+
+armour, with swords and spears, forged in ancient times, and for very
+different purposes, were either suspended from, or hung around the walls;
+and every adventitious aid was adopted to give state and majesty to this
+celebration of the magnanimous conduct of the Barons of England. Nearly
+three hundred distinguished guests sat down. The head of the table was
+ornamented with a noble baron of beef, surmounted by the ducal coronet,
+and the banners of the illustrious house of Norfolk.</p>
+
+<p>The castle occupies a mile in circumference, and the beautiful domains
+which surround this magnificent structure, are more than seven miles and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The times
+when the
+castle may
+be inspected
+by visitors.</span>
+
+
+a half in circumference, enclosed with a strong fence railing. The grounds
+are well laid out, in gardens, shrubberies, and plantations. There are
+three agreeable towers in the park; High Horn, commanding an extensive
+prospect; and Mount Pleasant, covered with ivy, overlooking
+the beautiful vale of Sussex. The late duke built another tower, facing
+the road to Petworth, called the White Ways. The castle is open to the
+inspection of visitors on the first Sunday in the month after divine service,
+and on every Monday in the year.</p>
+
+<p>When the buildings on the Norfolk estate adjoining the Strand, London,
+were erected, it was legally settled, that the whole of the rents, should be expended
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Estates in
+London devoted
+to keep it in
+repair.</span>
+
+
+for the sole purpose of keeping up Arundel Castle; this has always
+been acted upon. The original rents having long since fallen in&mdash;and the increased
+income that has been produced by that cause, joined to the general
+increase of rents in that quarter, has been so great, that it now requires
+very great ingenuity to contrive the means of laying out all that money
+according to the directions of the original entail; and this is the real cause
+of the magnificent style in which that ancient baronial castle is still supported.
+The estate thus mentioned, comprises the whole of Surrey-street,
+Arundel-street, Howard-street, and Norfolk-street, which are the entire
+property of the Norfolk family.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 7.40. A.M., departs 5.30. P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>,
+May 14, cattle and hogs; August 21, hogs, cattle, and sheep; September 25, cattle and sheep;
+December 17, cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday in every month for cattle.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Henty
+and Co., draw on Lubbock and Co.; Hopkins and Co., draw on Williams and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>,
+Crown, and Norfolk Arms.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Asaph, St.[A]</td><td align='right'>city &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Holywell</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abergeley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>3144</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Asby[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Westmor</td><td align='left'>Appleby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Brough</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>273</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ascote</td><td align='right'>ex. pa. ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Southam</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>12</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ST. ASAPH. This city is seated on the decline of a pleasant eminence,
+between the rivers Clwyd and Elwy, which renders the first appearance
+striking, though it contains little more than one street. The church stands
+in the lower part of the town, and serves for the use of the parishioners,
+the cathedral not being used for parochial purposes; the latter was built
+about the close of the fifteenth century; it consists of a choir, a nave, two
+aisles, and a transept. During the protectorship of Cromwell the palace
+and cathedral were much injured by the post-master, who made great havoc
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The font of
+the cathedral
+used for
+watering
+horses.</span>
+
+
+in the choir of the cathedral, using the font as a trough for watering his
+horses; and by way of venting his spleen on the clergy, tied up calves in
+the bishop's throne. Several very eminent men have been bishops of
+St. Asaph, including Dr. Isaac Barrow, William Beveridge, and Samuel
+Horsley, the former of whom founded an alms-house for eight poor widows.
+Bishop Hughes, who died 1600, founded, and endowed the Free Grammar
+School. The neighbourhood possesses several land proprietors who have
+given great encouragement to agriculture, amongst whom may be included
+Dean Shipley, who stimulated the practical farmers to emulation, by premiums,
+and other encouragement. To this spirited dignitary, so well
+known in the history of the law of libel, a very handsome monument has
+been erected in the cathedral.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Tuesday, July 15, October 16, December 26, for cattle.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+White Lion.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] ASBY, once called Askeby. This parish consists of four manors. The
+church is ancient, its beauty has been much disfigured by repairs; it
+has even been diminished in size, as appears by an arch now filled up in
+the north wall. At Sayle Bottom are several tumuli&mdash;some circular,
+others rectangular. At Garthorne Hall, a tumulus was found to contain
+human bones and a large sword, and another containing three entire
+skulls. Pate Hole, in this parish, is a remarkable cavern in a limestone rock,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Pate Hole,
+an immense
+cavern.</span>
+
+
+consisting of two galleries, one 430 yards long, towards the north east,
+the other, 230 yards long, making a large sweep from the extremity
+of the first to its middle; together, they resemble the letter P. At the
+end of the first gallery is a lofty dome, and a pool 20 yards long, 6 broad,
+and 3 deep; and in the second are two perpendicular chasms of unknown
+extent, from whence proceed in rainy seasons torrents of water, which
+fill the cavern and discharge themselves from its entrance. The noise of
+these operations resemble at first gentle music, but increases to the pitch
+of the loudest. In one part is a petrifying spring, which always stands
+at one temperature.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ascott</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>L. Compton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ascott</td><td align='right'>ham &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bensington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ascott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>419</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Asgarby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tattershall</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Falkingham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>146</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Asgarby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tattershall</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>57</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burton-on-T.</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ramsgate</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>2416</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Farmingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Gravesend</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>586</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bagshot</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Godalming</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>2001</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ash, or Ashe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>114</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashe[A]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Colyton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Lyme</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Axminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHE is situated in Musbury parish, which lies in the hundred of Axminster,
+two miles east by north from Colyton. It is the birth place of
+the celebrated John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: this distinguished
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The birth-place
+of the
+celebrated
+Duke of
+Marlboro'.</span>
+
+
+erson was born here in the year 1650. He received only an indifferent
+education, for his father took him to court at the age of twelve years, when
+he became page, as his sister, Arabella, became mistress to the Duke of
+York. In 1660, he obtained a pair of colours in the Guards. His first
+service was at the siege of Tangier, and, on his return from thence, he
+became the favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland, who gave him &pound;5,000
+with which he purchased an annuity for life. He afterwards served under
+the great Turenne, who was so pleased with his person and bravery as to
+call him the handsome Englishman. At the siege of Maestricht he so distinguished
+himself, that the King of France publicly thanked him. On his
+return he was made lieutenant-colonel, gentleman of the bedchamber, and
+master of the robes to the Duke of York, whom he attended to Holland
+and Scotland; and about this time married Miss Jennings, maid of honour
+to the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne. In 1682, he was shipwrecked
+with the Duke of York, in their passage to Scotland, on which occasion
+his royal highness expressed the greatest anxiety to save his favourite.
+The same year he was made a peer, by the title of Baron Eymouth, in
+Scotland; and when James came to the crown, he was sent to France to
+notify the event. In 1685, he was created Lord Churchill, of Sandridge.
+The same year he suppressed Monmouth's rebellion, and took him prisoner.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">He took
+Monmouth
+prisoner in
+the reign of
+James II.</span>
+
+
+He continued to serve James with great fidelity, till the arrival of the
+Prince of Orange, and then left him, for which he has been stigmatized,
+and perhaps not unjustly, with base ingratitude. His own apology was a
+regard for the religion and constitution of his country. He was created
+Earl of Marlborough by King William in 1689, and appointed commander
+of the English army in the low countries. He next served in Ireland, and
+reduced Cork, with other strong places. In 1692, he was suddenly dismissed
+from his employments, and committed to the Tower: he was, however,
+very soon released, but the cause of this disgrace was never clearly
+explained. After the death of Queen Mary he was restored to favour;
+and at the close of that reign he had the command of the English forces in
+Holland, and the States chose him captain-general of their forces. On the
+commencement of the reign of Anne, he recommended a war with France,
+and his advice was adopted. In the first campaign of 1702, he took a
+number of strong towns, particularly Liege. In the following year he
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Created a
+Duke by
+Queen Anne.</span>
+
+
+was created a Duke. In 1704, he joined Prince Eugene, in conjunction
+with whom he conquered the French at Hochstedt, took Marshal Tallard
+prisoner, and brought him to England, with 26 other officers of rank,
+121 standards, and 179 colours. He then received the grant of the manor
+of Woodstock. In 1706, he fought the famous battle of Ramilies. This
+battle accelerated the fall of Louvain, Brussels, and other important places.
+He arrived in England, and received fresh honours from the Queen and Parliament.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Blenheim
+house built
+for him.</span>
+
+
+Blenheim house was ordered to be built, and a pension of &pound;5,000.
+a year was awarded him. In 1709, he defeated Marshal Villars at Malplaquet.
+In the year 1711, he returned to England with additional laurels,
+but was soon after dismissed from his employments. To add to this unjust
+treatment, a prosecution was commenced against him for applying the
+public money to his private purposes. Indignant at such conduct, he went
+into voluntary banishment till 1714, when he landed at Dover, amidst the
+acclamations of the people. George I. restored him to his military employments,
+but he retired from his appointments to Windsor, and died in 1722.
+His remains were interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. His
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Died in the
+8th year of
+the reign of
+Geo. I.</span>
+
+
+Duchess outlived him several years. She was a woman of a strong mind,
+but overbearing passions. Her letters have been printed, and display
+uncommon sagacity, blended with a great share of vanity. The mansion
+house in which the Duke was born, now in a state of ruin, was rebuilt
+shortly after the civil wars, by Sir John Drake, whose daughter had
+married Sir Winston Churchill.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, April 6, and Oct. 11, for pedlary.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ashamstead</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>East Ilsley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Streatley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>346</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Ashamstead</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Gt. Marlow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>H. Wycombe</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ash Bocking</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>234</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>4756</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashbrittle</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wiveliscombe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dulverton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>254</td><td align='right'>635</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHBOURN is very pleasantly situated in a rich valley on the
+eastern side of the Dove, over which is a stone bridge. It is divided into
+two parts by a rivulet, which is called Henmore, the southern part of
+which is termed Compton, the ancient Campdene. From the descent of
+the hill on the Derby road, the view of the place as it presents itself embosomed
+amongst the hills is beautifully picturesque. It is a neat town, but
+there is nothing remarkable in its buildings. At the time of the conquest
+it was a royal manor, and subsequently became a part of the Duchy of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A royal
+manor of the
+Saxon Kings made
+part of the
+Duchy of
+Lancaster.</span>
+
+
+Lancaster, until it was sold by Charles I. It is supposed that the church,
+which is dedicated to St. Oswald, was finished in the thirteenth century;
+in it are many monuments to the Cockaines, Bradburns, and Boothby's,
+successively possessors of the manors. Sir Thomas Cockaine and other
+natives, founded a Free Grammar School, in the reign of Elizabeth, for
+children of the town and neighbourhood, and also a second for the poorer
+class of children of both sexes. Here are also a chapel and a neat row of
+alms-houses, founded in 1800 by a native named Cooper, who made a
+fortune in London, for six poor men and women, and several other hospitals
+for decayed house-keepers, including one for the maintenance of
+four clergymen's widows. A very considerable trade is carried on here in
+cheese and malt, many horses and cattle are sold at its fairs. Much lace
+is made here, and a great many persons are employed in the iron and
+cotton factories in the neighbourhood. The romantic and beautiful glen
+of Dovedale is within a short distance. This town is one of the polling
+places for the southern division of the county.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;Mail arrives 11 A.M., departs 2&frac34; P.M.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, first Tuesday in January,
+and Feb. 13, for horses and horned cattle, April 3, May 21, and July 5, for horses, horned cattle,
+and wool. August 16, October 20, and November 29, for horses, and horned cattle; the fairs
+for horses begin two or three days before the fair-day.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Blackmoor's Head and Green
+Man.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Arkwright and Co.; drawn on Smith, Payne, and Co.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ashburnham[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Battle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>East Bourne </td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>55 </td><td align='right'> 721</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashburton[B]</td><td align='right'>bo. m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Torquay</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>4165</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ashbury</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Lambourn</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Highworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>698</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Launceston</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>74</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Gt. Grimsby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>179</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Burgh</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wainfleet</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>170</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Navenby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>178</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>378</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>42</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashby, Cold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>385</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby-de-la-Zouch [C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>M Bosworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>4727</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHBURNHAM is in the hundred of Foxearle, and rape of Hastings.
+This village gives the name and title of Earl to the representatives of the
+ancient family of Ashburnham, who possessed this manor before the conquest.
+The shirt and white silk drawers in which Charles I. was executed,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bequests of
+Charles I.
+made on the
+scaffold.</span>
+
+
+on the 30th of January, 1649, and also the watch which he gave
+to Mr. John Ashburnham, on the scaffold, are still preserved in the church,
+having been bequeathed by one of his descendants to the clerk of this
+parish for ever, and are exhibited as great curiosities.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHBURTON is situated in a valley encompassed by hills; it is about
+a mile from the river Dart, and consists principally of one long street,
+through which runs the high road from London to Plymouth. The houses
+are neat, and most of them covered with slate, of which there is abundance
+in the vicinity. The manor belonged to the crown in the reign of James I.,
+but it has since passed through various private hands. The town, which
+is governed by a portreeve, chosen at the court leet and baron of the
+manor, is a borough by prescription, (that is to say, a custom continued
+until it has the force of law;) and was constituted one of the four stannary
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">One of the
+four stannary
+towns of the
+county.</span>
+
+
+towns of Devon, by a charter of Edward I., in the twenty-sixth year of
+whose reign it sent two members to Parliament, but only returned members
+once subsequently until 1640, in which year its privilege was
+restored: by the late reform bill, it now returns but one member; the
+electors on the old constituency were 101, and &pound;10 householders 342.
+The portreeve is the returning-officer. The borough comprises the parish
+of Ashburton.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, first Thursday in March; first Thursday in June; August 10;
+November 11, for horned cattle.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, London and Golden Lion.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 5 P.M.,
+departs 9&frac34; A.M.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH is situated in a fertile valley on the borders
+of Derbyshire, through which runs the small river Gilwiskaw. Its distinctive
+appellation is derived from the ancient family of the Zouches, who
+came into possession of the manor in the reign of Henry III. It afterwards
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An ancient
+family gave
+their name
+to the town.</span>
+
+
+devolved to the crown, by which it was granted to the noble family
+of Hastings, in right of whom the Marquis of that title still possesses it.
+The town is chiefly comprised in one street, from which branches several
+smaller ones. The church is a handsome ancient edifice, built of stone,
+consisting of a nave and two aisles, separated by four lofty arches, springing
+from fluted pillars. Here are also places of worship for the Calvinistic
+and Wesleyan Methodists, Presbyterians, and others. A free
+grammar school was founded in this town by Henry Earl of Huntingdon,
+in 1567; and another free school for 26 boys, by Isaac Dawson, in 1669.
+The manufactures established here are chiefly those of cotton and woollen
+stockings, and hats. There is also a good trade in malt, and the fairs are celebrated
+for the sale of fine horses and cattle. The mansion at Ashby was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A noble
+mansion
+constructed
+out of the
+ruins of Ashby
+Castle.</span>
+
+
+remarkable for its magnitude and strength, and continued for 200 years
+the residence of the family of Sir William Hastings, knt., a particular
+favourite of Edward IV., who was elevated by that monarch to several
+offices of high trust and dignity. It stood on a rising ground, at the
+south end of the town, and was composed of brick and stone from the ruins
+of Ashby Castle.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Shrove-Monday, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday, last Monday in
+September, November 10, for horses, cows, and sheep.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Fishers and Co.; draw upon
+Hoare, Barnet, and Co.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.30 morning; departs 4.0 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Queen's
+Head, and White Hart.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby Folville</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton Mow.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>391</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby Magna</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>330</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashby Parva</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>169</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby Puerorum[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashby St. Ledger[B] </td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp </td><td align='left'>Daventry </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Northamp </td><td align='right'>14 </td><td align='left'>Welford</td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='right'> 76 </td><td align='right'>  257</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHBY PUERORUM. In the year 1804, a Roman sepulchre was
+discovered near this place, by a labourer who was cutting a ditch. It consisted
+of a stone chest, which laid 3 feet below the surface of the earth; the lid
+fitted nearly to the sides, hanging a little over the edge, so that when it was
+removed; no dirt of any kind was found to have gained admittance during
+a period of nearly two thousand years. The chest was formed of free stone,
+of a kind found in abundance on Lincoln Heath. The urn was of strong glass
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A very ancient
+urn of
+green glass
+found here.</span>
+
+
+well manufactured, and of a greenish colour. The glass was as perfect and
+the surface as smooth as if just taken out of the fire. This receptacle of
+the ashes was nearly filled with small pieces of bone, many of which, from
+the effect of ignition, were white throughout the whole substance. Among
+the fragments was discovered a small lacrymatory, which had been broken,
+from the curiosity of the person who discovered it, to ascertain whether it
+contained any thing of value.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHBY ST. LEDGER is situated near a rivulet that flows into the river
+Nen. The additional name of St. Ledger is borrowed from the patron
+saint to whom the church is dedicated. This structure consists of a nave
+and aisles, with a tower and spire. At the upper end of the north aisle are
+still remaining the steps which led to the rude loft between the chancel
+and the nave. Here are three piscinas for holy water. Several ancient
+monumental inscriptions may be seen in the chancel. On an altar
+tomb within the communion rails, are the recumbent figures of a
+man and woman, with an inscription in black letter, commemorative of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An ancient
+monument of the Catesby
+family.</span>
+
+
+William Catesby and Margaret his wife, bearing date 1493. Catesby was
+one of the three families who ruled the nation under Richard's usurpation,
+and constituted the triumvirate which is alluded to in the old distich:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+The rat, and the cat, and Lovel the dog,<br />
+Do govern all England under the hog.
+</p>
+
+<p>The rat was Richard Ratcliff, the cat William Catesby, the dog Lord Lovel,
+and the hog for Richard, it being then the regal crest. William Catesby
+became a distinguished character; he was made esquire of the King's
+body; Chancellor of the Marshes for life; and one of the Chamberlains of
+the Exchequer. Being taken prisoner at the battle of Bosworth field,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Catesby
+taken prisoner
+at Bosworth
+field.</span>
+
+
+while fighting by his patron's side, he was conducted to Leicester, and
+beheaded as a traitor. At the eastern end of both aisles, are two places,
+formerly appropriated as places of sepulture for the two great Lords of
+Ashby. One of these belonged to the Catesby family; but most of the
+inscriptions are effaced. The manorial house of Ashby is a good old
+family mansion, occupied by the widow of the late John Ashby, Esq. A
+small room in the detached offices belonging to the house is still shown as
+having been the council-chamber, where the gunpowder-plot conspirators
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The gunpowder
+plot
+conspirators
+met here.</span>
+
+held their deliberations. Robert Catesby, one of the descendants of the
+family, was at the head of this conspiracy, for which he was tried, condemned,
+and executed; and his head, together with that of his father-in-law,
+Thomas Percie, who was involved in his guilt, were fixed on the top of
+the Parliament-house.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Ashby West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>391</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ashchurch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Winchcombe</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>649</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashcombe[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Chudleigh</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Teignmouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>320</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashcott</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>129</td><td align='right'>834</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashdon or Ashingdon</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Haverhill </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Linton </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>45 </td><td align='right'>1103</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Asheldam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Bradwell</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ashelworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newent</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>540</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashen</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Clare</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>373</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashenden[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>368</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ashfield Great[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Botesdale</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>408</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Ashfield-cum-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>375</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashford[D]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tideswell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Buxton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>782</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHCOMBE is a parish in the hundred of Exminster. Here is a
+mansion of Lord Arundel's, situated in a large amphitheatre of hills, richly
+wooded at their base, and at their summit often studded with herds of
+sheep or deer. The only entrance to this romantic dale is from the north,
+by a road, which though perfectly safe, falls precipitately down a narrow
+ridge of one of the hills.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHENDEN. This manor has been from time immemorial in the
+Grenville family. John Bucktot, a priest, gave the manor of Little Pollicott,
+to Lincoln College, in Oxford, about 1479; and what renders it
+particularly remarkable, is the circumstance of the manor house being used
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A retiring
+place for
+collegians in
+the time of
+the plague.</span>
+
+
+as a retiring place for the members of the college at the time of the plague.
+In Ashenden Church, is an ancient figure of a crusader, under an arch,
+rudely ornamented with foliage; which according to tradition, is the tomb
+of John Bucktot; this appears however to be erroneous, as it is evidently
+the tomb of a layman, and from the chevron on the shield, one of
+the Stafford family, anciently lords of Great Pollicott.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ASHFIELD. This obscure village gave birth to the celebrated Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, and his brother, the late Bishop of Durham; they
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The birth-place
+of Lord Chancellor
+Thurlow.</span>
+
+
+were the sons of the vicar, under whose auspices they were educated. On
+leaving the university, the former entered himself of the Inner Temple,
+but did not distinguish himself at the bar, until his abilities were employed
+upon the Douglas case; after which he became successively Solicitor-General,
+Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor. He was elevated
+to the peerage by the title of Baron Thurlow, of Ashfield. In 1786, he
+was made Teller of the Exchequer, and created Baron Thurlow, of Thurlow:
+he retired in 1793, and died at Brighton in 1806. He was succeeded
+in the peerage by his nephew, the son of his brother, the Bishop of Durham.
+He was never married, but he left three illegitimate daughters, to
+two of whom he bequeathed large property; the other having offended him
+by an imprudent marriage, he left her only a small annuity.</p>
+
+
+<p>[D] ASHFORD. This village is frequently called Ashford in the water,
+from the lowness of its situation. It is seated on the banks of the river
+Wye. The only remains of the residence of the Plantagenets of Woodstock
+(who had a castle here) is a moat, half filled with rubbish. Sir
+William Cavendish, the favourite of Cardinal Wolsey, purchased this
+estate of the Earl of Westmoreland; and the Duke of Devonshire, a descendant
+of that family, still continues the proprietor. The works in this
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Extensive
+works for
+sawing and
+polishing
+marble.</span>
+
+
+village for sawing and polishing marble, were the first ever established in
+England. They were originally constructed by Mr. Henry Watson, of
+Bakewell, about 80 years since, but though he obtained a patent, to secure
+the gain arising from this invention, the advantages were unequal to his
+expectations. Mr. John Platt, architect, of Rotherham, in Yorkshire,
+rented the quarries of black and grey marble, the only ones of the kind
+now worked in Derbyshire. The sweeping mill, as it is called, from its
+circular motion, will level a floor of eighty superficial feet of marble slabs
+at one time.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ilfracomb</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Marwood</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ashford[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Folkestone</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>2809</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Ashford[B]</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Staines</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedfont</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sunbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>458</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Ashford Bowdler</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Ashford Carbonel</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Ashfordby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton Mow.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Loughbro'</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>467</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Ash-holm</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aldstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>279</td><td align='right'>122</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>700</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashill[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chard</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>137</td><td align='right'>403</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashingdon[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>98</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHFORD is situated about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence
+rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, and on the
+high road between Hythe and Maidstone. The town, which is a liberty
+of itself, originated from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market town,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Origin of
+the town of
+Ashford.</span>
+
+
+which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed in the Danish wars.
+It was then called Asscheford, and, in some early documents, Estefort
+and Enetesford, from the ford over the river Stour; the ancient name of
+which was Esshe or Eschet. It is pleasantly situated near the confluence
+of the upper branches of the river Stour, over one of which there is a bridge.
+The manor received the privilege of a market so early as Edward I.
+The town is governed by a mayor, and possesses a court of record for the
+recovery of debts, not exceeding twenty marks. The church is a spacious
+and handsome fabric, consisting of a nave, aisles, and three chancels, with
+a lofty and well-proportioned tower. There are several ancient monuments,
+especially one of a Countess of Athol, who died in 1365, whose
+effigy exhibits the female costume of that age, in a very remarkable manner.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The college
+made into a
+parsonage
+house:</span>
+
+
+The ancient college, founded by Sir John Fogge owner of the manor,
+in the reign of Edward IV., was dissolved in that of Henry VII.,
+and the house given to the vicar for a residence. It still exists, although
+latterly much modernised. Here is a Free Grammar School, founded by
+Sir Norton Knatchbull, in the reign of Charles I., and various minor charities.
+The inhabitants of this town and its vicinity are much engaged in
+the rearing and fattening of cattle, for the sale of which its markets and
+fairs are much celebrated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> Saturday. A stock market held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in every month.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>
+May 17, and August 2, for wool; September 9, October 12, and 24, for horses, cattle and pedlary.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>,
+George, Royal Oak, and Saracen's Head.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, G. and W. Jemmett, draw
+on Esdaile and Co.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.15 afternoon.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHFORD. This place was originally called Exeford, from its ford
+over the river Exe; the village is now but of little importance. It lies in
+that level part of the county, formerly occupied by Hounslow Heath, the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Hounslow
+Heath.</span>
+
+
+terror of the western traveller, from the numerous robberies committed on
+its highways. Ashford Common was selected for military reviews; it has
+however, for some years been inclosed, and the review ground is now near
+Hounslow. The chapel is a plain brick building, possessing no claims on
+the attention of the antiquary; it was erected in 1796 by voluntary contribution.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[C] ASHILL.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 9, and September 10.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[D] ASHINGDON. This place is memorable in the early periods of our
+history. "Nothing is more surprising," observes Gough, in his Additions
+to Camden, "than the errors all antiquaries have hitherto lain under
+with respect to the scene of the battle between Edmund Ironside and the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The site of
+an engagement
+between Edm.
+Ironside and
+the Danes.</span>
+
+
+Danes." Though they had the authority of Mr. Camden against them,
+they have caried it quite across the county to the northern extremity and
+as far from the sea as possible, in defiance of every circumstance that
+could fix it there. In a marsh in Woodham Mortimer parish, on the river
+Burnham or Crouch, are twenty-four barrows grouped in pairs, and most
+of them surrounded by a ditch, supposed to be the burial places of the
+Danes, who probably landed at Bradwell, a village near the mouth of the
+Blackwater River, fourteen miles distant.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Ashington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northump</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ulgham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>57</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>74</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ashington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Horsham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>285</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>379</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Harborough</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rothwell</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>304</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Stockbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Romsey</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>93</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Ashley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>825</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kemble</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashley-Green</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Chesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Berkhamp</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashley-cum-Silvery,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Mildenhall</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>361</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashley-Hay</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Belper</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Turnditch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>138</td><td align='right'>241</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashmanhaugh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Worsted</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>154</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Ashmansworth</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>222</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ashmore</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cranborne</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>191</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Asholt, or Aisholt</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>228</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashover[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Alfreton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Matlock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>3179</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Ashow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>176</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Ashperton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>398</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashprington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brixham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dartmouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>549</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ash-Priors</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>201</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashreigney</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Chumleigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>1038</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashridge[C]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Chesham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Berkhamp</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHLEY, was formerly distinguished by a fair and market, it is now
+remarkable only for a large mansion, which was once the seat of the
+Georges. The church, an ancient building, with a square embattled tower,
+is principally interesting for its arches; some of which are round, and
+others pointed, resting on slender clustered pillars, with massy capitals of
+foliage. The font is large, round, and very rude in its workmanship.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHOVER. This village is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the
+Doomsday Book, as having a church and a priest. In the church is an
+ancient font, supposed to be Saxon; the base is of stone; the lower part
+is of an hexagonal form; the upper part circular, surrounded with twenty
+figures, in devotional attitudes, embossed in lead, in ornamental niches.
+There are also some ancient monuments of the Babington family, who
+were for a long time seated at Dithicke, a chapelry in this parish.
+Anthony Babington was executed for high treason in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, having engaged in a conspiracy to destroy that princess.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A singular
+rocking
+stone, formerly
+an idol.</span>
+
+
+On the declivity of a hill on Ashover Common is a rocking stone, called
+Robin Hood's Mark, which measures about twenty-six feet in circumference.
+From its extraordinary position, it appears not only to have been
+the work of art, but to have been placed with great ingenuity. About
+200 yards to the north is a singularly shaped work, called the Turning-stone,
+nine feet high: it is supposed to have been a rock idol. Overton
+Hall, in this vicinity, was once the seat of Sir Joseph Banks, the President
+of the Royal Society.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ASHRIDGE was formerly called Escrug. In very early times this
+village is reported to have possessed a royal palace; which, when the
+estate became the property of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, son to Richard,
+King of the Romans, was converted into a college for Bonhommes (or
+monks who followed the rules of St. Augustine,) and endowed with the
+manors of Ashridge, Gaddesden, and Hemel Hempstead. A parliament
+was held here by Edward the First, in the year 1291; and, though of
+short continuance, it was distinguished by a spirited debate on the origin
+and necessary use of fines. After the dissolution, the monastery appears
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A parliament
+held here
+by Edward I.</span>
+
+
+to have become the seat of royalty; and Norden describes it as the place
+"wherein our most worthy and ever famous Queen Elizabeth lodged, as
+in her owne, being a more statelie house." This queen, in the 17th
+year of her reign, granted it to John Dudley, and John Ayscough, who
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The manor
+house a favourite
+seat of Queen
+Elizabeth.</span>
+
+
+within the short period of a fortnight, conveyed it to Henry, Lord Cheny,
+whose lady sold it to Ralph Marshal, by whom it was again conveyed to
+Randolph Crew and others, and soon afterwards granted to Egerton, Lord
+Ellesmere, ancestor to the late Duke of Bridgewater; several of whose
+family are buried in the neighbouring church of Little Gaddesden. The
+old college, the greater part of which was standing in the year 1800, exhibited
+a fine specimen of the gothic architecture of the thirteenth century.
+The cloisters were particularly beautiful. The walls were painted in fresco
+with Scripture subjects. The late Duke of Bridgewater pulled down the
+whole of these buildings, the materials of which were disposed of in lots;
+the present earl, the dukedom being extinct, has erected a most magnificent
+mansion at a great expense. Ashridge Park, which contains some
+very fine oak and beech trees, is pleasingly varied with hill and dale. It
+is about five miles in circumference.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Ashtead</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Epsom</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Leatherhead</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ewell</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>607</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>405</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Chudleigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Moreton Ha.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Kirkham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>237</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stoney Strat.</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>380</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stilton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'>129</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton-Giffard</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Warminste</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Winchcomb</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>301</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton-Keynes</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Cricklade</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>1182</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashton, Long[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Keynsham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>1423</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHTON. Near this village is Ashton Hall, a seat of his Grace the
+Duke of Hamilton. It formerly belonged to the family of the Laurences,
+but came into the present family by the marriage of James, Earl of Arran,
+afterwards Duke of Hamilton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Duke of
+Hamilton.</span>
+
+
+Lord Gerrard Digby, of Bromley. The mansion is a large building, with
+some square embattled towers, an ancient hall, and other features of a magnificent
+baronial castle. It is situated in a fine park, through which flows a
+small rivulet, forming a narrow bay, at the western side of the grounds.
+The park abounds with wood, and is agreeably diversified with hill and
+dale, and affords, from many parts, extensive views across the river Lune
+to Morecambe Bay, the Irish sea, &amp;c. The mansion has undergone considerable
+alteration, yet care has been taken to preserve its ancient
+character.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Galgate Bridge, one mile distant, 9.20 P.M.; departs 2.20 morn.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHTON, or LONG ASHTON, is situated in a rich woody vale,
+protected on the north by a range of picturesque though bleak hills, and
+on the north lies the lofty ridge of Dundry. In this parish the inhabitants
+raise fruit and vegetables for the Bristol market. There is much garden-ground
+in Long Ashton, in which many Roman coins have been discovered.
+The houses are in general well-built, much company resorting
+thither during the summer season. The circumjacent scenery is delightful,
+and in the vicinity are the remains of two Roman encampments, Stokeleigh
+and Burwalls. The church is an old but very handsome building,
+founded by the family of Lyons; the nave and aisles are divided from the
+chancel by a beautiful gothic screen of fret and flower work, painted and
+gilt, and executed in the most admirable style. One of the 6 bells contained
+in the tower is inscribed "Sancte Johannes Baptiste ora pro nobis;" on
+the tower are the arms of Lyons, in stone. Amongst several painted figures
+and coats of arms on the glass of the windows, are the portraits of
+Edward IV. and his Queen, Elizabeth Widville. Here are several handsome
+monuments, but that of Sir Richard Choke and his lady is eminently
+magnificent and beautiful. Ashton Court, the manor house, originally
+founded by the Lyons family, but materially altered by Inigo Jones,
+occupies the S.E. slope of Ashton Down, and the remains of another old
+manor house, called the Lower Court, still stands in a valley to the S.W.
+of the village.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton-under-Lyne[A]</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Mottram</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>33597</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashton-in-Mackerfield[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap </td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'> Newton </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Prescot </td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'>196 </td><td align='right'> 5912</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashton-upon-Mersey</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>184</td><td align='right'>2078</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE is a large town situated at the south-eastern
+extremity of the county. It consists of several narrow streets,
+built on a high bank, which rises from the river Tame. It appears from
+an ancient manuscript, that Ashton was formerly a borough, yet for
+some centuries it sent no members to Parliament; but, by the Reform Bill
+of 1832, it now returns one member, and the mayor of the town is the
+returning officer. The borough comprises the whole district, over which
+the lighting and paving act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. extends. A
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Court of Requests
+for the recovery
+of &pound;5. Defendants
+may be followed.</span>
+
+
+court is held here for the recovery of debts, not exceeding five pounds, by
+48th Geo. III. c. 18; any person may sue, under the general regulations,
+and defendants sued elsewhere are to have their costs. Defendants removing
+out of the jurisdiction, may be followed in person and goods, by removing
+the record to the superior courts, but wagers, &amp;c. are not recoverable.
+The principal part of the landed property of this parish belongs to the Earl
+of Stamford, in whose family it was conveyed, by the marriage of Sir
+William Booth to the daughter of Sir Thomas Asheton, whose family possessed
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The lord of
+the manor
+possessed a
+power of
+life and
+death.</span>
+
+
+some peculiar privileges in this manor: among which was, the
+power of life and death over their tenantry. In commemoration of this
+privilege, and its having been sometimes exercised, a field near the old
+hall is still called Gallows Meadow. There is also an ancient custom
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Custom of
+riding the
+black lad.</span>
+
+
+here, called "riding the black lad," celebrated every Easter Monday, to
+perpetuate some act of great tyranny exercised by Sir Ralph Asheton, in
+1483, when vice-constable of England. The ceremony consists in exhibiting
+the effigies of a man on horseback through the streets, which is
+afterwards suspended on the cross in the market place, and there shot.
+The figure was formerly cased in armour, and the expenses of it were
+defrayed by the court. Another account of the origin of this custom
+states, that Thomas Asheton, in the reign of Henry III., particularly distinguished
+himself at the battle of Neville's Cross, and bore away the
+standard from the Scotch King's tent. For this heroic deed the King
+conferred on Ashton the honour of Knighthood, who, on his arrival at
+his manor instituted the custom described. At the village of Fairfield, in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Moravian
+settlement.</span>
+
+
+this parish, there is a Moravian settlement, who have erected a chapel for
+their followers. The males are principally employed in spinning and
+weaving: they form a very industrious and orderly community. On the
+western side of the town is Ashton Moss, which supplies the poor with
+peat turf. Oak and fir trees are frequently found by those who dig for
+the peat.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 23, April 29, July 25, and November 21, for horned
+cattle, horses, and toys.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Buckley, Roberts, and Co.; draw in London on Jones,
+Lloyd, and Co.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Commercial Hotel.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHTON. This village is generally called Ashton in Makerfield, or
+Ashton in the Willows; it enjoys a very pleasant situation on the road
+between Newton and Wigan. The hardware and cotton manufactories
+give employment to the inhabitants. The church is a large old building,
+part of which appears to have been erected by the lords of the manor. On
+the pews are some ancient carvings; and in the windows are exhibited
+some painted figures. Several of the Ashtons lie interred here, and their
+names are inscribed on the windows. Near the church is a curious mansion,
+called the Old Hall, the oldest parts of which are said to have been built
+in 1483; adjoining this stands a pile, which was formerly used as a prison.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton-Steeple[A]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; ti</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Trowbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Melksham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>1754</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Ashton, West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>374</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Ashurst</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Tunbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tunbr. Wells</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Groombridge</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Ashurst</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Henfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>W. Grinstead</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>423</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ashwater</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Holsworthy</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Launceston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>209</td><td align='right'>862</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Ashwell[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Baldock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>1072</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Ashwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cottesmere</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>209</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashwell-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Attleburgh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>471</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Ashwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Shepton Mall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>995</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Ashwicken</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Castle Rising</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>80</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Ashwood</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dudley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wolverhamp.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>....</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Ashworth</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>294</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aske</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>235</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASHTON, or STEEPLE ASHTON is remarkable for its lofty and
+elegant church, which was built about the year 1480, though the chapels
+and a part of the chancel appear of a still earlier date. The tower which
+is high and handsome, was formerly surmounted by a spire or steeple,
+whence the village had its distinctive appellation. An inscription informs
+us that, in the year 1670, the spire being in height 93 feet above the tower,
+was rent by a violent thunder storm, and that in the same year, being
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The church
+steeple
+twice
+thrown
+down by
+storms.</span>
+
+
+almost re-erected, it was by a second storm again destroyed. The roof of
+the nave is formed by intersecting arches, which rest on canopied niches,
+adorned with whole length figures or flowers; and that of the aisles is
+profusely decorated with sculpture and tracery work, while the windows
+display some splendid remains of painted glass, the whole corresponding
+with the exterior in style and effect. Plot informs us that there was dug
+up at Steeple Ashton, a pavement, which he considered to be Roman,
+though different in materials and design from those commonly regarded as
+such. The Madrepore stone is found among the fossil productions of
+Ashton. Rowd Ashton, the seat of Richard Godolphin Long, Esq., is
+situated in a large and well wooded park. The Kennet and Avon canal
+from London to Bristol passes near this village.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASHWELL. This village, situate on the river Rhee, on the borders
+of Cambridgeshire, derives its present name from Escewelle, and is supposed
+by Camden to be of Roman origin, from the frequent discovery of
+Roman coins, and sepulchral urns, in an adjacent earthwork, or fortification,
+called Arbury banks. It is in a low situation on the northern
+edge of the county. Here a considerable spring breaks out from
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Powerful
+spring
+oozing from
+a rock.</span>
+
+
+a rocky bank overhung with lofty ash-trees, from which a continued
+quantity of water flows, and being quickly collected into one channel, turns
+a mill, and soon after becomes a river. From this spring and these ash-trees,
+it is supposed the Saxons gave it the name of Ashwell. The village
+was anciently a demesne of the Saxon kings; but before the time of
+Edward the Confessor, it was granted to the Abbots of St. Peter's, at
+Westminster, to whom it continued to belong till the dissolution, when
+the Abbey was erected into a deanery, and after that into a bishopric; it,
+however, followed the fate of similar foundations; and when the bishopric
+was dissolved, in the reign of Edward VI., it was granted, with other
+manors, to the see of London, in which it is still invested. The church
+consists of a nave, aisle, and chancel, with a tower at the west-end, surmounted
+by a spire. In the chancel are several slabs, formerly inlaid with
+brasses. Among the inscriptions, Weever notices one with the words,
+"Orate pro&mdash;Walter Sommoner." "I reade," says Weever, "that one
+Walter Sumner held the manor of Ashwell of the King, by pettie sergeantie;
+viz. to find the king spits to rost his meate upon the day of his
+coronation: and John Sumner, his sonne, held the same manor by
+service, to turne a spit in the king's kitchen upon the day of his coronation."</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Askerne or Askeron[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ferry-bridge </td><td align='right'>8 </td><td align='left'>Snaith </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>169 </td><td align='right'> 256</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Askerswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Abbotsbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'>228</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Askerton[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>316</td><td align='right'>473</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Askham</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Gamston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>329</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Askham[C]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Westmor</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lowther</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>280</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Askham Bryan</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>341</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Askham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>234</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Askrigg[D]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hawes</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>737</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASKERNE. This village is one of the numerous places in the West
+Riding, which enjoys the distinction of a mineral spring. The water resembles
+that of Harrowgate Spa; but taken internally, differs materially in
+its operation, acting chiefly as a diuretic without any of that cathartic
+or purgative power, for which the Harrowgate waters are so remarkable.
+The village is situated at the foot of a hill; the spring rises at the distance
+of a few yards only from a piece of water called Askerne Pool, seven acres
+in extent, and is much frequented by rheumatic or scorbutic patients, who
+seldom fail to obtain the relief which they seek. Near this place it is
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Saxon
+leader Hengist
+put to
+death.</span>
+
+
+said the British Prince Ambrosius defeated and put to death the fierce
+Saxon leader Hengist.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASKERTON. At this village there is a castle which was built by
+the Barons Dacre. This well known name is derived from the exploits of
+one of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard
+C&oelig;]ur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The
+first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the same
+name, and are ancestors to the present Lord Dacre. The other family, descended
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of Lord
+Dacre.</span>
+
+
+from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the North, and
+were Barons of Gillesland and Graystock. A chieftain of the latter branch
+was warden of the West Marshes, during the reign of Edward VI. He
+was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some particulars
+of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of his
+behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. The castle was formerly
+garrisoned by the Serjeant of Gillesland, who sometimes commanded and
+led the inhabitants against the Scots.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ASKHAM. This place consists of two manors. The hall, built in
+1574, on the river Lowther, has an embattled roof, and a sombre aspect
+well suited to the gloom of the surrounding scenery. Several remarkable
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Druid's
+Cross.</span>
+
+
+heaps of stones, among which, one is called the Druid's Cross, are in this
+neighbourhood; and also a large cairn, called the White-raise.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Lowther 1&frac12; miles distant 2.30 morning; departs 8 evening.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[D] ASKRIGG. This ancient market town is situated near the river Ure
+and Swaledale Forest: it resembles a large village, and the occupations of
+the inhabitants are principally the knitting of stockings and making butter
+or cheese. It is remarkable, chiefly, for some considerable cataracts in its
+neighbourhood: as Millgill Force, a fall of from twenty to thirty yards;
+Whitfields Force, a grand specimen of the picturesque; and Hardrow
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cataract
+100 feet in
+height.</span>
+
+
+Force, where the water falls in one grand sheet from a perpendicular
+height of one hundred feet. This town is one of the polling places appointed
+under the Reform Bill of 1832, for the North Riding.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, May 10, horned cattle; May 12, and first Thursday in June,
+woollen cloth, pewter, brass, and milliners' goods; October 28, horned cattle; October 29,
+woollens, &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Askwith</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>400</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aslackby[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bourn</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Corby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>455</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aslacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Stratton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Diss</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Aslacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aspall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Aspal Stoneham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>633</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aspatria[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Cockermouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Allonby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>761</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aspedon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Puckeridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>560</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Aspley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stone</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>26</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Aspley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Henley-in Ar.</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Aspley Guise</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ampthill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wavenden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'>1014</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aspull</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>203</td><td align='right'>2464</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Asselby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>178</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Assendon[C]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Henley-on-T.</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Nettlebed</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] ASLACKBY. In this village, which is on the direct road from
+London to Lincoln, there was a commandery, or associated body of Knights
+Templars, founded in the time of Richard I., by John le Mareshall. It
+afterwards served for the hospitallers, and at the suppression of this society,
+the property was transferred to Edward, Lord Clinton. A farm-house,
+which now occupies the site of the old circular church, is called the
+temple. Of that ancient structure there yet remains a square embattled
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+village.</span>
+
+
+tower of two stories. The lower story is vaulted, and formed of eight
+groins, in the centre of which is displayed eight shields, and various coats
+of arms. The parish church is a handsome building, with an embattled
+tower at the west end. A castle formerly stood here, but no vestiges of
+the walls can now be seen: remnants, however, of the foss and earthworks
+point out the spot where it was situated.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 7.40 morn.; departs 6.45 evening.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] ASPATRIA, or ASPATRIC, is a long straggling village on the side
+of a hill, about five miles distant from the Irish sea. It now forms part
+of the estate of the Earl of Egremont, but is supposed to have derived its
+name from Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar. On removing the earth of a
+barrow, which stood at Beacon-hill, an eminence about 200 yards to the
+north of the village, in the year 1790, a human skeleton was found in a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Prodigious
+skeleton, 7ft. from the
+head to the
+ancle-bone.</span>
+
+
+kind of chest, or kistvaen, formed by two large cobblestones at each end,
+and the same on each side. The feet were decayed and rotted off, but
+from the head to the ancle-bone, the skeleton measured seven feet. On
+exposure to the atmospheric air the other bones soon mouldered away.
+Near the shoulder, on the left side, was a broad sword five feet long, the
+guard of which was elegantly inlaid with silver flowers: a dirk, or dagger,
+lay on the right side; it was one foot and a half long, and the handle
+seemed to have been studded with silver. There were likewise found part
+of a golden fibula, or buckle, a broken battle-axe, an ornament for the end
+of a belt, a part of which yet remained, part of a spur, and a bit resembling
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+relics found.</span>
+
+
+modern snaffle. Various figures, rudely sculptured, remained on
+the stones which enclosed the left side of the chest; they chiefly represented
+circles, each having within a cross in relief. Hayman Rooke, Esq., the
+learned antiquary, from whose account the above particulars are taken,
+supposed that the personage whose remains were found was buried soon
+after the first dawning of Christianity; and also, inferred from the rich
+ornaments found in the tomb, that he was a chieftain of high rank.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] ASSENDON. At this township is a land spring, reputed the most
+eminent of its kind in England. The water only appears after a continuance
+of wet weather, but then issues forth in such abundance, that
+mills might be turned by the current, and the adjacent lowlands are inundated.
+This spring has been supposed by some to act on the principle
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Wonderful
+spring.</span>
+
+
+of a natural syphon, and to be supplied from subterranean sources; but
+this is evidently erroneous, as the seasons of its flowing are uniformly after
+heavy rains.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Assington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Neyland</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hadleigh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>641</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Asson-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Astbury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>14637</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Asterby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>M. Raisin.</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>231</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Asthall[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Witney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Charlbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>352</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Astley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'>1832</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Astley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>0</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>239</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Astley[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>340</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Astley[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Kiddermins</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>849</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASTBURY, or AUSTBURY, is an extensive village and contains
+several gentlemen's seats. The church is a handsome gothic structure,
+with a lofty steeple. In the church yard are two ancient monuments,
+ornamented with the insignia of knighthood, but the names of the families
+whose memories they were intended to record are now lost. The parish
+of Astbury contains no less than twelve townships, of which the market
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Contains 12
+townships.</span>
+
+
+town of Congleton is one. Each of these townships has its overseer and
+other officers, but the whole parish is under the government of one church-warden,
+the office of which is served in rotation by eight persons, vulgarly
+denominated the "Posts of the Parish;" though they should properly
+be called Provosts.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] ASTHALL. At this village is an old manorial mansion, now used
+as a farm-house, which was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones,
+one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Charles
+the First. In the north aisle of the church stands a large stone coffin,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Alice
+Corbett.</span>
+
+
+said to contain the remains of Alice Corbett, concubine to Henry I.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 5 morning; departs 9.35 evening.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] ASTLEY. This manor was held, in the reign of Henry II., by Philip
+de Estley, of the Earl of Warwick, by the service of holding the Earl's
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Singular
+tenure.</span>
+
+
+stirrup when he mounted or alighted from his horse. From this person
+are descended two families, seated at Hill Morton, in this county, and at
+Patshull, in Staffordshire. In the reign of Henry V. the estate passed
+by marriage to the Greys of Ruthin, from whom it descended to Henry
+Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in the reign of
+Queen Mary, for an attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen. The manor
+belongs at present to F.P. Newdigate, Esq. Astley Castle is surrounded
+by a moat, along the inner edge of which lie the remains of massive walls.
+The habitable part of the mansion is probably not older than the time of
+Mary; but it is clad in a garb of ivy, and other evergreens, which renders
+it singularly picturesque. In one room is preserved a portrait of the
+factious Suffolk, respecting whose capture the following particulars are
+related:&mdash;"Finding that he was forsaken, he put himself under the trust
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lord Suffolk
+betrayed by
+his keeper.</span>
+
+
+of one Underwood, as it is said, a keeper of his park here at Astley, who
+hid him for some few days in a large hollow tree, standing about two
+bow-shots from the church; but, being promised a reward, he betrayed
+him." The church of Astley having been made collegiate, by Lord
+Thomas de Astley, was by him rebuilt, and adorned with a spire, so lofty
+that it served as a land-mark in the deep wood-lands of the district, and
+was popularly termed "The lanthorn of Arden."&mdash;The interior is curious
+and interesting, although many monuments and decorations have been
+removed or destroyed at various times. On an altar-tomb at the west-end
+are the effigies, in alabaster, of a warrior and a lady; and on another, is the
+mutilated figure of a female in a recumbent posture: both are without
+inscription.</p>
+
+
+<p>[D] ASTLEY. This village is situated on the Severn, it was noted before
+the dissolution, for its priory of Benedictines, and is now remarkable chiefly
+for a hermitage formed in the living rock, and recently converted into an
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Hermitage.</span>
+
+
+ale-house. The church, built in the Saxon style of architecture, contains
+some monuments and a few fragments of stained glass. Here is the ancient
+seat called Glasshampton.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Astley Abbots</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>M. Wenlock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>666</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Ivinghoe</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leighton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>406</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>409</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>197</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Tideswell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Castleton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Derwent</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>104</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Hawarden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>197</td><td align='right'>237</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Wigmore</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>56</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Aston[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Welwyn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>494</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bishop's Cas.</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>161</td><td align='right'>84</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Witney</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bampton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ensham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>699</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Aston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>277</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Aston[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>32118</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aston[C]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Maltby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>564</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASTON. The village and manor of Aston was an ancient demesne
+of the Saxon kings. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir John Boteler,
+of Walton Wood Hall; but the house now standing at Aston Place, indicates
+earlier antiquity than the time of that sovereign. Westward of the village,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The six
+hills.</span>
+
+
+on the eastern side of the great North road, are six large barrows, thought
+to be of Danish origin; from their immediate proximity to the road-side
+they excite the curiosity and attention of most persons travelling northward:
+two of them have been opened, but were not found to contain any
+thing of sufficient interest to be here recorded.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ASTON is in the Birmingham division of the Hundred of Hemlingford.
+It may be deemed a part of Birmingham, being inhabited chiefly by
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Part of
+Birmingham.</span>
+
+
+artisans in the various branches of manufacture for which that
+town is distinguished. Aston Hall, the seat of Heneage Legge, Esq.,
+was first erected by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart. in the reign of James I. It
+was several times plundered during the troubles of his successor, who was
+entertained here for two nights a short time before the battle of Edgehill,
+which occurred on October 23, 1642, between the Royalists and the
+Parliamentary forces. Sir T. Holt endowed an alms-house for five poor
+men and women in this parish.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ASTON, is a parish and township with Aughton, in the wapentake
+of Strafforth and Tickhill. In the church, which is dedicated to All Saints,
+is an ancient monument, under which lie buried Lord D'Arcy and his
+three wives. There is also a marble slab to the memory of the poet
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The poet
+Mason's
+monument.</span>
+
+
+Mason, who was rector of this parish. This distinguished poet was the
+son of a clergyman in Yorkshire, in which county he was born in the
+year 1725. He became a student of St. John's College, Cambridge, and
+subsequently a fellow of Pembroke Hall, in the same university. His
+debut in the literary world was made by the publication of "Isis," a poem,
+in which he satirized the Jacobitish and High Church principles of the
+University of Oxford. A reply was written by Thomas Warton, entitled
+"The Triumph of Isis." In 1752 he published a tragedy with choral
+odes on the ancient Greek model, called "Elfrida." Having taken orders
+in the church, he was presented with the living of Aston, and appointed
+one of the royal chaplains. In 1759 appeared his "Caractacus," a drama
+on a kindred plan with the former. Both of these pieces were afterwards
+introduced on the stage, they however met with very little success. In
+1762, Mr. Mason was made precentor of York, to which preferment a
+canonry was annexed. One of his principal works, entitled "The English
+Garden," a poem, in four books, appeared in the years 1772, 1777,
+1779, and 1781. 4to.; this was translated into French and German. In
+1775 he published the exquisite poems of his friend Gray, with a Memoir
+of his Life. At the beginning of the American War, Mr. Mason became
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An advocate
+for freedom
+dismissed
+from his
+chaplainship.</span>
+
+
+so active an advocate for freedom, as to give offence at court, and he was
+in consequence dismissed from his chaplainship. It is said he felt alarmed
+at the frightful consequences of the French Revolution, and his zeal
+cooled towards the latter end of his life. He died April 7, 1797.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston-Abbots</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>303</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-Blank</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Winchcomb</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>295</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Aston-Botterill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cleobury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>260</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Aston-Cantlow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>940</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston-Clinton[A]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ivinghoe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>1001</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Aston-Eyre</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>M. Wenlock</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>63</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Aston-Flamville</td><td align='right'>to &amp; p</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>1703</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston-Grange</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>36</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aston-Ingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newent</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>591</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aston on the Walls,</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>240</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Aston-Magna</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>254</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-Middle</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>121</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aston-Mondrum</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>168</td><td align='right'>159</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>305</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-Rowant</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>946</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aston-Sandford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>P. Risboro'</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-Somerville</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Winchcombe</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>103</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Aston-Steeple[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>562</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-Subege</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Campden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>103</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aston-Tirrold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>E. Illsley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Streatley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>50</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aston-upon-Carron</td><td align='right'>pa and ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Aston-upon-Trent</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>620</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aston-Upthorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>172</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Astrope, or Asthorpe[C]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Astwell[D]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Towcester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>118</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ASTON CLINTON is in the first division of Aylesbury hundred. The
+manor was the property of the late Lord Lake, who died in 1808, during
+the trial of General Whitelock, who was cashiered for his misconduct at
+Buenos Ayres at the commencement of that year. At St. Leonard's, a
+hamlet of this parish, about four miles from Aston church, is an ancient
+chapel, said to have been a chantry chapel to the Abbey of Missenden. It
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Monument
+of one of
+Queen
+Anne's
+officers.</span>
+
+
+contains, among other monuments, that of General Cornelius Wood, an
+officer who distinguished himself in the reign of Queen Anne, and who
+died in 1712. It is ornamented with a bust of the general in white
+marble, surrounded with military trophies. This chapel is endowed
+with an estate, vested in ten trustees, who have the appointment of the
+minister.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] STEEPLE ASTON. At this village, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal
+of Brazennose College, Oxford, and rector of this church, founded a free
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dr. Samuel
+Radcliffe.</span>
+
+school in 1640, and endowed it with ten pounds per annum; he died in
+the year 1648, and is buried in the church. He also endowed an alms-house
+for poor women in this parish. A tessalated pavement was ploughed
+up here in the 17th century.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ASTROPE. This hamlet is in the parish of King's Sutton. The
+village is worthy of remark, from the church having a tower crowned
+with a handsome and lofty spire, decorated with crocketed pinnacles.
+Here is a remarkably fine mineral spring, called St. Rumbald's Well, which
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A mineral
+spring famous
+for curing
+consumption,
+jaundice, &amp;c.</span>
+
+
+was formerly in considerable repute. When drank at the fountain head,
+the water is considered a specific in cases of female obstructions, and in
+the first and second stages of consumptions. In the jaundice it seldom
+fails; and in dropsical cases is frequently administered with success. Persons
+whose constitutions have been weakened by free living, find themselves
+renovated by its virtues. The water has a brisk pleasant taste, and
+is very clear and spirituous. Astrope Hall was formerly the residence of
+the Lord Chief Justice Willes.</p>
+
+
+<p>[D] ASTWELL. In this hamlet is an ancient mansion, formerly the
+seat of the Earl of Ferrers. Several of the rooms exhibit in the wainscot
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of Earl
+Ferrers</span>
+
+and chimney pieces, armorial bearings and other carved decorations. A
+dilapidated room at the east end was formerly a chapel.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Astwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Shefford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Baldock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>40</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Astwood</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Newport Pag</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Olney</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>268</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aswarby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aswardby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>80</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Atcham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Acton Burn.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Shiffnal</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>149</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Atch-Lench</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Athan, St.[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>312</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Athelampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>79</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Athelington, or Allington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>129</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Athelney, Isle of</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Atherington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>S. Molton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>592</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Atherstone[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sheepy</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>3870</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ST. ATHAN. In this village is a castle, called East Orchard, built in
+the year 1691, by Roger Berkrols; it stands on the edge of an extensive
+flat: a luxuriant wild fig tree grows out of the cement of the chapel walls.
+Perhaps the Turkey fig tree might be propagated with more success,
+grafted upon this wildling, which probably originated in the cultivated fig
+planted in the gardens of the Norman lords. In St. Athan's church there
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The largest
+inhabited
+castle in
+Wales.</span>
+
+
+are two uncommonly fine gothic monuments of the Berkrol's family: there
+are likewise in this parish the remains of two castles&mdash;West Orchard and
+Castleton; but these are not of such great antiquity. From this spot there
+is a good view of Fonmore, or Fronmon Castle, which is the most extensive
+and august of the Welch inhabited castles. The kitchen is said to be
+the largest in the kingdom. In Fronmon castle is an excellent portrait of
+Oliver Cromwell. The flat and steep-holms are seen from this neighbourhood:
+the former has its light-house. It is situated nearly ten miles from
+the sea lock of the canal, and three miles from the adjacent steep-holms,
+which is a smaller island than the former, though more conspicuous from
+its great height above the water; it is quite barren and uninhabited. The
+flat holms at low tide is an extensive sheet of mud, excepting one deep
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Account of
+the dangerous
+beach.</span>
+
+
+channel. The landing place is near the castle rock, a dangerous, but
+romantic beach, so called from its similarity to a castle, it is very large, and
+is said to resemble Abergavenny castle. In the centre is a bold arch, which
+at high water is covered. The hollow sound of the sea roaring through
+the arch, and the waves occasionally retreating, and then forcing their
+way back with redoubled fury, has an uncommonly fine effect. At low tide
+the shore all around the base is dry. The island is four or five miles in
+circumference; the soil is good, and would, if well cultivated, be very
+productive. From the light-house, which is 80 feet in height, is a delightful
+prospect of the Bristol Channel and the shores of Somerset and
+Glamorgan. It is the resort of many visitors in the summer season.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ATHERSTONE. This market town is supposed to have derived its
+name from "a stone" under which an "adder" of enormous size was
+found; it is situated on the Watling Street, and divided from Leicestershire
+by the river Anker, and was a place of some importance at the Conquest:
+at which time the town was given to the monks of Bee in Normandy,
+who obtained for it a market day and an annual fair, which
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Some foreign
+monks
+obtained
+this market.</span>
+
+
+brought it into consequence. A monastery of friars, (Hermits of Saint
+Augustine,) was founded at Atherstone in the year 1375. The church
+belonging to the friary was completed in the reign of Richard II. A free
+grammar school was founded here by Sir William Devereux and two other
+benevolent persons in the year 1573. The chancel of the friary church
+was appropriated to the use of this seminary, and is still dedicated to the
+same purpose. The mansion, or hall house was sometime after separated
+from the chapel, and rebuilt at a short distance upon a pleasant bank,
+commanding an extensive view over the adjacent counties of Leicester,
+Derby, and Stafford. Two nights before the battle of Bosworth Field
+(which is but nine miles distant), the Duke of Richmond lay at Atherstone,
+where he had his interview with the two Stanley's, in which such
+measures of co-operation were concerted as occasioned the overthrow of
+King Richard III., and it is said, that many persons from the subsequent
+battle were buried below this old mansion, from which the spot has retained
+the name of the bloody bank. It appears, however, to have been
+so called from being the place where contests of less serious results were
+usually decided by the young champions of the ancient foundation school,
+which is still supported by a respectable endowment. Atherstone Hall has
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Atherstone
+Hall.</span>
+
+
+recently been much improved by extended buildings and ornamental plantations.
+It is situated near Merevale Hall, the seat of D.S. Dugdale, Esq.,
+and Grendon Hall, that of Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart. Here are manufactories
+of hats, ribbons, and shalloons, and considerable business is done at the
+four annual fairs; that in September being the most considerable in England
+for the sale of cheese. The passage of the Coventry canal, uniting
+with that of the Trent and Mersey, within a hundred yards of the town,
+adds very considerably to its facilities of trading. The poet Drayton,
+author of the "Polyolbion," was a native of Atherstone.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 7, for horses, cows, and sheep; July 18, holyday; September
+19, for horses, cows, and cheese; December 4, for horses and fat cattle.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives
+8.41 A.M.; departs 5.36 P.M.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Red Lion, and Three Tuns.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, W. and J.H.
+Chapman; draw upon Spooner and Co.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Atherstone-upon-Stour</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Campden</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>87</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Atherton, or Chowbents</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wigan</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>4181</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Atlow</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>517</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Atpar</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carmarthen</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Attenborough[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>1094</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Atterly</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Mar. Rising</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Attercliffe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>3741</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Atterton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Attington</td><td align='right'>ex. p.ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Tetsworth</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Thame</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Attleborough[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; p</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>1939</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ATTENBOROUGH. This village, supposed to be the ancient Attenton,
+lies nearly on the banks of the river Trent. Its church is large, and also
+well filled: it serves for Chilwell, Toueton, and part of Bramcote. This
+place is remarkable, for having given birth to Henry Ireton, the regicide,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birth-place
+of the regicide,
+son-in-law
+of Oliver
+Cromwell.</span>
+
+son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was the eldest son of Gervase Ireton,
+Esq., and brother to Sir John Ireton, Lord Mayor of London in 1658.
+He was a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, in 1629, and
+at the age of 19 he took one degree in Arts. Wood tells us, that he had
+the character in that college of a stubborn and saucy fellow towards the
+seniors. Afterwards he went to the Middle Temple, where he became
+grounded in the common law. When the rebellion broke out he took
+up arms against the king, was a recruiter in the long parliament, and
+about that time married Bridget, one of the daughters of Cromwell, then
+only colonel of a regiment. He became first a captain, afterwards
+colonel, and at length commissary-general, in 1645. He is said to have
+been the best prayer-maker and preacher in the whole army. He drew
+up the famous remonstrance requiring justice to be done on their
+sovereign. He sat as judge on the king's trial, and was one of the committee
+that appointed the time and place of execution. In Cromwell's
+expedition to Ireland, he was appointed second in command, with the
+rank of major-general, and was afterwards made president of Munster;
+being left as deputy by Cromwell, in 1649, he died the next year of a sudden
+disorder at Limerick. On his death, the parliament settled a pension
+of &pound;2000. per annum on his widow and children, out of the estates of the
+Duke of Buckingham.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] ATTLEBOROUGH, or ATTLEBURGH. This small market town
+was formerly a place of considerable consequence. During the Saxon era
+it was a post of strength and served as a check to the Danes in their predatory
+incursions. Its fortifications are said to have been conspicuous in
+the time of Henry II. Attleborough formerly belonged to the Mortimers;
+from them it passed to the Ratcliffe family, of whom it was purchased by
+Sir Francis Blickley, Bart., whence it came into possession of the family
+of Ash. A college, dedicated to the Holy Cross, was founded here in the
+reign of Richard II., by Sir Robert de Mortimer, for a custos and four
+fellows. The church, with the east end is entire; it is in the collegiate
+form, and consists of a large nave with aisles and a north and south
+transept; it contains the monuments of many persons of distinction. On
+a flat stone in the nave is an inscription to the memory of Captain John
+Gibbs, a celebrated horse racer and gamester, in the reign of Charles I.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Anecdote of
+Captain J.
+Gibbs.</span>
+
+
+This person having laid a wager that he would drive his carriage and
+four horses up and down the steepest place of the Devil's Ditch, on Newmarket
+Heath, succeeded in winning the bet, by making a very light
+chaise, with a jointed perch, and without any pole. It is worthy of
+remark, that the first turnpike road in the kingdom, was made at Attleborough,
+by an Act passed for that purpose in 1707.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Thursday before Easter; Thursday after Holy Trinity; August
+15, for cattle and Toys.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 7.27 A.M.; departs 6.38 P.M.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Attleborough</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Attlebridge</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>117</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Atwicke</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>E.R.York</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>285</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Auborn</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Navenby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>356</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Auckland, St. Andrew[A]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Bp. Auckland</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>248</td><td align='right'>11137</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Auckland, St. Helen</td><td align='right'>ch</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Auckland, West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>1106</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Audley End[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Chesterford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Audlem</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Woore</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>2978</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ST. ANDREWS, AUCKLAND. This place is celebrated for the
+church having been made collegiate by Bishop Beck, although it is probable
+there was some foundation here before the time of that prelate.
+The edifice is situated on a rising ground, in a valley near the banks of the
+river Gaunless, and has the form of a cross with a tower at the west end.
+In the inside is a curious wooden figure, said to be an effigy of one of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+effigy.</span>
+
+
+the family of Polland, which represents a knight sitting cross-legged and
+dressed in a coat of mail, with his hands raised and his feet resting on a
+lion.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] AUDLEY END is principally celebrated for its vicinity to Audley
+House, which was sold by the third Earl of Suffolk, to Charles II., for
+&pound;50,000., the king, however, left a great part of the sum on mortgage.
+The present mansion, though a large and magnificent structure, consists
+only of a small part of the original building, owing to its curtailment
+at various times. When in its perfect state, it was esteemed one
+of the most splendid and capacious mansions in the country; and, if not
+superior, was nearly equal to the palaces of Hampton Court, Nonsuch,
+and Richmond. At the time when it was first built, large, rather than
+comfortable or handsome houses were fashionable. Influenced by these sentiments,
+Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, (as Walpole observes,)
+determined to have "an immense pile of building," and &pound;190,000. was
+expended upon its erection. It is said that, when the house was finished,
+King James was invited to see it. Having surveyed the structure with
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Anecdote of
+James I.</span>
+
+
+great astonishment, the earl asked him "how he liked it?" "Very well,"
+replied James, "but troth man," continued he sarcastically, "it is too
+much for a king, but it may do for a Lord High Treasurer." An elegant
+domestic chapel, constructed by the late Lord Howard, occupies the north
+west corner of the house. It is fitted up with clustered columns, pointed
+arches, and fan like tracery; and, in imitation of a cathedral, it has a
+nave, side-aisles and transepts. The windows are filled with painted
+glass, by Pickett of York, who executed them in 1771, from Biaggio
+Rebecca's designs.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, August 5, for cheese.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+ cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Audley</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>3617</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aughton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>K. Lonsdale</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>199</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Aughton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Prescott</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>1462</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Aughton[A]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>665</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Aughton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aukborough[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>467</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Aukley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ault-Hucknall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bolsover</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>618</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aunsby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>117</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]</td><td align='right'>ti. &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Thornbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] AUGHTON. This village is chiefly distinguished for having been
+the seat of an ancient and respectable family long since extinct, or dispersed.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Once the
+seat of Sir
+Robert
+Aske.</span>
+
+
+The Askes, who succeeded the family of Hai, resided here from
+about the year 1365, till the reign of Charles I., when the head of the
+family was one of the judges of that unfortunate monarch. Of this family,
+also, was Sir Robert Aske, a man of daring and enthusiastic courage,
+possessing considerable talents, who headed the insurrection called "the
+Pilgrimage of Grace," in the days of Henry VIII. Of the family seat,
+nothing remains but the site, marked by several moats.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] AUKBOROUGH. Dr. Stukely having discovered a Roman castrum
+and a vicinal road here, supposed it to be the Aquis of Ravennas. The
+Roman station is square, each side 300 feet; the entrance is at the north,
+and the west side faces the steep cliff that over-hangs the Trent. The
+situation of this castle at the north-west angle of Lincolnshire, renders it
+a kind of watch tower over Nottingham and Yorkshire, which it surveys.
+The camp is now called "Countess Close," and tradition speaks of a
+Countess of Warwick having resided here. The vallum and ditch are
+nearly entire; a square plat called the "Oreen," is supposed to have
+been appropriated for the soldiers when on duty. Within this is a round
+walk into a labyrinth, called Julian's Bower; these bowers are usually
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Julian's
+bower.</span>
+
+
+found in the neighbourhood of Roman towns, and are objects of great
+curiosity to uninformed people. Dr. Stukeley is of opinion that they
+were the arena of some of their ancient games, brought into Italy from
+Troy, and that they derived their name from "borough," any work consisting
+of ramparts of earth, and not from "bower" an arbour. The
+views in this neighbourhood are very beautiful; the winding Trent with
+its rich level plains of meadow, all alive with herds of cattle; the cliff,
+commanding a noble view of the three rivers; the hanging woods and
+ornamented walks, all form a great contrast to what Lincolnshire is often
+represented by those who have visited only the fenny parts of this fertile
+county.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] AUST, or AUST CLIVE. Here is a celebrated ferry over the Severn
+into South Wales. The Propr&aelig;tor, Ostorius Scapula, was accustomed to
+ferry his legions over near this place. In the time of Edward the Elder,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Celebrated
+passage into South
+Wales.</span>
+
+
+who was lying here with his army, Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, was stationed
+at Beachley, on the opposite bank. Llewellyn, who was required
+to pay homage to the English Sovereign, refused to cross the passage; but
+Edward immediately crossing in a boat, was seen, as he approached the
+shore by Llewellyn, who, overcome by the condescension, rushed into the
+water, and taking the monarch upon his shoulders, carried him to land,
+and did him homage for the principality. The Severn is here nearly two
+miles across.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Austell, or St. Austle[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Truro</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Lostwithiel</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Grampound</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>243</td><td align='right'>8758</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austerfield</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>280</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Austerson</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frodsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>69</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] ST. AUSTELL is a considerable market town, which belongs to
+the north-eastern division of the county, and is one of the polling
+places. The petty sessions of the hundred of Powder are held here.
+Considerable quantities of corn and other articles are brought to the
+market. The town is seated on the eastern side of a hill which slopes
+gradually to a rivulet which runs along a narrow valley; this stream, and
+the inequality of the ground, have been rendered eminently useful to the
+manufactories of the neighbourhood. The water which has been conducted
+round the side of the hills, in its course impels the machinery of several
+stamping-mills, which have been erected on different levels. It is also
+employed to cleanse and separate the tin from the pounded mass. Through
+its vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth, St. Austell has within the
+last sixty or seventy years, considerably increased in the number of its
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Blackmore
+Court held
+here.</span>
+
+
+houses and inhabitants. The holding of the Blackmore Court here, which
+is the most considerable of the stannary courts, or courts relating to the
+tin works, have also contributed to augment its prosperity. The old town,
+or rather village, was at some little distance to the east, and its site is still
+marked by a few cottages; the present town is the regular thoroughfare for
+travellers from Plymouth to Falmouth; the streets are very narrow, and not
+having any pavement for foot passengers are somewhat unsafe. The only
+blowing houses in the county are at the east end of this town; they are three
+in number, and very spacious; the old smelting houses are supplied with
+coals, and are reverberatory; but in these blowing houses the fire is
+of charcoal, and ignited by air impelled through tubes by cylinders
+instead of bellows; this mode of fluxing the ore is considered by the workmen
+far preferable to the other. The inhabitants of this town, from its
+proximity to the sea, are principally employed in the pilchard fishery and
+in mining; there is however a small manufactory of serges. The parish
+church is a fine old fabric, consisting of three aisles; the tower and some
+other parts of the structure are fancifully ornamented; various carvings,
+monstrous heads, angels, and other figures appear on the cornices. From
+the repetition of the shovel, pick, hammers, and other tools, it seems
+probable that the miners were the principle contributors towards the expences
+of the building. In the year 1774, as some tinners were searching
+for tin in a stream work near the town, about seventeen feet under the
+surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is now used for
+wine at the Communion table, in which were several ancient pieces of
+gold and silver ornaments; they consisted of bracelets, rings, and buckles,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Silver cup
+found 17ft.
+under
+ground.</span>
+
+
+evidently for a person of high rank, with many of the most curious Saxon
+coins ever discovered at one time. All these articles fell out on moving
+the ground, and some were probably lost in shovelling out the rubbish;
+those which were picked up were dispersed about the country, and many
+of them broken. The celebrated Pentuan stone quarry, from which the
+materials of many churches and family seats have been taken, is in this
+parish. Polgooth mine (before mentioned) was considered the richest ever
+worked in England, and is situated about two miles south-west of the
+town. The surrounding country appears for many miles bleak, desolate,
+and barren, yet its bowels contain vast treasures; though, as a talented
+author has observed, "like the shabby mien of a miser, its aspect does
+not correspond with its hoards." The shafts by which the miners descend,
+and through which the ore is raised to the surface, are scattered over a
+considerable extent of sterile ground, whose dreary appearance, and the
+sallow countenances of the miners, concur to excite ideas of gloom, apprehension,
+and melancholy. The number of shafts is not less than fifty,
+from twenty to thirty of which are constantly in use. When a stranger
+is induced to descend, he is previously accoutred in a flannel shirt and
+trowsers, a close cap, an old hat to shelter his face from droppings, and a
+thick pair of shoes. A lighted candle is put into one hand, and a spare
+one suspended to a button of his jacket. Every part of the ordinary clothing
+is laid aside, and the flannel dress worn close to the skin, in order to
+absorb the profuse perspiration which the closeness of the mine or the
+labour of mounting the ladders may occasion.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Whit Thursday, and Nov. 30, for oxen, sheep, and cloth.&mdash;<i>Mail</i>
+arrives 12.35 afternoon; departs 10.27. morning.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austhorpe[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>150</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Austhwaite</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Ravenglass</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ulverston</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bootle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>283</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austonley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>1420</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Austrey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>540</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Austwick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ingleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hawes</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>614</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Authorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>121</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Avebury, or Abury[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>747</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Aveley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Purfleet</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>G. Thurrock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wennington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>758</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Avenbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>314</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Avening</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>M. Hampton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Horseley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>2396</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Averham[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Southwell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>182</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Aveton-Gifford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Modbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dartmouth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Kingsbridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>208</td><td align='right'>939</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] AUSTHORPE. This township gave birth to the celebrated civil
+engineer John Smeaton, distinguished as the architect of Eddystone Light-house,
+and, as the conductor of various other important undertakings. He
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birth-place
+of Smeaton
+the architect.</span>
+
+
+was the son of an attorney, who, observing that he had a strong taste for
+mechanics, wisely allowed him to follow the impulse of his genius, and
+become a mathematical instrument maker. He commenced business in
+that capacity, in Holborn, London, in 1750. His great undertaking&mdash;the
+erection of the light-house on the Eddystone rock, was accomplished
+in the year 1759, and it was executed in such a manner as almost to bid
+defiance to the power of time or accident. His death took place in his
+native village, September 8, 1792.&mdash;See Eddystone Light-house.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] AVEBURY or ABURY, is situated within the very area of a British
+temple, and claims the particular attention of the topographer and antiquary.
+The enclosure, which is formed by a wide and deep ditch, and a
+lofty external vallum, contains many large stones, some of which are erect,
+and the others lying on the ground. Southward of this place, at some
+distance, are other large stones, erect or prostrate; and, westward, are
+two others, erect. Several walls and houses of the village are constructed
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A British
+temple
+formed of
+enormous
+stones.</span>
+
+
+with broken masses of these ponderous monuments; yet enough remains
+to excite curiosity and prompt research. The following is a description
+of this great temple, in its original state:&mdash;Immediately within the ditch,
+and encompassing the whole area, was a continued series of large upright
+stones, consisting of one hundred in number; these stones were placed
+at the distance of twenty-seven feet from each other, and usually measured
+from fifteen to seventeen feet in height, and about forty feet in circumference.
+Within the area of this circle, the diameter of which was
+about 1400 feet, were two double circles; the exterior circles were about
+466 feet in diameter, and formed by thirty stones of similar dimensions
+equally distant from each other, as in the large enclosing circle. Of these
+singular stones there are but few remaining; but from the extraordinary
+dimension of these relics of antiquity, the traveller may judge for himself
+the correctness of our notice.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Beckhampton Inn, (1 mile distant,) at 5.20 morning; departs 9.45 night.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[C] AVERHAM. This place is principally remarkable for a monument
+contained in the church erected to the memory of Sir William Sutton,
+once lord of the manor, on which it is quaintly recorded that he had sixteen
+children, and an equal number of each sex; of whom the one half</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+"Ushered to heaven their father, and the other<br />
+Remained behind him to attend their mother."
+</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Avington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kintbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>191</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Avington[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>26</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malmsbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>226</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Avon Dassett</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Southam</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Awliscombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ottery St.M.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Collumpton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>598</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Awre</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Blakeney</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Berkeley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>1309</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Axbridge[C]</td><td align='right'>bo. m.t. &amp; p</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Chedder</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>998</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Axford</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ramsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Albourne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'>450</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] AVINGTON. Sir Francis Burdett is lord of this manor, and patron
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir Francis
+Burdett.</span>
+
+
+of the rectory. The church, which remains nearly in its original state,
+exhibits a curious specimen of Saxon architecture. Within the walls it
+measures 75 feet by 14 feet and a half. The nave is separated from the
+chancel by an arch richly ornamented by a zig-zag moulding, and a great
+variety of grotesque heads springing from two enriched piers; the arch is
+formed of the segments of two circles, each having different centres. In
+this church there is also a very singular font, of rude workmanship, surrounded
+with grotesque figures, executed in bass-relief; that is to say,
+sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in their
+full proportion.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] AVINGTON, anciently Abyngton, is remarkable for its beautiful
+park, the seat of Chandos Grenville, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Duke of
+Buckingham.</span>
+
+
+of the county of Bucks. The manor was originally a royal demesne,
+or estate in lands, and was given by king Edgar to the monastery of St.
+Swithin at Winchester, in the year 961; it continued in the possession
+of that house until the dissolution of monasteries, when it became the
+property of the clerks of Mitcheldever, (a village about five miles distant,)
+with whom it remained until the reign of Elizabeth; and then passed to the
+Bruges, or Brydges family, afterwards raised to the dukedom of Chandos.
+Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of Shrewsbury, married
+one of this family; her former husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury, died
+from a wound received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during
+the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to hold the horse of
+her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles the Second was frequently the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A seat of
+one of the
+paramours
+of Charles
+II.</span>
+
+
+guest of this notorious woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus
+became the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures. The mansion,
+which is mostly built of brick, has been greatly improved since it came
+into the possession of the present proprietor. It is situated in a well
+planted and secluded valley, nearly environed with high downs, which
+from their bare and open state, form a singular though not unpleasing
+contrast with the scenery immediately contiguous to the house. Several
+of the apartments are fitted up with great elegance, and enriched by a
+choice collection of valuable paintings.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] AXBRIDGE. This town is one of the polling places for the eastern
+division of the county of Somerset, but the court for the election of the
+Knights of the Shire is at Wells. The borough sent members to parliament
+during the reigns of the three first Edwards, but was afterwards
+excused on the plea of poverty. It consists chiefly of one street, winding
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A borough
+excused on
+a plea of
+poverty.</span>
+
+
+from east to west, about half a mile in length. The shambles and market
+are towards the east end. Although so small, it is governed by a corporation,
+consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten aldermen, and twenty-two
+burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and other officers. Knit
+hose are manufactured in this town. The church, occupying an eminence,
+near the market-house, is a large and handsome gothic structure, in the
+form of a cross. The cloth of the communion table is elegantly wrought
+in silk, by Mrs. Abigail, who employed seven years in completing it.
+This lady, and several of her family, have monuments in the church.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Feb 23, and March 25, for cattle, sheep,cheese, and toys.&mdash;<i>Mail</i>
+arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.0 morning.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Axminster[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Lyme Regis</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>2719</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Axmouth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Colyton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sidmouth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>646</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Aycliffe-Great</td><td align='right'>to &amp; p</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sedgfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>1564</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Aydon</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Aydon-Castle</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Aylburton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Blakeney</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Coleford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>388</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Aylesbear</td><td align='right'>to&amp;pa </td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Ottery, St.M.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Sidmouth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>1025</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury[B]</td><td align='right'>bo. m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Winslow</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Wendover</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>4907</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] AXMINSTER is very irregularly built, and the houses are inelegant,
+but the air of the town is reckoned highly salubrious. The petty sessions
+of the hundred of Axminster are held here. The lower orders are mostly
+employed in manufacturing carpets, leather breeches, gloves, &amp;c. The
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Trade.</span>
+
+
+manner of weaving carpets here is different from that pursued at most
+other places; the carpets being woven in the piece, and several hands employed
+at the same loom. The common patterns are flowers, roses, &amp;c.,
+though the Turkey and Persian carpets have been imitated with success.
+In many large pieces Roman tesselated pavements have been copied, which
+have produced a very rich effect. The tunnel between Charmouth and
+was opened in the month of January, 1832. This improvement
+is substantially constructed with an elliptic arch, capable of allowing two
+stage waggons of the largest size to pass on it, and is rather more than
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A remarkable
+tunnel
+through a
+lofty hill.</span>
+
+
+seventy yards in length. By the completion of this tunnel the longest
+and steepest hill between London and Exeter is avoided. A gentleman
+who visited the tunnel during the height of the ensuing summer, remarked
+the astonishing coolness which he felt within this hill's enclosed
+semi-cylinder; no sooner, however, had he left it, than he fainted from
+the difference of temperature between this subterraneous passage and that
+of the open air.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>. Saturday&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, St. Marks Day; April 30; Wednesday after June 24; Wednesday
+after Oct 10.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 1.20 afternoon; departs 12.51 afternoon.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] AYLESBURY. The &AElig;glesbury of the Saxons, is a considerable
+market town, situated near the centre of the county, rising gradually on
+all sides in a rich and extensive tract, denominating the "Vale of Aylesbury."
+Drayton in his Poly-Albion has the following lines descriptive
+of this celebrated vale:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Aylesbury's vale that walloweth in her wealth,<br />
+And (by her wholesome air continually in health)<br />
+Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>This was originally a strong British town, which maintained its independence
+till the year 571, when it was reduced by the West Saxons. In the
+year 600, it became famous as the burial place of St. Osyth, who was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">St. Osyth.</span>
+
+
+born at Quarrendon, two miles distance, and beheaded in Essex by the
+Pagans. Her relics were interred in this church, and are said to have
+performed many miracles; a religious house was founded in honour of
+William the Conqueror, who parcelled it out under the singular tenure:&mdash;that
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Singular
+tenure of
+this manor.</span>
+
+
+the tenants should find litter or straw for the king's bedchamber
+three times a year, if he came that way so often, and provide him with
+three eels in winter, and three green geese in summer. In the reign of
+Henry VIII., the manor was sold by Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wilts,
+father of Queen Anne Boleyn, to Sir John Baldwin, whose daughter took
+it in marriage to Robert Pakington, who was murdered in the year 1537,
+on account of his zeal for the reformed religion. It continued in this
+family till the year 1801, when it was sold by Sir John Pakington, Bart.,
+to the Marquis of Buckingham. How completely the manor and the town
+itself were in the possession of the Pakington family, will appear from the
+following remarkable letter preserved in the Chapel of the Rolls, among
+the returns of Parliament writs of the fourteenth of Queen Elizabeth:&mdash;"To
+all Christian people, to whom this present writing shall come: I,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Remarkable
+Parliamentary
+writ.</span>
+
+
+Dorothy Pakington, late wife of Sir John Pakington, lord and owner of
+the town of Aylesbury, send greeting. Know ye me, the said Dorothy
+Pakington, to have chosen, named, and appointed my trusty and well-beloved
+Thomas Litchfield, and George Burden, Esqrs., to be my burgesses
+of my said town of Aylesbury; and whatever the said Thomas
+and George, burgesses, shall do in the service of the Queen's Highness in
+the Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the 8th of May next ensuing
+the date hereof, I the same Dorothy Pakington do ratify and
+approve to be of my own act as fully and wholly as if I were witness or
+present there. In witness whereof, to these presents, I have set my seal,
+this 4th day of May, in the 14th year of the reign of my Sovereign Lady
+Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, Queen,
+&amp;c." Aylesbury was made a borough town by a charter of Queen Mary,
+in 1554. The Reform Bill has made no alteration in the number of members.
+The electors are those of the old constituency, consisting of freeholders
+of the hundred, and house-keepers not receiving alms; the
+freeholders of the hundred are estimated at 838; and the ten pound
+householders at 314; total 1152. The limits of the borough are unaltered,
+and the returning officers are the constables of the borough. The town is also
+one of the polling places for this county, which now returns three members.
+The county gaol is still at Aylesbury, but the Summer Assizes were restored
+to Buckingham, through the exertions of Lord Cobham and the Grenville
+family in the year 1758. The only manufacture at Aylesbury is that of
+lace-making: the weekly market is a very plentiful one for provision, and
+much business is done here at the annual fairs.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Friday after Jan. 18; Saturday before Palm Sunday; May 8;
+June 14; September 25; October 12, for cattle. <i>Bankers</i>, Rickford and Son, draw on Praed's
+and Co&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.40 morning; departs 2.19 morning.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, George, and White Hart.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Aylesby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>G. Grimsby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Aylesford[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Rochester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wrotham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>1301</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Aylestone</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>758</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aylmerton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aylsham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>284</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] AYLESFORD is seated on the banks of the Medway, by which the
+parish is divided. The church is so singularly situated, from being placed
+on a rising ground, that persons in the churchyard can almost look down
+the chimnies of the houses. The neighbourhood is famed as having been
+the spot where, we are told by ancient historians, a sanguinary battle was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The site of
+a Saxon
+battle.</span>
+
+
+fought in 445, between the Britons and Saxons; the conflict having
+taken place about five years after the first landing of the latter in Britain.
+It appears from our chronicles that Vortimer, then monarch of this island,
+having first defeated his enemies on the banks of the Darent, in Kent,
+pursued their routed forces to Aylesford; at which place the Saxons had
+passed to the eastern side of the Medway, where a most obstinate and
+bloody battle took place between the contending armies, when the fate of
+the day, having long remained undecided, at length terminated favourably
+for the Britons. In that decisive affair, Horsa, brother of Hengist, the
+Saxon chief, and Catigrinus, brother to King Vortimer, are said to have
+contended hand to hand, when both died bravely upon the spot. Horsa,
+if tradition may be credited, was interred about three miles north of Aylesford,
+at a spot still bearing the name of Horsted; that is to say, "the
+place of Horsa;" where, in the adjoining fields, large stones are still
+dispersed over the soil; some in erect positions, while others, from lapse
+of time, have been thrown down; being, there is little doubt, placed there
+as memorials of the Saxon warriors slain in that famous encounter.
+Prince Cartigrinus is supposed to have been inhumed still nearer the field
+of slaughter, on the summit of an acclivity, about one mile north of Aylesford,
+and a quarter of a mile west from the high road leading from Rochester
+to Maidstone; at which place, Kitt's Cotty House still stands, as
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Kitt's Cotty
+House.</span>
+
+
+represented in our engraving. This memorial consists of four large stones,
+of the pebble kind, two placed in the ground, being partly upright, forming
+two sides, a third standing in the middle between them, while the fourth,
+being the largest, is laid transversely over them, thus forming a covering.
+None of these stones bear the imprint of the chisel, or any sign whatsoever
+of manual labour. Alfred and Edmund Ironside defeated the Danes in
+this vicinity. Sir Charles Sedley, of poetical and dissolute notoriety, was
+a native of this place; as was also Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated eastern
+traveller.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Aylsham[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>2334</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aylton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Aymestery</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>1006</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Aynho[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>664</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Ayott, St. Lawrence</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Welwyn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Luton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>134</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Ayott, St. Peter</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='right'>271</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Aysgarth</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Reeth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>5796</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Ayston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Okeham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton East</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>N. Malton</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Whitby</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton West</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>256</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton Great</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Stokesley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Guisboro'</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>1105</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Ayton Little</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>68</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Azerley, or Cozenley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Masham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>579</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] AYLSHAM is situated on the southern side of the river Brue, which
+is navigable hence to Yarmouth, for barges of about 13 tons burthen.
+Aylsham during the reigns of Edward II. and III., was the chief town in
+this part of the kingdom for the linen manufacture; but in succeeding
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Trade.</span>
+
+
+reigns, that business was superseded by the woollen manufacture; and
+in the time of James I., the inhabitants were principally employed in
+knitting worsted stockings, breeches, and waistcoat pieces. Since the introduction
+of frame knitting, that trade has also been lost; the town is
+governed by a bailiff. Aylsham church is said to have been erected by
+John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the court of which duchy was at one
+period held here. There is a spa in the neighbourhood, the water of
+which has obtained considerable reputation for its medicinal properties in
+chronic disorders.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 23; last Tuesday in September for lean cattle, ordinary
+horses, and pedlary; and October 6, for cattle.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.30 afternoon; departs 2.0
+afternoon.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Copeman and Co., draw upon Hankey and Co.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] AYNHO is a large and respectable village seated on a rock, below
+which issues a powerful spring of water, called the Town Well, which
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Town Well.</span>
+
+
+after running through the vale below, contributes to the supply of the
+Charwell. The church contains numerous monuments, several of which
+belong to the Cartwright family, who have long been in possession of the
+manor, and whose descendant R.W. Cartwright, Esq., has a handsome
+seat, the interior of which is adorned with a fine collection of paintings.
+An hospital was founded here for poor and sick travellers. The building
+is still standing, but is now occupied as a private house.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" summary="rivers" rules='cols'>
+<tr><td colspan='6' align='center'><b><span class='u'>RIVERS.</span></b></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'><span class='u'>Name.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Rises.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Falls.</span></td>
+<td align='center'><span class='u'>Name.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Rises.</span></td><td align='center'><span class='u'>Falls.</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Aire[A]</td><td align='left'>Yorkshire</td><td align='left'>Ouse.</td>
+<td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='left'>Herefordsh</td><td align='left'>Lug</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Alan</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>St. George's Channel.</td>
+<td align='left'>Arrow</td><td align='left'>Worcestersh</td><td align='left'>Avon.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ald</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Sea near Aldborough.</td>
+<td align='left'>Arth</td><td align='left'>Cardigansh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Alder</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Sea at Shoreham</td>
+<td align='left'>Artro</td><td align='left'>Merionethsh</td><td align='left'>Landeber.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Allen</td><td align='left'>Dorsetshire</td><td align='left'>Stour</td>
+<td align='left'>Arun</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Sea.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Allen</td><td align='left'>Flintshire</td>
+<td align='left'>Astery</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Sea.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Allow, East</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Tyne.</td>
+<td align='left'>Atree</td><td align='left'>Cornwall</td><td align='left'>Tamer.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Allow, West</td><td align='left'>Northum</td><td align='left'>Tyne.</td>
+<td align='left'>Aune</td><td align='left'>Devonshire</td><td align='left'>Sea.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Allow, West</td><td align='left'>Anglesea</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea</td>
+<td align='left'>Avon Upper[D]</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Alne[B]</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Tyne.</td>
+<td align='left'>Avon Lower[E]</td><td align='left'>Wiltshire</td><td align='left'>English Channel.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Alt</td><td align='left'>Lancashire</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea</td>
+<td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='left'>Glamorgansh</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Amond</td><td align='left'>Caermar</td><td align='left'>Lougher</td>
+<td align='left'>Avon, West</td><td align='left'>Goucestersh</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ancholme[C]</td><td align='left'>Lincolnshire</td><td align='left'>Humber.</td>
+<td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='left'>Monmouthsh</td><td align='left'>Uske.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ande</td><td align='left'>Hants</td>
+<td align='left'>Avon</td><td align='left'>Merionethsh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Angel</td><td align='left'>Montgom</td><td align='left'>Dovey.</td>
+<td align='left'>Axe</td><td align='left'>Dorsetshire</td><td align='left'>British Channel.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ankham</td><td align='left'>Lincolnshire</td><td align='left'>Humber.</td>
+<td align='left'>Axe</td><td align='left'>Somersetsh</td><td align='left'>Severn.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Anker</td><td align='left'>Leicestersh</td><td align='left'>Tame.</td>
+<td align='left'>Ayron</td><td align='left'>Cardigansh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Annisor</td><td align='left'>Pembrokesh</td><td align='left'>Irish Sea</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] AIRE, (The) rises from a small lake on the moors of Yorkshire,
+north-east from Settle, descending through Aire-dale and Craven in its
+course to the south-east, which it pursues as far as Leeds, where, turning
+eastward, and meeting the Calder, it passes under Ferrybridge, flowing
+through the flattest portion of Yorkshire; and receiving the Don, a little
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Booth
+Ferry.</span>
+
+
+north of Snaith, it unites with the Ouse above Booth Ferry, near Howden.
+This river is of greater extent than the Calder, and much its superior in
+navigation, being also joined by numerous canals from the west. Its
+origin is almost mountainous, in the midst of the wildest moors; and
+Aire-dale retains much of the same characteristic features of that line of
+country. The district of Craven is singularly romantic, being a rich
+vale, bounded by high hills, with the town of Skipton in its centre; below
+which it forms a beautiful valley to Keighley, full of trade and population;
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Kirkstall
+Abbey.</span>
+
+
+the Aire passes the picturesque ruin of Kirkstall Abbey, in its way to Leeds,
+the manufactories and villas of which flourishing place, and its vicinity,
+encompass its banks; after which it divides one of the richest plains in
+the kingdom to Ferrybridge, not far from the eminence where the town of
+Pontefract appears a conspicuous object, with its ruined castle and ancient
+church. Afterwards the Aire can boast little of beauty, as it advances
+through a level district to join the Ouse.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[B] ALNE, (The) is a small river which rises on the border of Roxburgshire,
+but within the limits of Northumberland, and a little north of the
+source of the Coquet. The great and attractive objects which grace its
+borders are placed in the far-extended territory of the Duke of Northumberland,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Brisley
+Tower.</span>
+
+
+at the entrance to which the lofty building, called Brisley Tower,
+thickly environed by plantations, overlooks all the wild country of Northumberland,
+including the bold range of Cheviot-hills on the north-west,
+close to the Scottish border. The Alne then enters a charming valley,
+beneath the ivied walls of Hulne Abbey, winding delightfully between
+lawns, woods, and groupes of trees and cottages, admirably disposed.
+From these monastic and rustic recesses, the river emerges into a spacious
+park, widened considerably by art, and gliding through the arches of a fine
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Alnwick
+Castle.</span>
+
+
+Castellan bridge, is proudly overlooked by the numerous towers, and lofty
+citadel of Alnwick Castle, the superb seat of the Northumberland family.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] ANCHOLME. This small river, rising in the wolds of Lincolnshire,
+not far from Market Raisin, is navigable from Glandford Bridge to the
+Humber, and in its course intersecting the extensive tract of the Wolds,
+which stretches out from Lincoln northward to Barton, and forms a
+ridge across some intermediate valleys, terminates in the fens near Spilsby
+Louth. Brocklesby Park, in the extensive domains of Lord Yarborough,
+occupies the centre of this district, on the highest point of which his
+lordship has built a superb chapel and mausoleum, in a very excellent
+Grecian taste, adorned with appropriate statues and marbles, from Italy.
+This building, from its position, commands the whole surrounding country,
+with the port of Hull, across the Humber; forming also a sea-mark, and
+an interesting object, admirable for the elegance of its design and execution.
+Thornton College is a curious remnant of antiquity in this neighbourhood,
+founded in the reign of King Stephen; great part of which is
+yet preserved, with some modern additions.</p>
+
+
+<p>[D] AVON, (The Upper) rising in Northamptonshire, on the borders of
+Leicestershire, adds great beauty to the delightful territory of Warwick
+Castle, as it flows beneath the cliff on which those lofty towers projecting
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Warwick
+Castle.</span>
+
+
+before the town and church are situated. It then glides through a
+charming country to Stratford-on-Avon, celebrated as the birth-place
+of Shakspeare, and where the remains of the immortal bard are deposited.
+From thence it traverses the great level of Worcestershire by Evesham,
+having received the lesser Stour at Stratford, and turning to the South at
+Pershore, meets the Severn at the flourishing town of Tewksbury.</p>
+
+
+<p>[E] AVON (The Lower) rises in the hilly district of North Wiltshire,
+bordering on Gloucestershire, not far from Wootton Basset; its source is
+near that of the great river Thames, and both are said to have their origin
+from various springs, not accurately defined. Emerging from the hills, it
+makes a compass to fall into the vale leading from Christian Malford
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bath.</span>
+
+
+to Chippenham, advancing through the cloathing district of Wiltshire,
+bordering upon that of Somersetshire, and for a considerable extent
+divides those counties. Its course is at first southward, making a long
+compass by the west towards the north, and then to the west; at last,
+encircling the city of Bath on two sides, from whence it pursues nearly
+the same direction, with frequent meanders to Bristol. It then inclines to
+the north-west, as it conveys the abundant trade of that opulent city to
+the Severn, by its conflux constituting the Bristol Channel at King's-road.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>B.</h2>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Babcary</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Castle-Cary</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>453</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Babingley,[A] or Baburghley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cas. Rising</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Heacham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>38</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Babington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Shepton Mal.</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Babraham[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Linton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BABINGLEY. In this parish, the first Christian church in East
+Anglia is said to have been built. Several hills in the vicinity, called
+Christian Hills, render the opinion highly probable. The village is
+situated near that part of the Lincolnshire wash called Lynn Deeps.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] BABRAHAM, anciently Badburham, is situated in the hundred of Chilford.
+This place, which was one of the manors of Algar, Earl of Mercia,
+at the time of the Norman survey, formerly had a market on Mondays.
+About the year 1576, the whole manorial property in the parish fell into
+the possession of Sir Horatio Palavicini, a Genoese. According to the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Singular
+anecdote of
+the Pope's
+Tax-gatherer.</span>
+
+
+tradition of the neighbourhood, this gentleman was collector of the Pope's
+taxes in England, in the reign of Queen Mary, on whose death, and the
+consequent change in religion under Elizabeth, he (like the Vicar of Bray,)
+changed his faith, converted the Pope's money to his own use, and settled
+in this country. The following whimsical epitaph relates to this occurrence:
+it is printed in "Lord Orford's Anecdotes of Painting"&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Here lyes Horatio Palavazine,<br />
+Who robbed the Pope to lend the Queen.<br />
+He was a thief&mdash;a thief? Thou lyest:<br />
+For what! he robb'd but Antichrist,<br />
+Him death with besome swept from Bab'ram.<br />
+Into the bosom of ould Abraham:<br />
+But then came Hercules with his club,<br />
+And struck him down to Belzebub."
+</p>
+
+<p>Sir Horatio was in great favour with Queen Elizabeth. He was naturalised,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Queen's
+favorite.</span>
+
+
+by patent, in 1516, and commanded one of the English men-of-war
+in the great battle with the Spanish Armada, in 1588; and he was
+employed by the Queen, in her negotiations with the German Princes:
+he died at his seat, in this parish, on the 6th of July, 1600. It appears
+by the register kept in the church, that his children were baptized and
+buried here: it is also recorded, that the marriage of Sir Horatio's widow
+with Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle, took place exactly a
+year and a day after her husband's decease. The poor of this parish are
+partly maintained by a bequest of &pound;97. a year, expended under certain
+restrictions imposed by the donor. Here is an alms-house, and a free
+school, founded by Levinus Bush, Esq., and his sister, Mrs. Judith
+Bennet; and the yearly sum of &pound;25. is appropriated to the apprenticing
+of children.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Babworth[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>East Retford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>449</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Bacheldre, or Bacheldref</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Bis. Castle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Welshpool</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bachymbyd</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Ruthin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>202</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Bach-Yrys, or Machunis</td><td align='right'>Isle</td><td align='left'>Caermarth</td><td align='left'>Llanelly</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lougher</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pont ar Dulas</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Backford</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Park Gate</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>487</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Backwell, or Bachwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pensford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>1038</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Backworth, or Blackworth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>N. Shields</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>281</td><td align='right'>243</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Baconsthorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aylsham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bacop</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Haslingden</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Bacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Llanthony A</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>178</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Worsted</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>498</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bacton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Stourmarket</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Botesdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>758</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BABWORTH. The hall is the seat of the Hon. J.B. Simpson; it
+a plain white-fronted edifice, the surrounding grounds which are
+very beautiful, were laid out by the celebrated Repton. Babworth church
+is a neat gothic building, with a small steeple; it is worthy of remark,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Trees grow
+out of the
+roof of the
+church.</span>
+
+
+that there are two trees growing out of the roof of the south porch. Near
+this village the ground begins to rise, and displays the most enchanting
+scenery of woods, lawns, glades, heaths, cultivated farms, and ornamental
+seats. The late Paul Sandby, Esq., R.A., who died on the 8th of November,
+1809, was descended from a branch of the Sandby family, of Babworth,
+and was born at Nottingham, in 1732. In 1746 he went to London,
+and having an early bias towards the arts, he got introduced into
+the drawing room of the Tower. After two years he was appointed
+draughtsman, under the inspection of Mr. David Watson, who was employed
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Paul Sandby,
+Esq.</span>
+
+
+by the late Duke of Cumberland to take a survey of the Highlands.
+During this excursion he made several sketches from the terrific scenery of
+that romantic country, from which he afterwards made a number of small
+etchings, which were published in a folio volume. From this circumstance,
+perhaps, we may account for the bold and striking style by which the
+paintings of this excellent artist are so peculiarly distinguished. In 1752,
+he quitted this employment and resided with his brother at Windsor.
+Several of the most beautiful views in the neighbourhood of Windsor and
+Eton, now became the subject of his pencil; here also he obtained that
+skill in depicting gothic architecture which gave so beautiful an effect to
+those landscapes that Sir Joseph Banks purchased them all at a very
+liberal price. Mr. Sandby published several prints in ridicule of the inimitable
+Hogarth's "Analysis of Beauty," but he afterwards declared,
+that had he known the merits of that exquisite painter at the time, he
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sandby the
+painter.</span>
+
+
+should not have dared to depreciate them. On the institution of "the
+Royal Academy," he was elected one of the Academicians. He was afterwards
+appointed chief drawing master of the Royal Academy at Woolwich,
+and held the office with honour and credit to the day of his death.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Badby[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>583</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-Clinton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Henley in A.</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-Ensor</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>568</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Romsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Southampton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Baddesley-South[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Lymington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beaulieu</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Baddiley[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>267</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Baddington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>132</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Baddow (Great)[D]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>31</td><td align='right'>1719</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BADBY. This extensive village is situated on the brow of a hill, in
+the large uninclosed district of Badby-Down. Here are numerous springs,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Quarries.</span>
+
+
+and several quarries of flag-stone, which, from its excellence, is very extensively
+employed for the purposes of building and paving. On the
+summit of Arbury Hill, in this parish, is a large encampment, which is
+attributed to the Romans: the ramparts are very steep, and the whole is
+encompassed by a very wide and deep foss.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] BADDESLEY. This village was celebrated a short time ago for a
+singular tree it contained, from which was frequently heard to issue groans
+as though uttered by a person in acute agony. The tree was an elm,
+young, vigorous, and to all appearance perfectly sound; and what is most
+wonderful, naturalists could assign no physical reason for the phenomena.
+Its fame spread far and wide; a pamphlet was written with an account of
+it, and persons came miles to visit it. The tree, however, it would seem
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The groaning
+tree.</span>
+
+
+with the fickleness attendant too often upon those who have gained celebrity,
+would not always groan, yet no cause could be assigned for its
+temporary cessations, either from seasons or weather. Many superstitious
+tales were raised by the country people and alleged as reasons for
+this singular occurrence; and for eighteen or twenty months it continued
+an object of considerable interest; a gentleman of the name of Forbes,
+making an experiment to discover its cause, by boring a hole in its trunk,
+put a period to its agonies, it never groaned again. It was afterwards
+rooted up with a further view to make a discovery, but in vain. It is universally
+believed that there was no trick in the affair, but that some natural
+cause really existed, though never understood.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BADDILEY. A parish in the hundred of Nantwich. This place is
+principally remarkable for its church, standing on a small green surrounded
+by farm buildings. It consists of a small nave and chancel, and was constructed
+entirely of English oak; it is of the most remote antiquity, and
+presented a most unique specimen of ecclesiastical buildings of timber,
+previous to the introduction of stone; the upright timbers being much
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An oaken
+church.</span>
+
+
+decayed were cased with brick in 1811, it having stood so many centuries
+that it was in danger of falling; the roof and ceiling are still in fine preservation.
+In the chancel are remains of some ancient stalls, and two
+elegant marble monuments, erected to the Mainwaring family, who were
+lords of the manor. Baddiley Hall, the former residence of this family,
+was a very old irregular building of timber and plaister, but has been
+lately pulled down.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[D] BADDOW. (Great). This extensive, populous, and genteel village,
+from its peculiarly delightful situation, has become the residence of a considerable
+number of highly respectable families. Previous to the conquest,
+the manor was part of the possessions of Algar, Earl of Mercia. In consequence,
+however, of the rebellion of his son and successor, Earl Eadwine,
+who was slain in battle, this lordship, with other estates, was granted
+by King William to the monastery of the Holy Trinity at Caen, in
+Normandy. In the reign of Henry I., the crown was again possessed of
+it, and about the same period, the Earls of Gloucester became its proprietors;
+from which time, after having been vested in many noble
+families, it is now in the possession of the family of Houblon. Two
+chauntries of some value were formerly in the church.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Baddow, Little[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Maldon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>548</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Badger</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Shifnal</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>142</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badgington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>167</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badgworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Painswick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>859</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Badgworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>352</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Badingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Halesworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Saxmundham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>91</td><td align='right'>866</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Badlesmere[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Faversham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Charing</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>135</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Badley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>82</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badminton, Great[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>529</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BADDOW, (Little). The church at this place contains a rich and
+splendid monument to the memory of Sir Henry Mildmay, Knight, who
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir Henry
+Mildmay.</span>
+
+
+died in October, 1639. He is represented in a full suit of armour, reposing
+under a dome, which rests upon black marble pillars; two female
+figures kneel at his feet; the one elderly, and dressed in a scarf and hood,
+the other young, and magnificently attired in the fashion of the time.
+The head of the knight is supported by a pillow. From a latin inscription
+upon an oval tablet, we learn that Sir Henry having served as a soldier in
+the Irish wars, was for his gallantry knighted in the field. The carved
+effigies of two female figures, said by tradition to have been sisters and
+founders of this church, occupy recesses in the south wall of the centre
+aisle. Upon examining the two graves in which it was supposed that
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Skeletons
+found.</span>
+
+
+the corpses of the persons whose figures stood in the niches were interred,
+in one of them were found three skeletons, and two in the other, but
+without the slightest vestige of wood, linen, coffin, or any other covering
+to the bodies. In the year 1817, Edward Bullin, Esq., bequeathed 196
+acres of land, and a wood containing thirty-six acres, for the purpose of
+clothing and educating the children in this parish and that of Boreham.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BADLESMERE. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, lord of the manor in
+the reign of Edward the Second, obtained a license for founding a house
+of regular canons in this place. The church is a small and very plain
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+carvings in
+wood.</span>
+
+
+Saxon structure. In the porch are the fronts of two ancient wooden
+seats, carved in high relief; one represents a shield, on which are the
+star, ribbon, and motto of the order of the garter: on the other are some
+Scriptural sentences, relative to the Holy Trinity, in four circles, united
+by bands; so that the words Pater, Filius, Spisces and Deus, though only
+once repeated in the circles, form a part of every sentence.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BADMINTON, (Great) has been the seat of the ducal family of Beaufort,
+ever since the demolition of Ragland Castle, in the civil wars. Badminton
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Duke of
+Beaufort's
+seat.</span>
+
+
+House, the family residence of the duke, is situated in a noble
+park nearly nine miles in circumference, through which various avenues
+have been formed. It was erected by the first duke of Beaufort in the
+year 1682. It is a very extensive building, on the French model. In the
+hall is a large sarcophagus of Roman sculpture, representing a bacchanalian
+procession; this was given to the third duke of Beaufort, by Cardinal
+Alberoni. By that distinguished prelate, who died in 1745, many
+curious and original paintings were procured during his residence in Italy;
+among them is a Holy Family, by Raphael; and several by Guido and
+Carlo Dolci are much esteemed. He also purchased the very singular and
+finely painted satirical picture by Salvator Rosa, for which that artist was
+expelled Rome. "The Sovereigns of the different nations are here depicted
+by different animals, as an eagle, a wolf, a sheep, a hog, a fox, a cow, and
+an ass; the latter has the pontifical pall thrown over him, and the blind
+goddess, Fortune, is represented showering her gifts over the whole group."
+Some excellent landscapes, by the Italian masters, are also preserved here;
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Fine
+paintings.</span>
+
+
+and a very fine series of fourteen portraits, of the Beauforts, from John of
+Gaunt, from whom they trace their genealogy. Badminton church is an
+elegant structure; it was built by the late duke in 1785, and contains
+many monuments of the Beaufort family.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Badminton, Little</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Malmesbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>116</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Badsey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Badshot</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Guildford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Frimley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Badsworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>782</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Badwell-Ash</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Stowmarket</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bagborough-West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Watchet</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>453</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bagby</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>220</td><td align='right'>289</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Baggrave</td><td align='right'>lib</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>16</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baginton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Rugby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>257</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Baglan[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aberavon</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Swansea</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BAGINTON. The Hall, a seat of a descendant of the Bromley
+family, who purchased the estate in the reign of James I., was built by
+secretary Bromley. This gentleman, one of the most honest and able
+servants of Queen Anne, was Speaker of the House of Commons. In
+proof of the high estimation in which he was held, it is necessary only to
+cite a memorable circumstance relative to the residence under notice. In
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Once destroyed
+by fire.</span>
+
+
+1706, the family seat at Baginton was reduced to the ground by fire.
+Intelligence of this calamity was conveyed to the owner while attending
+his duty in the House of Commons, and a considerable sum was immediately
+voted by parliament towards a restoration of the structure. Here
+is barely to be traced the site of the castellated residence of Sir William
+Bagot, a firm adherent of Richard II., at which the Duke of Hereford,
+afterwards Henry IV., lodged the night previous to his projected personal
+contest with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, in the presence of the
+King on Gosford Green, where the lists were formed; the scene is admirably
+described by Shakespeare.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BAGLAN is a parish in the hundred of Neath. The village is of the
+most romantic beauty, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is of a
+delightful character. Near this place is Britton Ferry, which is interesting,
+not only on account of its sylvan fascinations, but as being the domain
+of Lord Jersey, whose extensive plantations spread over several bold hills
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lord Jersey's
+seat.</span>
+
+
+westward of the Neath river, a stream which here emerges in a fine sweep,
+between woody banks, partly broken into cliffs and at a short distance
+descends into the sea. "From a delightful shady walk over the
+stream, we branched off," says Mr. Barber, "into an 'alley green,'
+which led us up a steep hill, covered with large trees, and tangled underwood;
+the ascent was judiciously traced, where several bare crags,
+projecting from the soil, formed an opposite contrast to the luxuriant verdure
+which prevailed around. On gaining the summit, the charms of
+Britton Ferry disclosed themselves in 'an ample theatre of sylvan grace,'
+of more than common beauty: beyond which, the Bristol Channel,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Britton
+Ferry.</span>
+
+
+bounded by the aerial tint of its opposite coast, formed the distance.
+From this roaming prospect, however, the eye gladly returned to gaze on
+the local beauties of the scene, the tufted knoll, the dark glade, and the
+majestic river." The mansion is a very ordinary building; the house is
+low having two wings, with attic windows in the roof, ornamented with
+a bullustraded parapet. The neat simplicity of the hamlet deserves remark;
+perhaps the church is unrivalled, both for its picturesque situation,
+and moral interest. The custom of planting evergreens over the remains
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Planting
+evergreens
+over graves.</span>
+
+
+of departed friends, and bedecking them with flowers at certain seasons of
+the year, is here attended to with peculiar care; and to this pleasing
+tribute of tenderness and affection the "Bard of Avon" refers in the
+following beautiful lines:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"With fairest flowers while summer lasts,<br />
+I'll sweeten thy sad grave, thou shalt not lack<br />
+The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose: nor<br />
+The azured harebell, like thy veins: no, nor<br />
+The leaf of eglantine, whom not to slander,<br />
+Out-sweetened not thy breath."
+</p>
+
+<p>David Ap Gwillym also beautifully alludes to this practice: "Oh, while
+thy season of flowers, and thy tender sprays thick of leaves remain, I
+will pluck the roses from the brakes, the flowers from the meads, the vivid
+trefoils, beauties of the ground, and the gaily smiling bloom of the verdant
+herbs, humbly will I lay them on the grave of Ivor!" This part of Wales
+is so mild in its climate, that myrtles, magnolias, and other tender exotics,
+grow luxuriantly in the open air. Near Baglan is a well with medicinal
+properties, but many superstitious notices are associated with its use in
+the neighbourhood.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives at Aberavon, 2 miles distant, 6 evening; departs, 7.30 morning.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bagley Wood</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cumnor</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>21</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bagnall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>306</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bagnor</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lambourn</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>594</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Bagshot[A]</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Staines</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Blackwater</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Windsor</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>1912</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bagthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>73</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Baguley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Altringham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>468</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Bagworth</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>328</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Baildon[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Keighley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>3041</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bailey</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Clithero</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BAGSHOT is a village on the great western road, in the parish of
+Windlesham, and hundred of Woking. Bagshot heath derives its name
+from this village; it is one of the most extensive wastes in the kingdom,
+and was formerly the scene of many highway robberies. Its appearance
+is extremely desolate, but it is useful in supplying the inhabitants with
+fuel, and feeds a great number of sheep, the mutton of which is excellent;
+but like other animals fed on a similar pasture, the sheep are small. On the
+edge of the heath are several noblemen's seats. Among which, Hall Grove,
+the residence of Mrs. Birt; Chobham Place, S. Thornton, Esq.; South
+Hill Park, the Earl of Limerick; and Easthampstead Park, the seat of the
+Marquis of Downshire; are deserving the notice of the curious traveller.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bagshot
+heath.</span>
+
+
+Bagshot Park to the north of the village, was once the seat of his late Majesty
+George IV. when Prince of Wales; after which time it was inhabited
+by the late Duke of Gloucester, (brother-in-law of his present Majesty)
+until the day of his decease, which occurred on the 30th of November,
+1834, in the 58th year of his age; his remains were interred in St.
+George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on the 11th of the following month.
+Bagshot was formerly a lordship of the kings of England, and was much
+resorted to by James I., and Charles I., to enjoy the pleasures of the
+chace.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Mail</i> arrives 10.14 night; departs 3.28 morning&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, King's Arms, and White Hart.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] BAILDON is in the parish of Otley and wapentake of Skyrack,
+and is situated on the river Aire. The inhabitants are principally engaged
+in trade and manufactures. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes
+within a mile and a half from this place.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned cattle &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bailie</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bewcastle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>312</td><td align='right'>454</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bainbridge</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Askrigg</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hawes</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>246</td><td align='right'>831</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Bainton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wandsford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>171</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bainton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Aynhoe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>27</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bainton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>G. Driffield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Weighton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bakewell[A]</td><td align='right'>mt &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>9503</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BAKEWELL. This ancient market town, in which the petty sessions
+for the High Peak are holden, is situated on the western bank of the river
+Wye. Of late years, the market has dwindled into insignificance, but the
+parish is the most extensive in Derbyshire; its length is more than 20
+miles, and its breadth upwards of eight. The pasturage in this neighbourhood
+is remarkably good. The town was anciently called Bath-quelle;
+it appears to have derived its name from its Bath-well, the immediate
+site of which has been for many years occupied by a collector of
+minerals and fossils for private cabinets. From the circumstance of a
+Roman altar, and other antiquities having been discovered here, there can
+be but little doubt that Bakewell was a place of some note in the time of
+the Romans. At the Conquest, Bakewell had two priests and a church.
+The manor then belonged to William Peverell, ancestor of the Peveril celebrated
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Peverils of
+the Peak.</span>
+
+
+in the admirable romance by Sir Walter Scott, styled "Peveril
+of the Peak." Bakewell church is an ancient structure, with a lofty
+spire. Near the entrance of the town, from Ashford, is a mill, for the
+carding, roving, doubling, spinning, and twisting of cotton, in which
+some hundreds of persons of both sexes are employed; the mill was
+erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, the founder of the cotton
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir Richard
+Arkwright.</span>
+
+
+trade in this neighbourhood. This distinguished character, whose perseverance
+and admirable inventions raised him from one of the most
+humble occupations in society&mdash;that of a barber&mdash;to affluence and honour,
+was the youngest of thirteen children, and was born in the year 1732, at
+Preston, in Lancashire. A considerable manufacture of linen goods, and
+of linen and cotton mixed, was then carried on in that neighbourhood,
+and Mr. Arkwright had an opportunity of becoming intimately acquainted
+with the various operations; and being a man of superior powers, he
+directed his thoughts to the improvement of the mode of spinning, which
+had probably been conducted for ages without thought of change. The
+first hint respecting the means of effecting this improvement, he said, he
+accidentally received from seeing a red hot iron bar elongated, by being
+passed between iron cylinders. The difficulties which he experienced
+before he could bring his machine into use, even after its construction
+was sufficiently complete to demonstrate its value, would, perhaps, have
+for ever retarded its completion, had his genius and application been less
+ardent. His pecuniary means were not such as to enable him to commence
+business on his own account, and few were willing to incur the necessary
+risk. At length, however, he secured the co-operation of some persons
+who saw the merits of the invention, and were willing to assist his endeavours,
+and he obtained his first patent for spinning by means of rollers
+in the year 1769. To avoid the inconvenience of establishing a manufacture
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cotton
+mills.</span>
+
+
+of this kind at the great seat of the cotton manufacture, as it then
+existed, he removed to Nottingham, when, in conjunction with his
+partners, he erected his first mill, which was worked by horses. This
+mode being found too expensive, another mill on a larger scale was erected
+at Cromford, the machinery of which was put in motion by water. Mr.
+Arkwright soon effected many improvements in the mode of preparing the
+cotton for spinning, and invented a variety of ingenious machines for that
+purpose, in the most correct and expeditious manner, for all which he
+obtained a patent in the year 1775, and thus completed a series of machinery
+so various and complicated, yet so admirably combined as to
+excite universal approbation. That all this should have been accomplished
+by a single man, without education, without mechanical knowledge, or
+even mechanic's experience, is truly extraordinary; and is, perhaps, equal
+to any known example of the wonderful powers of the human mind, when
+steadily directed to one object. However, at the same time that he was
+inventing or improving the machinery, he was engaged in various undertakings
+which might have been thought incompatible with other pursuits.
+He was taking measures to secure himself a fair proportion of the fruits of
+his industry and ingenuity&mdash;he was greatly extending the business&mdash;he
+was introducing into every department of the manufactory, a novel system
+of industry, economy, order, and cleanliness; the whole of which he so
+effectually accomplished, that his example may be regarded as the origin
+of almost all similar improvements. During this entire period, he was
+afflicted with a violent asthma, which sometimes threatened the immediate
+termination of his existence; and for some time previously to his death,
+he was rendered incapable of continuing his usual pursuits, by a complication
+of diseases, which, at length, deprived him of life at the Rock
+House, Cromford, on the 23d of August, 1792. The honour of Knighthood
+was bestowed on him by George III., in December, 1786, when he
+presented an address to that monarch. Dr. Thomas Denman, an eminent
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dr. Thomas
+Denman.</span>
+
+
+physician, was born at this place in 1733; after the death of Dr. William
+Hunter, he was considered as the most eminent man of his profession.
+Towards the decline of his life he gradually relinquished the more laborious
+parts of his profession to his son-in-law, Sir Richard Croft, and
+became a consulting physician. His death, which was very sudden, took
+place on the 26th of November, 1815. He left two daughters and a son,
+the latter of whom, adopting the legal profession, is now Lord Chief
+Justice of the Court of King's Bench.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Monday; Whit Monday; August 26; Monday after October
+10; Monday after November 22, for cattle and horses,&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Rutland Arms, allowed to
+be one of the best Inns in the kingdom, and is much frequented by anglers during the summer
+season.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.10 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fair</i>, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned cattle &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Bala[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Dolgelly</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Corven </td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'>195 </td><td align='right'> 1163</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BALA is situated at the outlet of the lake of the same name. It is a
+clean and populous market town, consisting of one wide principal street, and
+others crossing it at right angles. The houses are in general built very
+low. The young women commonly go barefooted; they are however well
+formed, and have little of the strong Welsh physiognomy. At this place is
+carried on a great trade in woollen gloves and stockings. Just before the
+entrance of the town is an artificial mount called "Tommen y Bala," (the
+tumulus of Bala) which is supposed to be of Roman origin, and placed here
+with a small castle on its summit to secure the pass towards the sea, which
+is about twenty-five miles distant. Bala Lake, or Llyn Tegid, is a quarter
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The largest
+lake in
+Wales.</span>
+
+
+of a mile south of the town; it is the largest lake in Wales, being about
+four miles long, and in some places near a mile in breadth. At Bryn
+Goleu, its depth is several fathoms. The scenery around is mountainous,
+and it forms the principal attraction of the vicinity, yet it possesses none
+of the grand discriminating traits of the lakes of Scotland or Ireland.
+The overflowings of this lake are sometimes dreadful; but this only happens
+when the winds rush from the mountains at the upper end. In
+stormy weather, when swelled by torrents, the water is driven to the
+height of eight or nine feet, covering great part of the vale of Edeirnion,
+and almost threatening the town with destruction. In calm settled weather,
+it has been so smooth as to be frozen over. The river Dee rises from
+under Arran ben Llyn, the high mountain at the head of the lake; and
+according to Giraldus Cambriensis, Drayton, and others, passes through
+this immense body of water without deigning to intermix its waters, as
+the Rhone is said to pass through the lake of Geneva, and the classic
+Alpheus through the waters of the Adriatic. Hence it has been asserted,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The lake
+fisheries.</span>
+
+
+that salmon are never found in the lake, or gwiniad in the river; it however
+abounds with a variety of excellent fish, among which we may mention
+pike, trout, perch, and eels. The fishery in the 13th century belonged
+to the Abbey of Basingwerk; the whole property is vested at present in
+Sir Watkyn Williams Wynne, Bart., who allows the fishermen to be occasionally
+employed in attending fishing parties with a boat and nets, without
+such privilege no person is allowed the use of nets; but angling is
+freely permitted, and gentlemen as distant as from London visit this place
+entirely for the sake of indulging in this amusement. Of the inns at Bala,
+Mr. Hutton says, "although I have often only reposed one night at an
+inn, yet from agreeable treatment and conversation, I found some regret
+the next morning at parting; and though I saw the people but once, my
+mind revolted at the idea of seeing them no more." The town of Bala is
+governed by two bailiffs, and a common council, and the assizes are held
+here and at Dolgelly alternately; it is likewise one of the polling places
+for the county.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> Saturday&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, May 14; July 10; Sep. 11 and 22; Oct. 24; and Nov. 8.&mdash;<i>Mail</i>
+arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Balby[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tickhill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>420</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Balcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Cuckfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Horsham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>E. Grinstead</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>641</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BALBY. In this village George Fox, the founder of the Society of
+Friends, or Quakers, held his first meetings. His father, who was a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">George Fox
+the Quaker.</span>
+
+
+weaver, gave him a very religious education; he was apprenticed to a
+grazier, and much employed as a shepherd. From his earliest infancy he
+displayed a tendency to enthusiasm, and no doubt his solitary employment
+tended to confirm it. At the early age of nineteen he persuaded
+himself that he was called to exercise his faculties, solely in the affairs of
+religion. Forsaking his relations, he determined to devote himself to that
+alone. Equipped in a leathern doublet, he wandered from place to place,
+subsisting by the charity of those who received his doctrines. At length
+he reached the metropolis, where, being discovered by his friends, he was
+earnestly invited to return. This, however, he refused to do, and after
+remaining with them a short time, he again betook himself to his itinerant
+habits. He now walked abroad in retired places, fasting and studying
+the Bible by day and night, and sometimes a hollow tree was his
+habitation, book in hand, for a day together. In 1648, he publicly propagated
+his opinions, commencing as public preacher at Manchester,
+which place he frequently left to perambulate the adjacent towns, preaching
+in the market-houses. About this time he began to adopt the manners
+and habits which are peculiar to the society following his religious
+opinions; nor was he free from the persecution which constantly follows
+novelty, in any thing regarded as an innovation of a religious nature. At
+Derby, the disciples of Fox were first denominated Quakers, from the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His wanderings
+and imprisonment.</span>
+
+
+trembling delivery of their sentences, and their calls on the magistrates to
+tremble before the Lord. In 1655, Fox was sent a prisoner to Cromwell,
+who immediately liberated him upon ascertaining the peaceful nature of
+his doctrines. He was, however, treated by the country magistracy with
+great severity, from his frequently interrupting ministers, even during
+divine service, and more than once the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, exerted
+himself to obtain his freedom. A fast having been appointed on account
+of the persecution of Protestants in foreign countries, he addressed a letter
+to the heads and governors of the nation, descrying, in most forcible
+terms, the impropriety of having recourse to severity of a similar nature at
+home. Charles II. liberated him from prison in the year 1666, and from
+that time they formally united as a "Society of Friends." Three years
+afterwards he married the widow of Judge Fell, in the simple unostentatious
+manner practised by the sect to the present day. His health,
+however, was impaired by imprisonment and suffering, and he lived in a
+more retired manner to the day of his death, which took place in the year
+1690, in the 67th year of his age.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Baldersley[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Borobridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'>267</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Balderston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>658</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Balderton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>830</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Baldock[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.&amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>1704</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Baldon Marsh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wheatley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Baldon-Toot</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>272</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BALDERSLEY. Near this village is an extensive common, called
+Hutton Conyers Moor, on which there is a rabbit-warren; the inhabitants
+have a right of estray for their sheep on this moor, in conjunction with
+some other townships, and each township has a shepherd. The lord's
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Right of
+Common.</span>
+
+
+shepherd has a pre-eminence of tending his sheep on every part of the
+common; and wherever he herds the lord's sheep, the several other shepherds
+are to give place to him, and give up what is termed their hofiong
+place, so long as they are depastured thereon. The lord's court is held
+on the first of January; the shepherds attend the court, and each do
+fealty by bringing a large apple-pye and a two-penny sweet-cake; each pye
+is divided into two parts, and distributed by the bailiff between the steward,
+the tenant of the rabbit-warren, and the shepherds of the townships, reserving
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Singular
+custom.</span>
+
+
+a portion however for himself. Each pye contains about a peck
+of flour, and the bailiff measures them with a rule to see that they are of
+the proper dimensions; should they not be so he threatens to fine the
+town; he, however, has to provide furmenty (a food made by boiling
+wheat in milk) and mustard. The furmenty is put into an earthen pot,
+and the top of the dish placed level with the ground, all persons present
+are invited to partake; those who do not accept the invitation are deemed
+disloyal to their lord. Every shepherd is compelled to bring a spoon with
+him, and in cases of neglect, or wilful pleasantry, they are obliged to sup
+the hot furmenty from the pot, and the bystanders not unfrequently
+plunge the offenders head into the mixture, as a matter of diversion.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BALDOCK is situated between two hills, at the intersection of the
+great north road, and the Roman Ikeneld street. It was formerly the
+property of the Knights Templars, to whom Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke,
+gave the site; it was then called Baudoc: but some antiquarians, with
+little reason, derive its name from Balbec, a city in Syria, from which
+this order of knights was expelled by the Saracens. It principally consists
+of one long ancient street. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a spacious
+structure, and was built by the Knights Templars, and again partly
+rebuilt in the early part of the fifteenth century. All the early portion of
+this structure is of pure Roman architecture, and the latter of the florid
+gothic. The steeple, which is octagonal, was rebuilt a few years ago. In
+the church is a richly carved oaken screen, part of the ancient rood-loft,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sharks'
+teeth found
+in cutting
+through a
+hill.</span>
+
+
+and a very curious font. In cutting through Baldock-hill, to form a new
+road, a number of fossils, consisting of cornua ammonis, sharks' teeth,
+&amp;c., were discovered. There is a curious custom in this manor. When
+the Steward holds his Court Leet, the bell tolls, to summons the copyhold
+tenants together, to do their suit and service at dinner, to which every
+baker sends a loaf of bread, and every victualler a flagon of ale or beer.
+The object of this custom is intended for the Court Leet to examine the
+measures, as well as to judge of the quality of the articles of food.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 7; last Thursday in May; August 5; October 2; December
+11, for cheese, cattle, and household goods.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.31 morning, departs
+2.16 morning.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Williamson and Co., draw on Hoare and Co.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, White Hart.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bale</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Walsingham </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>117 </td><td align='right'> 275</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Balham</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Clapham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Tooting</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Epsom</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Balke</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Thirsk</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Easingwold</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Balke-Holme</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Weighton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>107</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ballidon</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>108</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ballingdon</td><td align='right'>pa chap</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>283</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Ballingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>147</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Balne</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>343</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Balsall</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Solihul</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>1038</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Balscott</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chip Norton</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Balsham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Linton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>1074</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Balterley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Baltonsborough</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cas. Caray</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>675</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bambrough</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Holy Island</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>324</td><td align='right'>3949</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bambrough[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>61</td><td align='right'>324</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bamford</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>S. Middleton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Castleton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bamford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>1207</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bampton[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Tiverton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Morebath</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>1961</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bampton[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Witney</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>2514</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BAMBROUGH CASTLE is situated on the romantic coast of Northumberland,
+near an obscure town of the same name; it stands upon a
+triangular rock, high, rugged, and abrupt on the land side. But we leave
+its description, which would be too lengthy, and turn rather to the account
+of the benevolent institution founded in 1720, by Lord Crewe, Bishop of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Bishop of
+Durham.</span>
+
+
+Durham, of which it is the seat. The keep of the castle is fitted up for
+suffering seamen, and property which may have been rescued from the
+fury of the ocean. Regulations were also adopted to prevent accidents on
+the coast, and to alleviate misfortunes when they had occurred. A nine-pounder
+placed at the bottom of the great tower, gives signals to ships in
+distress; and in case of a wreck announces it to the Custom-house officers,
+who hasten to prevent its being plundered. In addition to this,
+during a storm, horsemen patrol the coast, and rewards are paid for the
+earliest intelligence of vessels in distress. A flag is always hoisted when
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Noble
+charity.</span>
+
+
+any ship is seen in distress on the Fern Islands or Staples; or a rocket
+thrown up at night, which gives notice to the fishermen of Holy Island,
+who put off to the spot when no boat from the main can get over the
+breakers. There has also been life-boats added to the establishment.
+Within the walls of the castle are supported two free-schools, an infirmary,
+thirty beds for shipwrecked sailors, and a granary, whence poor persons
+are supplied with provision at the first price. There is also a library, the
+books of which are circulated gratuitously for twenty miles round. This
+philanthropic endowment has not been suffered to decay with the romance
+of olden time, but the charitable intentions of the testator are fulfilled so as
+to exhibit a lasting record of his active benevolence.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BAMPTON. A market town, situated near the little river Batherme,
+which flows into the Exe at about one mile distance. Mr. Polwhele considers
+that this was a Roman station, and here, probably, the Romans had
+artificial hot-baths. A chalybeate spring in this neighbourhood is much
+celebrated for its medicinal qualities. John de Bampton, a Carmelite,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">John de
+Bampton.</span>
+
+
+who was the first who publicly read Aristotle in Cambridge, was born
+here: he died in 1391. The manufactures of the place are serges and
+pottery.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Whit Tuesday, and last Thursday in October, for cattle.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BAMPTON. Here are some slight remains of an ancient castle,
+supposed to have been erected in the reign of King John. The celebrated
+poet, John Philips, the son of Dr. Stephen Philips, archdeacon
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">John Philips
+the poet.</span>
+
+
+of Salop, was born in this town, on the 30th of December, 1676,
+and after the preliminary process of juvenile education, was sent to
+Winchester, where he was distinguished by the superiority of his exercises,
+and at school endeared himself to all his companions and
+superiors: it is related of him, that he seldom mingled in the play of other
+boys, but retired to his chamber, and indulged in the study of the poets and
+of the ancient and modern classics, particularly Milton. In 1694, he was
+removed to Christchurch, Oxford, where he finished all his University
+acquirements; but Milton&mdash;the immortal Milton&mdash;continued to be his
+uninterrupted day dream: and he might have exclaimed in the language
+of that poet, I will study the magnificence of thy etherial phantasy,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"From morn till noon, from noon to dewey eve,<br />
+When Urania visits my nightly<br />
+Slumbers, or when morn purples the east."
+</p>
+
+<p>It is said that there was not an allusion in "Paradise Lost," drawn from any
+hint either in "Homer," or "Virgil," to which he could not immediately
+refer. While at Oxford he was honoured with the friendship of Mr. Edmund
+Smith, author of the Tragedy of "Phaedra and Hippolitus;" and also with
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Philips's
+poetical
+works.</span>
+
+
+that of the most polite and favoured of the gentlemen in the University.
+His first poem was published in 1703, entitled, "The Splendid Shilling,"
+which has the merit of an original design. His next poem, entitled
+"Blenheim," which he wrote as a rival to Addison's poem on the same
+subject, was published in 1705, and procured him the patronage of Mr.
+Henry Saint John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke. Independent of poetry,
+Philips was an excellent botanist; in 1706 he produced his third
+poem on "Cyder," founded on the model of Virgil's Georgics, a book not
+only of entertainment but of science; and soon afterwards, a latin Ode,
+"to Henry Saint John, Esq.," said to have been the poet's masterpiece.
+"It is gay and elegant," says Dr. Johnson, "and exhibits several artful
+accommodations of classic expressions to new purposes." At the time of
+his illness, Philips was meditating a poem to be called "The Last Day;"
+death put an end to so solemn and majestic a finale of genius. He died
+at Hereford, of a lingering consumption, February 15, 1708, in the thirty-third
+year of his age, and was buried in the cathedral of that city. Sir
+Simon Harcourt, afterwards Lord Chancellor, erected a monument to his
+memory in Westminster Abbey, the epitaph upon which was written by
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Character
+and death.</span>
+
+
+Doctor Atterbury. Philips was a gentleman of a modest and amiable
+disposition, "and always praised without contradiction," (says Dr. Johnson)
+"as a man, modest, blameless, and pious, who bore a narrow fortune
+without discontent&mdash;and tedious and painful maladies without impatience;
+beloved by those who knew him, but not ambitious to be known."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 26, and August 26, for cattle and toys.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Bampton[A]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Shap</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>282</td><td align='right'>636</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Bampton-Grange</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>282</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bampton, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Wigton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>311</td><td align='right'>213</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BAMPTON. The river Lowther runs through this parish. Here is a
+beautiful lake, called Haweswater, three miles long, and half a mile
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Haweswater
+lake.</span>
+
+
+broad; it is environed by lofty mountains, conveying to the mind a grand
+and imposing appearance: its eastern side is sheltered by rocky eminences,
+plentifully clothed with verdure, while the western side displays the open
+fields, with all the sweet varieties of culture. A lead mine has lately been
+discovered in the neighbourhood. The free grammar-school was founded
+by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested in trustees the sum of &pound;500., collected
+from estates out of the parish of St. Saviour, Southwark, and other
+places. Here, also, three parochial libraries were established respectively,
+in the years 1710, 1750, 1752, comprising about 800 volumes. Thomas
+Gibson, M.D., who married the daughter of Richard Cromwell, Protector,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dr. Thomas
+Gibson.</span>
+
+
+was Physician-General of the army, and a native of this parish. He was
+the author of a system of anatomy. The learned doctor, having laid the
+foundation of his classical learning at a school in this county, he entered
+as scholar at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1686. The study of the northern
+languages about this period was particularly cultivated at the University,
+and Mr. Gibson rigidly applied himself to that branch of literature, in
+which he was assisted by Dr. Hicks. In a short time he translated into
+Latin the "Chronicon Saxonicum," and published it together with the
+Saxon original. Dr. Gibson had an early and strong inclination to
+search the antiquities of his own country, and being well versed in the
+knowledge of its original languages, he applied himself with great diligence,
+and in a few years produced his edition of "Camden's Britannica,"
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An Antiquarian.</span>
+
+
+and concluded this branch of learning with "Reliqu&aelig; Spelmannian&aelig;," or
+the posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman, relating to the laws and
+antiquities of England, which, with a life of the author, he published at
+Oxford, in 1698, and dedicated his work to Archbishop Tenison. About
+this time he was taken as Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop's family,
+and soon afterwards was made Rector of Lambeth, and Archdeacon of
+Surrey. Upon the death of the Archbishop, in 1715, Dr. Wake, Bishop
+of Lincoln, succeeded him, and Dr. Gibson was appointed to that See;
+and Dr. Robinson also dying, in 1720, Gibson was appointed Bishop of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Made Bishop
+of London.</span>
+
+
+London. The ministry were so sensible of his great abilities, that a sort
+of ecclesiastical ministry was committed to his charge for several years.
+He died on the 6th of September, 1748, with true Christian fortitude, and
+in perfect tranquillity of mind.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Bannel</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Hawarden </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Mold </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Wrexham </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>196 </td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Banbury[A]</td><td align='right'>bo. &amp; m.t.</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Southam</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>5906</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BANBURY is pleasantly situated on the small river Charwell, and its
+staple commodities seem to be cheese and cakes; the former, even in Shakspeare's
+time, appear to have been celebrated, for Bardolph, when accused
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cheese and
+cakes.</span>
+
+
+by "Slender" of robbing him of his two milled sixpences, exclaims, "You
+Banbury cheese." The cakes have made this town more celebrated than
+even its political engagements. The castle of Banbury was founded in the
+year 1153, by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, and continued an episcopal
+residence till the reign of Henry VI. During the contentions between the
+houses of York and Lancaster, when civil discord was a familiar incident
+in this neighbourhood, Banbury suffered much; but more particularly in
+the memorable engagement, called "The Battle of Banbury," fought
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Battle of
+Banbury.</span>
+
+
+about three miles from the town, in 1469. It took place on a plane called
+Danesmoor, near Edgecote. The Earl of Warwick was the commander
+of the Lancasterian forces, and the Yorkists were led by the Earls of
+Stafford and Pembroke, who had possession of the town. After one of
+the most determined conflicts ever recorded, the Yorkists were routed;
+the Earl of Pembroke and his brother were both taken and beheaded, and
+Edward IV. himself made prisoner a few days after. In 1642, the towns-people
+took part with the Parliament, but after the battle of Edgehill,
+this castle was taken by the royalists, under Sir William Compton, who
+defended it for 13 weeks against all the efforts of Sir John Fiennes, until
+the garrison was relieved by the Earl of Northampton. It suffered a further
+siege of 10 weeks, under Sir William Waller, and surrendered on
+honourable terms. Leland, who wrote in the Reign of Henry VIII., says,
+"In this castle is a terrible prison for convict men." A stone vault, with
+grated windows, and traces of the inner ditch, is supposed to have been
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Once a
+celebrated grammar<br />
+school.</span>
+
+
+the terrible prison alluded to, but very small remains exist in the present
+day. The free grammar-school is now wholly abandoned, and the school-house
+let out on lease by the corporation. This is much to be regretted,
+as it was formerly held in such high estimation, that the statutes of this
+establishment were taken as a model for St. Paul's school, London; and
+the statutes of the free grammar-school of Manchester, in 1524, ordain,
+that the grammar taught in that school, should be taught only "after the
+manner of the school at Banbury, in Oxfordshire, which is called Stanbridge's
+Grammar." Mr. Stanbridge, the celebrated grammarian alluded
+to, was a highly learned man, and tutor to Sir Thomas Pope. Adjoining
+the Ram Inn is a sulphurous well, and at a small distance from
+the town is a chalybeate spring. The pyrites aureus, or golden fire-stone,
+is frequently found in this neighbourhood. Among other interesting
+remains about the town is an ancient hospital, dedicated to St.
+John, now converted into a farm-house. This borough returns one
+member to parliament, as it did before the passing of the Reform Bill.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Electors.</span>
+
+
+The electors of the old constituency were but 18 in number, but the &pound;10.
+householders are about 365. The borough comprises the parish, and the
+returning-officer is the Mayor.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Thursday after Jan. 18, for cattle, horses, and sheep: first Thursday in Lent; second Thursday before Easter, cattle and sheep; Ascension Day; Thursday
+and Friday in Trinity week; August 13, horses, cows, and sheep; Thursday after Old
+Michaelmas, hogs and cheese; October 30; and second Thursday before Christmas. Cheese,
+hops, and cattle.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 4.15 morning; departs 10.34 night.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, (Old Bank)
+Cobb and Co., draw on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Gibbons and Co., draw on Robarts and Co.;
+Gillett and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Red Lion, and White Lion.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bangor[A]</td><td align='right'>city &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='left'>Aberconway </td><td align='right'>15 </td><td align='left'>Holyhead </td><td align='right'>24 </td><td align='right'>245 </td><td align='right'> 4751</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BANGOR, which signifies the beautiful choir, is a Bishop's See; compared
+to its former size, it is now but an inconsiderable place. It is
+seated at the mouth of the Menai, near its opening to the Lavan sands,
+in a narrow valley, between two low ridges of slate rock, opening to the
+south, towards the majestic mountain, Snowdon, which rises 3571 feet
+above the level of the sea. Mr. Warner, the intelligent Welsh tourist,
+and his companion, spoke in raptures of this place. The beauty, repose,
+and retirement of the whole pleased them wonderfully. The latter observed,
+"If he were Bishop of Bangor, the only translation he would
+covet would be, thence to heaven." The former agreed with him, that
+"Were fate to throw him also into such a spot, very few attractions
+would have sufficient force to elicit him from it." They had "Never
+seen a place which united so many beauties in so narrow a circle." From
+this city the new road finds its way through a low pass in the adjacent
+ridge, and descends gently along the face of the sloping bank to the great
+bridge: this road is very smooth and well protected, and worthy of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The suspension
+bridge.</span>
+
+
+magnificent scenery by which it is surrounded. Menai suspension bridge
+is distant about two miles and a half from Bangor. This noble bridge is
+substituted for the inconvenient ferry; it is 100 feet above the level of high
+water, even at spring tides. The cathedral is a low plain building,
+dedicated to St. Deiniol, to whom it owed its origin about the year 525,
+and he was elected the first bishop in 550. He was the son of Dinothus,
+Abbot of Bangor-iscoed, and reared under the auspices of a Welsh prince,
+patron of the bard Talliesin, and perhaps the most liberal prince of his time.
+In 1402 it was burnt down, during the rebellion of Owen Glendower; and
+what is rather singular, it was suffered to remain in ruins during the space
+of 90 years, when the choir was rebuilt by the Bishop in the reign of
+Henry VII. But that cruel ravager of ecclesiastical property, Bishop
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cathedral.</span>
+
+
+Bulkeley, not only alienated the lands belonging to the cathedral, but
+even had the audacity to sell the bells of the church. The choir is fitted
+up in a style of neat and simple elegance, and ornamented with an excellent
+organ, the gift of Dr. Thomas Lloyd, in 1779. The chapter consists
+of a dean, three archdeacons, two precentors, two vicars choral, six minor
+canons, six lay clerks, and eight choristers, with an income of &pound;2,000. per
+annum. The windows of the cathedral were formerly very handsomely
+ornamented with stained glass, but in the civil wars of Charles I. the
+soldiers destroyed these, amongst other things. The most conspicuous
+monument in this building is that erected to the memory of Owen Gwynedd,
+one of the ancient princes of Wales. Here are several Dissenting meeting-houses,
+and the town is the resort of many visitors during the summer
+season; upwards of 50,000 annually are said to remain for longer or
+shorter periods. Steam-packets ply between this place and Liverpool.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 5; June 25; September 16; and October 28.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives
+at Menai Bridge 4.15 morning; departs 8.32 afternoon.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Bangor[A]</td><td align='right'>vil &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wrexham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>1389</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Banham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>East Harling</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Diss</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>1297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bank-Newton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>221</td><td align='right'>125</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Banks</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>296</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Banningham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>N. Walsham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>369</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Banstead[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Ewell</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>991</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Banwell[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Fensford</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>1623</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bapchild</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Sittingbourne</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Milton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Faversham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='right'>319</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Barbon</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Westmorl.</td><td align='left'>Kirkby Lons.</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sedbergh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BANGOR ISCOED is situated on the banks of the river Dee, which
+here passes under a bridge of five arches. This place, at present very inconsiderable,
+is famed on account of having been the site of the most ancient
+monastery in the kingdom, founded by Lucius, the son of Coel, the first
+Christian King of Britain, sometime previous to the year 180. This abbey
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The first
+abbey established
+in Britain.</span>
+
+
+was remarkable for its valuable library, and the number of learned men
+trained within its venerable walls. Gildas Ninnius, who lived in the 7th
+century, was one of its abbots. He wrote in Latin an incorrect history
+of England, which is still extant. According to Speed, this monastery,
+in the year 596, contained no less than 2,400 monks, 100 of which passed
+in their turns one hour of devotion; there are no remains of the
+monastery existing.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BANSTEAD is celebrated for the excellent herbage which the neighbouring
+downs afford the sheep, which are highly prized for the delicate
+flavour of the mutton. There are many elegant seats in the vicinity,
+amongst which are Banstead House, Miss Motteux; Cold Blow Cottage,
+General Sir Edward Howorth; and the Oaks, the seat of the Earl of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Earl of
+Derby.</span>
+
+
+Derby. This celebrated villa was erected by a society of gentlemen, called
+the "Hunter's Club," and the present noble proprietor can accommodate
+his guests with more than 50 bed chambers; and a pack of hounds are kept
+on the establishment, which has been long noted for its hospitality. On
+the 26th of February, 1834, Mr. John Richardson, a farmer, returning
+from Epsom to Banstead, was robbed and murdered on these downs.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BANWELL is an agreeable village, situated under the northern
+declivity of the Mendip hills, and is supposed to derive its name from a
+spring strongly impregnated with mineral properties, which expands into
+a fine sheet of water, and after turning two mills, empties itself into the
+channel near the ruins of Woodspring Priory. The church, which is
+a fine specimen of the florid gothic of the Tudor age, contains a
+richly carved screen and rood loft, a beautiful sculptured stone pulpit,
+and several windows of the richest stained glass. This manor has been
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Formerly a
+Bishop's
+Palace.</span>
+
+
+in the possession of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, from the reign of
+Edward the Confessor, with little exception, till the present time. They
+had for many centuries a palace here, but nothing of it remains except a
+private residence called Banwell Court, still interesting for its antiquity.
+The park has been divided into enclosures, which afford at every point a
+most pleasing variety of landscapes. The Bishop of Bath and Wells has
+also a cottage ornee, for the accommodation of his family and of the numerous
+visitors which are driven hither to view the two singular caverns
+which have been discovered of late years in this neighbourhood. The
+monastery of Banwell was founded by the early Saxon monarchs. Asserius,
+or Asser, the scholar and biographer of King Alfred, was made
+Abbot by that monarch. This Abbey was destroyed by the Danes; it
+was afterwards restored, but never recovered its pristine importance; for
+instead of arriving at the point of prosperity usual in Royal foundations,
+it sunk into obscurity long prior to the dissolution of religious houses.
+Banwell is remarkable for two extraordinary caverns discovered in the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Extraordinary
+caverns.</span>
+
+
+year 1824, which occasioned no inconsiderable number of the curious to
+resort to the village. They were first discovered by some workmen digging
+a shaft in search of Calamine, which intersected a steep narrow fissure;
+after they had descended about 80 feet it opened into a spacious cavern,
+150 feet long and 30 broad, and about 30 feet high. This is called the
+stalactite cavern, from the beautiful specimens of crystalized stalactite,
+which lay covering huge fragments of rock about the floor. In this place
+were found two pieces of candle, encrusted with lime, supposed to have
+been left by the miners after working for ochre, calamine, &amp;c. A rich
+vein of iron ore, with some cobalt and manganese, was also discovered,
+the working of which has long since commenced, and the produce is conveyed
+to the smelting works on the southern coast of Wales. The workmen,
+in order to facilitate an easier method of entrance, opened another
+fissure lower in the rock, when suddenly another cavern presented itself,
+the floor of which was covered with a mass of sand, limestone, teeth,
+bones, &amp;c. Professor Buckland, who surveyed this place, states, that a
+shaft being driven into this mass, proved it to have been nearly 40 feet
+deep. The bones consisted of various specimens of the ox tribe, including
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Antediluvian
+bones.</span>
+
+
+the elk. Skeletons of the wolf, and a gigantic bear, in point of preservation,
+like what are to be found in ordinary churchyards&mdash;supposed
+to be of antediluvian origin, where found here. In the roof of the cave is
+a large chimney-like shaft, formerly rising to the surface, but now
+blocked up by fragments of limestone, mud, and sand, adhering together
+by incrustation, and through which dreadful pitfall, it is presumed, this
+immense number of beasts were precipitated at the great inundation. The
+rubbish has been partially cleared, and the bones are used to decorate the
+sides of the walls. A British earthwork crowns the summit of the neighbouring
+eminence, enclosing, within its irregular rampart, an area of about
+20 acres; and, about a quarter of a mile further, is an entrenchment
+nearly square, the ground in the centre of which is elevated in the form of
+a cross.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, Jan. 18, and July 18, for cattle, sheep, and cheese.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Daventry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Welford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Crick</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>637</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barcheston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>L. Compton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>198</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Barcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Uckfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>931</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leyburn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bedale</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>231</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barden</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Paitley Brid.</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>218</td><td align='right'>214</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bardfield,(Great)[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Thaxted</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dunmow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>1029</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bardfield-Saling</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bardney[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>1098</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] BARDFIELD, (Great.) <i>Market</i>, formerly Tuesday (now disused.)&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, June 22, for cattle
+and toys.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] BARDNEY, anciently Beardanam, is situated in a marsh on the north
+bank of the river Witham. An abbey was founded in the time of the Saxons,
+prior to the year 641. Here Ethelred, divesting himself of the splendour of
+royalty, retired to devote his days to religion, and became superior of the
+monastery. King Oswald is said to have been buried here, but the body
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">King Oswald
+buried here.</span>
+
+
+was afterwards removed to the church of Gloucester. The hand was retained
+by the monks as a relique, to which they ascribed the power of
+working miracles, and for a long period imposed upon the credulity of
+superstitious pilgrims. In the year 870 the monastery was burned by the
+Danes, but was afterwards rebuilt by Gilbert De Gaunt, Earl of Lincoln,
+who annexed to it several extensive estates. At the dissolution its annual
+revenues were estimated at &pound;429. 7s.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Bardon Park</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>65</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bardsea</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ulverston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dalton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cartmel</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>276</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bardsey Isle[A]</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Aberdaron </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Pwllheli </td><td align='right'>20 </td><td align='left'>Nevin </td><td align='right'>18 </td><td align='right'>256 </td><td align='right'>84</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bardsey[B]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>331</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARDSEY ISLE, is near the south-east point of the promontory of
+Llyn, in Caernarvonshire: it is of a moderate elevation; in length two
+miles, and in breadth one. The third part of its contents of 370 acres,
+occupied by a high mountain, affords sustenance to a few sheep and
+rabbits. It is about a league distant from the main land, and only accessible
+to the mariner on its south-east side, where there is a small well-sheltered
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">No reptiles
+on this
+island.</span>
+
+
+harbour. There is no reptile ever seen on this island, except the
+common water-lizard. The soil is clayey, but produces excellent barley
+and wheat. The inhabitants are employed in cultivating the land, and in
+fishing. The abbot's house is a large stone building, occupied by several
+families, and near it is a singular chapel, or oratory, being a long arched
+edifice, with a insolated stone altar near the east end. Dubricius, archbishop
+of Caerleon, almost worn out with age, resigned his see to St.
+David, retired here, and died in 522. He was interred upon the spot, but
+such was the veneration paid to his memory in after ages, that about the
+year 1107, his remains were removed, by the procurement of Urban, then
+Bishop of Llandaff, and re-interred in the cathedral of that see, of which
+he had been the first bishop. St. Dubricius was a man of singular eminence
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">St. Dubricius.</span>
+
+
+for learning and piety. He was Archbishop of Caerleon, and Metropolitan
+of all Wales, in the time of Aurelius Ambrosius; and prior to
+this elevation, he taught a school on the banks of his native river, which
+was much resorted to from all Christian countries.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BARDSEY, comprises the township of Bardsey, with Rigton and
+Wathersome. Near the church is a mound called Castle Hill, supposed
+to have been the site of a Roman fortress. At Bardsey Grange, in this
+parish, resided occasionally, and died, Francis Thorpe, the tyrannical
+Baron of the Exchequer; but the same house is rendered memorable as
+the birth place of the poet Congreve, in 1670. This clever and celebrated
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birth-place
+of Congreve,
+the poet.</span>
+
+
+poet, was baptised in the church of this village in the month
+of February of the same year. When an infant he was carried to
+Kilkenny, by his father, who had the command of the army there.
+He received his education in the school of Kilkenny, and from these
+circumstances it is probable that persons had fallen into the erroneous
+impression that Congreve was a native of Ireland. In 1685 he was admitted
+into the university of Dublin. In 1691 he became a member of
+the society of the Middle Temple, but soon relinquished the dry study of
+the Law. At the age of twenty-one, he published his novel called "Incognita,"
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His works.</span>
+
+
+or, "Love and Duty Reconciled." Soon afterwards, he brought
+out the Comedy, called "The Old Bachelor," of which Dryden says,
+"he never saw such a first play in his life;" it was performed in 1793,
+with the most unbounded applause. Lord Falkland wrote the prologue.
+The singular success and merits of this production, recommended him to
+the patronage and notice of the Earl of Halifax, who settled him in an
+office of six hundred a year, and during his life patronised him in every
+way he could. His next piece was "The Double Dealer." On the death
+of Queen Mary, in 1693, he wrote a Pastoral on the occasion, entitled "The
+Mourning Muse of Alexis," upon the appearance of which King William,
+her husband, granted him an annuity of &pound;100. per annum. In 1695, he
+produced his Comedy, called "Love for Love;" and in 1697, the beautiful
+Tragedy of "The Mourning Bride." Having lived a high and honorable
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Died in
+Surrey-st.,
+London.</span>
+
+
+life amongst the most celebrated wits and classical men of the age, he
+died at his house in Surrey-street, in the Strand, January 19, 1729. On
+the 26th his corpse lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminster,
+and the same evening was carried into Henry the Seventh's Chapel, and
+afterwards buried in the Abbey. His pall was supported by the Duke of
+Bridgewater, Earl Godolphin, Lord Cobham, Lord Wilmington, Hon.
+George Berkeley, Esq., and Brigadier-General Churchill. Dr. Johnson
+says, "He has merit of the highest kind; he is an original writer, who
+borrowed neither the models of his plot, nor the manner of his dialogue."
+And Voltaire remarks, "That he raised the glory of comedy to a greater
+height than any English writer before or since his time."</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bardwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>799</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bare</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>K. Lonsdale</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>243</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Baresley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>M. Sorrel</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dereham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>420</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kineton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>748</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barford,(Great)[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>St. Neots</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>731</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barford,(Great)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Banbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chip Norton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>350</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barford,(Little)[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>St. Neots</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>176</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barford, St. John's, </td><td align='right'>ch</td><td align='left'>Oxford </td><td align='left'>Deddington </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Banbury </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Chip Norton </td><td align='right'>11 </td><td align='right'>72 </td><td align='right'> 131</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Barford, St. Martin,</td><td align='right'> pa </td><td align='left'>Wilts </td><td align='left'>Wilton </td><td align='right'>3 </td><td align='left'>Salisbury </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Hindon </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='right'>87 </td><td align='right'> 570</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barforth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>243</td><td align='right'>128</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARFORD, (Great). At this place is a piece of land, called White Bread
+Close, left, as is generally believed, by one of the Shepherd family, formerly
+residents of considerable opulence in the parish, for the purpose of
+purchasing loaves of white bread, to be thrown among the populace from
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+custom.</span>
+
+
+the church porch. This whimsical custom at last became such a scene of
+scrambling, fighting, and disorder, that it was prohibited by the curate,
+and the money applied towards the purchase of coals for the poor, at
+Christmas. The boys, and even men, seemed to have participated in this
+sport, the same as at a game at foot-ball, or other play; and an old gentleman
+in the adjoining village fully remembers taking an active part in
+the scramble, and bearing off the wheaten loaf in triumph.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BARFORD, (Little), is situated in the hundred of Biggleswade, and is
+chiefly celebrated as the birth-place of Rowe, the dramatic poet, who was
+born here in the year 1673. His father having designed him for the study
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Rowe, the
+Dramatist.</span>
+
+
+of the law, took him from school at the age of sixteen, and entered him
+a student in the Middle Temple. He made considerable progress, and
+was called to the bar, but Homer and Virgil had more charms for him
+than either Coke or Littleton. He was strongly solicited by his friends to
+practice, but nothing could overcome his affection for the muses; and his
+play, the "Ambitious Step-mother," having been received with great applause,
+he resolved to make poetry his profession. He had imbibed in his youth
+the most noble sentiments of liberty, of which he gave a specimen in his
+Tragedy of "Tamerlane." This was the second play that he wrote, and
+until of late years it was usual to perform it on the 4th and 5th of November,
+in commemoration of the gunpowder treason, and the landing of
+King William. Mr. Rowe being out of all employment, went one day to
+wait on the Earl of Oxford, Lord High Treasurer of England, when,
+among other things his Lordship asked him, whether he understood
+Spanish. He replied in the negative, and his Lordship said he would
+advise him to learn it as soon as possible. Rowe took his leave, applied
+himself to the study of that language, and expecting some lucrative employment,
+again waited upon him. How great was his disappointment, when
+his Lordship, on being informed of his acquisition, merely exclaimed,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Anecdote.</span>
+
+
+"How happy are you, Mr. Rowe, that you can now enjoy the pleasure
+of reading "Don Quixote" in the original!" His death took place on the
+6th of December, 1718, in the 45th year of his age, and he was buried
+with great funeral pomp, in Westminster Abbey, where a handsome
+monument is erected to his memory.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Barfreston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>65</td><td align='right'>114</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>19</td><td align='left'>Barham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='left'>Kimbolton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Alconbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Huntingdon</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'>73</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Barham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>1053</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>825</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barholm</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bourn</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>155</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barkby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>806</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barkby-Thorpe</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barkham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Wokingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bagshot</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>247</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barking[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Romford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Woolwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>8036</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barking</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham Mt</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stow Market</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>1884</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BARKING, in the hundred of Beacontree. The name is derived, according
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Origin of its
+name.</span>
+
+
+to some writers, from the Saxon words Beorce&mdash;a birch tree, and
+Ing&mdash;a meadow; but the most natural presumption is, that it takes its
+name from Berging, signifying a fortification in a meadow, and which seems
+to be borne out, as there is an encampment still to be traced, of the most
+extensive dimensions, being more than forty-eight acres in the area; near
+to which is a spring of fine water, which no doubt supplied the inmates.
+In 870, Barking was burnt by the Danes, and the abbey destroyed, and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Burnt by
+the Danes.</span>
+
+
+the nuns either murdered or dispersed. Soon after the conquest, King
+William retired to this place, while the Tower of London was being
+erected, not deeming it safe to continue in that city; and here he was
+visited during the preparation for his coronation, by Earl Edwin, of
+Mercia; Morcar, Earl of Northumberland; and many others of the
+nobility, who swore fealty to him, on the restoration of their estates. It
+is situated on the river Roding, which branches off in two different
+streams, and unites with the Thames about two miles distant. Barking
+Creek is navigable for ships of 80 tons burden, and the coal and timber,
+together with the fishing trade, is carried on to a considerable extent.
+About a hundred fishing smacks sail from this town. Near the creek is a
+large flour mill, formerly belonging to the abbey; and in the vicinity of the
+town are extensive potatoe grounds for the supply of the London market.
+Barking is rather a dull town, from the want of a main thoroughfare; it
+has the appearance of antiquity stamped upon it, particularly the market-house,
+which is an extensive and ancient building of timber and plaster, of
+the age of Elizabeth. Here is a town-hall and work-house. A free quay
+for landing goods, subject to a table of regulations, and a spacious new
+road from the Commercial-road, through Eastham and Wallend to
+Barking. The church is dedicated to St. Margaret, and is a spacious
+ancient structure, with a lofty embattled tower at the west end, having a
+beacon turret at one corner. A free-school, which now occupies part of
+the work-house, was founded by Sir James Campbell, in 1641, who bequeathed
+a sum of &pound;666. 13s. 4d. for that purpose. John Fowke, Esq.,
+bequeathed certain lands for the maintenance of eight boys in Christ's
+Hospital, two of whom are chosen from this parish. The importance formerly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Once a
+town of
+importance.</span>
+
+
+attached to the town of Barking was almost entirely to be attributed
+to the magnificent abbey that was established here in the year 670, by
+Erkenwald, Bishop of London, for nuns of the Benedictine order: it was
+dedicated to the Virgin Mary. This abbey was governed by a succession
+of Abbesses, of noble, and even royal descent After the destruction of
+the establishment by the Danes, in the year 870, it was again rebuilt in a
+style of greater splendour than before, and on the death of King Edgar,
+in 970, his queen became Abbess. From the earliest period to the time
+of its dissolution, it may be said to have been a seminary for the principal
+gentry of England. Its revenues amounted, at the suppression of the religious
+houses, to &pound;1084. 6s. 2-3/4d. Destruction has done its worst to this
+beautiful abbey, for at present little or nothing remains but the gateway,
+an interesting object, and in good preservation; over which is a room,
+called the Chapel of the Holy Ghost. This gateway was denominated
+the fire-bell gate, from its having anciently contained the curfew; it
+is a square embattled structure, with an octagonal turret at one of the
+angles. The arch of the entrance is finely pointed, and enriched with
+deeply receding mouldings; above is a canopied niche, under a fine gothic
+window of three lights. Among the ruins of the abbey were discovered a
+fibula, and a gold ring, on which were engraved, the Salutation of the
+Virgin Mary, and the initials I.M. The tyranny exercised over the
+tenants of this manor by the fraternity, would almost create a feeling of
+surprise in our present liberal and enlightened age, were they not perfectly
+well known in a thousand other instances. The manor of Clayhall was
+held under the Abbess and convent of Barking, by the following services:
+viz. that every tenant should come in person to the Abbey Church, on the
+vigil of St. Ethelburg the Virgin, and there attend and guard the high
+altar, from the first hours of Vespers till nine the next morning; and that
+he should be ready at all times, with a horse and a man, to attend the
+Abbess and her steward, when going upon the business of the convent,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Singular
+services by
+which the
+manor of
+Clayhall
+was held.</span>
+
+
+any where within the four seas. And, lastly, that the Abbess should have
+by way of herriot, upon the death of every tenant, his best horse and accoutrements:
+these services, however, did not exempt them from the quit
+rents. Besides the above tenure, there were other vexatious contingencies;
+viz. one (Robert Gerard) was among other services, to gather a full measure
+of nuts, called a pybot, four of which should make a bushel; to go a
+long journey on foot once a year to Colchester, Chelmsford, Ely, or the
+like distances, on the business of the convent, carrying a pack; and other
+shorter distances, such as Brentford, &amp;c., and maintaining himself upon
+the road. He was to pay a fine upon the marriage of his daughter, if she
+married beyond the limits of the manor. If his daughter had an illegitimate
+child, he was to make the best terms he could with the Abbess, for the
+fine called Kyldwyte. It appears also, that he could not even sell his ox
+fed by himself, without the Abbess's permission. Some of the tenants,
+according to Blount, were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the
+Abbess's prison. A few miles distant, in a glade in Hainhault Forest,
+formerly stood an oak, famed through many centuries, and known by the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Fairlop oak.</span>
+
+
+name of Fairlop Oak. Its age is traced by the traditions of the country half
+way through the Christian era. Part of this noble tree has been converted
+into the pulpit of St. Pancras new church. Its rough fluted stem was 36
+feet in circumference, and about a yard from the ground, divided into
+eleven immense arms; yet not in the horizontal manner of an oak, but
+rather that of a beech. Beneath its shade, which formerly overspread an
+area of three hundred feet in circuit, an annual fair was held on the 2nd
+of July, and no booth was suffered to be raised beyond the extent of its
+boughs. The fair is still continued on the same spot the first Friday in
+July.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i> disused.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, October 22, for toys. It lies within the three-penny post delivery.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barkisland</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Halifax</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Rochdale</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>2292</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barkston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Belvoir Cas.</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bingham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barkstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Folkingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>430</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barkstone Ash</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>265</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Puckeridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='right'>1108</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barkwith, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>M. Raisin</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'>187</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barkwith, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barlaston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>514</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Barlavington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Petworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>111</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barlborough</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>713</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barlby</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barleston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Bosworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>582</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>704</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>707</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Barleythorpe</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>....</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barling</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Prittlewell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Southend</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>45</td><td align='right'>317</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barlings</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bardney</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>280</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barlow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>225</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barlow, Great</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dronfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>154</td><td align='right'>581</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barlow, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>58</td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barmby on the M.</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>180</td><td align='right'>525</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barnby on Don</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>168</td><td align='right'>617</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Barmby on Moor,</td><td align='right'>to &amp; p</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pocklington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>440</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Barmele</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holywell</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>115</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barmer</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Barming[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tonbridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chatham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>33</td><td align='right'>565</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Barmouth[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Dolgelly</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Harleigh</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Towyn</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>1980</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Barmpton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>244</td><td align='right'>90</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Barmston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Sunderland</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>269</td><td align='right'>73</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barmston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Driffield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>223</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barnacle</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rugby</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>219</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barnack</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Wansford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Peterboro'</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>812</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barnaker</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Garstang</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>232</td><td align='right'>519</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Barnard Castle[C] </td><td align='right'>t &amp; p</td><td align='left'> Durham </td><td align='left'>Middleton </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Darlington </td><td align='right'>17 </td><td align='left'>Staindrop </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='right'>246 </td><td align='right'> 4430</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARMING. Of this village the learned antiquarian, Mark Noble, was
+rector. His principal works were a history of the College of Arms, a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Mark Noble.</span>
+
+
+Genealogical History of the Royal Families of Europe, Memoirs of the
+Protectorate House of Cromwell; and, also, of the illustrious house of
+Medici. On St. Thomas's Day there is an annual solicitation for charity,
+and with the money raised loaves of bread are purchased, and distributed
+to the resident poor. Great quantities of hops, cherries, and
+filberts, are grown in this parish.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] BARMOUTH, near the conflux of the river Maw, or Mawddach, is a
+village singularly situated; the houses are disposed, either among the
+sand, in a low situation, or at different heights on the side of a huge
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A very
+curiously
+built town.</span>
+
+
+rock, like a part of the city of Edinburgh, and are said to resemble the
+town of Gibraltar. These houses form eight tiers, to which there is
+no approach, but by steps cut in the rock. The floors of one row
+are about level with the tops of the chimnies immediately in front; so
+that a person standing at his door may look down the chimnies of
+the neighbourhood below. The first range regales the second with
+its smoke, the second the third, &amp;c. till we arrive at the uppermost, which,
+in a westerly wind, takes the mixed perfume of all. Barmouth is
+the port of Merionethshire, not far from which the river Mawddach has
+its commencement. "Proceeding along the banks of this river towards
+Dolgelly," says Mr. Bingley, "when it was high water, the whole bed of
+the river being filled, made the different landscapes in the scene appear
+truly picturesque. The first two miles which lay along, what the inhabitants
+of Barmouth call, the Beach, formed the most interesting part of
+the journey. In the composition of the views, scarcely any thing appeared
+wanting; there was every requisite of mountain and vale, wood, water,
+meadows, and rocks, arranged in beautiful order. Beyond the beach, the
+road winds at a little distance from the river, among the low mountains;
+and from different stations, I had views of the most elegant and picturesque
+landscapes, the river partly hidden by intervening mountains.
+This stream is much diminished in width and depth: at present it will not
+admit so much as a pleasure-boat to reach Dolgelly, which obliges company
+to walk three-quarters of a mile to the town."</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BARNARD CASTLE. The castle from which the town appears to
+have derived its name, was founded by Barnard, son of Guy Baliol, who
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Guy Baliol.</span>
+
+
+accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and to whom William
+Rufus granted the noble forests of Teesdale and Marwood. Edward the
+First, determined to mortify the Bishop of Durham and to abridge his
+power; he, therefore, gave this castle to Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,
+in whose family it continued for five generations. It afterwards
+came to the crown, and the tyrant Richard III. who took very great delight
+in this place, contributed much to its beauty by the most tasteful embellishments;
+his armorial bearings still appear, not only on the castle but
+over many parts of the town, and it has been a crown domain ever since.
+Hutchinson in his history of the county of Durham, describes the remains
+of the castle as covering about six acres and three quarters of ground.
+The parts which were of chief strength, stand on the very brink of a steep
+rock, about eighty feet above the level of the river Tees, commanding a
+most beautiful prospect up the river. The area on the side of the market-place,
+appears not to have had any communication with the chief strongholds
+and bulwarks of the fortress, and is separated from the interior
+buildings by a deep fosse which surrounds the rest of the castle. In an
+adjoining ground called the Flatts, is a large reservoir cut in swampy
+ground; water was collected and conveyed to the castle in pipes, to supply
+the garrison and cattle enclosed within the walls of the outer areas in
+times of public danger. This area is now a pasture for sheep, and other
+parts enclosed by the walls have been converted into orchards.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Wednesday in Easter and Whitsun Week, St. James's Day,
+and July 25, for horses, cattle, and sheep.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, W. Skinner and Co. draw on Barclay
+and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, King's Head, and Rose and Crown.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 6.40 morning; departs 2.40
+afternoon.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barnardiston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Clare</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnbow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnbrough[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>520</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barnby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>303</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barnby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Whitby</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Guisboro</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>224</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barnby-on-Moor</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>East Retford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>148</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BARNBROUGH. The church is dedicated to Saint Peter, and
+contains a rude painting commemorative of "a serious contest that took
+place between a man and a wild cat." This conflict, which every body
+in Barnbrough firmly believes, is said to have occurred about the middle
+of the fifteenth century, between Percival Cresacre, lord of the manor, and
+a wild cat o' mountain. He is reported to have been attacked in one of
+the little woods in the neighbourhood, by this furious animal, and a running
+fight was kept up till they reached the church porch, where the
+mortal combat ended in the death of both. That some such circumstance
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Contest between
+the lord of
+the manor and
+a wild cat.</span>
+
+
+did occur, is conjectured from the crest which the family afterwards
+adopted, viz. a cat o' mountain, which is still to be seen on the tower of
+the church; and the tradition is said to be further confirmed by the figure
+of an animal at the foot of the oak statue of this Cresacre, and also a
+rubiginous stone in the pavement of the porch of the church. We have
+many evidences in history that cats were beasts of chase, particularly in
+the charter of Ranulph Piperking, granted by Edward the Confessor:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Hart and hind, doe and bock,<br />
+Fox and cat, hare and brock.
+</p>
+
+<p>and again,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Four greyhounds and six raches,<br />
+For hare and fox and wild cates.
+</p>
+
+<p>In the church is an ancient monument of Alicia Cresacre, wife of the
+above gentleman, who died in 1450, on which is carved in old text:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Our bodys in stonys lye full still,<br />
+Our saulys in wandyr at Godys will.
+</p>
+
+<p>In the north chancel is the monument of Percival Cresacre, a richly decorated
+altar-tomb under a flat arch, at the crown of which is the family
+arms, viz. three lions rampant, purple, on a gold shield. The effigies of
+Cresacre is in fine preservation, composed of carved oak, and representing
+a knight in a suite of plate armour, with his arms painted on a shield,
+and an animal (supposed to be a lion) at his feet. His sword which hung
+from his belt has been taken away, and both monuments are decorated
+with the favorite device of the family, a rosary of beads.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barnby-in-Willows</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>237</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Barnes</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Kingston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chiswick</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wandsworth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>1417</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Barn-Elms[A]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BARN-ELMS. On the adjoining common stood the house in
+which the members of the celebrated Kit Cat Club assembled. Their
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Kit Cat
+Club house.</span>
+
+
+original place of meeting was in London, but Jacob Tonson, the bookseller,
+who was their secretary, caused it to be transferred to a house
+belonging to himself, at Barn-Elms, and built a handsome room for
+their accommodation. The portrait of each member was painted by Sir
+Godfrey Kneller, but the apartment not being sufficiently large to receive
+half-length pictures, a shorter canvas was adopted, and hence proceeded
+the technical term of Kit Cat size. We give a further account of this
+club from the graphic pen of Sir Richard Phillips, in his "Morning's
+Walk from London to Kew," 1817. "A lane in the north-west corner
+of the common brought me to Barn-Elms, where now resides a Mr.
+Hoare, a banker, of London. The family were from home, and I had
+some difficulty to gain admittance, the servants knowing nothing either
+of the club, or its former occupant. A walk covered with docks, thistles,
+nettles, and high grass, led from the remains of a gateway in the garden
+wall to the door which opened into the building. Ah! thought I, through
+this desolate avenue, the finest geniuses in England daily proceeded to meet
+their friends. Yet, within a century, how changed&mdash;how deserted&mdash;how
+revolting! A cold chill seized me as the man unfastened the decayed
+door, and I beheld the once elegant hall filled with cobwebs, a fallen
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">As described
+by Sir Richard
+Phillips in
+1817.</span>
+
+
+ceiling, and accumulating rubbish. The door on the left led to a spacious,
+and once superb, staircase&mdash;now in ruins. The entire building, for want
+of ventilation, having become food for the fungus, called dry-rot, the
+timbers had lost its cohesive powers. I ascended the staircase, therefore,
+with a degree of danger to which my conductor would not expose himself,
+but was well requited for my pains. Here I found the Kit-Cat Club-room,
+nearly as it existed in the days of its glory. It is 18 feet high, and
+40 feet long, by 20 wide. The mouldings and ornaments were in the
+most superb fashion of its age, but the whole was falling to pieces from
+the effects of the dry-rot. My attention was chiefly attracted by the
+faded cloth-hangings of the room, whose red colour once set off the
+famous portraits of the club that hung around it. Their marks and sizes
+were still visible, and their numbers and names remained, as written in
+chalk for the guidance of the hanger. Thus was I, as it were, brought
+into contact with Addison and Steele, and Congreve, and Garth, and
+Dryden, and with many hereditary nobles, remembered only because they
+were patrons of those natural nobles. I read their names aloud&mdash;I invoked
+their departed spirits&mdash;I was appalled by the echo of my own voice.
+The holes in the floor, the forest of cobwebs in the windows, and a swallow's
+nest in the corner of the ceiling, proclaimed that I was viewing a
+vision of the dreamers of a past age; that I saw realized before me the
+speaking vanities of the anxious career of man. On rejoining Mr. Hoare's
+servant in the hall below, he informed me that his master intended to
+pull the building down, and form of it a riding-house. I learn that this
+design has since been executed. The Kit-Cat pictures were painted early
+in the eighteenth century, and about the year 1710 were brought to this
+spot, but the room I have been describing was not built till ten or fifteen
+years afterwards. They were 42 in number, and are now in the possession
+of a Mr. Baker, of Hertingford-bury, where I lately saw them
+splendidly lodged, and in fine preservation. It may be proper to observe,
+that the house of Mr. Hoare was not the house of Mr. Tonson, and that
+Mr. Tonson's house stood nearer to the Kit-Cat club-rooms, having a few
+years since been taken down." A person died in this place, leaving in his
+will an annual sum, to be laid out in roses to be planted on his grave. The
+spot is distinguished by a stone tablet on the outside of the wall of the
+church, enclosed by pales, with some rose-trees planted on each side of
+it. This tablet is dedicated to the memory of Edward Rose, citizen of
+London, who died in 1653, and left &pound;20. to the poor of Barnes, for the
+purchase of an acre of land, on condition that the pales should be kept
+up, and the rose-trees preserved.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barnet-Chipping[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Whetstone</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>2369</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Barnet, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Enfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Highgate</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barnet</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>547</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Barnet, Friern[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Finchley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Barnet</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hornsey</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>543</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barnetby-le-Wold</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Glanford-Br</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>532</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barney</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>115</td><td align='right'>263</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barnham</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'>384</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Barnham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bognor</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>148</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barnham-Broom</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Hingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>463</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BARNET. This small busy town occupies an elevated situation on
+the high north road; and near this place was fought, in the year 1471, the
+famous battle between the houses of York and Lancaster, which terminated
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Battle between
+the houses of
+York and
+Lancaster.</span>
+
+
+in the death of the Earl of Warwick, and established King Edward
+the Fourth upon the throne. An obelisk was erected by Sir Jeremy
+Sambrook, in memory of the battle in the year 1740. In the church is an
+altar monument in commemoration of Thomas Ravensworth, Esquire,
+whose effigy, in a recumbent position, is represented on the tomb in veined
+marble. He died in 1630. Several others of his family are also buried
+here; and among these, James, his eldest son, who erected and endowed
+an alms-house, or hospital in Barnet, "for six poor ancient women, being
+widows or maidens, inhabitants of the town; and neither common beggars,
+common drunkards, back-biters, tale-bearers, common scolds, thieves or
+other like persons of infamous life, or evil name or repute; or vehemently
+suspected of sorcerie, witchcraft, or charming, or guilty of perjury: nor any
+ideot or lunatic are admitted." The annual value of the original endowment
+is now about &pound;45.; besides which, the trustees have a further income of
+&pound;30. annually, arising from other sources. Another alms-house for six
+poor widows, was built and endowed about the year 1723, under the will of
+John Garrett, Gent., who bequeathed &pound;800. for that purpose. Near the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Mineral
+spring.</span>
+
+
+race ground, on Barnet Common, is a mineral spring, of a mild purgative
+nature, that was discovered about the middle of the 17th century, and
+was formerly in much repute. A few years ago a subscription was made
+for arching it over and erecting a pump. The town is at present governed
+by a presiding magistrate, a high constable and subordinate officers. The
+inhabitants of this township enjoy a very extensive common right over
+the adjoining wastes and chace. Between Barnet and South Mims, an
+extensive improvement has been effected in the road, which was a series
+of angular turnings and unnecessary hills, to an extent which renders it
+surprising how such glaring imperfections were suffered to exist, when a
+sufficiently direct line could be obtained.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Monday. <i>Fairs</i> April 8, 9, 10, linen drapery, mercery, toys, &amp;c. The harvest
+fair or Welsh fair, September 4, 5, Welsh cattle and horses; Sept. 6, mercery, &amp;c. and sometimes
+a few horses, pigs, &amp;c. The Leeds Mail arrives 9.11 evening, departs 7.48 evening.
+The Glasgow mail arrives 9.20 evening; departs 4.18 morning. <i>Inns</i>, Duke of Wellington,
+Green Man, and Red Lion.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BARNET, (Friern). John Walker, the author of a celebrated dictionary,
+was a native of this place, and was born in the year 1732.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Birth place
+of Walker,
+author of the
+pronouncing
+dictionary.</span>
+
+
+About the year 1767, he joined with a Mr. Usher in setting up a school at
+Kensington; this speculation not succeeding he removed to London, where
+he gave lectures on elocution. It is said that in his early youth he studied
+the art, intending to make the stage his profession, although his very
+questionable success induced him to adopt another pursuit. Mr. Walker
+was an amiable as well as a learned man; he was the author of several
+elementary works: such as "The Rhetorical Grammar," "Elements of
+Elocution," "Key to the correct pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and
+Scriptural names," and a "Rhyming Dictionary." He died at his house
+in Tottenham Court Road, August 1, 1807. This parish includes the
+hamlet of Colney Hatch, half of Whetstone, and a part of Finchley
+Common.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnhill</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barningham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Botesdale</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>514</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barningham</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Greta Bridge</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>550</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barningham, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Aylsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>227</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barningham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>42</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barningham Winter</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>114</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barnoldby-le-Beck</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnoldswick</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>2724</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnsham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Middlewich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>170</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>318</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barnsley[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Rotherham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Hudderfield</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>172</td><td align='right'>10330</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple[B]</td><td align='right'>bo.&amp; mt</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>S. Molton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ilfracomb</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>193</td><td align='right'>6840</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARNSLEY. This large market town is built chiefly of stone, but
+being surrounded by coal pits and iron works, the smoke from which
+obscures the air, it is generally known by the name of Black Barnsley.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The trade.</span>
+
+
+The black glass bottles made here are of excellent quality, and the manufacture
+of linen is carried on to a great extent. Here also is made the
+best wire in the kingdom for needles. The town is seated on the side of
+a hill; the trade and population have considerably increased since the
+completion of the navigable canal, by means of which communications
+are opened with Wakefield, and all parts of the kingdom. The land in
+the vicinity of this town is highly distinguished for its fertility; the manor
+is possessed by the Duke of Leeds.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Wednesday before Feb. 28, horned cattle and swine; May
+12, ditto; October 10, ditto, horses, and cheese.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 2.55 afternoon; departs 11.31
+night.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Becket and Co., draw on Glyn and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, King's Head, and White Bear.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] BARNSTAPLE is said to derive its name from Bar, which in the
+ancient British signified the mouth of a river; and the Saxon word Staple,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Incorporated
+by Henry I.</span>
+
+
+a mart. It is situated in the hundred of Braunton, and returns two members
+to parliament. The town appears to have been incorporated by
+Henry I., yet it retains some traces of feudal jurisdiction; a number of
+common burgesses claiming a right to vote with the corporate officers for
+members of parliament. The &pound;10. householders are about 607; the returning
+officer is the mayor, who with two bailiffs, two aldermen, twenty-two
+common councilmen, and other officers form the corporation. Barnstaple
+is one of the neatest and most respectable towns in the county; it
+lies on the eastern bank of the river Taw, in a broad and fertile vale,
+bounded by a semi-circular range of hills. The Taw here spreads to a
+considerable breadth, but from the great accumulation of sand, the port is
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Amusements, &amp;c.</span>
+
+
+shallow, and vessels of more than 200 tons are not able to enter. Over
+the river is a bridge of sixteen arches, which is said to have been built by
+one of the Tracys, at the time that family were lords of the manor. The
+streets are spacious and regular, and the buildings generally good. The
+town, indeed, boasts some of the marks of a metropolis; there are balls
+every fortnight, and a regular theatre, and nothing but a good pavement
+is wanted to make it highly agreeable. A noble quay extends some way
+along the river, terminated by a handsome piazza, over the centre of which
+stands the statue of Queen Anne, with an inscription, testifying to the
+loyalty of Robert Rolle, of Stevenstone, in this county, the erector. The
+woollen trade formerly carried on here with considerable spirit, greatly
+increased the wealth of the town, and enabled its inhabitants to erect a
+number of very respectable houses: this trade has of late failed, but the
+manufacture of baize, silk stockings and waistcoat pieces, still gives life to
+the place. Besides this source of wealth and population, the beauty of
+the surrounding country, and the cheapness of provisions, have induced
+many respectable families to reside here entirely; a circumstance which
+renders Barnstaple the most genteel town in the north of Devon. Here
+is a celebrated Grammar School, which has been founded about three
+centuries, and is famous for having educated a number of distinguished
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Eminent
+men educated
+here.</span>
+
+
+men; among whom were John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury: his Theological
+antagonist, Thomas Harding, Professor at Louvain: the poet Gay,
+and the learned Dr. Musgrave. Bishop Jewel was a learned divine, who
+lived in the reigns of the last sovereigns of the house of Tudor, and was
+born near Ilfracombe, in 1522. Having acquired the rudiments of his
+learning in this school, he was removed to Merton College, Oxford. He
+was a most zealous and able champion of the Christian faith; and was
+indefatigable in the pursuit of knowledge, even at the expense of his health,
+which was materially injured by the closeness of his application. About
+the year 1551, he obtained the rectory of Sunningwell, in Berkshire,
+where he was much beloved for his zeal and assiduity as a parish priest.
+When Queen Mary succeeded her brother Edward, Jewel was deprived of
+an office he held in the university; and, notwithstanding he subscribed to
+a confession of faith drawn up by the Catholics, yet suspicions were entertained
+of his sincerity, and fearing he should be prosecuted as an heretic,
+he withdrew from Oxford, and made his escape to the continent. On the
+death of Queen Mary, Jewel returned to England, and was received very
+favorably by Queen Elizabeth, who raised him to the bishoprick of Salisbury,
+in the year 1560. From this time until the day of his death, he was
+principally engaged in his pastoral duties, and in the defence and support
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Gay, the
+Poet, born
+here.</span>
+
+
+of the Protestant faith. He died September 1571. The admirable moralist
+and poet, Gay, was also educated in this school; he was the composer
+of "The Beggar's Opera," the notion of which appears to have
+been afforded by Swift. The purpose of this singular performance, was
+to bring into ridicule the Italian Opera, and it is not easy to define the
+mixture of pathos and ridicule which distinguishes this remarkable production.
+His celebrated "Fables," written for the instruction of the
+Duke of Cumberland, have been the means of unqualified delight to millions.
+His first poem, entitled "Rural Sports," and dedicated to Mr. Pope,
+gained him the friendship of that poet. The year following he was appointed
+Secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth: at this time he printed
+his "Trivia," in the composition of which he was assisted by Swift.
+He died of an inflammation of the bowels, in 1732, (sincerely lamented
+by all who knew him,) and was buried in Westminster Abbey,
+where his monument exhibits an epitaph by Pope, which is written with
+tasteful tenderness.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Friday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, September 19; Friday before April 21; second Friday in December,
+for cattle. These are considerable fairs, but are called great markets, as there is no
+charter to hold fairs on those days.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 7.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>,
+Pyke, Law and Co.; draw on Barclay and Co.; Drake and Co. draw on Esdaile and
+Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Fortescue Arms; Golden Lion; Kings Arms.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Park Gate</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>198</td><td align='right'>112</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barnston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Dunmow</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Braintree</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>215</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>730</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barnwell-All-Sts.[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>78</td><td align='right'>126</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARNWELL derives its name from some wells, which in the age of
+superstition, were widely famed for the miraculous cures they performed
+in diseases of children. Sacred veneration was at length paid them, and
+pilgrims from distant parts resorted hither to adore the spirit which infused
+such wonderful virtues into the waters. A castle was erected here
+in the reign of Henry I., by Reginald le Moine, and became afterwards
+the baronial residence of the family of the Montagues. The remains of
+this once magnificent structure consist of four circular massy bastion
+towers, each forming an angle of a quadrangular court, inclosed by walls
+three feet thick; the grand gateway on the south side is flanked by similar
+towers. The whole forms a fine and curious ruin, and is a rare specimen
+of the early Norman castellated form of building.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barnwell, St. And.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>284</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barnwood</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Painswick</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>419</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barr, Great[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Walsall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wednesbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>779</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barr, Perry</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>114</td><td align='right'>777</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Barrasford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>485</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Crewkherne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>468</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barrington, Great[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks &amp; Glos</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>532</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barrington, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Burford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>162</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>125</td><td align='right'>584</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>98</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Allenton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Cottesmore</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] GREAT BARR is an agreeable village, which has long been the property
+of the Scott family, who have here one of the finest mansions in the
+county. This seat stands in a beautiful valley, affording the most delightful
+prospects of hill and dale, varied by wood and water. Shady walks
+and rustic seats furnish the most attractive conveniences for the promenade.
+One object in particular fixes the attention; it is an urn near the
+flower garden, to the memory of Miss Mary Dolman, the cousin of Shenstone,
+whose elegant pen supplied a beautiful tribute in Latin. The
+summit of Barr Beacon, which is 653 feet in height, was the spot from
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Barr Beacon,
+653 feet
+high.</span>
+
+
+whence the Druids gave notice, by watch-fires, of their periodical sacrifices;
+and it was used both by the Saxons and the Danes, as a beacon to alarm
+the country in times of danger. The chapel of the village is of remarkable
+beauty; its eastern window contains a painting on glass by Mr. Eginton,
+who has improved upon the design of the Rev. Mr. Peter's "Spirit of a
+Child."</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] GREAT BARRINGTON is a parish containing about 1000 acres,
+including some portion of Oxfordshire within its limits, as well as a small
+tract belonging to Berkshire. Previous to the conquest, the manor was
+held by Earl Harold; the present owner is Lord Dynevor, Lord Lieut.
+and Cust. Rot. of Carmarthen. Barrington church appears to have
+been erected about the time of Henry VII. Beneath one of the windows
+of the aisle are the monument and effigies of Captain Edward Bray,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Capt. Edward
+Bray.</span>
+
+
+grandfather of Sir Giles Bray, lord of the manor, who is represented
+in armour, with a ruff round his neck and a sword girt on the
+"right" side. This peculiarity originated from the captain having killed
+a man at Tilbury camp; and, in token of his sorrow, he determined never
+more to use his right hand. Lord Chancellor Talbot was buried in this
+church; he was the son of William Talbot, Bishop of Durham, and was
+born in the year 1684. After being elected a fellow of All Soul's College,
+Oxford, he married, and consequently was compelled to give up his fellowship.
+When he left the university, he was admitted a member of the
+society of Lincoln's Inn, and was speedily called to the bar. He was
+chosen to represent the now disfranchised borough of Tregony, in Cornwall,
+and afterwards was made member for the city of Durham. He died
+in the enjoyment of the highest character, after a short illness, on the 14th
+of February, 1737. Few Chancellors have been more lamented, both in
+public and private life. Lord Talbot acquired universal esteem. The
+Hall was built by him in the year 1734, soon after which it was destroyed
+by fire. The grounds furnish a good specimen of the "ferme ornee,"
+(ornamental farm) and the park, about three miles in circumference, is
+well planted with a variety of beautiful trees.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>M. Wenlock</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Broseley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>351</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Mildenhall</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>856</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrow-Gourney</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Pensford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>279</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barrow, Great</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barrow-on-Humber</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>1334</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrow, North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Castle Carey</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ilchester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wincanton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>150</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barrow, South</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>139</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barrow-on-Soar[A]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Mount Sorrel</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>6254</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barrowby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Colterswor</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>687</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Barrowden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>485</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barrowford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Colne</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Burnley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>2633</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Barry</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Cowbridge</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llandaff</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Barry Isle[B]</td><td align='right'>Isle</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>169</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARROW. This large and pleasant village appears to have taken its
+name from an ancient tumulus. It is occupied principally by gentlemen
+farmers, many of whom, however, derive great profit from the quantities
+of lime which they get up and burn. This village having been for many
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Superior
+lime quarries.</span>
+
+
+centuries celebrated for a hard blue stone, similar to that in the vale of
+Belvoir, and when calcined, produces a very fine matter, from which
+is prepared a particularly hard, firm, and greatly esteemed cement. Various
+fossil remains are found amongst the limestone. One of the petrifactions,
+still preserved at Cambridge, with Dr. Woodward's fossils, is
+a plain and bold representation of a flat-fish, about twelve inches long.
+Mr. Jones, in his "Philosophical Disquisitions," notices it by saying,
+that "our country hath lately afforded what I apprehend to be the greatest
+curiosity of the sort that ever appeared. It is the entire figure of a bream,
+more than a foot in length, and of a proportionable depth, with the scales,
+fins, and gills, fairly projecting from the surface, like a sculpture in
+relievo, and with all the lineaments, even to the most minute fibres of the
+tail, so complete, that the like was never seen before." Dr. William Beveridge,
+one of the most learned prelates of the English church, was born
+here in the year 1638. At St. John's College, Cambridge, he applied
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The pious
+Beveridge
+born here.</span>
+
+
+himself with intense application to the study of oriental literature. He
+reviewed the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues,
+and produced a Syriac grammar. He was raised to the see of St. Asaph,
+in the year 1704, but he enjoyed his new dignity for a short period,&mdash;his
+death took place in the year 1708. In his divinity he was Calvinistic;
+from the simplicity and piety of his character, he was beloved by all
+parties. He lies buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BARRY ISLAND, the name of which has been thought to have
+been derived from St. Baroche, a hermit, who, according to Cressy, died
+here in the year 700. This island, which lets for about &pound;80. a year, is
+estimated to contain about 300 acres. In Leland's time there was, in
+the middle of it, a "fair little chapel used," but there was no dwelling.
+Since that period, however, a house has been erected for the residence of a
+farmer, which, in the summer, is converted into a boarding-house, for the
+reception of sea-bathers. The family of Giraldus de Barri, are said to
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Remarkable
+noises heard
+here.</span>
+
+
+have taken their title from this island, of which they were once lords.
+"It is remarkable," observes Giraldus, "that in a rock near the entrance
+of the island, there is a small cavity, to which, if the ear is applied, a noise
+is heard like that of smiths at work&mdash;the blowing of bellows, strokes of
+hammers, grinding of tools, and roaring of furnaces; and it might easily
+have been imagined, that such noises which are continued at the ebb and
+flow of the tides, were occasioned by the influx of the sea under the
+cavities of the rocks." Sir Richard Hoare, in his additions to Giraldus,
+observes as follows:&mdash;"Towards the southern part of the island, on a
+spot called Nell's Point, is a fine well, to which great numbers of women
+resort on Holy Thursday, and, having washed their eyes at the spring,
+each drops a pin into it. The landlord of the boarding-house told me,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+custom.</span>
+
+
+that on clearing out the well he took out a pint full of these votive offerings."
+On the main land, opposite the western extremity of the island,
+lies the village of Barry, near which are some remains of the castle. A
+few miles north-westward from Barry are the remains of Penmark castle,
+anciently the property of Sir Gilbert Humphreville, one of the followers
+of Fitzhamon. Llancarvan, in this vicinity, was once the seat of a religious
+house, said to have been founded by Cadoc the Wise, in the 6th
+century. Llancarvan is also distinguished as the birth-place of Caradoc,
+the Welsh annalist, who compiled a history of the Principality, from the
+abdication of Cadwaladyr, 686, to his own time. Tref Walter, or
+Walterston, in this parish, was the residence of Walter de Mapes, a
+writer of some note towards the middle of the 12th century. He was
+Archdeacon of Oxford, and Chaplain to Henry I. He built the church
+of Llancarvan, a large substantial edifice, and the village of Walterston,
+with a mansion for himself. His literary labours comprise a translation
+of the British Chronicle into Latin, and a Welsh version of Geoffrey of
+Monmouth's fabulous paraphrase of the same work. He wrote also a
+Treatise on Agriculture in the Welsh language.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barsham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Halesworth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>182</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barsham, (East)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Burnham M.</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>219</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barsham, (North)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>84</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barsham, (West)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Walsingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Creek</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>101</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>342</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Bartestree</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bromyard</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ledbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>132</td><td align='right'>50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bartherton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Audlem</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>34</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bartholomew</td><td align='right'>lib.</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Deal</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ramsgate</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>68</td><td align='right'>61</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barthomley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>449</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bartington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Northwick</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bartlow[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Linton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Haverhill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bartlow End</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>E. Illsley</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>14</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>168</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BARTHOMLEY contains several townships. The nave of the church
+has a richly carved wooden roof, dated 1589. On the 22d of December,
+1643, a troop of Lord Byron's passing through the village, made an
+attack upon this venerable edifice, into which several of the inhabitants
+had gone for safety; they soon got possession of it, and having set fire to
+the forms, rushes, and mats, made such a smoke that the men who had
+retreated into the steeple were obliged to call for quarter, but their assailants
+having got them into their power, are said to have stripped them
+all, and most cruelly murdered twelve of them in cold blood, three only
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cruel murder.</span>
+
+
+being suffered to escape. A free school was founded here, in the year
+1676, by the Rev. Mr. Steele, in which ten children are educated. In
+the year 1787, Mrs. Mary, Mrs. Margaret, and Mrs. Judith Alsager, ladies
+of the manor, obtained an Act of Parliament to enable them to finish a new
+church, or chapel, to be called Christ's Church, or Chapel, in that township.
+The same ladies built a school-house, and founded a school there,
+for the education of children of both sexes.</p>
+
+<p>[B] BARTLOW. Near this place, are four contiguous barrows, known by
+the name of Bartlow Hills, from their situation with respect to Bartlow
+Church. These are vulgarly, though erroneously, regarded as the tumuli
+raised over the slain in the battle fought between Edmund Ironside and
+the Danish King, Canute, in the year 1016. It is evident, indeed, from
+our account of Ashington, at page 50, that the place of action should be
+sought for, rather in the vicinity of the sea than at the northern extremity
+of the county. Camden states, that these stone coffins, with broken human
+bones in them, were found in one of these barrows; and Hollingshead
+affirms, that two bodies were found in one stone coffin. Mr. Gough remarks,
+that we do not find the use of stone coffins amongst the northern
+nations in their Pagan state; and the Danes were not converted until long
+after the time of Canute. The origin of these barrows, therefore, cannot
+now be traced.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Presteign</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hereford</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rempstone</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>379</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Barton, (High),[A]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Appleby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Orton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Brough</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>272</td><td align='right'>1537</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>163</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barton Bendish</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Stoke Ferry</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Downham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>459</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Barton-le-Blount</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>60</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barton in the Clay</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Silsoe</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Luton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ampthill</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>720</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barton, St. Cuthbert</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>499</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barton, St. David's,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Castle Cary</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>410</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barton, (Great)</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ixworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Thetford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>74</td><td align='right'>702</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Barton Hartshorne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bicester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Brackley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>145</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Barton on the heath[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Shipston</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>L. Compton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Chip. Norton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>79</td><td align='right'>208</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARTON. Stockbridge Hall, an ancient edifice, was the seat of the
+Lancasters, whose arms are yet seen on the ceiling of the dining-room, and
+who continued here through twelve generations, when their estates fell to
+the Lowthers. The church, which is a low and extensive building, with a
+heavy tower between the chancel and the nave, contains the tomb of one
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Remarkable
+epitaph.</span>
+
+
+of the Lancasters; some escutcheons of several families in the neighbourhood,
+and a brass plate, on which is this remarkable epitaph:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Under this stone, reader, interred doth lie,<br />
+Beauty and virtue's true epitomy.<br />
+At her appearance the noone sun<br />
+Blushed and shrunk in, 'cause quite undone.<br />
+In her concentered did all graces dwell;<br />
+God plucked my rose that he might take a smell.<br />
+I'll say no more, but weeping, wish I may,<br />
+Soone with thy dear chaste ashes come to lay."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The lady thus extravagantly eulogised, was Frances, the wife of Launcelot
+Dawes; she died in 1673. Barton school was founded in 1641, by four
+priests, natives of this parish.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BARTON. Near this village is a large stone, called Four-shire stone,
+from its forming the point of junction of the four counties of Gloucester,
+Worcester, Warwick, and Oxford. Here once resided an attorney of so
+pacific a disposition that he usually acted as mediator when disputes arose.
+This anomalous person, named Dover, instituted the annual festivities
+termed Cotswold Games, and was for forty years their chief supporter.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cotswold
+games.</span>
+
+
+These diversions were celebrated upon the Cotswold Hills, in Gloucestershire,
+and prodigious multitudes are said to have resorted to them. They
+consisted of wrestling, cudgel-playing, leaping, pitching the bar, throwing
+the sledge, tossing the pike, with various other feats of strength and activity.
+A castle of boards was erected on this occasion, from which guns
+were frequently discharged. Dover received permission from James I. to
+hold these sports, and he appeared at their celebration in the very clothes
+which that monarch had formerly worn; but it is said there was much
+more dignity in his form and aspect. John Heywood, the epigramatist,
+speaking of these games, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"He fometh like a bore, the beaste should seem bold,<br />
+For he is as fierce as a lyon of Cotsolde."<br />
+</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Barton[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Brigg</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>167</td><td align='right'>3231</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Barton on Irwell</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Warrington</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>8976</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Barton, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Mildenhall</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newmarket</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>591</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Barton, St. Mary,</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barnard Cas.</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>....</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Barton</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Burton on Tr.</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Abbotts Brom</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>1344</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Barton Segrave</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamp.</td><td align='left'>Kettering</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Thrapston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wellingboro</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Barton Stacey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants.</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>626</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barton Steeple[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Charlbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>606</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Barton Street</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Ross</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>786</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barton in Street</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barton Turf</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worstead</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>391</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Barton Westcott</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Enstone</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Deddington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>64</td><td align='right'>258</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barton in the Willows,</td><td align='right'>t</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>206</td><td align='right'>202</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barugh</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Barnsley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'>946</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Barugh, Gt. &amp; Little,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pickering</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>New Malton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>294</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Barwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Hinckley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>M. Bosworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>1505</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Chipp. Ongar</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dunmow</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Chelmsford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>97</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Crewkherne</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>123</td><td align='right'>415</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Barwick Basset</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>164</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BARTON. This ancient town is pleasantly situated about three-quarters
+of a mile from the southern bank of the Humber. It was formerly
+surrounded by a rampart and fossee, the remains of which are still discernable.
+It was doubtless a place of great strength before the conquest,
+and served as a barrier against the irruptions of the Saxons and Danes.
+At the period of the conquest it was a principal port of the Humber, and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Once a
+place of
+importance.</span>
+
+
+until the rise of Kingston-upon-Hull it enjoyed an extensive commerce.
+At present its derives its principal consequence from being the point
+whence the communication with the Lincoln road is continued across the
+Humber to Hull, a distance of about six miles and a half.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Monday.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, Trinity Thursday, for cattle.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 3.0 afternoon; departs
+11.15 morning&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, The Waterside Inn.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[B] STEEPLE BARTON. In this parish is situated Rowsham, which
+was, for several centuries, the seat of the Dormers, and it continued in
+their possession until the decease of General Dormer, in the year 1750.
+That gentleman bequeathed the mansion and estates to his cousin, Sir
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Rowsham
+House.</span>
+
+
+Clement Cottrell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies to George II., who
+annexed the name of Dormer to his own, and in whose family the property
+has since remained. The situation is extremely fine, and the grounds,
+which were laid out by Kent, during the life-time of General Dormer,
+afford a variety of picturesque and pleasant views. The mansion was
+built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but a few alterations were made at
+subsequent periods. The walls are embattled, and the doors are singularly
+enough perforated with holes (with slides to cover) so as to admit
+muskets being pointed through them. There is a large hall, and valuable
+library, containing many old and rare authors. A very excellent collection of
+paintings, (about 180 in number), and of busts and other figures in bronze,
+(amounting to fifty-five), has also been formed here. Horace Walpole,
+in one of his eloquent letters to George Montague, has thus spoken of
+this place:&mdash;"But the greatest pleasure we had, was in seeing Sir Charles
+Cotterell's, at Rowsham: it reinstated Kent with me; he has no where
+shewn so much taste. The house is old, and was bad; he has improved
+it&mdash;stuck as close as he could to gothic; has made a delightful library,
+and the whole is comfortable. The garden is Daphne in little, the sweetest
+little groves, streams, glades, porticoes, cascades, and rivers imaginable:
+all the scenes are perfectly classic. Well, if I had such a house, such a
+library, so pretty a place, and so pretty a wife, I think I should let King
+George send to Herenhausen for a Master of the Ceremonies." The pleasure-grounds
+are beautifully shaded by flourishing and noble beech trees;
+they are also ornamented by several stone statues, which all throw up
+water, except a very fine one of the dying gladiator, and a group of the
+lion tearing the horse, by Sheemacher.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Burnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>35</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Barwick</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tadcaster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abberford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>188</td><td align='right'>1922</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Baschurch</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>161</td><td align='right'>1321</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Basford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Woore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>85</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Basford[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Arnold</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>6325</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Basford[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Longnor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bashall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>310</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Basilden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Streatley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>780</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Basildon</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Billericay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Gravesend</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Rochford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>27</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Basing, Old[C]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; ch</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Odiham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>1113</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BASFORD lies in a bottom, approached from the race-ground. The
+scenery around it is rich in the extreme. This village has greatly increased
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The trade.</span>
+
+
+of late, from various manufactures, and the improvements consequent
+upon them. Here are corn and cotton-mills, and the bleaching
+and dying branches of business are carried on with considerable success.
+The church has a very handsome spire, with a nave and side aisles in very
+good order, but there are no ancient inscriptions. The importance of this
+place has also been kept up, by its being the seat of the Court of the Honour
+of Peverel, since it was removed from Nottingham. It sits twice in the
+year, to try causes as high as &pound;50. A jail for the court is situated here,
+which Howard describes as having, at the time of his writing, merely one
+room, with three beds; but the keepers told him he had another little
+room for women prisoners, of whom there being none in his custody, he
+applied the apartment to domestic uses. A bowling-green, close by the
+jail, is much frequented by the inhabitants of Nottingham. At Mapperley,
+a hamlet in this parish, is a handsome seat of Ichabod Wright, Esq., a
+banker of Nottingham.</p>
+
+
+<p>[B] BASFORD. Here was born, in 1630, the celebrated Charles Cotton,
+a burlesque poet of the seventeenth century. He received his education
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Charles
+Cotton.</span>
+
+
+at Cambridge, and afterwards travelled through France. On his return
+to England he resided with his father at Basford, in the neighbourhood of
+the Peak. His first production was, a poetical essay on the gallant Earl
+of Derby. In 1656, he married a daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, a
+Nottinghamshire Knight. Two years after this his father died; he then
+succeeded him in the family estate, which was encumbered with mortgages:
+being of an improvident disposition, he was subject to constant
+embarrassments, and was even confined for some months in a prison for
+debt. After the death of his first wife, he married the Countess Dowager of
+Ardglass. He died at Westminster in 1687. Some of his poems, of considerable
+merit, were published after his death.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BASING, or OLD BASING, though a small village, is of some importance,
+as the scene of a desperate and bloody battle between the Danes and
+the Saxons, in 871, commanded by King Ethelred and his brother Alfred,
+when the latter were defeated. It was, however, rendered more famous
+by the gallant stand made against the parliamentary forces in the reign of
+Charles I., by John Poulet, Marquis of Winchester, a lineal descendant
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Great battles
+fought
+here.</span>
+
+
+of Hugh de Port, who, at the time of the Domesday Survey, held 55 lordships
+in this county. This small village was the principal of these extensive
+possessions, and appears to have been the very site of a castle, as
+mention of the land of the old castle of Basing is made in a grant allowed
+by John de Port, to the neighbouring priory at Monks Sherborne, in the
+reign of Henry II. His grandson, William, assumed the surname of
+St. John; and Robert, Lord St. John, in the 43d of Henry III., obtained
+a license to fix a pole upon the bann of his moat, at Basing, with permission
+to continue it so fortified during the pleasure of the King. In the
+reign of Richard II., Basing was transferred by marriage to the Poynings;
+and again, in the time of Henry VI., to the Paulets, by the alliance of
+Constance with Sir John Paulet, of Nunny Castle, in Somersetshire. Sir
+William Paulet, Knt., third in descent from this couple, created Baron
+St. John, of Basing, by Henry VIII.; and Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquis
+of Winchester, by Edward VI., was a very accomplished and polite
+nobleman, greatly in favour at court during most of the successive changes
+that occurred in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary,
+and Queen Elizabeth. He held the office of treasurer nearly 30 years,
+sustaining himself by the courtly maxim, of "being a willow, and not an
+oak." He rebuilt Basing Castle, in a magnificent, and even in a princely
+style; indeed, so much so, that Camden, in allusion to the immense expense
+of living entailed on his family by its splendour, observes that, "it
+was so overpowered by its own weight, that his posterity has been forced
+to pull down a part of it." Here, in 1560, he entertained Queen Elizabeth
+with "all good cheer," and so much to her satisfaction, that she playfully
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Queen
+Elizabeth
+splendidly
+entertained
+here for 13
+days.</span>
+
+
+lamented his great age; "for by my troth," said she, "if my Lord
+Treasurer were but a young man, I could find it in my heart to have him
+for a husband before any man in England." William, the great-grandson
+of this nobleman, and fourth Marquis of Winchester, had also, in 1601,
+the honour of having Queen Elizabeth for a guest for "thirteen days, to
+the great charge of the sayde Lorde Marquesse." During her residence
+here, the Duke of Biron, accompanied by about 20 of the French nobility,
+and a retinue of about 400 persons, were accommodated at the Vine, the
+seat of Lord Sandys, which had been purposely furnished with hangings
+and plate from the Tower, and Hampton Court, and with seven score beds
+and furniture, "which the willing and obedient people of the countrie of
+Southampton, upon two days' warning, had brought in thither to lend
+the Queen." When Elizabeth departed from Basing, she affirmed,
+that "she had done that in Hampshire, that none of her ancestors ever
+did; neither that any Prince in Christendom could do: that was, she
+had in her progresses, in her subject's houses, entertained a royal ambassador,
+and had royally entertained him." John, son of the preceding,
+and fifth Marquis of Winchester, was the brave nobleman who rendered
+his name immortal by his gallant defence of Basing House, in the cause of
+Charles I., during a tedious succession of sieges and blockades, which,
+with short intermissions, continued upwards of two years. The journal
+of the siege, printed in Oxford, in 1645, is one of the most eventful pieces
+of history during the civil war. The final investment appears to have been
+undertaken by Cromwell, who took it by storm, in October 1645, and
+burnt it to the ground, in despite of the Aimez Loyaulte, which the Marquis
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Burnt by
+Cromwell.</span>
+
+
+had written with a diamond in every window, and which has ever
+since been the motto of the family arms. The plunder obtained on this
+occasion is said to have amounted to &pound;200,000. in cash, jewels, and rich
+furniture. The number of soldiers slain before the walls from the commencement
+of the siege, is recorded to have been upwards of 2,000. There
+is a traditionary report, that the garrison was partly surprized through
+some of the troops being engaged at cards when the assault commenced.
+From a survey made in 1798, it appears that the area of the works, including
+the garden and entrenchments, occupied about fourteen acres and
+a half. The form was extremely irregular, the ditches very deep, and the
+ramparts high and strong; some of the remains are yet very bold and
+striking. The site of the ruins is particularly commanding. The canal
+from Basingstoke has been cut through a part of the works, and the outward
+entrenchments have been rendered very obscure and imperfect from
+recent improvements in the grounds. The brave Marquis, whose property
+was reduced to ruin in the cause of his Sovereign, lived to the restoration,
+but received no recompence for his immense losses. He died in 1674, and
+was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, who, when he saw that other
+men of sense were at their wits' end, in the arbitary and tyrannical reign
+of James II., thought it prudent to assume the character of a madman, as
+the first Brutus did, in the reign of Tarquin. He danced, hunted, or
+hawked, a part of the day, went to bed before noon, and constantly
+sat at table all night. He went to dinner at six or seven in the evening,
+and his meal lasted till six or seven in the morning; during which time
+he ate, drank, smoked, talked, or listened to music. The company that
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The sixth
+Marquis of
+Winchester,
+a singular
+character.</span>
+
+
+dined with him were at liberty to rise and amuse themselves, or to take a
+nap, whenever they were so disposed; but the dishes and bottles were all
+the while standing upon the table. Such a man as this was thought a
+very unlikely person to concern himself with politics, or with religion. By
+this conduct, he was neither embroiled in public affairs, nor gave the least
+umbrage to the court; but he exerted himself so much in the revolution,
+that he was, for his eminent services, created Duke of Bolton: he afterwards
+raised a regiment of foot for the reduction of Ireland. Charles, son
+of the former, and second Duke of Bolton, assisted in the great work of the
+revolution; and was one of the noblemen appointed at Exeter, in November,
+1688, to manage the revenues of the Prince of Orange, as Sovereign
+of England. In 1717, he was declared Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland.
+Charles, the eldest son, and third Duke of Bolton, filled several high
+offices in the state. This nobleman, on the death of his first wife, from
+whom he had long been separated, wedded the celebrated Lavinia Beswick,
+or Fenton, more known by the name of Polly Peachem, from her celebrity
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Polly
+Peachem.</span>
+
+
+in the performance of that character in the "Beggar's Opera." The parish
+church of Basing is a large, ancient, and curious structure, standing at a
+short distance from the site of Basing House, with a tower rising in the
+centre. In a niche at the west-end is a figure of the Virgin Mary: the
+roof is supported by round arches, springing from massive columns. This
+edifice was repaired in 1510, by Sir John Paulet, who, with his father,
+John Paulet, Esq., and their respective wives, lie buried beneath two
+arched tombs, one on each side the chancel. Beneath the south aisle is
+the family vault of the Paulets, in which six Dukes of Bolton, with many
+of their noble relations, are deposited. A mural monument has also been
+erected in this church to the memory of Francis Russel, Esq., F.R.S. and
+F.S.A., a native of Basingstoke, who assisted Mr. Nichols in his History
+of Leicestershire. He died in 1795.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke[A]</td><td align='right'>mt &amp; p</td><td align='left'>Hants.</td><td align='left'>Andover</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Winchester </td><td align='right'>17 </td><td align='right'>46 </td><td align='right'>3581</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BASINGSTOKE. This large, ancient, and populous town is situated
+in a pleasant and well-wooded part of the county, and commands a considerable
+trade from its standing at the junction of five great roads.
+In the "Domesday Book" it is mentioned as always having been a royal
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Royal
+manor.</span>
+
+
+manor, and as never having paid any tax, nor been distributed into hides: it
+is also noticed in that survey as having a market, whose tolls were worth
+"thirty shillings": we presume this to have been the weekly collection&mdash;a
+large sum in those days. From this town a canal was made to the river
+Wey, in Surrey; it was commenced in 1778. Its length is thirty-seven
+miles and a quarter, and the expense of cutting it amounted to &pound;100,000.
+A large portion of this sum was laid out in forming a tunnel, nearly three
+quarters of a mile in length, through a hill near Odiham. Besides corn and
+flour, coals, timber, manure, and goods of almost every description are conveyed
+to different parts of the country by this channel. The first barge
+arrived at Basingstoke Wharf in January, 1794. Among the numerous
+projected advantages which led to the formation of the canal, was, the presumed
+cultivation of Bagshot Heath, and other heaths within the line of its
+course. A beautiful ruin overlooks the town on the north side, called
+Holy Ghost chapel. This was founded by Sir William, afterwards Lord
+Sandys, who with Bishop Fox, obtained a licence from Henry VIII. to
+found a brotherhood, to continue in perpetual succession, for the maintenance
+of a priest to perform divine service, and for the instruction of youth
+in literature. On an eminence in the vicinity, is an ancient encampment
+of an elliptical form, supposed to be British, three thousand three hundred
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Aubrey
+Camp.</span>
+
+
+feet in circumference; it is called "Aubrey Camp," or familiarly "Bury
+Bank;" the ditch on the outside is partly filled up by the labours of the
+agriculturist; and in Rook's Down, in this neighbourhood, while cutting a
+new road in 1831, a number of human skeletons were discovered, supposed
+to be of those who fell in some battle fought near this place. The
+free grammar school adjoins the venerable ruins of the chapel of the Holy
+Ghost; it is an ancient edifice, and is supposed originally to have been the
+parish church. This grammar school was first founded by Sir William
+Sandys, in connexion with the "Guild of the Holy Ghost," and was
+re-established upon the dissolution of that fraternity, by Queen Mary, in
+the succeeding reign. There are twelve boys at present on the foundation.
+Drs. Jos. Warton, the refined poet and critic, and his brother Thomas
+Warton, Poet Laureate, were both educated here, under their father, Thomas
+Warton, B.D., Professor of Poetry in the university of Oxford, a writer of
+considerable ability. John De Basinge, a learned Greek scholar, a friend
+and contemporary of that intelligent historian, Matthew Paris, was a
+native of this town. He was a man eminent for piety and learning, and
+a perfect master of the Greek and Latin languages&mdash;an eloquent orator&mdash;an
+able mathematician, and a sound divine. Having laid the foundation of
+his university learning at Oxford, he went to Paris, and from thence to
+Athens; upon his return to England, he brought over several curious
+Greek manuscripts, and introduced the use of Greek numerical figures
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Eminent
+men born<br />
+here.</span>
+
+
+into this country; and to facilitate the knowledge of that rich language,
+which at that remote period was very little known or appreciated in the
+western world. He translated from the Greek, into the Latin, the celebrated
+Grammar, entitled "The Denatus of the Greeks," and the learning
+and piety of this truly good man, recommended him to the esteem of
+all the lovers of literature of that time: particularly that of Robert Grosteste,
+Bishop of Lincoln, by whom he was promoted from the Archdeaconry
+of London, to that of Leicester; he died in 1252. Among other
+subjects he wrote a Latin translation of the harmony of the four Gospels;
+and it was this learned individual that informed Robert, Bishop of Lincoln,
+that he had seen at Athens, a book called "The Testament of the
+Twelve Patriarchs," upon which the Bishop sent for it and translated it
+into Latin; this valuable MS. was first printed in 1555, and has often
+been reprinted in English. At Basingstoke, was also born Sir James
+Lancaster, an eminent navigator, who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
+explored the Arctic Sea. Thomas Warton, the historian of English
+Poetry, was descended from an ancient and honorable family in Beverly,
+County York, and born at Basingstoke, in 1728; from his infancy he
+discovered a vein for poetry, and at the age of nine years he wrote to
+his sister that remarkable production of his genius: viz. a translation
+from the Latin of Martial:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"When bold Leander sought his distant fair,<br />
+(Nor could the sea a braver burthen bear)<br />
+Thus to the swelling waves he spake his woe,<br />
+Drown me on my return&mdash;but spare me as I go."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>This curious document bears date from the school of Basingstoke, Nov.
+1737. In March 1773, at the age of sixteen, he was admitted a Commoner
+at Trinity College, Oxford, and soon after elected a Scholar. At
+this college Mr. Warton continued, with trifling intervals, forty-seven
+years. In 1745, he published "The Pleasures of Melancholy." In 1749,
+in consequence of a foolish riot occasioned by some of the scholars, Mason,
+the Poet, produced a poem called the "Isis," reflecting upon the loyalty
+of the college, upon which Mr. Warton immediately wrote the "Triumph
+of Isis," a poem of some merit, and a severe commentary upon the other
+production. About this time, his talents being generally acknowledged,
+he became Poet Laureate, and in 1750 he took a Master's Degree, and in
+1751 succeeded to a Fellowship. In 1754 he published his observations
+on the "Faerie Queene of Spencer." In 1757, upon the resignation of
+Mr Hawkins, of Pembroke College, he was elected Professor of Poetry,
+which he held according to the usual custom for ten years. He died,
+May 21, 1790. Basingstoke is one of the polling places for the northern
+division of the county.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Tuesday, for cheese and cattle; Whit-Wednesday for
+pedlary; September 23, for cattle and hiring servants, Devonport. <i>Mail</i> arrives 12.55 morning;
+departs 1.48 morning.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Raggett and Co., draw on Masterman and Co.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+Crown.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Basingthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Corby</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Folingham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>122</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Basingwerk[A]</td><td align='right'>vil</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Holeywell</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Park Gate</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Baslow</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Middleton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>863</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BASINGWERK. This place is chiefly celebrated for the remains of
+its ancient abbey; for the vestiges of a house belonging to the Knights
+Templars; and for a castle, once the key to this part of the country. The
+abbey, which had the names also of Maes-Glas and Greenfield monastery,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+Abbey.</span>
+
+
+is beautifully situated in a meadow between two hills, on the eastern side
+of the mouth of the Holywell river. It was founded, according to Tanner,
+in 1131, by Ranulph, Earl of Chester; others say in 1150, by Henry II.
+The abbot was frequently summoned to attend in parliament by Edward I.
+and at the dissolution of monasteries, the annual revenue amounted to
+&pound;150 7s. 3d. The remains convey an imperfect idea of the original
+architecture. The doors and lower arches were semi-circular and unornamented,
+the windows were long, narrow, and pointed; but the south
+wall of the transept, one doorway, and one pointed arch, are all that
+remain of the church, and the offices have entirely disappeared. At a short
+distance from the ruins is an oak of great age, called the Abbot's Oak,
+which measures fifteen feet two inches in circumference. But the oaks
+and elms in this neighbourhood, though of a large size, appear withered
+and blasted by the effect of the channel breezes; the sycamores and
+maples are the only trees that flourish; a useful hint to planters. The house
+for the lay order of the Knights Templars, was instituted by Henry II.,
+for the purpose of defence against the inroads of the Welsh, and of this
+no more than some portion of the offices remain. Vestiges of the castle
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Mostyn
+Hall.</span>
+
+
+are yet visible in the fragments and foundation of a wall at some distance
+from the abbey, on the very margin of Watts-dyke. On a slope among
+hanging woods, near the township of Bagilt, stands Bagilt hall, a substantial
+mansion of ancient erection, late the seat of Paul Panton, Esq.
+Mostyn hall, a seat of Sir Thomas Mostyn, exhibits a variety of interesting
+features. Approached by a venerable avenue and a magnificent gateway,
+it stands in a small but beautiful park; it consisted originally of a
+square tower and two halls, in the larger of which the festive orgies of
+the baronial board were performed; but large additions were made in
+1631, and many of its pristine features are defaced. Numerous paintings
+decorate the rooms, consisting for the most part of portraits, which illustrate
+all the varieties of costume in the several ages of their production;
+among the treasures of art are also many unique statues, busts, bronzes,
+and other articles of ancient or foreign production. In this neighbourhood
+are numerous collieries, the different appearance of which are phenomena
+interesting to the geologist. On the summit of a height called
+Mostyn mountain, is a monumental stone denominated Maen Achwynfan
+(the stone of lamentation). Its form is that of an obelisk; in height
+twelve feet, and two feet-four in thickness. It is probably a memorial of
+the dead slain in battle; but there appear to be no certain grounds for
+determining the period of its formation.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bassaleg[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>1664</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bassenthwaite</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Keswick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cockermth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ireby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>296</td><td align='right'>549</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Basset House</td><td align='right'>ex.p.lib</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lutterworth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>23</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bassingbourn</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>Royston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Potton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Caxton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>1446</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bassingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Navenby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>704</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bassington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Eglingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Whittingham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>312</td><td align='right'>613</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Baston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>M. Deeping</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bourn</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>709</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bastwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>117</td><td align='right'>219</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Baswich</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rugeley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Penkridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>546</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Batcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Cerne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>178</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Batcombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bruton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shepton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>839</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bath[B]</td><td align='right'>city</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>38063</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BASSALEG, a beautiful picturesque little village. In this parish
+was a Priory of black monks of the Benedictine order, founded by Robert
+de Haye, and Gundreda, his wife, between the years 1101 and 1120. No
+remains of this building exist but a ruin in a wood, about one mile distant
+from the church, called Coed-y-monachty, which is supposed to have
+been part of the structure. At about one mile distant, near the road to
+Llanfihangel, is a circular encampment, called Careg-y-saesson, but
+almost obscured by underwood. Its name has induced some to attribute
+it to the Saxons, but saesson is a term of reproach, which the Welsh
+bestow on all foreigners. The entrenchment is a single foss and rampart
+of earth. About one mile distant is another of a singular shape, with loose
+stones lying in the foss, probably the remains of walls. These fortresses
+are apparently British, and a meadow near Machen Place, called Maes
+Arthur, records the memory of that celebrated hero. From Bassaleg to the
+vale of Machen, the country is undulating and fertile. This vale is pleasingly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Machen
+place.</span>
+
+
+sequestered, yet intermixed with wildness and cultivation. The hills
+which skirt it are partly covered with herbage, and partly overhung with
+thick forests. The Rumney continues the boundary of the two counties
+of Monmouth and Glamorgan. This river, with the church, and Machen
+hill, almost covered with lime-kilns, give variety and cheerfulness to the
+scenery. Machen Place lies at the commencement of the vale, under the
+hanging groves of Rupara. A circular apartment called the hunting-room
+is decorated with a rich stuccoed ceiling, representing Diana in the middle,
+surrounded with seats, churches, and parties, in twelve compartments.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BATH. This ancient and far-famed city is the chief ornament of the
+west of England; that it is indebted to its medicinal springs for its origin
+as well as importance, there can be little doubt, but the period of its
+foundation is altogether unknown. The discovery of its springs, or rather,
+of their virtues, was for a long time ascribed to King Bladud, traditionally
+recorded "as the son of Lud Hudibras, King of Britain, about 2,500 years
+ago. In his youth he became infected with the leprosy, and, at the
+petition of the courtiers, who feared the contagion, was banished by his
+father from the palace. The Queen, on his departure, gave him a ring,
+as a token by which he should make himself known to her if ever he recovered.
+The young prince, when he reached Keynsham, met with a
+swineherd, by whom he was retained as an assistant. In a short time,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">King Bladud.</span>
+
+
+he perceived that he had tainted the pigs with his leprosy. To conceal
+this misfortune, he sought permission to drive the herd to the opposite
+side of the Avon, under pretext that the acorns there were finer, and more
+abundant. Passing the river at a ford, since denominated Swineford, he
+led his herd to the hills on the north-side of Bath. While he was addressing
+his prayers to the rising sun, the pigs, impelled by a sudden
+phrenzy, ran up the valley to the spot where the hot-springs, boiling up,
+
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The discovery
+of the
+Baths.</span>
+
+
+mixed their waters with the decayed weeds and foliage, and formed a bog.
+In this warm oozy-bed they began to roll, and wallow with delight;
+nor could their keeper allure them away, until extreme hunger pressed them
+to follow him. On washing them, he perceived that some had shed their
+white scurf; and he had not been many days longer in these parts, here he
+perceived that one of his best sows, which had been long wandering in the
+mire about the waters, was perfectly cured. Bladud, judging that the remedy
+which had succeeded in a particular instance, would prove generally
+efficacious, stripped himself naked, alternately rolled in the mud, and
+washed in the waters; and, after a few repetitions of this discipline, came
+out perfectly sound. Elated by this good fortune, he drove home his
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bladud and
+his pigs.</span>
+
+pigs, returned to court, and, shewing his ring, was recognized with rapture,
+and restored to his former rank and dignity. His father afterwards
+determined on sending him to Athens, to improve his natural genius. A
+splendid retinue was ordered to attend him; but Bladud preferred to travel
+as a private person, considering the parade of grandeur as an impediment
+to the acquisition of knowledge. After devoting eleven years to
+the study of literature, mathematics, and necromancy, he returned to
+Britain, was appointed Regent during his father's old age, and succeeded
+to the throne after his death. One of his first public works was the erection
+of a city near the springs, which thenceforward became the capital of
+the British monarchs. In his old age he devoted himself to the formation
+of visionary projects; the most daring of which was the construction of a
+pair of wings to fly with. In one of his attempts he fell and broke his
+neck, much to the grief of his subjects, who had enjoyed the blessings of
+his wise government more than twenty years." This account of the origin
+of Bath was long popular; but the inquiries of the present day have proved
+it unworthy of credit, and have adduced reasons to conclude that the city
+was founded by the Romans, about the middle of the first century. The
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Roman
+city.</span>
+
+
+form of the city approached to a parallelogram, extending on one side so
+as to form an outline somewhat pentagonal, and stretching in length, from
+east to west, about 1200 feet, and in the broadest parts, from north to
+south, 1140 feet. The wall, which enclosed this space, appears, from
+subsequent discoveries, to have been twenty feet above ground in height,
+and in thickness sixteen feet at the base, and eight at the summit,
+strengthened with five towers, rising at the angles, and having four port&aelig;,
+or entrances, facing the cardinal points, which were connected by two
+grand streets, dividing the city into four parts, and intersecting each other
+at the centre. Near the point of intersection were the springs, which the
+Romans converted into magnificent baths, by attaching to them suitable
+edifices, which, when complete, extended to two hundred and forty feet
+from east to west, and one hundred and twenty from north to south. The
+Roman appellation of the city, expressive of the genial heat and vigour
+derived from the springs, was Aqu&aelig; Solis, the waters of the sun. Roads
+were soon constructed to communicate with the neighbouring posts and
+encampments, and "a little Rome began to adorn a dreary and inhospitable
+wild." Agricola passed a winter here, after his successful campaign in
+Wales; and Arian erected here a "fabrica," or college of armourers.
+About the year 208, Geta, the younger son of Septimius Severus, resided
+in Bath, while his father was in Caledonia, quelling an insurrection.
+Some complimentary statues were raised on this and other occasions.
+The most eminent of the Roman structures was the temple of Minerva, on
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Their temples
+and baths.</span>
+
+
+the eastern side of the great fosse-way, and nearly mid-way between the
+Porta Decumana, and the Porta Flumentana. Its western front consisted
+of a portico, supported by large fluted columns, of the Corinthian order.
+Behind this temple, towards the east, stood the splendid baths, the foundations
+of which were discovered in 1755, at the depth of twenty feet
+beneath the surface. Of the remains of Roman grandeur discovered from
+time to time, various specimens are preserved, and deposited, by order of
+the corporation, in a small building erected for the purpose, at the end of
+Bath-street. In the year 493, a large army of Saxons, under the command
+of &AElig;lla, and his three sons, Cymenus, Pleting, and Cissa,
+encamped on Lansdown, and laid siege to Bath. At this period the heroic
+Arthur was performing wonders in favour of his countrymen. Apprized
+of the operations of the Saxon general, he hastened after him, attacked,
+and defeated him in a bloody and obstinate battle. About twenty-seven
+years afterwards, he again delivered Bath from the assaults of these ferocious
+invaders, by defeating a powerful army, on which occasion he is
+said to have slain four hundred and forty men with his own hand. John
+de Villula, a native of Tours, purchased the demesne of Rufus, in 1090, for
+five hundred marks, and obtained permission to remove the Pontifical
+seat from Wells thither; he rebuilt the monastery and church, restored the
+public and private edifices, and thus became the founder of a new city, on
+the ruins of the old one. Henry I. confirmed and extended the privileges
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The monastery.</span>
+
+
+which his predecessor had granted, by adding the hidage of the city; and,
+in 1106, Villula, then Bishop of Bath, conferred the whole on the monastery
+of St. Peter. Henry paid a visit to Bath in the Easter of 1107.
+The city remained in the possession of the bishops until 1193, when
+Savaric gave it to Richard I., in exchange for the rich Abbey of Glastonbury.
+The prior, however, continued to hold the city under an annual
+rent of thirty pounds, exclusive of the levies which were made by the king
+on extraordinary emergencies. One of these occurred in the forty-seventh
+year of Edward III., to the amount of &pound;13. 6s. 8d., a sum which conveys
+the idea of the inferiority of Bath, in point of population, to Bristol,
+which paid seven times as much. Four years after that period, the number
+of lay inhabitants in the city, above the age of fourteen, amounted to
+570, and that of the clerics, in the archdeaconry, to 201. In this and
+succeeding reigns the property of the monastery was greatly augmented;
+and the monks of Bath are said to have cultivated the manufacture of
+cloth to such an extent as to render it one of the principal cities in the west
+of England for that branch of trade. This city sent Members to Parliament
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Monks were
+clothiers.</span>
+
+
+as early as 1297. Queen Elizabeth, in 1590, granted a charter, which declared
+Bath to be a city of itself, and constituted a certain number of the
+citizens as a corporation, by "the name of the Mayor, Aldermen, and
+Citizens of the City of Bath." In the reign of James II. the corporation
+shut the gates against the Duke of Monmouth, when he summoned them,
+and apprehended the few adherents to his cause that remained within
+their walls. Six of these unfortunate persons afterwards fell victims to
+the vindictive cruelty of Jefferies. The Jacobite principles prevailed at
+Bath long after the revolution; and Carte, the historian, is said to have
+headed a party in favour of the pretender, during the rebellion of 1715.
+Being discovered, he leaped out of a window in his canonicals, and fled.
+The city is nearly surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills of considerable
+height. This range of hills opens to allow a course for the Avon, which
+winds around it, receiving numerous articles of merchandize, from hence
+conveyed in barges to Bristol. Bath is divided into four parishes: St. Peter
+and St. Paul, St. James, St. Michael, and Walcot, exclusive of the out
+parishes of Bath-Hampton, Bath-Wick, Bath-Ford, and Bath-Easton.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cathedral
+and other
+churches.</span>
+
+
+The parish of St. Peter and St. Paul occupies the centre of the city, and
+formerly contained two churches, the abbey church, and the church of St.
+Mary of Stall, which stood on the spot of ground now occupied by the
+houses connected with the Pump-room Piazza. The Abbey church of
+Bath is of that class of architecture commonly denominated the Florid
+Gothic. It remains in the same form as when finished in 1532. It was
+founded by Oliver King, Bishop of Bath and Wells. It is in length, from
+east to west, 210 feet; length of the cross aisles, from north to south, 126
+feet; breadth of the body and aisles, 72 feet; height of the tower, 152
+feet; and the height of the roof, or vaulting, 78 feet. The west window
+is of extreme richness. The buttresses, on each side of the aisle windows,
+are ornamented with rolls, containing inscriptions, not now legible, but are
+said to contain the following allegorical allusion to the founder's name,
+taken out of the book of Judges, chap. ix. verse 8:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Trees, going to choose their king,<br />
+Said&mdash;be to us the Olive king."
+</p>
+
+<p>The windows of this church, fifty-two in number, are supposed to have
+given rise to its appellation of the Lantern of England. Here are various
+monuments, ancient and modern, and a handsome altar-piece, representing
+The Wise Men's Offering, given by General Wade. Here is also a fine
+specimen of monumental architecture in the little chapel, or oratory of
+Prior Bird, who died in 1525. This chapel has suffered much from having
+its tracery despoiled, and a part of it cut away to make room for a wooden
+seat, called the Bishop's Throne. One of the most beautiful and conspicuous
+monuments which ornament the transepts and nave is, that of
+Bishop Montague, at the north centre end of the nave. It is an altar-tomb,
+over which the effigy of the prelate in his robes, lies prostrate on its
+
+<span class="sidenote">Quin's monumental<br />
+inscription.</span>
+
+back. Opposite to this is a pillar, bearing a neat monument, having on a
+pyramid of Sienna marble, a medallion, with a half-length figure of the
+witty and celebrated Quin. On a tablet below is the following inscription:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"That tongue which set the table in a roar,<br />
+And charm'd the public ear, is heard no more:<br />
+Closed are those eyes, the harbingers of wit,<br />
+Which spake, before the tongue, what Shakspeare writ;<br />
+Cold is that hand, which living was stretch'd forth,<br />
+At friendship's call to succour modest worth.<br />
+Here lies James Quin:&mdash;Deign, reader, to be taught,<br />
+Whate'er thy strength of body, force of thought,<br />
+In nature's happiest mould however cast,<br />
+'To this complexion thou must come at last.'  D. GARRICK.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Ob. MDCCLXVI. Etatis LXXIII."</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>Near the last mentioned monument lies buried the celebrated Beau Nash,
+long master of the ceremonies at Bath. Richard Nash was a native of
+Swansea in Glamorganshire, and was born October 18, 1674. His parents
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Account of
+the celebrated Beau
+Nash.</span>
+
+
+were in a respectable situation of life; and young Nash received a
+competent classical education at Carmarthen school, from whence he was
+sent to Jesus College, Oxford, at the early age of sixteen. He was intended
+for the profession of the law; but this study was too dull and dry
+for a person of his volatile turn. Pleasure was the goddess he adored;
+and to whose service he devoted himself. He soon involved himself in an
+intrigue with an artful female in Oxford, of which description there are
+always numbers who are laying baits for young men of family or personal
+appearance, and in consequence of this he was removed from the University.
+His relations now purchased a pair of colours for him in the army; and
+here his taste for gallantry and dissipation would have been fully gratified,
+had not his inferior rank, and the duties attached to it, subjected him to
+subordination and restraint, which appeared intolerable to a man born for
+empire, and whose ruling passion was too strong to submit to control.
+He, therefore, left the army in disgust, and returned to the law, which he
+had discarded, by entering himself a student of the Middle Temple. Soon
+afterwards Nash was presented with an opportunity of exercising his natural
+talents. It had been an ancient custom with the society to which he
+now belonged, to entertain every new sovereign with a revel and a pageant.
+On the accession of William, Prince of Orange, Nash was selected as the
+most proper person to conduct this mighty business; and he succeeded so
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Refused to
+be knighted.</span>
+
+
+well, that, it is said, William offered to knight him, an honour which he
+declined. His abilities, however, had attracted public notice, and this
+paved the way to his future success. Bath then beginning to rise into
+some little repute as a place of fashionable resort, Nash was induced to
+visit it in pursuit of pleasure, and soon made himself conspicuous by his
+taste, wit, and gaiety. At this period, it was the fashion for both sexes to
+bathe together quite naked, and for ladies to adorn their heads before they
+entered the bath with all the lures of dress. By these means their charms
+were set off to such advantage, that the husband of a lady in the Cross
+Bath, who with Nash and other spectators were admiring the female
+dabblers, told his wife "she looked like an angel, and he wished to be with
+her." Nash seized the favourable occasion to establish his reputation as a
+man of gallantry and spirit, and therefore suddenly taking the gentleman
+by the collar and the waistband of his breeches, soused him over the
+parapet into the bath. The consequence was a duel, in which Nash was
+wounded in the sword-arm; and, as it does not appear he was fond of fighting,
+it is probable that this incident prompted him when he rose to power,
+to issue his edict against wearing swords at Bath, "except by such as
+were not entitled to wear them at any other place." About this time a
+vacancy happening in the office of master of the ceremonies, a place hitherto
+of little profit or honour, the well known talent of Nash for the direction
+and invention of amusements, operated so much in his favour, that he
+was chosen "arbiter elegantiarum," and invested with the fullest power
+to order, arrange, and improve, the manner of the company, routine of
+amusements, and points of etiquette. Under the equal administration of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Conduct of
+Nash towards the
+Princess
+Amelia.</span>
+
+
+Nash, no rank could protect the offender, nor any dignity of situation
+influence him to connive at a breach of his laws. He deliberately desired
+the Duchess of Queensbury, who appeared at a dress ball in an apron, to
+take it off; and when the Princess Amelia requested to have one dance
+more after eleven o'clock, he replied, that the laws of Bath, like those of
+Lycurgus, were unalterable. This firmness of character was attended
+with the most beneficial consequences; and Nash, not ignorant what
+majesty is when stripped of its externals, took care by his dress and equipage
+to support the rank he assumed. He wore a large white hat, and
+drove a carriage with six greys, escorted by several persons on horseback,
+and foot, with French horns and other kinds of musical instruments.
+The Prince of Wales, the Prince of Orange, the nobility and gentry, all
+treated him with respect; and the corporation, who might be considered
+as his privy council, never took any steps without his fiat. His prosperity
+was of long duration; and, if a man who supported himself by
+gambling and intrigues, can be said to deserve prosperity, it was
+justly due to this celebrated character: but at length age and infirmities
+approached! and though Horace says, we should preserve consistency to
+the last, it appeared ridiculous to see grey hairs and decrepitude aping the
+gaiety and hilarity of youth. His admirers in consequence fell off; and
+he lived to be sensible of the folly of a life solely devoted to pleasure, and
+the vanity of pomp, whether real or affected.&mdash;Beau Nash died February
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His death.</span>
+
+
+3, 1761, and was buried at the expence of the corporation, in the abbey
+church, with much pomp and solemnity. The crowd that attended his
+funeral was so great, that not only the streets were filled, but the very
+tops of the houses were covered with spectators.&mdash;Amongst the places of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dissenting
+Chapels.</span>
+
+
+worship for the Dissenters, are the Unitarian chapel, in Trim Street; the
+Baptist chapel, in Garrard Street; the Quaker's meeting-house on St.
+James's Parade; the chapel of the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians, in
+Monmouth Street; a chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists, in
+New King Street; an Independant Calvinist chapel, in Argyle Street; a
+sort of semi-episcopal chapel, in the connection of the late Countess of
+Huntingdon, in Harlequin Row; and a Roman Catholic chapel in
+Orchard Street. The original pump-room, began in 1704, was opened
+under the auspices of Mr. Nash. Its object was to enable the drinkers
+to take exercise without exposing themselves to the weather. The room
+was enlarged in 1751; a portico, stretching from it in a northerly direction,
+was added in 1786; and a superb western frontispiece in 1791.
+Five years afterwards, Mr. Baldwin the architect, erected a new pump-room
+on the site of the old one, on a more extensive and magnificent
+scale. During the full season, a company of musicians perform in the
+gallery every morning. Those who drink the waters, are expected to pay
+about a guinea per month, besides a gratuity to the pumper. The public
+baths are the King's Bath, and Queen's Bath, which are connected with
+each other; the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath. The private baths are
+those belonging to the corporation, in Stall Street, adjoining the King's
+Bath, built in 1788, with dry pumps, sudatories, and every other accommodation;
+and the neat and convenient baths, called the Duke of Kingston's,
+or the Abbey Baths, belonging to Earl Manvers. The latter are
+supplied from the same source as the great pump-room. The Bath
+springs are said to have three distinct sources, the King's Bath, the Hot
+Bath, and the Cross Bath, which arise within a small distance of each
+other. They contain a small quantity of carbonic acid gas, and also of
+azotic gas; some sulphate of soda, and muriate of soda; selenite, carbonate
+of lime; siliceous earth; and a portion of oxyd of iron. These
+waters, taken internally, operate as a stimulant; they increase the action
+of the blood-vessels, and promote the various secretions, particularly those
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Use of the
+waters in
+certain disorders.</span>
+
+
+of urine and perspiration. The diseases in which their external and internal
+uses render most service, are affections of the liver and stomach,
+jaundice, hypochondriasis, and chlorosis. They are especially efficacious
+in that state of gout termed atonic. The external application of the water
+is highly beneficial in palsy, chronic rheumatism, cutaneous diseases,
+scrofula, lameness, contractions, &amp;c. The water, in all cases, should if
+practicable, be drunk hot from the pump. Its effect on the stomach and
+nerves are sometimes remarkably speedy; persons who have lost their
+appetites and spirits by high living, have, by using them a few days, recovered
+their powers of digestion and cheerfulness of mind. The quantity
+taken is seldom more than a pint and a half in the course of the day,
+and is divided into three portions, two before breakfast, allowing half an
+hour between them, and a third at noon. The condition of the patient is,
+however, to be strictly attended to: and the quantity must be regulated
+at the discretion of the physician. The General Hospital of this city was
+established for the reception of all the sick poor in the united kingdom,
+whose complaints require relief from the springs of the place; excepting
+the resident poor, who have the advantage of taking the waters at their
+own houses, at a moderate charge. Edward the Sixth granted upwards
+of eighty tenements, gardens, &amp;c. within the city and its suburbs, for the
+purpose of founding a grammar-school at Bath, and maintaining ten
+poor folk within the said town for ever. The Bath Theatre is scarcely
+inferior to those of the metropolis. The present building was erected
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Theatre.</span>
+
+
+about the year 1805, in the centre of the city; and from its height, it
+forms a prominent object in the distance from all its environs. There
+are three entrances; the grand front being in Beaufort Square. The audience
+part is somewhat smaller than was that of the late Covent Garden
+Theatre, but the space behind the curtain is much larger. The length,
+within the main walls, is one hundred and twenty feet; the breadth sixty
+feet; and the height seventy. The exterior buildings are very extensive;
+there are three lofty tiers of boxes, affording a depth of rows towards the
+centre. Cast iron bronzed pillars are placed at a distance of two feet from
+the front, by which the first row of each circle appears as a balcony, independent
+of the main structure, and thus an inconceivable lightness is
+obtained. The private boxes are inclosed with gilt lattices: the entrance
+to them is by a private house, part of the property connected with the
+theatre, and they are accommodated with a suite of retiring rooms. The
+decorations are very splendid, particularly the ceiling. The Harmonic
+Society was instituted under the patronage of Dr. Harrington; and there
+is another musical society, called the York House Catch Club. The Sydney
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sydney
+Gardens.</span>
+
+
+Garden Vauxhall, at the extremity of Great Pulteney Street, abounds
+with groves, vistas, lawns, serpentine walks, alcoves, bowling-greens, grottoes
+and labyrinths. It is known to have contained four thousand persons.
+The riding school affords the public, amusement in wet weather. Lansdown
+races are in June and July. Besides the Public Library, the circulating
+libraries are numerous and well supplied, and the harmonic concerts
+and local institutions of a literary character, are easily accessible. It
+is intended to convert the common fields in the neighbourhood of Marlborough
+Buildings into a public park, laid out with numerous rides and
+walks, ornamental fountains, and plantations. Hackney coaches, and
+chariots, on the same principle as those used in London, are established
+here.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, February 14; (Holloway) July 10; and Aug.
+10, (Lansdown) for cattle, horses and all kinds of merchandise. The Falmouth Mail arrives
+7.54 morning, and departs 6.30 afternoon. The Carmarthen Mail arrives 7.48 morning, and
+departs 6.56 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, (Bladud Bank) Tufnell and Co.; draw on Jones, Lloyd
+and Co.; Tugwell and Co., draw on Barnard and Co.; (Old Bank) Hobhouse and Co., draw
+on Jones, Lloyd and Co.; (City Bank) Smith and Moger, draw on Barclay and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>,
+York Hotel, White Hart, White Lion, Greyhound, Castle, and Elephant and Castle.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>314</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathealton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wiveliscomb</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Milverton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>98</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Batheaston[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>1783</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>870</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Bathley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Muskham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Southwell</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>128</td><td align='right'>197</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bathwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Chippenham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>4035</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Batley</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Wakefield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bradford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>189</td><td align='right'>11335</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Batsford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Campden</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>107</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Batterley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Barthomley</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>242</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Battersly</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Stokesley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gisborough</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Helmsley</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>242</td><td align='right'>77</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Battersea[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Clapham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Putney</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hammersmith</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>5540</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Battisford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>436</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BATHEASTON. This village is situated on the London road from
+Bath. The upper part contains the church, and amongst some handsome
+houses, is one which was formerly the residence of John Wood, Esq., the
+ingenious architect, to whom Bath owes many of its noblest buildings.
+The church is antique. At the west-end it has a fine square tower, one
+hundred feet high. The inside is remarkable for its neat and decent appearance.
+A custom long observed at the villa of Sir John Millar, Bart.,
+displays his elegance and refinement in the choice of his amusements, as
+well as of his visitors. He had purchased an antique vase, discovered at
+Frescati, in Italy, in 1759; and having placed it in a room convenient for
+the purpose, he consecrated it to Apollo, and ordained Lady Miller, high
+priestess. He then issued a general invitation to all votaries of the muses,
+to assemble on a certain day in each week, and offer their poetical oblations
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The vase of
+Apollo.</span>
+
+
+at the shrine; the degree of merit each possessed was decided by
+the public voice, and the author of the best was crowned with myrtle. A
+collation succeeded. This attic pastime continued for some years, till
+some witling contaminated the purity of the urn by a licentious composition,
+and the vessel was closed for ever. Two small volumes of these
+effusions have been published.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BATTERSEA is seated on the Thames, and gives the title of Baron
+to the family of St. John. The church contains many monuments, chiefly
+of the above noble family; particularly one in grey marble, to the memory
+of the celebrated statesman, Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, and
+of his second wife, whose profiles are sculptured in bass-relief. A monument
+near the south wall, represents Sir Edward Wynter in the act of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sir E.
+Wynter's
+exploits.</span>
+
+
+performing two extraordinary exploits, thus described in his epitaph:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Alone, unarmed, a tyger he oppressed,<br />
+And crush'd to death the monster of a beast.<br />
+Twice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew,<br />
+Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew,<br />
+Dispersed the rest&mdash;what more could Sampson do?<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>A neat tablet, at the east end of the church, commemorates Thomas Astle,
+who was long a distinguished member of the Society of Antiquaries,
+Keeper of the Records in the Tower, a Trustee of the British Museum,
+and author of Treatise "on the Origin and Progress of Writing." He
+died in 1802, and left a valuable collection of manuscripts. Here are also
+interred, Arthur Collins, Esq., known as the author of an "Historical
+Account of the Peers and Baronets of England;" William Curtis, author
+of the "Flora Londinensis," and the Rev. Joseph Gardner, author of
+"Views on the Rhine," and otherwise distinguished by his attachment
+to the arts. Bolingbroke House was a spacious edifice, said to have contained
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bolingbroke
+house.</span>
+
+
+fifty rooms on a floor, of which a few only remain; among which
+is the favourite apartment of Lord Bolingbroke, wainscotted with cedar.
+A horizontal air-mill now occupies the site of this mansion, and in the
+gardens have been erected bullock-houses. Sherwood Lodge, near the
+Thames, is the residence of James Wolf, Esq. whose valuable collection
+of plaster-casts, from antique statues, are deposited in a gallery of Doric
+architecture, remarkable for the purity of its style. A wooden bridge was
+built over the Thames at this place, in 1771.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Battle[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Tunbridge</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Hastings</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bexhill</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>2999</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>48</td><td align='left'>Battle[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='left'>Brecon</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Trecastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>174</td><td align='right'>192</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BATTLE, anciently called Epiton, derived its present denomination
+from the conflict between William the Norman, and Harold Harefoot,
+which decided the fate of these realms, and gave to the former the
+surname of Conqueror. This engagement happened on the 14th of
+October, 1066, and continued from morning until sunset, when the Normans
+had sustained a loss of 15000 men, and the English four times that
+number, among whom was their king. The Conqueror, grateful for his
+victory, and in performance of a vow, commenced the foundation of an
+abbey on that part of the field where the battle had raged most fiercely,
+causing the high altar to be raised on the spot where the body of his
+valiant antagonist; or, as others say, his standard had been found. This
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Abbey.</span>
+
+
+abbey was dedicated to St. Martin, and the privileges enjoyed by the
+superiors within its precincts were almost regal; an exclusive right of
+inquest in cases of murder&mdash;the property of all treasure discovered there&mdash;free
+warren and exemption, even for their tenants, from all ecclesiastical
+jurisdiction&mdash;right of sanctuary for their church in cases of homicide&mdash;and
+the power of pardoning any condemned thief whom they should meet
+going to execution. From the foundation of this abbey, till its dissolution,
+it was governed by thirty-one abbots. Sometime after the latter
+period, it was the property of the Montagues, who sold it to Sir Thomas
+Webster, and that gentleman made it his residence. Sir Godfrey Webster,
+Bart., is the present owner. In its present state, Battle Abbey bears
+ample testimony to its ancient magnificence, the ruins being extensive,
+and exhibiting a mixture of the light Norman with the solid Saxon architecture.
+These remains occupy two sides of a quadrangle, of which one
+is an ancient gateway. Nine elegant arches, now filled up, are all that
+remain of the church. Two detached buildings, supposed to have been
+refectories, are now converted into offices. The town of Battle consists
+of one street, and has a handsome church, the windows of which
+are embellished with stained glass. The chancel contains a fine altar-monument
+to the memory of Sir Anthony Browne, armour-bearer to
+Henry VIII. This place is celebrated for a manufacture of gunpowder,
+inferior only to that at Dartford.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Whit-Monday; Nov. 22, cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday
+in every month, cattle.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Smith, Gill, and Co., draw on Spooner and Co.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives
+4.20 morning; departs 9.40 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, George.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] BATTLE. The church is placed upon an eminence on the east side
+of the Escir river. It is a low edifice surrounded by a cemetry, bounded
+by a wall. A few straggling houses give this place the name of a village.
+History has fixed this spot as the scene of action where the fate of Brecknockshire
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Scene of a
+Welsh
+battle.</span>
+
+
+was decided, upon its attack by Bernard Newmarch. The vestiges
+which indicate such an event, are, a well called Ffynon Pen Rhys; a
+lane called Heol y Cymri, and a long upright stone below the church
+on the south side; no other vestiges remain to recall the event. Half a
+mile eastward from Battle, appears the stately residence of the vicar of
+Llandevalle. Upon the wall of an inner court is an inscription in Latin.
+From the windows of this house are three most beautiful views; on the
+east side through a small vista, are seen the village of Llanddew, and in
+the back ground the black mountain beyond Talgarth. From the library,
+in which is a capital picture of our Saviour bearing the Cross, by Correggio,
+looking west, is the vale of Usk, with the highly ornamented grounds
+above Penpont; beyond which, Abercamlais, and the mountains in Llywel
+and Devynock close the scene. Nearly opposite is the gradually rising
+knoll of Benni, covered to the top on all sides with wood, beyond which
+appear the precipitous and majestic summits of the Beacons. Merthyr
+Cynog, or Saint Cynog, lies about four miles north. Cynog or Canoc,
+was the illegitimate son of Brychan Brecheinog. He was slain or murdered
+in one of the early eruptions of the Saxons into Wales, in the
+5th century, on the summit of a hill in this parish, nearly opposite
+Castlemadoc, called Vanoleu, and according to Owen, was buried in Merthyr
+church. The edifice which remains, does not appear to be of an
+earlier date than the Norman era; it is situated upon a lofty ridge between
+the vales of Escir fawr and Escir fechan, in nearly the centre of the parish.
+It resembles a large barn, in which are some divisions, like pens for sheep,
+thrown in disorder to rot, when unfit for use.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Battle Bridge</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Holborn Bars</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Paddington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hoxton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Battleden[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Woburn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hockliffe</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Leighton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>39</td><td align='right'>145</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Battlefield[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Shawbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>70</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Baughurst</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>434</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Baulking</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wantage</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Lambourne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>185</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Baumber</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>356</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Baunton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glocester</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Northleach</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>91</td><td align='right'>144</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Bauseley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Welch Pool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>365</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Baverstock</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>292</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bavington, Great</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bellingham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>70</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bavington, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>72</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BATTLEDEN lies between the two great north-western roads.
+The family of Firmband, or Fremband, twice represented the county in
+parliament, as early as the reign of Edward III. In the reign of Elizabeth
+it became the property of the Duncombes; and it is to one of this family
+that we are indebted for the accommodation of the now antiquated sedans,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The invention
+of Sedan
+chairs.</span>
+
+
+or close chairs; and in the year 1634, Duncombe is said to have procured
+a patent, which vested in him and his heirs the right of carrying persons
+"up and down in them," for a certain term. "It is probable, (observes
+Lysons,) that Sir Saunders, who was a great traveller, had seen them at
+Sedan, where Dr. Johnson, supposes that they were first made; and it is
+remarkable that Captain Bayley first introduced the use of Hackney
+Coaches in the same year." In the year 1706, this manor was purchased
+by Allen Bathurst, Esq., a distinguished political character during the
+reigns of Queen Anne and George I. It was for many years the country
+seat of Lord Bathurst, and the resort of a celebrated constellation of
+wits, of whom he was the patron and friend.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BATTLEFIELD is a parish in the liberties of Shrewsbury, and
+derives its name from a sanguinary battle which was fought there on
+Saturday the 21st of July, 1403, between Henry the Fourth and the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Battle between
+Henry the
+Fourth and
+Percy of
+Northumberland.</span>
+
+
+Rebels, under Percy, Earl of Nothumberland, and in which Lord Henry
+Percy, well known as the valiant Hotspur, was slain, together with
+nearly 2300 gentlemen and others, and upwards of 600 common soldiers
+fell on that memorable occasion. After this signal victory, Henry the
+fourth caused a collegiate church to be erected on the spot for secular
+canons, which was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene, the battle having
+been fought on the anniversary of that day. This college was dissolved
+in the general wreck of establishments of this kind, when its revenues
+amounted to &pound;54 10s. 4d. per annum; it is now the parish church. At
+the east end, over the altar window, is a figure of Henry the Fourth,
+much defaced by the corroding hand of time. In a niche in the south
+wall, is a rude carving in wood of the Virgin and child; and in the east
+window are still to be traced some mutilated remains of stained glass;
+but the most interesting object in this church, is a splendid gothic
+monument, recently erected to the memory of the late John Corbet,
+Esq. of Sundorne. This beautiful specimen of architecture is called
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Splendid
+monument.</span>
+
+
+the Tudor gothic; the interior represents the miniature aisle of a cathedral
+or cloister, with its elaborately groined roof, and the front is adorned by the
+heraldic blazonings of the family. This fine and highly prized piece of art
+was designed by the Rev. Archdeacon Owen, of Shrewsbury, and most admirably
+executed by Messrs. Carline of that town, in a warmly tinted fine
+grained stone, from the Grinshill quarries in the neighbourhood.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bawburgh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>440</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bawdeswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Reepham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swanton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bawdrip</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Glastonbury</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>373</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bawdsey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Orford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>454</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bawsey</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cas. Rising</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Middleton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>99</td><td align='right'>39</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bawtry[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>1149</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Baxterly</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Tamworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>111</td><td align='right'>189</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Baydon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Ramsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lambourne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Swindon</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>358</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bayfield</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Cley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wells</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>122</td><td align='right'>17</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bayford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='right'>332</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bayford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Wincaunton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Bourton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Mere</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bayleham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Needham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bildeston</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>72</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bayley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Clitheroe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blackburn</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bayswater[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Tyburn</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Acton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Southall</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BAWTRY is a small town situated on the edge of Yorkshire, adjoining
+Nottinghamshire. It is handsome and well built; and the high
+street, through which lies the great North Road from London to Edinburgh,
+is very broad, and contains some elegant houses. At the upper part of
+this street is the market-place, in which are some excellent shambles.
+The town stands on a gentle but pleasant eminence, which slopes from the
+north and east down to the river Idle, which river is navigable to this
+place for small craft. On the western side of the town the ground is high
+and exceedingly pleasant, but the eastern, or marshy side, is subject to
+frequent winter inundations. The object which most travellers consider
+more especially worthy of attention, is the elegant mansion of the Viscountess
+Galway. The edifice is built of brick and is pleasantly situated
+at the southern extremity of the town; it has an extensive and handsome
+front, but a high brick wall secludes it from public view. The pleasure
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Viscountess
+Galway.</span>
+
+
+grounds which are kept in excellent condition, are stocked with Chinese
+pheasants, and other rare and curious birds. Near this place the Archbishops
+of York had a palace; and at this mansion, Archbishop Savage,
+in the time of Henry VII. delighted to take his pleasure in hunting; and
+in the next reign it was the residence of Cardinal Wolsey. The palace
+stood in a very low and damp situation, close to the confluence of the
+small river Ryton with the Idle. The great gateway, and the porter's
+lodge, were taken down towards the end of the last century, and what
+remains of the palace has been converted into a farm house.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Whit-Tuesday; and November 22, for cattle and horses.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+Crown&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.30 morning.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BAYSWATER is situated on the Oxford Road, and is the first place
+passed after leaving London; it has been much increased of late by the
+building of new streets and genteel residences. A reservoir, under the
+same management as the water works of Chelsea, is in the neighbourhood.
+Bayswater Tea Gardens were formerly the Botanic gardens of Sir
+John Hill, who cultivated there his medicinal plants, and prepared his
+Water Dock, Essence, and Balsam of Honey. The reservoir before mentioned,
+was intended for the supply of the palace at Kensington, and the
+bason before the palace was to be kept constantly full by the proprietors;
+and, it was upon this condition that the property was granted them. It
+now supplies that part of the city estates situated in about Bond-street,
+with water.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Baythorne End</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Essex </td><td align='left'>Haverhill </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Ridgewell </td><td align='right'>2 </td><td align='left'>G. Yeldham </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'> 55</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bayton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Mamble</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>445</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Bayvill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Fishguard</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>248</td><td align='right'>160</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bayworth</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Cumnor</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beachampton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>254</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beachamwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Stoke Ferry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Marham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>263</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Beaches</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Standon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barkway</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Beachley[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Chepstow</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beacon</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Norfolk </td><td align='left'>Cromer </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Lt. Houses </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Bacton </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'> 135</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beaconsfield[C]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Uxbridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wycombe</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Amersham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>1763</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEACHAMPTON. The remains of the mansion of the Bennetts
+have been converted into a farm-house, but the great hall is still standing.
+In the parish church are some monuments of this family; among which
+there is one to the memory of Sir Simon Bennett, who was created a
+baronet in 1627, and is recorded in history as having been a great friend
+to the poor, and to University College, Oxford. This monument, it appears,
+was set up by the college 100 years after his death, and great blame
+is imputed to them for having delayed it so long. Mr. William Elmer,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Free grammar
+school.</span>
+
+
+by his will, bearing date 1648, founded a free grammar school in this
+parish. The school-house was finished in 1667. The master, by an
+express clause in the founder's will, must be a single man, and is to reside
+in the school-house. It is endowed with lands, which are charged with
+the payment of a certain pension of &pound;2. per annum, to eight poor men,
+and &pound;1. per annum to as many poor women; and it is further provided,
+that three of each of these shall be inhabitants of this parish.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BEACHLEY from its almost insulated situation, has always been of
+great importance in a military point of view, for there are extensive earthworks
+of British origin still remaining. Offa's-dyke, which terminates
+here, is still to be traced. In the civil wars this place was considered of
+much importance, for Prince Rupert despatched a body of 500 horse and
+foot to occupy and fortify it. But history relates, that even before the
+fortifications were completed, the garrison was dislodged with great loss,
+by Governor Massie. After this, a battle was fought between the royalists
+and the parliamentary forces, under Sir John Wyntor, when the latter
+was defeated with the loss of 220 men; and it is currently reported that
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Once a
+place of
+great importance.</span>
+
+
+he himself was forced to leap from the cliff into the river Severn, where a
+small boat lay ready to receive him; it is certain the place still goes by
+the name of "Wyntor's leap." The ferry over the river Severn has been
+before mentioned at page 63. Here is an inn called Beachley Passage
+House Inn. The time of high water is nearly the same as at Bristol
+Quay, and is always to be seen in the Bristol Newspapers. If the wind
+be northerly, this passage may be crossed for five hours before high-water;
+and if the wind be southerly or westerly, it may be passed for seven hours
+after high-water.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BEACONSFIELD is a small place, although it is one of great
+thoroughfare, but the market is almost wholly disused; in fact, Wycombe
+and Uxbridge appear to have drawn away the business. The manor,
+anciently an estate of the Windsors, afterwards became the property of the
+Monks of Burnham Abbey, a building but a few miles distant. Edmund
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Waller, the
+poet.</span>
+
+
+Waller, the poet, was born at Coleshill, in this neighbourhood, at which
+place see his life; he was proprietor of the very pleasing seat, called Hall
+Barns, an ancient mansion belonging to the family; he lies buried in the
+churchyard, and a monument has been erected to his memory, with a
+latin inscription, too long and too dry to be given in our work. Gregories,
+in this parish, was the seat of the celebrated Edmund Burke, who,
+for critical taste and brilliancy of language, will ever be ranked amongst the
+most fascinating of English writers. His company was sought for by all
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The celebrated
+Edmund Burke.</span>
+
+
+who could make the slightest pretension to kindred genius. He died in
+this town, and was buried in the church, where a marble tablet is set
+up, with a short inscription, to his memory. The apartments at Butler's
+Court, formerly Gregories, contained some fine paintings, by Sir
+Joshua Reynolds, and some valuable marbles. This seat, we believe,
+came into the possession of Mr. Burke through the friendship of Lord
+Verney and the Marquis of Rockingham, by whose munificence he was
+enabled to purchase it. The widow of the late Mr. Burke continued to
+reside at Butler's Court till the period of her death, which took place a
+few years after that of her late husband; the mansion and estate was
+afterwards purchased by James Dupre, Esq., who let the house to the
+master of a boarding-school, and in whose occupation it was destroyed by
+fire: the grounds have since been adapted to the purpose of agriculture. For
+the following interesting sketch of the illustrious and distinguished statesman,
+(Burke,) we are indebted to Dr. Watkin's Biographical Dictionary:&mdash;"He
+was born at Dublin, in 1730. His father was an attorney, and a
+Protestant. The son received his education under Abraham Shackleton,
+a Quaker, who kept a school at Ballytore, near Carlow, and it is recorded
+to the honour of Mr. Burke, that whenever he visited Ireland he always
+paid his respects to his old tutors: in 1746 he entered as a scholar at
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Sketch of
+his life.</span>
+
+
+Trinity College, which he left on taking his bachelor's degree in 1749, and
+soon after became candidate for the professorship of logic at Glasgow, but
+did not succeed. In 1753 he entered of the Middle Temple, where he
+applied more to general literature than to the law, and supported himself
+by writing for the booksellers. Falling ill, through too close an application
+to his studies, he removed to the house of Dr. Nugent, a physician,
+whose daughter he afterwards married. In 1756 he published a pamphlet,
+entitled, "A Vindication of Natural Society." This piece was purposely
+drawn up in the manner of Lord Bolingbroke, and for a time imposed
+upon the friends of that writer as his real productions. His next performance
+was the Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful, published in 1757.
+This philosophical piece of criticism, written in a fine and elegant style,
+procured the author a great reputation, and the esteem of the first literary
+characters of the age; the principal of whom was Dr. Johnson. In 1758, he
+suggested to Mr. Dodsley, the bookseller, the plan of the "Annual Register,"
+the historical part of which he wrote for several years. In 1761 he went
+to Ireland as the companion of his friend Mr. Hamilton, secretary to the
+Earl of Halifax, then Lord-Lieutenant. That gentleman, who was generally
+known by the name of Single-speech Hamilton, from the circumstance
+of his making only one speech in parliament, but one of uncommon eloquence,
+procured him a pension of &pound;300. on the Irish establishment. On
+his return from Ireland he was made private secretary to the Marquis of
+Rockingham, First Lord of the Treasury, who brought him into parliament
+for Wendover. The Rockingham party continued in power but a
+short time, and on going out of office, Mr. Burke wrote a forcible
+pamphlet upon the subject, entitled, "A Short Account of a Short Administration;"
+after which, he became an active member of the opposition,
+as a senator and also as a writer. A pamphlet of his, entitled, "Thoughts
+on the Causes of the present Discontents," excited considerable interest as
+a bold exposure of court intrigues and favourites, in controlling the operations
+of ministers. In the struggle between Great Britain and the
+colonies, Mr. Burke bore a distinguished part as an opponent to the
+ministry. His speeches were vehement, and had so powerful an influence
+upon the people, that the citizens of Bristol, in 1774, invited him to be one of
+their representatives, without his being at the least expense. But at the
+next election in 1780, he was rejected by them for having supported the
+Irish petition for a free trade, and the bill for relieving Roman Catholics.
+He was then returned for Malton, in Yorkshire. At this time he gained great
+popularity by his introduction of a bill for a reform in the national expenditure,
+on which he spent prodigious labour, but it was unsuccessful.
+When the Marquis of Rockingham returned to power on the resignation
+of Lord North, in 1782, Mr. Burke obtained the post of Paymaster-general
+of the Forces, and a seat in the Privy Council; but this was of short
+duration, for on the death of his patron, Lord Shelbourne became First
+Lord of the Treasury, and Mr. Burke, with several of his friends, resigned
+their places. In the coalition, which for a little while succeeded the Shelbourne
+administration, Mr. Burke had his share both of emolument and
+abuse. The leading particulars of his political life, after this, were his
+exertions against Mr. Hastings, in which he manifested uncommon industry
+to fasten guilt upon that gentleman, with no small share of personal
+asperity; his vigorous opposition to Mr. Pitt's design of forming a limited
+regency on the King's illness in 1788; and above all, his ardour against
+the actors and defenders of the French revolution. On the latter subject
+he evinced peculiar sagacity at the outset, and when many worthy men
+were rejoicing at the prospect of rising liberty and happiness to the world,
+Mr. Burke predicted, with remarkable precision, the desolation, bloodshed,
+anarchy, and misery which ensued. He displayed his detestation of the
+revolutionists in the House of Commons, and separated himself in consequence
+from Mr. Fox, and many other of his old associates. In 1790
+he published his famous "Reflections on the Revolution in France,"
+which attracted wonderful attention, and produced a surprising effect upon
+the public mind. Many publications appeared in answer to this book;
+the most noted of which was Paine's pamphlet, entitled "The Rights of
+Man," wherein the principles of republicanism were so artfully addressed
+to the feelings of ordinary persons, as to excite for a time no small alarm
+to the friends of government. Mr. Burke, after this, published a variety
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Burke's reflections
+on the
+French
+revolution, &amp;c.</span>
+
+
+of pamphlets in support of his positions: as, "A Letter to a Member of
+the National Assembly;" "An Appeal from the New Whigs to the
+Old;" "Thoughts on a Regicide peace," &amp;c. His zeal on this occasion,
+as well as his extraordinary talents, recommended him to the royal
+favour, and he obtained a pension, which gave room for those who had
+been galled by his arguments, to reproach him, and some illiberal animadversions
+were made upon him in the senate, which drew from him
+that admirable defence, his "Letter to a Noble Lord," in which he retaliates
+upon a celebrated Duke in a strain of keen irony and dignified
+remonstrance. Mr. Burke withdrew from parliament in 1794, leaving his
+seat for Malton to his son, an accomplished young man, who died shortly
+after. This melancholy event hastened his death, which happened the 8th
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His death.</span>
+
+
+of July, 1797. A little before his death he caused to be read to him
+Addison's paper in the Spectator, on the Immortality of the Soul. Mr.
+Burke was very amiable in his private life, of correct deportment, faithful in
+his attachments; charitable to the poor, and religious without being superstitious.
+He had a fine taste for the arts, and was fond of gardening
+and architecture," Bulstrode, the seat of the Duke of Portland, is within
+three miles of the town; a more detailed account of this elegant mansion
+will be given in a future portion of our work.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Feb. 13; and Holy Thursday, for horses, cows, and sheep.&mdash;<i>Mail</i>
+arrives 11.10 night; departs, 3.30 morning.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Saracen's Head.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Beadlam</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Helmesley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Kirkby</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Gillamoor</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>225</td><td align='right'>157</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Beadnell</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Aluwick</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Ellingham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>321</td><td align='right'>251</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beaford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Torrington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Chumleigh</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>200</td><td align='right'>624</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beaghall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pontefract</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Snaith</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Selby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>178</td><td align='right'>563</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beaksbourne</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dover</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>351</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Beal</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Berwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>330</td><td align='right'>70</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bealing, Great</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wickham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>76</td><td align='right'>367</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bealing, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>75</td><td align='right'>272</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beamhurst</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Checkley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Beaminster,[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.&amp; ch</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Crewkerne</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>2968</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Beamish</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Gateshead</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sunderland</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>265</td><td align='right'>1848</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beamsley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Skipton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Addingham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Otley</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>215</td><td align='right'>279</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Beanley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>169</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beard</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Manchester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>177</td><td align='right'>283</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Bear Green</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Dorking</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Horsham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Capel</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bearly</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>230</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bearsted</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Milton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Chatham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>37</td><td align='right'>594</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Bearston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>95</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bearward-Cote</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Beathwaite Green,</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Millthorpe</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>258</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beauchief Abbey,</td><td align='right'>e.p.l</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dronfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>85</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Beaudesert[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Henley</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>199</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEAMINSTER is a town of very great antiquity; it is situated on a
+fertile spot near the banks of the small river Birt. The prebendaries of
+Salisbury were formerly lords of the manor, until the parliamentary commissioners
+(who appear to have made very free with church property)
+seized it, and for a time it passed into other hands, but it was only for a
+time: the right at length became acknowledged, and in the possession of
+the prebendaries of Sarum it now remains. This town has suffered much
+by the devastation of fire, and still more by the destructive sword of civil,
+or rather uncivil, warfare. Britton speaks of a record of the former being
+preserved in a blank leaf of an old Bible, in the possession of a gentleman
+of this town, which memorandum ran as follows:&mdash;"The towne of Beaminster
+was burnt on Palme Sunday, being the 14th day of April, and in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Destroyed
+by fire in
+1644.</span>
+
+
+the year of our Lord 1644. At the same time prince Maurice, being in
+the towne seven dayes before the fire, and there continued till the fire burnt
+him out of his quarters. The fire was first kindled in John Sergeant's
+house, in North-street; it was a musket discharged in the gable; and it
+was wild-fire, and the winde lying directly with the towne, the whole
+place was destroyed in two hours; and those goods for the most part
+which were saved out of the fire were carried away by the soldiers. There
+were seven score and four dwelling-houses, besides barns and stables,
+burnt." An eye-witness in Sir Thomas Fairfax's army describes it
+as "a place of the pitifullest spectacle that man can behold; hardly
+a house left not consumed by fire." Two thousand pounds were granted
+by the parliament to assist in re-building the town: this, with other
+sums, raised by the neighbouring gentry, answered the purpose. But
+it appears that the place was doomed to destruction, for in June, 1684, it
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Burnt down
+in 1684, and
+again in
+1781.</span>
+
+
+was again consumed, and the loss is said to have amounted to &pound;10,000.:
+nor did its misfortunes end here, for in the gusty month of March, in the
+year 1781, upwards of fifty dwelling-houses, besides barns, stables, and
+other buildings, were reduced to ruins in the short space of three hours.
+Mrs. Tucker founded a free-school here, in 1684, for the purpose of affording
+education to twenty of the poorest boys in the town; three or four of
+these boys were to be apprenticed annually, and it is necessary that one of
+these, at least, should become a seaman. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Hood,
+father of Lord Hood, was master of this school in the year 1715. The
+inhabitants are principally engaged in the manufacture of sail-cloth, and
+in the production of iron, tin, and copper ware. The work-house is a large
+commodious building; formerly an alms-house.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Thursday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 4; September 19, for horses, sheep, and cattle.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BEAUDESERT. This place is situated in the hundred of Barlichway.
+The church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and exhibits some good specimens
+of ancient architecture. The village was the birth-place of Richard Jago,
+the poet, who was the son of the rector: he was born in 1715, and was
+educated at Solihull grammar-school, about eleven miles distant from this
+place. His first poetical production which attracted notice was an
+"Elegy on the Death of a Blackbird," and this was followed by a poem,
+descriptive of the "Battle of Edgehill," which is considered the most
+finished of his works: the subject was in all probability suggested by his
+residence in the neighbourhood of the scene of action. He died on the
+8th of April, 1781.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Beaulieu[A]</td><td align='right'>pa.</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Lymington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hythe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Southampton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>1298</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Beau Manor</td><td align='right'>ex. pl.</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Mount Sorrel</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>98</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEAULIEU. The river Exe, over which there is a bridge, is navigable
+up to this village. Here is a manufacture of coarse sacking. The
+ruins of Beaulieu Abbey are beautifully situated on the eastern banks of
+the river. The delightful valley which surrounds these venerable remains,
+is of a circular form, bounded by well-wooded hills, and in itself, consists
+of a rich variety of ground. The Abbey was founded, A.D. 1204, by
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Abbey
+founded by
+King John.</span>
+
+
+King John, for monks of the Cistercian order; a class of friars to
+which that monarch had been previously particularly adverse. The king,
+it is said, after various oppressive measures exercised against the Cistercians,
+summoned the Abbots and principals of that order, to Lincoln,
+whither they hastened, flattering themselves that he would there confer
+upon them some marks of his grace and favor. Instead of this, say the
+monkish historians, "the savage monarch ordered the Abbots to be
+trodden to death, by horses: but none of his attendants being found
+sufficiently cruel to obey the sanguinary command, the ecclesiastics,
+dreadfully alarmed, retired hastily to their inn. In the course of the ensuing
+night, when the monarch slumbered on his bed, he dreamt that he
+was standing before a Judge, accompanied by the Cistercian Abbots, who
+were commanded to scourge him severely with rods and thongs; and
+when he awoke in the morning, he declared that he still felt the smart of
+the beating. On relating this dream to a certain ecclesiastic of his court,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The king's
+singular
+dream.</span>
+
+
+he was advised to crave pardon of the Abbots, whom he had before so
+barbarously treated; and assured, that the Almighty had been infinitely
+merciful to him, in thus revealing the mysteries of his dispensations, and
+affording him paternal correction. The king, adopting this counsel,
+ordered the Abbots to attend him; and, contrary to their expectations,
+received them with kindness:" and the remembrance of his dream still
+continuing to influence his conduct, he shortly after granted a charter for
+the foundation of the Abbey of Beaulieu. It was greatly enriched by
+succeeding grants; and at the Dissolution, its possessions were estimated
+at the annual value of &pound;428. 6s. 8d. The manor of Beaulieu, with all its
+rights, privileges, and appurtenances, (the rectory and right of patronage
+excepted), was granted to Thomas Wriothesley, Esq. afterwards Earl of
+Southampton. The circumference of the manor embraces an extent of 28
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The manor
+extends 28
+miles.</span>
+
+
+miles, and the clear annual revenue amounts to between &pound;4000 and &pound;5000.
+The immediate precincts of the Abbey were encircled by a stone wall, the
+remains of which are richly mantled with ivy. An edifice, nearly square,
+now called the palace, but originally built for the Abbot's lodging, was
+converted into a family seat after the Dissolution. Over the entrance is
+a canopied niche, in which stood the image of the Virgin Mary. The hall
+is a well proportioned room, handsomely vaulted, the ribs springing from
+pilasters, and spreading over the roof in beautiful ramifications. Eastward
+from this edifice is a long building, supposed from the extent and
+height of the apartments, to have been the dormitory; beneath it are
+several good cellars. The ancient kitchen is also standing, and near it is
+the refectory, a plain stone edifice, with strong buttresses: this is now the
+parish church of Beaulieu; the Abbey church, which stood to the north-east,
+having been entirely destroyed. On the west side is the ancient
+rostrum, or pulpit, from which lectures were read when the monks were
+assembled at their meals below. The site of the Abbey Church may be
+traced by the unevenness of the ground; but not a vestige of the building is
+remaining. Fragments of demolished tombs are occasionally dug up here,
+this having been the burial-place of various illustrious and noble personages,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Burial place
+of Queen
+Eleanor.</span>
+
+
+and among them, Queen Eleanor, mother of King John.
+Some traces of the cloisters are yet distinguishable. Whilst Beaulieu
+Abbey was invested with the privilege of a sanctuary, its walls afforded a
+temporary protection to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI.; who,
+returning from the continent, in expectation of being reinstated in her former
+dignity, was informed of the imprisonment of her husband, the destruction
+of his army, and the death of the Earl of Warwick, and the
+elevation to the throne of Edward IV. Another celebrated fugitive, to
+whom this abbey afforded sanctuary, was Perkin Warbeck, who, after
+many vicissitudes, was executed at Tyburn, in 1499.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>47</td><td align='left'>Beaumaris[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Anglesea</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aber</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holyhead</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>251</td><td align='right'>2497</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beaumont</td><td align='right'>pa.</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Gretna</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>306</td><td align='right'>276</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEAUMARIS, though but a small place, is the capital of the island;
+it is finely situated on a low shore, called Beaumaris Bay. The present
+town appears to have originated from the circumstance of a castle having
+been erected here about the close of the 13th century, by Edward I. It lies
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Chief town
+in Anglesea.</span>
+
+
+close to the town, covering a large space of ground, in a low situation. Its
+erection was subsequent to its proud rivals Conway and Caernarvon. The
+necessity of the present castle arose from Rhyddlan, upon the opposite
+shore, being often possessed by the Welsh princes. It appears to have
+been the last of the three great fortresses erected by Edward. On the
+conquest of Wales in 1295, he fixed upon this spot with a view of surrounding
+it with a fosse, for the double purpose of defence, and bringing
+small craft to unload their cargoes under its walls, by a canal, part of
+which was, till lately, remaining. From the period of its erection to the
+time of Charles I., it does not appear to have been at all conspicuous on
+the page of history. A communication was made between various parts
+of the inner court, by means of a surrounding gallery, about six feet wide,
+a considerable portion of which is yet entire. Within recesses, in the
+sides of the gallery, are several square apertures, apparently once furnished
+with trap doors, which opened into rooms beneath; but their use has not
+been ascertained. Mr. Grose thinks they might have been used for the
+purposes of imprisonment. A tennis, fives court, and bowling-green, have
+been formed within the interior. The town of Beaumaris was surrounded
+with walls, for its defence, and placed under the government of a corporation,
+endowed with various privileges and lands. Mr. Lloyd supposes,
+from local tokens being circulated by opulent tradesmen, about the year
+1650, of which he had several in his possession, that it was a place of
+considerable traffic. The present town consists of several streets, of which
+one terminated by the castle is handsome, and the houses are generally
+well built. Beaumaris is much frequented during the summer months, by
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Much frequented
+in summer.</span>
+
+
+numerous genteel families, attracted by the pleasantness of this part of the
+island, and to avail themselves of the benefit of sea-bathing. The parochial
+church is a handsome structure, consisting of a chancel, nave, and two
+aisles, with a large square embattled tower. In the vestry adjoining were
+deposited the remains of lady Beatrice Herbert, daughter of the celebrated
+mirror of chivalry, the Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Near which lies interred
+the Rev. Gronwy Davies, with an inscription concluding as follows:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Here lies learning, friendship, love;<br />
+And innocency of the dove.<br />
+Within this grave and in the dust<br />
+His ever courteous body must<br />
+Until the resurrection lie;<br />
+Then he shall live and death shall die."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The free-school was erected and liberally endowed by David Hughes, Esq.,
+in the year 1603, who ten years afterwards founded also an excellent
+alms-house for six poor persons, to whom he granted small annuities. He
+was born about the middle of the 16th century, in a cottage now in ruins.
+He left the island early in life, in a very humble station, but by prudence
+and propriety of conduct, he made a decent fortune.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"'T is here the active worth of Hughes appears,<br />
+A blessed asylum for the wreck of years!<br />
+If there his views the opening mind engage,<br />
+Here he supports the trembling limbs of age;<br />
+His breast embrac'd within his godlike plan,<br />
+At once the morn and evening hours of man!<br />
+And ye who here his lasting bounty share,<br />
+Whose tranquil days decline without a care!<br />
+If still, as night shall close, day greet your eyes,<br />
+No grateful aspirations reach the skies,<br />
+Indignant heaven beholds you with a frown,<br />
+Nor gives the ingrate, life's immortal crown."   <span class="smcap">Lloyd.</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>The old town-hall, built in 1563, has been taken down, and under the
+patronage of Lord Viscount Bulkeley, another more elegant has been
+erected upon its site. The town, re-incorporated in the 4th year of Elizabeth,
+is governed by a mayor, recorder, two bailiffs, twenty-four burgessess,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Its government.</span>
+
+
+two serjeants at mace, a town clerk, jailor, four constables, and a
+water-bailiff. The county hall is a small low building, being neither conveniently
+formed nor respectable in its appearance. The custom-house
+stands upon the green near the edge of the water. Beaumaris bay consists
+of an expansive opening in front of the town, so sheltered by the island of
+Priesholme and the great Ormeshead, as to allow vessels of considerable
+burden to ride in safety, during the most stormy weather. The depth of
+water near the town, at ebb-tide, is from six to seven fathoms, but the
+channel scarcely exceeds a quarter of a mile in breadth. The greater part
+of the bay is left dry for several miles when the tide is out, which part is
+called the Lavan Sands. These once formed a habitable hundred, belonging
+to the territory of Arson. They were formerly called Wylofaen, or
+the place of Weeping, from the shrieks and lamentations of the inhabitants
+at the time when the land was overwhelmed by the sea. Lavan is a corruption
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lavan sands</span>
+
+
+of Traeth Talaven, or the fermented heap, allusive to the boiling up of water
+in the quicksands. The ferry was granted by charter to the corporation in
+the 4th year of Elizabeth: it lies near the town. The place of embarking
+or landing is the point anciently known under the appellation of Penrhyn
+Safness, but afterwards Osmund's Air, from a malefactor, who on his way
+to execution, being asked where he was going, answered, "To take the
+air." The walk over the sand at low water is firm and good; they should
+be passed three hours after high water, and will be safe for four hours; or
+in other words, two hours before low water and two after. Precautions
+are essentially necessary to be taken, for near the times of the sands being
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Caution.</span>
+
+
+covered by the sea they are frequently shifting, and in many places become
+so watery or quick, as to have proved both dangerous and fatal. This way
+is equally perilous in foggy weather, but as some persons are necessitated
+to pass in every season, the large bell at Aber is humanely rung, to direct
+them towards the sound.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Feb. 13, Holy Thursday, Sept. 19, and Dec.
+19, for cattle.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Bull's Head.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Beaumont</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>452</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Beaumont Hill</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Darlington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sedgefield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Stockton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>245</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>BeaumontLeys</td><td align='right'>ex. pl</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Belgrave</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Grooby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>28</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beauport</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Battle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hastings</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Robertsbridg</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Beausall</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kenilworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Beaworth</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Southamp.</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bis Waltham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Winchester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>62</td><td align='right'>156</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beaworthy</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Hatherleigh</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Holsworthy</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>339</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bebbington, Upper</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Great Neston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bebbington,</td><td align='right'>Low. t &amp; p</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Great Neston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Liverpool</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>440</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bebside</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Horton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>287</td><td align='right'>100</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Beccles[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>3862</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Beconsall</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Ormskirk</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Chorley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Preston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>216</td><td align='right'>476</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bechton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Sandbach</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lawton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'>818</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Beckbury</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Bridgenorth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shiffnal</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>307</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beckenham[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lewisham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>1288</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beckering</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Holton</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BECCLES is a large and well-built town, situated on the river Waveny,
+which is navigable from this place to Yarmouth, and divides in its course
+the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. It is governed by a portreeve and thirty-six
+burgesses, the office of the former being held in rotation by twelve
+of the latter. The church is gothic, with a steeple, containing twelve
+bells, and a porch, which is considered a fine specimen of the florid gothic.
+The ruins of Endgate church may be seen out of the town, but the inhabitants
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Fine gothic
+church.</span>
+
+
+of the village appear to have been long esteemed parishioners of
+Beccles. Here is a theatre, a town hall, a jail, and a free school,
+endowed with 100 acres of land, in the reign of James I.; and a good
+grammar-school founded by Dr. Falconberge, and endowed with an estate,
+then worth forty pounds per annum, although now considerably increased
+in value. Near the town is a large common, on which the inhabitants of
+the town have the privilege of feeding their cattle on easy terms. In 1586
+a fire consumed eighty houses in this place, and property to the amount
+of &pound;20,000.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Whit Monday, June 29, and October 2, for horses and pedlary.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>,
+Gurney and Co., draw on Barclay and Co.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.15 morning; departs
+3.45 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, King's Head, and White Lion.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BECKENHAM. The church of this village is a neat edifice, containing
+many monuments of the Style, Raymond, Burrell, and other
+families. On a slab in the chancel, is a remarkable brass, to the memory
+of dame Margaret, wife of Sir William Dalsell, Knt., and daughter of
+John Barnes. Esq., of Redhall, in Norfolk, who died 1563: she is represented
+in a flowered petticoat, and close-bodied gown; the sleeves slashed
+at the shoulders, and hanging down to the feet. Here is also the monument
+of Mrs. Jane Clarke, wife of Dr. Clarke, physician at Epsom, with
+an elegant inscription, by Gray. The parish register, under the date of
+Oct. 24, 1740, also records the burial of Margaret Finch, who lived to the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Queen of the
+gipsies died
+here, at the
+age of 109.</span>
+
+
+age of 109 years. She was one of the people called gipsies, and had the
+title of their queen. After travelling over various parts of the kingdom,
+during the greater part of a century, she settled at Norwood, whither her
+great age, and the fame of her fortune-telling, attracted numerous visitors.
+From a habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin resting on her knees,
+the sinews at length became so contracted, that she could not rise from that
+posture: after her death, they were obliged to inclose her body in a deep
+square box. Her funeral was attended by two mourning coaches: a sermon
+was preached upon the occasion, and a great concourse of people
+attended the ceremony. Her picture adorns the sign-post of a house of
+public entertainment in Norwood, called the Gipsy House. Beckenham-place,
+the seat of John Cator, Esq., is partly in the parish of Bromley;
+but the mansion itself is in that of Beckenham. Rear-Admiral Sir Piercy
+Brett, who died in 1781, (and with his lady, lies buried in the church,) resided
+here. The estate, which had long been owned by the St. Johns,
+was alienated to the Cators, in 1773. The house is a handsome building,
+commanding a beautiful prospect. Kent House, the ancient seat of the
+Lethieullers, in Beckenham parish, is now occupied as a farm: the estate
+belongs to J.J. Angerstein, Esq. Clay Hill, or the Oakery, also in this
+parish, was the property of the late learned Edward King, Esq., F.R.,
+and A.S. This gentleman, who was a native of Norfolk, was elected president
+of the Society of Antiquaries on the decease of Dr. Milles, in 1784;
+but, on the succeeding election in the year following, he was obliged to
+relinquish the chair to the Earl of Leicester, after an unprecedented contest.
+He was the author of various works; the principal of which are,
+his "Observations on Ancient Castles;" "Morsels of Criticism," tending
+to illustrate the Scriptures; and the "Monumenta Antiqua." He died
+in 1806, at the age of 72.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beckermet, St. Bridgetts.</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Egremont</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ravenglass</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Whitehaven</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>545</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beckermet, St. Johns</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>549</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Becket</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Highworth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lambourne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>73</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Beckford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sedgeberrow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>433</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beckham, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beckham, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>156</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Beckhampton[A]</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlbro'</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Calne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beckingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Leadenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sleaford</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>43</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Beckingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Gainsbro'</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bawtry</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>481</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beckington[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Trowbridge</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>105</td><td align='right'>1340</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Beckley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Islip</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Forest-hill</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>776</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beckley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Rye</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newenden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Lamberhurst</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>56</td><td align='right'>1477</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beckwith Shaw</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>York </td><td align='left'>West End </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='left'>Otley </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Ripley </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='right'> 64</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bedale[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Northallerton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Leeming</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>2707</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BECKHAMPTON. Near this place is an enormous tumulus, perhaps
+the largest in England; it is called Silbury Hill, and common belief
+declares it the place of sepulchre of some British king. The two antiquaries,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Silbury
+Hill.</span>
+
+
+Greethead and Stukeley differ, as antiquaries frequently do, with
+regard to which of the British monarchs the honor of being supposed to
+lie beneath this stupendous monument should belong. The former learned
+writer asserting it to be that of Prydain, and the latter calling it that of Cynneda.
+Scattered over the neighbouring downs are numerous large stones
+called the Grey Wethers; they bear this name from their resemblance to a
+flock of sheep. Beckhampton Inn, stands at the junction of the two
+great Mail roads, leading from London to Bath; the southern road passing
+through Devizes and Melksham; and the northern through Calne and
+Chippenham. The inn is a large brick building, but has a most desolate
+appearance, according well with the character of the gloomy downs on
+the margin of which it stands; yet the traveller would do well to refresh
+here, as there is but little accommodation for many miles beyond.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Falmouth Mail which passes through Devizes, arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.20 night.
+The Bristol Mail which passes through Calne, arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.35 night.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BECKINGTON was formerly a place of much importance in the
+clothing business, but the decline of that trade in the west of England
+has much reduced the town. It was the birth-place of Thomas Beckington,
+an English prelate, who was one of the three appointed to draw up a
+code of laws in conformity with which the Wickliffites were to be proceeded
+against. His book against the salique law is still in the possession
+of the Lambeth library.</p>
+
+
+<p>[C] BEDALE is a tolerably well built town, situated in a rich valley,
+which with the surrounding country is exceedingly fertile, and both corn
+and grass yield abundant crops. The town lies to the west of the Great;
+Glasgow road, about two miles from Leeming Lane. Hornby Castle, the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Seat of the
+Duke of
+Leeds.</span>
+
+
+seat of the Duke of Leeds, deserves the admiration of the tourist. Bedale
+church is a large and handsome edifice, and the tower is said to have been
+constructed with so much strength, as to enable the inhabitants to defend
+themselves therein, during the inroads of the Scots.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday; June 6 and 7; July 5 and 6,
+for horses, cattle, sheep, leather, &amp;c.; Oct. 11 and 12, horned cattle, sheep, hogs and leather;
+and Monday-week before Christmas, for horned cattle and sheep. The Glasgow Mail arrives
+at Leeming Lane, two miles distant 7.54 evening; departs 4.58 morning.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, Black Swan,
+and the Swan.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Bedburn, North</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Bis. Auckld</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wolsingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>254</td><td align='right'>387</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Bedburn, South</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>254</td><td align='right'>296</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Beddgelart[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tan-y-Bwlch</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>1071</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEDDGELART, is situated in a beautiful tract of meadows, at the
+junction of three vales, near the conflux of the Glas Lyn, or Gwynant, or
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Nant
+Colwyn.</span>
+
+
+Nant hwynant, and the Colwyn, which flows through Nant Colwyn, a
+vale which leads to Caernarvon. Its situation was the fittest in the world,
+says Mr. Pennant, to inspire religious meditation, amid lofty mountains,
+woods, and murmuring streams. The church is small, yet the loftiest in
+Snowdonia. The east window consists of three narrow slips. The roof
+is neat, and there yet remains some very pretty fret work. A side chapel
+is supported by two neat pillars and gothic arches. This church has been
+conventual, belonging to a priory of Augustines, dedicated to the Virgin.
+They were probably of the class called Gilbertines, consisting of both men
+and women, living under the same roof, but divided by a wall, as a piece
+of ground near the church is called Dol y Llein (the meadow of the nun).
+No remnant of the priory however exists. The ground on the south side
+of the church seems to have been the spot whereon the buildings stood
+which the monks formerly inhabited. There are two or three arched
+doors on that side the church, through which probably the friars entered.
+The ancient mansion-house near the church might have been the residence
+of the prior. In this house is shown an old pewter mug, that will
+hold upwards of two quarts; and any person able to grasp it with one
+hand, while full of ale, and to drink it off at one draught, is entitled to
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+pewter
+mug.</span>
+
+
+the liquor gratis, and the tenant is to charge it to the lord of the manor as
+part payment of his rent. Tradition says, that Llewelyn the Great came
+to reside at Beddgelart during the hunting season, with his wife and
+children; and one day, the family being absent, a wolf had entered the
+house. On returning, his greyhound, called Ciliart, met him, wagging
+his tail, but covered with blood. The prince being alarmed, ran into the
+nursery, and found the cradle in which the child had lain covered
+with blood. Imagining the greyhound had killed the child, he immediately
+drew his sword and slew him, but on turning up the cradle,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Tradition
+of a wolf
+and child.</span>
+
+
+he found under it the child alive, and the wolf dead. This so affected
+the prince, that he erected a tomb over his faithful dog's grave, where,
+afterwards, the parish church was built, and called from this accident,
+Bedd-Cilihart, or the grave of Cilihart. In the Welch annals this
+region is styled the forest of Snowdon. It is a subject of great regret to
+most tourists, that many of the rocks which surround Beddgelart, though
+once covered with oaks, are now naked. One proprietor, however, is
+raising new plantations upon his estate. Snowdonia, though once a
+forest, contains now scarcely a tree. Salmon is very plentiful here, selling
+sometimes as low as three-farthings a pound; the average price is
+about four-pence. The best land lets at 20s. an acre; but the average of
+the neighbourhood is from 2s. 6d. to 5s., with unlimited right of common
+upon the mountains. In this little plain is an almost inexhaustible
+turbary, or right of digging turf. There is a comfortable inn at this
+place, called Beddgelart Hotel. It is marked by the emblem of the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Guide to
+the mountains.</span>
+
+
+goat, with the following appropriate motto. "Patria mea Petra." My
+country is a rock. The guide to the mountains is the harper of the house;
+or a resident in the village. William Lloyd, the schoolmaster of this place,
+was long noted as an intelligent "conductor to Snowdon, Moel Hebog,
+Dinas Emrys, Llanberis pass, the lakes, waterfalls, &amp;c.; he was also a
+collector of crystals, fossils, and natural curiosities found in these regions.
+Dealer in superfine woollen hose, socks, gloves, &amp;c.," but in the year 1804,
+he finally emerged from all sublunary avocations, to the regions beyond
+the grave. Opposite to the village of Beddgelart, is Moel Hebog (the
+hill of flight) which Lord Lyttelton ascended. [see Festiniog.] In a
+bog near that mountain, was found in 1784, a most curious brass shield,
+which was deposited with Mr. Williams, of Llanidan; its diameter was
+two feet two inches, the weight four pounds; in the centre was a plain
+umbo projecting above two inches; the surface was marked with twenty-seven
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Brass shield
+found.</span>
+
+
+smooth concentric elevated circles, and between each a depressed
+space of the same breadth with the elevated parts, marked by a single row
+of smooth studs. The whole shield was flat and very flexible. This
+was probably Roman, for the Welsh despised every species of defensive
+armour. In ascending the summit of Snowdon from this place, a
+neighbouring vale is passed, which is by far the most beautiful of the
+vales among these mountains. It is about six miles long, and affords
+a great variety of wood, lakes, and meadows. The vale of Llanberis
+is the only one which may be said to rival it; but their characters
+are so different, that they cannot with propriety be compared. On the
+left, about a mile and a half up the valley, is a lofty wood-clad rock,
+called the fort of Ambrosius, or Merlin Ermys, a magician who was sent
+for to this place from Caermarthen, by Vortigern, who was king of Britain
+from 449 to 466. Upon its summit is a level piece of ground, and
+the remains of a square fort; and upon the west side, facing Beddgelart,
+there are traces of a long wall. It stands detached from other rocks, and
+at a distance appears in the form of a man's hat. Adjoining is a stony
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Groves of
+the magicians.</span>
+
+
+tract called the cells or groves of the magicians. In the next field, a
+number of large stones are called the tombs of the magicians. It was to
+this place that Vortigern retired, when he found himself despised by his
+subjects, and unable to contend longer with the treacherous Saxons, whom
+he had introduced into his kingdom. It is probable that this insular rock
+afforded him a temporary residence till he removed to his final retreat in
+Nant Gwrtheyrn, or Vortigern's Valley. Speed says, probably without
+truth, that Vortigern married his own child by Rowena, daughter of Hengist,
+the Saxon prince, and had by her one son. There is a tradition, that
+Madog, the son of prince Owen Gwynedd, resided in this vale for some
+time before he left his country for America. The entrance from Beddgelart,
+is but the breadth of a narrow rugged road, close by the river's side, in
+which there is nothing inviting; but passing on, the traveller advances
+upon enchanted ground, where he finds extensive meadows, expanding at
+every turn of rock, smooth as a bowling green; beautiful lakes and meandering
+rivers, abounding in fish; mountains towering one above the
+other in succession, while to the left, Snowdon overtops them all, seeming
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Snowdon.</span>
+
+
+like another Atlas, to support the firmament. Mr. Pennant, says he continued
+his walk along a narrow path above the lake, as far as the extremity;
+then descending, reached the opposite side, in order to encounter a
+third ascent, as arduous as the preceding. This brought him into the
+horrible crater immediately beneath the great precipice of Wyddfa; its
+situation is dreadful, surrounded by more than three parts of a circle, with
+the most horrible precipices of the highest peak of Snowdon. The strange
+break, called the pass of the Arrows, was probably a station for the hunters
+to watch the wandering of the deer. The margin of Ffynmon-las here
+appeared to be shallow and gravelly, the waters had a greenish cast, but
+what is very singular, the rocks reflected into them seemed varied with
+stripes of the richest colours, like the most beautiful lute-strings, and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The pass
+of the Arrows.</span>
+
+
+changed almost to infinity. Here he observed the wheat-ear, a small and
+seemingly tender bird, and yet almost the only small one, or indeed the
+only one, (except the rock-ouzel) that frequents these heights; the reason
+is evidently the want of food. The mountainous tract near Snowdon,
+scarcely yields any corn; the produce is cattle and sheep, which during
+summer they keep very high in the mountains, followed by their owners
+with their families, who reside during that season in their Havod-dai, or
+summer dwelling, or dairy houses, as the farmers in the Swiss Alps do in
+their Sennes. These houses consist of a long low room, with a hole at one
+end to let out the smoke, from the fire which is made beneath. Their furniture
+is very simple, stones are the substitutes for stools, and the beds are
+of hay, ranged along the sides: they manufacture their own clothes and dye
+them with plants, collected from the rocks. During summer, the men pass
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The summer
+habits of
+the mountaineers.</span>
+
+
+their time in harvest work, or tending their herds; the women in milking,
+or making butter and cheese of the milk for their own consumption. The
+diet of these mountaineers is very plain, consisting of butter, cheese and
+oat bread; their drink is whey, not but that they have their reserve of a
+few bottles of very strong beer, by way of cordial, in sickness. They are
+people of good understanding, wary, and circumspect; usually tall, thin,
+and of strong constitutions, from their way of living. Towards winter,
+they descend to their old dwelling, where they lead, during that season, a
+vacant life, in carding, spinning, knitting, &amp;c. The height of Snowdon is
+3571 feet.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beddingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>264</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Beddington</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Croydon</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Sutton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ewell</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>1429</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bedfield</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>88</td><td align='right'>323</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bedfont, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Staines</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hounslow</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Colnbrook</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>968</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bedfont, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedfordshire[A]</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>95383</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BEDFORDSHIRE. This county, before the Roman invasion, was
+part of the district inhabited by a race of people whom the invaders denominated
+Cassii. Afterwards, in A.D. 310, it was a third part of the division
+named Flavia C&aelig;sariensis. After that, it was attached to the kingdom
+of Mercia. In 827 it became subject to the West Saxons. It was
+first called Bedfordshire in the reign of Alfred the Great, probably from
+Bedan Forda: i.e. The Fortress on the Ford; there being fortifications
+on the borders of the river Ouse. It is an inland county, bounded on the
+north by Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire; west by Buckinghamshire;
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">An inland
+county.</span>
+
+
+south by Bucks and Herts; and east by Herts and Cambridgeshire.
+Its form approaches an irregular parallelogram, with many deep and
+almost isolated indentations. The extent is about 36 miles in the greatest
+length, and the greatest breadth about 22 miles; it contains 465 square
+miles; circumference about 95 miles. It is divided into 9 hundreds, 125
+parishes, 10 market towns, 58 vicarages, 550 villages, having a total population
+of 95,383 inhabitants. It belongs to the Norfolk circuit, and is
+in the diocese of Lincoln; subject to an archdeaconal jurisdiction, being
+divided into six deaneries. The climate is deemed mild and genial. The
+prevailing winds south westerly; the north east winds being regarded as
+indicating a cold summer and a severe winter. The soil is of an exceedingly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Climate
+mild.</span>
+
+
+mixed and varied character; but much the greatest portion is of a
+clayey nature, particularly in parts north of Bedford. The south districts
+are chalky. A slip extending diagonally from Woburn to near Biggleswade
+is a mixed sand; an almost equal portion from the vicinity of Biggleswade
+to the neighbourhood of Bedford, partakes of a rich gravelly
+soil; part of which, near the town of Biggleswade and village of Sandy,
+is successfully cultivated for the production of garden vegetables to a considerable
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Value of
+the land.</span>
+
+
+extent. So peculiarly is that soil adapted for such produce, that
+it is in some instances let for more than &pound;14. per acre; and generally
+from &pound;4. to &pound;9. may be considered as a fair rent for that luxuriant soil.
+There can be no standard or real average as to the value of land; as the
+value, like the soil itself, is exceedingly variable. Rivers.&mdash;The Ouse and
+the Ivel are the chief; both of which abound with fish of various kinds.
+The Ouse is remarkable for very great and sudden inundations. The
+Grand Junction Canal skirts this county at Leighton Buzzard. The
+natural produce consists chiefly in corn, garden vegetables, cheese and
+butter. There is a little ironstone, limestone, and a few extraneous fossils.
+There are several mineral springs, but none of any celebrity. The
+principal landed proprietor is the Duke of Bedford. His Grace possesses
+estates in about 25 parishes; under the auspices of whom and of his
+illustrious brother, the county is indebted for immense agricultural improvements.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedford[A]</td><td align='right'>bo</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>St. Albans</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>6959</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Newton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leigh</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>3087</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bedhampton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Havant</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Fareham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>537</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bedingfield</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Eye</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Debenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Framlingham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>87</td><td align='right'>332</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bedingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Bungay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Harleston</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>380</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bedlam</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BEDFORD. This is an ancient corporation, the earliest charter of
+which is dated in 1160. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen,
+two chamberlains, and thirteen common councilmen. Whoever may have
+been a mayor is always afterwards reputed as an alderman. The mayor
+and bailiffs are chosen annually out of the freemen. As early as the year
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Very ancient
+corporation.</span>
+
+
+1295, it sent two members to parliament. The Duke of Bedford takes
+his title from this town, which first gave title of duke to the victorious
+prince John Plantagenet, Regent of France, during the minority of his
+nephew, Henry VI. as it did in the reign of Edward IV. first to John
+Nevil, Marquis of Montacute, and then to the king's third son, George
+Plantagenet; but he dying an infant, the title lay vacant till Henry VII.
+created his uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, who also died without
+issue; and thus far the title was enjoyed by the first possessor only of
+each family. But King Edward VI. making John, Lord Russel, Earl of
+Bedford, the dignity has ever since been in that illustrious house, with an
+advancement of it to the title of Duke, by King William III. The history
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Origin of
+the Bedford
+family.</span>
+
+
+of the noble family of Russell is curious and interesting. They appear to
+have originated in Dorsetshire, and owe their greatness to an accident on
+that coast. In the reign of Henry VII., Philip, Archduke of Austria,
+being bound for Spain, the heiress of which kingdom he had married, was
+obliged by a storm to put on shore at Weymouth, where he was received
+by Sir Thomas Frenchard, of Wolverton, Knt., who, till he could inform
+the court of the event, sent for his neighbour Mr. John Russell, then
+lately returned from his travels, to entertain his illustrious guests. The
+Archduke was so pleased with his conversation, that he recommended him
+to the king of England, who soon advanced him to several honourable
+posts, and his son Henry VIII. created him Baron Russell of Cheneys,
+in the county of Bucks, which estate he afterwards acquired by marriage.
+He was made by Henry VIII. lord warden of the stannaries, and
+lord admiral of England and Ireland, knight of the garter, and lord
+privy seal. In the reign of Edward VI. he was lord high steward for
+the coronation, and had a grant of Woburn Abbey, and was in the 3rd
+of Edward VI. 1549, created earl of Bedford. He had the honour to
+conduct over to England, Philip of Spain, grandson to the prince who first
+brought him to court and advancement. He died 1554, and was succeeded
+by his son Francis, who died in 1585, and was buried at Cheneys,
+as were most of his descendants. His son Francis being killed a day or
+two before his father's death, by the Scotch in the marches, his son Edward
+succeeded his grandfather, and died 1627; he was succeeded by his
+cousin Francis, son of his uncle William, lord Russell, of Thornhaugh,
+lord deputy of Ireland, in the reign of Elizabeth. This Francis was the
+first projector of the draining of the great level of the fens, called after
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bedford
+Level.</span>
+
+
+him, Bedford Level, and dying 1641, was succeeded by his eldest son William,
+who after having several times joined both parties during the civil
+war, at last adhered to the royal cause, and suffered a severe loss in the
+death of his only son by the very family whom he had supported; to
+compensate for which he was created by King William, Marquis of Tavistock,
+and Duke of Bedford, and dying in 1700, was succeeded by his
+grandson Wriothesley. He, in 1711, by his son and namesake, and he
+1732, by his brother John, who, dying in 1771, was succeeded by his
+grandson Francis, the late duke, who died rather suddenly, of an illness
+occasioned by a rupture, on the 2nd of March, 1802, in the 37th year of
+his age. His brother, Lord John Russell, succeeded him in his title and
+estates. This nobleman, so suddenly and unexpectedly raised to ducal
+honours, was born on the sixth of July, 1766; and, on the 21st of March,
+1786, before he had completed his twentieth year, he married at Brussels,
+Georgiana Elizabeth, the second daughter of Viscount Torrington.
+This lady died on the 11th of October, 1801; leaving issue, Francis,
+born May 10, 1788; George William, born May 8, 1790; and John,
+born August 19, 1792. Shortly after his accession to the title, his grace
+married a second time, Georgiana, the fifth daughter of the duke of
+Gordon, by whom he had several children. After the death of
+Mr. Pitt, when Mr. Fox and his friends succeeded to power, his grace
+was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; a post which, without distinguishing
+himself as a party man, he filled to the entire and general
+satisfaction of the public. When Henry II. granted a charter to the burgesses
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">First charter
+granted
+by Henry II.</span>
+
+
+of the town of Bedford, he rendered it subject to the payment of
+&pound;40. per annum, as a fee-farm rent to the crown. Their mercantile guild
+and ancient privileges were confirmed by the succeeding monarch, who
+also granted new privileges and immunities similar to those enjoyed by
+the burgesses of Oxford. Richard II. granted still more extended privileges,
+and among others a view of Frankpledge within the borough. In
+this monarch's charter the corporation are styled the mayor, bailiffs, and
+burgesses. In the reign of Edward I. the liberties of the town were seized
+by that monarch, the bailiffs having neglected to discharge the fee-farm
+rent. In the reign of Henry VI. the town being much decayed, many
+houses gone to ruin, and the trade of it brought low, and the usual issues
+discontinued, the inhabitants petitioned the king to shew them his grace:
+accordingly he granted that the yearly rent should be remitted in part for
+a time. In the reign of Henry VII. it was permanently reduced, through
+the interposition of Sir Reginald Bray, then Prime Minister, to &pound;20. per
+annum, and afterwards to &pound;16. 5s. 8d. which rent is now payable to their
+successors. The last renewal of the charter of incorporation was in the
+reign of King James II. in whose time the mayor and aldermen were removed
+from their respective offices, by royal mandate, for neglecting to
+elect two burgesses to serve in parliament. The members were in consequence
+chosen by his Majesty's ministers. The right of election was
+determined in 1690, to be in the burgesses, freemen, and inhabitant
+householders not receiving alms. The number of voters is nearly 500.
+Bedford is a place of great antiquity, and is supposed by some writers to
+have been the Lactidorum of Antoninus; but Camden objects to this, on
+the ground that the town is not situated on any Roman road, neither have
+any Roman coins been found there. Its situation is upon the Ouse, by
+which it is divided into two parts, in the direction of east and west. This
+circumstance enables it to carry on a considerable trade with Lynn. In
+the Saxons' time, Bedford was a place of considerable consequence: as
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">King Offa
+buried here.</span>
+
+
+appears from its having been chosen by Offa, the powerful King of the
+Mercians, for his burial place. His bones were interred in a small chapel,
+which being situated on the brink of the river Ouse, was afterwards undermined
+and swept away by the floods, during an inundation. Bedford,
+as has been already stated, was also famous for a victory gained in the
+year 572, by Cuthwlf, the Saxon king, over the Britons. The Danes once
+destroyed this town; but Edward the Elder repaired it, and united the
+town on the south side of the river, called Mikesgate, to Bedford, on the
+north side of it; since which they have both gone by this name. After
+the conquest, Pain de Beauchamp, the third Baron of Bedford, built a
+castle here, encompassed with a mighty rampart of earth, and a high wall,
+the whole so strong that King Stephen, who besieged and took it in his
+war with the Empress Maud, was glad to grant the garrison honourable
+terms. In the barons' wars it was again besieged, and for want of relief,
+taken by King John's forces under Fulco de Brent, to whom the King
+gave it for a reward; but for his subsequent behaviour he took it from
+him, and caused it to be demolished, though it was not quite level till the
+reign of Henry III. The celebrated John Bunyan, whom we shall notice
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">John Bunyan.</span>
+
+
+hereafter, was ordained co-pastor of the congregation of St. Peter's, in
+1671, and continued in that situation until he died in 1688. The chair in
+which he used to sit is still preserved as a relic in the vestry of the chapel.
+As early as the year 1745, the Moravians, or society of Unitas Fratrum,
+had an establishment at Bedford, where they built a neat chapel in 1750.
+Of late years, however, the number of these recluse and inoffensive
+sectaries has considerably declined; and the house adjoining to the
+chapel, which was formerly appropriated to the brethren and the sisters
+of the society, has been converted into a school. In the year 1556, Sir
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Noble charity,
+founded by
+Sir William
+Harper.</span>
+
+
+William Harper founded a free school in Bedford, for the instruction of
+children of the town in grammar and good manners. The school-house
+was rebuilt in 1767, when a statue of the founder was placed in the front,
+with a latin inscription beneath, to the following effect:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Behold, Traveller, the Bodily Resemblance<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Of Sir William Harper, Knight;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Of this School,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Thus spacious and Adorned,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">The Munificent Founder,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">The Picture of His Mind,<br />
+Is Dedicated in the Table of Benefactions."</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>The warden and fellows of New College, Oxford, are visitors of this
+school, and have the appointment of the masters and ushers. The master's
+salary is &pound;260. with coals and candles; that of the second master is
+&pound;160., with the same allowance of fire and candle. The writing-master
+has a salary of &pound;80. per annum. Sir William Harper, for the support of
+this excellent institution, conveyed to the corporation thirteen acres and
+one rood of land, lying in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, which he
+had purchased for the sum of &pound;180.; he also conveyed his late dwelling-house,
+&amp;c., at Bedford. The revenues of these estates were also to be
+applied towards apportioning maidens of the town on their entrance into
+the marriage estate. In the year 1660, the corporation leased the whole
+of the lands in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, for the term of 41
+years, at the yearly rent of &pound;99. In the year 1684, a reversionary
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Its revenues.</span>
+
+
+lease was granted for the further term of 51 years, at the improved rent of
+&pound;150. In consequence of granting these leases, a great number of houses
+were built, and the following streets covered the above-mentioned thirteen
+acres of meadow land:&mdash;Bedford-street, Bedford-row, Bedford-court,
+Princes-street, Theobald's-road, North-street, East-street, Lamb's Conduit-street,
+Queen-street, Eagle-street, Boswell-court, Queen-street, Harper-street,
+Richbell-court, Hand-court, Gray's Inn-passage, Three Cup-yard,
+&amp;c. The annual rent of these buildings is now considerably
+increased, and it is expected that in a few years it will amount to upwards
+of &pound;30,000. This extraordinary increase of revenue occasioned the
+trustees to apply to parliament for two several acts to regulate its disposal,
+and to extend the objects of the charity. By the priorism contained in
+these acts of parliament, the maintenance of the master and usher of the
+grammar-school, and the maintenance of a master, and two ushers to the
+English school, is provided. Three exhibitions of &pound;40. per annum, are
+given to scholars from the free school, either at Oxford or Cambridge,
+during the space of six years. The sum of &pound;800. per annum is appropriated
+for marriage portions, to be given by lot in sums of &pound;20. each, to
+forty poor maidens of Bedford, of good fame and reputation, not under
+sixteen years of age, and not exceeding fifty. They are not to marry
+within two months after receiving the marriage portion, otherwise to forfeit
+it. The men to whom they are to be married must not be vagrants
+or persons of bad fame or reputation. A yearly sum of &pound;3,000. per
+annum is also appropriated by the last act, for the maintenance of twenty-six
+boys in an hospital or school of industry, and &pound;700. to be laid out
+in apprentice fees for fifteen poor boys and five girls, to be chosen by lot.
+The trustees have likewise been enabled to build alms-houses for
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Alms-houses.</span>
+
+
+a number of poor men and women. The weekly allowance to each is
+3s., and 40s. annually for clothing. If a poor man and his wife live together,
+they are allowed to the amount of 5s. per week. One hundred
+pounds per annum is appropriated to be given in sums of &pound;5. each, to
+twenty poor girls upon their going out to service. The residue of the
+income is to be laid out in buildings, and in endowing more alms-houses,
+or building cottages to be let at a low rent to the poor. Here are also a
+house of industry, and an infirmary, which are well supported. Lace-making
+employs a great number of the lower classes, both in the town and county
+of Bedford. The lace is chiefly made by women; and children at the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Lace-making,<br />
+the chief trade.</span>
+
+
+early age of four years are set down to it. On certain days, the persons
+appointed by the dealers collect the lace of the different villages, and convey
+it to the London market. A strong stone bridge connects the
+northern and southern parts of the town. "This bridge," says Grose, "is
+one hundred and sixteen yards in length, four and a half broad, and has
+a parapet three feet and a half high; this, it is said, was erected in the
+reign of Queen Mary, out of the ruins of St. Dunstan's church, which
+stood on the south side of the bridge. It has seven arches, and near the
+centre were two gate-houses; that on the north, being used for a prison,
+and that on the south served as a store-house for the arms and ammunition
+of the troops quartered here. These gate-houses were taken down
+in the year 1765, and six lamps set up on posts at proper distances."
+The town-hall, or sessions-house, in which the assizes for the county are
+holden, is situated in an area before St. Paul's church. It was erected in
+the year 1753, and is a capacious and handsome structure.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Tuesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, First Tuesday in Lent, April 21, July 5, Aug. 21,
+Oct. 11, and Dec. 19, for all kinds of cattle.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 1.14 morning; departs 2.54 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Banker</i>,
+Thomas Barnard, draws on Kay and Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, George, and Swan.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bedlington[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>286</td><td align='right'>2120</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bedmanton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Sittingbourne</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lenham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Maidstone</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bedminster</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Dundry</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Weston</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>119</td><td align='right'>13130</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Bednall</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Penkridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Rugeley</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Bedston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bishops' Cas.</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>159</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bedwas</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Cardiff</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>756</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedwall Green</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Toddington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hockliffe</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bedwelty</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Abergavenn.</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>159</td><td align='right'>10637</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BEDLINGTON, though within the county of Northumberland, belongs
+to Chester ward, in the county of Durham. It lies between the
+rivers Wansbeck and Blythe. The monks of Durham, in their flight to
+Lindisfarne, before the arms of the Conqueror, with the incorruptible
+body of St. Cuthbert, rested all night here. The Rev. Francis Woodmas,
+the expositor of St. Chrysostom, was vicar here from 1696 to 1710. The
+
+<span class="sidenote">Blast
+furnaces.</span>
+
+Bedlington blast furnace, for smelting iron, was some years since taken
+down. At the Bebside and Bedlington Mills, about fifty men are employed.
+An unsuccessful attempt was a few years ago made to establish
+a manufactory of printed cottons at Stannington bridge, in this
+neighbourhood.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bedwin, Great[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Marlborough</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ramsbary</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>2191</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bedwin, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>..</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>..</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>70</td><td align='right'>587</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bedworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Nuneaton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Longford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>96</td><td align='right'>3980</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Beeby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Houghton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Melton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>120</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Beech</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Eccleshall</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beech Hill</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Aldermaston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kingsclere</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>249</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Beechingstoke</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Devizes</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Pewsey</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lavington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>86</td><td align='right'>187</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beeding, Upper</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Steyning</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Shoreham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Brighton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>589</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Beeding, Lower</td><td align='right'>ti</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>533</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beedon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>E. Ilsley</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>57</td><td align='right'>306</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Beeford</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Driffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>894</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beeley</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Matlock</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>441</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beelsby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Caistor</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>158</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beenham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Reading</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Pangbourn</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>47</td><td align='right'>360</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beer</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Colyton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Sidmouth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beer</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stowey</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Watchet</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beerhall</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Honiton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Crewkerne</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>147</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Beeralston[B]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Tavistock</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Plymouth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Saltash</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>213</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BEDWIN was a market-town, and supposed by Stukeley to have
+been the Leucomagus of the Romans; it certainly was a chief city of the
+Saxons, who built a castle there. It was a borough by prescription, sending
+two members to parliament, and is governed by a portreeve, and exercises
+many of its original rights, although considerably reduced in
+population. The church, a cruciform building of flints, with a central
+tower, is ancient and curious in itself, and for the monuments which it
+contains. The obtusely pointed arches of the nave, ornamented with
+zig-zag and billetted mouldings, rest on capitals, richly adorned with
+flowers, grotesque heads, and other figures. In the south transept are
+two tombs, which commemorate Adam and Roger de Stocre, Lords, according
+to Leland, of "Stoke Haulle thereby." The chancel contains
+the noble altar monument of Sir John Seymour, of Wolphall, father of
+the Protector, Somerset, and other distinguished persons. Near this
+tomb are two brass plates, on one of which is the figure of a lady, with
+her hands folded, and the inscription&mdash;"Julia Seymour;" the other commemorates
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Monument
+of Julia Seymour,
+sister to Lady
+Jane Grey.</span>
+
+
+a son of Sir John Seymour. The manor of Bedwin, which
+once belonged to Gilbert, Earl of Clare, husband of Anna d'Acres, was
+purchased by the late Earl of Aylesbury. This place gave birth, in 1621,
+to Dr. Thomas Willis, a learned physician, who wrote several works on
+his art, was appointed physician in ordinary to Charles II., and died of
+pleurisy in 1675. On Castle-hill is an entrenchment, in area two acres,
+with some foundations, supposed to be those of a castle, founded by the
+Saxons. Chisbury Castle is an entrenchment more than fifteen acres in
+extent, supposed to have been begun by the Britons, and sometime occupied
+by the Romans. The neighbouring village of Little Bedwin has a
+church built of flints, in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture, with a
+nave, aisles, chancel, and tower.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, formerly Tuesday (disused).&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 23, and July 26, for horses, cows, and
+sheep.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BEERALSTON. This place once had the privilege of sending two
+members to parliament. It is chiefly inhabited by labourers employed in
+agriculture and mining. The borough was under the influence of the Earl
+of Beverley. The right of election was vested in those who had land in
+the borough, and paid three-pence acknowledgment to the Lord of the
+Manor, who varied the number of electors at his pleasure, by granting
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Electioneering
+abuses.</span>
+
+
+burgage-tenures, which were generally resigned when the election was concluded,
+to as many of his partisans as were requisite. The portreeve,
+chosen annually in the Lord's court, was the returning-officer. The first
+members were returned in the twenty-seventh of Elizabeth. Risdon
+mentions that Beare was bestowed by William the Conqueror on a family
+descended from the house of Alencon in France, and that it still continues
+its name under the corruption of Bere-Alson. In the reign of Henry II.,
+Henry Ferrers had a castle here, which came to the possession of his descendant
+Martin Ferrers, the last of the house, in the time of Edward III.
+The manor then came to the Champernounes, and passed respectively
+through the families of Willoughby, Mountjoy, Maynard, and Stamford,
+to the present possessor, the Duke of Northumberland. In this place are
+several lead-mines, now of inconsiderable value, though sometimes impregnated
+with silver; but in the reign of Edward I., it is said, that in
+the space of three years 1,600 pounds weight of silver was obtained.
+Since that time no considerable quantity has ever been procured.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Berecrocombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Somerton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>135</td><td align='right'>182</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Bere Ferris[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Saltash</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Plymouth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tavistock</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>215</td><td align='right'>1876</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bere Hacket</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Sherborne</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>110</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bere Regis[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.&amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Wareham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>1170</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BERE FERRIS. This parish is situated south by west from Tavistock.
+Here, observes Risdon, "lieth Ley, the ancient possession of a
+family so called, whence the name tooke that honor; for from hence Sir
+James Ley, Knt., Lord Chief Justice of England, and High Treasurer,
+created afterwards Earle of Marlborough, descended; a lawgiver in the
+chief place of justice, and a preserver of venerable antiquity, whose noble
+thoughts were so fixed on virtue, and his discourses embellished with
+wisdome, and his heart with integrity, that his words did never bite, nor
+his actions wrong any man, to give him just cause of complaynt."
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A honest
+lawyer.</span>
+
+
+Amongst several ancient monuments in Bere-Ferris Church, is one under
+an arched recess, of a cross-legged knight half inclined on his right side,
+with his right hand on his sword; and another of a knight and his lady,
+under a richly ornamented arch in the chancel. Among the figures
+painted on the east window is that of William Ferrers, who was probably
+the builder of this fabric, as he is represented kneeling, and holding the
+model of a church in his hand.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BERE REGIS is situated in the Blandford division of the county.
+Drs. Stukeley and Coker conjecture that this place was the site of a
+Roman station; an opinion which is confirmed by a large entrenchment
+upon Woodbury Hill, about half a mile north-east of the parish. The
+area of this place, which contains about ten acres, is surrounded by triple
+ramparts, that in some places are high and deep. On the summit, which
+commands a very extensive prospect, a fair is annually holden. This fair
+begins on the Nativity of the Virgin, and continues through the five following
+days: though of late years it has much decreased; it was once the
+most considerable in the west of England. Queen Elfrida, to whom the
+manor belonged, is said to have retired to her seat in this place, after the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The residence
+of Queen
+Elfrida.</span>
+
+
+murder of her son-in-law, Edward the Martyr. King John also appears
+to have made it his residence. In the reign of Henry III. the manor was
+bestowed on Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester; but, as a consequence
+attending his rebellion, it was taken from him, and granted to the King's
+brother, Edmund. Edmund gave a moiety of it to the Abbess of Tarent,
+who, in the reign of Edward I. claimed for her manor of Bere a fair, a
+market, a free-warren, and the whole forest of Bere. Her moiety of these
+was granted her. At the dissolution, Henry VIII., for the sum of
+&pound;680. 16s. 8d. granted the manor to Robert Turberville, to whose ancestors
+the other moiety had belonged for ages. The mansion of the
+Turbervilles still remains: it is an ancient irregular structure, built with
+stone, and its windows contain various quarterings of the Turberville family
+and its alliances. Bere Regis, though it does not appear ever to
+have been represented in parliament, was incorporated in the time of
+Edward I. Its market is ancient, as appears from King John's having
+confirmed it to the inhabitants. The church is a large and handsome
+structure, and contains numerous monuments of the Turberville and other
+families. The town of Bere Regis has suffered twice by fire: once in
+1634, and again in 1788. After the latter fire the inhabitants found
+shelter in the booths erected for the fair. The most distinguished natives
+of the place have been James Turberville, Bishop of Exeter, and John
+Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, September 18.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bees, St.[A]</td><td align='right'>to &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Egremont</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Whitehaven</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Buttermere</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>296</td><td align='right'>517</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beesby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Grimsby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>M. Raisin</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beesby in the Marsh,</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>132</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='left'>Biggleswade</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tempsford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>48</td><td align='right'>258</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEES, (ST.) This ancient village is situated in the Ward of Allerdale,
+west by north from Egremont. It is understood to have derived its name
+and origin from a religious house, which was founded here about the year
+650, by St. Bega, an Irish nun of great sanctity. On the death of Bega,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Early history.</span>
+
+
+a church was erected in honour of her virtues; but both these establishments
+having been destroyed by the Danes, William, son of Ranulph de
+Meschines, replaced them by a new foundation of Benedictine monks, and
+made it a cell to the Abbey of St. Mary at York: in the time of Henry I.
+The manor was granted after the dissolution to Sir Thomas Chaloner, by
+Edward VI. in the last year of his reign. It next became the property
+of a family named Wyberg, from whom, under a fore-closed mortgage,
+it passed to an ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, about the year 1663.
+St. Bees church, which was erected about the time of Henry I., had the
+form of a cross, and great part of it is yet standing. The east-end is
+unroofed, and in ruins: the nave, however, is fitted up as the parish
+church, and the cross aisle is used as a place of sepulchre. The ancient
+chancel has narrow lancet windows, ornamented with double mouldings,
+and pilasters, with rich capitals. At the east end are niches,
+of a singular form, with pointed arches, supported on well proportioned
+pillars, having capitals adorned with rich engravings. The whole edifice
+is of red free-stone. A free grammar school was founded in the village of
+St. Bees by Archbishop Girandal, under a charter from Queen Elizabeth,
+towards the close of the sixteenth century. This prelate was born in the
+neighbouring village of Helsingham, in the year 1519. He was educated
+at Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship at Pembroke Hall. Being
+attached to the principles of the Reformation, Bishop Ridley made him
+his chaplain, and precentor of St. Pauls. He was also appointed chaplain
+to the King, and prebendary of Westminster; but on the accession of
+Mary he retired to Germany, and settled at Strasburgh. When Elizabeth
+ascended the throne he returned home, and was employed in revising the
+Litany. In 1559 he was chosen master of Pembroke Hall, and the same
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Archbishop
+Girandal.</span>
+
+
+year preferred to the see of London, from whence, in 1570 he was translated
+to York, and in 1575 to Canterbury. Two years afterwards he was
+suspended from his archiepiscopal functions, for refusing to obey the
+Queen's order to suppress prophecyings, or the associations of the clergy
+to expound the Scriptures. His sequestration was taken off, though he
+never completely recovered the royal favour. He died at Croydon, 1583.
+He contributed to Fox's acts and monuments. James I. afterwards increased
+the endowments, which have been since augmented by divers
+benefactors. Several scholars of great eminence have received the
+rudiments of education in this seminary. It is remarkable, however,
+that, till a few years ago, the school had not undergone any material
+change since its foundation. Occasional repairs were indeed found absolutely
+necessary for the support of the buildings, but no improvement
+seems ever to have been attempted. Through the munificence of the
+Earl of Lonsdale this long respected seminary has been put into complete
+order, and made more suitable to the purpose intended by the pious
+founder than it had been at any time since its erection. Exclusive of
+what has been done at the spacious school-room, the library is rendered
+more commodious. The master's house, which adjoins the school, has
+been enlarged, some parts of it rebuilt, a good garden well walled round,
+and the whole made a very comfortable and eligible residence.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Beeston[A]</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Tarporley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>434</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Swaffham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Castle Acre</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>702</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Chilwell</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Ashby</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>124</td><td align='right'>2530</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Beeston</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leeds</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Birstall</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Huddersfield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>2128</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston, St. Andrew</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Worstead</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>49</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston, St. Lawren.</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>52</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beeston Regis</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>126</td><td align='right'>246</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>40</td><td align='left'>Beethom[B]</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>Westmorlnd</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Millthorpe</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Kendal</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>252</td><td align='right'>1639</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beetley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>E. Dereham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Foulsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fakenham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'>381</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Begbrook</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Woodstock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Islip</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>102</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Beggerielge</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Beckington</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEESTON. Near this village are the remains of a castle, once deemed
+impregnable; it is situated on a sandstone rock, 366 feet in perpendicular
+height. So strong was this fortress considered, that it became a proverb
+in the neighbourhood to say, "It is as strong as Beeston Castle." The
+area contains five acres, and was rendered unapproachable by means of a
+very wide ditch. In the reign of Charles I. it underwent a lengthened
+siege, or rather blockade, for all communications were cut off with the
+neighbourhood for a long term; at last it was compelled to surrender,
+and the parliament ordered it to be dismantled. During the period of the
+threatened invasion of the French, in 1803, this castle was fixed upon by
+the lieutenancy of the county, as the site for a signal station and beacon.
+The ancient and craggy walls are beautifully mantled over with a luxuriant
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Castle on a
+rock.</span>
+
+
+covering of ivy, and the base of the hill abounds with several
+varieties of rare plants. The well of the castle is nearly 300 feet deep,
+and the peasantry firmly believe that it contains a vast store of riches,
+which have been thrown into it during the civil wars. A mineral spring
+was discovered here a few years ago. The inhabitants of Chester
+consider it a favourite holiday indulgence to visit this castle in a pleasure
+excursion; and by application to an old woman in the village, who may be
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A favourite
+place of
+resort.</span>
+
+
+considered the female warden of the place, travellers can be conducted to
+the summit of the building. The views from the ramparts are beautiful,
+extending over the whole Vale Royal of Cheshire, to the estuaries of the
+rivers Mersey and Dee: that side of the hill which forms a precipice rises
+perpendicularly 160 feet from the base of the elevation, and upon looking
+down from the high pinnacle of the castle wall, it is sufficient to call to
+remembrance the sublime poetic effusion of our immortal bard:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"How fearful</span><br />
+And dizzy 'tis, to cast ones eyes so low,<br />
+The crows and choughs, that wing the mid-way air,<br />
+Shew scarce as gross as beetles.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"I'll look no more,</span><br />
+Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight,<br />
+Topple down headlong."
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BEETHOM. This mountainous and highly interesting parish is
+situated in the Kendal Ward, at the south-western extremity of the
+county of Westmoreland, on both sides of estuaries of the river Kent,
+which is navigable for small craft as far as the hamlet of Storch, and
+comprises the chapelries of Witherslack, and the townships of Beetham,
+Farleton, Haverbrack, and Methop, with Ulpha. The parish church is
+dedicated to St. Michael, the patron saint of mountainous and hilly
+parishes: it is a neat building, situated in a fine vale, or holm ground,
+commanding the richest variety of wood, water, and rocky scenery. Here
+are two fine old monuments to the memory of Thomas de Beetham and
+his lady, who lived in the reign of Richard III. Here was anciently a
+chapel, dedicated to St. John, and near it, in a garden, a considerable
+number of human bones were dug up; it was situated about forty yards
+from the present school-house. Some few years since a mole cast up an
+amber bead, and with it an oval piece of silver, about the size of a shilling;
+it was perforated through the middle, and on one side was an impression
+of the crucifixion, with the letters J.N.R.J.; on the right of which was a
+crescent, and on the left a rising sun; at the bottom, the Virgin Mary, in
+a weeping attitude: on the reverse, a lamb, with a standard, and St.
+Andrews' cross. The parsonage, or rectory-house, which stood on the
+north-east corner of the churchyard, was formerly called the college of St.
+Mary's. The Hilton family had also a handsome house near this spot,
+which was enlarged and improved by George Hilton, an eccentric squire,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">George Hilton,
+an eccentric
+character.</span>
+
+
+and well known character in this neighbourhood about the commencement
+of the last century. This George Hilton was a Roman Catholic, and
+joined the Scotch rebels in 1715, upon whose defeat he made his escape,
+but was pardoned by the act of grace the year following, and afterwards
+retired to a house which he built at the south end of Beethom Park. Mr.
+Hutton, the historian of this place, says, "that he discovered a diary, in
+an old chest, which was kept by this gentleman, taken by himself every
+night, but which was afterwards lost. 'On Sunday, (says he in one
+place,) I vowed to abstain from three things during the ensuing week
+(Lent), viz. women, eating of flesh, and drinking of wine; but, alas!
+the frailty of good resolutions. I broke them all! Conversed with
+a woman&mdash;was tempted to eat the wing of a fowl&mdash;and got drunk at
+Milnthorp.'" Of this parish the Rev. William Hutton was vicar, who
+wrote a folio book of collections for its history, which he deposited
+in the vestry for the information of posterity, with blank pages to
+be filled up as materials should occur. He was an amiable man, and
+an indefatigable antiquarian. The old manor house, called the Hall of
+Beethom, was a fine old castellated mansion, but now unfortunately in
+ruins. One large apartment in this castle is still called the hall, and according
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Hall.</span>
+
+to the laudable practice of ancient hospitality, was devoted to the
+purpose of entertaining the friends and dependants of the family: and
+hence came the proverb&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"'Tis merry in the hall<br />
+When beards wag all."
+</p>
+
+<p>The remains of a room, formerly used as a chapel, still exist; and the
+ruins of this fine mansion are of considerable extent. The ruins of another
+hall in this parish are also to be seen in Cappleside Demesne,
+consisting of a front and two wings, comprising an extent of 117 feet of
+frontage. Also an ancient tower, now in ruins, called Helslack Tower:
+and another tower, called Arnside Tower; equally neglected. These
+towers seem to have been intended to guard the Bay of Morecambe, as
+similar buildings are erected on the opposite side of the river. A grammar
+school was founded here in 1663, and rebuilt in 1827. It has an endowment
+of about &pound;40. a year, arising out of lands bequeathed for the instruction
+of fifty poor boys.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>57</td><td align='left'>Begelley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='left'>Narbeth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Tenby</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pembroke</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>257</td><td align='right'>996</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Beggars' Bush</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Presteign</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>New Radnor</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Beggars' Bush</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Nettlebed</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Benson</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Beguildy</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>New Radnor</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>171</td><td align='right'>1043</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beigham</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Lamberhurst</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tunb. Wells</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Brenchley</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>38</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Beighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Chesterfield</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Eckington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'>980</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Beighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Acle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Loddon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>262</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Beighton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Woolpit</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stow Market</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>71</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beilby</td><td align='right'>to &amp; chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Pocklington</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>M. Weighton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>192</td><td align='right'>239</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Belaugh</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Norwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Worstead</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Coltishall</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>151</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Belbank</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>321</td><td align='right'>485</td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Belbank</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>318</td><td align='right'>127</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Belbroughton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Stourbridge</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Kidderminst</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>1489</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Belby</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'>44</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Belchalwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Sturminster</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Belchamp Oten</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Headingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Sudbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Clare</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>397</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Belchamp, St. Pauls</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>808</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Belchamp Wallers[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>670</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belchford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Spilsby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>490</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Belford[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Berwich</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>322</td><td align='right'>2030</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Belgh</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Worksop</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Ollerton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Mansfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>143</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Belgrave</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Loughboro'</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>2329</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bellasis</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bellasize</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Howden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>South Cave</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blacktoft</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>185</td><td align='right'>189</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bell Bar</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Barnet</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belleau[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Alford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Saltfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>144</td><td align='right'>107</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BELCHAMP, or Belchamp Wallers, in the hundred of Hinckford,
+lies north-east by north from Castle Headingham. The church, dedicated
+to the Virgin Mary, is lofty and neat, and contains an orchestra,
+with a fine toned organ. Here is a capacious vault which belongs to the
+Raymond family; and an elegant marble monument dedicated to them in
+the chancel. Mrs. Raymond has established in this village a Sunday
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Belchamp
+Hall.</span>
+
+
+school for fifty children belonging to the poor. Belchamp Hall, in this
+parish, is the residence of the Raymond's, one of whose ancestors came
+into England with the Conqueror, and whose family have resided in this
+neighbourhood upwards of two centuries. The house is a substantial and
+commodious building, whose principal or south-eastern front is for the
+most part composed of foreign bricks. It is situated on a pleasant lawn,
+sloping gradually to a small river, within 200 yards of the front. A spacious
+and extensive terrace, skirted with lofty trees, at the end of which is
+an ancient building, ornamented with painted glass, lies to the south. At
+the other end is a lofty mount, with another ornamental building on its
+summit. This mansion contains an interesting collection of pictures by
+some of the most esteemed masters; among them are the following:&mdash;The
+Wise Men's Offering, an altar-piece; Albert Durer. This picture,
+with a large gun, some pistols, and powder flasks, inlaid with gold and
+ivory, were presented to the Raymonds, by Sir William Harris, a sea-officer,
+who took them, with other property, on the defeat of the Spanish
+Armada, in 1588. A three-quarter portrait of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart.,
+in whose public spirit the New river originated, and another of his wife,
+are both by Cornelius Jansen. Goldingham Hall, in the parish of
+Bulmer, adjoining Belchamp, was the residence of Sir Hugh.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BELFORD is a little market town pleasantly situated on the side of a
+hill about two miles from the river Lear, and being a post-town, and on
+the great north road, has several good inns. The buildings in general are
+neat, and the church is a handsome structure, erected in 1700. Near this
+place on a rising ground, are the ruins of an ancient chapel, surrounded
+by several tall oaks; and at a little distance, are the remains of a Danish
+camp, apparently of great strength, surrounded by a deep ditch. The
+annual races formerly run at Beadnall, now take place at this town.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Tuesday before Whit-Sunday, and August 23, for black cattle,
+sheep, and horses. The Edinburgh Mail arrives 7.49 morning; departs 3.36 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+Blue Bell.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[C] BELLEAU. At this place, which takes it name from the excellent
+springs that issue from the chalk hills in the neighbourhood, are the ruins
+of what is called the Abbey. These consist of part of a turret, and two
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Abbey
+Ruins.</span>
+
+
+gateways, which convey an idea of its being a place of considerable importance.
+The walls are covered with ivy, and overhung with lofty ash
+trees. After the civil war, this place was granted to the eccentric Sir
+Harry Vane, who used to amuse himself on Sundays in assembling here
+his country neighbours, to whom he addressed his pious discourses.
+The church of Belleau is said, by Gough, to have been attached to the
+neighbouring monastery of Ailby; but neither Tanner nor the Monasticon
+mention such a religious house.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bellerby</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>Leyburn</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Richmond</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Middleham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>236</td><td align='right'>417</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bellingham[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Wark</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>294</td><td align='right'>1460</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bellister</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Aldstone M.</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>281</td><td align='right'>120</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bell-on-the-Hill</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Chesire</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Malpas</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Belmsthorpe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Stamford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ryball</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Essendine</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Belper[B]</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Ashbourn</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>134</td><td align='right'>7890</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Belsey</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>289</td><td align='right'>334</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Belswains</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>H. Hempsted </td><td align='right'>2 </td><td align='left'>Watford </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='left'>Ivinghoe </td><td align='right'>12 </td><td align='right'> 22</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Belstead</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hadleigh</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>248</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Belstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Oakhampton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Exeter</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bow</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>194</td><td align='right'>206</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Beltoft</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Burton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Crowle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Asbhy</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kegworth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Loughboro</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>735</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BELLINGHAM, lies N. N W. from Hexham. It gave name to an
+ancient family, who were seated here in 1378. Some ruins of their castle
+still remain. The chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is roofed with stone
+arches in rib-work: there are many gravestones in its floor, sculptured
+with swords, and other warlike emblems. Nearly opposite, on the south
+side of the North Tyne, is Heslieside, the seat of the Charlton family,
+since the time of Edward the Sixth. The old mansion-house, built after
+the manner of Lowther Hall, in Westmoreland, was burnt down about
+eighty years ago, and then rebuilt. The present edifice stands on a gentle
+eminence: the grounds are well wooded, and diversified with fine sheep-walks;
+and the gardens and fruit walls are very productive. Five miles
+above this place is Falstone chapel; and about seven miles further up is
+Keelder Castle, formerly the residence of a famous border chieftain, but
+at present a shooting-box of the Duke of Northumberland. The moors
+here are scattered over with cairns, tumuli, and Druidical monuments.
+Of Tarset Hall, about two miles above Heslieside, only some slight remains
+are visible. Of Chipchase Castle, the old tower still remains. Its
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Chipchase
+Castle.</span>
+
+
+roof is built on corbels, and it has openings through which to throw down
+stones or scalding water upon an enemy. The tattered fragments of
+Gothic painting on the walls, are exceedingly curious. Soon after it came
+to the family, (its present owners,) the mansion was thoroughly repaired,
+and much improved; the chapel on the lawn was rebuilt, the gardens
+made, and the grounds covered with extensive plantations. This delightful
+residence is surrounded with scenery of the richest and most enchanting
+kind. The rooms in it are fitted up in a splendid style, and ornamented
+with several excellent paintings. A bridge was erected over the
+Burn at the east end of the town in 1826.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Tuesday.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, Saturday after September 15, for cattle, sheep, linen and woollen
+cloth.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BELPER, or Belpar, anciently Beaupoire, is situated on the banks
+of the Derwent, in the hundred of Appletree. It is a chapelry of Duffield;
+and, though formerly an inconsiderable village, its population now exceeds,
+with the exception of Derby, every other town in the county. The great
+increase of population began from three large cotton mills of Messrs. Strutts,
+the first of which was erected in 1776. Two of them yet remain; but
+the third was destroyed by fire early in the year 1803. The largest of
+these mills is 200 feet long, 300 feet wide, and six stories high: it is considered
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Manufactories.</span>
+
+
+fire proof, as the floor is built on brick arches, and paved with
+brick. The two water-wheels, which are employed in the machinery in
+this building, are remarkable for magnitude and singularity of construction;
+one of them being 40 feet long, and 18 in diameter; and the other
+48 feet long, and 12 feet in diameter. As timber could not be procured
+large enough to form the axles of these wheels in the common manner,
+they are constructed circularly and hollow, of a number of pieces, and
+hooped in the manner of a cask. One of the shafts is six feet in diameter,
+and the other nine. The shuttles are constructed in one piece, so as to
+support the lateral pressure of the water, although it is ten feet deep, by
+resting one upon another. This is different from the usual mode of construction,
+in which they are supported by large perpendicular beams at
+every six or seven feet, in order to sustain this lateral pressure. About
+twelve or thirteen hundred people are employed at these mills; and the
+proprietors have built many houses, and a chapel, for their accommodation.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cotton
+Mills.</span>
+
+
+Near the mills a stone bridge of three arches has been erected
+across the Derwent, at the expence of the county, the former one having
+been washed down by a dreadful flood, in 1795. At a short distance,
+lower down the river, is a bleaching mill, belonging to the same proprietors;
+an iron forge, and two cotton mills; one of them constructed like
+that before described. A stone bridge was also erected here by these
+gentlemen in 1792. These mills afford regular employment to about 600
+persons. A Sunday school has been established here, and another at
+Belper, for the instruction of the children employed at the cotton works.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 1.30 afternoon; departs 8.45 morning.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leadenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'>160</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Gainsboro'</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Epworth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Crowle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>162</td><td align='right'>1597</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>32</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Rutland</td><td align='left'>Uppingham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Oakham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Rockingham</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>92</td><td align='right'>400</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Belton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Beccles</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Belvoir[B]</td><td align='right'>ex pa. lib</td><td align='left'>Leicester</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Colterswrth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bempton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Flamborough</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hunmanby</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>210</td><td align='right'>287</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BELTON. The church is a small ancient structure. The tower
+appears to have been rebuilt in the year 1637, and at a subsequent period,
+the chancel has been renewed. The church is extremely neat, and has
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Belton
+House.</span>
+
+
+in the south window six pieces of stained glass, illustrative of scriptural
+subjects. Within the nave are several splendid monuments. Belton
+House, near Grantham, the residence of Earl Brownlow, is situated on a
+beautiful lawn, in a wooded valley, through which the river Witham winds
+its course. The mansion was built in the year 1689, from designs by Sir
+Christopher Wren. The form of the building is that of the letter H, a
+stile of architecture peculiar to that period. It is of stone, and presents
+four uniform elevations. The apartments are lofty, and well proportioned.
+Several of the rooms are highly ornamented with carving by Gibbons.
+The late Lord Brownlow made considerable improvements in the mansion.
+He took down the cupola and balustrade from the roof. The drawing
+room was considerably enlarged, and a new entrance at the south front
+made. Here are many pictures by celebrated masters of the Flemish and
+Italian schools, with numerous family portraits by Lely, Reynolds, Kneller,
+Romney and others. Among the latter we may remark a portrait of
+Sir John Cust, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, in his robes, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds. William III. in his progress through the northern
+counties, honoured Belton House with his presence. The park comprises
+an area of five miles in circumference, inclosed by a wall; numerous
+plantations of fine trees are highly ornamental to the place. Sir
+John Brownlow, K.B. afterwards Viscount Tyrconnel, enriched the library
+with a valuable collection of books; he also formed some extensive gardens,
+which have since been more adapted to the modern taste in gardening.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BELVOIR. The Castle is one of the most magnificent structures in
+the kingdom. It is placed on an abrupt elevation of a kind of natural
+cliff, forming the termination of a peninsular hill. It has been the seat of
+Manners, Dukes of Rutland, for several generations, and claims the priority
+of every other building in the county in which it is situated. Belvoir
+has been the site of a Castle ever since the Norman conquest; and its
+possessors have been chiefly persons of eminence who have figured in the
+pages of history. The view from the terraces and towers comprehends
+the whole vale of Belvoir and the adjoining country as far as Lincoln,
+including twenty-two of the Duke of Rutland's manors. On the southern
+slope of the hill are enclosed-terraces, on which there are several flower-gardens,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Castle.</span>
+
+
+surrounded by shrubberies. The park is of great extent, containing
+fine forest trees, which form a woodland beneath the hill so extensive
+as to afford shelter for innumerable rooks. Its interior and furniture
+is of the most superb and costly description; it also contains one
+of the most valuable collections of paintings in this country, whether considered
+for the variety of the schools, or the works of each master. A
+conflagration took place in the year 1816, which consumed a great portion
+of the ancient part of the castle, and several of the pictures. A curious
+anecdote is related, illustrative of the folly and superstition of ancient
+times, which may not be uninteresting to add. Joan Flower and her two;
+daughters who were servants at Belvoir Castle, having been dismissed the
+family, in revenge made use of all the enchantments, spells, and charms
+that were at that time supposed to answer their malicious purposes.
+Henry the eldest son died soon after their dismissal, but no suspicion of
+witchcraft arose till five years after, when the three women who are said
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Charge of
+witchcraft.</span>
+
+
+to have entered into a formal contract with the devil, were accused of
+"murdering Lord Henry Ross by witchcraft and torturing the Lord
+Francis his brother and Lady Catherine his sister." After various examinations
+they were committed to Lincoln gaol. The mother died at
+Ancaster, on her way thither, having wished the bread and butter she ate
+might choak her if she was guilty. The daughters were tried before Sir
+Henry Hobbert, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Sir Edward
+Bromley, one of the Barons of the Exchequer; they confessed their guilt
+and were executed at Lincoln, March 11, 1618.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Bemerton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Benacre</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Yarmouth</td><td align='right'>17</td><td align='left'>Lowestoft</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Blythburg</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>108</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Benridge</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ruthbury</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>57</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>28</td><td align='left'>Benefield[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northamton</td><td align='left'>Oundle</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Weldon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Corby</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>519</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEMERTON, a parish in the hundred of Branch and Dole. The
+rectory of this place is interesting, as having been the residence of no less
+than four celebrated characters, viz. Dr. Walter Curie, Bishop of Bath
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Celebrated
+men.</span>
+
+
+and Wells, and afterwards of Winchester, who died in 1647; George
+Herbert, called the divine, who died in 1635; John Norris, a metaphysical
+writer, who died in 1711; and, lastly, Mr. Archdeacon Coxe, the traveller
+and historian, who died in 1828: all of them gentlemen highly distinguished
+in the annals of literature.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BENEFIELD. In this parish are some remarkable cavities, called
+Swallows, which have opened a wide field of speculation among philosophers,
+who have grounded, upon the singular phenomena they exhibit,
+some new systems with regard to the theory of the earth. These swallows
+are situated about a furlong west of the village, and are nine in number.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Geological
+curiosities.</span>
+
+
+Through these cavities, the land-flood waters constantly pass and disappear.
+They are of a circular form, and of various diameters; some
+having an oblique, and others a perpendicular descent, opening beneath
+the apertures into large spaces, which exhibit several smaller conduits,
+through which the waters pass, to join perhaps, some subterranean river,
+or mingle with the grand abyss of waters, which some philosophers have
+placed in the centre of the earth.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bengers</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Bucks</td><td align='left'>Colnbrook</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Uxbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Slough</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Beneden[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Cranbrook</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Tenterden</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Rolvenden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>51</td><td align='right'>1663</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Benfield-Side</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='left'>Durham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Wolsingham</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>543</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Benfleet, North</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Rayleigh</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Billericay</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Southend</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>300</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Benfleet, South[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>32</td><td align='right'>533</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bengeo</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Ware</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>855</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bengrove</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Evesbam</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>101</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bengworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Worchester</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Broadway</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'>850</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Benhall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Saxmundham</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Frainlingh</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Woodbridge</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>89</td><td align='right'>668</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Benham</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Newbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Hungerford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Kinbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>59</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Benham-Hoe</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Benningborough</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>N.R. York</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Boro'bridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Wetherby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>204</td><td align='right'>93</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Benningholme</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverly</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>103</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Bennington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='left'>Stevenage</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Buntingford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Watton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>29</td><td align='right'>631</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bennington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Boston</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wainfleet</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Burgh</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>500</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Bennington-Long[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Grantham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Leadenham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>982</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BENENDEN, or Biddenden, three miles south east from Cranbrook,
+is at present populous, though the clothing manufacture, which first occasioned
+the increase of the population of this part of the county, in the
+reign of Edward the Third, has for many years failed here. Several good
+houses still remaining, discover the prosperity of the former inhabitants.
+The church is a handsome regular building, and its tower a structure of
+considerable height and strength. By the old part now remaining, it
+appears to have been originally but small. The interior contains several
+ancient brasses, and among them, one for the Goldwells of Great Chart;
+with the dates 1452, and 1499, in Arabic numerals: the rebus of this
+name, a golden fountain, or well, is also in one of the windows. A free
+grammar school, now degenerated into a complete sinecure, was founded
+here in the year 1522. There is a tradition in this parish, that a bequest
+for the use of the poor, of 20 acres of land, now called the Bread and
+Cheese land, lying in five pieces, was given by two maiden sisters, commonly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Biddenden
+maids.</span>
+
+
+called the "Biddenden Maids," of the name of Chulkhurst, "who
+were born joined together by the hips and shoulders, in the year 1100;"
+and having lived in that state thirty-four years, died within about six
+hours of each other. This tale is affected to be established by the correspondent
+figures of two females impressed on cakes, which after Divine
+service, in the afternoon, on every Easter Sunday, are distributed to all
+comers, and not unfrequently to the number from 800 to 1000. At the same
+time, about 270 loaves, weighing three pounds and a half each, and cheese
+in proportion, are given to the poor parishioners; the whole expence
+being defrayed from the rental of the bequeathed lands. The marvellous
+part of the story however, was wholly discredited by the well informed,
+until the visit of the Siamese twins to this country revived it with some
+appearance of truth.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BENFLEET lies south-west by south from Rayleigh. Here was a
+castle, built by Hastings, the celebrated Danish pirate, and which building
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A pirate's
+castle.</span>
+
+
+Matthew of Westminster described, as having deep and wide ditches.
+This fortress Alfred the Great took and destroyed in the year 890; Hasting's
+wife and two sons taken therein, were sent to London. The creeks
+entering the Thames round Benfleet are celebrated for their oysters.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BENNINGTON, called Belintone in the Domesday Book, was a seat
+of the Mercian kings; and here a great council of nobility and prelates
+was assembled about the year 850, under King Bertulph, who on the complaint
+of Askill, a monk of Croyland, of the great devastations committed
+on the property of that monastery by the Danes, granted the monks a new
+charter of divers "splendid liberties," and several extensive manors. In
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+charters.</span>
+
+
+the 33d of Edward I. a charter of a weekly market, and a fair annually,
+was granted for this manor; but the former has long fallen into disuse!
+The manor was long in possession of the Bourchiers, Earls of Essex.
+Robert, the third Earl, after his divorce from the infamous Lady Francis
+Howard, his first wife, in 1613, sold it to Sir Julius C&aelig;sar, Knt., from
+whom it descended to his son and heir, Sir Charles C&aelig;sar. This gentleman
+was appointed Master of the Rolls in 1638; and, after being twice
+married, and having fifteen children by both wives, died of the small-pox,
+at Bennington, in 1643: this disease proved fatal also to several of his
+issue, and among them, to Julius, his eldest surviving son, who dying
+within a few days, was buried in the same grave with his father. Henry,
+his next son, and heir, represented this county in the two first parliaments
+held in the reign of Charles II.; and he was knighted by that
+sovereign in 1660: he also died of the small-pox, in January 1667.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The small-pox
+fatal to
+Cheshires.</span>
+
+
+This manor was sold to the trustees under the will of Sir John Cheshire,
+Knt. His great nephew, John Cheshire, Esq., resided in a small mansion
+near the ancient castle at Bennington, which stood westward from the
+church, and most probably occupied the spot whereon stood the palace of
+the Saxon Kings. The artificial mount of the keep, with the surrounding
+ditch, are still to be seen. The old manor-house that had been inhabited
+by the C&aelig;sars, stood in the park, at a small distance from the village, but
+was burnt down about fifty years ago. A small edifice, since erected on
+the site, was for some years occupied by Mr. Bullock. Bennington church
+is a small fabric, consisting of a nave and a chancel, with a tower at the
+west end, and a chapel or burial-place connected with the chancel on the
+north. Here are two ancient monuments, under arches, which form
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Their monuments.</span>
+
+
+part of them, each exhibiting recumbent figures of a knight and a lady.
+Many of the C&aelig;sars lie buried here. The Benstede family, sometime
+lords of the manor, are supposed to have built this church, as their arms
+are displayed both upon the roof and on the tower. In a niche over the
+south porch, St. Michael and the dragon are sculptured.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Benningworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='left'>Wragby</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Horncastle</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Louth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>145</td><td align='right'>373</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bewridge</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rothbury</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>53</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bensinton[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Nettlebed</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>46</td><td align='right'>1266</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bentfield</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Stanstead</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>B. Stortford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>505</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Benthall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Madeley</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>150</td><td align='right'>525</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bentham</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cheltenham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Painswick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>104</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bentham</td><td align='right'>pa &amp; to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Settle</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Ingleton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>247</td><td align='right'>3957</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Farnham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Odiham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>42</td><td align='right'>728</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>to &amp; lib</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Walsall</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>S. Coldfield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Lichfield</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>120</td><td align='right'>99</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>69</td><td align='right'>363</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Atherstone</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Coleshill</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bentley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Doncaster</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Arksey</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Thorne</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>1144</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Fenny</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wirksworth</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>308</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Great</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>978</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Hungry</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='left'>Ashborne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Derby</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Uttoxeter</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>136</td><td align='right'>92</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bentley, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Harwich</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>438</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bentley,</td><td align='right'>Up. &amp; L.ham</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Redditch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Benton, Little</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>N. Shields</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Blyth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Benton, Long[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>278</td><td align='right'>5547</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BENSINGTON was an ancient British town, taken from the original
+inhabitants by Ceaulin, in the year 572. The west Saxons held the place
+for two centuries, and appear to have constructed a castle for its defence;
+but it was reduced by Offa, king of the Mercians, who defeated his rival
+in a sanguinary contest. To the west of the church are a quadrangular
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A Mercian
+King.</span>
+
+
+bank and trench. Three sides of the embankment are much defaced.
+Plot mentions an "angle of King Offa's palace near the church;" by
+which he probably alludes to the same spot. In this village are several
+modern buildings. The church, which is gothic, has been built at different
+times. In the brick flooring of the nave are some ancient stones, with
+mutilated brasses. Here is a Sunday-school supported by subscription;
+and a meeting-house for methodists.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>[B] LONG BENTON. A dreadful calamity occurred at Heaton Colliery,
+in this neighbourhood, on the morning of May 3, 1815, when, by
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dreadful
+accident.</span>
+
+
+the sudden influx of water from an old mine, Mr. Miller, (the under-viewer,
+who left a wife and eight children), 22 workmen, 42 boys, and
+37 horses, perished; and 25 widows, with about 80 children, were left to
+bemoan the sudden death of their husbands and fathers. Steam-engines
+were immediately employed, and every exertion was made for the recovery
+of the bodies; notwithstanding which, it was not till the 6th of January,
+in the following year, that the first body was found. It was that of
+an old man employed on the waggon-way: and a fact worthy of notice is,
+that the waste-water in which he had been immersed had destroyed the
+woollen clothes, and corroded the iron parts of a knife the deceased had
+in his pocket, yet his linen and the bone-haft of his knife remained entire.
+Shortly after, Mr. Miller, and a few others, were discovered: they had met
+a similar fate, having been overtaken by the water about a hundred yards
+from the shaft to which they had been hastening to save themselves. But
+the lot of these eight persons may be considered fortunate, when compared
+with the unhappy beings left at work towards the rise of the mine, and as
+yet unconscious of their dreadful situation. About the 16th of February,
+the higher parts of the workings were explored; and now a scene truly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Fifty-six
+lives lost in
+a mine.</span>
+
+
+horrible was presented to view: for here lay the corpses of 56 human
+beings, whom the water had never reached, being situated 35 fathoms
+above its level. They had collected together near the crane, and were
+found within a space of 30 yards of each other; their positions and attitudes
+were various; several appeared to have fallen forwards from off an
+inequality, or rather step, in the coal on which they had been sitting;
+others, from their hands being clasped together, seemed to have expired
+while addressing themselves to the protection of the Deity; two, who
+were recognized as brothers, had died in the act of taking a last farewell
+by grasping each other's hand: and one poor boy reposed in his father's
+arms. Two slight cabins had been hastily constructed by nailing up deal
+boards, and in one of these melancholy habitations three of the stoutest
+miners had breathed their last. A large lump of horse flesh, wrapped up
+in a jacket, nearly two pounds of candles, and three others, which had
+died out when half-burned, were found in this apartment, if it can be so
+called. One man, well known to have possessed a remarkably pacific
+disposition, had retired to a distance to end his days alone, and in quiet.
+Another had been placed to watch the rise or fall of the water; to ascertain
+which, sticks had been placed, and was found dead at his post.
+There were two horses in the part of the mine to which the people had
+retired; one had been slaughtered, its entrails taken out, and hind quarters
+cut up for use; the other was fastened to a stake, which it had
+almost gnawed to pieces, as well as a corfe or coal basket that had been
+left within its reach. That these ill-fated people perished for want of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Cause of
+their death.</span>
+
+
+respirable air, and not from hunger and thirst, is certain; for most of
+the flesh cut from the horse, with a considerable quantity of horse-beans,
+were unconsumed, and a spring of good water issued into this part of the
+colliery; besides, the unburned remains of candles afford evidence of a
+still stronger nature; and by these data the coroner's jury was enabled to
+pronounce a verdict accordingly. The overman had left the chalk-board,
+in which it is usual to take down an account of the work done, together
+with his pocket-book, in an empty corfe; on these some memorandum
+might have been expected to be noted: but no writing subsequent to the
+catastrophe appeared on either.&mdash;The bodies of those men which had lain
+in wet places were much decayed; but where the floor was dry, though
+their flesh had become much shrivelled, they were all easily recognised
+by their features being entire.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>45</td><td align='left'>Bents-Green</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Sheffield</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bakewell</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Castleton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>163</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bentworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Alton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Alresford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Basingstoke</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>592</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Benville</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Beaminster</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Crewkherne</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Yeovil</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>130</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>23</td><td align='left'>Benwell</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Hexham</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='right'>276</td><td align='right'>1278</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Benwick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>Cambridge</td><td align='left'>March</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Chatteris</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Peterborough</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>81</td><td align='right'>526</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Beoley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Bromsgrove</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Redditch</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Birmingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>112</td><td align='right'>673</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Bepton</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Midhurst</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Petersield</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>53</td><td align='right'>166</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Berdin</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Stanstead</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Saff. Walden</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bis. Stortford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>36</td><td align='right'>342</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Berdwick</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Bristol</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Marshfield</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Sodbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bere-Church</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Coggeshall</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Aberton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>52</td><td align='right'>142</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bere</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Blandford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Sturminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Bere-Lay</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Hants</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Niton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Shanklin</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>...</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Bergholt, East</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Suffolk</td><td align='left'>Hadleigh</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ipswich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Manningtree</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>1360</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Bergholt, West</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Essex</td><td align='left'>Colchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Witham</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Halstead</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>786</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Berkeley[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Dursley </td><td align='right'>6 </td><td align='left'>Chepstow </td><td align='right'>13 </td><td align='left'>Thornbury </td><td align='right'>7 </td><td align='right'>114 </td><td align='right'> 3899</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Berkeley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Frome</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Bath</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Warminster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>103</td><td align='right'>531</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BERKELEY. This ancient, but small town, is situated upon a pleasant
+eminence in the beautiful vale of Berkeley, almost east from the
+Severn. In the Domesday book, it is termed a royal domain and free
+borough. A nunnery is said to have existed here in the reign of Edward
+the Confessor; the frail sisters of which were dispossessed of their estates,
+including the manor, by the craft of Earl Godwin, who found means to
+introduce into the community a profligate young man, by whom the nuns
+were seduced. This conduct being reported to the King, the nunnery was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The nunnery.</span>
+
+
+dissolved, and its possessions granted to the Earl. The Conqueror afterwards
+bestowed the manor on Roger, surnamed De Berkeley, a chieftain
+who had accompanied him to England. Roger, his grandson, taking part
+with Stephen, against Henry II., was deprived of his lands; and Berkeley
+was given by that monarch to Robert Fitzharding, Governor of Bristol,
+in reward for his eminent services. This nobleman was descended from
+the Kings of Denmark, and in his posterity the extensive manor of
+Berkeley, one of the largest in England, is still vested. Berkeley church
+appears to be of the age of Henry II., though it has undergone various
+alterations. Near the pulpit is a curious tomb, in memory of Thomas,
+second Lord Berkeley, and Margaret, his first wife. Here also are various
+other monuments of this family. The tower, which stands at some distance
+from the church, was constructed about seventy years ago. In the
+churchyard is the well known ludicrous epitaph, written by Dean Swift,
+in memory of "Dickey Pearce, the Earl of Suffolk's fool." Berkeley
+Castle appears to have been founded by Roger de Berkeley, soon after the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The castle.</span>
+
+
+Conquest; but various important additions were made to it during the
+reigns of Henry II., Edward II., and Edward III. The form of the
+castle approaches nearest to that of a circle; and the buildings are included
+by an irregular court, with a moat. The keep is flanked by three
+semi-circular towers, and a square one of subsequent construction: its
+walls are high and massive: the entrance into it is under an arched doorway,
+with ornamental sculpture in the Norman style, similar to one at
+Arundel Castle. This fortress has been the scene of various memorable
+transactions; the most remarkable, perhaps, was that of the murder of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Murder of
+Edward II.</span>
+
+
+Edward II., in September, 1327, thus noticed by Gray:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Mark the year, and mark the night,<br />
+When Severn shall re-echo with affright,<br />
+The shrieks of death through Berkeley's roofs that ring;<br />
+Shrieks of an agonising King!"
+</p>
+
+<p>Tradition states, that when the murder of King Edward had been determined
+on, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, at the instigation of the Queen,
+wrote to the keeper the following words; which, not possessing the distinctness
+imported by punctuation, were capable of a double construction:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+"Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est."<br />
+Edward the King kill not to fear is good.
+</p>
+
+<p>The keeper, easily divining the wicked wishes of his employer, put his
+royal master to death. According to another account, when the death of
+this unfortunate, but weak sovereign, had been resolved on by the Queen
+and Mortimer, her infamous paramour, he was removed from Kenelworth
+to Berkeley Castle, by Sir John Maltravers and Sir Thomas Gourney, to
+whose keeping he had been previously committed. Thomas, second Lord
+Berkeley, then owner of the castle, treated him with civility and kindness,
+but was, in a short time, obliged to relinquish his fortress to the government
+of Maltravers and Gourney, by whom the King was soon afterwards
+murdered, in the most brutal and savage manner. "His crie," says Holinshed,
+"did move many within the castell and town of Birckelei to compassion,
+plainly hearing him utter a waileful noyse, as the tormentors
+were about to murder him; so that dyvers being awakened thereby, (as
+they themselves confessed,) prayed heartilie to God to receyve his soule,
+when they understode by his crie what the matter ment." A small apartment,
+called the dungeon room, over the flight of steps leading into the
+keep, is shewn as the place where the cruel deed was committed: at that
+time, all the light it received was from arrow slits; the windows have
+been since introduced. A plaister cast kept here, and said to have been
+moulded from the King's face after death, is, in reality, a cast from his
+effigies on the tomb at Gloucester. Berkeley Castle, during the civil wars,
+was held for the King; and frequent skirmishes took place in the town
+and neighbourhood. In 1645 it was besieged, and surrendered to the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Besieged by
+the Parliament.</span>
+
+
+parliament, after a defence of nine days. In the apartments, which are
+mostly low, dark, and void of proportion, are preserved a numerous assemblage
+of portraits, chiefly of the Stratton branch, the bequest of the
+last heir of that family. Besides these portraits, here are several miniatures
+of the Berkeleys, of considerable antiquity, and so far curious. A
+few landscapes, by Wouvermans, Claude, Salvator Rosa, &amp;c. complete the
+Berkeley collection. Edward Jenner, an English physician, celebrated for
+having introduced the practice of vaccination, as a preventive of the small-pox,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Edward
+Jenner.</span>
+
+
+was the youngest son of a clergyman, who held the rectory of Rochampton,
+and the vicarage of this place, and the son was born here, May
+17, 1749. Being destined for the medical profession, he was, after a
+common school education, placed as an apprentice with a very respectable
+surgeon, at Sodbury, in his native country. He visited London, to finish
+his studies, by attending the lectures of the celebrated anatomist John
+Hunter. Returning to the country, he settled here, as a practitioner of
+the various branches of his profession. A situation like this afforded but
+little leisure or opportunity for acquiring distinction, and an occasion presented
+itself for obtaining a larger field for observation, improvement, and
+emolument: this, however, he was induced to decline. The circumstances
+of the transaction are thus related by Dr. Lettsom, in his address to the
+London Medical Society:&mdash;"Dr. Jenner happened to dine with a large
+party at Bath, when something was introduced at the table which required
+to be warmed by the application of the candle, and doubts were
+expressed by several persons present, whether the most speedy way would
+be to keep the flame at a little distance under, or to immerse the substance
+into it. Jenner desired that the candle might be placed near him, and
+immediately putting his finger into the flame, suffered it to remain some
+time; next he put his finger above it, but he was obliged to snatch it
+away immediately. 'This, gentlemen,' said he, 'is a sufficient test.'
+The next day he received a note from General Smith, who had been of the
+party the preceding day, and who was before that time an utter stranger,
+offering him an appointment in India, which would insure him, in the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Anecdote.</span>
+
+
+course of two or three years, an annual income &pound;3,000. The offer was
+referred to his brother, and Jenner, from his attachment to him, declined
+it." He had already obtained the reputation of a man of talent and
+science, when he made known to the world the very important discovery
+which has raised him to an enviable situation among the benefactors of
+the human race. His investigations concerning the cow-pox were commenced
+about the year 1776, when his attention was excited by the circumstance
+of finding that some individuals, to whom he attempted to
+communicate the small-pox by inoculation, were insusceptible of the disease;
+and on inquiry he found that all such patients, though they had
+never had the small-pox, had undergone the casual cow-pox, a disease
+common among the farmers and dairy-servants in Gloucestershire, who
+were not quite unacquainted with its preventive effect. Other medical
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Discovery of
+vaccination
+by the cow-pox.</span>
+
+
+men were aware of the prevalence of this opinion; but they treated it as
+a popular prejudice, and Jenner seems to have been the first who ascertained
+its correctness, and endeavoured to derive from it some practical
+advantage. He discovered that the variol&aelig; vaccin&aelig;, as the complaint has
+been since termed, having, in the first-instance, been produced by accidental
+or designed innoculation of the matter afforded by a peculiar
+disease affecting the udder of a cow, could be propagated from one human
+subject to another by inoculation, to an indefinite extent, rendering all
+who passed through it secure from the small-pox. He made known his
+discovery to some medical friends, and in the month of July, 1796, Mr.
+Cline, surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, introduced vaccination into the
+metropolis. So singular and anomalous a fact as the prevention of an infectious
+disease by means of another, in many respects extremely differing
+from it, could not but be received with hesitation; and a warm controversy
+took place on the subject among the medical faculty. This ultimately
+proved advantageous both to the discovery and the discoverer, as it terminated
+in establishing the truth of the most important positions which
+he had advanced, and left him in full possession of the merit due to him
+as a successful investigator of the laws of nature. The practice of vaccine
+inoculation was adopted in the army and navy, and honours and rewards
+were conferred on the author of the discovery. The diploma constituting
+him doctor of medicine, was presented to Jenner as a tribute to his talents,
+by the University of Oxford; he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Jenner's
+subsequent
+fame.</span>
+
+
+and of other learned associations; and a parliamentary grant was made to
+him of the sum of &pound;20,000. The extension of the benefits of vaccination
+to foreign countries spread the fame of the discoverer, who received
+several congratulatory addresses from continental potentates. The emperor
+of Russia, when in this country in 1814, sought an interview with
+Dr. Jenner, treated him with great attention, and offered to bestow on him
+a Russian order of nobility. He also visited the King of Prussia, Marshal
+Blucher, and the Cossack General, Count Platoff, the latter of whom said
+to him, "Sir, you have extinguished the most pestilential disorder that
+ever appeared on the banks of the Don." On receiving his diploma, Dr.
+Jenner practised as a physician at Cheltenham, during the season, and
+that watering-place was his principal residence till he became a widower,
+when he removed to Berkeley, to spend in retirement the evening of his
+life. He died suddenly in consequence of apoplexy, January 26, 1823,
+and was interred in the parish church of this town.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Wednesday.&mdash;<i>Fair</i>, May 14, for cattle and pigs.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Berkhampstead, Gr.[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Watford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Tring</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dunstable</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>2369</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Berkhampstead, Little</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Herts</td><td align='left'>Hertford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hatfield</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hoddesdon</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>19</td><td align='right'>450</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Berkeswell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Coventry</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Meriden</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>1450</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BERKHAMPSTEAD. "The Saxons, in old time," observes Norden,
+"called this town Berghamstedt, because it was seated among the hills;
+for Berg signified a hill; ham, a town; and stedt, a seat; all of which
+was very proper for the situation hereof." The buildings are chiefly of
+brick, and irregular, but intersected with various handsome houses. Berkhampstead
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Description.</span>
+
+
+consists of one principal street, about half a mile in length, extending
+along the side of the high road; and another smaller one branching
+out from the church towards the site of the castle. The Grand
+Junction Canal runs the whole length of the town, and very close to it,
+which makes it a place of considerable trade. Many respectable and genteel
+families reside here, and hold their monthly balls at the King's Arms
+Inn, during the winter. The King of Mercia had a palace or castle here;
+and the town had attained sufficient importance at the time of the Conquest,
+to be appointed as the place of meeting between the Norman
+sovereign, and the chiefs of the confederacy formed against his power, and
+headed by Abbot Fretheric, of St. Alban's. "In the brough," says the
+Domesday Book, "are two and fifty burgesses, who pay four pounds a
+year for toll; and they have half a hide, and two shillings rent, common
+of pasture for the cattle, wood to feed a thousand hogs, and five shillings
+rent by the year. Its whole value is sixteen pounds. The castle erected
+by the Saxons was enlarged, strengthened, and fortified with additional
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Its ancient
+castle.</span>
+
+
+outworks, by the Earl of Mortaigne; but in the time of his son and successor,
+William, who had rebelled against Henry I., it was seized, and
+ordered to be razed to the ground." It is probable, however, that the
+demolition was only partial, as it was again fitted up as a royal residence,
+either in the time of Stephen, or early in the reign of Henry II. The
+castle and honour of Berkhampstead continued in the possession of the
+crown till the seventh of King John, who granted them to the Earl of
+Essex, for &pound;100. per annum. In the year 1216 the castle, which had been
+reverted to the crown, was besieged by Lewis, Dauphin of France, in
+conjunction with certain English barons. The garrison, taking advantage
+of the negligence of the besiegers, made two successful sallies on the same
+day, capturing divers chariots, arms, and provisions; but, after a siege of
+some continuance, they surrendered. Henry III. granted the Earldom of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The seat of
+Kings and
+Nobles.</span>
+
+
+Cornwall, with the honour and castle of Berkhampstead, to Richard, his
+brother, for his services at the siege of the castle of Riole, in France; but,
+disagreeing with him, he revoked the grant. The interposition of the
+Earls of Pembroke and Chester occasioned its restoration to the Earl of
+Cornwall. In 1245, the King granted him an annual fair, of eight days'
+continuance, for his manor of Berkhampstead; and here, after a long illness,
+he died on the 4th of April, 1272. Edmund, his only surviving son,
+succeeded to his estates and titles; and in his time there were twelve
+burgesses within the borough, with fifty-two free tenants, and twenty-two
+tenants by serjeancy. This Earl founded the college of Bon-Hommes,
+at Ashridge, in Buckinghamshire. In the fourth of Edward III., John of
+Eltham, brother to the King, had a grant of Berkhampstead, with other
+manors, to the value of 2,000 marks per annum: but, dying without
+issue, in 1336, his estates were granted by the King, to Edward the Black
+Prince, with the Dukedom of Cornwall, to be held by him and his heirs,
+and the eldest sons of the heirs of the King's of England. Richard II.
+occasionally resided at Berkhampstead castle. Since that period, the castle
+and honour of Berkhampstead have descended from the crown, to the successive
+Princes of Wales, as heirs apparent to the throne, and possessors
+of the Dukedom of Cornwall, under the grant of Edward III. The castle
+was situated on the east side of the town; and, though the buildings are
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Now in
+ruins.</span>
+
+
+now reduced to a few massive fragments of wall, the remains are still
+sufficient to evince the ancient strength and importance of this fortress.
+The ramparts are very bold, and the ditches still wide and deep, particularly
+on the north and east sides, though partly filled up by the lapse of
+centuries. The keep was a circular tower, occupying the summit of a
+high and steep artificial mount, moated round. Large trees are now
+growing on the sides of the mount, as well as on many parts of the outward
+rampart, and declivities of the ditches: other parts are covered with
+underwood, in many places so thick as to be impassable. The inner court
+is now an orchard; the outer court is cultivated as a farm; and a small
+cottage, with a few out-buildings, now occupies a portion of the ground
+once occupied by Princes and Sovereigns. Near the rampart, on the west
+side, flows the little river Bulbourne. The church, dedicated to St. Peter,
+is built in the form of a cross, with a tower rising from the intersection
+towards the west end, and having a projecting staircase at the south-east
+angle, terminated by a turret at the summit. The tower is supported on
+strong pointed arches, and was originally open, but is now closed from
+the church by the belfry floor. On the outside of the tower, next the
+street, is a sculpture of an angel supporting a shield, impaled with the
+arms of England and France quarterly. The same arms are painted on
+glass in the window of a small chapel within the church. Various chapels
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The church.</span>
+
+
+and chantries were founded here in the Catholic times, and are still partially
+divided from the body of the church. The sepulchral memorials are
+numerous. Between two columns of the nave, surrounded by pews, is an
+ancient tomb of rich workmanship, having on the top, full-length effigies
+of a Knight and his Lady, both recumbent. The Knight is represented in
+armour, with his hands raised in the attitude of prayer across his breast:
+his head rests on a helmet, having a human head, with a long beard, at
+the upper end; his feet are supported on a lion: he has on a hood and
+gorget of mail; and, on the sash, which crosses his body and shoulder,
+is a rose: opposite to this, on his breast-plate, is a dove. The figure of
+the lady is greatly mutilated; her hands and head are broken off; the
+latter rests on a cushion, and is covered with net-work; she is arrayed in
+a close dress, and has a rose on each shoulder. No inscription is remaining
+on this tomb to designate the persons to whose memory it was erected.
+Torynton is supposed to have been the founder of the church; a man in
+special favour with Edmond Plantagenet, Duke of Cornwall. In Sayer's
+chancel is an altar-tomb of alabaster and black marble, in the memory of
+John Sayer, Esq., who was chief cook to Charles II. when in exile, and
+founder of the alms-house for poor widows in this town. A large and
+strong building of brick, erected as a free-school in the reign of Henry
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Free school.</span>
+
+
+VIII., and endowed with the lands of the guild or brotherhood of St.
+John the Baptiste, (an ancient foundation in this town,) stands at the
+bottom of the churchyard. In the next reign the school was made a
+royal foundation, and incorporated. The master is appointed by the
+crown, and has apartments at one end of the free school; the school-room
+occupies the centre; and the other end is inhabited by the chaplain and
+usher. Here is also a charity-school, supported by voluntary contributions,
+&amp;c. Numerous donations for charitable purposes have been made to this
+parish, the principal of which was a bequest of &pound;1,000., made by John
+Sayer, Esq., in July, 1681, for the building and endowment of an alms
+house: this was erected after his decease by his relict, who placed in it
+six poor widows, and increased the original endowment by the gift of
+&pound;300. Each widow has a small allowance weekly, and a cloth gown
+worth 20s. once in two years. In the 14th of Edward III., two representatives
+were sent from this borough; but this was the only return
+ever made, except to the great council held at Westminster, in the 11th of
+the same King. Berkhampstead had a charter of incorporation granted by
+James I., but it scarcely survived the reign of his son. An attempt was
+made to revive the charter, a year or two after the restoration, but it did
+not succeed. The honour of Berkhampstead formerly included upwards of
+fifty-five lordships and manors, in the three counties of Herts, Northampton,
+and Buckingham. Berkhampstead-place is situated on a pleasant
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Contained fifty-five lordships.</span>
+
+
+eminence adjoining the town. Great part of the structure was erected by
+the Careys, having been burnt down in the time of the Lord Treasurer
+Weston, who then resided in it: the remainder was afterwards repaired,
+and with some additions, forms the present dwelling. King James's
+children were mostly nursed in this house. The life of Cowper, the poet,
+who was born here, will be given at Olney, on account of the length of the
+present article.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Shrove-Monday, Whit-Monday, for cattle; Aug. 5, cheese;
+September 29, Oct. 11, statute.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 11.30 night; departs 3.30 morning.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>,
+Kings Arms.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Berkshire[A]</td><td align='right'>co</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>145289</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Berling</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Felton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Widrington</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>306</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Bermersley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Leek</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cheadle</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>156</td><td align='right'>244</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BERKSHIRE. This county was originally inhabited by three tribes
+or nations, termed by the Romans Attrebates, Bibroces, and Segontiaci.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Its ancient
+division into
+three nations.</span>
+
+
+The first occupied part of the west, the south-west and north-west parts.
+The second the south-east parts; and the third a portion of the north parts.
+Under the Romans, this county formed part of the first division called
+Britannia Prima. During the Heptarchy it belonged to the West Saxons.
+It was once called Berrocshire, from the name of a hill covered with box,
+which at one time occupied a large portion of it. It is an inland county,
+bounded on the north by the Thames, which divides it from Oxfordshire
+on the west, and Bucks on the east; and by part of Surrey; on the north
+by Surrey and Hampshire; and on the west by Wilts and a small part of
+Gloucestershire. It is so very irregular in its shape as not to admit of
+any adequate description. Its greatest length is about forty-eight miles,
+and its utmost breadth from north to south about twenty-five. In one of
+the narrowest parts, by Reading, it is about six or seven miles, and less
+still at the eastern extremity. It contains about 464,500 acres, and is
+about 140 miles in circumference; it is in the province of Canterbury,
+and the diocese of Salisbury; (the parish of Chilton, which is in the
+diocese of Oxford, and Langford, which is in that of Lincoln, excepted;)
+subject to an archdeacon, and is divided into six deaneries. It is included
+in the Oxford circuit. There are 20 hundreds, 12 market towns, 148
+parishes (of which 67 are vicarages,) and 671 villages. The natural divisions
+of the county are four, 1. The Vale, beginning at Budcot, and ending
+at Streatley. 2. The Chalky Hills, running nearly through the centre
+of the lower part of the county. 3. The Vale of the Kennet, extending
+diagonally from Hungerford to near Wargrave. 4. The Forest Division,
+commencing on the east to Loddon, and occupying nearly the entire breadth
+of this part of the county to Old Windsor, and from Sandhurst south to
+Maidenhead north. The air is deemed peculiarly salubrious, particularly
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Air, soil,
+and rivers.</span>
+
+
+on the chalky and gravelly soils, which are the most common throughout
+the county; but the uneven face of the country causes some slight degree
+of variation in this particular, though every part is considered healthful
+and good. The soil is as various (though perhaps more mixed) as in the
+last described county. The Vale of White Horse consists generally of a
+rich strong loam and gravel, with some sand and stone brasp, producing
+corn, wheat, beans, &amp;c. In the Chalk Hill district, light black earth on
+chalk prevails, with flint, chalk, gravel, and loam. Here numerous sheep
+are fed; it produces, towards the south and east, turnips, barley; and,
+when properly manured, Lammas wheat and artificial grasses. The Vale
+of Kennet, is generally peat land, with gravel, loam and clay, though in the
+south east parts a poor stony and heathy soil. The Forest District, gravel,
+clay, and loam, except on the south, which is poor and heathy. The principal
+rivers and streams are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the
+Lambourn, the Ock, the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater. All
+these, with perhaps the exception of the Aubourn, the Emme, and the
+Broadwater, abound with almost every kind of fresh water fish. Besides
+these rivers and streams, there are the Ginge Brook, the Moreton Brook,
+and other rivulets, &amp;c.; also some other natural and artificial lakes and
+ponds. Water, however, is generally scarce on the Berkshire downs, and
+along the whole of the chalky stratum. The navigable rivers are the
+Thames and the Kennet. The navigable canals are the Kennet and Avon
+canal, which joins the river Kennet a little above Newbury; the entire
+length from Newbury to Bath is sixty miles&mdash;it has been navigable since
+the year 1798; and the Wilts and Berks canal, opened on September 21,
+1810, into the Thames at Abingdon; from near Bath to Abingdon, about
+fifty-one and three-quarter miles. Mineral waters are by no means common
+in this county. The natural productions of this county, except
+those which may be considered partly agricultural, are neither plentiful
+or important. There are no minerals nor fossils of any great consequence.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Natural
+productions.</span>
+
+
+The strata of sand with oyster-shells, and particularly a thick
+stratum of chalk, is found near Reading. The surface of the soil,
+however, amply compensates for the apparent barrenness of the internal
+parts; and the produce of fat cattle, sheep, swine, and grain, is
+immense; as is also that of fine timber, especially oak and beech. Abingdon
+gives the title of Earl to the Bertie family&mdash;Coleshill, that of Baron to
+the Pleydell-Bouverie family&mdash;Foxley, that of Baron to the Townshend family&mdash;Hungerford,
+that of Baron to the Rawdon-Hastings family&mdash;Mortimer,
+the title of Earl to the Harley family&mdash;Newbury, that of Baron to the
+Cholmondely family&mdash;Uffingham, that of Viscount to the Craven family&mdash;and
+Windsor, the title of Baron to the Windsor-Hickman family; and
+Earl, to the Stuarts. It has been calculated, that, including houses, mills,
+and other productive revenue arising from or attached to the soil, the
+landed property cannot amount to less than &pound;500,000 per annum, and
+that the largest possessor may have about &pound;8000. The largest possessor,
+being a peer, is the Earl of Craven. The Craven, Englefield, Eyston, Read,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient and
+noble families.</span>
+
+
+Southby, Seymour, and Clarke families are among the few ancient families
+who still inherit the same estates, and occupy the same seats, or are immediately
+connected with the county, as their ancestors. Among the
+representatives of some very old families, or in the female line, may be
+ranked the Berties, the Nevilles, the Pleydells, the Puseys, the Throckmortons,
+the Lovedens, the Nelsons, and the Blagraves. The King is
+purposely omitted in this brief list:&mdash;his possessions as a landed proprietor
+being well known. Agriculture so much engrosses the attention
+of the people of Berkshire, that very little trade, unconnected with
+these pursuits is carried on. There are, however, some manufactories
+of sail-cloth, kerseys, canvass, and malt; and there are also several
+pretty large breweries in various parts of the county: the Windsor ale
+having acquired considerable celebrity; and at the Temple mills, near
+Bisham, there is a copper manufacture, and a manufacture of potash at
+Milton.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bermondsey[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Bank of Eng.</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Westm. Ab</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Rotherhithe</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>29741</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Berrier</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Penrith</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Keswick</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Carlisle</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>291</td><td align='right'>113</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>36</td><td align='left'>Berriew</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'> Welch Pool</td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Newtown </td><td align='right'>9 </td><td align='left'>Montgomery </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>172 </td><td align='right'> 2429</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Berrington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Stow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Moreton</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Evesham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>94</td><td align='right'>129</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Berrington</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Wellington</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Act. Burnell</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>152</td><td align='right'>684</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Berrington</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Tenbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leominster</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>165</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Berrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Axbridge</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Weston</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Bridgewater</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>496</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Berrow</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Upton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Malvern</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tewkesbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>507</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>?1</td><td align='left'>Berry Narbor</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Ilfracombe</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Barnstaple</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>C. Martin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>201</td><td align='right'>794</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BERMONDSEY stretches along the banks of the Thames, from Southwark
+to Deptford, and Rotherhithe eastward, and is much inhabited by
+woolstaplers, fellmongers, curriers, parchment-makers, and other manufacturers,
+with such craftsmen as are connected with the construction and
+management of shipping. A priory for monks was founded here in 1082,
+by Aylwin Child, a citizen of London, and endowed by the second William
+with his manor of Bermondsey. In 1399, it was made an abbey,
+and at the dissolution, it was granted to Sir Thomas Pope, who built on
+its site a large house, which afterwards became the property and residence
+of the Earls of Sussex. Another part of the site is called the Abbey House.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Royal residence.</span>
+
+
+Catherine, the Queen of Henry V., and Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV.
+retired to this place, where they died, the former in 1436; the latter
+soon after the forfeiture of her lands, by an order of the Council, in 1486.
+The church was erected in 1680, of brick, with a low square tower and
+turret, and consists of a chancel, nave, two aisles, and a transept. A free
+school was founded here by Mr. Josiah Bacon, and endowed with a revenue
+of &pound;150. for the instruction of not more than sixty, or fewer than forty
+boys. A charity-school was also established, by contributions, in 1755,
+for the education of fifty boys and thirty girls, and was afterwards endowed
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Church and
+schools.</span>
+
+
+by Mr. Nathaniel Smith, with a revenue of &pound;40. per annum. The
+Bermondsey Spa was discovered in 1770, and, by means of the attractive
+entertainments contrived by the proprietor, became a place of general resort;
+but soon after his death the gardens were closed, and the area is now
+built upon. This suburban parish long retained a very antique air from
+the age of several of its streets and houses, many of which were built of
+wood. But the spirit of improvement has gradually amended its appearance:
+an act of parliament was passed in the year 1823, for watching,
+paving, cleansing, and lighting the parish. A new church has been
+erected here for the convenience of the parishioners, at a moderate distance
+from the mother church; it is, however, subordinate to the original
+rectory.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Berry Pomeroy[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Devon</td><td align='left'>Totness</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Torquay</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Brixham</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>197</td><td align='right'>1186</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Bersham Drelincourt</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Llangollen</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Mold</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>179</td><td align='right'>1240</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Bersted, South</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Chichester</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Arundel</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Lt. Hampton</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>2190</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Berwick</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Lewes</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Seaford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Hailsham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>203</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Berwick, Gt. &amp; L.</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Albrighton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Berwick Hill</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Corbridge</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Morpeth</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>105</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Berwick, St. James</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Salisbury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>83</td><td align='right'>232</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Berwick, St. John</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Shaftesbury</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Wilton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>425</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>41</td><td align='left'>Berwick, St. Leonard</td><td align='right'>p</td><td align='left'>Wilts</td><td align='left'>Hindon</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Amesbury</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Warminster</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>51</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Berwick-Prior</td><td align='right'>lib</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Wallingford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Watlington</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Berwick-Salome</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>49</td><td align='right'>134</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BERRY POMEROY. This place, situated in the hundred of Hayter,
+derives its name from the Pomeroys, a very considerable family in these
+parts. Ralph de Pomeroy, who came to England with William the
+Norman, and for his services was rewarded with fifty-eight lordships in
+this county, built a castle here, the magnificent ruins of which, seated on
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Castle in
+ruins.</span>
+
+
+a rocky eminence, rising over a pellucid brook, now form, in combination
+with the other features of the scenery, one of the most delightful views in
+Devonshire. The approach to the castle, observes Dr. Matton, in his
+Observations on the Western Counties, "is through a thick wood, extending
+along the slope of a range of hills that entirely intercept any prospect to
+the south: on the opposite side is a steep rocky ridge, covered with oak,
+so that the ruins are shut into a beautiful valley. The great gate, with
+the walls of the south front, the north wing of the court, or quadrangle,
+some apartments on the west side, and a turret or two, are the principal
+remains of the building; and these are so finely overhung with the
+branches of trees and shrubs which grow close to the walls, so beautifully
+mantled with ivy, and so richly incrusted with moss, that they constitute
+the most picturesque objects that can be imagined; and when the surrounding
+scenery is taken into the account, the noble mass of wood fronting
+the gate, the bold ridges rising in the horizon, and the fertile valley
+opening to the east, the ruins of Berry Pomeroy Castle must be considered
+as almost unparalleled in their effect." The posterity of Ralph
+de Pomeroy resided here till the reign of Edward VI., when Sir Thomas
+Pomeroy sold the manor to Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, from
+whom it has descended to the present Duke of Somerset. Berry Pomeroy
+Castle, whose venerable ruins we have just mentioned, appears to have
+been originally quadrangular, and to have had but one entrance, which was
+on the south side, between two hexagonal towers, through a double gateway;
+the first of which was machiolated, and strengthened by angular
+bastions, and having over it the Pomeroy arms, still visible. A small
+room over the gateway was probably the chapel: it is divided by a
+wall, supported by pillars and arches. From the eastern tower is a fine
+view of the surrounding country. The ruins in the interior part, or quadrangle,
+are considerably more modern than the rest of the building. These
+appear to have belonged to a "magnificent structure," commenced, says
+Prince, in his Worthies of Devonshire, by the Seymours, at an expense of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Former
+state of the
+castle.</span>
+
+
+&pound;20,000, but "never brought to perfection: for the west side of the
+mansion was never begun: what was finished may be thus described.
+Before the door of the Great Hall was a noble walk whose length was the
+breadth of the court, arched over with curiously carved free-stone, supported
+in the fore part by several stately pillars of the same stone, of great
+dimensions, after the Corinthian order, standing on pedestals, having
+cornices and freezes finely wrought. The apartments within were very
+splendid, especially the dining-room; and many other of the rooms were
+well adorned with mouldings and fret-work; some of whose marble
+clavils were so delicately fine, that they would reflect an object true and
+lively from a great distance. Notwithstanding which it is now demolished,
+and all this glory lyeth in the dust, buried in its own ruins; there being
+nothing standing but a few broken walls, which seem to mourn their own
+approaching funerals." The walls are formed of slate, and appear to be
+rapidly decaying. The grounds round the castle consist of steep eminences,
+covered with oak and other trees. Even in the court, and remains of the
+fortress itself, trees of nearly a century's growth are flourishing in
+luxuriance, and compose, with the shrubs thickly scattered within the area,
+a scene highly beautiful. In the wars between Charles I. and the
+Parliament this castle was dismantled. Berry Pomeroy Church, which
+was built by one of the Pomeroy family, contains a splendid alabaster
+monument to the memory of Lord Edward Seymour, Knt. son to the
+Duke of Somerset; Edward Seymour, Bart. and his Lady, the daughter
+of Sir Arthur Champernoune. The two first are represented in armour;
+the knight having a truncheon in his hand, and lying cross-legged. The
+lady is in a black dress, with the figure of a child, in a cradle, at her
+head, and at her feet another in a chair: below are nine figures kneeling,
+with books open before them. This monument was repaired by the
+late Duke of Somerset, the eighth lineal descendant of the Duke of Somerset
+the Protector.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Berwick-upon-T[A]</td><td align='right'>m.t.</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>Coldstream</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Dunbar</td><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Edinburgh</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>337</td><td align='right'>8920</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Besford</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shawbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Weston</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Wem</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>158</td><td align='right'>158</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Besford</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Pershore</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Upton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>109</td><td align='right'>146</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BERWICK. The town is situated N. by W. from Newcastle. King
+Edgar gave it, with Coldingham, to the church of Durham; but it was afterwards
+forfeited by Bishop Flambard. It had a church in the reign of Alexander,
+and, in David's time constituted one of the four boroughs where
+courts of trade were wont to be held. In 1173, it was reduced to ashes;
+and in the following year, Earl Duncan marched to the place, and butchered
+its defenceless inhabitants. Henry II. having obtained the castle as a pledge
+for King William, strengthened its fortifications. It was restored, however,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The disputed
+town.</span>
+
+
+in the following reign. King John made dreadful ravages in the town and
+neighbourhood. A convention was held here by Edward I., in 1291, to
+arbitrate the claims to the crown of Scotland, which were at length
+determined in favour of his creature, Baliol. This prince having shortly
+afterwards thrown off his allegiance, Berwick became exposed to the fury
+of Edward's resentment. In 1296, the English king fortified it with a wall
+and a fosse, and in the same year received the homage of the Scotch nobility
+here In 1297, the town was taken by Sir William Wallace; but the
+castle held out, and after a long assault, was relieved. Wallace about eight
+years after this was betrayed, and half of his body exposed upon Berwick-bridge.
+The Countess of Buchan, for crowning Robert Bruce, at Scone,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Countess of
+Buchan
+shut up in a
+cage six
+years.</span>
+
+
+was shut up here in a wooden cage, six years, and then released. Edward
+II. and his queen wintered at Berwick in 1310. He assembled his army
+here before the battle of Bannockburn. Peter Spalding betrayed this place
+into the hands of Robert Bruce in 1318: many attempts were made to
+recover it, which was not effected till the day after the battle of Hallidon-hill,
+in 1333. Edward III. was here in 1335, with a great army in 1340,
+and the year after, at Easter, held a tournament; but during his absence in
+France, in November 1353, the Scots surprized and took the town. The
+castle, under the renowned Sir John Copeland, held out till Edward, in
+February following, arrived with a great army, and forced the Scotch to
+capitulate. Seven Scotchmen, in 1377, surprised the castle, and held it
+eight days against 7,000 archers, and 3,000 cavalry. The deputy-governor,
+under the Earl of Northumberland, betrayed it into the enemy's hands in
+1384; but the earl soon after recovered it. Through the solicitation of
+his uncle the Earl of Worcester, engaging in the rebellion against Henry IV.,
+in 1406, he employed this fortress against the king; but a cannon-shot,
+the first that was ever fired in England, so alarmed the garrison, that it,
+immediately surrendered. According to Walsingham and Speed, this shot
+was of a large size, and demolished great part of a tower. In 1811, a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The first
+cannon-ball
+used in
+England.</span>
+
+
+all of cast iron, weighing ninety-six pounds, answering to this account,
+was found in a part of the ruins of the castle. It had penetrated the wall
+about three yards, at a place where it was flanked with a tower. An
+unsuccessful attempt was made to reduce it in 1422; but after the battle
+of Towton, in 1461, it was again in the hands of the Scots, who
+strengthened its walls, and held it till 1482, when it finally came into
+possession of the English. "From that time," observes Camden, "the
+kings of England have continually added works to it, particularly Queen
+Elizabeth, who, lately to the terror of the enemy, and security of the
+towns-people, contracted the circuit of the walls, drawing within the old
+ones a very high wall, well built of strong stone, surrounded by a deep
+ditch, a regular rampart, redoubt, counterscarps, and covered ways, so
+that the form and strength of the fortifications are sufficient to discourage
+all hopes of carrying it by assault, not to mention the bravery of the
+garrison, and the stores in the place, which exceed belief." Between the
+years 1761 and 1770 the walls were almost entirely rebuilt in many parts,
+and finished in 1786. The governor of Berwick has a salary of &pound;586. 7s. 1d.
+The barracks measure 217 by 121; and contain twenty-four rooms for
+officers, and seventy-two rooms adapted to hold 567 privates. The church
+of Berwick, a peculiar of the dean and chapter of Durham, stands on the
+north side of the parade. It was rebuilt between 1642 and 1652, at the
+cost of &pound;1400. It has no steeple. It consists of three aisles, and several
+galleries, all handsomely pewed. The Worshipful Mercers' Company,
+in London, founded a lectureship here. David I., King of Scotland,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The church
+and convents.</span>
+
+
+founded here a convent for Cistertian Nuns; and Robert III, granted
+its revenues to Dryburgh Abbey. The convent of Carmelites originated
+with Sir John Grey, in 1270. The Scotch King, in 1239, brought
+hither a convent of Dominicans, which Edward III. removed. The
+Trinitarians had a house here, as had the Franciscans; and between the
+sea and the town, in Maudlin-field, stood the hospital and free chapel of
+St. Mary Magdalen, which had an hospital or hermitage belonging to it
+at Segeden.&mdash;Queen Elizabeth founded a free school here; and a charity-school
+was rebuilt in 1725, in which twenty boys and six girls are clothed
+and educated. Berwick bridge was swept away by a flood in 1199. It
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The bridge
+24 years in
+building.</span>
+
+
+was rebuilt of wood, of which it consisted, till the time of James I., who
+commenced the present elegant structure of stone. It has fifteen arches;
+its length being 1164 feet, and its breadth seventeen. It was twenty-four
+years, four months, and four days in building, and cost government
+&pound;14,960 1s. 6d. The Town Hall was built in 1754. On its ground-floor,
+on the east-side, is a piazza, called the Exchange; and opposite it are cells
+for criminals, and shops. The second floor consists of two spacious halls.
+The outer hall, for holding courts and guilds, measures, sixty feet by
+thirty-one. The inner hall forty-seven feet long and twenty-three feet
+broad, is occasionally occupied for public entertainments. The upper
+story is the common gaol of the town. The turret, 150 feet high, contains
+eight musical bells. The first charter of the corporation was granted by
+Edward I. The corporation were first summoned to send members to
+parliament in the latter end of the reign of Edward IV. The last charter
+of this town was granted by James I. The corporation now consists of a
+mayor, recorder, town clerk, four bailiffs, a coroner, four serjeants at mace,
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Municipal
+officers.</span>
+
+
+and a water-bailiff. The mayor is also escheator in the borough, clerk of
+the market, and a justice of the peace; the other justices of the town being
+the recorder and such resident burgesses as have sustained the office of
+mayor. They are lords of the manor of Tweedmouth, where they hold a
+court-leet and court-baron twice a year. Their annual revenues arising
+from duties taken at the quay and gates, are estimated at &pound;7000. Besides
+the trade in salmon, great quantities of corn and eggs are exported here for
+London. One morning in the month of October, 1814, there were upwards
+of 10,000 salmon, in Berwick market, caught in the Tweed, some of which
+might have been bought at 2s. each. At the same time, the finest herrings
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Salmon and
+herring
+fisheries.</span>
+
+
+(of which an immense shoal was on the coast) were sold for 2s. the hundred
+of six score. On the same day the best salmon was sold in Newcastle
+market at 6d. per pound, and some of the inferior kind as low as 4d. The
+port has about sixty or seventy vessels. The harbour abounds with low
+dangerous rocks. At its mouth a noble pier has recently been constructed
+on the site of an old one, built by Queen Elizabeth. Berwick Castle,
+once a place of high importance, is now almost levelled with the ground.
+About 400 yards north of it, is a pentagonal tower, called the Bell Tower,
+having its name from containing a bell, which was rung on any occasion
+of alarm.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Friday in Trinity Week, for black cattle,
+sheep, and horses.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 9.49 morning; departs 2.1 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Commercial
+Banking Company; draw on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Batson and Co.: draw on Glynn and
+Co.&mdash;<i>Inns</i>, King's Arms, and Red Lion.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Besselsleigh[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Berks</td><td align='left'>Abingdon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Farringdon</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>60</td><td align='right'>124</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>43</td><td align='left'>Bessingby</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Carnaby</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>238</td><td align='right'>83</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bessingham</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Cromer</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Holt</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aylesham</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>116</td><td align='right'>137</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Besthorpe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Attleborough</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Buckenham</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wymondham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>95</td><td align='right'>542</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Besthorp</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Newark</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Saxilby</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>132</td><td align='right'>322</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22</td><td align='left'>Beswick</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Lancaster</td><td align='left'>Stockport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bury</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bolton</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>248</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beswick</td><td align='right'>chap</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverly</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Gt Driffield</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>190</td><td align='right'>205</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>37</td><td align='left'>Betchworth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Surrey</td><td align='left'>Reigate</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Dorking</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Leatherhead</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>26</td><td align='right'>1100</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bethersden</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Tenterden</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Smarden</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'>973</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BESSELSLEIGH, is a small village, in the hundred of Hormer. The
+manor formerly belonged to the family of Legh, from which it passed, by
+a female heir, to that of Besils, or Blesells, which flourished there for
+several centuries. "At this Legh," says Leland, "be very fayre pastures
+and woodes. The Blesells hathe bene lords of it syns the tyme of
+Edwarde the First, or afore, and ther they dyd enhabite. The place is
+all of stone, and stondithe at the west end of the paroche churche. The
+Blesells cam out of Provence in Fraunce, and were men of activitye in
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The Blessell's
+family.</span>
+
+
+feates of armes, as it appearith in monuments at Legh, how he faught in
+Listes with a strange knighte that chalengyd hym, at the whiche deade the
+Kynge and Quene at that tyme of England, were present. The Blesells
+were countyd to have pocessyons of 400 marks by the yere." In the
+year 1516, the estates of the Blesells were carried, by the marriage of an
+heiress, to the Fettiplaces, a respectable Berkshire family, one of whom
+Besil Fettiplace, Esq., was High Sheriff in the 26th of Queen Elizabeth.
+The manor of Besselsleigh was purchased of the Fettiplaces, by William
+Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Long Parliament, whose descendants now
+reside at Burford, in Oxfordshire.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='95%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>25</td><td align='left'>Bethnal Green[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Middlesex</td><td align='left'>Popular</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Clapton</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='right'>62018</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>Betley</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Stafford</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Nantwich</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Keel</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>157</td><td align='right'>870</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bettescombe</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Lyme Regis</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Axminster</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Charmouth</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>146</td><td align='right'>65</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>53</td><td align='left'>Bettesfield</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Flint</td><td align='left'>Whitchurch</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ellesmere</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Oswestry</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>359</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Betteshanger</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Sandwich</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Deal</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Wingham</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='right'>67</td><td align='right'>20</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Betton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Drayton</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Adderley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Woore</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>155</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Betton</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Shrewsbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ch. Stretton</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Wenlock</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>159</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>33</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Salop</td><td align='left'>Knighton</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bis. Castle</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>164</td><td align='right'>389</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>49</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Carmarthen</td><td align='left'>Llandillo</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Camarthen</td><td align='right'>18</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>830</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>52</td><td align='left'>Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='left'>Abergeley</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Aberconway</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Denbigh</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>214</td><td align='right'>912</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>54</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Glamorgan</td><td align='left'>Bridgend</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Pyle</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Neath</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>362</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Bala</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Corwen</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Llandrillo</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Newport</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Careleon</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Pontypool</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'>95</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Lanthony</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Crickhowel</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>151</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>56</td><td align='left'>Bettws</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='left'>Newtown</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llanfair</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>175</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Bettws Bleddrws[C]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Llandovery</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='right'>211</td><td align='right'>235</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Bettws Clyro</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>Hay</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Kington</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Glasbury</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>160</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>58</td><td align='left'>Bettws Diserth</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Radnor</td><td align='left'>New Radnor</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Builth</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Rhayader</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>173</td><td align='right'>141</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BETHNAL GREEN. There is a curious legend relating to this
+place, of which Henry de Mountfort, son of the ambitious Earl of Liecester,
+who was slain with his father at the memorable battle of Evesham, is the
+hero. He is supposed to have been discovered among the bodies of the
+dying and the dead (by a young lady) in an almost lifeless state, and deprived
+of his sight by a wound which he had received during the engagement.
+Under the fostering hand of this "faire damosel" he soon recovered, and
+afterwards marrying her, she became the mother of the celebrated
+"Besse," the heroine of the popular ballad of the beggar's daughter of
+Bethnal-green, written in the reign of Elizabeth. Fearing least his rank
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The blind
+beggar of
+Bethnal-green.</span>
+
+
+and title should be discovered by his enemies, he is said to have disguised
+himself as a beggar, and taken up his residence at Bethnal-green. The
+beauty of the daughter attracted many suitors, and she was at length
+married to a noble knight, who, regardless of her supposed meanness and
+poverty, had the courage to make her his wife: her other lovers having
+deserted her on account of her low origin. At Bethnal-green is an old
+mansion, which the inhabitants, with their usual love of traditionary lore,
+assign as the palace of the blind beggar. The tradition, though with very
+little grounds for its foundation, is still preserved on the sign posts of
+several public houses in the neighbourhood. On the 19th September, 1826,
+the parish officers of Bethnal-green waited on the Secretary of State for
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Gang of 500
+thieves, in
+1826.</span>
+
+
+the Home Department, and stated that a lawless gang, of 500 or more,
+thieves infested that neighbourhood and committed the most dreadful
+outrages nightly, upwards of fifty persons having been robbed and beaten
+in the course of a week; the secretary ordered forty men mounted, to
+patrole the parish, and aid the local authorities in bringing the offenders
+to justice. The hospital called the Trinity House, founded in the year 1695,
+for twenty-eight ancient seamen, who have been masters of ships, and their
+widows, is in this parish. The funds arising from the ballast-offices, lighthouses,
+buoys, beacons, &amp;c. are appropriated by parliament to this corporation.
+Each of the inmates receives 16s. a month, 20s. a year for coals,
+and a new gown every second year. Many of the streets of this parish are
+almost wholly occupied by the operative silk-weavers.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[B] BETTWS-YN-RHOS. <i>Fairs</i>, February 20, May 8, August 15, and November 20.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[C] BETTWS BLEDDRWS. In this neighbourhood there exists a
+curious custom relating to marriage, called a bidding, which takes place
+about a week previous to the day of ceremony. The banns are published
+as in England. A bidder goes from house to house, with a long pole and
+ribbons flying at the end of it, and standing in the middle floor in each
+house, he repeats a long lesson, with great formality. He mentions the
+day of the wedding, the place, the preparations made, &amp;c. The following
+is a specimen:&mdash;Speech of the Bidder in 1762. "The intention of the
+bidder is this; with kindness and amity, with decency and liberality for
+Einion Owain, and Llio Elys, he invites you to come with your good will
+on the plate; bring current money; a shilling, or two, or three, or four,
+or five; with cheese and butter we invite the husband and wife, and
+children, and men-servants, from the greatest to the least. Come there
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Curious
+marriage
+customs.</span>
+
+
+early, you shall have victuals freely, and drink cheap, stools to sit on,
+and fish if we can catch them; but if not, hold us excuseable; and they
+will attend on you when you call in upon them in return. They set out
+from such a place to such a place." The gwahodder, or bidder, has eight
+or ten shillings for his trouble. Saturday is always fixed on as the day of
+marriage, and Friday is allotted to bring home the furniture of the
+woman, consisting generally of an oak chest, a feather bed, clothes, &amp;c.
+The man provides a bedstead, a table, a dresser and chairs. The evening
+is moreover employed in receiving presents of money, cheese, and butter, at
+the man's house, from his friends, and at the woman's house from her
+friends. This is called purse and girdle, it is an ancient British custom.
+All these presents are set down minutely on paper. If demanded, they
+are to be repaid. On Saturday, the friends of the man come all on horseback,
+from the number of eighty to a hundred, and have bread and cheese,
+and ale at his cost, making at the same time their presents, or pay pwython,
+i.e. the presents that have been made at their weddings. From ten to
+twenty of the best mounted go to the intended bride's house to demand
+her. The woman with her friends are expecting the summons, but she
+appears very uncomplying, and much Welsh poetry is employed by way
+of argument; one party being within the house, the other without, abusing
+each other much. Several persons then deliver orations on horseback,
+with their hats off, demanding the daughter from the father, who were
+answered by persons appointed for the business. At length the father
+appears, admitting and welcoming his guests. They alight, walk in, take
+some refreshments, and proceed to church. The girl mounts behind her
+father, mother, or friend, upon the swiftest horse that can be procured.
+Her friends then pretend to run away with her, riding like mad folks, in
+any direction. During this time, the girl has no pillion, sitting upon the
+crupper, and holding by the man's coat, at last the horse is tired, or the
+bride growing impatient consents to go, using only some feints to get out
+of the road, till they arrive at the church. The ceremony being over,
+they return to the married couple's house, eating at free cost, but finding
+their own liquor. Sunday being come, the married pair stay at home receiving
+good will and pwython. On Monday the drink is exhausted, and
+the cheese, &amp;c. is sold, frequently making, with the money presented, a
+sum of &pound;50 to &pound;60. On the following Sunday, most of the company
+attend the young pair to church, and the ceremony closes. Among the
+eminent natives of this neighbourhood, was David ap Gwylim, of Bro
+Ginin, whose works appeared in a large volume, in the year 1789. He
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">A Welsh
+poet.</span>
+
+
+nourished from about the year 1330 to 1370. In early life he enjoyed the
+munificent patronage of Ivor the generous, an ancestor of the Tredegar
+family. Under the influence of a passion for the fair Morvudd he
+composed 147 poems. Their loves were mutual, but her friends induced
+her to accept a wealthy connection, named Rhys Gwrgan, an officer of the
+English army, who served at the battle of Cressy, 1346; Dab Gwilym
+persuaded Morvudd to escape with him, during the absence of her husband
+in France; in consequent of which he was imprisoned, but liberated
+through the influence of his friends. It is from the poems of this author,
+that the modern literary dialect has chiefly been formed.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, August 17, and September 23 and 27.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='100%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bettws Garmon</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Carnarvon</td><td align='left'>Carnarvon</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Beddgelart</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Llanberris</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>230</td><td align='right'>128</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>55</td><td align='left'>Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Merioneth</td><td align='left'>Corwen</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bala</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='left'>Ruthin</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>273</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Bettws Jevan</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Newcastle</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Llanarth</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='right'>236</td><td align='right'>386</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>51</td><td align='left'>Bettws Lleuce</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cardigan</td><td align='left'>Lampeter</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tregaron</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Aberystwith</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>381</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>26</td><td align='left'>Bettws Newydd</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='left'>Usk</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Abergavenny</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Monmouth</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>142</td><td align='right'>890</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>50</td><td align='left'>Bettws-Y-Coed[B]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Caernarvon</td><td align='left'>Llanrwst</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bangor</td><td align='right'>20</td><td align='left'>Corwen</td><td align='right'>23</td><td align='right'>217</td><td align='right'>348</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>30</td><td align='left'>Bevercoates</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Nottingham</td><td align='left'>Tuxford</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Ollerton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>E. Retford</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>51</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Beverege</td><td align='right'>isl</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Droitwich</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bewdley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>113</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beverley[C]</td><td align='right'>m.t. &amp; bo</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Scarborough</td><td align='right'>35</td><td align='left'>York</td><td align='right'>28</td><td align='right'>183</td><td align='right'>8302</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[A] BETTWS GWERFYL.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, March 16, June 22, August 12, September 16, and Dec. 12.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>[B] BETTWS-Y-COED. At this village, which contains scarcely a
+hundred houses, is the picturesque bridge of Pont-y-Pain, beneath which
+is a famous salmon leap; and the road leads into the luxuriant vale
+of Llanwrst, in the neighbourhood of which are many seats. The principal
+of these is Gwydir House, an ancient mansion of the Wynnes; and
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Gwydir
+House.</span>
+
+
+now an occasional residence of Lord Gwydir. Two miles northward is
+the village of Trefrew, remarkable chiefly for a saline spring, and the site
+of a royal palace, built by Llewelyn. Between two mountains, near this
+place are some capital mines, the produce of which are lead, calamine,
+mixed with iron, ochre, and pyrites. Bettws-y-Coed lies on the mail-coach
+road to Holyhead. From Cernioge Mawr, through this place to
+Ogwen Lake, a broad smooth, and well protected road has been made
+among the rocky precipices with which the mountainous country abounds.
+The village church contains an ancient but very perfect tomb of Gryffyd,
+grand nephew of Llewellyn, the last prince of Wales. This interesting
+monument is concealed rather awkwardly beneath one of the benches.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Fairs</i>, May 15, and December 3.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 6.30 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>[C] BEVERLEY. This important market town lies at the foot of the
+wolds, it was anciently called Dierwald: the wood of the Deiri; from
+its extensive forest. Its present appellation may be a corruption of
+Beaver ley; beavers having abounded in the neighbouring river, Hull.
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Its origin
+and early
+history.</span>
+
+
+Its origin and early history were totally unknown, till the beginning of the
+eighth century, when St. John of Beverley founded a church and monastery,
+and died there. This institution was several times destroyed by the Danes;
+and there is a pause in its history, till Athelstan granted to it many priviledges,
+and built a new college. Many archbishops of York were benefactors
+to the monastery, and expended large sums in beautifying the
+church. In the early part of the civil war, Charles I. had his quarters here;
+and subsequently the town was taken by the parliamentarians. It appears
+that Beverley derived its first and greatest importance from its connexion
+with the saint. In its present state, the town is extensive and pleasant.
+The entrance from Driffield, through an ancient gateway into a spacious
+street of elegant houses, is particularly beautiful. Its market-place also
+being large and commodious, is a principal ornament. The church of
+St. John, which is in excellent preservation, is a superb edifice, adorned
+at its west end with two lofty steeples. Within it is rich in relics of
+antiquity. Gisbon, describing it, says "the minster here is a very fair and
+neat structure: the roof is an arch of stone. In it are several monuments
+of the Earls of Northumberland, who have added a little chapel to the
+choir; in the windows whereof are the pictures of several of that family,
+drawn in the glass. At the upper end of the choir, on the right side of
+the altar place, stands the freedstool, made of one entire stone, and said to
+have been removed from Scotland; with a well of water behind it. At
+the upper end of the body of the church, next the choir, hangs an
+ancient tablet, with the pictures of St. John and king Athelstan, and this
+distich:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+'Als free make I thee,<br />
+As heart can wish, or egh can see.'"
+</p>
+
+<p>Hence, adds our author, the burgesses of Beverley pay no toll or custom
+in any port or town of England. The choir is paved with marble of four
+colours. Over the altar is a magnificent wooden arch supported by eight
+fluted Corinthian pillars. The east window now contains all the painted
+glass which could be collected from the others. The screen, between the
+choir and the nave, is Gothic, and is justly esteemed a principal ornament
+of the edifice. At the lower end of the body of the church stands a large
+font of agate stone. In 1664, a vault was discovered of free-stone, in
+which was a sheet of lead, containing the relics of St. John, with an
+inscription, dated 1197, which imported that, the church having been
+destroyed by fire, the ashes had been for some time lost, but that at length
+they had been found and there deposited. They were contained in a small
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient
+superstitions.</span>
+
+
+leaden box, and consisted of a few bones, six beads, some large nails, and
+three brass pins. The whole was piously replaced, with an appropriate
+inscription; and, in 1726, the spot was adorned with an arch of brick-work.&mdash;The
+church of St. Mary is also a large and handsome structure;
+and like the minster, was destroyed in 1528, by the fall of its steeple. It
+contains some monuments and inscriptions; but none of note.&mdash;Beverley
+is a corporate town, and is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and
+thirteen of the principal burgesses. The whole number of these last is about
+1200; and many persons are induced to purchase their freedom, by
+the privileges and immunities which it confers: among these are extensive
+rights of pasture on four commons, near the town; and, as we have
+observed, liberation from all tolls throughout the kingdom. Besides its
+churches, Beverley has the following public edifices and charitable institutions:
+the Hallgarth, a beautiful and spacious hall, in which are
+held the sessions, and a register-office for deeds and wills; an elegant
+market cross, supported by eight columns; each one entire piece of free-stone;
+a common gaol, which was rebuilt thirty-five years since, with
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Public edifices.</span>
+
+
+due attention to the suitable accommodation of its inmates; seven alms-houses
+with funds, for the erection of two more; a work-house, which
+cost &pound;700; and finally, an excellent free-school, to the scholars of which
+are appropriated two fellowships at St. John's Cambridge, six scholarships,
+and three exhibitions. The trade of Beverley arises chiefly from the
+making of malt, oat-meal, and leather: formerly it was somewhat celebrated
+for clothing. The vicinity of the town, particularly towards the
+west, is rather pleasing; and commands several interesting prospects.
+At the distance of three miles, is the moated site of Lekingfield House,
+which was demolished, probably, about the end of the sixteenth century.
+The barbarous custom of baiting a bull on the day of the mayor being
+sworn into office, to the disgrace of the town, still continues. In the
+Grammar school were educated Bishops Allcock, Fisher, and Green; and
+here was painted as early as 1509, the figure of a man on horseback, by
+'Hugh Goes.' Beverley is remarkable as being the birth-place of the following
+eminent persons, viz.: Aluridus, an ancient historian, who died in 1129.
+Dr. John Allcock, the founder of Jesus College, Oxford, who was the most
+celebrated divine, scholar, and architect of his time. In 1470, he was
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Dr. John
+Allcock born here.</span>
+
+
+made a privy counsellor and embassador to the King of Castile. He was
+successively Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, Lord High Chancellor
+of England, and lord President of Wales. In his capacity of an
+architect, few, if any, ever excelled him, and his correct judgment in this
+science procured him the appointment of Comptroller of the Royal Works.
+He founded the Grammar School of Kingston upon Hull, and built a chapel,
+on the south side of the church, where his parents were buried. The
+beautiful hall of the episcopal palace of Ely was erected from his design
+and at his expense. He very elegantly enlarged the parish church of
+Westbury, and built that sumptuous and beautiful chapel in the Presbytery
+of Ely Cathedral, where he was buried, and which remains at the present
+day, a monument of his correct judgment; but all these fall into shadow,
+when compared with that gorgeous and exquisite mass of enrichment,
+Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Westminster; of which, if he was not the
+immediate designer, he was at least the able manager and superintendant
+of its erection&mdash;a monument of pious munificence that will be endeared to
+every lover of art, when the living temple of its projector is forgotten.
+He died at his castle of Wisbeach, October 1, 1500.&mdash;John Fisher, Bishop
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Bishop
+Fisher born
+here.</span>
+
+
+of Rochester, was born here in 1459. His father was so eminent a
+scholar and divine, that Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of
+Henry VII., although unknown to him, sent for him, and appointed him
+her domestic chaplain; and to his councils posterity are mainly indebted
+for those magnificent foundations, St. John's and Christ's College at
+Cambridge. This amiable bishop, with all his virtues, could not preserve
+himself from the malignity of "the worst of England's monarchs"&mdash;Henry
+VIII.; and under the pretence of being inimical to the marriage of
+the king with Ann Bolyen, he was thrown into prison, and most barbarously
+treated; here he continued for nearly a year, and might have been
+left to die of ill treatment and old age, had it not been for the unseasonable
+mark of respect paid him by Pope Paul III., who created him,
+May 15, 1535, Cardinal Priest of St. Vitalis. Henry forbade the hat to
+be brought into England, and sent Lord Cromwell to examine the Bishop
+about the affair. "My Lord of Rochester," (says Cromwell) "what
+would you say if the Pope should send you a Cardinal's hat," upon which
+the Bishop replied, "Sir, I know myself to be so far unworthy of such
+dignity that I think of nothing less; but if any thing should happen
+assure yourself that I should improve that favour to the best advantage
+that I could, by assisting the Holy Catholic Church of Christ, and in that
+respect I would receive it upon my knees." When the answer was brought,
+the king said in a great passion, "yea! is he yet so lusty&mdash;well, let
+the Pope send him a hat when he will&mdash;mother of God! he shall wear it
+on his shoulders then, for I will leave him never a head to set it on."
+His ruin being now determined, but hardly daring to take his life upon
+such trivial grounds, the king sent that most fawning and contemptible
+creature, Sir Richard Rich, Solicitor-General, to draw from him something
+that might convict him. This wiley wretch gradually drew from him a
+private opinion concerning the king's supremacy, telling the Bishop at the
+same time, that it was a scruple of the King's conscience that made him
+ask for it. Thus entrapped he was not allowed to make a defence, but was
+tried by a bill of attainder for high treason, and executed on the 22d of
+the same month, and his head placed on London bridge. Thus perished
+this good, but ill-fated prelate, in the 77th year of his age, which dreadful
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">His head
+placed on
+London-bridge.</span>
+
+
+tragedy, as Bishop Burnet observes, "Has left one of the greatest blots
+upon this kingdom's proceedings."&mdash;The Rev. John Green was also a
+native of this place, he was born in 1706, educated at the Grammar
+School here, and finished his university education at St. John's College,
+Cambridge, where he became master of arts; he afterwards engaged himself
+as usher of a school at Litchfield, where he became acquainted with
+Dr. Johnson, and Mr. Garrick. In 1730, he was elected a fellow of St.
+John's College, and soon afterwards the Bishop procured for him the
+vicarage of Hingeston. In 1744, Charles, Duke of Somerset, and Chancellor
+of the University, made him his domestic chaplain. In June 1750, he
+was elected master of Bennet College, and in 1756, Dean of Lincoln, then
+Vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge; and at last, through the
+influence of his patron, the Duke of Newcastle, preferred to the See of
+Lincoln. He was the friend and colleague of Archbishop Secker, who had
+always a just esteem for his virtues and abilities. After the death of
+Lord Willoughby, of Parham, in 1765, the literary meetings of the
+Royal Society used to be held in his lordship's house, as one of its most
+accomplished members. In June 1761, he exerted his problematical
+talents in two letters "On the Principles and Practice of the Methodists,"
+which he addressed to the Rev. Mr. Berridge and Mr. Whitfield;
+and to the honour of this prelate be it spoken, that when the Bill
+for the Relief of the Dissenters, was brought before the House of Lords,
+in May 1772, and lost upon a division of 102 to 27, he was the only
+member of the clerical brotherhood, who voted in its favour. He died
+suddenly at Bath, April 25, 1779. This elegant scholar was one of the
+writers of the celebrated "Athenian Letters," published by the Earl of
+Hardwick, in 1798, 2 vols. 4to. Beverley returns two Members to Parliament.
+The &pound;10 householders are about 507. The returning officer is
+the Mayor.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Markets</i>, Wednesday and Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, Thursday before Old Valentine; Holy Thursday;
+July 5; November 5, for horses and sheep; and every alternate Wednesday for horned
+cattle.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Machell and Co.; draw on Glyn and Co.; Bower and Co., draw on
+Curries and Co.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 10.45 morning; departs 6.0 afternoon.&mdash;<i>Inn</i>, Tiger.</p></div>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Beverley Park</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>2</td><td align='left'>Hull</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>181</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Beverstone</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Tetbury</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>M. Hampton</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Dursley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='right'>102</td><td align='right'>174</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bevington</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>Alcester</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bitford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Stratford</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>106</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bevington Wood</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bewaldeth</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Cockermouth</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Keswick</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Wighton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>299</td><td align='right'>172</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Bewcastle[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Cumberland</td><td align='left'>Brampton</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Longtown</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='left'>Haltwhistle</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>1336</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BEWCASTLE is supposed to have been a Roman station, and
+garrisoned by part of the Legio Secunda Augusta, as a security to the
+workmen who were employed in erecting the famous wall, it is situated in
+the midst of a wild and unfrequented district, in the Ward of Eskdale.
+Some vestiges of ancient buildings still remain, and numerous Roman
+coins and inscriptions have been discovered here. The present name of
+the village is reported to have been derived from Bueth, who was Lord of the
+Manor at the time of the Conquest, and is said to have repaired a Roman
+castle here, and called it after his own name. The castle was of a square
+form, each front about twenty-nine yards in length: it is now in ruins:
+the south side, of which there are most remains, is nearly fourteen yards
+high. This structure was destroyed by the parliamentary forces in the year
+1641. It seems to have been a dark gloomy fortress. Gils Bueth, the
+son of Bueth, mentioned above, was treacherously killed by Robert De
+Vallibus, at a meeting which had been held for friendly purposes. His
+possessions then fell to the crown, and were bestowed by Henry II.
+on the last Hubert de Vallibus, whose daughter conveyed them to the
+family of the Multons by marriage. The estates afterwards passed through
+several hands. Bewcastle in the fifth of Charles I. was granted to
+Sir Robert Graham, in whose family it remains. Upon one occasion the
+captain of Bewcastle is said to have made an incursion into Scotland, in
+which he was defeated and forced to fly. Watt Tinlinn, a celebrated
+retainer of the Buccleuch family, who held for his border service a small
+tower on the frontiers of Liddisdale, pursued him. Watt Tinlinn was, by
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Anecdote of
+Watt Tinlinn.</span>
+
+
+profession, a cobbler, but by inclination and practice an archer, and
+warrior. He closely followed the fugitive through a dangerous morass:
+the captain, however, gained the firm ground; and seeing Tinlinn dismounted,
+and floundering in the bog, used these words of insult: "Sutor
+Watt, ye cannot sew your boots: the heels <i>risp</i>, and the seams <i>rive</i>."
+"If I cannot sew," retorted Tinlinn, discharging a shaft, which nailed the
+captain's thigh to his saddle. "If I cannot sew, I can yerk." Bewcastle
+Church is a small edifice, standing on a rising ground near the castle, a
+fosse surrounding them both. In the churchyard is a celebrated obelisk,
+which has for many years attracted the attention of the curious. Its
+height is fourteen feet, two inches: its breadth, on the bottom of the
+broadest side, is one foot ten: on the top was originally a cross, which is
+supposed to have been abolished in some ebullition of popular enthusiasm.
+Various sculptured ornaments appear on its different sides, executed with
+much fancy, together with an illegible Roman inscription, and some
+human figures. On the wastes of Bewcastle parish, several thousands of
+sheep and black cattle are annually fed. The inhabitants of the parish
+live chiefly in single and scattered houses; their religious opinions are
+mostly conformable to the doctrines of the church of England; but about
+thirty years ago a meeting house was built for a small congregation of
+Presbyterians. In this parish, a fine is paid of four years, ancient rent, on
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Ancient fine</span>
+
+
+change of the Lord of the Manor by death: or of the tenants either by death
+or alienation: besides various customary works and carriages; and for a
+heriot, the best beast of which the tenant may die possessed, except the
+riding-horse kept for the lord's service. Bewcastle parish has two schools
+supported by subscription, the masters of which have a salary of about
+ten pounds a year, and the privilege of a whittle-gate. The custom of
+whittle-gate was formerly much observed in this and the neighbouring
+counties: it consists in the master going to all the abodes of his scholars
+in rotation, and being supplied with victuals by the parents or friends.</p>
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>42</td><td align='left'>Bewdley[A]</td><td align='right'>bo. &amp; m.t.</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='left'>Ludlow</td><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Kiddermin</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='left'>Worcester</td><td align='right'>15</td><td align='right'>129</td><td align='right'>3908</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>44</td><td align='left'>Bewerley</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>W.R. York</td><td align='left'>Ripley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Boro'bridge</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Tanfield</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>212</td><td align='right'>1310</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bewick, New</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb.</td><td align='left'>Wooler</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Belford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Alnwick</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>312</td><td align='right'>106</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>29</td><td align='left'>Bewick, Old</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Northumb</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='right'>313</td><td align='right'>227</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>46</td><td align='left'>Bewholm</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>E.R. York</td><td align='left'>Beverley</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Hornsea</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Bridlington</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>195</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>38</td><td align='left'>Bexhill</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Sussex</td><td align='left'>Hastings</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Battle</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Pevensey</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='right'>63</td><td align='right'>1931</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Bexington, West</td><td align='right'></td><td align='left'>Dorset</td><td align='left'>Bridport</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Abbotsbury</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Dorchester</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>131</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>[A] BEWDLEY is seated on the Severn, in the centre of a populous manufacturing
+district; it was, in the reign of Edward I., a manor of the Beauchamps,
+and received from Edward IV. its charter of incorporation. Leland's
+description of the town, and his opinion of its origin, possess some
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Leland's description
+of the town.</span>
+
+
+beauties, and great exactness.&mdash;"The towne selfe of Beaudley is sett on
+the syde of a hill; soe comely a man cannot wish to see a towne better.
+It riseth from Severne banke by east, upon the hill, by west; soe that a
+man standing on the hill <i>trans pontem</i> by east, may discerne almost every
+house in the towne, and at the risinge of the sunne from the east, the
+whole towne glittereth (being all of a new building), as it were of gould.
+By the distance of the parish church (at Ribbesford), I gather that
+Beaudley is a very new towne, and that of ould time there was but some
+poore hamlett, and that upon the building of a bridge there upon Severne,
+and resort of people unto it, and commodity of the pleasant site, men
+began to inhabit there; and because the plott of it seemed fayre to the
+lookers, it hath a French name, Beaudley." The figure of the town is
+that of the letter Y: the foot extending to the river; one of the horns, towards
+Ribbesford, the other into the forest. The bridge, viewed from
+the loaded wharfs, appears a handsome modern structure, possessing a
+lightness of feature, superior even to that of the bridge at Worcester.
+The church, situated at the junction of the three principal streets, is
+accounted a chapel of ease to the mother church of Ribbesford; and was
+rebuilt in its present neat, yet embellished style, about 1748. Here are
+also appropriate places of public worship for the numerous dissenters;
+several institutions for carrying on the useful work of education, mostly
+supported by voluntary contributions, and a number of alms-houses for the
+poor and aged. The town-hall is a handsome modern building of stone,
+with three arches in front, six square pilasters, and a pediment, surmounted
+by the Littelton arms, and a double row of arcades. The trade
+of Bewdley is considerable, and the inhabitants boast, with reason, that
+their trows and their crews are the best on the river. Among the sources
+of this profitable commerce, are numerous tan-yards; manufactures of a
+kind of cap, much worn before the introduction of felt hats, comb-making,
+and other works in horn, and a manufacture of flannel; while
+the town is a sort of mart for the wholesale grocery trade. The charter
+of incorporation of Bewdley has been subject to some extraordinary
+changes: the original deed, renewed by James I. was surrendered to
+Charles II., and replaced by another from his successor, which last, on
+the accession of Anne, was declared illegal, and became the cause of a
+contention, which produced a long and expensive law-suit, ended by the
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">The charter
+disputed.</span>
+
+
+confirmation of the original charter. By virtue of this, the corporation of
+Bewdley consists of a bailiff, a recorder, a high steward, and twelve
+capital burgesses, who depute one member to parliament, the bailiff being
+the returning officer. The borough comprises the parish of Ribbesford
+and the hamlets of Ribbenhall, Hoarstone, Blackstone, Netherton, Lower
+Milton, and Lickhill; the number of burgesses are 42, and &pound;10. householders
+about 484. Lord Lyttelton is lord of the manor, high steward, and
+recorder. A few years since, Dr. James Johnstone, of Worcester, made
+an important discovery in this neighbourhood, of a mineral spring, whose
+qualities, after an attentive analysis, he declared to resemble those of the
+Harrowgate and Moffat waters. The most celebrated natives of this place
+were John Tombes, born in 1612, a subtle disputant, and a learned man,
+but a changeling sectary; and Richard Willis, who was the son of a capper,
+and became remarkable for his extemporaneous preaching; the latter
+was made chaplain to King William, and promoted to the see of Winchester,
+in 1714. Near a pleasant hamlet on the side of the river opposite
+to Bewdley, is Spring Grove, a large white building surrounded by a
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Spring
+Grove.</span>
+
+
+park, late the seat of S. Skey, Esq. to whom the country is indebted for
+the introduction of a breed of mules, both handsome and useful. On a
+hill, half a mile from Bewdley, and on the eastern bank of the Severn, is
+the elegant villa called Winterdyne. This agreeable retreat, plain in its
+appearance, yet commodious, is seated on a high and romantic cliff, embowdered
+in deep tufted slides, and surrounded by ornamented walks,
+which are diversified with Gothic turrets, seats, and hermitages. Advancing
+on the river, Blackstone rocks meet the eye; a bold range of
+dusky cliffs feathered to the top, and made romantic by the formation of a
+cell or hermitage, heretofore the abode of some holy man, but now a repository
+for the potatoes, cheese, and farming implements of a neighbouring
+agriculturist.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Market</i>, Saturday.&mdash;<i>Fairs</i>, April 23, July 26, and December 11, for cattle, horses, cheese,
+and linen and woollen cloth.&mdash;<i>Bankers</i>, Skey, Son, and Co.; draw on Lubbock and Co.;
+and Pardoe and Co.; draw on Hoare and Co.&mdash;<i>Mail</i> arrives 12.27 afternoon; departs 1.30
+afternoon.</p></div>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bexley[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Dartford</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Bromley</td><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Eltham</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>3206</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Bexton</td><td align='right'>to</td><td align='left'>Chester</td><td align='left'>Knutsford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Northwich</td><td align='right'>9</td><td align='left'>Congleton</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='right'>176</td><td align='right'>76</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>27</td><td align='left'>Bexwell</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Norfolk</td><td align='left'>Downham</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Lynn</td><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Stoke Ferry</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='right'>85</td><td align='right'>53</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21</td><td align='left'>Bibrook</td><td align='right'>..</td><td align='left'>Kent</td><td align='left'>Ashford</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Kennington</td><td align='right'>1</td><td align='left'>Canterbury</td><td align='right'>14</td><td align='right'>54</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BEXLEY was given by King Cenulph to the see of Canterbury. Edward
+II. granted a weekly market to be held here, but this has long been
+disused. Archbishop Cranmer alienated Bexley to Henry VIII. James I.
+granted it to Sir John Spilman, who afterwards sold it to the celebrated
+Camden, who made over his right to the University of Oxford, for the
+purpose of founding an historical professorship; but covenanted that all
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">One of
+Camden's
+manors.</span>
+
+
+the revenues of the manor should be enjoyed for 99 years from his own
+death, by Mr. William Heather, his heirs and successors, subject to the
+payment of &pound;140. annually. The University have since granted leases
+from time to time, for 21 years, to the Leighs, of Hawley. The church, a
+peculiar of the Archbishops of Canterbury, has a shingled tower and
+small octangular spire. On the south side of the chancel is an ancient
+confessional, consisting of three divisions of pointed arches, and a recess
+for holy water; on the north side are seven ancient stalls of oak with
+carved heads, and other figures. Here are several curious old monuments
+High-street House, which adjoins the churchyard, was rebuilt in 1701
+by the late learned antiquary, John Thorpe, Esq., F.S.A., author of the
+"Customale Roffense," who purchased this estate of the Austens, of Hall
+Place, in 1750. On his death, his possessions devolved to his two
+daughters, by Catharine, daughter of Dr. Lawrence Holker, of Gravesend:
+High-street House, was allotted to the youngest, married to Cuthbert
+Potts, Esq. This gentleman became owner also, in right of his wife, of a
+contiguous villa, called Bourne Place, which was built about fifty years
+ago, by Lawrence Holker, Esq. son of Dr. Holker. Hall Place, formerly
+the seat of a family surnamed At-Hall, is an ancient and spacious edifice,
+now occupied as a boarding-school. On August 12, 1822, Robert, Marquis
+of Londonderry, sinking under the weight of a very heavy session of
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Death of
+Lord Londonderry.</span>
+
+
+Parliament, died by his own hand. Symptoms of mental aberration had
+been observed in his Lordship by the Duke of Wellington, who had
+required Dr. Blankhead to visit him; his Lordship severed the carotid
+artery with a knife, and died almost instantly. He was an able diplomatic
+character, and an acute and efficient Parliamentary leader&mdash;he was, in the
+53d year of his age: on the 20th of the same month his remains were
+deposited in Westminster Abbey. The Right Honourable Nicholas Vansittart
+was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and raised to
+the Peerage by the title of Baron Bexley, of Bexley, in Kent, on the 31st
+January, 1833.</p>
+
+
+<table summary="table"  rules='cols'
+cellspacing='0' cellpadding='3' width='90%'>
+<tr>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Map</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='2' align='center'><b><span class='u'>Names of Places</span></b></td>
+<td><b><span class='u'>County</span></b></td>
+<td colspan='6' align='center'> <b><span class='u'>Number of Miles From</span></b></td>
+
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Dist. <br />Lond.</span></b></td>
+<td align='right'><b><span class='u'>Popul<br />ation.</span></b></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr><td align='right'>15</td><td align='left'>Bibury[A]</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Gloucester</td><td align='left'>Fairford</td><td align='right'>5</td><td align='left'>Cirencester</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Barford</td><td align='right'>10</td><td align='right'>82</td><td align='right'>950</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>31</td><td align='left'>Bicester[B]</td><td align='right'>m.t.&amp; pa</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='left'>Aylesbury</td><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Oxford</td><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Buckingham</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>55</td><td align='right'>2868</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>34</td><td align='left'>Bickenhall</td><td align='right'>pa</td><td align='left'>Somerset</td><td align='left'>Taunton</td><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Ilminster</td><td align='right'>7</td><td align='left'>Langford</td><td align='right'>11</td><td align='right'>140</td><td align='right'>270</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bickenhill, Church </td><td align='right'>pa </td><td align='left'>Warwick </td><td align='left'>Coleshill </td><td align='right'>5 </td><td align='left'>Birmingham </td><td align='right'>10 </td><td align='left'>Solihull </td><td align='right'>4 </td><td align='right'>101 </td><td align='right'> 725</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>39</td><td align='left'>Bickenhill, Hill</td><td align='right'>ham</td><td align='left'>Warwick</td><td align='left'>...</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Solihull</td><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Meriden</td><td align='right'>3</td><td align='right'>100</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p>[A] BIBURY. In the eighth century this little village belonged to the See of
+Worcester: in the twelfth century it was given, with certain restrictions, to
+the Abbey of Oseney, in Oxfordshire; and, in 1547, it was finally alienated
+from the See of Worcester, to the Earl of Warwick, from whom the manor
+has passed through various families to Estcourt Cresswell, Esq. Bibury
+is a peculiar, possessing jurisdiction over Aldsworth, Barnsley, and Winson;
+the Lord of the Manor, however, claims a prescriptive right of
+appointing his own official and chancellor, who hath the recording of
+wills, and the granting of licenses within the peculiar: nor doth the Lord
+of the Manor allow to the Bishop the right of visitation. The Church is
+supposed to have been rebuilt by the monks of Oseney. The architecture
+of the north and south doors is in the early Norman style. On the north
+wall was a colossal painting, in fresco, of St. Christopher, the sight of
+whose image, according to the monkish legends, had sufficient efficacy to
+
+
+<span class="sidenote">Monkish
+legends.</span>
+
+preserve the spectator from sudden or violent death: the painting is now
+obliterated. Several monuments and inscriptions to the memory of the
+Coxwalls, and other families, are in the edifice. The mansion was built in
+the reign of James II., by Sir Thomas Sackville, of the family of the Earls
+of Dorset. From its situation on an easy eminence, it commands a fine
+view of the river Colne, backed by an amphitheatre of low wood, of the
+most variegated foliage, clothing the acclivities of the hills, and rendered
+more beautiful from the contrast afforded by the barren downs which
+appear in the distance.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p>[B] BICESTER lies in a flat situation near the eastern border of the
+county. The parish is divided into two districts, termed King's End and
+Market End. The church is a large and respectable edifice. There is no
+peculiar manufacture: but the town derives great benefit from its market and cattle fairs.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England
+and Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,14498 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England and
+Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Curiousities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated Vol. 1
+       Historical, Entertaining & Commercial; Alphabetically
+       Arranged. 11 Volume set.
+
+Author: Thomas Dugdale
+
+Other: William Burnett
+
+Release Date: September 25, 2011 [EBook #37519]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOUSITIES OF GREAT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Graeme Mackreth and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images generously made
+available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Frontispiece.
+
+_Designed & Engraved for_ Dugdales England & Wales _Delineated._]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES of GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+ENGLAND & WALES
+
+Delineated.
+
+_Historical, Entertaining & Commercial._
+
+Alphabetically arranged
+
+_By Thomas Dugdale. Antiquarian._
+
+_assisted by WILLIAM BURNETT. CIVIL ENGINEER._ --1835--
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Warkworth Hermitage. Northumberland.
+
+Drawn and Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated. _London
+Published by L. Tallis. S. Jewin Street. City._
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by J. Satmon
+
+KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE.
+
+Engraved by E. Mansill
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by J. Marchant.
+
+THEBERTON HOUSE THE SEAT of THOS GIBSON ESQ.
+
+Engraved by D. Buckle.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: CITY OF DURHAM,
+
+DURHAM.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: THE QUEEN'S PALACE, PIMLICO.
+
+_MIDDLESEX._
+
+The birth place of The Prince of Wales, born, Novr 9. 1911, also of
+the Princess Royal, born. Novr 21, 1810.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for Dugdales England & Wales Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: YORK.
+
+_OLD BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER FOSS._]
+
+[Illustration: PENRICE CASTLE.
+
+_GLAMORGANSHIRE_
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: TRETWR.
+
+_BRECKNOCKSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: NEW POST OFFICE.
+
+_St. Martins le-Grand_
+
+_LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: NEW ROYAL EXCHANGE.
+
+_LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: DUNSTABLE PRIORY CHURCH,
+
+(WEST FRONT.)
+
+BEDFORDSHIRE.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: PLYMOUTH SOUND.
+
+FROM MOUNT EDGCOMBE.]
+
+[Illustration: MANERBEER CASTLE,
+
+_PEMBROKESHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: _West Tower of_
+
+GOODRICH CASTLE,
+
+_HEREFORDSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: Drawn & Engraved by J. Grey]
+
+CARLISLE CASTLE,
+
+CUMBERLAND.
+
+[Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: BANK OF ENGLAND.
+
+_LONDON._]
+
+[Illustration: CITY OF BRISTOL,
+
+_GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND SOMERSETSHIRE._
+
+Among the numerous distinguished individuals to whom Bristol has had the
+honour of giving birth, are Lilly, Chatterton, Mrs. Mary Robinson,
+Mrs. Hannah More, Southey, Sebastian Cabot, the first discoverer of the
+continent of America, & many others.]
+
+[Illustration: KNARESBOROUGH CASTLE,
+
+_YORKSHIRE._
+
+About a mile down the river from this Castle, is St. Robert's Cave, the
+scene of the murder committed by Eugene Aram, which was discovered
+thirteen years afterwards.]
+
+[Illustration: BATTERSEA BRIDGE.
+
+_SURREY._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: BATTLE ABBEY.
+
+_SUSSEX._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: LLANTHONEY ABBEY.
+
+_MONMOUTHSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: COWBRIDGE,
+
+_GLAMORGANSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: VALE OF TAFF.
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: LAUGHARNE CASTLE,
+
+_CAERMARTHENSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: RUNNEY MEAD, OR MAGNA CHARTA ISLAND.
+
+_NEAR EGHAM, SURREY._
+
+This place is celebrated in history as the spot where the assembled
+barons in 1215, obtained from King John, the grant of Magna Charta.]
+
+[Illustration: KIRKSTALL ABBEY, NEAR LEEDS.
+
+_YORKSHIRE._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: GOLDSMITH'S HALL.
+
+_FOSTER LANE, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON._
+
+Drawn & Engraved for DUGDALES ENGLAND & WALES Delineated.]
+
+[Illustration: MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.
+
+Charles Street Mary-le-bone.
+
+This Hospital was instituted for sick & lame patients in 1745. The
+present substantial building was completed in 1835.]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLAND & WALES]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLAND & WALES
+
+With its Railroads & Canals.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BEDFORDSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BERKSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration: CAMBRIDGESHIRE]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: CHESHIRE]
+
+[Illustration: CORNWALL.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: CUMBERLAND.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+[Illustration: DERBYSHIRE.]
+
+[Illustration:]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+ENGLAND AND WALES DELINEATED:
+
+HISTORICAL, ENTERTAINING, AND COMMERCIAL.
+
+EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERS SUBJOINED TO THE NAMES OF PLACES.
+
+   bo         borough
+   chap       chapelry
+   co         county
+   dis        district
+   div        division
+   ext. p.    extra parochial
+   ham        hamlet
+   hun        hundred
+   la         lathe
+   lib        liberty
+   m. t.      market town
+   pa         parish
+   pre        precinct
+   qr         quarter
+   ra         rape
+   ti         tithing
+   to         township
+   vil        village
+   wap        wapentake
+   ward       wardship
+   E.         East
+   W.         West
+   N.         North
+   S.         South
+   S.E.      South-East
+   S.W.      South-West
+   N.E.      North-East
+   N.W.      North-West
+
+E.R. York.--N.R. York.--or W.R. York ... East, North, or West Riding
+of Yorkshire.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.| County.  |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------+----------+------------+---------------+
+    34|Abbas Combe     pa|Somerset  |Wincanton  3|Milborne Port 6|
+    15|Abbenhall       pa|Gloucester|Newnham    4|Mitchel Dean  1|
+    33|Abberbury[A]    pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury 8|Melverly      3|
+    42|Abberley        pa|Worcester |Bewdley    6|Tenbury      11|
+    14|Abberton        pa|Essex     |Colchester 4|Witham       12|
+    42|Abberton        pa|Worcester |Pershore   6|Alcester      8|
+    29|Abberwick       to|Northumber|Alnwick    3|Wooler       14|
+    58|Abber-cwm-Hir chap|Radnor    |Rhayader   6|Knighton     15|
+     9|Abbey-Dore      pa|Hereford  |Hereford  11|Hay          14|
+    17|Abbey-Holm[B]   pa|Cumberland|Wigton     6|Allonby       7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+------------+---------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.| Number of Miles From      |Lond.|population.
+   +--+------------------+---------------------------+-----+-----+
+    34|Abbas Combe     pa|Shaftesbury               8|  105|  448|
+    15|Abbenhall       pa|Monmouth                 13|  116|  235|
+    33|Abberbury[A]    pa|Montgomery               15|  161| 1798|
+    42|Abberley        pa|Kidderminst               8|  125|  590|
+    14|Abberton        pa|Maldon                   13|   47|  203|
+    42|Abberton        pa|Worcester                10|  103|   90|
+    29|Abberwick       to|Rothbury                  7|  311|  135|
+    58|Abber-cwm-Hir chap|Presteign                18|  186|  368|
+     9|Abbey-Dore      pa|Ross                     16|  140|  533|
+    17|Abbey-Holm[B]   pa|Carlisle                 17|  309| 3056|
+   +--+------------------+---------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] ABBERBURY, or Alberbury, a parish and township, partly in the
+hundreds of Cawrse and Deythur, in the county of Montgomery, and partly
+in that of Ford, in the county of Salop. Warine, sheriff of this county
+in the reign of Henry I., founded an abbey for black monks, a cell to
+Guardmont, in Limosin, which, at the suppression of alien priories was
+bestowed by Henry VI. upon the college founded by Archbishop Chiechley.
+Benthall, Eyton, Rowton, Amaston, and Wollaston, are all townships of
+this parish. At Glyn, in this parish, is the celebrated Old Parr's
+cottage, which has undergone but little alteration since his time; it is
+timber-framed, rare, and picturesque, within view of Rodney's Pillar on
+Bredden Hill, in Montgomeryshire. In Wollaston Chapel is a brass plate,
+with his portrait thus inscribed: "The old, old, very old man, Thomas
+Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of Wennington, within the
+chapelry of Great Wollaston, and parish of Alberbury, in the county of
+Salop, in 1483. He lived in the reigns of ten kings and queens of
+England, viz. King Edward IV., King Edward V., King Richard III., King
+Henry VII., King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., Queen Mary, Queen
+Elizabeth, King James I., and Charles I.; he died in London, (sixteen
+years after his presentation to King Charles,) on the 13th of November,
+1635, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, on the 15th of the same
+month, aged one hundred and fifty-two years and nine months. At the age
+of one hundred and five, he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for
+criminal connexion with Catherine Milton, by whom he had offspring."
+
+[Sidenote: Old Parr's cottage and birth-place, who lived in the reigns
+of ten kings and queens.]
+
+[Sidenote: Did penance at the age of 105.]
+
+
+[B] ABBEY-HOLM is a small town in the ward of Allerdale. The original
+consequence of this little town was derived from an abbey of Cistercian
+monks, founded here, about the twelfth century, by Henry I. of England,
+as the crown rolls imply. Its benefactors were many in number, and by
+the magnificent grants and privileges with which it was endowed, it
+acquired so much importance, that during the reigns of Edward I. and II.
+its abbots, though not mitred, were frequently summoned to sit in
+parliament. The abbey was pillaged and burnt during the incursion of
+Robert Bruce, but afterwards rebuilt with great magnificence; few
+vestiges, however, of its monastic buildings now remain. From the ruins
+the Parochial Chapel was formed, and there yet stands a part of the
+church in its original form. During the reign of Henry VIII. the abbey
+was chiefly dilapidated; the church continued in good condition till the
+year 1600, when the steeple, one hundred and fourteen feet high,
+suddenly fell down, and by its fall destroyed great part of the chancel.
+Its total ruin was nearly accomplished by an accidental fire five years
+afterwards. This fire took place on April 18, 1604, and was occasioned
+by a servant carrying a live coal into the roof of the church, to search
+for an iron chisel; the boisterous wind blew the coal out of his hand
+into a daw's nest, by which the whole was ignited, and within less than
+three hours it consumed both the body of the chancel and the whole
+church, except the south side of the low church, which was saved by
+means of a stone vault. Almost due-west from Abbey-Holm, in a strong
+situation near the sea coast, are some remains of Wulstey Castle, a
+fortress, which was erected by the abbots to secure their treasures,
+books, and charters from the sudden depredations of the Scots. "In this
+castle," observes Camden, "tradition reports, that the magic works of
+Sir Michael Scot (or Scotus), were preserved, till they were mouldering
+into dust. He professed a religious life here about the year 1290, and
+became so versed in the mathematics, and other abstruse sciences, that
+he obtained the character of a magician, and was believed, in that
+credulous age, to have performed many miracles." The story of Michael
+Scot forms a beautiful episode in Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel,"
+the notes to which furnish some curious information respecting that
+extraordinary personage. Sir Michael Scot, of Balwearie, we are told,
+flourished during the thirteenth century, and was one of the ambassadors
+sent to bring the Maid of Norway to Scotland, upon the death of
+Alexander III. His memory survives in many a legend; and in the south of
+Scotland, any work of great labour and antiquity is ascribed either to
+the agency of auld Michael, of Sir William Wallace, or the devil. The
+following are amongst the current traditions concerning Michael
+Scot:--He was chosen, it is said, to go upon an embassy, to obtain from
+the King of France satisfaction for certain piracies committed by his
+subjects upon those of Scotland. Instead of preparing a new equipage and
+splendid retinue, he evoked a fiend in the shape of a huge black horse,
+mounted upon his back, and forced him to fly through the air towards
+France. When he arrived at Paris, he tied his horse to the gate of the
+palace, and boldly delivered his message. An ambassador with so little
+of the pomp and circumstance of diplomacy was not received with much
+respect, and the king was about to return a contemptuous refusal to his
+demand, when Michael besought him to suspend his resolution till he had
+seen his horse stamp three times: the first stamp shook every steeple in
+Paris, and caused all the bells to ring; the second threw down three of
+the towers of the palace; and the infernal steed had lifted up his hoof
+to give the third stamp, when the king rather chose to dismiss Michael,
+with the most ample concessions, than to stand to the probable
+consequences. Another time, it is said that, while residing at the tower
+of Oakwood, upon the Ettrick, about three miles above Selkirk, having
+heard of the fame of a sorceress, called the Witch of Falsehope, who
+lived on the opposite side of the river, Michael went one morning to put
+her skill to the test, but was disappointed by her positively denying
+any knowledge of the necromantic art. In his discourse with her, he laid
+his wand inadvertently on the table which the hag observing, suddenly
+snatched it up and struck him with it. Feeling the force of the charm,
+he rushed out of the house; but as it had conferred on him the external
+appearance of a hare, his servant, who waited without, hallooed upon the
+discomfited wizard his own greyhounds, and pursued him so close, that,
+in order to obtain a moment's breathing to reverse the charm, Michael,
+after a very fatiguing course, was fain to take refuge in his own common
+sewer.
+
+   _Fair_, October 29, for horses and horned cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey destroyed by the accidental firing of a daw's
+nest.]
+
+[Sidenote: Michael Scot, the magician.]
+
+[Sidenote: Scottish legends.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fiend horse.]
+
+[Sidenote: French King's concession.]
+
+[Sidenote: The witch of Falsehope.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.|     Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+    16|Abbots Ann        pa|Hants   |Andover     2|Salisbury  16|
+    11|Abbots Bickington pa|Devon   |Holsworthy  6|Torrington  9|
+    35|Abbots Bromley[A] pa|Stafford|Uttoxeter   7|Lichfield  10|
+    12|Abbotsbury[B]     pa|Dorset  |Dorchester 10|Bridport   10|
+   +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+--------+-------------+-----+-------+
+    16|Abbots Ann        pa|Stockbridge          6|   66|    562|
+    11|Abbots Bickington pa|Hartland            13|  220|     77|
+    35|Abbots Bromley[A] pa|tafford             11| 1129|   1621|
+    12|Abbotsbury[B]     pa|Weymouth            10|  127|    874|
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] ABBOTS BROMLEY. The hobby-horse dance, an ancient custom, was
+observed here till the civil war.--Ten or twelve of the dancers carried,
+on their shoulders, deers' heads, painted with the arms of Paget, Bagot,
+and Welles, to whom the chief property of the town belonged. The horns
+yet hang up in the church, but the custom is now discontinued. The
+parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty, and Bromley Hurst township.
+Bagot's park is the deer-park of Lord Bagot, whose seat is at
+Blithefield.
+
+   _Market, Tuesday._--_Fairs_, Tuesday before Mid-lent Sunday, May 22,
+   September 4, for horses and horned cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Hobby-horse dance]
+
+
+[B] ABBOTSBURY consists of a single parish, divided into three streets,
+nearly in the form of the letter Y, lying in a valley surrounded and
+protected by bold hills near the sea. There is a tradition that this
+place was called Abodesbyry by St. Peter himself, in the infancy of
+Christianity, but it is more probably supposed to have derived its name
+from the magnificent abbey, originally founded here, in the early part
+of the eleventh century. The ruins of the abbey (which was once large
+and splendid, but is now nearly demolished), consist of a large barn, a
+stable, supposed to have been the dormitory, a porch which belonged to
+the conventual church, the principal entrance, a portion of the walls,
+and two buildings conjectured to have been used for domestic purposes.
+The barn, which, when entire, was the largest in the county, is now so
+dilapidated, that only a part of it can be used. The church, in which
+Orcus and his wife, the founders, were buried, is, with the exception of
+the porch and a pile of ruins under some neighbouring elms, totally
+destroyed; but the numerous chantries and chapels which belonged to it
+sufficiently prove its ancient magnificence. On an eminence, at a short
+distance from the town, stands a small building called St. Catherine's
+Chapel, which is supposed to have been erected about the time of Edward
+IV., and which from its height and lofty situation, serves both for a
+sea and land mark. Abbotsbury Church appears to have been built a short
+time before the reformation; the pulpit is pierced by musket balls, said
+to have been fired by Cromwell's soldiers, at the officiating minister,
+whom, however, they missed. But it is more likely to have occurred at
+the time of Sir Anthony Astley Cooper's attack on the royalists, at the
+siege of Sir John Strangeway's house, in 1651. About a mile to the
+south-west of Abbotsbury, is the "decoy," where great quantities of wild
+fowl are annually taken. But the object which most engages the attention
+of strangers, in the neighbourhood of this town, is the celebrated
+"swannery," which, not long since, was the property of the Earl of
+Ilchester. In the open or broad space of the fleet are kept six or seven
+hundred swans, formerly one thousand five hundred, including hoppers--a
+small species of swans, who feed and range, and return home again.
+
+_Fair_, July 10, for sheep and toys.
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition of St. Peter]
+
+[Sidenote: A ruined abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Catherine's chapel, a sea mark.]
+
+[Sidenote: Wild fowl decoy, and swannery.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+    11|Abbotsham    m.t.& pa|Devon     |Bideford     2| Torrington   7|
+    44|Abbotside, H.&Low  pa|N.R. York |Askrigg      0| Middleham    7|
+    34|Abbotts Isle       pa|Somerset  |Ilminster    4| Ilchester   11|
+    11|Abbotts Kerswell   pa|Devon     |Newton Bush  2| Totness      7|
+    18|Abbotts Langley[A] pa|Herts     |St. Albans   4| Watford      4|
+    34|Abbots Leigh       pa|Somerset  |Bristol      3| Bedminster   3|
+    15|Abbotsley          pa|Hunts     |St. Neots    4| Huntingdon  12|
+    42|Abbots Morton      pa|Worcester |Evesham      4| Alcester     8|
+    12|Abbots Stoke       pa|Dorset    |Beaminster   3| Crewkerne   10|
+    16|Abbotston          pa|Hants     |Alresford    4| Basingstoke 12|
+    33|Abdon              pa|Salop     |Ludlow       9| Bridgenorth 11|
+    53|Abenbury Fecham    to|Flintshire|Wrexham      4| Chester     10|
+    52|Abenbury Vawr      to|Denbigh   |Wrexham      3| Llangollen  12|
+    50|Aber[B]            pa|Caernavon |Bangor       6| Aberconway   9|
+    51|Aberaeron          to|Cardigan  |Aberystwith 17| Lampeter    14|
+    51|Aberarth     vil & pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter    14| Aberystwith 14|
+    56|Aber Bechan        to|Montgomery|Newtown      2| Montgomery   7|
+    52|Abercwhiler        to|Denbigh   |Denbigh      4| St. Asaph    3|
+    54|Aberavon [C] bo. & pa|Glamorgan |Neath        6| Bridgend    14|
+    48|Aberbaidon         am|Brecknock |Abergavenny  5| Crickhowel   3|
+    50|Aberconway [D]   m.t.|Caernarvon|Bangor      15| Llanrwst    12|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+    11|Abbotsham    m.t.& pa|Barnstaple            10|   204|      386|
+    44|Abbotside, H.&Low  pa|Richmond              12|   208|      762|
+    34|Abbotts Isle       pa|Taunton               10|   133|      380|
+    11|Abbotts Kerswell   pa|Torquay                6|   189|      442|
+    18|Abbotts Langley[A] pa|Hemel Hemp             6|    17|     1980|
+    34|Abbots Leigh       pa|Keynsham               9|   116|      360|
+    15|Abbotsley          pa|Potton                 4|    58|      369|
+    42|Abbots Morton      pa|Pershore               6|    99|      236|
+    12|Abbots Stoke       pa| Bridport              6|   143|      587|
+    16|Abbotston          pa|Winchester             9|    57|      248|
+    33|Abdon              pa|Ch. Stretton           9|   153|      170|
+    53|Abenbury Fecham    to|Mold                   7|   187|      111|
+    52|Abenbury Vawr      to|Mold                   8|   187|      214|
+    50|Aber[B]            pa|Caernarvon            15|   240|      552|
+    51|Aberaeron          to|Cardigan              23|   208|      ...|
+    51|Aberarth     vil & pa|Tregaron              13|   222|      976|
+    56|Aber Bechan        to|Welsh Pool            11|   178|      ...|
+    52|Abercwhiler        to|Caerwys                4|   208|      487|
+    54|Aberavon [C] bo. & pa|Swansea               11|   192|      572|
+    48|Aberbaidon         am|Brecon                14|   148|     1781|
+    50|Aberconway [D]   m.t.| Caernarvon           24|   236|     1245|
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+------+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABBOTTS LANGLEY. Before the Conquest, and till the dissolution of
+the monasteries, this place was in the possession of the abbots of St.
+Albans. About the time of Henry I., Nicholas Breakspear, a native of
+this place, was advanced to the rank of cardinal, and at length became
+pope, by the title of Adrian IV.; being the only Englishman that ever
+attained that dignity. He died, not without suspicion of poison, in
+1158.
+
+[Sidenote: Englishman made Pope.]
+
+
+[B] ABER (which signifies the mouth of a river, port, or harbour) is
+situated on the river Gwyngregyr, which here discharges itself into the
+Irish Sea. The native Welsh princes had a palace at this place, some
+remains of which are shewn as the residence of Llewelyn ap Griffith. It
+is one of the ferries to Anglesea, and a convenient place from which to
+visit the formidable Penmaen Mawr mountain. The passage from hence
+across the Laven Sands to Beaumaris is by no means safe, as the sands
+frequently shift; but the large bell of this village is constantly rung
+in foggy weather, in the hope that its sound may serve to direct those
+whom imperious necessity obliges to cross under all disadvantages. Two
+miles from this pleasing village, following the banks of the stream,
+which flows through highly picturesque scenery, there is a most romantic
+glen, and a very fine waterfall; the upper part of this cataract is
+sometimes broken into three or four divisions, by the rugged force of
+the impending cliff, but the lower one forms a broad sheet, and descends
+about sixty feet, in a very grand style.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 3.15 A.M., departs 9.32 P.M.--_Inn_, Bull.
+
+[Sidenote: Ferry to Anglesea.]
+
+[Sidenote: Laven sands dangerous. The bell constantly tolled in foggy
+weather.]
+
+[Sidenote: Romantic glen, and waterfall.]
+
+
+[C] ABERAVON is situated at the mouth of the river Avon, on Swansea Bay,
+and has a harbour for small vessels. Although no charter exists for a
+market, one has been held here, more than a century past. There is a
+ridiculous belief, amongst the people of this place, that every
+Christmas Day, and that day alone, a large salmon presents himself in
+the river, and allows himself to be caught and handled by any one who
+chooses; but it would be considered an act of impiety to detain him.
+
+   _Fair_, April 30.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular account of a Salmon.]
+
+
+[D] ABERCONWAY is an ancient fortified town, beautifully situated upon
+the estuary of the river Conway. The town is nearly of a triangular
+shape, and is thought by some to have been the Conovium of the Romans.
+The annals of this place commence no earlier than with the history of
+its castle, which was erected in 1284, by command of Edward I., as a
+security against the insurrections of the Welsh. Soon after its
+erection, the royal founder was besieged in it, and the garrison almost
+reduced by famine to surrender, when they were extricated by the arrival
+of a fleet with provision. At the commencement of the civil wars, it
+was garrisoned on behalf of the king, by Dr. John Williams, Archbishop
+of York. In 1645 he gave the government of the castle to his nephew,
+William Hookes. Two years after, Prince Rupert superseded the Archbishop
+in the command of North Wales. He endeavoured to obtain redress from the
+king, but failed. Enraged at this injury, he joined Mytton, and assisted
+in the reduction of the place. The town was taken by storm, August 15,
+1646, but the castle did not surrender till November 10. This fortress
+remained in tranquillity till a grant was made of it, by King Charles,
+to the Earl of Conway and Kilulta; when he had scarcely obtained
+possession, before he ordered an agent to remove the timber, iron, lead,
+and other materials. It was held on lease, by Owen Holland, Esq. from
+the crown, at an annual rent of six shillings and eightpence, and a dish
+of fish to Lord Holland, as often as he passed through the town. Thus,
+unprotected, it has suffered material injuries from wind and weather,
+and is reduced to a state of rapid decay. The ruins are remarkably
+picturesque, and very extensive. The town was surrounded by high massive
+walls, twelve feet thick, strengthened at intervals by twenty-four
+circular and semi-circular towers; these, with the four principal
+gateways, remain in tolerable preservation. There are scarcely any
+remains of the Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, in
+1185. The church contains a few modern monuments, belonging to the
+family of the Wynnes, formerly of this place. The font appears ancient;
+it is composed of black marble, curiously carved, and supported by a
+cluster of pilasters, standing upon a pedestal. In Castle Street is a
+very old house, called the college, which has a singular window,
+decorated with several coats of arms of the Stanley family. A day school
+is also kept in an ancient mansion, called Plas Mawr, situated near the
+market place, which was erected in 1585, by Robert Wynne, Esq. of
+Gwyder. The river Conway rises out of Llyn Conway, at the south
+extremity of the county, in the mountains of Penmachno. The ferry is of
+importance, as it lies upon one of the great roads from London to
+Ireland, but is justly considered a dangerous passage, and many are the
+accidents which have occurred. On Christmas Day, 1806, the boat
+conveying the Irish mail coach, was lost, and all the passengers,
+including the coachman and guard, were drowned, except two. At the
+Ferry-house a noble bay is formed where the tide enters the river. In
+this view, indeed, there are all the ingredients of a sublime and
+beautiful landscape. Few rivers, in England or Wales, in so short a
+course as twenty-nine miles, present so great a variety of beautiful
+scenery. Below Luna Hall, the falls of the Conway exhibit a noble
+cataract, about fifty feet; the stream of water, shooting directly from
+one aperture in the solid rock to a considerable distance, descends into
+a rocky basin, surrounded by hanging woods. One mile below this town, at
+Trefriw, the river becomes navigable, and contributes to the supply of
+the surrounding county. In Conway town there still exists a pearl
+fishery, and a chain suspension bridge has been recently erected in lieu
+of a dangerous ferry. The vale of Conway teems with interesting objects.
+Upon the west side is the abrupt termination of the Snowdon chain, down
+the declivities of which, through innumerable chasms, fissures, and
+channels, rush the superfluous waters of the lakes above, to mingle with
+the parent ocean. The principal employment of the poor, in this
+neighbourhood, is gathering the different species of fuci, commonly
+called sea-wreck, thrown up by the tide, or growing upon the breakers.
+This wreck they put into a kind of square fireplace, made upon the sand,
+and heat it till it becomes a liquid and forms a cake; when further
+baked or burnt it resembles cinders, and is called barilla or impure
+fossil alkali; in this state it is sold to manufacturers of soap and
+glass.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, March 26, April 30, June 20, August 19,
+   September 16, October 20, and November 15.--Inns, Harp, Bull's Head,
+   and White Lien.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M., departs 10-3/4 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: The Conovium of the Romans.]
+
+[Sidenote: Town taken by storm, in 1646.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious tenure--6s. 8d. and a dish of fish.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cistercian Abbey, founded by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth in 1185.]
+
+[Sidenote: The ferry considered dangerous; loss of the Irish mail and 14
+passengers, in 1806.]
+
+[Sidenote: Falls of the Conway present a noble cataract, shooting from a
+solid rock.]
+
+[Sidenote: Pearl fishery and suspension bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Manufactory of barilla.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | County.  |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    54|Aberdare[A]           pa|Glamorg   |Mer. Tydvil 6|Bridgend   18|
+    50|Aberdaron             pa|Caernarvon|Pwllheli   16|Nevin      16|
+    54|Aberddaw, East       ham|Glamorg   |Cowbridge   5|Bridgend   10|
+    55|Aberdyfi              to|Merion    |Aberystwith 9|Towyn       5|
+    58|Aberedwy[B]           pa|Radnor    |Builth      4|Hay        12|
+    56|Abererch              pa|Caernarvon|Pwllheli    3|Crickieth   8|
+    45|Aberford[C]   m.t. &  pa|W.R. York |Tadcaster   6|Leeds       8|
+    47|Aberffraw             pa|Anglesea  |Bangor     17|Newborough  6|
+    26|Abergavenny[D] m.t. & pa|Monmouth  |Monmouth   17|Crickhowell 7|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From    |Lond.|population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    54|Aberdare[A]           pa|Brecon                20|  182|     3961|
+    50|Aberdaron             pa|Bardsey Isle           5|  258|     1389|
+    54|Aberddaw, East       ham|Llandaff              12|  179|      ...|
+    55|Aberdyfi              to|Machynlleth            9|  217|      ...|
+    58|Aberedwy[B]           pa|Radnor                13|  169|      344|
+    56|Abererch              pa|Nevin                  8|  234|     1365|
+    45|Aberford[C]   m.t. &  pa|Ferry Bridge           9|  186|      925|
+    47|Aberffraw             pa|Holyhead              12|  258|     1367|
+    26|Abergavenny[D] m.t. & pa|Usk                    9|  145|     4230|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABERDARE. _Fairs_, for cattle, April 19, Whit-Monday, November 14.
+
+
+[B] ABEREDWY. This delightful village derived its name from its
+situation, near the junction of the River Wye and Edwy. Nothing in
+nature can exceed the beauty of the neighbouring scenery. The Edwy
+descends through lofty walls of rock; in some places, broken into crags,
+which frightfully overhang the abyss. Near the place are the ruins of a
+castle, the retreat of the last native Welsh Prince, Llewelyn ap
+Gruffydd. The object of Llewelyn's journey to Aberedwy was to consult
+the chief persons of the district, upon the best means of successfully
+opposing the King of England, then invading Wales. On his arrival he
+found himself disappointed. Instead of meeting with friends, he was
+surrounded by the enemy. Edmund Mortimer and John Gyfford, acquainted
+with his route, marched from Herefordshire, with their troops to meet
+him. The enemy were numerous--resistance was in vain--Llewelyn withdrew
+to Builth. The mountains being covered with snow, he caused the shoes of
+his horse to be reversed, in order to baffle pursuit, but the
+treacherous _smith_ betrayed him. Llewelyn broke down the bridge of
+Builth, but was closely followed by the English forces, who fruitlessly
+attempted to gain it. Sir Elias Walwyn crossed the river, with a
+detachment, about eight miles below, at a place called Little Tom's
+Ferry Boat, and coming unexpectedly on the Welsh army, routed them.
+Llewelyn himself was attacked and slain, unarmed, in a narrow valley,
+not two hundred yards from the scene of action. Adam Francton, the
+murderer of Llewelyn, took no notice of his victim, but joined in the
+pursuit of the Welsh. Returning with the view of plundering the slain,
+he discovered the wounded person was no other than the Prince of Wales;
+for on stripping him, he found a letter in cipher and his privy seal.
+The brutal Francton, overjoyed that the Welsh prince had fallen into his
+hands, cut off his head, and sent it to the King of England, and thus
+perished the last native Prince of Wales.
+
+[Sidenote: Ruined castle--the retreat of Llewelyn, the last native
+Prince of Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: His horses shoes reversed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Betrayed by his smith.]
+
+[Sidenote: His army routed, and himself slain.]
+
+[Sidenote: His head sent to the King of England.]
+
+
+[C] ABERFORD is situated upon the River Cock, on the great northern
+road, on the banks of which river was fought the famous battle of
+Towton, in 1461, so called from a village in the vicinity. The town
+consists of a long straggling street, in the north of which are the
+remains of a Norman fortification, called Castle Carey; and the whole is
+in the line of the ancient Roman road. This town is curiously situated,
+as respects township: the west side is in Aberford-cum-Parlington; the
+east of the same end is Lotherton-cum-Aberford, and the north of the
+river is Aberford alone.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 4.11 P.M., departs 8.46 A.M.--_Inn_,
+   Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Here the famous battle of Towton was fought.]
+
+
+[D] ABERGAVENNY, (the ancient Gobanium of the Romans,) and its environs,
+have strong claims to the traveller's attention. Its castle and
+delightful terrace overlook the rich vale of Usk; its church, abounding
+in costly sculptured tombs, its beautifully variegated mountains, all
+conspire to render this place particularly attractive. This town was
+once fortified, and many portions of the work remain, particularly
+Tudor's Gate. The western entrance is furnished with two portcullises,
+and remarkable for the beautifully composed landscape seen through it.
+The style of building which forms the remains of this fortress marks its
+origin to have been subsequent to the Norman epoch. Excursions are
+frequently made to Blaenavon Iron Works, about six miles distant, which
+employ upwards of four thousand men. The mountainous territory
+containing these mineral treasures of iron, was demised by the crown to
+the Earl of Abergavenny, and is held under a lease by Hill and Co. A
+principal excursion from Abergavenny is that which leads northwards to
+Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin, seated in a deep recess of the black
+mountains, at the very extremity of Monmouthshire. Abergavenny is a
+place of much resort, being the thoroughfare from the west of Wales to
+Bath, Bristol, and Gloucestershire. Its principal manufacture is
+flannel, and its annual fairs for cattle are well attended.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 2 P.M., departs 11 A.M.--INNS, Angel, and
+   Greyhound.--_Bankers_, Hill and Co., draw upon Esdaile and
+   Co.,--Jones and Co., draw upon Williams and Co.--_Fairs_, May 14,
+   lean cattle and sheep; 1st Monday after Trinity, linen and woollen
+   cloths; September 25, horses, hogs, and flannel.--_Market_ Tuesday.
+
+[Sidenote: Gobanium of the Romans.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tudor's Gate.]
+
+[Sidenote: Blaenavon Iron Works. 4000 men employed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Llanthony Abbey, a majestic ruin in the black mountains.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | County   |    Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+    26|Abergavenny          hun|Monmouth  |      ...     |     ...       |
+    52|Abergele       m.t. & pa|Denbigh   |St. Asaph    7|Holywell     17|
+    49|Abergorlech         chap|Caermar   |Llandilo Var 7|Lampeter      9|
+    49|Abergwilley      to & pa|Caermar   |Caermar      2|Llandilo Var 15|
+    56|Aberhafesp            pa|Montgomery|Newton,      3|Llanydloes   11|
+    56|Aberhaly              to|Montgomery|Llanfair     6|Newton        5|
+    49|Abermarles            to|Caermar   |Llandovery   7|Llangadock    3|
+    48|Aberlyfni            ham|Brecknock |Hay          4|Brecon       11|
+    49|Abernant              pa|Caermar   |Caermar      4|Llaugharne   10|
+    54|Aberpergwm          chap|Glamorg   |Neath       10|Brecon       20|
+    56|Aber-Rhiw             pa|Montgomery|Welsh Pool   5|Montgomery    4|
+    51|Aber-Porth            pa|Cardigan  |Cardigan     7|Newcastle     9|
+    48|Aberyskir             pa|Brecknock |Brecon       4|Llandovery   16|
+    51|Aberystwith[A] m.t. & pa|Cardigan  |Tregaron    15|Machynlleth  18|
+    26|Aberystwith    pa & chap|Monmouth  |Abergaven    7|Crickhowell   7|
+     4|Abingdon[B]         m.t.|Berks     |Oxford       6|Wallingford  11|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |  Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+-------------------------+---------------+
+    26|Abergavenny          hun|Monmouth  |   ...        | ... |    30818|
+    52|Abergele       m.t. & pa|Denbigh   |Aberconway  12|  224|     2506|
+    49|Abergorlech         chap|Caermar   |Caermar     14|  209|      ...|
+    49|Abergwilley      to & pa|Caermar   |Newcastle   16|  214|     2675|
+    56|Aberhafesp            pa|Montgomery|Llanfair    10|  180|      535|
+    56|Aberhaly              to|Montgomery|Montgomery  10|  180|      ...|
+    49|Abermarles            to|Caermar   |Lampeter    14|  198|      ...|
+    48|Aberlyfni            ham|Brecknock |Builth      12|  160|      100|
+    49|Abernant              pa|Caermar   |Newcastle   11|  222|      654|
+    54|Aberpergwm          chap|Glamorg   |Merthyr Tyd 13|  188|      ...|
+    56|Aber-Rhiw             pa|Montgomery|Newtown      9|  172|     2429|
+    51|Aber-Porth            pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter    24|  235|      485|
+    48|Aberyskir             pa|Brecknock |Builth      14|  173|      110|
+    51|Aberystwith[A] m.t. & pa|Cardigan  |Aberllelwyn  5|  208|     4128|
+    26|Aberystwith    pa & chap|Monmouth  |Pontypool    8|  153|     5992|
+     4|Abingdon[B]         m.t.|Berks     |Wantage     10|   56|     5259|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------+--------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ABERYSTWITH, a market town and seaport in the hundred of Glenaur
+Glynn, and also a township in the parish of Llanbadarn Vawr. It is
+situated at the confluence of the rivers Ystwith and Rhyddol, at which
+the former falls into the sea in the bay of Cardigan. The building of a
+castle, of which some vestiges remain, is attributed to Edward I. It
+stands on a craggy eminence projecting into the sea at the west of the
+town, and affords a magnificent view of the whole line of Welsh coast
+within the bay of Cardigan. The streets are steep and uneven.--The
+houses, which are principally formed of dark slate, present a very
+singular appearance. For some years past its celebrity, as a summer
+retreat and bathing-place, has been annually increasing, which is
+greatly contributed to by the beauty of the neighbourhood, and the
+commanding prospects around. The roads to it have been made excellent,
+and the customary amusements of plays and assemblies during the season
+add to the attractions for summer visitants. There was formerly a
+herring fishery, and the practice of fishing is still carried on with
+considerable advantage by the natives. About seven miles north of
+Aberystwith, on the sea coast, a considerable extent of land, has, by
+drainage, been recovered; twelve miles of embankment have been formed;
+and two navigable cuts, with a road of three miles and a stone bridge
+completed.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 7 A.M. departs 5 P.M.--_Fairs_, 1st Monday in May and
+   November, chiefly for hiring servants.--_Bankers_, W. Davis and Co.,
+   draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Gogerddon Arms, Old Lion, and
+   Talbot.--_Markets_, Monday and Saturday.
+
+[Sidenote: Fine bathing place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Twelve miles of embankment.]
+
+
+[B] ABINGDON, at the very edge of the county of Berkshire, was called
+Shovesham, by the Anglo-Saxons, until the foundation of the abbey, from
+which period it began to assume the name of Abbandeen, or the Town of
+the Abbey. This monastery, the monks of which were Benedictines, was
+founded by Cissa, an Anglo-Saxon monarch, in 675. During the reign of
+Alfred it was demolished by the Danes, and remained in ruins till King
+Edgar partly restored it, in 954. Ethelwold, the abbot at that time,
+erected and embellished the church, and his successors contributed to
+its increase. After the Conquest, the wealth and grandeur of the abbey
+were equal to any similar foundation in England. William the Conqueror
+kept Easter in the abbey, A.D. 1084; and here was educated his youngest
+son, Henry, surnamed Beauclerc, afterwards King Henry I., in whose
+reign, one of the most eminent characters who received sepulture within
+the abbey, was the celebrated Jeffery of Monmouth, author of the British
+History,--a work, from which some of our best poets have derived
+materials for their sublime compositions. Shakspeare's Lear, and
+Milton's Comus, were both supplied from Jeffery's history. He flourished
+in the reign of Henry I. Among the natives of Abingdon, whose talents
+have rendered their possessors eminent, was Sir John Mason, a statesman
+of the sixteenth century. His memory is the more worthy to be revered,
+because, from a very obscure origin, his genius and perseverance
+advanced him to the rank of privy-counsellor, ambassador to France, and
+chancellor of the University of Oxford. His father was a cow-herd and
+his mother, sister to one of the abbey monks, who attended to his early
+tuition, and sent him to Oxford, where he became a fellow of All Souls'
+college. While in this situation, the liveliness of his temper
+occasioned him to be chosen to compliment Henry VIII. on his visit to
+the University, in the year 1523, which being executed in a most
+graceful manner, engaged the favour of the monarch, who promoted him to
+the honourable offices above-mentioned. He died in 1566, and was buried
+in St. Paul's cathedral.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 2.49 A.M., departs 12.10 A.M.--_Fairs_, 1st Monday in
+   Lent, May 6, June 20, August 6, September 19, cattle; Monday before
+   Old Michaelmas, statute, and December 11, horses and
+   cattle.--_Bankers_, Knapp and Co., draw on Williams and Co.--_Inns_,
+   Crown and Thistle, and Queen's Arms.--_Markets_, Monday and Friday.
+
+[Sidenote: Monastery of Benedictine monks.]
+
+[Sidenote: William the Conqueror kept Easter, and his son was educated
+here. Jeffery of Monmouth buried in the abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir J. Mason, born here--his father a cow-herd.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County   |      Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
+    37|Abinger              pa|Surrey    |Dorking      4|Guildford      10|
+    15|Abinghall            pa|Gloucester|Newnham      6|Mitchel Dean    1|
+    28|Abington             pa|Northam   |Northam      2|Wellingboro     9|
+     6|Abington, Gt.& Lit.  pa|Cambridge |Linton       3|Cambridge       9|
+     6|Abington in the Clay pa|Cambridge |Royston      5|Potton          7|
+    23|Ab Kettleby          pa|Leicester |Melton Mow   3|Leicester      16|
+    15|Ablington            ti|Gloucester|Fairford     5|Cirencester     7|
+    10|Abney               ham|Derby     |Tideswell    5|Sheffield      14|
+    49|Above Sawdde        ham|Caermar   |Llangadock   1|Llandovery      7|
+    22|Above Town          div|Lancashire|Garstang    11|Burton         11|
+    22|Abram                to|Lancashire|Wigan        4|Bolton          9|
+    15|Abson with Wick    chap|Gloucester|Bristol      8|Sodbury         5|
+    21|Abthorp            chap|Northam   |Towcester    3|Brackley        9|
+    54|Aburthin             pa|Glamorg   |Llantrissant 8|Bridgend        7|
+    24|Aby                  pa|Lincoln   |Alford       2|Louth           9|
+    46|Acaster Malbis       pa|W.R. York |York         4|Selby           8|
+    46|Acaster Selby        to|W.R. York |  ...        5| ...            7|
+    22|Accrington, New      to|Lancaster |Blackburn    4|Haslingden      5|
+    22|Accrington, Old    chap|Lancaster |  ...        6| ...            4|
+    30|Achurch              pa|Northam   |Thrapston    4|Oundle          4|
+    43|Acklam               pa|N.R. York |New Malton   6|Gt. Driffield  15|
+    44|Acklam             chap|N.R. York |Yarm         5|Stockton        3|
+    28|Acklington           to|Northum   |Alnwick      8|Morpeth        13|
+    45|Ackton               to|W.R. York |Pontefract   3|Wakefield       5|
+    45|Ackworth[A]          pa|W.R. York |  ...        3| ...            7|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-----------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----------+
+    37|Abinger              pa|Ockley                  5|    2|        767|
+    15|Abinghall            pa|Monmouth               12|  118|        235|
+    28|Abington             pa|Moulton                 3|   67|        155|
+     6|Abington, Gt. & Lit. pa|Newmarket              12|   50|        594|
+     6|Abington in the Clay pa|Cambridge              15|   42|        259|
+    23|Ab Kettleby          pa|Loughboro              13|  108|        331|
+    15|Ablington            ti|Northleach              7|   85|        103|
+    10|Abney               ham|Chapel-Frith            8|  164|        112|
+    49|Above Sawdde        ham|Llandilo Var            8|  195|        803|
+    22|Above Town          div|KirkbyLons             15|  240|        591|
+    22|Abram                to|Chorley                11|  197|        511|
+    15|Abson with Wick    chap|Marshfield              4|  107|        824|
+    21|Abthorp            chap|Banbury                15|   63|        477|
+    54|Aburthin             pa|Cowbridge               1|  173|        ...|
+    24|Aby                  pa|Horncastle             12|  142|        204|
+    46|Acaster Malbis       pa|Tadcaster               8|  190|        707|
+    46|Acaster Selby        to| ...                    8|  190|        201|
+    22|Accrington, New      to|Burnley                 8|  208|       4960|
+    22|Accrington, Old    chap| ...                    6|  208|       1323|
+    30|Achurch              pa|Kettering              12|   73|        239|
+    43|Acklam               pa|York                   14|  210|        827|
+    44|Acklam             chap|Guisboro                9|  244|        371|
+    28|Acklington           to|Rothbury               13|  300|        285|
+    45|Ackton               to|Leeds                   9|  174|         51|
+    45|Ackworth[A]          pa| ...                   11|  174|       1660|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----------+
+
+
+[A] ACKWORTH is a parish and township, in the upper division of Osgold
+Cross Wapentake, nominally divided into higher and lower Ackworth. It is
+celebrated for its Quakers' School, which was purchased in 1777, with
+eighty-five acres of land, from the trustees of the Foundling Hospital,
+and rendered a seminary for the children of the more humble class of
+Friends. The number of pupils, is one hundred and eighty boys, and one
+hundred and twenty girls.
+
+[Sidenote: Quakers' school.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.       | County   |      Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+    27|Acle[A]       m. t. & pa|Norfolk   |Norwich    11|Yarmouth      9|
+    45|Acomb                 pa|W.R. York |York        2|Wetherby     10|
+    29|Acomb East            to|Northumb  |Corbridge  15|Aldston Moor  9|
+    29|Acomb West            to|Northumb  |  ...       5|             18|
+    17|Aconbury[B]         chap|Hereford  |Hereford    4|Ross          9|
+    21|Acrise                pa|Kent      |Folkstone   4|Dover         8|
+    7 |Acton            to & pa|Chester   |Nantwich    2|Tarporley     9|
+    7 |Acton                 to|Chester   |Northwich   4|Frodsham      7|
+    52|Acton                 to|Denbigh   |Wrexham     1|Holt          5|
+    25|Acton                 pa|Middlesex |Harrow      8|Brentford     3|
+    29|Acton                 to|Northumb  |Alnwick     8|Rothbury      8|
+    36|Acton                 pa|Suffolk   |Lavenham    3|Sudbury       3|
+    42|Acton Beauchamp       pa|Worcester |Bromyard    4|Worcester    11|
+    33|Acton Burnell[C] to & pa|Salop     |Wenlock     7|Shrewsbury    7|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                        |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.       | Number of Miles From   |Lond. |Population
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+------+
+    27|Acle[A]       m. t. & pa|Loddon                 8|   121|   820|
+    45|Acomb                 pa|New Malton            20|   201|   882|
+    29|Acomb East            to|Hexham                11|   275|    36|
+    29|Acomb West            to|  ...                  3|   275|   523|
+    17|Aconbury[B]         chap|Ledbury               14|   130|   163|
+    21|Acrise                pa|Canterbury            11|    67|   194|
+    7 |Acton            to & pa|Middlewich            11|   166|  3928|
+    7 |Acton                 to|Chester               15|   177|   309|
+    52|Acton                 to|  ...                  9|   190|   215|
+    25|Acton                 pa|Uxbridge              10|     5|  2453|
+    29|Acton                 to|Morpeth               10|   300|    91|
+    36|Acton                 pa|Bildeston              8|    57|   565|
+    42|Acton Beauchamp       pa|Ledbury               10|   122|   239|
+    33|ACTON Burnell[C] to & pa|Ch. Stretton           7|   155|   381|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ACLE. _Market_, Thursday.--_Fair_, Wednesday before Michaelmas day.
+
+
+[B] ACONBURY. At this place a nunnery of the order of St. Augustine was
+founded by Margery, wife of Walter de Lacey, in the reign of King John.
+The Cliffords were large benefactors to this house, which, at the
+dissolution, possessed _L75. 7s. 6d._ per annum. There are some remains
+yet standing, occupied as a farm house. On the summit of Aconbury Hill,
+a bold and extensive eminence, well wooded, and commanding a charming
+view over the adjacent county, are traces of a large encampment.
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery.]
+
+
+[C] ACTON BURNELL is celebrated for the remains of an ancient castle,
+founded by Robert Burnell, bishop of Bath and Wells, a man of eminent
+abilities, first treasurer, and afterwards chancellor of England, who
+was much employed by King Edward I. in Welsh affairs. He died at
+Berwick, in 1292, and was buried in the cathedral at Wells. The castle
+is a quadrangular building, with a square tower at each corner. The hall
+in which King Edward I. held his parliament, in 1283, was 183 feet long,
+by 41 broad, but the gable ends only remain. The Statutum de
+Mercatoribus enacted here, is from that circumstance better known as the
+Statute of Acton Burnell. The successor of the bishop, at the castle,
+was Sir Edward Burnell, son of Philip Burnell and Maud, daughter of
+Richard Arundel. He served in many actions in Scotland, under Edward I.,
+and always appeared in great splendour, attended by a chariot decked
+with banners of his arms. He was summoned to parliament from the fifth
+to the eighth year of Edward the second's reign, and died in 1315. In
+1346, the castle came into the possession of Nicholas Lord Burnell, who
+died in 1382, and is buried in the church under an altar tomb, inlaid
+with his effigy in brass. In the reign of Henry VI. the Lovell family
+were in possession of this estate, which was forfeited by Lord Lovell,
+in consequence of his adherence to King Richard III. Henry VII. being
+seated on the throne, granted Acton Burnell, together with other estates
+in this county, to Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford; after whose death it
+reverted to the crown, and Henry VIII. granted it to Thomas Howard, Earl
+of Surrey, distinguished for his valour at the battle of Flodden. Sir
+Humphrey Lee, of Langley, in this parish, was created a baronet, May 3,
+1620. Acton Burnell Park is now the residence of Sir Edward Joseph
+Smythe, Bart. whose family have been seated here from the time of
+Charles II., when Sir Edward Smythe, of Esh, in Durham, created a
+baronet, Feb. 23, 1660, married the daughter and heiress of Sir Richard
+Lee, Bart. of Langley. The mansion, on a verdant lawn, bordered by a
+shrubbery, presents a handsome elevation of fine white stone, having a
+noble Ionic portico, under which is the carriage entrance. Behind the
+house is the deer park, on a finely wooded eminence, affording one of
+the most beautiful prospects in the county. The chapelry of Ruckley and
+Langley is in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward I. held his parliament here in 1283.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Burnell's effigy in brass on the altar tomb.]
+
+[Sidenote: The seat of Sir E.J. Smythe.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.      | County   |         Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+     7|Acton Grange         to|Chester   |Warrington   4|Northwich    10|
+    15|Acton Iron           pa|Gloucester|Chip. Sodbu  2|Thornbury     7|
+    33|Acton Pigott       chap|Salop     |Much Wenlo   6|Shrewsbury    8|
+    33|Acton Reynold        to|Salop     |Shrewsbury   8|Wem           6|
+    33|Acton Round        chap|Salop     |Wenlock      3|Bridgenorth   6|
+    33|Acton Scott          pa|Salop     |Ch. Stretton 4|Bish. Castle 10|
+    35|Acton Trussell  to & pa|Stafford  |Penkridge    3|Stafford      4|
+    15|Acton Turville     chap|Gloucester|Tetbury     11|Chippenham   12|
+    35|Adbaston             pa|Stafford  |Eccleshall  14|Newport       5|
+    31|Adderbury East  to & pa|Oxford    |Banbury      3|Deddington    3|
+    33|Adderley             pa|Salop     |Drayton      4|Whitchurch    8|
+    29|Adderston            to|Northumb  |Beiford      3|Alnwick      12|
+    17|Adforton             to|Hereford  |Ludlow       8|Presteign     8|
+     9|Addingham            pa|Cumberland|Kirk Oswald  2|Penrith       8|
+    45|Addingham            pa|W.R. York |Skipton      5|Ottley        8|
+    37|Addington[A]         pa|Surrey    |Croydon      4|Westerham    10|
+     5|Addington            pa|Bucks     |Winslow      2|Buckingham    5|
+    21|Addington            pa|Kent      |Maidstone    7|Rochester     8|
+    28|Addington, Gt   to & pa|Northamp  |Thrapston    4|Kettering     7|
+    28|Addington, Lit  to & pa|Northamp  |   ...       5|   ...        8|
+    21|Addisham             pa|Kent      |Wingham      3|Canterbury    6|
+    45|Addle[B]        to & pa|W.R. York |Leeds        5|Ottley        6|
+    46|Addle-cum-Eccup      to|W.R. York |             5|   ...        6|
+    45|Addlingfleet[C]      pa|W.R. York |Snaith      11|Burton        2|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                        |Dist.
+   Map| Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+     7|Acton Grange         to|Runcorn                 5|  183|      148|
+    15|Acton Iron           pa|Bristol                 9|  112|     1372|
+    33|Acton Pigott       chap|Ch. Stretton            9|  154|     ... |
+    33|Acton Reynold        to|Drayton                12|  152|      173|
+    33|Acton Round        chap|Ludlow                 17|  145|      203|
+    33|Acton Scott          pa|Ludlow                 10|  155|      204|
+    35|Acton Trussell  to & pa|Lichfield              15|  131|      551|
+    31|Acton Turville     chap|Sodbury                 5|  102|      236|
+    35|Adbaston             pa|Hodnet                  7|  152|      601|
+    31|Adderbury East  to & pa|Aynhoe                  4|   70|     2471|
+    33|Adderley             pa|Wem                    12|  157|      468|
+    29|Adderston            to|Wooler                 10|  319|      322|
+    17|Adforton             to|Knighton                8|  150|      218|
+     9|Addingham            pa|Aldstn Moor            12|  291|      719|
+    45|Addingham            pa|Keighley                5|  213|     2251|
+    37|Addington[A]         pa|Bromley                 5|   12|      463|
+     5|Addington            pa|Bicester               11|   50|       74|
+    21|Addington            pa|Wrotham                 3|   27|      206|
+    28|Addington, Gt   to & pa|Higam Ferrers           5|   70|      282|
+    28|Addington, Lit  to & pa|    ...                 5|   70|      264|
+    21|Addisham             pa|Sandwich                6|   62|      390|
+    45|Addle[B]        to & pa|Bradford                8|  205|     1063|
+    46|Addle-cum-Eccup      to| ...                    8|  291|      703|
+    45|Addlingfleet[C]      pa||Howden                 6|  170|      478|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ADDINGTON is on the borders of Kent. Addington Place, a seat erected
+by Alderman Trecothick, in 1772, was purchased in 1807, for the
+residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The manor of Addington is
+held by the feudal service of finding a man to make a mess, called
+Gerout, in the king's kitchen, at the coronation, and serving it up in
+his own person at Westminster Hall. In the reign of William the
+Conqueror, Addington appears to have been held by Tezelin, cook to the
+king, which accounts for the origin of the required culinary service.
+The Archbishop of Canterbury is now the claimant of the service alluded
+to. Near the village is a curious cluster of tumuli, or mounds of earth
+raised over the bodies of the slain, about twenty-five in number, of
+inconsiderable height. One of them is nearly forty feet in diameter, two
+are about half that size, and the rest very small.
+
+[Sidenote: Coronation custom.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cluster of tumuli.]
+
+
+[B] ADDLE. The church in this town is considered to be one of the most
+perfect specimens of Roman architecture remaining in England. In 1702,
+the traces of an ancient Roman town, with fragments of urns, and of an
+aqueduct of stone were found in the adjacent moor.
+
+[Sidenote: Roman architecture.]
+
+
+[C] ADDLINGFLEET. A parish and township in the lower division of Osgold
+Cross, including the townships of Fockerby, Haldenby, and Eastoft. The
+village is situated very near the junction of the Trent with the Humber,
+the latter river being one of the largest in the kingdom, formed by the
+united waters of the Trent, Ouse, Derwent, Aire, and other minor
+streams. At this part it is about a mile broad, it is the Abus of
+Ptolemy. It runs towards the east, washing the port of Hull, where it
+receives the river called by the same name; from thence, taking a
+south-easterly direction, it expands itself into an estuary nearly seven
+miles across, and mingles with the German ocean. This river, which, with
+very few exceptions, receives all the waters of Yorkshire from the Ouse,
+and the greater part of those from the midland counties from the Trent,
+commands the inland navigation of very extensive and commercial parts of
+England; namely, those of the Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Severn, Thames, and
+Avon; it also forms the boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
+
+[Sidenote: Boundary between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  | County   | Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+     7|Adlington        to|Cheshire  |Macclesfield 6|Stockport   6|
+    22|Adlington[A]     to|Lancaster |Wigan        4|Chorley     4|
+    24|Addlethorpe to & pa|Lincoln   |Alford       7|Spilsby    11|
+    15|Adlestrop        pa|Gloucester|Stow         4|Burford    11|
+    22|Admarsh        chap|Lancaster |Burton      11|Kirkby Lon 15|
+     5|Adstock          pa|Bucks     |Winslow      3|Buckingham  4|
+    28|Adstone         ham|Northamp  |Towcester    7|Daventry    8|
+     8|Advent         chap|Cornwall  |Camelford    2|Bodmin     10|
+    45|Adwalton[B]     ham|W.R. York |Bradford     4|Leeds       7|
+    31|Adwell           pa|Oxford    |Tetsworth    2|Thame       5|
+    45|Adwick-on-Dearne ch|W.R. York |Rotherham    6|Barnsley    8|
+    45|Adwick      pa & to|W.R. York |Doncaster    4|Thorne     10|
+    12|Aff-Piddle       pa|Dorset    |Dorchester   9|Bere Regis  4|
+     7|Agden            to|Chester   |Malpas       3|Whitchurch  3|
+     7|Agden            to|Chester   |Knutsford    6|Warrington 10|
+    43|Agelthorpe       to|N.R. York |Middleham    3|Bedale      6|
+     8|Agnes, St[C]    cha|Cornwall  |Truro        9|Redruth     7|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From     |Lond. |Population
+   +--+-------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+     7|Adlington        to|Altringham             10|     2|  1066|
+    22|Adlington[A]     to|Bolton                  9|   264|  1082|
+    24|Addlethorpe to & pa|Wainfleet               9|   134|   176|
+    15|Adlestrop        pa|Moreton                 6|    86|   196|
+    22|Admarsh        chap|Garstang               12|   240|  ... |
+     5|Adstock          pa|Bicester               11|    52|   445|
+    28|Adstone         ham|Brackley               10|    67|   166|
+     8|Advent         chap|Launceston             15|   230|   246|
+    45|Adwalton[B]     ham|Huddersfield            8|   192|  ... |
+    31|Adwell           pa|Watlington              4|    41|    48|
+    45|Adwick-on-Dearne ch|Doncaster               7|   167|   145|
+    45|Adwick      pa & to|Pontefract              9|   166|   918|
+    12|Aff-Piddle       pa|Blandford              12|   111|   442|
+     7|Agden            to|Nantwich               11|   177|   104|
+     7|Agden            to|Altringham              1|   179|    99|
+    43|Agelthorpe       to|Masham                  4|   226|   188|
+     8|Agnes, St[C]    cha|Falmouth               14|   256|  6642|
+   +--+-------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ADLINGTON. Through this township runs the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
+It contains several coal mines. Adlington Hall, the seat of Sir Robert
+Clayton, Bart., was rebuilt about 1780; it stands in a low situation, on
+the borders of an extensive park, and contains some very good pictures,
+amongst which is a head of Charles I., taken after death. Ellerbeck Hall
+is the seat of John Hodson, Esq. In this neighbourhood is Park Hall, the
+seat of R.P. German, Esq. The inhabitants of Adlington are chiefly
+employed in the cotton manufactories of the vicinity.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Sir. Robert Clayton, Bart.]
+
+
+[B] ADWALTON formerly possessed a market which is now disused. On
+Adwalton Moor, a battle was fought, in 1642, between the Earl of
+Newcastle, commanding for the king, and the parliamentary general, Lord
+Fairfax, in which the latter was defeated.
+
+   _Fairs_, February 6, March 9, Easter Thursday, Thursday fortnight
+   after Easter, Whit-Thursday; and every second Thursday thence to
+   Michaelmas, for lean cattle; November 5, and December 23.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle fought here in 1642.]
+
+
+[C] St. AGNES is situated on the Bristol Channel. The town and parish,
+including a considerable mining district, is thickly strewed with the
+cottages of the miners. It is more frequently called Lighthouse Island,
+from a very high and strong light-house erected here, to warn the
+mariner from the rocks, which are more numerous about this than any
+other of the Scilly Islands. This building is upwards of sixty feet
+high, and stands on the most elevated ground. The light is produced by
+twenty-one parabolic reflectors of copper, plated with silver, and
+having each an argand lamp in its focus. The reflectors are disposed of
+in three clusters, of seven in each cluster, and the frame in which they
+are fixed stands perpendicularly to the horizon, on a shaft united to a
+machine below, which makes the whole revolve every two minutes. By this
+motion the light progressively sweeps the whole horizon; and by its
+gradual intermission and increase, it is readily distinguished from any
+other. Its brilliancy is also extraordinary; and by these combined
+efforts its benefits are greatly increased, as the seaman is at once
+rendered completely sensible of his situation. This light was designed
+by the ingenious Mr. Adam Walker, (lecturer on natural and experimental
+philosophy,) under whose inspection it was constructed. The light-house
+itself is of stone, and was erected, as appears from an inscription over
+the door, by Captain Hugh Till, and Captain Simon Bayley, in the year
+1680. The charges attending the light are defrayed by the Trinity House.
+At St. Agnes is a pilchard fishery. St. Agnes' Beacon, six hundred and
+sixty-four feet above the level of the sea, is formed out of an ancient
+cairn, or tumulus of stones; near which, a summer-house has been built,
+from whence is a fine view of St. Ives, and an extensive sea prospect.
+Near the same spot is St. Agnes' Well, of which many miraculous stories
+are in circulation, from its presumed holy and sanative properties.
+
+This place gave birth to John Opie, whose persevering genius advanced
+him to the highest rank in his profession. He was born at Harmony Cot,
+in May 1761. The opening years of his existence indicated that he must
+plod through life in the dull occupation of a carpenter, as successor to
+his father and grandfather. He distinguished himself at a very early
+period, for originality and strength of mind, and at twelve years of age
+commenced an evening school in St. Agnes, teaching arithmetic and
+writing, and reckoning amongst his scholars some who had nearly doubled
+his years. His first humble attempts at portrait painting were with a
+smutty stick, against the white-washed wall of his paternal cottage,
+where he exhibited, in _dark colours_, very striking likenesses of the
+whole family. His next step was to draw with ochre on cartridge paper.
+He was apprenticed to his father, but from some unascertainable cause
+was turned over to a sawyer; and it was literally in the bottom of a
+saw-pit that Dr. Walcot, better known by the appellation of Peter
+Pindar, (who had previously seen and admired some of Opie's rude
+drawings,) first beheld this untutored child of genius, under whose
+patronage he was protected, and his fame promoted. After visiting
+Exeter, (where he was persuaded to change his surname, which originally
+was Hoppy, to that of Opie,) finding his success was commensurate with
+his abilities, it was soon determined they should be brought to act in a
+wider sphere; and, in 1780, the Doctor and his pupil repaired to London,
+where not agreeing as to the mode of living together, they separated,
+and although their attachment had been cemented by long-continued
+kindness, subsequently to this period, yet they were never after
+cordially united. The opinion Opie entertained of the services which he
+had received from the Doctor, may be gathered from the following curious
+_note of hand_, which was said to be in the possession of the latter: "I
+promise to paint, for Dr. Walcot, any picture or pictures, he may
+demand, as long as I live; otherwise, I desire the world will consider
+me as a ... ungrateful son of a ..., John Opie." It is not certain that
+he ever deviated from this voluntary obligation, but it is matter of
+pleasant remark, that he always made his friend pay eighteen-pence for
+the canvass! Opie was as fortunate in London as he had been at Exeter.
+To Pindar, however, he was indebted for his introduction to public
+notice. Through him his pictures were shown to Mrs. Boscawen, by whom
+Opie was introduced to the late Mrs. Delaney, who procured for him the
+notice of King George III. An opportunity was contrived for the royal
+family to see his picture of the _The Old Beggar Man_; soon after which,
+Opie was honoured with a command to repair to Buckingham House. The
+artist's account of this interview was given in the following
+characteristical manner to Walcot, who has often been heard to relate it
+with great humour. "There was Mr. West," said Opie, "in the room, and
+another gentleman. First, her majesty came in; and I made a sad mistake
+in respect to her, till I saw her face, and discovered by her features
+that she was the queen. In a few minutes his majesty came hopping in. I
+suppose," said Opie, "because he did not wish to frighten me. He looked
+at the pictures and liked them; but he whispered to Mr. West--'tell the
+young man I can only pay a gentleman's price for them.'" The picture
+which his majesty bought was that of _A Man Struck by Lightning_. The
+price given was L10, with which Opie returned to the Doctor full of
+spirits. His friend, when he heard the story, said, "Why, John, thou
+hast only got L8. for thy picture." "Indeed, but I have though," cried
+Opie, "for I have got the L10. safe in my pocket." On this he showed him
+the money. "Aye," rejoined the Doctor, "but dost thou know his majesty
+has got the frame for nothing, and that is worth L2." "D--- it, so he
+has," cried Opie--"I'll go back and knock at the door, and ask for the
+frame; D--- it, I will." He was actually about to put his resolve into
+execution, till dissuaded by the Doctor. Popularity naturally followed
+this notice of royalty. The ladies, however, soon deserted him, as his
+likenesses were not flattering; for where Nature had been niggardly,
+Opie refused to be liberal. He afterwards became better acquainted with
+the art of pleasing them; a change which has been attributed to Mrs.
+Opie, who used to stand over him, and endeavour to make him sensible of
+the graces of the female form. It was in the year 1786, that Mr. Opie
+became known as an exhibitor at Somerset House; soon after which he
+aspired to academical honours, and ultimately attained the rank of Royal
+Academician, and afterwards succeeded Fuseli, in the professorship of
+painting. He was twice married, but at what period his first hymeneal
+union occurred we are not informed--it was inauspicious. His second
+marriage, which took place on May 8, 1798, was more fortunate; and in
+the society of the late Mrs. Opie, the amiable author of many beautiful
+and interesting literary compositions, he enjoyed a delightful relief
+from the toilsome duties of his profession. Mr. Opie was in the daily
+acquisition of wealth and fame, and rapidly advancing to the very zenith
+of popularity, when his mortal career was suddenly closed by death, on
+Thursday, April 9, 1807, in the forty-sixth year of his age. "As a
+portrait painter he has great claims to praise, particularly in his men,
+which are firm, bold, and freely delineated, and occasionally well
+coloured. His women are heavy, inelegant, and chiefly accompanied with a
+hardness that destroys all beauty."
+
+[Sidenote: Very high and strong light-house.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Agnes' beacon.]
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of John Opie, the painter.]
+
+[Sidenote: First attempts at portrait painting.]
+
+[Sidenote: Genius fostered by Dr. Walcot.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdotes of Opie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Introduction to the King.]
+
+[Sidenote: Opie's relation of his interview with royalty.]
+
+[Sidenote: Royal economy.]
+
+[Sidenote: First known as an exhibitor at Somerset House, 1786.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in 1807.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |   County.  |       Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+------------------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
+     9|Aglionby              to|Cumberland  |Carlisle    3|Brampton      6|
+    22|Aighton               to|Lancaster   |Clitheroe   6|Blackburn     7|
+    43|Aikber                to|N.R. York   |Middleham   5|Richmond      6|
+    46|Aike                  to|E.R. York   |Beverley    6|M. Weighton   9|
+     9|Aikton           to & pa|Cumberland  |Wigton      4|Carlisle      9|
+    24|Ailsby                pa|Lincolnshire|Gt. Grimsby 4|Caistor       9|
+    28|Ailsworth            ham|Northamp    |Peterboro   4|M. Deeping    9|
+    43|Ainderby Myers        to|N.R. York   |Catterick   3|Richmond      4|
+    43|Ainderby Quernhow     to|N.R. York   |Thirsk      6|Northallerton 8|
+    43|Ainderby Steeple to & pa|N.R. York   |Bedale      5|              2|
+     9|Ainstable             pa|Cumberland  |Penrith    11|Carlisle     11|
+    46|Ainstie              dis|W.R. York   |             |               |
+    43|Aiskew                to|N.R. York   |Bedale      1|Northallerton 6|
+    44|Aismondersly            |W.R. York   |Ripon       1|Aldborough    5|
+    22|Ainsworth             to|Lancaster   |Manchester  7|Bury          3|
+     9|Ainthorn              to|Cumberland  |Wigton     10|Carlisle     12|
+    22|Aintree               to|Lancaster   |Liverpool   6|Ormskirk      8|
+    44|Airton                to|W.R. York   |Settle      6|Skipton       6|
+    43|Airyholme             to|N.R. York   |New Malton  7|York         16|
+    43|Aisenby               to|N.R. York   |Borobridge  6|Ripon         6|
+    43|Aislaby          to & pa|N.R. York   |Whitby      2|Scarboro     18|
+    13|Aislaby               to|Durham      |Stockton    4|Darlington   11|
+    24|Aisthorpe        to & pa|Lincoln     |Lincoln     7|Gainsboro    12|
+    29|Akeld                 to|Northumb    |Wooler      2|Coldstream    9|
+     5|Akeley           to & pa|Bucks       |Brackley    9|Buckingham    3|
+    36|Akenham               pa|Suffolk     |Ipswich     4|Woodbridge    9|
+    18|Albans, St[A]    bo & to|Herts       |Watford     8|Dunstable    12|
+   +--+------------------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                          |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From      |Lond.|Population
+   +--+-----------------------+---------------------------+-----+---------+
+     9|Aglionby              to|Penrith                 18|  302|      107|
+    22|Aighton               to|Preston                 12|  210|     1980|
+    43|Aikber                to|Bedale                   4|  234|       43|
+    46|Aike                  to|Gt. Driffield            7|  190|       86|
+     9|Aikton           to & pa|Abbey-holm               7|  309|      753|
+    24|Ailsby                pa|Barton                  15|  165|         |
+    28|Ailsworth            ham|Stamford                 9|   83|      289|
+    43|Ainderby Myers        to|Middleham                7|  222|         |
+    43|Ainderby Quernhow     to|Ripon                    7|  217|      107|
+    43|Ainderby Steeple to & pa|Darlington              12|  223|      802|
+     9|Ainstable             pa|Kirk Oswald              5|  295|         |
+    46|Ainstie              dis|   ...                    |  199|     8740|
+    43|Aiskew                to|Richmond                 9|  223|      586|
+    44|Aismondersly            |Masham                   7|  212|         |
+    22|Ainsworth             to|Bolton                   8|  189|     1584|
+     9|Ainthorn              to|Gretna Green             8|  315|      203|
+    22|Aintree               to|Prescott                10|  212|      247|
+    44|Airton                to|Arnecliff                7|  230|      179|
+    43|Airyholme             to|Helmsley                 6|  223|         |
+    43|Aiseny                to|Thirsk                   5|  211|         |
+    43|Aislaby          to & pa|Pickering               15|  237|      402|
+    43|Aislaby               to|Yarm                     1|  244|      143|
+    24|Aisthorpe        to & pa|Kirton                  12|  140|       89|
+    29|Akeld                 to|Kirk Newton              3|  322|      171|
+     5|Akeley           to & pa|Sto. Stratford           6|   59|      291|
+    36|Akenham               pa|Needham                  7|   73|      119|
+    18|Albans, St[A]    bo & to|Hatfield                 6|   21|     4772|
+   +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] St. ALBANS is situated on the river Ver, or Muss, and consists of
+three parishes; parts of two of which, extend beyond the limits of the
+borough. It is said to have been the site of the ancient British
+metropolis of Cassibelanus, and is very near that of the ancient Roman
+Verulam, mentioned by Tacitus, being the same as the Saxon
+Watlingceaster, so called because seated on the road called
+Watling-street. It was here that Queen Boadicea made her celebrated
+assault on the Romans, and failed, after an immense slaughter of seventy
+thousand men. In 795, Offa, king of Mercia, erected an abbey here, in
+memory of St. Alban, the British protomartyr, who was born here in the
+third century. He served in the Roman army, but was converted to
+Christianity by a monk, named Amphilabus, and suffered during the
+Dioclesian persecution, A.D. 303. The abbey subsequently obtained great
+privileges, and became very rich, the revenues at the dissolution
+amounting to upwards of L2500. per annum. Monastic foundations had their
+origin in this country, about the time of St. Augustine, who came from
+Rome, to convert the Pagan Saxons to Christianity; and when Offa
+ascended the throne of Mercia, about twenty great monasteries had been
+founded in England, and about the same number of episcopal sees
+established. Offa's zeal prompted him to do what many of his crowned
+predecessors had done; but being undetermined whom to select as the
+patron saint of his establishment, it is recorded that, while at the
+city of Bath, an angel appeared to him in the silence of the night,
+desiring him to raise out of the earth the body of Alban, the first
+British martyr, and place his remains in a suitable shrine. Even the
+memory of Alban had been lost for three hundred and forty years; but the
+king assembling his clergy and people at Verulam, an active search was
+made for his body with prayer, fasting, and alms; when it is said a ray
+of light was seen by all to stand over the place of burial, similar to
+the star that conducted the magi to Bethlehem. The ground was therefore
+opened, and, in the presence of the king, the body of Alban was found.
+Offa is said to have placed a golden circle round the head of the
+deceased, with an inscription, to signify his name and title, and
+immediately caused the remains of the saint to be conveyed to a small
+chapel, without the walls of Verulam, as the town was then called, until
+a more noble edifice could be raised for its reception. This is said to
+have occurred on the 1st day of August, 791, four hundred and
+ninety-four years after the martyrdom of Alban. Offa afterwards made a
+journey to Rome, and obtained the desired privileges of his intended
+foundation, with great commendations for his zeal and piety, from the
+pope, when he undertook to build a stately church and monastery, to the
+memory of St. Alban. From this abbey the town originated, which early
+obtained considerable importance. The abbey church, which claims
+particular attention for its size, beauty, and antiquity, is constructed
+of Roman brick, to which age has given the appearance of stone. A stone
+screen, erected before the communion table, in 1461, is much admired for
+the richness and lightness of its sculpture. The tombs of the founder,
+Offa, and that of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, are shown here; and, not
+many years ago, the leaden coffin, containing the body of the latter,
+was opened, and the corpse found nearly entire. The Roman antiquities
+discovered on the site have been very numerous. The effect of the
+venerable abbey, when seen from a distance, is extremely imposing;
+situated upon an eminence, its massive towers rise majestically above
+the houses of the ancient town, which is well, known to have derived its
+first importance from the Romans, since which, it has increased chiefly
+under the protecting influence of successive abbots of this rich and
+powerful monastery. The prospect of its mouldering ruins, forces upon
+the mind a melancholy train of reflection on the instability of all
+human institutions.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, March 25 and 26; October 10 and 11, for
+   horses, cows, sheep, and hiring servants.--_Inns_, Angel, and White
+   Hart.--_Mail_ arrives 10.15 P.M. Departs 4.30 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Originally the British metropolis.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Offa's extraordinary vision, which induced him to build
+the abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Alban's body found after a lapse of 494 years; a golden
+circle placed round his head.]
+
+[Sidenote: Duke of Gloucester's body found nearly entire.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |County.|Number of Miles From            |
+   +--+--------------------+-------+---------------+----------------+
+    38|Albourn           pa|Sussex |Hurst         2|Brighton       8|
+    33|Albrighton to & chap|Salop  |Shrewsbury    4|Wem            7|
+    33|Albrighton        pa|Salop  |Shiffnall     6|Bridgnorth    10|
+    27|Alburgh           pa|Norfolk|Harleston     3|Bungay         5|
+    31|Albury            pa|Oxford |Tetsworth     3|Thame          4|
+   +--+--------------------+-------+---------------+----------------+
+                                                   |Dist. |
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From   |Lond. |Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+------+---------+
+    38|Albourn           pa|Cuckfield             6|    42|      362|
+    33|Albrighton to & chap|Ellesmere            12|   157|     1054|
+    33|Albrighton        pa|Wolverhamp            7|   137|       98|
+    27|Alburgh           pa|Norwich              16|   103|      586|
+    31|Albury            pa|Wheatley              3|    45|      239|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+------+---------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County. |  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+---------------------+---------+----------------+------------+
+   18 |Albury             pa|Herts    |Bp Stortford   5|Standon    4|
+   37 |Albury             pa|Surrey   |Guildford      6|Dorking    7|
+   27 |Alby               pa|Norfolk  |Aylesham       6|Cromer     5|
+   12 |Alcester          lib|Dorset   |Shaftesbury    1|Sherborne 16|
+   39 |Alcester[A] m.t. & pa|Warwick  |Warwick       16|Stratford  8|
+   38 |Alciston           pa|Sussex   |Seaford        5|Hailsham   5|
+   19 |Alconbury          pa|Hunts    |Huntingdon     4|Kimbolton  8|
+   19 |Alconbury Weston chap|Hunts    |  ...          5|  ...      8|
+   27 |Aldborough         pa|Norfolk  |Aylesham       5|Cromer     6|
+   43 |Aldborough         to|N.R. York|Richmond       7|Darlington 5|
+   46 |Aldborough    to & pa|E.R. York|Hull          11|Hornsea    6|
+   45 |Aldborough[B] pa & to|W.R. York|York          18|Thirsk    10|
+   41 |Aldbourn[C]   to & pa|Wilts    |Marlboro       7|Ramsbury   3|
+   18 |Aldbury            pa|Herts    |Tring          3|Dunstable  7|
+   22 |Aldcliffe         ham|Lancaster|Lancaster      2|Garstang  10|
+   36 |Aldeburgh[D]     m.t.|Suffolk  |Orford         5|Saxmundha  7|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+----------------+------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+   18 |Albury             pa|Buntingford              7|   35|   631|
+   37 |Albury             pa|Godalming                7|   29|   929|
+   27 |Alby               pa|N. Walsham               6|   26|   346|
+   12 |Alcester          lib|Salisbury               20|  101|   227|
+   39 |Alcester[A] m.t. & pa|Bromsgrove              12|  103|  2405|
+   38 |Alciston           pa|Lewes                    7|   64|   266|
+   19 |Alconbury          pa|Stilton                  9|   63|   765|
+   19 |Alconbury Weston chap| ...                     8|   63|   441|
+   27 |Aldborough         pa|Holt                     9|  126|   275|
+   43 |Aldborough         to|Bernard Cas             10|  240|   522|
+   46 |Aldborough    to & pa|Hedon                    6|  185|   620|
+   45 |Aldborough[B] pa & to|Ripon                    6|  207|  2447|
+   41 |Aldbourn[C]   to & pa|Swindon                  8|   73|  1418|
+   18 |Aldbury            pa|Berkhampst               4|   34|   695|
+   22 |Aldcliffe         ham|Kirk. Londs             17|  238|    96|
+   36 |Aldeburgh[D]     m.t.|Dunwich                 10|   94|  1341|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+------+------+
+
+
+[A] ALCESTER is situated at the confluence of the two small rivers, Alne
+and Arrow, having a bridge over each. It is supposed to have been a
+Roman station; Roman coins, urns, and similar relics, having been
+frequently found here. The Roman way of Icknield Street also passed
+through it, and from its situation it is deemed the Alana of Richard of
+Cirencester. It was anciently a borough by prescription, and of some
+note in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when it became the
+property of the Beauchamps, and afterwards of the Grevilles. The church
+is a fine gothic structure; the market is well supplied with corn; and
+the manufacture of needles is very extensive. Here is a Free School,
+founded by Walter Newport, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and various
+alms-houses and small charities, originating in different benefactors.
+Traces of the site of an abbey, founded in the reign of King Stephen, to
+the north of the town, are still visible.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M., departs 8-1/2
+   P.M.--_Inn_, Angel.--_Fairs_, March 20, June 23, Tuesday before April
+   5, May 18, 2nd Tuesday in July, for cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: A Roman station.]
+
+[Sidenote: Many relics of antiquity found.]
+
+[Sidenote: Traces of an abbey founded by King Stephen.]
+
+
+
+[B] ALDBOROUGH. _Fair_, September 4.
+
+
+[C] ALDBOURN. _Market_, Tuesday.
+
+
+[D] ALDEBURGH is pleasantly situated in the valley of Slaughton, and
+bounded on the eastern side by the sea, which has made considerable
+encroachments, and nearly washed a street away. The river Ald runs on
+the south side, and forms a convenient quay. The town is mean in
+construction, and chiefly inhabited by fishermen and seafaring people.
+Soles, lobsters, and other fish are abundant. It is remarkable as the
+birth-place of the late Rev. George Crabbe, emphatically styled the
+_Poet of the Poor_, who was born December 24, 1754. His father was an
+officer in the Customs, and at first gave him an education, merely
+suitable to follow the same pursuit; but when his prospects brightened,
+he removed his son to a classical seminary, where he was instructed for
+a surgeon and apothecary, to which profession he was in due time
+apprenticed, but relinquished all views of establishing himself in
+practice. At a very early period he became a versifier; and among his
+precocious attempts was a prize poem, on _Hope_, which was inserted in
+the _Lady's Magazine_, then published by Mr. Wheeble. Crabbe came to
+London, in 1778, with L3. in his pocket, and made versification his
+chief study. His first published work was _The Candidate_, a poem, in
+quarto, which came into the world anonymously, in 1780, and was
+favourably received. A short time afterwards, his poverty and poetry
+induced him to seek the patronage of Edmund Burke, to whom he submitted
+a large quantity of miscellaneous composition; he had no introduction to
+Mr. Burke, excepting his own letter, stating his circumstances; no
+recommendation but his distress, and yet his application was attended
+with success. His patron introduced him to some of the first men in the
+country, and soon after became the means of benefiting his fame and
+fortune; he selected from young Crabbe's works, _The Library_ and _The
+Village_, suggesting at the same time certain corrections and
+improvements. Among the eminent persons to whom he was thus introduced,
+was the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, Sir Joshua Reynolds, at whose
+mansion he first beheld, and was made known to, Dr. Johnson, who gave
+the young poet his opinion of _The Village_. Mr. Burke having directed
+Mr. Crabbe's views to the church, in 1781 he was ordained a deacon by
+the Bishop of Norwich, and priest by the same dignitary in the following
+year; he was next appointed domestic chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at
+Belvoir Castle. As Mr. Crabbe had not received a university education,
+he was offered a degree by Trinity College, Cambridge, but eventually
+received the grant from the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, and
+thus became a Bachelor of Laws. Burke also introduced Mr. Crabbe to Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, who presented him to rectories in Dorset and Lincoln
+consecutively. He had previously a curacy at Strathorn, a village near
+Belvoir Castle, where he married and became a father; he was universally
+respected for his talents and virtues, and died at Trowbridge, at seven
+o'clock in the morning of the 8th of February, 1832. The publications of
+Mr. Crabbe have placed him high on the roll of British Poets.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, March 1, and May 3, for
+   toys.--_Inn_, White Lion.--_Mail_ arrives at 9-1/2 A.M. departs 5-1/2
+   P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of the Rev. George Crabbe, the poet. Biographical
+sketch of his life.]
+
+[Sidenote: Crabbe's arrival in London, 1778.]
+
+[Sidenote: His first published work well received.]
+
+[Sidenote: Crabbe's introduction to eminent persons.]
+
+[Sidenote: Promoted to the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died at Trowbridge 1132.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |     Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+    27|Aldeby         pa|Norfolk   |Beccles      3|Yarmouth     11|
+    18|Aldenham       pa|Herts     |Watford      3|St. Albans    6|
+    41|Alderbury      to|Wilts     |Salisbury    3|Downton       4|
+    27|Alderford      pa|Norfolk   |Reepham      3|Norwich       9|
+    15|Alderley       pa|Gloucester|Wickwar      4|Wooton        2|
+     7|Alderley       pa|Chester   |Macclesfield 5|Knutsford     5|
+     4|Aldermaston[A] pa|Berks     |Reading     10|Newbury       8|
+    42|Alderminster   pa|Worcester |Evesham     10|Stratford-Av. 5|
+    41|Alderton       pa|Wilts     |Malmsbury    6|Tetbury       7|
+    15|Alderton       pa|Gloucester|Winchcomb    3|Cheltenham    7|
+    28|Alderton       pa|Northamp  |Towcester    4|Northampton   9|
+    36|Alderton       pa|Suffolk   |Woodbridge   7|Orford        9|
+     7|Aldersey       to|Chester   |Chester      8|Tarporley     8|
+    16|Aldershott     pa|Hants     |Farnham      3|Odiham        8|
+    10|Alderwasley    to|Derby     |Wirksworth   1|Matlock       4|
+     7|Aldford   to & pa|Chester   |Chester      5|Malpas       10|
+    45|Aldfield       to|W.R. York |Ripon        3|Ripley        4|
+    14|Aldham         pa|Essex     |Coggeshall   4|Colchester    6|
+    36|Aldham         pa|Suffolk   |Hadley       2|Stow-Market   9|
+    38|Aldingbourn    pa|Sussex    |Chichester   4|Arundel       7|
+    22|Aldingham      pa|Lancaster |Ulverstone   5|Dalton        4|
+    21|Aldington[B]   pa|Kent      |Hythe        6|Ashford       7|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                  |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond. |population.
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+------+--------+
+    27|Aldeby         pa|Lowestoft               7|   112|     530|
+    18|Aldenham       pa|Elstree                 3|    17|    1494|
+    41|Alderbury      to|Farley                  3|    80|    1323|
+    27|Alderford      pa|Aylesham                7|   108|      40|
+    15|Alderley       pa|Tetbury                 8|   108|     200|
+     7|Alderley       pa|Congleton               8    172|    1338|
+     4|Aldermaston[A] pa|Kingsclere              5|    49|     636|
+    42|Alderminster   pa|Shipston-Sto.           6|    89|     454|
+    41|Alderton       pa|Chippenham              8|   103|     213|
+    15|Alderton       pa|Tewkesbury              7|   102|     330|
+    28|Alderton       pa|Sto. Stratford          9|    58|     162|
+    36|Alderton       pa|Ipswich                12|    79|     575|
+     7|Aldersey       to|Malpas                  5|   175|     138|
+    16|Aldershott     pa|Frimley                 6|    35|     665|
+    10|Alderwasley    to|Bakewell                9|   138|     424|
+     7|Aldford   to & pa|Tarporley               9|   177|     710|
+    45|Aldfield       to|Borobridge              7|2   08|     133|
+    14|Aldham         pa|Neyland                 6|    48|     407|
+    36|Aldham         pa|Ipswich                 8|    66|     318|
+    38|Aldingbourn    pa|Bognor                  5|    62|     833|
+    22|Aldingham      pa|Lancaster              15|   277|     884|
+    21|Aldington[B]   pa|New Romney              8|    60|     732|
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+------+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALDERMASTON. _Fairs_, May 6, July 7, for horses and cattle, and
+October 11, for pedlery.
+
+
+[B] ALDINGTON. Elizabeth Barton, commonly called the Holy Maid of Kent,
+a religious impostor, lived in the reign of Henry VIII. She was a
+servant at Aldington, and having been for a long time afflicted with
+convulsions, which distorted her limbs and countenance, and threw her
+body into the most violent agitations, acquired a power of
+counterfeiting the same appearances whenever she pleased. Richard
+Master, who then held this living, with other ecclesiastics, thinking
+her a proper instrument for their purpose, induced her to pretend that
+all she said and did, was by a supernatural impulse, and taught her to
+act her part in the most perfect manner. Thus she pretended to be
+honoured with visions; to hear heavenly voices and most ravishing
+melody; she declaimed against the wickedness of the times, against
+heresy and innovations; exhorting all persons to frequent the church, to
+hear masses, to make frequent confessions, and to pray to our lady, and
+all saints. This artful management, with her apparent piety, virtue, and
+austerity of life, completely deceived even Sir Thomas More, Bishop
+Fisher, and Archbishop Warham, the last of which appointed commissioners
+to examine her, to whom she was instructed to say, in her counterfeit
+trances, that she should never recover till she went to visit the image
+of the Virgin Mary, in a chapel dedicated to her in this parish, which
+was done. After that she pretended that she was called to be a nun, and
+the Archbishop being fully satisfied with the reports, had her placed in
+the nunnery of St. Sepulchre, Canterbury, where she alleged she had
+visions and revelations of a divine nature, so as to completely impose
+upon the public. The main object of the priests, her managers, was
+directed publicly to announce how God had revealed to her, "that in case
+the king should divorce Queen Catherine of Anjou, and take another wife
+during her life, his royalty would not be of a month's duration, but
+that he should die the death of a villain," which created considerable
+excitement, and much controversy: encouraged by the lenity of the
+government, the ecclesiastics in this conspiracy, resolved to publish
+the revelations of the nun throughout the kingdom. They had communicated
+them to the Pope's Ambassadors, and exhorted Queen Catherine to persist
+in her resolutions. At length this confederacy became a serious affair,
+and Henry ordered the maid and her accomplices to be examined in the
+Star Chamber, where they confessed all the particulars of the imposture;
+and afterwards, upon a scaffold erected at Paul's Cross, were compelled
+to hear their confession publicly read; they were confined in the Tower
+until the meeting of parliament, by whom the whole affair was pronounced
+to be a conspiracy against the king's life, and crown. The nun, and her
+confederates, were eventually attainted of high treason, and executed at
+Tyburn, April 20th, 1534, where she confessed the imposture, laying the
+blame on her accomplices, the priests; craving pardon of God, and the
+King.
+
+[Sidenote: The History of the Holy Maid of Kent.]
+
+[Sidenote: Holy Maid of Kent.]
+
+[Sidenote: The imposture detected.]
+
+[Sidenote: Herself and confederates executed at Tyburn.]
+
+  Map| Names of Places.      |  County. |  Number of Miles From         |
+  +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
+   42|Aldington            ham| Worcester|    Evesham 3|      Moreton 10|
+   35|Aldridge              pa|  Stafford|    Walsall 3|Sut. Coldfield 4|
+   36|Aldringham            pa|   Suffolk|  Aldeburgh 2|     Saxmundha 5|
+   38|Aldrington            pa|    Sussex|   Brighton 5|      Steyning 6|
+    9|Aldstone Moor[A] to & pa|Cumberland|  Carlisle 25|  Kirk Oswald 12|
+   15|Aldsworth             pa|Gloucester| Northleach 4|      Fairford 6|
+   16|Aldwark               to|     Derby| Wirksworth 4|      Ashbourn 6|
+   44|Aldwark               to| N. R York| Borobridge 5|    Easingwold 4|
+   45|Aldwarke              to| W. R York|  Rotherham 2|     Sheffield 4|
+   28|Aldwinckle-all Saints  p|  Northamp|  Thrapston 3|    Kettering 10|
+   28|Aldwinckle-St Peter   pa|  Northamp|       ...  3|         ...  10|
+    4|Aldsworth[B]          pa|     Berks|East Ilsley 4|   Wallingford 7|
+  +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+----------------+
+                                                       |Dist. |
+  Map| Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From    |Lond. |Population.
+  +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+------+---------+
+   42|Aldington            ham|Alcester              10|    96|     104|
+   35|Aldridge              pa|Lichfleld              6|   116|    1804|
+   36|Aldringham            pa|Dunwich                7|    94|     362|
+   38|Aldrington            pa|Worthing               7|    55|     615|
+    9|Aldstone Moor[A] to & pa|Haltwhistle           10|   272|    6858|
+   15|Aldsworth             pa|Burford                4|    78|     353|
+   16|Aldwark               to|Winster                6|   145|      97|
+   44|Aldwark               to|Knaresboro             9|   202|     190|
+   45|Aldwarke              to|Barnsley               8|   172|     ...|
+   28|Aldwinckle-all Saints  p|Oundle                 5|    76|     247|
+   28|Aldwinckle-St Peter   pa|  ...                  5|    76|     171|
+    4|Aldsworth[B]          pa|Newbury               11|    50|     268|
+  +--+------------------------+------------------------+------+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALDSTONE MOOR, in Leath Ward, is situated on the borders of
+Northumberland, in the most picturesque and romantic part of the county.
+The town itself stands upon a hill, at the bottom of which runs the
+river Tyne. The immediate vicinity abounds in lead-mines, on estates
+which once belonged to the Derwentwater family. On the attainder of the
+last earl, they were granted in aid of the support of Greenwich
+Hospital, from the trustees of which national institution, the mines are
+at present leased. Satin spar is found in this parish; there is also a
+pool on Gildersdale Fell, the slime of which is used for painting
+yellow. About three miles from the town, are the earthworks of Whitley
+castle, where relics of antiquity have frequently been discovered.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in May, 1st Thursday in
+   September, for cattle, horses, linen and woollen cloth.
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque and Romantic scenery.]
+
+[Sidenote: The slime of a pool use for painting yellow.]
+
+
+[B] ALDWORTH is pleasantly situated on a hill: here was anciently a
+mansion belonging to the family of De La Beche, the site of which is now
+Beach Farm. In the churchyard is a remarkable yew-tree, the trunk
+measuring nine yards in circumference, at upwards of four feet from the
+ground. The church is celebrated for its very ancient monuments, nine in
+number, disposed in enriched arches on each side, and in the centre of
+the interior; these are supposed to belong to the De La Beche family,
+and from the costume of the figures upon the tombs, may be referred to
+the fourteenth century; six of them are knights in armour; two are
+females, and one in the common habit of the time; some of the knights
+are represented lying cross-legged; these had vowed, or accompanied a
+crusade; the workmanship is excellent, and the attitude and expression
+of each of the figures that remain perfect, are exceedingly graceful,
+but several of the monuments are now considerably mutilated. The font is
+very ancient, and remarkably plain, but very capacious, and somewhat
+singular in its form.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable yew-tree, nine yards round.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church celebrated for ancient monuments.]
+
+  Map| Names of Places.       |  County. |  Number of Miles From       |
+  +--+------------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+   29|Alemouth              to|Northumb  |Lesbury       2|Alnwick     5|
+   28|Alesworth            ham|Northamp  |Deeping       7|Wandsford   3|
+   37|Alfold                pa|Surrey    |Guildford    10|Godalming   7|
+   24|Alford         m.t. & pa|Lincoln   |Saltfleet    12|Lincoln    34|
+   34|Alford                pa|Somerset  |Shepton       7|Castle Cary 2|
+   10|Alfreton[A]           pa|Derby     |Derby        14|Wirksworth 10|
+   42|Alfrick             chap|Worcester |Bromvard      6|Worcester   8|
+   38|Alfriston             pa|Sussex    |Newhaven      5|Seaford     3|
+   24|Algarkirk             pa|Lincoln   |Fosdyke Br.   3|Boston      6|
+   31|Alkerton              pa|Oxford    |Shipston      8|Banbury     6|
+   21|Alkham                pa|Kent      |Canterbury   12|Dover       4|
+   15|Alkington        ti & to|Gloucester|Old Passage  10|Berkeley    1|
+   10|Alkmonton             to|Derby     |Derby        10|Ashbourn    5|
+   22|Alkrington            to|Lancaster |Rochdale      7|Manchester  6|
+   41|Alcannings       pa & to|Wilts     |Calne         7|Devizes     4|
+   29|Allendale        pa & to|Northumb  |Aldsto. Moor  10|Hexham     8|
+   29|Allen-Head            pa|Northumb  | ...          9|Hexham     12|
+    8|Allen, St.            pa|Cornwall  |St. Michael   4|Truro       4|
+   17|Allensmore            pa|Hereford  |Thruxton      2|Hereford    4|
+   29|Allenton         pa & to|Northumb  |Wooler       16|Rothbury    8|
+   34|Aller                 pa|Somerset  |Taunton      11|Somerton    6|
+    9|Allerby               to|Cumberland|Wigton        8|Cockermout  7|
+   43|Allerston             pa|N.R. York |New Malton    8|Pickering   5|
+   46|Allerthorpe           pa|E.R. York |York         11|Pocklington 2|
+   43|Allerthorpe           to|N.R. York |Northallerton 6|Bedale      5|
+   22|Allerton              to|Lancaster |Warrington   12|Liverpool   6|
+   34|Allerton Chapel       pa|Somerset  |Wells        10|Axbridge    3|
+   45|Allerton Chapel       pa|W.R. York |Halifax       7|Leeds       2|
+   45|Allerton              to|W.R. York |Ottley        5|Bradford    4|
+   45|Allerton Bywater      to|W.R. York |Wakefield     6|Pontefract  5|
+   45|Allerton Mauleverer[B] p|W.R. York |Wetherby      5|Knaresboro  4|
+  +--+------------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+  Map| Names of Places.       |   Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+  +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+   29|Alemouth              to|Morpeth                 19|  311|    415|
+   28|Alesworth            ham|Peterborough             5|   87|    289|
+   37|Alfold                pa|Haslemere                9|   41|    514|
+   24|Alford         m.t. & pa||Louth                  11|  142|   1784|
+   34|Alford                pa|Glastonbury              8|  115|    137|
+   10|Alfreton[A]           pa|Mansfield                9|  139|   5691|
+   42|Alfrick             chap||Gt. Malvern            10|  119|    493|
+   38|Alfriston             pa|Hailsham                 6|   55|    694|
+   24|Algarkirk             pa|Donnington               7|  111|    651|
+   31|Alkerton              pa|Kineton                  6|   77|    192|
+   21|Alkham                pa|Folkestone               4|   69|    542|
+   15|Alkington        ti & to|Dursley                  3|  113|   1167|
+   10|Alkmonton             to|Uttoxeter                7|  134|     79|
+   22|Alkrington            to|Oldham                   1|  187|    367|
+   41|Alcannings       pa & to|Marlborough              9|   88|    811|
+   29|Allendale        pa & to|Haltwhistle             10|  273|   5540|
+   29|Allen-Head            pa|Allendale                4|  268|    ...|
+    8|Allen, St.            pa|Falmouth                12|  252|    637|
+   17|Allensmore            pa|Ross                    12|  131|    592|
+   29|Allenton         pa & to|Bellingham              15|  310|    822|
+   34|Aller                 pa|Bridgewater              8|  128|    490|
+    9|Allerby               to|Abbey-Holm               6|  313|    ...|
+   43|Allerston             pa|Scarborough             10|  220|    385|
+   46|Allerthorpe           pa|M. Weighton              6|  212|    185|
+   43|Allerthorpe           to|Thirsk                   6|  218|    167|
+   22|Allerton              to|Prescott                 6|  202|    374|
+   34|Allerton Chapel       pa|Bridgewater             11|  132|    313|
+   45|Allerton Chapel       pa|Bradford                 8|  194|   1730|
+   45|Allerton              to|Keighly                  4|  200|   1733|
+   45|Allerton Bywater      to|Leeds                    6|  182|    375|
+   45|Allerton Mauleverer[B] p|Borobridge               5|  202|    ...|
+  +--+------------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ALFRETON, is situated about two miles from the commencement of the
+moors, which extend so widely in this county. The town is supposed to
+have been built by King Alfred, and to derive its name from him. The
+spot is shown where the house stood in which he lived. The inhabitants
+are principally employed in a stocking manufactory, and in the
+neighbouring collieries. Earthenware is also made in this place, and the
+Monday market, for corn, is considerable. In Greenhill Lane, near this
+town, seven hundred Roman coins, were discovered by a labourer employed
+in repairing a fence.
+
+   _Markets_, Monday and Friday.--_Mail_ arrives 2-1/4 P.M., departs
+   9-1/4 A.M.--_Fairs_, horses and cattle, October 8, and November 22,
+   statute.--_Inns_, Angel, and George.
+
+[Sidenote: Built by King Alfred.]
+
+[Sidenote: 700 Roman coins found here.]
+
+
+[B] ALLERTON MAULEVERER, is situated in a very beautiful part of
+Yorkshire. The park now in the possession of _Lord Stourton_, consists
+of about four hundred acres, in which is a superb mansion; the land is
+very rich, and charmingly diversified by a variety of hills, dales, and
+groves, which are considerably enlivened, and receive much additional
+beauty, from a very fine expanse of water. An octagonal tower has been
+built on a lofty hill, finely shaded with trees; it consists of two
+rooms, and is approached by a double flight of steps, each of which, as
+well as the terrace around the building, are protected by iron
+palisades. From this commanding situation, all the various beauties of
+the park are seen to the greatest advantage, and many extensive and
+diversified prospects are enjoyed. Here was a priory of Benedictine
+monks, founded by Richard Mauleverer, in the reign of Henry II., which
+was dissolved about three centuries afterwards by King Henry VI. The
+manor was the seat of the Mauleverer family for more than five hundred
+years, when Sir Richard, the last heir, who died unmarried, left the
+estate by will to his mother, who, afterwards by marriage, conveyed it
+to the Arundel family, and from them it became the property of the
+Honourable, William Monkton Arundel, Viscount Galway, whose son, the
+late Lord Galway, sold it in the year 1786, to the late Duke of York,
+who afterwards occasionally resided in the park, with George IV., then
+Prince of Wales. The estate, comprising four thousand five hundred and
+twenty-five acres, was sold by the Royal Duke to Colonel Thornton, for
+L110,000; and was, in 1805, resold by that gentleman to the late Lord
+Stourton, father of the present proprietor. The mansion stands on a
+gentle elevation; it was erected by his Royal Highness the Duke of York,
+and has since been considerably improved.
+
+[Sidenote: Extensive park and mansion.]
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: Here was a Priory of Benedictine monks.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sale of the estate by the late Duke of York, for L110,000.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County.  |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    39|Allesley      pa|Warwick   |Coventry   2|Nuneaton     8|
+    10|Allestrey     pa|Derby     |Derby      2|Ashbourn    14|
+    23|Allexton      pa|Leicester |Rockingham 6|M. Harboro   9|
+     9|Allhallows    pa|Cumberland|Wigton     5|Market Ireby 4|
+    21|Allhallows    pa|Kent      |Rochester  7|Sheerness    5|
+    12|Allington     pa|Dorset    |Bridport   1|Lyme Regis   8|
+    21|Allington[A]  pa|Kent      |Maidstone  2|Rochester    7|
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+--------------+
+    39|Allesley      pa|Kenilworth            6|   93|     875|
+    10|Allestrey     pa|Alfreton             13|  128|     501|
+    23|Allexton      pa||Uppingham            5|   89|      68|
+     9|Allhallows    pa|Allonby               7|  308|     205|
+    21|Allhallows    pa|Queenboro             6|   36|     263|
+    12|Allington     pa|Beaminster            5|  136|    1300|
+    21|Allington[A]  pa|Wrotham               8|   32|      37|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALLINGTON. Situated in the hundred of Larkefield, in the lathe of
+Aylesford, near the river Medway. ALLINGTON CASTLE was originally
+built in the Saxon times, by a noble family denominated _Columbary_,
+but was razed afterwards by the Danes. The manor was given after the
+conquest to Bishop Odo, (in whose time there was a _church_ at
+Allington,) and on his disgrace, to the great Earl Warrenne, who is
+stated to have had the castle rebuilt, which, however, seems to be
+doubtful, as the famous Sir Stephen Penchester, constable of Dover
+Castle, in the reign of Edward I., and then owner of this manor, had a
+license to fortify, and embattle, his mansion-house here. It passed
+afterwards to the _Cobham_ family; and from them to the _Brents_, by
+whom it was alienated to Sir Henry Wyatt, a descendant from a worthy
+Yorkshire family; who, besides losing seventeen manors, was deprived of
+his liberty for engaging in the plot against Richard III. in favour of
+the Earl of Richmond; but when success had crowned the attempts of the
+latter, he was released by the new king, knighted, made banneret, a
+knight of the bath, and a privy counsellor. He made this castle his
+residence; and here was born his accomplished son and successor, Sir
+Thomas Wyatt. This gentleman who was equally renowned, as a scholar, a
+soldier, and a statesman, (in consequence of which he was considered to
+be "the delight of the muses and mankind") made this a "fair seat," and
+was visited here by Henry VIII., (as his father Sir Henry had also
+been,) with whom he was a great favourite; though he appears in some
+degree to have unintentionally excited his jealousy, through the
+admiration which his accomplishments had raised in the breast of the
+fascinating Anne Boleyn. He died in his thirty-eighth year, at
+Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, of a violent fever. His son Sir Thomas Wyatt,
+the younger, being deprived of his estates and life, for treason against
+Queen Mary, this castle and manor became vested in the crown, and were
+granted, on lease by Elizabeth, to John Astley Esq., master of her
+jewels, in her eleventh year. His son, Sir John Astley, afterwards had
+the whole granted to him by the queen's letters patent, dated in her
+twenty-sixth year, and from his family it was transferred to that of
+Lord Romney, and is now the property of the present earl. The remains of
+the castle are particularly curious and interesting, but give the idea
+rather of a fortified dwelling, than of a place of strength. The moat
+still exists, as does the entrance gateway, which was erected by the
+Cobhams. Besides the castle and parsonage, (a mere cottage,) there is
+only one house in this parish; though Sir Stephen de Penchester is
+recorded to have procured a grant of a market weekly, and a three days
+annual fair for his manor of Allington.
+
+[Sidenote: The castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mansion given to Bishop Odo.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Henry Wyatt deprived of seventeen manors and his liberty,
+for treason.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Thomas Wyatt, was an accomplished scholar, soldier and
+statesman.]
+
+[Sidenote: Parish consists of one house, a church, and a cottage.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.      | County.  | Number of Miles From         |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------------------------+
+    41|Allington            pa|Wilts     |Amesbury     4|Salisbury     6|
+    41|Allington            to|Wilts     |Chippenham   2|Malmsbury     9|
+    41|Allington            to|Wilts     |Devizes      4|Calne         7|
+    11|Allington, East      pa|Devon     |Kingsbridge  4|Dartmouth     6|
+    11|Allington, West      pa|Devon     | ...         1|Modbury       7|
+    24|Allington, West      pa|Lincoln   |Grantham     5|Newark       10|
+    22|Allithwaite, Upper   to|Lancaster |Cartmel      3|Hawkeshead   11|
+    22|Allithwaite, Lower   to|Lancaster | ...         1| ...         13|
+     9|Allonby              to|Cumberland|Wigton      11|Cockermouth   9|
+     7|Allostock            to|Chester   |Knutsford    5|Middlewich    5|
+    36|All Saints, St. Elm  pa|Suffolk   |Halesworth   5|Bungay        5|
+    17|Almeley              pa|Hereford  |Weobly       5|Kington       4|
+    12|Almer, West          pa|Dorset    |Blandford    6|Bere Regis    6|
+    35|Almington            to|Stafford  |Drayton      1|Newcastle    12|
+    39|Almington & Delph    to|Warwick   |Tamworth     2|Atherstone    7|
+    38|Almodington          pa|Sussex    |Chichester   6|Bognor       10|
+    45|Almondbury[A]   pa & to|W.R. York |Huddersfield 2|Barnsley     10|
+    15|Almondsbury     pa & ti|Gloucester|Thornbury    4|Old Pas. Hou. 5|
+    34|Almsford             pa|Somerset  |Castle Cary  1|Bruton        4|
+    43|Alne            pa & to|N.R. York |Easingwold   3|Borobridge    6|
+    39|Alne, Great   chap & to|Warwick   |Alcester     3|Henley-Arden  5|
+    29|Alnham          pa & to|Northumb  |Alnwick     14|Wooler       11|
+    29|Alnwick[B]    m.t. & pa|Northumb  |Newcastle   34|Morpeth       9|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.      | Number of Miles  From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+    41|Allington            pa|Andover                11|   77|       80|
+    41|Allington            to|Bath                   13|   95|      162|
+    41|Allington            to|Marlboro               10|   88|      162|
+    11|Allington, East      pa|Totness                 7|  205|      677|
+    11|Allington, West      pa|Plymouth               18|  207|      872|
+    24|Allington, West      pa|M. Mowbray             16|  115|      357|
+    22|Allithwaite, Upper   to|Ulverstone             11|  255|      759|
+    22|Allithwaite, Lower   to|..by Ferry              6|  257|      838|
+     9|Allonby              to|Abbey-Holm              8|  315|      783|
+     7|Allostock            to|Northwich               6|  168|      448|
+    36|All Saints, St. Elm  pa|Harleston               5|  105|      439|
+    17|Almeley              pa|Leominster              7|  107|      ...|
+    35|Almington            to|Eccleshall             10|  158|      340|
+    39|Almington & Delph    to|Coleshill              10|  112|      264|
+    38|Almodington          pa|Selsea-Bill             4|   68|      ...|
+    45|Almondbury[A]   pa & to|Wakefield               9|  186|    30606|
+    15|Almondsbury     pa & ti|Bristol                 8|  117|     1408|
+    34|Almsford             pa|Glastonbury             9|  114|      304|
+    43|Alne            pa & to|Thirsk                  9|  212|     1967|
+    39|Alne, Great   chap & to|Stratford               7|  103|      343|
+    29|Alnham          pa & to|Rothbury                9|  314|      278|
+    29|Alnwick[B]    m.t. & pa| ...                   11|  308|     6788|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper division
+of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school, founded by patent
+from James I. and endowed with about L120 per annum. This place is noted
+for its extensive woollen manufactories. It was anciently called
+Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces of an ancient castle, on an
+eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed, by some antiquarians,
+to have been the Campodonum of the Romans, and subsequently a royal seat
+of some of the Saxon kings.
+
+[Sidenote: Grammar school founded by James I.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient castle. Campodonum of the Romans.]
+
+
+[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and usually
+regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the
+southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern
+division of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities
+of a hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was
+erected by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest
+on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down
+the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns
+surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or
+clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons was
+founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It was
+pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site of
+which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington,
+after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and also of the
+Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. A
+fine gate house still remains, on which the Percy arms is visible. This
+town has a spacious market place, and a considerable town hall, in which
+the sessions and county courts are held. It is paved, watched, and
+lighted, under an act passed in 1821. Although the county town, the
+assizes are held at Newcastle. Alnwick Castle has been for many
+centuries a fortress of great strength, and the family mansion of the
+Percys'; it stands on an eminence on the south side of the Alne,
+opposite to the town, and commands a beautiful view of the country. The
+walls are flanked with sixteen gothic towers, the battlements of which,
+are ornamented with figures of ancient warriors: it is very celebrated
+in border history, and was peculiarly fatal to the kings of Scotland, of
+whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward, fell before it; and William,
+surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner. The castle has lately undergone a
+complete repair; great attention having been paid to the restoration of
+the gothic ornaments in their original style. The chapel has been
+rendered extremely beautiful, by the introduction of a ceiling, in
+imitation of the celebrated one of King's College, Cambridge. There is
+also a handsome window, on the model of one at York Minster, and the
+walls are painted in the manner of those of the cathedral of Milan. The
+tenants of the estate at Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument
+to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and
+was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called,
+stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern entrance
+to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen in every
+direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be ascended easily
+by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an immemorial custom
+continued here on the proclamation of the several fairs; divers adjacent
+townships, which are free of toll in the borough, by this service, send
+their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the eve of the fair, when he
+makes proclamation; after which they keep watch all night in every part
+of the town, and this is the most perfect remains of watch and ward
+retained in any part of this country. It is said that King John, having
+endured considerable inconvenience from the miry state of the roads, in
+humorous revenge, directed that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick,
+should be made in the following manner, which is still observed.--On St.
+Mark's day, those who are to be made free, assemble in the market place,
+dressed in white, with white caps, and a sword by their side. They
+proceed on horseback from this place to the town moor, headed by the
+four chamberlains, attired in the same manner, where they alight and
+rush through a muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change
+their soiled garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school,
+supported by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor
+charities.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday,--_Mail_ arrives 6-1/4 A.M., departs 5-1/2
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, Palm Sunday eve, for shoes, hats, &c.; May 12th,
+   horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen and woollen
+   cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle;
+   and Saturday before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and
+   woollens.--_Bankers_, Ridley and Co., draw on Glynn and Co.--_Inn_,
+   White Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: An abbey of monks, founded in 1147.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fortress of great strength.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fall of Malcolm II. and his son Edward.]
+
+[Sidenote: Monument to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious customs in Alnwick.]
+
+[Sidenote: Making freemen at Alnwick through a muddy pool.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |County.|   Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+
+    14|Alphamstone         pa|Essex  |Halstead   5|Sudbury    5|
+    36|Alphaston           pa|Suffolk|Sudbury    7|Lavenham   3|
+    11|Alphington          pa|Devon  |Exeter     1|Topsham    5|
+    27|Alpington           pa|Norfolk|Norwich    6|Loddon     5|
+     7|Alpraham            to|Chester|Tarporley  3|Malpas     8|
+    14|Alresford           pa|Essex  |Colchester 5|St. Osyth  6|
+    16|Alresford, New[A] m.t.|Hants  |Southamp. 19|Winchester 7|
+   +--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+
+      |                                           |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+    14|Alphamstone         pa|Colchester        10|   50|   277|
+    36|Alphaston           pa|Bury              10|   61|   309|
+    11|Alphington          pa|Chudleigh          8|  167|  1236|
+    27|Alpington           pa|Hempnell           6|  119|   197|
+     7|Alpraham            to|Nantwich           7|  176|   418|
+    14|Alresford           pa||Manningtre        8|   56|   297|
+    16|Alresford, New[A] m.t.|Alton             10|   57|  1437|
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of Alton:
+seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source. It was
+anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation of the
+river, having at one time extended from Southampton to this town;
+whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is divided into two
+parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the mother church.
+The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, is governed by a
+bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are held here. There
+is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but generally speaking,
+the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne Hall, about two miles distant,
+the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there has been bestowed annually, on Lady
+Day, from the reign of Henry II. a gift to every applicant of twopence
+in bread or money; of which bounty, in some years, no less than
+seventeen hundred persons have partaken.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Mail_ arrives 3-1/2 A.M. departs 11-1/2
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in July, and October 17, sheep,
+   &c.--_Bankers_, Knapp & Co. draw on Barclay & Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Formerly a populous place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tichbourne Hall, seat of Sir H. Tichbourne.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County. | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+    16|Alresford, Old    pa|Hants    |Southamp. 19|Winchester   7|
+    35|Alrewas           pa|Stafford |Lichfield  5|Burton       8|
+    35|Alewas Hayes     dis|Stafford | ...       4| ...         9|
+     7|Alsager           pa|Chester  |Sandbach   5|Congleton    9|
+    10|Alsop-le-Dale     pa|Derby    |Ashbourn   6|Longnor      8|
+    22|Alston            to|Lancaster|Preston    6|Blackburn    6|
+    42|Alstone         chap|Worcester|Tewkesbury 5|Evesham      7|
+    35|Alstonefield pa & to|Stafford |Ashbourn   6|Longnor      6|
+    22|Altcar          chap|Lancaster|Ormskirk   6|Liverpool   11|
+     8|Alternon          pa|Cornwall |Launceston 8|Camelford    8|
+    22|Altham     to & chap|Lancaster|Burnley    5|Colne       11|
+    14|Althorne          pa|Essex    |Maldon     6|Southminster 3|
+    24|Althorp      pa & to|Lincoln  |Burton     5|Epworth      5|
+    27|Althorpe         ham|Norfolk  |Fakenham   2|N. Walsingh. 3|
+    48|Altmawr         chap|Brecon   |Builth     3|Brecon      12|
+    45|Altofts           to|W.R. York|Wakefield  4|Leeds        8|
+    16|Alton[A]   m.t. & pa|Hants    |Southamp. 29|Basingstoke 10|
+    41|Alton Barnes      pa|Wilts    |Marlboro   7|Devizes      7|
+    12|Alton Pancras     pa|Dorset   |Dorchester 7|Cerne-Abbas  3|
+    41|Alton Priors    chap|Wilts    |Devizes    7|Marlboro     7|
+     7|Altringham[B]   m.t.|Chester  |Knutsford  7|Stockport   10|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    16|Alresford, Old    pa|Alton               10|   57|     459|
+    35|Alrewas           pa|Bromley              5|  124|    1607|
+    35|Alewas Hayes     dis ...                  6|  124|      77|
+     7|Alsager           pa|Nantwich             8|  157|     446|
+    10|Alsop-le-Dale     pa|Winster              6|  145|      61|
+    22|Alston            to|Clitheroe            9|  222|    1030|
+    42|Alstone         chap|Pershore             7|  101|      78|
+    35|Alstonefield pa & to|Winster              8|  144|    5169|
+    22|Altcar          chap|Prescott            13|  214|     505|
+     8|Alternon          pa|Bodmin              16|  222|    1069|
+    22|Altham     to & chap|Blackburn            6|  212|     413|
+    14|Althorne          pa|Rochford             6|   42|     352|
+    24|Althorp      pa & to|Glandford Br        12|  165|     981|
+    27|Althorpe         ham|Holt                10|  111|       9|
+    48|Altmawr         chap|Aberedwy             2|  170|      43|
+    45|Altofts           to|Pontefract           3|  186|     502|
+    16|Alton[A]   m.t. & pa|Farnham             10|   47|    2742|
+    41|Alton Barnes      pa|Pewsey               4|   82|     138|
+    12|Alton Pancras     pa|Sherborne           10|  120|     210|
+    41|Alton Priors    chap|Pewsey               4|   82|     205|
+     7|Altringham[B]   m.t.|Manchester           9|  179|    2708|
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town,
+consisting of three streets, of which the principal contains some
+handsome houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the
+magistracy, and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district
+around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and
+possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics,
+which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller, in
+December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord Hopton,
+who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by Colonel
+Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade the
+doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel himself,
+refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated men to
+whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de Alton, a
+Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and wrote on the
+universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin. John Pitts,
+the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and died in 1616;
+and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746, and died in
+1799.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M. departs 12-3/4
+   A.M.--_Fairs_, Saturday before May, sheep and lambs, September 29,
+   cattle and toys.--Commercial Banking Company, draw on Williams, and
+   Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated for hops, and manufactures in serges and other
+worsted fabrics.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church converted to a fortress.]
+
+
+[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of Bowden, and
+hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater's canal passes
+from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it possesses several
+factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the vicinity supplies the
+markets of Manchester well with fruit and vegetables. This town was
+anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham Massey, one of whom granted to
+it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth century.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 4-1/2 A.M., departs 9-1/2
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, April 29, August 5, November 22, for cattle and
+   drapery.--_Inns_, Bowling Green and Unicorn.
+
+[Sidenote: Yarn, cotton, and worsted manufactories]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.       | County.  | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+     7|Alvanley            chap|Chester   |Frodsham    3|Warrington  9|
+     7|Alvaston              to|Chester   |Sandbach    9|Middlewich 10|
+    10|Alvaston       to & chap|Derby     |Derby       4|Kegworth    8|
+    40|Alvechurch[A]         pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove  4|Redditch    4|
+    41|Alvediston            pa|Wilts     |Hindon      7|Wilton      8|
+    33|Alvely           pa & to|Salop     |Bridgenorth 6|Bewdley     8|
+    11|Alverdiscott          pa|Devon     |Bideford    4|Barnstaple  6|
+    16|Alverstoke            pa|Hants     |Gosport     1|Tichfield   6|
+    45|Alverthorpe           to|W.R. York |Wakefield   1|Leeds       7|
+    30|Alverton             ham|Notts     |Newark      7|Bingham     7|
+    31|Alvescott             pa|Oxford    |Burford     5|Bampton     3|
+    15|Alveston[B]           pa|Gloucester|Thornbury   3|New Pas     6|
+    39|Alveston              pa|Warwick   |Stratford   2|Warwick     7|
+    35|Alveton          pa & to|Stafford  |Cheadle     4|Uttaxeter   6|
+    24|Alvingham             pa|Lincoln   |Louth       4|Saltfleet   8|
+    15|Alvington            ham|Gloucester|Blakeney    6|Coleford    6|
+    19|Alwalton              pa|Hunts     |Peterboro   5|Stilton     6|
+    11|Alwington             pa|Devon     |Bideford    4|Torrington  6|
+    45|Alwoodley             to|W.R. York |Leeds       4|Ottley      5|
+    17|Amberly              ham|Hereford  |Hereford    6|Bromyard    9|
+    38|Amberly               pa|Sussex    |Arundel     4|Petworth    4|
+    16|Ambersham,      North ti|Hants     |Midhurst    3| ...        4|
+    16|Ambersham,      South ti|Hants     | ...        3| ...        4|
+    29|Amble                 to|Northumb  |Alnwick     9|Morpeth    11|
+    35|Amblecoat            ham|Stafford  |Stourbridge 1|Dudley      4|
+    40|Ambleside[C] m.t. & chap|Westmorlnd|Kendal     13|Helvelyn    8|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.       |  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     7|Alvanley            chap|Chester               10|  188|    341|
+     7|Alvaston              to|Whitchurch            11|  164|     46|
+    10|Alvaston       to & chap|Burton                12|  124|    364|
+    40|Alvechurch[A]         pa|Birmingham            11|  114|   1548|
+    41|Alvediston            pa|Shaftesbury            9|   92|    239|
+    33|Alvely           pa & to|Cleobury               9|  133|    836|
+    11|Alverdiscott          pa|Torrington             4|  200|    334|
+    16|Alverstoke            pa|Fareham                6|   79|  12637|
+    45|Alverthorpe           to|Dewsbury               5|  183|   4859|
+    30|Alverton             ham|Southwell              9|  118|     16|
+    31|Alvescott             pa|Whitney                6|   74|    361|
+    15|Alveston[B]           pa|Bristol                9|  119|    800|
+    39|Alveston              pa|Henley                 9|   96|    650|
+    35|Alveton          pa & to|Ashbourn               8|   42|   2391|
+    24|Alvingham             pa|Grimsby               18|  153|    292|
+    15|Alvington            ham|Chepstow               7|  128|    281|
+    19|Alwalton              pa|Wandsford              5|   80|    294|
+    11|Alwington             pa|Barnstaple            12|  206|    486|
+    45|Alwoodley             to|Wetherby               8|  193|    142|
+    17|Amberly              ham|Leominster             8|  135|     25|
+    38|Amberly               pa|Worthing              11|   51|    637|
+    16|Ambersham,      North ti|Haslemere              6|   49|    121|
+    16|Ambersham,      South ti| ...                   6|   49|    183|
+    29|Amble                 to|Felton                 6|  301|    247|
+    35|Amblecoat            ham|Wolverhamp             8|  122|   1157|
+    40|Ambleside[C] m.t. & chap|Winanderm              1|  278|   1095|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred of
+Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen
+annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large
+structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It
+however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded here by
+Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the county
+formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of England, in the
+reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a circumstantial
+account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop Latimer put
+it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have been merely a
+timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop since the
+restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled down, when
+the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, which rises in the
+Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards Beoley Park, and
+Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also passes it. This town
+formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen into decay, it
+however, receives some benefit from the Worcester canal, which passes
+it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon canal, at King's Norton.
+
+[Sidenote: Church of Anglo Norman architecture.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dilapidations of time.]
+
+
+[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman camps; the
+one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the other
+called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity
+have been discovered.
+
+[Sidenote: Two Roman camps.]
+
+
+[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity of
+the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch passes through the
+town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. It is
+scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic beauties
+of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in England, is
+to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory of woollen
+cloth.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for
+   horned cattle October 29, ditto and sheep--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M.,
+   departs 7 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Site of the Roman Dictus.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.         | County.|     Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+    57|Ambleston               pa|Pembroke|Haverfrd.W. 5|Fishguard   3|
+    31|Ambrosden          pa & to|Oxford  |Bicester    2|Aylesbury  14|
+    24|Amcotts                ham|Lincoln |Burton      4|Glandford  10|
+     5|Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & pa|Bucks   |Aylesbury  14|Chesham     3|
+    41|Amesbury[B]      m.t. & pa|Wilts   |Salisbury   7|Stone-Henge 3|
+   +--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                       |Dist. |
+   Map| Names of Places.          Number of Miles From |Lond. |Population.
+   +--+--------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+    57|Ambleston               pa|Newport            10|   266|    574|
+    31|Ambrosden          pa & to|Oxford             12|    51|    914|
+    24|Amcotts                ham|Epworth             9|   165|    359|
+     5|Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & pa|Beaconsfield        5|    26|   2612|
+    41|Amesbury[B]      m.t. & pa|Andover            14|    77|    544|
+   +--+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a branch of
+the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between two wooded
+hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge to Wendover;
+it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from Chesham to
+High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. The market is
+held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir William Drake,
+about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars and arches, with
+a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in the county.
+Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but by the Reform
+Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively repaired
+in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the family of the
+Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a monument of
+Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638; and also
+several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the adjoining
+mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by _Sheemaker_,
+and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. About a mile
+northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat of Sir Thomas
+Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the possession of the
+Brudenell's, which family terminated in a peeress, and brought
+Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat of William
+Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in one of her
+progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, who was one of the
+gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married Jane, the daughter and
+heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion is beautifully situated on
+the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense sheet of water, covering
+thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful prospect, particularly
+towards the east, where the town of Amersham, and the surrounding
+eminences, covered with wood, present a very picturesque appearance. The
+gardens, formerly much admired for their beauty, were originally formed
+by Sir William Drake, about 1666, but have been modernized by Richmond,
+for the late proprietor. Here is also a Free Grammar School, the
+scholars of which are entitled to three exhibitions in Corpus Christi
+College, Oxford, bequeathed by Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in
+1620; and likewise four alms houses, with other minor charities. The
+manufactures are chiefly lace, sacking, and all kinds of white cotton,
+wrought by machinery; and the markets are well attended.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and
+   September 19, for cattle, and statute.--_Inns_, Crown and
+   Griffin.--_Mail_ arrives 7 A.M., departs 9-1/4 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Town Hall, built by Sir W. Drake, 1680.]
+
+[Sidenote: Shardeloes park.]
+
+[Sidenote: Entertainment of Queen Elizabeth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Picturesque views.]
+
+
+[B] AMESBURY, or Ambresbury, is situated on the river Avon, and is said
+to derive its name and origin from an abbey, founded by the British
+Prince Ambrosius; which abbey was subsequently changed into a convent of
+Benedictine monks, of which some remains are still to be seen. In the
+parish, and about two miles from the town, is the celebrated British
+monument, known by the name of Stone-henge. Antiquaries differ in their
+opinions as to the probable application of this structure; the majority,
+however, deem it to have been a druidical temple, or a grand tribunal of
+justice. Out of twenty-four enormous stones, of which the outer circular
+range appears to have been formed, seventeen are still standing, and
+seven on the ground; of the inner circle, eleven out of the nineteen of
+which it was formed are still upright, and the remainder prostrate. The
+distance of the inner circle from the outer one is about eight feet,
+forming a walk between the two of about three hundred feet in
+circumference; the stones are from eighteen to twenty feet high, from
+six to seven feet broad, and about three feet thick, and there is an
+appearance of the whole having been surrounded with a trench, over which
+were three passages. There are numerous barrows and tumuli around it,
+where many skeletons and military weapons have been discovered.
+Conjecture has been at a loss to ascertain the means by which such solid
+masses could have been conveyed, and placed in so elevated a situation
+without the aid of machinery. It stands near the summit of a hill; even
+at the distance of half a mile the appearance is awful; but on a nearer
+approach, the eye is still more delighted with the greatness of its
+contour. On entering the building, either on foot or horseback, these
+ruins fill the mind with astonishment, which it is impossible for the
+pen adequately to describe. Other buildings have fallen by
+piece-meal--here a single stone is a ruin. As you advance farther, the
+greatness of every part, and the singular construction of the whole,
+causes additional surprise. Some authors suppose that this noble temple
+does not owe its defacement so much to the introduction of Christianity,
+as to the rude and barbarous hands of the neighbouring peasantry, who
+have carried away the stones for their own purposes. At a house which
+occupies part of the ancient nunnery, a society of nuns of St.
+Augustine, from Flanders, have taken up their abode, probably attracted
+by the supposed sanctity of the situation. Near the town stands the once
+celebrated house of the Dukes of Queensbury, built by Inigo Jones, and
+subsequently improved by the Earl of Burlington. The neighbourhood
+abounds with clay used for making tobacco pipes, and the river Avon
+supplies a very much admired species of fish called loach. In the
+vicinity is a camp, called Vespasians. It consists of a triangular area
+of 39 acres, defended by a ditch and vallum, and bounded on two sides by
+the Avon. This may have been occupied by the Romans, but its
+construction and position indicate a British origin.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Mail_ arrives 11 P.M., departs 4 A.M.--_Fair_,
+   May 17, June 22, December 18, for horses, sheep, and horned
+   cattle.--_Inn_, George.
+
+[Sidenote: Founded by the British Prince Ambrosius.]
+
+[Sidenote: Stone-henge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its awful appearance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery of St. Augustine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Camp of 39 acres.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |     Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    47|Almwich[A]     pa|Anglesey  |Beaumaris  20|Llanerch   6|
+    43|Amotherby      to|N.R. York |New Malton  3|Pickering  7|
+    15|Ampney Cruci   pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 3|Northleach 9|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    47|Almwich[A]     pa|Holyhead              21|  261|  6285|
+    43|Amotherby      to|Helmsley              11|  221|   246|
+    15|Ampney Cruci   pa|Lechlade               9|   87|   599|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ALMWICH, a seaport town in the parish of the same name, in the
+hundred of Twerclyn. It is situated on the north coast of the Island of
+Anglesey; and from a small village (in consequence of the discovery of a
+rich copper-mine in the Parys mountain) has been augmented into a
+considerable town: the appearance of this celebrated mountain is very
+rude; it is bare of vegetation, in consequence of the suffocating fumes
+which issue from it. The Romans are supposed to have obtained copper ore
+from this place, as many vestiges of what, it is imagined, were their
+operations, are still traceable. The great riches of the site were not,
+however, discovered until March 2, 1768, by the lessees of Sir Nicholas
+Bayley, afterwards Earl of Uxbridge; and equally successful was the Rev.
+Edward Hughes, proprietor of another part of the same ridge. The
+substance of the mountain being ore, it has not been worked in the usual
+way, by shafts and levels, but by direct excavation. "Nature," Mr.
+Pennant observes, "hath been profuse in bestowing her mineral favours on
+this spot, for above the copper ore, and not more than three-quarters of
+a yard beneath the common soil, is a bed of yellowish greasy clay, from
+one to four yards thick, containing lead ore, and yielding from six
+hundred to a thousand pounds weight of lead from one ton; and one ton of
+the metal yields not less than fifty-seven ounces of silver. Mixed with
+the earth are frequently certain parts, of the colour of cinnabar;
+whether these are symptomatic of the sulphurous arsenical silver ores,
+or of quick-silver, I will not pretend to decide. Something interferes
+with the successful smelting of this earth in the great, insomuch that
+it has not yet been of that profit to the adventurers, which might
+reasonably be expected from the crucible assays of it." From this
+mountain arises a mineral water, which turns the syrup of violets red,
+without any signs of chalybeate. To enumerate the mineral substances
+found from time to time would prove a tedious employment, and perhaps an
+unimportant one. The following are the principal and most useful:--1.
+Yellow sulphurated copper ore; 2. Native copper, in small quantities; 3.
+Sulphate of copper, both chrystallized and in solution; 4. Sulphate of
+lead, containing a small portion of silver; 5. Black ore, containing
+copper with galenea, calamine, and some silver; 6. Native sulphur. Not
+far from Parys Mountain is the port whence the ore brought from the
+mines is transported to Liverpool and Swansea; it is a chasm between two
+rocks, large enough to receive thirty vessels, each 200 tons. The two
+companies employ fifteen brigs, from 100 to 150 tons burden, besides
+sloops and other craft. The articles exported from these copper mines
+are principally a coarse copper from the smelting-house, a richer copper
+ore, dried precipitate of copper from the vitriol pits, refined sulphur,
+ochre, alum, and green vitriol. Though much improved by the copper
+companies, this port is so exposed to the swell of the ocean, as to make
+it difficult and dangerous of access, during the prevalence of high
+northerly winds.
+
+   _Fair_, November 12.
+
+[Sidenote: From this place the Romans obtained copper ore.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lead ore which yields silver also.]
+
+[Sidenote: Various minerals.]
+
+[Sidenote: The port, a chasm between the rocks.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.    | County.  |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    15|Ampney Down[A]     pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 6|Cricklade   3|
+    15|Ampney, St. Mary,}   |          |             |             |
+      |  or Ashbrook    } pa|Ditto     |Cirencester 4|Fairford    5|
+    15|Ampney, St. Peter    |Ditto     |Cirencester 4|Fairford    4|
+    43|Ampleforth    pa & to|N.R. York |Helmsley    4|New Malton 13|
+    16|Amport             pa|Hants     |Andover     5|Ludgershall 5|
+     3|Ampthill[B] m.t. & pa|Bedford   |Bedford     8|Woburn      7|
+    36|Ampton             pa|Suffolk   |Bury        5|Ixworth     5|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    15|Ampney Down[A]     pa|Fairford               4|   85|    463|
+    15|Ampney, St. Mary,}   |                        |     |       |
+      |  or Ashbrook    } pa|Bibury                 3|   88|    115|
+    15|Ampney, St. Peter    |Cricklade              5|   86|    180|
+    43|Ampleforth    pa & to|York                  18|  223|    623|
+    16|Amport             pa|Salisbury             13|   69|    731|
+     3|Ampthill[B] m.t. & pa|Toddington             7|   46|   1688|
+    36|Ampton             pa|Thetford               8|   76|    110|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] AMPNEY DOWN. The church of this place is very curious, and is said
+to have been built by the Knights Templars, about the year 1260. Under
+the window at the south-end of the transept, is the tomb of Sir Nicholas
+de Villiers and his lady, with their effigies, represented under an
+arch. The knight is represented as a crusader, in mail and surtout, with
+his legs crossed, his feet resting on a lion, and his right hand on the
+hilt of his sword; on his left arm is a shield bearing the Cross of St.
+George, charged with five escalop-shells. This figure is of hard blue
+stone; that of the lady is of free-stone, and much mutilated. Below the
+effigies of the knight is a mutilated inscription in the Saxon
+character. An ancient mansion, built by the family of the Hungerfords,
+in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was repaired and modernized, as to its
+exterior, a few years ago. It belongs, with the manor, to the family of
+Eliot, of Port Eliot, in Cornwall.
+
+[Sidenote: The church built by the Knights Templars.]
+
+
+[B] AMPTHILL is situated between two hills in the centre of the county.
+Here is an obelisk of Portland stone, forming a receptacle for a pump;
+and also a Gothic cross, which was erected in 1744, to the memory of
+Catherine of Arragon, by the Earl of Upper Ossory, who was then
+proprietor of Ampthill Park, at a former period the residence of that
+ill-treated Queen. This park, which lies to the west of the town, is now
+the seat of Lord Holland; it was constituted a royal domain by Henry
+VIII., who conferred a name on the annexed estates, the "Honour of
+Ampthill;" the old castle in which Queen Catherine resided, stood on a
+more elevated ground than the present mansion, which is a magnificent
+structure, with wings, and a flight of steps leading to a handsome hall;
+the park, which is now united with that of Houghton, is spacious, and
+presents several most delightful prospects. At the entrance of Ampthill
+Park there is a pear tree, under which it is reported that Sir Philip
+Sydney wrote a part of his Arcadia.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 6 A.M.. departs 8-1/2 P.M.--_Fairs_, May 4, and
+   November 30, for cattle.--_Inn_, White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Under a pear-tree in Ampthill park Sir Philip Sydney wrote
+part of his Arcadia.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+    57|Amroth[A]         pa|Pembroke |Narbeth    6|Tenby       6|
+    18|Amwell, Great[B]  pa|Hertford |Ware       1|Hoddesdon   3|
+    18|Amwell, Little  chap|Hertford |Ware       1|Hoddesdon   3|
+    24|Ancaster[C]       pa|Lincoln  |Grantham   6|Sleaford    8|
+    13|Ancroft         chap|Durham   |Berwick    6|Coldstream 10|
+    24|Anderby           pa|Lincoln  |Alford     6|Spilsby    10|
+    32|Anderson, or        |         |            |             |
+      |  Anderstone      pa|Dorset   |Blandford  7|Bere Regis  3|
+     7|Anderton          pa|Chester  |Northwich  2|Warrington  9|
+    22|Anderton          pa|Lancaster|Wigan      3|Bolton      4|
+    36|Andover[D] m.t. & pa|Hants    |Salisbury 18|Stockbridge 7|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    57|Amroth[A]         pa|Llaugharne          10|  251|    654|
+    18|Amwell, Great[B]  pa|Hertford             3|   20|   1321|
+    18|Amwell, Little  chap|Hertford             3|   20|    369|
+    24|Ancaster[C]       pa|Newark              14|  116|    491|
+    13|Ancroft         chap|Wooler              10|  253|   1384|
+    24|Anderby           pa|Saltfleet           12|  142|    217|
+    32|Anderson, or        |                      |     |       |
+      |  Anderstone      pa|Poole               12|  110|     54|
+     7|Anderton          pa||Knutsford           6|  175|    327|
+    22|Anderton          pa|Chorley              5|  201|    343|
+    36|Andover[D] m.t. & pa|Whitchurch           7|   64|   4843|
+   +--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] AMROTH. The castle of Amroth, now modernized, from the house
+formerly called Eare Wear, was in the 15th century, a settlement of the
+Elliott's. The present proprietor is Captain Ackland, by purchase, from
+a female representative of the Elliotts. The most judiciously
+assimilating additions have been made so as to give it every appendage
+of convenience and luxury. The antique porch is nicely preserved. The
+conservatory and grapery are entered from the dining-rooms, which was
+once a vaulted roofed ale cellar, or castle prison. A portion of this
+vault remains unaltered. From the lawn is a beautiful and interesting
+view of Tenby. The church of Amroth, on the road to Ludchurch, is
+situated on a limestone rock, which has been reduced on every side, and
+is remarkable for a curiously disposed tower.
+
+[Sidenote: View of Tenby.]
+
+
+[B] GREAT AMWELL is supposed to have derived its name from Emma's Well,
+a pure water-fountain that issues from a hill, and forms one of the
+sources of the New River. Here is a monument erected by Mr. Milne, to
+the ill-requited Sir Hugh Middleton, in a small islet formed by the said
+river. Sir Hugh, notwithstanding the assistance afforded him by
+Parliament, and the City of London, ruined himself by procuring supplies
+of water to the metropolis. Great mystery envelopes the latter period of
+his life. It is traditionally reported that he retired to the village of
+Kemberton, near Shiffnall, in Shropshire, where he resided some time in
+great indigence, under the assumed name of Raymond, and it is said that
+during such residence he was actually employed in paving the streets.
+The poet Warner, author of "Albion's England," lies interred here. The
+church is situated on an eminence, the picturesque beauty of which has
+been justly celebrated by the admirable poet, usually denominated Scott
+of Amwell, from his residence in the village, and the title of his poem.
+
+[Sidenote: Emma's Well, one of sources of the New River]
+
+[Sidenote: Indigence of Sir Hugh Middleton.]
+
+
+[C] ANCASTER. This parish is situated on the great Roman road, called
+Ermin-street, and bears strong evidence of having been a Roman station;
+many authors unite to fix here the ancient Causennae. It occupies a low
+situation, and at the north end flows a small brook. From the vestiges
+which remain of military works it has certainly been a place of great
+strength. A great number of coins, and other antiquities, have been
+found here in such quantities, as to become a source of considerable
+emolument to the inhabitants of the place; so much so, that at one time
+many became extensive dealers in them. These coins are of various
+Emperors. Several mosaic pavements have also been discovered here. It is
+highly probable from these circumstances, that Ancaster was the Causennae
+of Antoninus. About the town are several quarries of stone, which is
+found very near the surface. Ancaster once gave the title of Duke to the
+head of the Bertie family, but that Dukedom is now extinct.
+
+[Sidenote: Mosaic pavements.]
+
+
+[D] ANDOVER, situated on the river Anton, is supposed to have been the
+Andaoreon of the Romans; and this opinion seems to have been
+countenanced by the remains of several ancient encampments in the
+neighbourhood, and by the Roman road, which runs from Winchester to
+Cirencester, and passes through the town. The antiquity of the
+corporation is as remote as the reign of John, but the present charter
+was granted by Queen Elizabeth; the town is extensive, and two of the
+streets are handsome and wide. There is a spacious town-hall, supported
+by arches, under which the weekly market is held. The church, situated
+at the north of the town, is a large Gothic building, consisting of a
+nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a transept on the north, and a low
+tower rising from the centre; it existed in the time of the Conqueror,
+and is dedicated to St. Mary. Within four miles of the town is held the
+great annual fair of Weyhill, which, as it lasts for a week, causes much
+circulation of money in Andover. In addition to the many small Roman
+encampments in the immediate neighbourhood, there is a very large one on
+the summit of Bury Hill, about two miles to the S.S.W.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 2-3/4 A.M., departs 11-3/4
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, Friday and Saturday after Mid-Lent, for cheese,
+   horses, and leather; May 17, November 13, for sheep, horses, leather,
+   and cheese.--_Bankers_, T. & W. Heath, draw on Masterman and
+   Co.--_Inns_, Star and Garter, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Weyhill Fair.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.        | County.   |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+
+    54|Andrew, St.            pa|Glamorgan  |Cardiff   5|Llandaff     5|
+    54|Andrew, St. Minor      pa|Glamorgan  |Cowbridge 3|Bridgend     6|
+    36|Andrew, St. Ilketshall pa|Suffolk    |Bungay    4|Beccles      4|
+    34|Angersleigh            pa|Somerset   |Taunton   4|Wellington   4|
+    29|Angerton (High)        to|Northumb   |Morpeth   9|Hartburn     1|
+    29|Angerton, (Low)        to|Northumb   | ...      9| ...         2|
+    57|Angle                  pa|Pembroke   |Pembroke  9|Milford by W 6|
+    47|Anglesey, Isle of[A]     |North Wales|           |              |
+    22|Anglezarke             to|Lancaster  |Bolton    6|Chorley      5|
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+
+                                                        |Dist.
+   Map| Names of Places.        | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    54|Andrew, St.            pa|Cowbridge             8|  165|     474|
+    54|Andrew, St. Minor      pa|Cardiff              15|  175|      16|
+    36|Andrew, St. Ilketshall pa|Halesworth            7|  106|     512|
+    34|Angersleigh            pa|Ilminster            11|  145|      54|
+    29|Angerton (High)        to|Rothbury             12|  290|      64|
+    29|Angerton, (Low)        to| ...                 13|  289|      55|
+    57|Angle                  pa|The Lightho.          4|  264|     458|
+    47|Anglesey, Isle of[A]     |                       |     |   48328|
+    22|Anglezarke             to|Blackburn             9|  203|     168|
+   +--+-------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ANGLESEY (Isle and County of), forms one of the six counties of
+North Wales, and is situated at the north western extremity of the
+principality. It is watered on three sides by the Irish sea, and
+separated on the eastern side from Caernarvonshire, by the serpentine
+strait of Menai, from three-quarters to half a mile broad. Its form is
+irregular, being indented with many small bays and creeks, which gave it
+some maritime importance under its native princes. It has received
+numerous appellations from the ancient Britons; the most approved of
+which was Mon, signifying remote, Latinised by the Romans into Mona, the
+"nurse of Wales," from its fruitfulness; and changed by the Saxons into
+Angles-ey, or the Englishman's Island. It was the principal
+establishment of the Druids in Britain, until this island was invaded by
+the Romans, A.D. 59, under Suetonius Paulinus, who ordered their groves
+to be cut down, and stationed a garrison to insure obedience. The
+climate of Anglesey is mild, and the sea-breezes render the weather more
+temperate here than in the other counties of North Wales, although from
+the same cause it is less clear: that portion of the island which
+borders on the Menai, the site of the terrific Druidical groves, is
+richly wooded. The interior, on the contrary, owing to the great
+scarcity of fuel, has been rendered nearly devoid of wood; and the
+greater part of the island possesses little of hill and dale beyond a
+gentle and undiversified undulation of surface; its general aspect is
+uninviting and cheerless. The land, however, is good, and under proper
+management very productive, as respects both tillage and pasturage.
+About 25,000 head of black cattle (exclusive of sheep and hogs), are
+annually supplied to the English market, where they are much admired for
+their flavour and tenderness, occasioned by the short bite of the
+pasturage on which they feed. Before the erection of the suspension
+bridge, the passage of the numerous droves of cattle at the five
+authorized ferries of the Menai, was a very extraordinary sight; they
+were made to swim over, guided by the drovers in boats. Butter, cheese,
+hides, tallow, wax, and honey, form also great articles of trade here;
+throughout the island there are but few manufactures of any importance.
+The shore abounds in some of the most highly prized marine productions,
+and is especially celebrated for the variety and beauty of its sea
+shells. Anglesey is as interesting to the antiquary, as to the natural
+philosopher. The ancient British vestiges are very numerous; comprising
+no less than twenty-eight cromlechs, or Druidical altars, together with
+circles, monumental stones, entrenchments, and other remains of a
+similar description, both British and Roman, which will receive
+attention in their proper places; several of the parish churches (of
+which the whole, seventy-four, stand near the coast), with various
+monastic remains, also deserve examination on the score of antiquity.
+Mona, now Anglesey, was the chief seat of the Druids, A.D. 59. Suetonius
+Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, was invested with the command of an
+army, and prepared to signalize his name by victories over those
+barbarians. Finding this island the chief seat of the Druids, he
+resolved to attack it, and bring into subjection a place which was the
+centre of their superstition, and which afforded protection to all their
+baffled forces. The Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this
+sacred island, both by the force of their arms, and the terrors of their
+religion. The women and priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon
+the shore; and running about with flaming torches in their hands, and
+tossing their disheveled hair, they struck greater terror into the
+astonished Romans by their howlings, cries and execrations, than the
+real danger from the armed forces was able to inspire. But Suetonius,
+exhorting his troops to disregard the menaces of a superstition which he
+despised, impelled them to the attack, drove the Britons off the field,
+burned the Druids in the same fires which those priests had prepared for
+their captive enemies; destroyed all their consecrated groves and
+altars--and having thus triumphed over the religion of the Britons, he
+thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the people to
+subjection; but in this expectation he was disappointed. The
+circumference of the island is seventy-six miles. The sea-passage from
+Holyhead to Dublin, is about sixty miles, which is now traversed by
+steam packets daily. Next to agriculture, and the rearing of cattle,
+mining affords most employment to the labouring population; a great
+number of persons are also engaged in fishing and catching wild-fowl,
+round the coast. It comprises 200,000 acres of land.
+
+[Sidenote: Originally the principal establishment of the Druids.]
+
+[Sidenote: Annual exportation of cattle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prized for its marine productions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Invasion of the Romans]
+
+[Sidenote: The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their
+enemies.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.     | County.  |     Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+   37 |Agmering            pa|Sussex    |L. Hampton    4|Arundel     4|
+   46 |Angram              to|N.R. York |Tadcaster     3|Wetherby    7|
+   43 |Angram Grange       to|N.R. York |Easingwold    4|Thirsk      7|
+   29 |Anick               to|Northumb  |Hexham        2|Corbridge   3|
+   29 |Anick Grange        to|Northumb  | ...          2| ...        3|
+   46 |Anlaby              to|E.R. York |Hull          4|Beverley    7|
+   27 |Anmer               pa|Norfolk   |Castle Rising 6|Burnham M. 10|
+   30 |Annesley            pa|Nottingham|Mansfield     6|Nottingham 10|
+   39 |Ansley[A]           pa|Warwick   |Nuneaton      5|Atherstone  3|
+   35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Stafford  |Burton-on-T.  3|Uttoxeter   9|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------+
+   37 |Agmering            pa|Steyning                 8|   58|    928|
+   46 |Angram              to|York                     6|  194|     67|
+   43 |Angram Grange       to|Borobridge              11|  217|     28|
+   29 |Anick               to|Newcastle               18|  278|    163|
+   29 |Anick Grange        to| ...                    18|  278|     36|
+   46 |Anlaby              to|South Cave               7|  171|       |
+   27 |Anmer               pa|Lynn                    11|  106|    132|
+   30 |Annesley            pa|Newsted Ab.              3|  134|    402|
+   39 |Ansley[A]           pa|Coventry                 9|  101|    773|
+   35 |Anslow, or Annesley to|Abbots Brom              8|  128|    270|
+   +--+----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in
+1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial
+seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park,
+rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected
+with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited
+it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:--
+
+   Beneath this stony roof reclined,
+   I sooth to peace my pensive mind.
+
+On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a
+monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.
+Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture,
+and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.
+
+[Sidenote: A hermitage and Chinese temple.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |      Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    18|Anstey[A]          pa|Herts     |Barkway      3|Buntingford  4|
+    23|Anstey           chap|Leicester |Leicester    4|Mount Sorrel 5|
+    39|Anstey             pa|Warwick   |Coventry     5|Nuneaton     6|
+    41|Anstey             pa|Wilts     |Hindon       5|Shaftesbury  6|
+    11|Anstey, East       pa|Devon     |Dulverton    3|S. Moulton  10|
+    11|Anstey, West       pa|Devon     | ...         4| ...         9|
+    45|Anston        to & pa|W.R. York |Worksop      6|Tickhill     7|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Cornwall  |Falmouth     5|Helston      8|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Cornwall  |St. Mawes    2|Falmouth     3|
+    27|Antingham          pa|Norfolk   |N. Walsham   3|Cromer       6|
+     8|Anthony, West, or St.|          |              |              |
+      |  Jacobs[B]        pa|Cornwall  |Devonport    4|Saltash      4|
+     7|Antrobus           to|Chester   |Northwich    4|Warrington   8|
+    24|Anwick             pa|Lincoln   |Sleaford     5|Tattershall  8|
+    28|Apethorpe        chap|Northamp  |Wandesford   4|Stamford     7|
+    24|Apley            chap|Lincoln   |Wragby       2|Lincoln     10|
+    15|Apperley          ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury   4|Cheltenham   6|
+    24|Appleby[C]         pa|Lincoln   |Glandford B. 7|Burton       5|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+    18|Anstey[A]          pa|Stocking Pel.           4|   33|     417|
+    23|Anstey           chap|Loughboro'              8|  100|     850|
+    39|Anstey             pa|Rugby                  10|   93|     268|
+    41|Anstey             pa|Wilton                  9|   95|     348|
+    11|Anstey, East       pa|Bampton                 6|  169|     166|
+    11|Anstey, West       pa|  ...                   7|  169|     226|
+    45|Anston        to & pa|Sheffield              10|  152|     776|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Lizard Point           12|  275|     300|
+     8|Anthony, St.       pa|Truro                   9|  270|     144|
+    27|Antingham          pa|Aylesham                6|  126|     248|
+     8|Anthony, West, or St.|                         |     |        |
+      |  Jacobs[B]        pa|St. Germains            3|  123|    3099|
+     7|Antrobus           to|Frodsham               11|  179|     476|
+    24|Anwick             pa|Metheringh              9|  120|     235|
+    28|Apethorpe        chap|Oundle                  6|   84|     297|
+    24|Apley            chap|Horncastle             12|  143|     152|
+    15|Apperley          ham|Glocester               6|  104|     401|
+    24|Appleby[C]         pa|Barton                  8|  163|     517|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the
+reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of
+keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time
+of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat
+surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional
+works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle
+of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as
+traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road
+called Ermine Street, passes through this village.
+
+[Sidenote: Ruins of a Castle.]
+
+
+[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony,
+formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East
+Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is
+situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon
+Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by
+Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a
+respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard
+Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a
+hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well
+deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family,
+there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a brass plate, beneath
+an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady
+of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander
+Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of
+the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the
+measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the
+command of St. Michael's Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them
+into the King's possession; but the design being discovered to the
+Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and
+there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty
+he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea
+to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a
+court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23,
+1644. WEST ANTHONY, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing
+village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns
+of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of
+the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important
+towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of
+that title; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the
+sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and
+visitors to Plymouth.
+
+[Sidenote: Mount Edgecomb.]
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Carew family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir A. Crew beheaded.]
+
+
+[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds
+near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near
+Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small
+burden. That very ancient British road--the Ermine-street--passes
+through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the
+Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving
+nearly a due northerly direction, passing through the city of Lincoln,
+continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a
+great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | County.     | Number of Miles From |
+   +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
+    10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Derb. & Leic.|Ashby  6|M. Bosworth 7|
+    40|Appleby[B]     m.t. & pa|  Westmor    |Brough 8|Penrith    14|
+   +--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    10|Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] pa|Atherstone           7|  112|   1150|
+    40|Appleby[B]     m.t. & pa|Orton                9|  270|   1459|
+   +--+------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of
+Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school
+for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.
+
+
+[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is
+almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the
+site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since
+the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen,
+and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum
+without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament,
+but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been
+assailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it suffered
+seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its
+former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad
+street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of
+which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon
+origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market
+houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic
+building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall
+and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross.
+Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which
+were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a
+borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in
+this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the
+mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to
+the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present
+neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with
+three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.
+Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be
+noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de
+Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of
+Ossory, in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen's College,
+Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was
+vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out,
+and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as
+Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should
+want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to
+all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the
+Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at
+Queen's College, Oxford, and entitled to participate in five exhibitions
+of L60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady
+Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the
+celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the
+Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the
+marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family
+of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which
+is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the
+former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks
+of the Parliamentary Army, under the influence of its owner, the
+aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church
+of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady,
+contains a noble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best
+supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little
+trade, and no manufacture of importance.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday--_Mail_ arrives at 1-1/2 A.M., departs 11-3/4
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &c; November 24, for
+   sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by the Scots.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent characters born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Appleby castle.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.       | County.  |   Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+    11|Appledore              pa|Devon     |Bideford    2|Torrington   11|
+    21|Appledore[A]    m.t. & pa|Kent      |Tenterden   4|New Romney    7|
+    38|Appledram              pa|Sussex    |Chichester  2|Portsmouth   16|
+    16|Appledurcombe         ham|Hants     |Newport     6|Niton         3|
+     5|Appleford            chap|Berks     |Abingdon    4|Dorchester    3|
+    16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Hants     |Ludgershall 4|Andover       5|
+    40|Applethwaite[C]        to|Westmor   |Ambleside   5|Bowness       3|
+     4|Appleton[D]       to & pa|Berks     |Abingdon    5|Oxford        6|
+    22|Appleton               to|Lancashire|Warrington  7|Prescot       5|
+    44|Appleton               to|N.R. York |Catterick   3|Richmond      4|
+    43|Appleton-le-Moors      to|N.R. York |Pickering   5|Kirkby        3|
+    43|Appleton-le-Street     to|N.R. York |New Malton  4|Pickering     7|
+    46|Appleton Roebuck       to|N.R. York |York        7|Selby         8|
+    44|Appleton on Wisk       to|N.R. York |Yarm        7|Northallerton 7|
+    30|Appletree             ham|Northamp  |Banbury     7|Daventry     10|
+    44|Appletrewick[E]        to|N.R. York |Skipton     8|Settle       16|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.       |   Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+    11|Appledore              pa|Barnstaple             7|  204|     1450|
+    21|Appledore[A]    m.t. & pa|Rye                    6|   61|      698|
+    38|Appledram              pa|Petersfield           13|   64|      188|
+    16|Appledurcombe         ham|Shanklin               3|   91|      ...|
+     5|Appleford            chap|Wallingford            6|   52|      179|
+    16|Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chap|Salisbury             13|   68|      355|
+    40|Applethwaite[C]        to|Kendall                8|  270|      417|
+     4|Appleton[D]       to & pa|Wantage               10|   61|      447|
+    22|Appleton               to|Liverpool             11|  195|     1439|
+    44|Appleton               to|Bedale                 6|  228|       83|
+    43|Appleton-le-Moors      to|Helmsley               8|  231|      269|
+    43|Appleton-le-Street     to|York                  18|  218|      860|
+    46|Appleton Roebuck       to|Tadcaster              5|  189|      638|
+    44|Appleton on Wisk       to|Darlington            11|  232|      553|
+    30|Appletree             ham|Southam                9|   77|       83|
+    44|Appletrewick[E]        to|Burnsall               1|  224|      425|
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the
+hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime
+consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly
+inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is
+very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort,
+which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the
+year 893.
+
+   _Market_. Tuesday.--_Fairs_. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle
+   and pedlery.
+
+[Sidenote: Principally inhabited by Graziers.]
+
+
+[B] APPLESHAW.--Great Show Fair, Friday and Saturday before Weyhill
+Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.
+
+
+[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere
+belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject only to
+a tithe of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes
+composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red
+char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes
+of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets
+during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to
+different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand
+regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families
+of the first distinction.
+
+[Sidenote: Lake of Winandermere.]
+
+[Sidenote: Grand Regatta.]
+
+
+[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician
+and chemist, Edmund Dickinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20
+years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published
+a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian
+Apollo, and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy
+Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed
+Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the
+doctrine of the Transmutation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of
+which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the
+universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly
+and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of the learned Edmund Dickinson]
+
+
+[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder
+of the noble House of Craven, who by his industry and good conduct arose
+from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London--a proof
+of the advantages attendant on industry.
+
+[Sidenote: House of Craven.]
+
+  Map| Names of Places.              | County. |   Number of Miles From   |
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
+    4|Arborfield[A]                to|Berks    |Wokingham 5|Swallowfield 3|
+   22|Arbury                       to|Lancaster|Newton    3|Warrington   2|
+    7|Arclid                       to|Chester  |Sandbach  2|Congleton    5|
+   45|Arden                        to|W.R. York|Thirsk   10|Stokesley   11|
+   38|Ardingley[B]                 pa|Sussex   |Cuckfield 4|E. Grinstead 7|
+    4|Ardington                    pa|Berks    |Wantage   3|Abingdon     8|
+   14|Ardleigh                     pa|Essex    |Colchester 5|Manningtree 4|
+   31|Ardley                       pa|Oxford   |Bicester  4|Middleton    3|
+   45|Ardsley                      to|W.R. York|Barnsley  2|Wakefield   11|
+   45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|W.R. York|Wakefield 5|Leeds        6|
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+  Map| Names of Places.              |Number of Miles From |Lond.|-ation.
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+    4|Arborfield[A]                to|Reading             4|   36|     268|
+   22|Arbury                       to|Liverpool          18|  186|     280|
+    7|Arclid                       to|Middlewich          6|  162|      79|
+   45|Arden                        to|Kirkby             10|  227|     130|
+   38|Ardingley[B]                 pa|Crawley             7|   33|     587|
+    4|Ardington                    pa|East Ilsley         7|   57|     404|
+   14|Ardleigh                     pa|Dedham              2|   56|    1545|
+   31|Ardley                       pa|Aynhoe              5|   58|     170|
+   45|Ardsley                      to|Rotherham           8|  172|    1029|
+   45|Ardsley,[C] East & West to & pa|Huddersfield       11|  187|    2303|
+  +--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the
+church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the
+Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of
+the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family
+was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly
+Mogg.
+
+   _Fair_, October 5, cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Molly Mogg.]
+
+
+[B] ARDINGLEY. In the parish church are several monuments of the ancient
+families of the Wakehursts and Culpeppers; one of which is a tomb to the
+memory of Nicholas Culpepper and his lady, who died in the beginning of
+the sixteenth century. This monument bears his portraiture with that of
+his wife and eighteen children. Nicholas Culpepper, the celebrated
+herbalist and astrologer, was born in London in 1616, and after
+receiving his education at the university of Cambridge, was apprenticed
+to an apothecary. He came to London and settled in Spitalfields about
+1642. He commenced a war with the College of Physicians, by accusing
+them of deceit and ignorance, and published a translation of their
+"Dispensary," giving an account of the supposed virtues of each drug,
+and the complaints in which they were used. He was also author of the
+"Herbal," which is written with much clearness, and distinctly
+explained. It passed through many editions. From the tenor of his
+writings, it may be gathered that he joined or at least favoured the
+Jesuits.
+
+   _Fair_, May 30, Pedlary.
+
+[Sidenote: Culpepper, the herbalist and astrologer.]
+
+
+[C] ARDSLEY. The birth place of James Nayler, a Quaker, who was
+remarkable both on account of the extravagance of the delusions which
+for some time possessed him and his followers, and the excessive
+severity of the punishment which was inflicted upon him. He was the son
+of an industrious little farmer, who supported his family by the
+cultivation of his own estate. About the age of twenty-two he married,
+and removed into the parish of Wakefield, where he continued till the
+breaking out of the civil wars in 1641. He then entered into the
+parliament army, and served as a soldier eight or nine years, at first
+under Lord Fairfax, and afterwards as quarter-master in major-general
+Lambert's troop in Scotland; till, being disabled by sickness, he
+returned home about the year 1649. At this time he was a member of the
+Independent party, and continued so till the year 1651, when the
+preaching of George Fox made him a convert to the communion of the
+Quakers, as they are called. Among them he soon commenced preacher, and,
+according to their judgment, acquitted himself well both in speaking and
+writing.
+
+[Sidenote: J. Nayler, the Quaker, a remarkable fanatic;]
+
+[Sidenote: becomes a soldier.]
+
+In the beginning of the following year he imagined he heard a voice,
+calling upon him to renounce his kindred and his father's house, and go
+into the west, promising that God would be with him. In obedience to
+this voice, which he believed to be the voice of God, he went about
+preaching from place to place, and greatly increased the numbers of the
+new sect. Towards the close of the year 1654, or early in 1655, he came
+to London, where he found a meeting of Friends which had been
+established by Edward Burrough and Francis Howgill, among whom he so
+greatly distinguished himself by his preaching, that many drew invidious
+comparisons between him and his brethren, which created uneasiness and
+differences in the society. To such a length did these proceed, that
+some women, admirers of Nayler, assumed the liberty of interrupting and
+disputing with Howgill and Burrough in the midst of their preachings,
+and thus disturbed the peace of the meetings. For this conduct they were
+reproved by these preachers; upon which they complained so loudly and
+passionately to Nayler, that he was weak enough to take their part, and
+was so intoxicated with their flattering praises, that he became
+estranged from his best friends, who strongly disapproved of and
+lamented his conduct. In the year 1658 we find him in Devonshire, where
+he was committed to Exeter jail for propagating his opinions. Here he
+received letters from some of his female admirers and others, written in
+the most extravagant strains, calling him the everlasting Son of
+righteous--the Prince of peace--the only begotten Son of God--the
+fairest among ten thousand, &c., and some of his followers kneeled
+before him in the prison, and kissed his feet. It is but justice,
+however, to the Quakers in general to mention, that they had now
+disowned Nayler and his adherents.
+
+[Sidenote: Committed to Exeter Jail for blasphemy.]
+
+Soon afterwards Nayler was released from imprisonment, and intended to
+return to London, but, taking Bristol in his way, as he passed through
+Glastonbury and Wells, his deluded attendants strewed their garments
+before him. When they came to Bedminster, about a mile from Bristol,
+they carried their extravagance to the highest pitch; for they formed a
+procession in imitation of our Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem, in
+which a man walked bare-headed before Nayler, and a woman led his horse,
+while other women spread their scarfs and hankerchiefs in the road, and
+the company sung, "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts; Hosanna in
+the highest! holy, holy is the Lord God of Israel!" In this manner these
+mad people made their entrance into Bristol, marching through the mire
+and dirt, to the amazement of some, and the diversion of others; but the
+magistrates thought proper to interfere, and, after what had passed,
+committed them to prison. Soon afterwards they were sent to London and a
+committee was appointed by parliament to examine witnesses against
+Nayler, upon a charge of blasphemy, for admitting religious worship to
+be paid ti him, and for assuming the names and incommunicable titles and
+attributes of our blessed Saviour. Before the committee, he did not deny
+what was alleged concerning the extraordinary proceeding in Exeter jail,
+and at his entrance into Bristol; while defending himself by maintaining
+that the honours which he received were not shown to him, but to Christ
+who dwelt within him; and if they were offered to any other than to
+Christ, he disowned them.
+
+[Sidenote: Extravagant conduct of his admirers.]
+
+However, the committee having made a report to the house on the fifth of
+December, declaring the charge well founded, on the following day he was
+sent for, and heard at the bar; and on the eighth they resolved that
+"James Nayler is guilty of horrid blasphemy, and that he is a grand
+impostor, and a great seducer of the people." The next business to be
+determined on was, the nature of the punishment to be inflicted on him;
+which occupied the debate of the house, both on forenoons and
+afternoons, till the 16th of December, many members being for putting
+him to death, (and losing their vote, as secretary Thurloe informs us,
+only by fourteen voices,) while many other members totally disapproved
+of the severity which was used against him. At length, on the following
+day, after a considerable debate, the majority came to the resolution,
+"That James Nayler be set in the pillory, in the Palace-yard,
+Westminster, during the space of two hours, on Thursday next; and be
+whipt by the hangman through the streets from Westminster to the Old
+Exchange, and there likewise be set with his head in the pillory, for
+the space of two hours, between the hours of eleven and one on Saturday
+next; in each place wearing a paper, containing an inscription of his
+crimes: And that at the Old Exchange, his tongue be bored through with a
+hot iron; and that he be there also stigmatized in the forehead with the
+letter B: That he be afterwards sent to Bristol, and be conveyed into
+and through the said city on horseback, with his face backward, and
+there also publicly whipt the next market-day after he comes thither:
+And that from thence he be committed to prison in Bridewell, London, and
+there to labour hard till he be released by parliament; and, during that
+time, be debarred the use of pen, ink, and paper, and shall have no
+relief but what he earns by his daily labour."
+
+[Sidenote: Condemned by the House of Commons for blasphemy.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cruel sentence--his tongue bored with a hot iron.]
+
+On the eighteenth of December, the first part of it was carried into
+execution with the greatest rigour; but he was brought into a state of
+such extreme weakness by his cruel whipping, that, upon repeated
+applications to the parliament, his punishment was respited for one
+week. The Protector was then addressed, and wrote a letter to the house,
+which, though it occasioned some debate, obtained no resolution in
+favour of the prisoner. On this the petitioners presented a second
+address to Cromwell; but, it is said the influence of the ministers
+prevented its effect.
+
+[Sidenote: His punishment respited]
+
+On the twenty-seventh of December, the remainder of Nayler's sentence
+was executed at the Old Exchange. Afterwards he was sent to Bristol,
+where he was publicly whipt, from the middle of Thomas-street, over the
+bridge to Broad-street. From Bristol, he was brought back to Bridewell,
+London, where he was confined about two years; during which his mind
+recovered from the frenzy which had governed it, and he felt deep
+humiliation and sincere repentance on account of his past conduct.
+
+After the protector's death, Nayler was released from prison, and went
+to Bristol, where, in a public meeting, he made a confession of his
+offence and fall, in a manner so affecting as to draw tears from most of
+those who were present, and having afforded satisfactory evidence of his
+unfeigned contrition, was again received into the communion of his
+friends.
+
+[Sidenote: His contrition and death.]
+
+Nayler did not long survive his enlargement, for having left London in
+October 1660, with the intention of going home to his wife and children
+at Wakefield, he was taken ill in Huntingdonshire, where, it is said, he
+was robbed and left bound in a field. Whether he received any personal
+injury is not known, but being found towards evening by a countryman, he
+was carried to a friend's house, at Holm, near King's Ripon, where he
+expired in the month of December, when about 44 years of age. The
+expressions uttered by him about two hours before his death, both in
+justice to his name, which is so conspicuous in the history of the
+reveries of the human imagination, and on account of their own
+excellence, ought not to be omitted in the memoirs of his life.
+
+"There is a spirit which I feel," said he, "that delights to do no evil,
+nor to revenge any wrong, but delights to endure all things, in hopes to
+enjoy its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all wrath and
+contention, and to weary out all exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is
+of a nature contrary to itself. It sees to the end of all temptation: as
+it bears no evil in itself, so it conceives none in thoughts to any
+other. If it be betrayed, it bears it, for its ground and spring is the
+mercies and forgiveness of God. Its crown is meekness, its life is
+everlasting love unfeigned, and takes its kingdom with entreaty and not
+with contention, and keeps it by lowliness of mind."
+
+His writings were collected together, and published in an octavo volume
+in 1716.
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    22|Ardwick      chap|Lancaster|Manchester  1|Stockport   6|
+    42|Areley, Kings  pa|Worcester|Bewdley     4|Kiddermin.  5|
+    35|Areley, Upper  pa|Worcester|Bewdley     3|Kiddermin.  5|
+    46|Argam          pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 5|Hunmanby    3|
+    45|Arkendale    chap|W.R. York|Knaresboro' 3|Boro'bridge 4|
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|  Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    22|Ardwick      chap|Ashton                6|  182|   5524|
+    42|Areley, Kings  pa|Worcester            11|  122|    372|
+    35|Areley, Upper  pa|Stourbridge          10|  131|    735|
+    46|Argam          pa|Gt. Driffield        12|  211|     29|
+    45|Arkendale    chap|Ripley                6|  203|    260|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |   Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    45|Arkengarth-Dale[A]   |W.R. York |Richmond    11|Askrigg     7|
+    14|Arkesden           pa|Essex     |Saff. Walden 7|Chesterford 7|
+    23|Arkholm     to & chap|Lancaster |Kirby Lonsd  5|Lancaster  10|
+    45|Arksey             pa|W.R. York |Doncaster    2|Thorne      8|
+     9|Arlecdon           pa|Cumberland|Whitehaven   5|Workington  7|
+    39|Arfey              pa|Warwick   |Nuneaton     6|Atherstone  6|
+    16|Arlingham          pa|Gloucester|Newnham      3|Gloucester 12|
+    11|Arlington          pa|Devon     |Barnstaple   6|Ilfracomb   8|
+    15|Arlington          to|Gloucester|Fairford     4|Cirencester 6|
+    38|Arlington          pa|Sussex    |Hailsham     4|Lewes       9|
+     3|Arlsey[B]          pa|Bedford   |Baldock      4|Shefford    3|
+     9|Armathwaite[C]   chap|Cumberland|Carlisle    10|Kirk Oswald 5|
+    46|Armin            chap|W.R. York |Snaith       6|Howde       3|
+    27|Armingall          pa|Norfolk   |Norwich      3|Bungay     12|
+    35|Armitage[D]        pa|Stafford  |Rugeley      2|Abbots Brom 5|
+    45|Armley[E]          to|W.R. York |Leeds        2|Bradford    7|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+    45|Arkengarth-Dale[A]   |Reeth                   3|  245|   1446|
+    14|Arkesden           pa|Royston                 7|   40|    490|
+    23|Arkholm     to & chap|Burton                  4|  250|    349|
+    45|Arksey             pa|Tickhill                8|  164|   1171|
+     9|Arlecdon           pa|Buttermere              9|  299|    475|
+    39|Arfey              pa|Coleshill               6|  100|    270|
+    16|Arlingham          pa|Stroudwater            11|  120|    744|
+    11|Arlington          pa|S. Molton              12|  193|    235|
+    15|Arlington          to|Northleach              7|   85|    333|
+    38|Arlington          pa|East Bourne             7|   62|    727|
+     3|Arlsey[B]          pa|Hitchen                 6|   41|    689|
+     9|Armathwaite[C]   chap|Penrith                 9|  292|    ...|
+    46|Armin            chap|Thorne                  9|  175|    567|
+    27|Armingall          pa|Blofield                6|  120|     88|
+    35|Armitage[D]        pa|Lichfield               6|  124|    977|
+    45|Armley[E]          to|Wakefield               9|  192|   5159|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ARKENGARTH-DALE contains lead mines, which were worked in the reign
+of King John, and they are still so valuable, that a few years ago the
+produce was estimated at 2000 tons annually; the inhabitants are chiefly
+miners.
+
+[Sidenote: Valuable lead mines.]
+
+
+[B] ARLSEY, or ARSLEY. This village was anciently a market town. In
+"Doomsday Book," (a book made by order of William the Conqueror, in
+which all the estates of the kingdom were registered;) its market on
+Wednesday is recorded, and the tolls valued at 10s. per annum. A fair
+was held here so long past as the year 1270; but both the market and
+fair have long been disused. An ancient entrenchment near the road to
+Baldock, called Etonbury, was probably the original site of the castle
+occupied by the Lords of the Manor. This castle appears to have a place
+of considerable strength. Amongst the ancient monuments in the church is
+one erected to the memory of Richard Edwards, who is called on his
+epitaph, the last Grand Reader of the Temple.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient entrenchment.]
+
+
+[C] ARMATHWAITE. Near this village is a castle, situated on the of the
+delightful river Eden, in a deep vale; the building from its monastic
+gloom, appears rather to have been calculated for seclusion than
+security. The front has been modernized, and is built of hewn stone. Its
+antiquity has not been ascertained, certain it is the Skeltons resided
+here as early as the reign of Henry VIII. The most romantic and
+picturesque scenery surrounds this lovely spot. A magnificent hill
+throws its solemn shade on the tranquil surface of the river, here
+broadened into a lake like form. Amongst other grand masses of rock is a
+projecting crag of a bold and grotesque form called the Cat Glent, the
+rendezvous of many wild inhabitants of the feline tribe; beyond these is
+a mill and a few sequestered cottages. From this spot the river Eden is
+no longer tranquil, but rushing down a cataract pours in sonorous
+violence over a bed of opposing rock, whose immovable crags whirl the
+stream into eddies as it passes them in its fury. Near this place a
+nunnery was established by William Rufus, who like other profligates,
+"trembled amidst his impiety," and was willing enough to secure a chance
+of heaven, provided it could be obtained by any other means than
+virtuous practice. At the dissolution of Monasteries, owing to the
+frequent hostilities between the Scots and English, their income
+amounted to only 18 guineas per annum.
+
+[Sidenote: Rendezvous of wild cats]
+
+[Sidenote: Nunnery founded by William II.]
+
+
+[D] ARMITAGE is situated on the river Soar, in the hundred of Offlow,
+South, including the hamlet of Handsacre. The entrance to the church is
+very curiously built in the Saxon style, and the chapel is separated
+from the nave by a handsome arch. The Grand Trunk Canal passes through a
+very noble subterraneous cavern or tunnel, in this parish. The town
+received its name from having been the residence of a hermit.
+
+[Sidenote: A remarkable tunnel.]
+
+
+[E] ARMLEY. This township is in the parish of St. Patrick, and the
+liberty of Leeds. It is situated on the banks of the Leeds and Liverpool
+Canal, and of the river Aire, on which there are a number of mills
+employed in various branches of the clothing trade. An object once of
+great antiquarian curiosity, called Giants Hill, which was a Danish
+fortification, is now scarcely traceable, in consequence of its having
+been cut through to form the Leeds and Liverpool canal.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.  | Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    42|Armscott           ham|Worcester |Shipston     3|Evesham     10|
+    28|Armston            ham|Northamp  |Oundle       3|Thrapston    7|
+    45|Armthorpe           pa|W.R. York |Doncaster    3|Thorne       7|
+    45|Arncliffe      to & pa|W.R. York |Settle       9|Askrigg     12|
+    31|Arncott           vill|Oxford    |Bicester     3|Oxford      17|
+    12|Arne                pa|Dorset    |Wareham      5|Poole        5|
+    23|Arnesby             pa|Leicester |Leicester    8|Lutterworth  9|
+    30|Arnold              pa|Nottingham|Nottingham   4|Mansfield   10|
+    16|Arreton             pa|Hants     |Newport      3|Ryde         6|
+     6|Arrington[A]        pa|Cambridge |Caxton       5|Cambridge   11|
+     7|Arrow               to|Chester   |Great Neston 6|Liverpool    5|
+    39|Arrow          to & pa|Warwick   |Alcester     1|Stratford    8|
+    45|Arthington          to|W.R. York |Otley        5|Wetherby     9|
+    28|Arthingworth        pa|Northamp  |Harborough   5|Rothwell     4|
+     9|Arthuret[B]         pa|Cumberland|Longtown     1|Gretna Green 4|
+    37|Arlington           ti|Surrey    |Guildford    1|Godalming    3|
+    38|Arundel[C]  bo to & pa|Sussex    |Chichester  10|Bognor       7|
+    26|Arvans, St.    to & pa|Monmouth  |Chepstow     3|Tintern Abb. 3|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+    42|Armscott           ham|Alcester               13|   86|     130|
+    28|Armston            ham|Peterboro'             13|   77|      25|
+    45|Armthorpe           pa|Bawtry                  7|  162|     368|
+    45|Arncliffe      to & pa|Middleham              15|  231|     964|
+    31|Arncott           vill|Woodstock              11|   54|     ...|
+    12|Arne                pa|Corfe Castle            5|  110|     171|
+    23|Arnesby             pa|Harborough             10|   93|     442|
+    30|Arnold              pa|Oxton                   4|  128|    4054|
+    16|Arreton             pa|Niton                   7|   83|    1864|
+     6|Arrington[A]        pa|Royston                11|   49|     254|
+     7|Arrow               to|Chester                18|  200|      91|
+    39|Arrow          to & pa|Henley in Ar.           8|  103|     466|
+    45|Arthington          to|Leeds                   7|  198|     360|
+    28|Arthingworth        pa|Northamp               11|   77|     225|
+     9|Arthuret[B]         pa|Carlisle                7|  310|    2903|
+    37|Arlington           ti|Farnham                10|   31|     ...|
+    38|Arundel[C]  bo to & pa|Worthing.              10|   55|    2803|
+    26|Arvans, St.    to & pa|Monmouth               10|  138|     304|
+   +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ARRINGTON. This village was anciently called Ermington. It is near
+Lord Hardwicke's Park. At this place, in the year 1721, the skeletons of
+sixteen human bodies were found in digging for a water course, within
+two feet of the surface of the ground. Some pieces of iron much rusted,
+conjectured to have been pieces of swords were also found. It is
+supposed the skeletons were the remains of persons who had been killed
+in endeavouring to obtain possession of the pass over the river Cam,
+during the civil wars.
+
+[Sidenote: Sixteen skeletons found here.]
+
+
+[B] ARTHURET. This village is situated on a point of land which in early
+times was said to have been called Arthur's Head, from whence the name
+is derived. In this place was both born and buried, Archibald Armstrong,
+Jester to both King James I., and Charles I. By an incident suitable to
+his profession, his funeral took place on "All Fools Day," the first of
+April. He was banished the court for speaking too freely of Archbishop
+Laud's measure of introducing the Liturgy into Scotland, which had
+produced a considerable tumult. On the arrival of the news of these
+riots in England, Archy facetiously asked his grace, "Who's the fool
+now." The joke was bitterly resented by the prelate, who procured an
+order of council to banish him from the court, for speaking
+disrespectful words of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This parish is
+bounded partly by Solway Frith, and forms part of the debateable lands
+so celebrated in Scottish history; these lands and the celebrated Solway
+Moss, we shall have occasion to speak further of in the course of the
+work.
+
+[Sidenote: A merry jester buried on "All Fool's Day."]
+
+
+[C] ARUNDEL, is situated on the declivity of a hill, on the north bank
+of the river Arun, over which there is a bridge. It consists of two
+principal streets, one of which runs north and south, and the other
+westward from the point of the union. Many of the houses are built in
+the castellated style. The church, situated at the north end of the
+town, originally belonged to a priory of Benedictines, and is supposed
+to have been founded soon after the conquest of Roger de Montgomery,
+Earl of Arundel. It is a handsome gothic building with transepts, from
+the centre of which rises a square tower, with a wooden spire. Some
+beautiful monuments of the Earls of Arundel may be seen; and one, more
+magnificent than the rest, is of alabaster, a calcareous earth, which
+differs from marble, in being combined not with carbonic, but with
+sulphuric acid. This monument is erected to the memory of Thomas
+Fitz-Alan, and Beatrice, his countess, a daughter of John, King of
+Portugal. The charter by which the town is governed, was granted by
+Queen Elizabeth. It formerly sent two members, but by the Reform Bill,
+it now sends but one; the ten pound householders are calculated at 380.
+The borough comprises the parish of Arundel and the returning officer is
+the mayor. Here was formerly a harbour sufficient to contain vessels of
+one hundred tons burthen, but it has suffered great damage by the sea.
+Great quantities of timber for ship building, are still shipped from
+this place, which has but little trade, yet it is much benefitted in
+summer by the numerous visitors who resort to it for sea bathing. Of the
+castle, which stands on the north-east side of the town, mention is
+first made in the will of King Alfred, who bequeathed it, with the town,
+to his nephew Adhelm. A popular tradition ascribes the foundation of it
+to Beris, "a giant of ancient times," in confirmation of which opinion a
+tower is still pointed out, called Beris Tower. The Conqueror gave it to
+his kinsman Roger de Montgomery, whom he also created Earl of Arundel,
+which title belonged to three persons of this family, till Robert
+Bellesme was outlawed by Henry I. for the assistance he gave to that
+monarch's brother, Robert. The castle was then settled on Queen Adeliza,
+who, after the death of her royal consort, gave her hand to William de
+Albini, one of the most accomplished men of his age. Here the
+dowager-queen performed the rites of hospitality towards the Empress
+Maud, in the attempt of that princess to ascend the throne. The last
+male heir of the name of Albini, died in 1243, when the castle and manor
+of Arundel fell to his sister, Isabel, whose husband, John Fitz-Alan,
+made the castle his residence, and assumed the title of Earl of Arundel.
+The fourth in descent from him forfeited his life and estates, in the
+attempt to ruin the Despensers, favourites of Edward II.; but the
+estates were restored to his son, whose successor, in the reign of
+Richard II., being accused of a conspiracy to seize the king, and put to
+death the lords of the council, was beheaded; the king presiding at the
+execution. His son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, was reinstated by Henry IV.; but,
+he dying without issue, in 1415, the castle devolved to his cousin, Sir
+John Fitz-Alan, who laid claim to, and obtained the title, on which an
+act was passed, that the possession of this castle and honour conferred
+the dignity of Earl without creation. The last Fitz-Alan died in the 22d
+of Elizabeth, leaving a daughter, who married Thomas Howard, Duke of
+Norfolk, thus carrying the earldom and estate into that family, to whom
+they still belong.
+
+[Sidenote: Beautiful monuments in the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Quantities of Sussex oak shipped from this place.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition ascribes the foundation of the castle to a giant.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king presided at the execution of one of its lords.]
+
+Concerning the true period of the foundation of this castle, many
+conjectures have been entertained. On account of the bricks inserted in
+the walls of the keep, it has been attributed to the Romans; but such a
+proof is not allowed by the best antiquaries. Its pretensions to the era
+of the Saxon kings are more explicit. The more ancient parts are the
+keep or citadel, and the towers which flank the gateway, and connect the
+whole by means of a sally port. The keep stands upon an artificial
+mound, the height of which, from the fosse, is one hundred and ten feet
+on one side, and eighty on the other. Of its external wall, the height
+is thirty feet, supported by projecting ribs or buttresses. It is eight
+feet thick, with a wall on the inside, guarded by a parapet as many feet
+high. The diameter of the room which is faced with Norman or Caen stone,
+is sixty-seven feet by fifty-nine. There are also Roman bricks placed in
+the herring-bone fashion, which is observable in most Saxon buildings.
+In the centre is a subterraneous room and passage; and in a tower
+attached to the keep, is a well three hundred feet deep. The approach is
+by a time-worn staircase, and over a narrow pass, commanding the
+entrance to the building, which bears the marks of a portcullis. The
+more ancient one towards the east still retains a very rich Saxon
+door-case. In the tower above the present entrance, was a small chapel
+or oratory, dedicated to St. George. The tower and gateway facing the
+base court of the castle are apparently co-temporary with the keep. The
+other towers are built with flint. The dungeons are on the right and
+left of the gateway. They consist of eight wards, protected by a
+draw-bridge from the castle moat. The lower wards are very deep, and
+partly filled up with rubbish. The foundation walls of these dungeons
+are not known, although efforts have been employed to discover the
+length and depth of these frightful abodes. The Empress Maud's
+apartments are in the tower, above the old gateway. They consist of
+three bed-rooms. The Saxon keep may justly be termed the ivy-mantled
+tower, for the walls are literally covered with its leaves. The late
+Duke of Norfolk was very partial to this retired spot. Here are several
+remarkably curious owls, elegant, and extremely large; some of them
+measuring across the wings, from eight to ten feet. Their plumage is
+particularly beautiful, and their eyes brilliant. The late duke
+purchased them from North America. There are many traces of ancient
+remains about the keep or tower. The spot where the boilers stood, for
+the purpose of melting the lead to pour down upon the besiegers, and
+those used for culinary purposes, are still visible. The marks of cannon
+balls discharged against the tower during the siege of the parliamentary
+forces, are observable in many places. The ground plan of the present
+castle nearly resembles that of Windsor Castle, in the exact proportion
+of nine to fourteen. When the late Duke of Norfolk took possession, the
+castle was little better than a heap of ruins, but his Grace has
+restored it to its original magnificence. The building is of free-stone,
+from the quarries in Yorkshire; and those of a brown cast were carefully
+selected, in order that they might assimilate in colour with the old
+remains. The new walls have risen upon the ancient model, and correspond
+with the old ones in solidity of fabric, as well as dignity of ornament.
+An entire new front of massy stone, which differs materially from the
+others, particularly in exhibiting the insignia of the Howards, mixed
+with those of their predecessors, and two colossal figures of liberty
+and hospitality, ornament the grand entrance. In raising this front, the
+late duke had the opportunity of enlarging the mansion, and gaining the
+space now occupied on the basement story, by a long range of servants'
+offices, including a new kitchen, with two fire places, bake-house,
+scullery, the steward's and housekeeper's rooms, &c. The cellars are of
+immense length. The duke weekly employed from 100 to 200 labourers,
+mechanics, and artists, in the improvement and decorations of this noble
+edifice, for upwards of twenty-five years. The arrangements were formed
+entirely from his own ideas, and in the progress of the plan, he was
+exclusively his own architect. On the west wing is a beautiful
+sculptured basso relievo historical representation of King Alfred
+receiving the report of the jury, as established in his reign. The
+costume and draperies are finely carved in stone. The interior of the
+castle is fitted up with great taste and effect. The richest mahogany
+has been used in almost every decoration. The walls being more than six
+feet thick, form a kind of frame for each window, which is five feet
+deep on the inside, and the whole of this spacious case is lined with
+mahogany. The window frames which hold the magnificent plate glass
+panes, three feet each in height, are of the same material; and the
+solid mahogany doors are held in cases of the thickness of the inner
+walls, perhaps, four feet deep, all lined with pannels of the richest
+grain.
+
+[Sidenote: The great antiquity of the castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: The castle dungeons of remarkable depth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable owls]
+
+[Sidenote: The late Duke of Norfolk restored the castle to its ancient
+magnificence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Employed from 100 to 200 labourers for 25 years.]
+
+In the Barons room the following inscription appears:--
+
+    "CHARLES HOWARD, DUKE OF NORFOLK,
+
+            EARL OF ARUNDEL,
+
+       in the year of Christ, 1806,
+       in the 60th year of his age,
+           dedicated this stone
+   To Liberty, asserted by the Barons,
+          in the reign of John."
+
+On the 15th of June, 1815, a great festival took place for celebrating
+the centenary of the signing of Magna Charta. There was a splendid
+assemblage of the nobility and persons of distinction. Complete suits of
+ancient armour, with swords and spears, forged in ancient times, and for
+very different purposes, were either suspended from, or hung around the
+walls; and every adventitious aid was adopted to give state and majesty
+to this celebration of the magnanimous conduct of the Barons of England.
+Nearly three hundred distinguished guests sat down. The head of the
+table was ornamented with a noble baron of beef, surmounted by the ducal
+coronet, and the banners of the illustrious house of Norfolk.
+
+[Sidenote: Festival to celebrate the signing of Magna Charter held
+here.]
+
+The castle occupies a mile in circumference, and the beautiful domains
+which surround this magnificent structure, are more than seven miles and
+a half in circumference, enclosed with a strong fence railing. The
+grounds are well laid out, in gardens, shrubberies, and plantations.
+There are three agreeable towers in the park; High Horn, commanding an
+extensive prospect; and Mount Pleasant, covered with ivy, overlooking
+the beautiful vale of Sussex. The late duke built another tower, facing
+the road to Petworth, called the White Ways. The castle is open to the
+inspection of visitors on the first Sunday in the month after divine
+service, and on every Monday in the year.
+
+[Sidenote: The times when the castle may be inspected by visitors.]
+
+When the buildings on the Norfolk estate adjoining the Strand, London,
+were erected, it was legally settled, that the whole of the rents,
+should be expended for the sole purpose of keeping up Arundel Castle;
+this has always been acted upon. The original rents having long since
+fallen in--and the increased income that has been produced by that
+cause, joined to the general increase of rents in that quarter, has been
+so great, that it now requires very great ingenuity to contrive the
+means of laying out all that money according to the directions of the
+original entail; and this is the real cause of the magnificent style in
+which that ancient baronial castle is still supported. The estate thus
+mentioned, comprises the whole of Surrey-street, Arundel-street,
+Howard-street, and Norfolk-street, which are the entire property of the
+Norfolk family.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 7.40. A.M.,
+   departs 5.30. P.M.--_Fairs_, May 14, cattle and hogs; August 21,
+   hogs, cattle, and sheep; September 25, cattle and sheep; December 17,
+   cattle and pedlary; second Tuesday in every month for
+   cattle.--_Bankers_, Henty and Co., draw on Lubbock and Co.; Hopkins
+   and Co., draw on Williams and Co.--_Inns_, Crown, and Norfolk Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Estates in London devoted to keep it in repair.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County.|  Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+    40|Asaph, St.[A] city & pa|Denbigh |Holywell 10|Abergeley 7|
+    40|Asby[B]              pa|Westmor |Appleby   5|Orton     5|
+    39|Ascote      ex. pa. ham|Warwick |Southam   2|Warwick   9|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+    40|Asaph, St.[A] city & pa|Holyhead          57|  208| 3144|
+    40|Asby[B]              pa|Brough             9|  273|  436|
+    39|Ascote      ex. pa. ham|Kineton            8|   82|   12|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] ST. ASAPH. This city is seated on the decline of a pleasant
+eminence, between the rivers Clwyd and Elwy, which renders the first
+appearance striking, though it contains little more than one street. The
+church stands in the lower part of the town, and serves for the use of
+the parishioners, the cathedral not being used for parochial purposes;
+the latter was built about the close of the fifteenth century; it
+consists of a choir, a nave, two aisles, and a transept. During the
+protectorship of Cromwell the palace and cathedral were much injured by
+the post-master, who made great havoc in the choir of the cathedral,
+using the font as a trough for watering his horses; and by way of
+venting his spleen on the clergy, tied up calves in the bishop's throne.
+Several very eminent men have been bishops of St. Asaph, including Dr.
+Isaac Barrow, William Beveridge, and Samuel Horsley, the former of whom
+founded an alms-house for eight poor widows. Bishop Hughes, who died
+1600, founded, and endowed the Free Grammar School. The neighbourhood
+possesses several land proprietors who have given great encouragement to
+agriculture, amongst whom may be included Dean Shipley, who stimulated
+the practical farmers to emulation, by premiums, and other
+encouragement. To this spirited dignitary, so well known in the history
+of the law of libel, a very handsome monument has been erected in the
+cathedral.
+
+   _Market_ Saturday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, July 15, October 16,
+   December 26, for cattle.--_Inn_, White Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: The font of the cathedral used for watering horses.]
+
+
+[B] ASBY, once called Askeby. This parish consists of four manors. The
+church is ancient, its beauty has been much disfigured by repairs; it
+has even been diminished in size, as appears by an arch now filled up in
+the north wall. At Sayle Bottom are several tumuli--some circular,
+others rectangular. At Garthorne Hall, a tumulus was found to contain
+human bones and a large sword, and another containing three entire
+skulls. Pate Hole, in this parish, is a remarkable cavern in a limestone
+rock, consisting of two galleries, one 430 yards long, towards the north
+east, the other, 230 yards long, making a large sweep from the extremity
+of the first to its middle; together, they resemble the letter P. At the
+end of the first gallery is a lofty dome, and a pool 20 yards long, 6
+broad, and 3 deep; and in the second are two perpendicular chasms of
+unknown extent, from whence proceed in rainy seasons torrents of water,
+which fill the cavern and discharge themselves from its entrance. The
+noise of these operations resemble at first gentle music, but increases
+to the pitch of the loudest. In one part is a petrifying spring, which
+always stands at one temperature.
+
+[Sidenote: Pate Hole, an immense cavern.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|County.|    Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+-------+------------+--------------+
+    39|Ascott        ham|Warwick|Shipston   7|L. Compton   3|
+    31|Ascott ham & chap|Oxford |Bensington 5|Dorchester   4|
+    39|Ascott         pa|Oxford |  ...      5|   ...       4|
+    34|Asgarby        pa|Lincoln|Sleaford   3|Tattershall 11|
+    24|Asgarby        pa|Lincoln|Spilsby    6|Horncastle   6|
+    10|Ash           ham|Derby  |Derby      7|Uttoxeter   11|
+    21|Ash            pa|Kent   |Wingham    3|Sandwich     3|
+    21|Ash            pa|Kent   |Farmingham 4|Gravesend    7|
+    37|Ash            pa|Surrey |Farnham    4|Bagshot      9|
+    16|Ash, or Ashe   pa|Hants  |Whitchurch 6|Basingstoke  7|
+    11|Ashe[A]       ham|Devon  |Colyton    2|Lyme         4|
+   +--+-----------------+-------+------------+--------------+
+                                             |Dist.   |
+   Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From|Lond.   |Population.
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------+--------+------+
+    39|Ascott        ham|Kineton           12|      78|   ...|
+    31|Ascott ham & chap|Oxford            10|      61|    97|
+    39|Ascott         pa|Oxford            10|      51|   419|
+    34|Asgarby        pa|Falkingham         8|     114|   146|
+    24|Asgarby        pa|Tattershall       10|     138|    57|
+    10|Ash           ham|Burton-on-T.       7|     136|    50|
+    21|Ash            pa|Ramsgate           8|      63|  2416|
+    21|Ash            pa|Wrotham            4|      20|   586|
+    37|Ash            pa|Godalming          8|      35|  2001|
+    16|Ash, or Ashe   pa|Kingsclere         6|      53|   114|
+    11|Ashe[A]       ham|Axminster          4|     148|   ...|
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------+--------+------+
+
+
+[A] ASHE is situated in Musbury parish, which lies in the hundred of
+Axminster, two miles east by north from Colyton. It is the birth place
+of the celebrated John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: this
+distinguished person was born here in the year 1650. He received only an
+indifferent education, for his father took him to court at the age of
+twelve years, when he became page, as his sister, Arabella, became
+mistress to the Duke of York. In 1660, he obtained a pair of colours in
+the Guards. His first service was at the siege of Tangier, and, on his
+return from thence, he became the favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland,
+who gave him L5,000 with which he purchased an annuity for life. He
+afterwards served under the great Turenne, who was so pleased with his
+person and bravery as to call him the handsome Englishman. At the siege
+of Maestricht he so distinguished himself, that the King of France
+publicly thanked him. On his return he was made lieutenant-colonel,
+gentleman of the bedchamber, and master of the robes to the Duke of
+York, whom he attended to Holland and Scotland; and about this time
+married Miss Jennings, maid of honour to the Princess, afterwards Queen
+Anne. In 1682, he was shipwrecked with the Duke of York, in their
+passage to Scotland, on which occasion his royal highness expressed the
+greatest anxiety to save his favourite. The same year he was made a
+peer, by the title of Baron Eymouth, in Scotland; and when James came to
+the crown, he was sent to France to notify the event. In 1685, he was
+created Lord Churchill, of Sandridge. The same year he suppressed
+Monmouth's rebellion, and took him prisoner. He continued to serve James
+with great fidelity, till the arrival of the Prince of Orange, and then
+left him, for which he has been stigmatized, and perhaps not unjustly,
+with base ingratitude. His own apology was a regard for the religion and
+constitution of his country. He was created Earl of Marlborough by King
+William in 1689, and appointed commander of the English army in the low
+countries. He next served in Ireland, and reduced Cork, with other
+strong places. In 1692, he was suddenly dismissed from his employments,
+and committed to the Tower: he was, however, very soon released, but the
+cause of this disgrace was never clearly explained. After the death of
+Queen Mary he was restored to favour; and at the close of that reign he
+had the command of the English forces in Holland, and the States chose
+him captain-general of their forces. On the commencement of the reign of
+Anne, he recommended a war with France, and his advice was adopted. In
+the first campaign of 1702, he took a number of strong towns,
+particularly Liege. In the following year he was created a Duke. In
+1704, he joined Prince Eugene, in conjunction with whom he conquered the
+French at Hochstedt, took Marshal Tallard prisoner, and brought him to
+England, with 26 other officers of rank, 121 standards, and 179 colours.
+He then received the grant of the manor of Woodstock. In 1706, he fought
+the famous battle of Ramilies. This battle accelerated the fall of
+Louvain, Brussels, and other important places. He arrived in England,
+and received fresh honours from the Queen and Parliament. Blenheim house
+was ordered to be built, and a pension of L5,000. a year was awarded
+him. In 1709, he defeated Marshal Villars at Malplaquet. In the year
+1711, he returned to England with additional laurels, but was soon after
+dismissed from his employments. To add to this unjust treatment, a
+prosecution was commenced against him for applying the public money to
+his private purposes. Indignant at such conduct, he went into voluntary
+banishment till 1714, when he landed at Dover, amidst the acclamations
+of the people. George I. restored him to his military employments, but
+he retired from his appointments to Windsor, and died in 1722. His
+remains were interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. His Duchess
+outlived him several years. She was a woman of a strong mind, but
+overbearing passions. Her letters have been printed, and display
+uncommon sagacity, blended with a great share of vanity. The mansion
+house in which the Duke was born, now in a state of ruin, was rebuilt
+shortly after the civil wars, by Sir John Drake, whose daughter had
+married Sir Winston Churchill.
+
+   _Fairs_, April 6, and Oct. 11, for pedlary.
+
+[Sidenote: The birth-place of the celebrated Duke of Marlboro'.]
+
+[Sidenote: He took Monmouth prisoner in the reign of James II.]
+
+[Sidenote: Created a Duke by Queen Anne.]
+
+[Sidenote: Blenheim house built for him.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in the 8th year of the reign of Geo. I.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.    | County.|  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+     4|Ashamstead       chap|Berks   |East Ilsley 5|Streatley    4|
+    31|Ashamstead       chap|Oxford  |Gt. Marlow  4|H. Wycombe   4|
+    36|Ash Bocking        pa|Suffolk |Needham     6|Ipswich      6|
+    10|Ashbourn[A] m.t. & pa|Derby   |Derby      13|Leek        16|
+    34|Ashbrittle         pa|Somerset|Wellington  6|Wiveliscombe 5|
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist|
+   Map| Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From |Lond|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+----------------------+----+---------+
+     4|Ashamstead       chap|Newbury              9|  49|      346|
+    31|Ashamstead       chap|Henley               6|  35|      ...|
+    36|Ash Bocking        pa|Woodbridge           8|  75|      234|
+    10|Ashbourn[A] m.t. & pa|Wirksworth           9| 139|     4756|
+    34|Ashbrittle         pa|Dulverton           10| 254|      635|
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-------------+----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBOURN is very pleasantly situated in a rich valley on the eastern
+side of the Dove, over which is a stone bridge. It is divided into two
+parts by a rivulet, which is called Henmore, the southern part of which
+is termed Compton, the ancient Campdene. From the descent of the hill on
+the Derby road, the view of the place as it presents itself embosomed
+amongst the hills is beautifully picturesque. It is a neat town, but
+there is nothing remarkable in its buildings. At the time of the
+conquest it was a royal manor, and subsequently became a part of the
+Duchy of Lancaster, until it was sold by Charles I. It is supposed that
+the church, which is dedicated to St. Oswald, was finished in the
+thirteenth century; in it are many monuments to the Cockaines,
+Bradburns, and Boothby's, successively possessors of the manors. Sir
+Thomas Cockaine and other natives, founded a Free Grammar School, in the
+reign of Elizabeth, for children of the town and neighbourhood, and also
+a second for the poorer class of children of both sexes. Here are also a
+chapel and a neat row of alms-houses, founded in 1800 by a native named
+Cooper, who made a fortune in London, for six poor men and women, and
+several other hospitals for decayed house-keepers, including one for the
+maintenance of four clergymen's widows. A very considerable trade is
+carried on here in cheese and malt, many horses and cattle are sold at
+its fairs. Much lace is made here, and a great many persons are employed
+in the iron and cotton factories in the neighbourhood. The romantic and
+beautiful glen of Dovedale is within a short distance. This town is one
+of the polling places for the southern division of the county.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--Mail arrives 11 A.M., departs 2-3/4
+   P.M.--_Fairs_, first Tuesday in January, and Feb. 13, for horses and
+   horned cattle, April 3, May 21, and July 5, for horses, horned
+   cattle, and wool. August 16, October 20, and November 29, for horses,
+   and horned cattle; the fairs for horses begin two or three days
+   before the fair-day.--_Inns_, Blackmoor's Head and Green
+   Man.--_Bankers_, Arkwright and Co.; drawn on Smith, Payne, and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: A royal manor of the Saxon Kings made part of the Duchy of
+Lancaster.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    38|Ashburnham[A]   pa|Sussex   |Battle      6|Hailsham   6|
+    11|Ashburton[B]     }|Devon    |Exeter     20|Torquay   13|
+      |    bo. m.t. & pa}|         |             |            |
+     4|Ashbury    to & pa|Berks    |Lambourn   16|Wantage   10|
+    11|Ashbury         pa|Devon    |Hatherleigh 5|Oakhampton 6|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Lincoln  |Gt. Grimsby 7|Caistor    9|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Lincoln  |Spilsby     2|Burgh      3|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Lincoln  |Sleaford    6|Lincoln   13|
+    24|Ashby           to|Lincoln  |Brigg       6|Epworth    7|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Norfolk  |Norwich     8|Acle       7|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Norfolk  |Acle        3|Norwich   12|
+    36|Ashby           pa|Suffolk  |Lowestoft   5|Yarmouth   8|
+    28|Ashby, Cold     pa|Northamp |Northamp   12|Daventry  10|
+    23|Ashby-de-la-Zouch}|Leicester|Leicester  18|Kegworth  10|
+      |  [C]   m.t. & pa}|         |             |            |
+   +--+------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. |  Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    38|Ashburnham[A]   pa|East Bourne          11|   55|    721|
+    11|Ashburton[B]     }|Totness               7|  192|   4165|
+      |    bo. m.t. & pa}|                       |     |       |
+     4|Ashbury    to & pa|Highworth             7|   70|    698|
+    11|Ashbury         pa|Launceston           14|  201|     74|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Louth                12|  160|    179|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Wainfleet             6|  134|    170|
+    24|Ashby           pa|Navenby               6|  121|    178|
+    24|Ashby           to|Gainsboro'           14|  157|    378|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Bungay                9|  116|     72|
+    27|Ashby           pa|Yarmouth              8|  125|     82|
+    36|Ashby           pa|Beccles               7|  119|     42|
+    28|Ashby, Cold     pa|Harborough           10|  78 |    385|
+    23|Ashby-de-la-Zouch}|M Bosworth           10|  115|   4727|
+      |  [C]   m.t. & pa}|                       |     |       |
+   +--+------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBURNHAM is in the hundred of Foxearle, and rape of Hastings. This
+village gives the name and title of Earl to the representatives of the
+ancient family of Ashburnham, who possessed this manor before the
+conquest. The shirt and white silk drawers in which Charles I. was
+executed, on the 30th of January, 1649, and also the watch which he gave
+to Mr. John Ashburnham, on the scaffold, are still preserved in the
+church, having been bequeathed by one of his descendants to the clerk of
+this parish for ever, and are exhibited as great curiosities.
+
+[Sidenote: Bequests of Charles I. made on the scaffold.]
+
+
+[B] ASHBURTON is situated in a valley encompassed by hills; it is about
+a mile from the river Dart, and consists principally of one long street,
+through which runs the high road from London to Plymouth. The houses are
+neat, and most of them covered with slate, of which there is abundance
+in the vicinity. The manor belonged to the crown in the reign of James
+I., but it has since passed through various private hands. The town,
+which is governed by a portreeve, chosen at the court leet and baron of
+the manor, is a borough by prescription, (that is to say, a custom
+continued until it has the force of law;) and was constituted one of the
+four stannary towns of Devon, by a charter of Edward I., in the
+twenty-sixth year of whose reign it sent two members to Parliament, but
+only returned members once subsequently until 1640, in which year its
+privilege was restored: by the late reform bill, it now returns but one
+member; the electors on the old constituency were 101, and L10
+householders 342. The portreeve is the returning-officer. The borough
+comprises the parish of Ashburton.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, first Thursday in March; first Thursday
+   in June; August 10; November 11, for horned cattle.--_Inns_, London
+   and Golden Lion.--_Mail_ arrives 5 P.M., departs 9-3/4 A.M.
+
+[Sidenote: One of the four stannary towns of the county.]
+
+
+[C] ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH is situated in a fertile valley on the borders of
+Derbyshire, through which runs the small river Gilwiskaw. Its
+distinctive appellation is derived from the ancient family of the
+Zouches, who came into possession of the manor in the reign of Henry
+III. It afterwards devolved to the crown, by which it was granted to the
+noble family of Hastings, in right of whom the Marquis of that title
+still possesses it. The town is chiefly comprised in one street, from
+which branches several smaller ones. The church is a handsome ancient
+edifice, built of stone, consisting of a nave and two aisles, separated
+by four lofty arches, springing from fluted pillars. Here are also
+places of worship for the Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists,
+Presbyterians, and others. A free grammar school was founded in this
+town by Henry Earl of Huntingdon, in 1567; and another free school for
+26 boys, by Isaac Dawson, in 1669. The manufactures established here are
+chiefly those of cotton and woollen stockings, and hats. There is also a
+good trade in malt, and the fairs are celebrated for the sale of fine
+horses and cattle. The mansion at Ashby was remarkable for its magnitude
+and strength, and continued for 200 years the residence of the family of
+Sir William Hastings, knt., a particular favourite of Edward IV., who
+was elevated by that monarch to several offices of high trust and
+dignity. It stood on a rising ground, at the south end of the town, and
+was composed of brick and stone from the ruins of Ashby Castle.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Shrove-Monday, Easter Tuesday,
+   Whit-Tuesday, last Monday in September, November 10, for horses,
+   cows, and sheep.--_Bankers_, Fishers and Co.; draw upon Hoare,
+   Barnet, and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.30 morning; departs 4.0
+   afternoon.--_Inns_, Queen's Head, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient family gave their name to the town.]
+
+[Sidenote: A noble mansion constructed out of the ruins of Ashby
+Castle.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County. |   Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    23|Ashby Folville to & pa|Leicester|Melton Mow. 6|Leicester 10|
+    23|Ashby Magna         pa|Leicester|Lutterworth 4|Hinckley  11|
+    23|Ashby Parva         pa|Leicester|  ...       3|  ...      8|
+    24|Ashby Puerorum[A]   pa|Lincoln  |Spilsby     5|Alford     7|
+    28|Ashby St. Ledger[B] pa|Northamp |Daventry    4|Northamp  14|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    23|Ashby Folville to & pa|Houghton              6|  104|    391|
+    23|Ashby Magna         pa|Leicester            11|   93|    330|
+    23|Ashby Parva         pa|  ...                13|   92|    169|
+    24|Ashby Puerorum[A]   pa|Louth                10|  137|    101|
+    28|Ashby St. Ledger[B] pa|Welford               9|   76|    257|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHBY PUERORUM. In the year 1804, a Roman sepulchre was discovered
+near this place, by a labourer who was cutting a ditch. It consisted of
+a stone chest, which laid 3 feet below the surface of the earth; the lid
+fitted nearly to the sides, hanging a little over the edge, so that when
+it was removed; no dirt of any kind was found to have gained admittance
+during a period of nearly two thousand years. The chest was formed of
+free stone, of a kind found in abundance on Lincoln Heath. The urn was
+of strong glass well manufactured, and of a greenish colour. The glass
+was as perfect and the surface as smooth as if just taken out of the
+fire. This receptacle of the ashes was nearly filled with small pieces
+of bone, many of which, from the effect of ignition, were white
+throughout the whole substance. Among the fragments was discovered a
+small lacrymatory, which had been broken, from the curiosity of the
+person who discovered it, to ascertain whether it contained any thing of
+value.
+
+[Sidenote: A very ancient urn of green glass found here.]
+
+
+[B] ASHBY ST. LEDGER is situated near a rivulet that flows into the
+river Nen. The additional name of St. Ledger is borrowed from the patron
+saint to whom the church is dedicated. This structure consists of a nave
+and aisles, with a tower and spire. At the upper end of the north aisle
+are still remaining the steps which led to the rude loft between the
+chancel and the nave. Here are three piscinas for holy water. Several
+ancient monumental inscriptions may be seen in the chancel. On an altar
+tomb within the communion rails, are the recumbent figures of a man and
+woman, with an inscription in black letter, commemorative of William
+Catesby and Margaret his wife, bearing date 1493. Catesby was one of the
+three families who ruled the nation under Richard's usurpation, and
+constituted the triumvirate which is alluded to in the old distich:--
+
+   The rat, and the cat, and Lovel the dog,
+   Do govern all England under the hog.
+
+The rat was Richard Ratcliff, the cat William Catesby, the dog Lord
+Lovel, and the hog for Richard, it being then the regal crest. William
+Catesby became a distinguished character; he was made esquire of the
+King's body; Chancellor of the Marshes for life; and one of the
+Chamberlains of the Exchequer. Being taken prisoner at the battle of
+Bosworth field, while fighting by his patron's side, he was conducted to
+Leicester, and beheaded as a traitor. At the eastern end of both aisles,
+are two places, formerly appropriated as places of sepulture for the two
+great Lords of Ashby. One of these belonged to the Catesby family; but
+most of the inscriptions are effaced. The manorial house of Ashby is a
+good old family mansion, occupied by the widow of the late John Ashby,
+Esq. A small room in the detached offices belonging to the house is
+still shown as having been the council-chamber, where the gunpowder-plot
+conspirators held their deliberations. Robert Catesby, one of the
+descendants of the family, was at the head of this conspiracy, for which
+he was tried, condemned, and executed; and his head, together with that
+of his father-in-law, Thomas Percie, who was involved in his guilt, were
+fixed on the top of the Parliament-house.
+
+[Sidenote: An ancient monument of the Catesby family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Catesby taken prisoner at Bosworth field.]
+
+[Sidenote: The gunpowder plot conspirators met here.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  County. |  Number of Miles From
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    24|Ashby West         pa|Lincoln   |Horncastle   2|Louth       12|
+    15|Ashchurch          pa|Gloucester|Tewkesbury   1|Winchcombe   9|
+    11|Ashcombe[A]        pa|Devon     |Chudleigh    3|Exeter       9|
+    34|Ashcott          chap|Somerset  |Glastonbury  6|Bridgewater 10|
+    14|Ashdon or Ashingdon }|          |              |              |
+      |             to & pa}|Essex     |Saff. Walden 4|Haverhill    6|
+    14|Asheldam           pa|Essex     |Bradwell     4|Burnham      4|
+    15|Ashelworth         pa|Gloucester|Gloucester   5|Tewkesbury   8|
+    14|Ashen              pa|Essex     |Clare        2|Halstead     9|
+     5|Ashenden[B]        pa|Bucks     |Thame        6|Bicester    11|
+    36|Ashfield Great[C]  pa|Suffolk   |Stowmarket   7|Ixworth      5|
+    36|Ashfield-cum-Thorpe p|Suffolk   |Framlingham  6|Debenham     2|
+    10|Ashford[D]       chap|Derby     |Bakewell     2|Tideswell    6|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |    Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+    24|Ashby West         pa|Wragby                 13|  138|     391|
+    15|Ashchurch          pa|Cheltenham              8|  103|     649|
+    11|Ashcombe[A]        pa|Teignmouth              6|  177|     320|
+    34|Ashcott          chap|Somerton                7|  129|     834|
+    14|Ashdon or Ashingdon }|                         |     |        |
+      |             to & pa}|Linton                  4|   45|    1103|
+    14|Asheldam           pa|Maldon                  9|   46|     144|
+    15|Ashelworth         pa|Newent                  7|  105|     540|
+    14|Ashen              pa|Haverhill               5|   54|     373|
+     5|Ashenden[B]        pa|Aylesbury               8|   46|     368|
+    36|Ashfield Great[C]  pa|Botesdale               8|   76|     408|
+    36|Ashfield-cum-Thorpe p|Eye                     9|   83|     375|
+    10|Ashford[D]       chap|Buxton                 10|  155|     782|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ASHCOMBE is a parish in the hundred of Exminster. Here is a mansion
+of Lord Arundel's, situated in a large amphitheatre of hills, richly
+wooded at their base, and at their summit often studded with herds of
+sheep or deer. The only entrance to this romantic dale is from the
+north, by a road, which though perfectly safe, falls precipitately down
+a narrow ridge of one of the hills.
+
+
+[B] ASHENDEN. This manor has been from time immemorial in the Grenville
+family. John Bucktot, a priest, gave the manor of Little Pollicott, to
+Lincoln College, in Oxford, about 1479; and what renders it particularly
+remarkable, is the circumstance of the manor house being used as a
+retiring place for the members of the college at the time of the plague.
+In Ashenden Church, is an ancient figure of a crusader, under an arch,
+rudely ornamented with foliage; which according to tradition, is the
+tomb of John Bucktot; this appears however to be erroneous, as it is
+evidently the tomb of a layman, and from the chevron on the shield, one
+of the Stafford family, anciently lords of Great Pollicott.
+
+[Sidenote: A retiring place for collegians in the time of the plague.]
+
+
+[C] ASHFIELD. This obscure village gave birth to the celebrated Lord
+Chancellor Thurlow, and his brother, the late Bishop of Durham; they
+were the sons of the vicar, under whose auspices they were educated. On
+leaving the university, the former entered himself of the Inner Temple,
+but did not distinguish himself at the bar, until his abilities were
+employed upon the Douglas case; after which he became successively
+Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor. He was
+elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Thurlow, of Ashfield. In
+1786, he was made Teller of the Exchequer, and created Baron Thurlow, of
+Thurlow: he retired in 1793, and died at Brighton in 1806. He was
+succeeded in the peerage by his nephew, the son of his brother, the
+Bishop of Durham. He was never married, but he left three illegitimate
+daughters, to two of whom he bequeathed large property; the other having
+offended him by an imprudent marriage, he left her only a small annuity.
+
+[Sidenote: The birth-place of Lord Chancellor Thurlow.]
+
+
+[D] ASHFORD. This village is frequently called Ashford in the water,
+from the lowness of its situation. It is seated on the banks of the
+river Wye. The only remains of the residence of the Plantagenets of
+Woodstock (who had a castle here) is a moat, half filled with rubbish.
+Sir William Cavendish, the favourite of Cardinal Wolsey, purchased this
+estate of the Earl of Westmoreland; and the Duke of Devonshire, a
+descendant of that family, still continues the proprietor. The works in
+this village for sawing and polishing marble, were the first ever
+established in England. They were originally constructed by Mr. Henry
+Watson, of Bakewell, about 80 years since, but though he obtained a
+patent, to secure the gain arising from this invention, the advantages
+were unequal to his expectations. Mr. John Platt, architect, of
+Rotherham, in Yorkshire, rented the quarries of black and grey marble,
+the only ones of the kind now worked in Derbyshire. The sweeping mill,
+as it is called, from its circular motion, will level a floor of eighty
+superficial feet of marble slabs at one time.
+
+[Sidenote: Extensive works for sawing and polishing marble.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County. |   Number of Miles From
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    11|Ashford           pa|Devon    |Barnstaple  2|Ilfracomb   8|
+    21|Ashford[A] m.t. & pa|Kent     |Canterbury 15|Folkestone 17|
+    25|Ashford[B]      chap|Middlesex|Staines     3|Bedfont     2|
+    33|Ashford Bowdler   pa|Salop    |Ludlow      3|Tenbury     6|
+    33|Ashford Carbonel  pa|Salop    |...         3|...         6|
+    23|Ashfordby         pa|Leicester|Melton Mow. 3|Loughbro'  11|
+    29|Ash-holm         ham|Northumb |Hexham     19|Haltwhistle 4|
+    27|Ashill            pa|Norfolk  |Watton      4|Swaffham    6|
+    34|Ashill[C]         pa|Somerset |Ilminster   4|Taunton     8|
+    14|Ashingdon[D]      pa|Essex    |Rochford    3|Maldon      9|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    11|Ashford           pa|Marwood               2|  194|     99|
+    21|Ashford[A] m.t. & pa|Maidstone            19|   53|   2809|
+    25|Ashford[B]      chap|Sunbury               3|   16|    458|
+    33|Ashford Bowdler   pa|Leominster            9|  137|     99|
+    33|Ashford Carbonel  pa|  ...                 9|  137|    289|
+    23|Ashfordby         pa|Leicester            13|  108|    467|
+    29|Ash-holm         ham|Aldstone              7|  279|    122|
+    27|Ashill            pa|E. Dereham           10|   94|    700|
+    34|Ashill[C]         pa|Chard                 7|  137|    403|
+    14|Ashingdon[D]      pa|Chelmsford           13|   40|     98|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHFORD is situated about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence
+rising from the northern bank of the small river Stour, and on the high
+road between Hythe and Maidstone. The town, which is a liberty of
+itself, originated from the ruins of Great Chart, an ancient market
+town, which gave name to the hundred, and was destroyed in the Danish
+wars. It was then called Asscheford, and, in some early documents,
+Estefort and Enetesford, from the ford over the river Stour; the ancient
+name of which was Esshe or Eschet. It is pleasantly situated near the
+confluence of the upper branches of the river Stour, over one of which
+there is a bridge. The manor received the privilege of a market so early
+as Edward I. The town is governed by a mayor, and possesses a court of
+record for the recovery of debts, not exceeding twenty marks. The church
+is a spacious and handsome fabric, consisting of a nave, aisles, and
+three chancels, with a lofty and well-proportioned tower. There are
+several ancient monuments, especially one of a Countess of Athol, who
+died in 1365, whose effigy exhibits the female costume of that age, in a
+very remarkable manner. The ancient college, founded by Sir John Fogge
+owner of the manor, in the reign of Edward IV., was dissolved in that of
+Henry VII., and the house given to the vicar for a residence. It still
+exists, although latterly much modernised. Here is a Free Grammar
+School, founded by Sir Norton Knatchbull, in the reign of Charles I.,
+and various minor charities. The inhabitants of this town and its
+vicinity are much engaged in the rearing and fattening of cattle, for
+the sale of which its markets and fairs are much celebrated.
+
+   _Market_ Saturday. A stock market held on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in
+   every month.--_Fairs_ May 17, and August 2, for wool; September 9,
+   October 12, and 24, for horses, cattle and pedlary.--_Inns_, George,
+   Royal Oak, and Saracen's Head.--_Bankers_, G. and W. Jemmett, draw on
+   Esdaile and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.15 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of the town of Ashford.]
+
+[Sidenote: The college made into a parsonage house:]
+
+
+[B] ASHFORD. This place was originally called Exeford, from its ford
+over the river Exe; the village is now but of little importance. It lies
+in that level part of the county, formerly occupied by Hounslow Heath,
+the terror of the western traveller, from the numerous robberies
+committed on its highways. Ashford Common was selected for military
+reviews; it has however, for some years been inclosed, and the review
+ground is now near Hounslow. The chapel is a plain brick building,
+possessing no claims on the attention of the antiquary; it was erected
+in 1796 by voluntary contribution.
+
+[Sidenote: Hounslow Heath.]
+
+
+[C] ASHILL.--_Fairs_, April 9, and September 10.
+
+
+[D] ASHINGDON. This place is memorable in the early periods of our
+history. "Nothing is more surprising," observes Gough, in his Additions
+to Camden, "than the errors all antiquaries have hitherto lain under
+with respect to the scene of the battle between Edmund Ironside and the
+Danes." Though they had the authority of Mr. Camden against them, they
+have caried it quite across the county to the northern extremity and as
+far from the sea as possible, in defiance of every circumstance that
+could fix it there. In a marsh in Woodham Mortimer parish, on the river
+Burnham or Crouch, are twenty-four barrows grouped in pairs, and most of
+them surrounded by a ditch, supposed to be the burial places of the
+Danes, who probably landed at Bradwell, a village near the mouth of the
+Blackwater River, fourteen miles distant.
+
+[Sidenote: The site of an engagement between Edm. Ironside and the
+Danes.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.  | County. |        Number of Miles From
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-------------+--------------+
+    29|Ashington           to|Northump |Morpeth     5|Blyth        6|
+    34|Ashington           pa|Somerset |Ilchester   3|Yeovil       4|
+    38|Ashington           pa|Sussex   |Steyning    4|Arundel      9|
+     7|Ashley              to|Chester  |Knutsford   5|Altringham   3|
+    28|Ashley              pa|Northamp |Rockingham  6|Harborough   5|
+    16|Ashley              pa|Hants    |Stockbridge 3|Winchester   8|
+    35|Ashley              pa|Stafford |Eccleshall  6|Drayton      6|
+    41|Ashley[A]           pa|Wilts    |Malmesbury  5|Tetbury      3|
+     5|Ashley-Green       ham|Bucks    |Chesham     3|Berkhamp     2|
+     6|Ashley-cum-Silvery, pa|Cambridge|Newmarket   5|Mildenhall  10|
+    10|Ashley-Hay          to|Derby    |Wirksworth  2|Belper       6|
+    27|Ashmanhaugh         pa|Norfolk  |Coltishall  3|Worsted      3|
+    16|Ashmansworth      chap|Hants    |Whitchurch  8|Andover     10|
+    12|Ashmore             pa|Dorset   |Shaftesbury 5|Cranborne   12|
+    34|Asholt, or Aisholt  pa|Somerset |Bridgewater 7|Stowey       3|
+    10|Ashover[B]     to & pa|Derby    |Alfreton    7|Chesterfield 7|
+    39|Ashow               pa|Warwick  |Warwick     5|Kenilworth   3|
+    17|Ashperton         chap|Hereford |Ledbury     5|Hereford    11|
+    11|Ashprington         pa|Devon    |Totness     3|Brixham      6|
+    34|Ash-Priors          pa|Somerset |Taunton     6|Wellington   6|
+    11|Ashreigney          pa|Devon    |Chumleigh   4|Torrington  11|
+     5|Ashridge[C]        ham|Bucks    |Chesham     2|Berkhamp     4|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    29|Ashington           to|Ulgham                4|  290|      57|
+    34|Ashington           pa|Sherborne             7|  121|      74|
+    38|Ashington           pa|Horsham              10|   46|     285|
+     7|Ashley              to|Cheadle               7|  177|     379|
+    28|Ashley              pa|Rothwell              8|   86|     304|
+    16|Ashley              pa|Romsey                8|   67|      93|
+    35|Ashley              pa|Newcastle             9|  154|     825|
+    41|Ashley[A]           pa|Kemble                5|   96|      99|
+     5|Ashley-Green       ham|Tring                 5|   27|     ...|
+     6|Ashley-cum-Silvery, pa|Bury                 11|   63|     361|
+    10|Ashley-Hay          to|Turnditch             3|  138|     241|
+    27|Ashmanhaugh         pa|Norwich              10|  118|     154|
+    16|Ashmansworth      chap|Newbury               8|   64|     222|
+    12|Ashmore             pa|Blandford             8|  101|     191|
+    34|Asholt, or Aisholt  pa|Taunton               8|  146|     228|
+    10|Ashover[B]     to & pa|Matlock               3|  147|    3179|
+    39|Ashow               pa|Coventry              6|   95|     176|
+    17|Ashperton         chap|Bromyard             11|  125|     398|
+    11|Ashprington         pa|Dartmouth             6|  198|     549|
+    34|Ash-Priors          pa|Stowey                9|  147|      201
+    11|Ashreigney          pa|Hatherleigh           9|  198|    1038|
+     5|Ashridge[C]        ham|Tring                 5|   29|     ...|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] ASHLEY, was formerly distinguished by a fair and market, it is now
+remarkable only for a large mansion, which was once the seat of the
+Georges. The church, an ancient building, with a square embattled tower,
+is principally interesting for its arches; some of which are round, and
+others pointed, resting on slender clustered pillars, with massy
+capitals of foliage. The font is large, round, and very rude in its
+workmanship.
+
+
+[B] ASHOVER. This village is of great antiquity, being mentioned in the
+Doomsday Book, as having a church and a priest. In the church is an
+ancient font, supposed to be Saxon; the base is of stone; the lower part
+is of an hexagonal form; the upper part circular, surrounded with twenty
+figures, in devotional attitudes, embossed in lead, in ornamental
+niches. There are also some ancient monuments of the Babington family,
+who were for a long time seated at Dithicke, a chapelry in this parish.
+Anthony Babington was executed for high treason in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, having engaged in a conspiracy to destroy that princess. On
+the declivity of a hill on Ashover Common is a rocking stone, called
+Robin Hood's Mark, which measures about twenty-six feet in
+circumference. From its extraordinary position, it appears not only to
+have been the work of art, but to have been placed with great ingenuity.
+About 200 yards to the north is a singularly shaped work, called the
+Turning-stone, nine feet high: it is supposed to have been a rock idol.
+Overton Hall, in this vicinity, was once the seat of Sir Joseph Banks,
+the President of the Royal Society.
+
+[Sidenote: A singular rocking stone, formerly an idol.]
+
+
+[C] ASHRIDGE was formerly called Escrug. In very early times this
+village is reported to have possessed a royal palace; which, when the
+estate became the property of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, son to Richard,
+King of the Romans, was converted into a college for Bonhommes (or monks
+who followed the rules of St. Augustine,) and endowed with the manors of
+Ashridge, Gaddesden, and Hemel Hempstead. A parliament was held here by
+Edward the First, in the year 1291; and, though of short continuance, it
+was distinguished by a spirited debate on the origin and necessary use
+of fines. After the dissolution, the monastery appears to have become
+the seat of royalty; and Norden describes it as the place "wherein our
+most worthy and ever famous Queen Elizabeth lodged, as in her owne,
+being a more statelie house." This queen, in the 17th year of her reign,
+granted it to John Dudley, and John Ayscough, who within the short
+period of a fortnight, conveyed it to Henry, Lord Cheny, whose lady sold
+it to Ralph Marshal, by whom it was again conveyed to Randolph Crew and
+others, and soon afterwards granted to Egerton, Lord Ellesmere, ancestor
+to the late Duke of Bridgewater; several of whose family are buried in
+the neighbouring church of Little Gaddesden. The old college, the
+greater part of which was standing in the year 1800, exhibited a fine
+specimen of the gothic architecture of the thirteenth century. The
+cloisters were particularly beautiful. The walls were painted in fresco
+with Scripture subjects. The late Duke of Bridgewater pulled down the
+whole of these buildings, the materials of which were disposed of in
+lots; the present earl, the dukedom being extinct, has erected a most
+magnificent mansion at a great expense. Ashridge Park, which contains
+some very fine oak and beech trees, is pleasingly varied with hill and
+dale. It is about five miles in circumference.
+
+[Sidenote: A parliament held here by Edward I.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manor house a favourite seat of Queen Elizabeth.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County.  |  Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+    37|Ashtead         pa|Surrey    |Epsom     2|Leatherhead 2|
+     7|Ashton          to|Chester   |Chester   8|Tarporley   7|
+    11|Ashton          pa|Devon     |Chudleigh 4|Exeter      6|
+    22|Ashton          to|Lancaster |Preston   2|Kirkham     7|
+    22|Ashton[A]       to|Lancaster |Lancaster 3|Garstang    8|
+    28|Ashton          pa|Northamp  |Northamp  7|Towcester   5|
+    28|Ashton         ham|Northamp  |Wandsford 5|Stamford    5|
+    28|Ashton         ham|Northamp  |Oundle    1|Wandsford   8|
+    41|Ashton-Giffard  to|Wilts     |Warminste 7|Hindon      6|
+    15|Ashton        chap|Gloucester|Evesham   5|Tewkesbury  8|
+    41|Ashton-Keynes   pa|Wilts     |Cricklade 4|Cirencester 6|
+    34|Ashton, Long[B] pa|Somerset  |Bristol   3|Keynsham    7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    37|Ashtead         pa|Ewell                4|   17|    607|
+     7|Ashton          to|Frodsham             6|  185|    405|
+    11|Ashton          pa|Moreton Ha.          6|  174|    333|
+    22|Ashton          to|Garstang            11|  219|    ...|
+    22|Ashton[A]       to|Overton              3|  237|    213|
+    28|Ashton          pa|Stoney Strat.        7|   62|    380|
+    28|Ashton         ham|M. Deeping           4|   89|    126|
+    28|Ashton         ham|Stilton              8|   81|    129|
+    41|Ashton-Giffard  to|Wilton              12|   90|    ...|
+    15|Ashton        chap|Winchcomb            8|  102|    301|
+    41|Ashton-Keynes   pa|Malmesbury           8|   89|   1182|
+    34|Ashton, Long[B] pa|Axbridge            14|  120|   1423|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON. Near this village is Ashton Hall, a seat of his Grace the
+Duke of Hamilton. It formerly belonged to the family of the Laurences,
+but came into the present family by the marriage of James, Earl of
+Arran, afterwards Duke of Hamilton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of
+Lord Gerrard Digby, of Bromley. The mansion is a large building, with
+some square embattled towers, an ancient hall, and other features of a
+magnificent baronial castle. It is situated in a fine park, through
+which flows a small rivulet, forming a narrow bay, at the western side
+of the grounds. The park abounds with wood, and is agreeably diversified
+with hill and dale, and affords, from many parts, extensive views across
+the river Lune to Morecambe Bay, the Irish sea, &c. The mansion has
+undergone considerable alteration, yet care has been taken to preserve
+its ancient character.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Galgate Bridge, one mile distant, 9.20 P.M.;
+   departs 2.20 morn.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Hamilton.]
+
+
+[B] ASHTON, or LONG ASHTON, is situated in a rich woody vale, protected
+on the north by a range of picturesque though bleak hills, and on the
+north lies the lofty ridge of Dundry. In this parish the inhabitants
+raise fruit and vegetables for the Bristol market. There is much
+garden-ground in Long Ashton, in which many Roman coins have been
+discovered. The houses are in general well-built, much company resorting
+thither during the summer season. The circumjacent scenery is
+delightful, and in the vicinity are the remains of two Roman
+encampments, Stokeleigh and Burwalls. The church is an old but very
+handsome building, founded by the family of Lyons; the nave and aisles
+are divided from the chancel by a beautiful gothic screen of fret and
+flower work, painted and gilt, and executed in the most admirable style.
+One of the 6 bells contained in the tower is inscribed "Sancte Johannes
+Baptiste ora pro nobis;" on the tower are the arms of Lyons, in stone.
+Amongst several painted figures and coats of arms on the glass of the
+windows, are the portraits of Edward IV. and his Queen, Elizabeth
+Widville. Here are several handsome monuments, but that of Sir Richard
+Choke and his lady is eminently magnificent and beautiful. Ashton Court,
+the manor house, originally founded by the Lyons family, but materially
+altered by Inigo Jones, occupies the S.E. slope of Ashton Down, and the
+remains of another old manor house, called the Lower Court, still stands
+in a valley to the S.W. of the village.
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | County. |   Number of Miles From
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
+    22|Ashton-under-Lyne[A]    p|Lancaster|Manchester 7|Stockport  7|
+    22|Ashton-in-Mackerfield}[B]|         |            |            |
+      |            o & chap }   |Lancaster|Newton     3|Prescot    7|
+     7|Ashton-upon-Mersey   }   |         |            |            |
+      |             to & pa }   |Chester  |Stockport  9|Manchester 7|
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    22|Ashton-under-Lyne[A]    p|Mottram              5|  186|  33597|
+    22|Ashton-in-Mackerfield}[B]|                      |     |       |
+      |            o & chap }   |Wigan                5|  196|   5912|
+     7|Ashton-upon-Mersey   }   |                      |     |       |
+      |             to & pa }   |Altringham           4|  184|   2078|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE is a large town situated at the south-eastern
+extremity of the county. It consists of several narrow streets, built on
+a high bank, which rises from the river Tame. It appears from an ancient
+manuscript, that Ashton was formerly a borough, yet for some centuries
+it sent no members to Parliament; but, by the Reform Bill of 1832, it
+now returns one member, and the mayor of the town is the returning
+officer. The borough comprises the whole district, over which the
+lighting and paving act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV. extends. A court
+is held here for the recovery of debts, not exceeding five pounds, by
+48th Geo. III. c. 18; any person may sue, under the general regulations,
+and defendants sued elsewhere are to have their costs. Defendants
+removing out of the jurisdiction, may be followed in person and goods,
+by removing the record to the superior courts, but wagers, &c. are not
+recoverable. The principal part of the landed property of this parish
+belongs to the Earl of Stamford, in whose family it was conveyed, by the
+marriage of Sir William Booth to the daughter of Sir Thomas Asheton,
+whose family possessed some peculiar privileges in this manor: among
+which was, the power of life and death over their tenantry. In
+commemoration of this privilege, and its having been sometimes
+exercised, a field near the old hall is still called Gallows Meadow.
+There is also an ancient custom here, called "riding the black lad,"
+celebrated every Easter Monday, to perpetuate some act of great tyranny
+exercised by Sir Ralph Asheton, in 1483, when vice-constable of England.
+The ceremony consists in exhibiting the effigies of a man on horseback
+through the streets, which is afterwards suspended on the cross in the
+market place, and there shot. The figure was formerly cased in armour,
+and the expenses of it were defrayed by the court. Another account of
+the origin of this custom states, that Thomas Asheton, in the reign of
+Henry III., particularly distinguished himself at the battle of
+Neville's Cross, and bore away the standard from the Scotch King's tent.
+For this heroic deed the King conferred on Ashton the honour of
+Knighthood, who, on his arrival at his manor instituted the custom
+described. At the village of Fairfield, in this parish, there is a
+Moravian settlement, who have erected a chapel for their followers. The
+males are principally employed in spinning and weaving: they form a very
+industrious and orderly community. On the western side of the town is
+Ashton Moss, which supplies the poor with peat turf. Oak and fir trees
+are frequently found by those who dig for the peat.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, March 23, April 29, July 25, and
+   November 21, for horned cattle, horses, and toys.--_Bankers_,
+   Buckley, Roberts, and Co.; draw in London on Jones, Lloyd, and
+   Co.--_Inn_, Commercial Hotel.
+
+[Sidenote: Court of Requests for the recovery of L5. Defendants may be
+followed.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lord of the manor possessed a power of life and death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Custom of riding the black lad.]
+
+[Sidenote: Moravian settlement.]
+
+
+[B] ASHTON. This village is generally called Ashton in Makerfield, or
+Ashton in the Willows; it enjoys a very pleasant situation on the road
+between Newton and Wigan. The hardware and cotton manufactories give
+employment to the inhabitants. The church is a large old building, part
+of which appears to have been erected by the lords of the manor. On the
+pews are some ancient carvings; and in the windows are exhibited some
+painted figures. Several of the Ashtons lie interred here, and their
+names are inscribed on the windows. Near the church is a curious
+mansion, called the Old Hall, the oldest parts of which are said to have
+been built in 1483; adjoining this stands a pile, which was formerly
+used as a prison.
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.   | County. |        Number of Miles From
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
+    41|Ashton-Steeple[A] pa & ti|Wilts    |Trowbridge   3|Melksham      4|
+    41|Ashton, West           to|Wilts    |  ...        3|  ...         5|
+    21|Ashurst                pa|Kent     |Tunbridge    7|Tunbr. Wells  5|
+    38|Ashurst                pa|Sussex   |Steyning     4|Henfield      3|
+    11|Ashwater               pa|Devon    |Holsworthy   7|Oakhampton   14|
+    18|Ashwell[B]             pa|Herts    |Baldock      4|Royston       6|
+    32|Ashwell                pa|Rutland  |Oakham       4|Cottesmere    3|
+    27|Ashwell-Thorpe         pa|Norfolk  |Wymondham    3|Attleburgh    7|
+    34|Ashwick                pa|Somerset |Shepton Mall 4|Frome         9|
+    27|Ashwicken              pa|Norfolk  |Lynn         5|Castle Rising 5|
+    35|Ashwood               ham|Stafford |Stourbridge  4|Dudley        3|
+    22|Ashworth             chap|Lancaster|Rochdale     3|Bury          3|
+    43|Aske                   to|N.R. York|Richmond     2|Reeth         8|
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.   |   Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+    41|Ashton-Steeple[A] pa & ti|Devizes                7|   96|     1754|
+    41|Ashton, West           to|  ...                  9|   98|      374|
+    21|Ashurst                pa|Groombridge            2|   34|      206|
+    38|Ashurst                pa|W. Grinstead           4|   47|      423|
+    11|Ashwater               pa|Launceston             8|  209|      862|
+    18|Ashwell[B]             pa|Biggleswade            6|   41|     1072|
+    32|Ashwell                pa|Overton                3|   99|      209|
+    27|Ashwell-Thorpe         pa|Buckenham              7|  100|      471|
+    34|Ashwick                pa|Wells                  6|  118|      995|
+    27|Ashwicken              pa|Swaffham              10|   98|       80|
+    35|Ashwood               ham|Wolverhamp.            6|  123|      ...|
+    22|Ashworth             chap|Manchester            11|  192|      294|
+    43|Aske                   to|Darlington            11|  235|      105|
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ASHTON, or STEEPLE ASHTON is remarkable for its lofty and elegant
+church, which was built about the year 1480, though the chapels and a
+part of the chancel appear of a still earlier date. The tower which is
+high and handsome, was formerly surmounted by a spire or steeple, whence
+the village had its distinctive appellation. An inscription informs us
+that, in the year 1670, the spire being in height 93 feet above the
+tower, was rent by a violent thunder storm, and that in the same year,
+being almost re-erected, it was by a second storm again destroyed. The
+roof of the nave is formed by intersecting arches, which rest on
+canopied niches, adorned with whole length figures or flowers; and that
+of the aisles is profusely decorated with sculpture and tracery work,
+while the windows display some splendid remains of painted glass, the
+whole corresponding with the exterior in style and effect. Plot informs
+us that there was dug up at Steeple Ashton, a pavement, which he
+considered to be Roman, though different in materials and design from
+those commonly regarded as such. The Madrepore stone is found among the
+fossil productions of Ashton. Rowd Ashton, the seat of Richard Godolphin
+Long, Esq., is situated in a large and well wooded park. The Kennet and
+Avon canal from London to Bristol passes near this village.
+
+[Sidenote: The church steeple twice thrown down by storms.]
+
+
+[B] ASHWELL. This village, situate on the river Rhee, on the borders of
+Cambridgeshire, derives its present name from Escewelle, and is supposed
+by Camden to be of Roman origin, from the frequent discovery of Roman
+coins, and sepulchral urns, in an adjacent earthwork, or fortification,
+called Arbury banks. It is in a low situation on the northern edge of
+the county. Here a considerable spring breaks out from a rocky bank
+overhung with lofty ash-trees, from which a continued quantity of water
+flows, and being quickly collected into one channel, turns a mill, and
+soon after becomes a river. From this spring and these ash-trees, it is
+supposed the Saxons gave it the name of Ashwell. The village was
+anciently a demesne of the Saxon kings; but before the time of Edward
+the Confessor, it was granted to the Abbots of St. Peter's, at
+Westminster, to whom it continued to belong till the dissolution, when
+the Abbey was erected into a deanery, and after that into a bishopric;
+it, however, followed the fate of similar foundations; and when the
+bishopric was dissolved, in the reign of Edward VI., it was granted,
+with other manors, to the see of London, in which it is still invested.
+The church consists of a nave, aisle, and chancel, with a tower at the
+west-end, surmounted by a spire. In the chancel are several slabs,
+formerly inlaid with brasses. Among the inscriptions, Weever notices one
+with the words, "Orate pro--Walter Sommoner." "I reade," says Weever,
+"that one Walter Sumner held the manor of Ashwell of the King, by pettie
+sergeantie; viz. to find the king spits to rost his meate upon the day
+of his coronation: and John Sumner, his sonne, held the same manor by
+service, to turne a spit in the king's kitchen upon the day of his
+coronation."
+
+[Sidenote: Powerful spring oozing from a rock.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.     |  County. |     Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    45|Askerne or Askeron[A] to|W.R. York |Doncaster  7|Ferry-bridge 8|
+    11|Askerswell            pa|Dorset    |Bridport   4|Beaminster   8|
+    9 |Askerton[B]           to|Cumberland|Carlisle  13|Longtown    12|
+    30|Askham              chap|Nottingham|Tuxford    3|Gamston      3|
+    40|Askham[C]        to & pa|Westmor   |Penrith    4|Lowther      2|
+    43|Askham Bryan     to & pa|N.R. York |York       4|Tadcaster    6|
+    43|Askham                pa|N.R. York |York       5|  ...        5|
+    43|Askrigg[D]   m.t. & chap|N.R. York |Middleham 12|Reeth        7|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    45|Askerne or Askeron[A] to|Snaith               10|  169|     256|
+    11|Askerswell            pa|Abbotsbury            7|  131|     228|
+    9 |Askerton[B]           to|Brampton              5|  316|     473|
+    30|Askham              chap|E. Retford            6|  140|     329|
+    40|Askham[C]        to & pa|Bampton               4|  280|     587|
+    43|Askham Bryan     to & pa|Wetherby             10|  196|     341|
+    43|Askham                pa|  ...                 9|  195|     234|
+    43|Askrigg[D]   m.t. & chap|Hawes                 5|  246|     737|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+
+
+[A] ASKERNE. This village is one of the numerous places in the West
+Riding, which enjoys the distinction of a mineral spring. The water
+resembles that of Harrowgate Spa; but taken internally, differs
+materially in its operation, acting chiefly as a diuretic without any of
+that cathartic or purgative power, for which the Harrowgate waters are
+so remarkable. The village is situated at the foot of a hill; the spring
+rises at the distance of a few yards only from a piece of water called
+Askerne Pool, seven acres in extent, and is much frequented by rheumatic
+or scorbutic patients, who seldom fail to obtain the relief which they
+seek. Near this place it is said the British Prince Ambrosius defeated
+and put to death the fierce Saxon leader Hengist.
+
+[Sidenote: The Saxon leader Hengist put to death.]
+
+
+[B] ASKERTON. At this village there is a castle which was built by the
+Barons Dacre. This well known name is derived from the exploits of one
+of their ancestors at the siege of Acre, or Ptolemais, under Richard
+Coeur de Lion. There were two powerful branches of that name. The
+first family, called Lord Dacres of the South, held the castle of the
+same name, and are ancestors to the present Lord Dacre. The other
+family, descended from the same stock, were called Lord Dacres of the
+North, and were Barons of Gillesland and Graystock. A chieftain of the
+latter branch was warden of the West Marshes, during the reign of Edward
+VI. He was a man of a hot and obstinate character, as appears from some
+particulars of Lord Surrey's letter to Henry VIII., giving an account of
+his behaviour at the siege and storm of Jedburgh. The castle was
+formerly garrisoned by the Serjeant of Gillesland, who sometimes
+commanded and led the inhabitants against the Scots.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Lord Dacre.]
+
+
+[C] ASKHAM. This place consists of two manors. The hall, built in 1574,
+on the river Lowther, has an embattled roof, and a sombre aspect well
+suited to the gloom of the surrounding scenery. Several remarkable heaps
+of stones, among which, one is called the Druid's Cross, are in this
+neighbourhood; and also a large cairn, called the White-raise.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Lowther 1-1/2 miles distant 2.30 morning; departs 8
+   evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Druid's Cross.]
+
+
+[D] ASKRIGG. This ancient market town is situated near the river Ure and
+Swaledale Forest: it resembles a large village, and the occupations of
+the inhabitants are principally the knitting of stockings and making
+butter or cheese. It is remarkable, chiefly, for some considerable
+cataracts in its neighbourhood: as Millgill Force, a fall of from twenty
+to thirty yards; Whitfields Force, a grand specimen of the picturesque;
+and Hardrow Force, where the water falls in one grand sheet from a
+perpendicular height of one hundred feet. This town is one of the
+polling places appointed under the Reform Bill of 1832, for the North
+Riding.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, May 10, horned cattle; May 12, and
+   first Thursday in June, woollen cloth, pewter, brass, and milliners'
+   goods; October 28, horned cattle; October 29, woollens, &c.
+
+[Sidenote: Cataract 100 feet in height.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  County. |  Number of Miles From
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+    45|Askwith          to|W.R. York |Otley         3|Skipton   12|
+    24|Aslackby[A]      pa|Lincoln   |Folkingham    2|Bourn      7|
+    27|Aslacton         pa|Norfolk   |Stratton      4|Buckenham  5|
+    30|Aslacton         pa|Nottingham|Bingham       2|Newark    12|
+    36|Aspall           pa|Suffolk   |Eye           6|Debenham   2|
+    36|Aspal Stoneham   pa|Suffolk   |Debenham      4|Needham    5|
+     9|Aspatria[B] to & pa|Cumberland|Cockermouth   8|Wigton     9|
+    18|Aspedon          pa|Herts     |Buntingford   1|Stevenage  9|
+    35|Aspley           to|Stafford  |Eccleshall    1|Stone      6|
+    39|Aspley          ham|Warwick   |Henley-in Ar. 2|Alcester   7|
+     3|Aspley Guise     pa|Bedford   |Woburn        2|Ampthill   7|
+    22|Aspull           to|Lancaster |Wigan         3|Bolton     8|
+    46|Asselby          to|E.R. York |Howden        2|Selby      7|
+    31|Assendon[C]      to|Oxford    |Henley-on-T.  4|Watlington 7|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+    45|Askwith          to|Ripley                  12|  208|   400|
+    24|Aslackby[A]      pa|Corby                    9|  104|   455|
+    27|Aslacton         pa|Diss                     9|   97|   359|
+    30|Aslacton         pa|Nottingham              11|  123|   289|
+    36|Aspall           pa|Framlingham              9|   85|   126|
+    36|Aspal Stoneham   pa|Stowmarket               7|   80|   633|
+     9|Aspatria[B] to & pa|Allonby                  4|  311|   761|
+    18|Aspedon          pa|Puckeridge               9|   31|   560|
+    35|Aspley           to|Stafford                 7|  148|    26|
+    39|Aspley          ham|Stratford                7|   99|   106|
+     3|Aspley Guise     pa|Wavenden                 3|   43|  1014|
+    22|Aspull           to|Chorley                  7|  203|  2464|
+    46|Asselby          to|Snaith                   7|  178|   297|
+    31|Assendon[C]      to|Nettlebed                3|   39|   ...|
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ASLACKBY. In this village, which is on the direct road from London
+to Lincoln, there was a commandery, or associated body of Knights
+Templars, founded in the time of Richard I., by John le Mareshall. It
+afterwards served for the hospitallers, and at the suppression of this
+society, the property was transferred to Edward, Lord Clinton. A
+farm-house, which now occupies the site of the old circular church, is
+called the temple. Of that ancient structure there yet remains a square
+embattled tower of two stories. The lower story is vaulted, and formed
+of eight groins, in the centre of which is displayed eight shields, and
+various coats of arms. The parish church is a handsome building, with an
+embattled tower at the west end. A castle formerly stood here, but no
+vestiges of the walls can now be seen: remnants, however, of the foss
+and earthworks point out the spot where it was situated.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 7.40 morn.; departs 6.45 evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient village.]
+
+
+[B] ASPATRIA, or ASPATRIC, is a long straggling village on the side of a
+hill, about five miles distant from the Irish sea. It now forms part of
+the estate of the Earl of Egremont, but is supposed to have derived its
+name from Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar. On removing the earth of a barrow,
+which stood at Beacon-hill, an eminence about 200 yards to the north of
+the village, in the year 1790, a human skeleton was found in a kind of
+chest, or kistvaen, formed by two large cobblestones at each end, and
+the same on each side. The feet were decayed and rotted off, but from
+the head to the ancle-bone, the skeleton measured seven feet. On
+exposure to the atmospheric air the other bones soon mouldered away.
+Near the shoulder, on the left side, was a broad sword five feet long,
+the guard of which was elegantly inlaid with silver flowers: a dirk, or
+dagger, lay on the right side; it was one foot and a half long, and the
+handle seemed to have been studded with silver. There were likewise
+found part of a golden fibula, or buckle, a broken battle-axe, an
+ornament for the end of a belt, a part of which yet remained, part of a
+spur, and a bit resembling a modern snaffle. Various figures, rudely
+sculptured, remained on the stones which enclosed the left side of the
+chest; they chiefly represented circles, each having within a cross in
+relief. Hayman Rooke, Esq., the learned antiquary, from whose account
+the above particulars are taken, supposed that the personage whose
+remains were found was buried soon after the first dawning of
+Christianity; and also, inferred from the rich ornaments found in the
+tomb, that he was a chieftain of high rank.
+
+[Sidenote: Prodigious skeleton, 7ft. from the head to the ancle-bone.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient relics found.]
+
+
+[C] ASSENDON. At this township is a land spring, reputed the most
+eminent of its kind in England. The water only appears after a
+continuance of wet weather, but then issues forth in such abundance,
+that mills might be turned by the current, and the adjacent lowlands are
+inundated. This spring has been supposed by some to act on the principle
+of a natural syphon, and to be supplied from subterranean sources; but
+this is evidently erroneous, as the seasons of its flowing are uniformly
+after heavy rains.
+
+[Sidenote: Wonderful spring.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From
+   +--+----------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+    36|Assington     pa|Suffolk  |Neyland    4|Sudbury     5|
+    45|Asson-Thorpe ham|W.R. York|Thorne     4|Snaith      5|
+     7|Astbury[A]    pa|Chester  |Congleton  2|Sandbach    6|
+    24|Asterby       pa|Lincoln  |Horncastle 7|Louth       7|
+    31|Asthall[B]    pa|Oxford   |Burford    2|Witney      6|
+    22|Astley      chap|Lancaster|Newton     6|Manchester 11|
+    33|Astley      chap|Salop    |Shrewsbury 0|Wellington 11|
+    39|Astley[C]     pa|Warwick  |Nuneaton   4|Coleshill   7|
+    42|Astley[D]     pa|Worcester|Bewdley    5|Worcester   9|
+   +--+----------------+---------+------------+-------------+
+                                              |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    36|Assington     pa|Hadleigh             7|   57|    641|
+    45|Asson-Thorpe ham|Doncaster            9|  170|       |
+     7|Astbury[A]    pa|Leek                10|  160|  14637|
+    24|Asterby       pa|M. Raisin.          13|  143|    231|
+    31|Asthall[B]    pa|Charlbury            8|   70|    352|
+    22|Astley      chap|Bolton               7|  195|   1832|
+    33|Astley      chap|Oswestry            18|  153|    239|
+    39|Astley[C]     pa|Coventry             7|   98|    340|
+    42|Astley[D]     pa|Kiddermins           5|  121|    849|
+   +--+----------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTBURY, or AUSTBURY, is an extensive village and contains several
+gentlemen's seats. The church is a handsome gothic structure, with a
+lofty steeple. In the church yard are two ancient monuments, ornamented
+with the insignia of knighthood, but the names of the families whose
+memories they were intended to record are now lost. The parish of
+Astbury contains no less than twelve townships, of which the market town
+of Congleton is one. Each of these townships has its overseer and other
+officers, but the whole parish is under the government of one
+church-warden, the office of which is served in rotation by eight
+persons, vulgarly denominated the "Posts of the Parish;" though they
+should properly be called Provosts.
+
+[Sidenote: Contains 12 townships.]
+
+
+[B] ASTHALL. At this village is an old manorial mansion, now used as a
+farm-house, which was formerly the residence of Sir Richard Jones, one
+of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Charles the
+First. In the north aisle of the church stands a large stone coffin,
+said to contain the remains of Alice Corbett, concubine to Henry I.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 5 morning; departs 9.35 evening.
+
+[Sidenote: Alice Corbett.]
+
+
+[C] ASTLEY. This manor was held, in the reign of Henry II., by Philip de
+Estley, of the Earl of Warwick, by the service of holding the Earl's
+stirrup when he mounted or alighted from his horse. From this person are
+descended two families, seated at Hill Morton, in this county, and at
+Patshull, in Staffordshire. In the reign of Henry V. the estate passed
+by marriage to the Greys of Ruthin, from whom it descended to Henry
+Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in the reign of
+Queen Mary, for an attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen. The manor
+belongs at present to F.P. Newdigate, Esq. Astley Castle is surrounded
+by a moat, along the inner edge of which lie the remains of massive
+walls. The habitable part of the mansion is probably not older than the
+time of Mary; but it is clad in a garb of ivy, and other evergreens,
+which renders it singularly picturesque. In one room is preserved a
+portrait of the factious Suffolk, respecting whose capture the following
+particulars are related:--"Finding that he was forsaken, he put himself
+under the trust of one Underwood, as it is said, a keeper of his park
+here at Astley, who hid him for some few days in a large hollow tree,
+standing about two bow-shots from the church; but, being promised a
+reward, he betrayed him." The church of Astley having been made
+collegiate, by Lord Thomas de Astley, was by him rebuilt, and adorned
+with a spire, so lofty that it served as a land-mark in the deep
+wood-lands of the district, and was popularly termed "The lanthorn of
+Arden."--The interior is curious and interesting, although many
+monuments and decorations have been removed or destroyed at various
+times. On an altar-tomb at the west-end are the effigies, in alabaster,
+of a warrior and a lady; and on another, is the mutilated figure of a
+female in a recumbent posture: both are without inscription.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular tenure.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Suffolk betrayed by his keeper.]
+
+
+[D] ASTLEY. This village is situated on the Severn, it was noted before
+the dissolution, for its priory of Benedictines, and is now remarkable
+chiefly for a hermitage formed in the living rock, and recently
+converted into an ale-house. The church, built in the Saxon style of
+architecture, contains some monuments and a few fragments of stained
+glass. Here is the ancient seat called Glasshampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Hermitage.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |      Number of Miles From
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+    33|Astley Abbots  pa|Salop     |Bridgenorth   2|M. Wenlock  7|
+     5|Aston         ham|Bucks     |Ivinghoe      1|Dunstable   7|
+     7|Aston          to|Chester   |Northwich     3|Warrington  8|
+     7|Aston   to & chap|Chester   |Frodsham      3|Northwich   8|
+    10|Aston         ham|Derby     |Tideswell     6|Castleton   2|
+    53|Aston          to|Flint     |Hawarden      2|Flint       6|
+    17|Aston          pa|Hereford  |Ludlow        4|Leominster 10|
+    18|Aston[A]       pa|Herts     |Stevenage     3|Watton      4|
+    56|Aston          to|Montgomery|Ch. Stretton 10|Montgomery  7|
+    31|Aston         ham|Oxford    |Witney        5|Bampton     2|
+    35|Aston          to|Stafford  |Drayton       6|Newcastle   6|
+    39|Aston[B]       pa|Warwick   |Birmingham    2|Tamworth   13|
+    46|Aston[C]  to & pa|N.R. York |Rotherham     6|Sheffield   8|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|    Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+    33|Astley Abbots  pa|Madeley                  6|  142|    666|
+     5|Aston         ham|Leighton                 5|   34|    406|
+     7|Aston          to|Frodsham                 9|  176|    409|
+     7|Aston   to & chap|Warrington               8|  181|    197|
+    10|Aston         ham|Derwent                  3|  164|    104|
+    53|Aston          to|Chester                  6|  197|    237|
+    17|Aston          pa|Wigmore                  4|  143|     56|
+    18|Aston[A]       pa|Welwyn                   6|   30|    494|
+    56|Aston          to|Bishop's Cas.            2|  161|     84|
+    31|Aston         ham|Ensham                   7|   69|    699|
+    35|Aston          to|Eccleshall               8|  154|    277|
+    39|Aston[B]       pa|Coleshill                9|  111|  32118|
+    46|Aston[C]  to & pa|Maltby                   6|  156|    564|
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTON. The village and manor of Aston was an ancient demesne of the
+Saxon kings. Henry VIII. granted the manor to Sir John Boteler, of
+Walton Wood Hall; but the house now standing at Aston Place, indicates
+earlier antiquity than the time of that sovereign. Westward of the
+village, on the eastern side of the great North road, are six large
+barrows, thought to be of Danish origin; from their immediate proximity
+to the road-side they excite the curiosity and attention of most persons
+travelling northward: two of them have been opened, but were not found
+to contain any thing of sufficient interest to be here recorded.
+
+[Sidenote: The six hills.]
+
+
+[B] ASTON is in the Birmingham division of the Hundred of Hemlingford.
+It may be deemed a part of Birmingham, being inhabited chiefly by
+artisans in the various branches of manufacture for which that town is
+distinguished. Aston Hall, the seat of Heneage Legge, Esq., was first
+erected by Sir Thomas Holt, Bart. in the reign of James I. It was
+several times plundered during the troubles of his successor, who was
+entertained here for two nights a short time before the battle of
+Edgehill, which occurred on October 23, 1642, between the Royalists and
+the Parliamentary forces. Sir T. Holt endowed an alms-house for five
+poor men and women in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Part of Birmingham.]
+
+
+[C] ASTON, is a parish and township with Aughton, in the wapentake of
+Strafforth and Tickhill. In the church, which is dedicated to All
+Saints, is an ancient monument, under which lie buried Lord D'Arcy and
+his three wives. There is also a marble slab to the memory of the poet
+Mason, who was rector of this parish. This distinguished poet was the
+son of a clergyman in Yorkshire, in which county he was born in the year
+1725. He became a student of St. John's College, Cambridge, and
+subsequently a fellow of Pembroke Hall, in the same university. His
+debut in the literary world was made by the publication of "Isis," a
+poem, in which he satirized the Jacobitish and High Church principles of
+the University of Oxford. A reply was written by Thomas Warton, entitled
+"The Triumph of Isis." In 1752 he published a tragedy with choral odes
+on the ancient Greek model, called "Elfrida." Having taken orders in the
+church, he was presented with the living of Aston, and appointed one of
+the royal chaplains. In 1759 appeared his "Caractacus," a drama on a
+kindred plan with the former. Both of these pieces were afterwards
+introduced on the stage, they however met with very little success. In
+1762, Mr. Mason was made precentor of York, to which preferment a
+canonry was annexed. One of his principal works, entitled "The English
+Garden," a poem, in four books, appeared in the years 1772, 1777, 1779,
+and 1781. 4to.; this was translated into French and German. In 1775 he
+published the exquisite poems of his friend Gray, with a Memoir of his
+Life. At the beginning of the American War, Mr. Mason became so active
+an advocate for freedom, as to give offence at court, and he was in
+consequence dismissed from his chaplainship. It is said he felt alarmed
+at the frightful consequences of the French Revolution, and his zeal
+cooled towards the latter end of his life. He died April 7, 1797.
+
+[Sidenote: The poet Mason's monument.]
+
+[Sidenote: An advocate for freedom dismissed from his chaplainship.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.        |  County. | Number of Miles From
+   +--+---------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+     5|Aston-Abbots             pa|Bucks     |Aylesbury   5|Winslow     7|
+    15|Aston-Blank              pa|Gloucester|Northleach  4|Stow        5|
+    33|Aston-Botterill          pa|Salop     |Bridgenorth 9|Cleobury    7|
+    39|Aston-Cantlow            pa|Warwick   |Alcester    4|Henley      4|
+     5|Aston-Clinton[A]    to & pa|Bucks     |Tring       4|Ivinghoe    5|
+    33|Aston-Eyre               to|Salop     |Bridgenorth 3|M. Wenlock  5|
+    23|Aston-Flamville      to & p|Leicester |Hinckley    3|Lutterworth 8|
+     7|Aston-Grange             to|Chester   |Frodsham    4|Northwich   7|
+    17|Aston-Ingham             pa|Hereford  |Ross        6|Ledbury    10|
+    28|Aston on the Walls, to & pa|Northamp  |Banbury     8|Daventry    9|
+    42|Aston-Magna             ham|Worcester |Moreton     3|Shipston    6|
+    31|Aston-Middle        to & pa|Oxford    |Deddington  3|Woodstock   8|
+     7|Aston-Mondrum            to|Chester   |Nantwich    4|Tarporley   8|
+    31|Aston-North              pa|Oxford    |Deddington  2|Bicester    9|
+    31|Aston-Rowant             pa|Oxford    |Tetsworth   4|Thame       4|
+     5|Aston-Sandford           pa|Bucks     |Thame       4|Aylesbury   6|
+    15|Aston-Somerville         pa|Gloucester|Evesham     4|Broadway    4|
+    31|Aston-Steeple[B]    to & pa|Oxford    |Deddington  4|Woodstock   7|
+    15|Aston-Subege             pa|Gloucester|Campden     2|Evesham     6|
+     4|Aston-Tirrold            pa|Berks     |Wallingford 6|E. Illsley  6|
+    15|Aston-upon-Carron pa and ti|Gloucester|Tewkesbury  2|Cheltenham  9|
+    10|Aston-upon-Trent         pa|Derby     |Derby       6|Ashby      10|
+     4|Aston-Upthorpe          ham|Berks     |Wallingford 6|Wantage     9|
+    28|Astrope, or Asthorpe[C] ham|Northamp  |Brackley    6|Banbury     4|
+    28|Astwell[D]              ham|Northamp  |  ...       6|Towcester   5|
+   +--+---------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|   Names of Places.        |  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+---------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     5|Aston-Abbots             pa|Leighton               6|   40|    303|
+    15|Aston-Blank              pa|Winchcomb             11|   86|    295|
+    33|Aston-Botterill          pa|Ludlow                 9|  143|    260|
+    39|Aston-Cantlow            pa|Stratford              6|   99|    940|
+     5|Aston-Clinton[A]    to & pa|Aylesbury              4|   35|   1001|
+    33|Aston-Eyre               to|Madeley                7|  143|     63|
+    23|Aston-Flamville      to & p|Leicester             13|   97|   1703|
+     7|Aston-Grange             to|Warrington             8|  181|     36|
+    17|Aston-Ingham             pa|Newent                 3|  120|    591|
+    28|Aston on the Walls, to & pa|Towcester             11|   71|    240|
+    42|Aston-Magna             ham|Broadway               4|   89|    254|
+    31|Aston-Middle        to & pa|Bicester               9|   64|    121|
+     7|Aston-Mondrum            to|Middlewich             7|  168|    159|
+    31|Aston-North              pa|Woodstock              9|   64|    305|
+    31|Aston-Rowant             pa|Watlington             4|   39|    946|
+     5|Aston-Sandford           pa|P. Risboro'            5|   42|     82|
+    15|Aston-Somerville         pa|Winchcombe             7|   98|    103|
+    31|Aston-Steeple[B]    to & pa|Bicester               9|   64|    562|
+    15|Aston-Subege             pa|Broadway               4|   92|    103|
+     4|Aston-Tirrold            pa|Streatley              5|   50|    343|
+    15|Aston-upon-Carron pa and ti|Evesham               10|  104|    166|
+    10|Aston-upon-Trent         pa|Loughboro             11|  121|    620|
+     4|Aston-Upthorpe          ham|Abingdon               8|   52|    172|
+    28|Astrope, or Asthorpe[C] ham|Deddington             5|   69|       |
+    28|Astwell[D]              ham|Daventry              13|   64|    118|
+   +--+---------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ASTON CLINTON is in the first division of Aylesbury hundred. The
+manor was the property of the late Lord Lake, who died in 1808, during
+the trial of General Whitelock, who was cashiered for his misconduct at
+Buenos Ayres at the commencement of that year. At St. Leonard's, a
+hamlet of this parish, about four miles from Aston church, is an ancient
+chapel, said to have been a chantry chapel to the Abbey of Missenden. It
+contains, among other monuments, that of General Cornelius Wood, an
+officer who distinguished himself in the reign of Queen Anne, and who
+died in 1712. It is ornamented with a bust of the general in white
+marble, surrounded with military trophies. This chapel is endowed with
+an estate, vested in ten trustees, who have the appointment of the
+minister.
+
+[Sidenote: Monument of one of Queen Anne's officers.]
+
+
+[B] STEEPLE ASTON. At this village, Dr. Samuel Radcliffe, principal of
+Brazennose College, Oxford, and rector of this church, founded a free
+school in 1640, and endowed it with ten pounds per annum; he died in the
+year 1648, and is buried in the church. He also endowed an alms-house
+for poor women in this parish. A tessalated pavement was ploughed up
+here in the 17th century.
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Samuel Radcliffe.]
+
+
+[C] ASTROPE. This hamlet is in the parish of King's Sutton. The village
+is worthy of remark, from the church having a tower crowned with a
+handsome and lofty spire, decorated with crocketed pinnacles. Here is a
+remarkably fine mineral spring, called St. Rumbald's Well, which was
+formerly in considerable repute. When drank at the fountain head, the
+water is considered a specific in cases of female obstructions, and in
+the first and second stages of consumptions. In the jaundice it seldom
+fails; and in dropsical cases is frequently administered with success.
+Persons whose constitutions have been weakened by free living, find
+themselves renovated by its virtues. The water has a brisk pleasant
+taste, and is very clear and spirituous. Astrope Hall was formerly the
+residence of the Lord Chief Justice Willes.
+
+[Sidenote: A mineral spring famous for curing consumption, jaundice,
+&c.]
+
+
+[D] ASTWELL. In this hamlet is an ancient mansion, formerly the seat of
+the Earl of Ferrers. Several of the rooms exhibit in the wainscot and
+chimney pieces, armorial bearings and other carved decorations. A
+dilapidated room at the east end was formerly a chapel.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of Earl Ferrers]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.          | County. |      Number of Miles From
+   +--+----------------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+     3|Astwick                   pa|Bedford  |Biggleswade 5|Shefford    6|
+     5|Astwood                   pa|Bucks    |Newport Pag 6|Woburn     10|
+    24|Aswarby                   pa|Lincoln  |Folkingham  4|Sleaford    5|
+    24|Aswardby                  pa|Lincoln  |Spilsby     4|Alford      7|
+    33|Atcham                    pa|Salop    |Shrewsbury  4|Acton Burn. 6|
+    39|Atch-Lench               ham|Worcester|Evesham     4|Alcester    6|
+    54|Athan, St.[A]             pa|Glamorgan|Cowbridge   4|Cardiff    15|
+    12|Athelampton               pa|Dorset   |Dorchester  7|Bere Regis  7|
+    36|Athelington, or Allington pa|Suffolk  |Eye         5|Framlingham 8|
+    34|Athelney, Isle of           |Somerset |             |             |
+    11|Atherington               pa|Devon    |Torrington  7|Barnstaple  8|
+    39|Atherstone[B]      m.t. & pa|Warwick  |Nuneaton    6|Sheepy      3|
+   +--+----------------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|  Names of Places.          | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+----------------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+     3|Astwick                   pa|Baldock               3|   40|     97|
+     5|Astwood                   pa|Olney                 6|   51|    268|
+    24|Aswarby                   pa|Grantham             12|  110|    113|
+    24|Aswardby                  pa|Horncastle            8|  136|     80|
+    33|Atcham                    pa|Shiffnal             14|  149|    463|
+    39|Atch-Lench               ham|Pershore              7|  104|     82|
+    54|Athan, St.[A]             pa|Bridgend             10|  174|    312|
+    12|Athelampton               pa|Blandford            13|  116|     79|
+    36|Athelington, or Allington pa|Debenham              6|   88|    129|
+    34|Athelney, Isle of           |                       |     |       |
+    11|Atherington               pa|S. Molton             9|  204|    592|
+    39|Atherstone[B]      m.t. & pa|Tamworth              8|  105|   3870|
+   +--+----------------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ST. ATHAN. In this village is a castle, called East Orchard, built
+in the year 1691, by Roger Berkrols; it stands on the edge of an
+extensive flat: a luxuriant wild fig tree grows out of the cement of the
+chapel walls. Perhaps the Turkey fig tree might be propagated with more
+success, grafted upon this wildling, which probably originated in the
+cultivated fig planted in the gardens of the Norman lords. In St.
+Athan's church there are two uncommonly fine gothic monuments of the
+Berkrol's family: there are likewise in this parish the remains of two
+castles--West Orchard and Castleton; but these are not of such great
+antiquity. From this spot there is a good view of Fonmore, or Fronmon
+Castle, which is the most extensive and august of the Welch inhabited
+castles. The kitchen is said to be the largest in the kingdom. In
+Fronmon castle is an excellent portrait of Oliver Cromwell. The flat and
+steep-holms are seen from this neighbourhood: the former has its
+light-house. It is situated nearly ten miles from the sea lock of the
+canal, and three miles from the adjacent steep-holms, which is a smaller
+island than the former, though more conspicuous from its great height
+above the water; it is quite barren and uninhabited. The flat holms at
+low tide is an extensive sheet of mud, excepting one deep channel. The
+landing place is near the castle rock, a dangerous, but romantic beach,
+so called from its similarity to a castle, it is very large, and is said
+to resemble Abergavenny castle. In the centre is a bold arch, which at
+high water is covered. The hollow sound of the sea roaring through the
+arch, and the waves occasionally retreating, and then forcing their way
+back with redoubled fury, has an uncommonly fine effect. At low tide the
+shore all around the base is dry. The island is four or five miles in
+circumference; the soil is good, and would, if well cultivated, be very
+productive. From the light-house, which is 80 feet in height, is a
+delightful prospect of the Bristol Channel and the shores of Somerset
+and Glamorgan. It is the resort of many visitors in the summer season.
+
+[Sidenote: The largest inhabited castle in Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: Account of the dangerous beach.]
+
+
+[B] ATHERSTONE. This market town is supposed to have derived its name
+from "a stone" under which an "adder" of enormous size was found; it is
+situated on the Watling Street, and divided from Leicestershire by the
+river Anker, and was a place of some importance at the Conquest: at
+which time the town was given to the monks of Bee in Normandy, who
+obtained for it a market day and an annual fair, which brought it into
+consequence. A monastery of friars, (Hermits of Saint Augustine,) was
+founded at Atherstone in the year 1375. The church belonging to the
+friary was completed in the reign of Richard II. A free grammar school
+was founded here by Sir William Devereux and two other benevolent
+persons in the year 1573. The chancel of the friary church was
+appropriated to the use of this seminary, and is still dedicated to the
+same purpose. The mansion, or hall house was sometime after separated
+from the chapel, and rebuilt at a short distance upon a pleasant bank,
+commanding an extensive view over the adjacent counties of Leicester,
+Derby, and Stafford. Two nights before the battle of Bosworth Field
+(which is but nine miles distant), the Duke of Richmond lay at
+Atherstone, where he had his interview with the two Stanley's, in which
+such measures of co-operation were concerted as occasioned the overthrow
+of King Richard III., and it is said, that many persons from the
+subsequent battle were buried below this old mansion, from which the
+spot has retained the name of the bloody bank. It appears, however, to
+have been so called from being the place where contests of less serious
+results were usually decided by the young champions of the ancient
+foundation school, which is still supported by a respectable endowment.
+Atherstone Hall has recently been much improved by extended buildings
+and ornamental plantations. It is situated near Merevale Hall, the seat
+of D.S. Dugdale, Esq., and Grendon Hall, that of Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart.
+Here are manufactories of hats, ribbons, and shalloons, and considerable
+business is done at the four annual fairs; that in September being the
+most considerable in England for the sale of cheese. The passage of the
+Coventry canal, uniting with that of the Trent and Mersey, within a
+hundred yards of the town, adds very considerably to its facilities of
+trading. The poet Drayton, author of the "Polyolbion," was a native of
+Atherstone.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, April 7, for horses, cows, and sheep;
+   July 18, holyday; September 19, for horses, cows, and cheese;
+   December 4, for horses and fat cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 8.41 A.M.;
+   departs 5.36 P.M.--_Inns_, Red Lion, and Three Tuns.--_Bankers_, W.
+   and J.H. Chapman; draw upon Spooner and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: Some foreign monks obtained this market.]
+
+[Sidenote: Atherstone Hall.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.       |  County. | Number of Miles From
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    39|Atherstone-upon-Stour pa|Warwick   |Stratford   3|Shipston   9|
+    22|Atherton, or        }   |Lancaster |Newton      7|Bolton     5|
+      |Chowbents to & chap }   |          |             |            |
+    10|Atlow               chap|Derby     |Ashbourn    4|Wirksworth 6|
+    51|Atpar               m.t.|Cardigan  |Newcastle   1|Cardigan  10|
+    30|Attenborough[A]       pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  6|Derby     10|
+    24|Atterly               to|Lincoln   |Mar. Rising 9|Brigg     10|
+    45|Attercliffe           to|W.R. York |Sheffield   2|Rotherham  4|
+    23|Atterton             ham|Leicester |Atherstone  3|Hinckley   6|
+    31|Attington ex.     p. ham|Oxford    |Tetsworth   1|Thame      3|
+    27|Attleborough[B] m.t. & p|Norfolk   |Norwich    15|Buckenham  4|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.       | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    39|Atherstone-upon-Stour pa|Campden                9|   92|    87|
+    22|Atherton, or        }   |Wigan                  7|  198|  4181|
+      |Chowbents to & chap }   |                        |     |      |
+    10|Atlow               chap|Derby                 13|  139|   517|
+    51|Atpar               m.t.|Carmarthen            21|  230|      |
+    30|Attenborough[A]       pa|Loughboro'            10|  119|  1094|
+    24|Atterly               to|Gainsboro'            12|  148|   110|
+    45|Attercliffe           to|Barnsley              13|  162|  3741|
+    23|Atterton             ham|Nuneaton               5|  105|    76|
+    31|Attington ex.     p. ham|Watlington             6|   42|     7|
+    27|Attleborough[B] m.t. & p|Watton                10|   94|  1939|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] ATTENBOROUGH. This village, supposed to be the ancient Attenton,
+lies nearly on the banks of the river Trent. Its church is large, and
+also well filled: it serves for Chilwell, Toueton, and part of Bramcote.
+This place is remarkable, for having given birth to Henry Ireton, the
+regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was the eldest son of
+Gervase Ireton, Esq., and brother to Sir John Ireton, Lord Mayor of
+London in 1658. He was a gentleman commoner of Trinity College, Oxford,
+in 1629, and at the age of 19 he took one degree in Arts. Wood tells us,
+that he had the character in that college of a stubborn and saucy fellow
+towards the seniors. Afterwards he went to the Middle Temple, where he
+became grounded in the common law. When the rebellion broke out he took
+up arms against the king, was a recruiter in the long parliament, and
+about that time married Bridget, one of the daughters of Cromwell, then
+only colonel of a regiment. He became first a captain, afterwards
+colonel, and at length commissary-general, in 1645. He is said to have
+been the best prayer-maker and preacher in the whole army. He drew up
+the famous remonstrance requiring justice to be done on their sovereign.
+He sat as judge on the king's trial, and was one of the committee that
+appointed the time and place of execution. In Cromwell's expedition to
+Ireland, he was appointed second in command, with the rank of
+major-general, and was afterwards made president of Munster; being left
+as deputy by Cromwell, in 1649, he died the next year of a sudden
+disorder at Limerick. On his death, the parliament settled a pension of
+L2000. per annum on his widow and children, out of the estates of the
+Duke of Buckingham.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of the regicide, son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell.]
+
+
+[B] ATTLEBOROUGH, or ATTLEBURGH. This small market town was formerly a
+place of considerable consequence. During the Saxon era it was a post of
+strength and served as a check to the Danes in their predatory
+incursions. Its fortifications are said to have been conspicuous in the
+time of Henry II. Attleborough formerly belonged to the Mortimers; from
+them it passed to the Ratcliffe family, of whom it was purchased by Sir
+Francis Blickley, Bart., whence it came into possession of the family of
+Ash. A college, dedicated to the Holy Cross, was founded here in the
+reign of Richard II., by Sir Robert de Mortimer, for a custos and four
+fellows. The church, with the east end is entire; it is in the
+collegiate form, and consists of a large nave with aisles and a north
+and south transept; it contains the monuments of many persons of
+distinction. On a flat stone in the nave is an inscription to the memory
+of Captain John Gibbs, a celebrated horse racer and gamester, in the
+reign of Charles I. This person having laid a wager that he would drive
+his carriage and four horses up and down the steepest place of the
+Devil's Ditch, on Newmarket Heath, succeeded in winning the bet, by
+making a very light chaise, with a jointed perch, and without any pole.
+It is worthy of remark, that the first turnpike road in the kingdom, was
+made at Attleborough, by an Act passed for that purpose in 1707.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Thursday before Easter; Thursday after
+   Holy Trinity; August 15, for cattle and Toys.--_Mail_ arrives 7.27
+   A.M.; departs 6.38 P.M.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of Captain J. Gibbs.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.     | County.|  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------------+--------+--------------+--------------+
+    39|Attleborough       ham|Warwick |Nuneaton     1|Coventry     9|
+    27|Attlebridge         pa|Norfolk |Reepham      5|Aylesham     8|
+    46|Atwicke        to & pa|E.R.York|Hornsea      2|Bridlington 12|
+    24|Auborn         to & pa|Lincoln |Lincoln      8|Newark      10|
+    13|Auckland, St.}        |        |              |              |
+      |    Andrew[A]} to & pa|Durham  |Bp. Auckland 1|Darlington  11|
+    13|Auckland, St. Helen ch|Durham  | ...         3| ...        10|
+    13|Auckland, West      to|Durham  | ...         3| ...        10|
+    14|Audley End[B]      ham|Essex   |Saff. Walden 1|Newport      2|
+     7|Audlem         to & pa|Chester |Nantwich     6|Whitchurch   9|
+   +--+----------------------+--------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.     |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+--------------+
+    39|Attleborough       ham|Hinckley              5| 100|         |
+    27|Attlebridge         pa|Norwich               9| 112|      117|
+    46|Atwicke        to & pa|Beverley             13| 189|      285|
+    24|Auborn         to & pa|Navenby               6| 127|      356|
+    13|Auckland, St.}        |                       |    |         |
+      |    Andrew[A]} to & pa|Durham               11| 248|    11137|
+    13|Auckland, St. Helen ch| ...                 13| 246|      410|
+    13|Auckland, West      to| ...                 13| 246|     1106|
+    14|Audley End[B]      ham|Chesterford           4|  42|         |
+     7|Audlem         to & pa|Woore                 5| 163|     2978|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+----+---------+
+
+
+[A] ST. ANDREWS, AUCKLAND. This place is celebrated for the church
+having been made collegiate by Bishop Beck, although it is probable
+there was some foundation here before the time of that prelate. The
+edifice is situated on a rising ground, in a valley near the banks of
+the river Gaunless, and has the form of a cross with a tower at the west
+end. In the inside is a curious wooden figure, said to be an effigy of
+one of the family of Polland, which represents a knight sitting
+cross-legged and dressed in a coat of mail, with his hands raised and
+his feet resting on a lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious effigy.]
+
+
+[B] AUDLEY END is principally celebrated for its vicinity to Audley
+House, which was sold by the third Earl of Suffolk, to Charles II., for
+L50,000., the king, however, left a great part of the sum on mortgage.
+The present mansion, though a large and magnificent structure, consists
+only of a small part of the original building, owing to its curtailment
+at various times. When in its perfect state, it was esteemed one of the
+most splendid and capacious mansions in the country; and, if not
+superior, was nearly equal to the palaces of Hampton Court, Nonsuch, and
+Richmond. At the time when it was first built, large, rather than
+comfortable or handsome houses were fashionable. Influenced by these
+sentiments, Thomas Howard, the first Earl of Suffolk, (as Walpole
+observes,) determined to have "an immense pile of building," and
+L190,000. was expended upon its erection. It is said that, when the
+house was finished, King James was invited to see it. Having surveyed
+the structure with great astonishment, the earl asked him "how he liked
+it?" "Very well," replied James, "but troth man," continued he
+sarcastically, "it is too much for a king, but it may do for a Lord High
+Treasurer." An elegant domestic chapel, constructed by the late Lord
+Howard, occupies the north west corner of the house. It is fitted up
+with clustered columns, pointed arches, and fan like tracery; and, in
+imitation of a cathedral, it has a nave, side-aisles and transepts. The
+windows are filled with painted glass, by Pickett of York, who executed
+them in 1771, from Biaggio Rebecca's designs.
+
+   _Fair_, August 5, for cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of James I.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County.  |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    35|Audley          to & pa|Stafford  |Newcastle  4|Leek        14|
+    22|Aughton            chap|Lancaster |Lancaster  7|K. Lonsdale  8|
+    22|Aughton              pa|Lancaster |Ormskirk   2|Liverpool   10|
+    46|Aughton[A]      to & pa|E.R. York |Howden     7|Selby        7|
+    45|Aughton              to|W.R. York |Rotherham  5|Sheffield    7|
+    24|Aukborough[B]        pa|Lincoln   |Barton    10|Burton       3|
+    30|Aukley               to|Nottingham|Bawtry     5|Gainsboro'  13|
+    10|Ault-Hucknall        pa|Derby     |Mansfield  6|Chesterfield 7|
+    24|Aunsby               pa|Lincoln   |Folkingham 6|Sleaford     6|
+    15|Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]}|          |            |              |
+      |            ti. & chap}|Gloucester|Thornbury  4|Bristol     11|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    35|Audley          to & pa|Congleton             9|  154|    3617|
+    22|Aughton            chap|Burton                7|  217|     199|
+    22|Aughton              pa|Prescott             10|  208|    1462|
+    46|Aughton[A]      to & pa|York                 11|  189|     665|
+    45|Aughton              to|Tickhill             11|  156|        |
+    24|Aukborough[B]        pa|Howden               10|  172|     467|
+    30|Aukley               to|Doncaster             6|  158|     297|
+    10|Ault-Hucknall        pa|Bolsover              4|  144|     618|
+    24|Aunsby               pa|Grantham              9|  112|     117|
+    15|Aust, or Aust-Clive[C]}|                       |     |        |
+      |            ti. & chap}|Chepstow              5|  123|     203|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AUGHTON. This village is chiefly distinguished for having been the
+seat of an ancient and respectable family long since extinct, or
+dispersed. The Askes, who succeeded the family of Hai, resided here from
+about the year 1365, till the reign of Charles I., when the head of the
+family was one of the judges of that unfortunate monarch. Of this
+family, also, was Sir Robert Aske, a man of daring and enthusiastic
+courage, possessing considerable talents, who headed the insurrection
+called "the Pilgrimage of Grace," in the days of Henry VIII. Of the
+family seat, nothing remains but the site, marked by several moats.
+
+[Sidenote: Once the seat of Sir Robert Aske.]
+
+
+[B] AUKBOROUGH. Dr. Stukely having discovered a Roman castrum and a
+vicinal road here, supposed it to be the Aquis of Ravennas. The Roman
+station is square, each side 300 feet; the entrance is at the north, and
+the west side faces the steep cliff that over-hangs the Trent. The
+situation of this castle at the north-west angle of Lincolnshire,
+renders it a kind of watch tower over Nottingham and Yorkshire, which it
+surveys. The camp is now called "Countess Close," and tradition speaks
+of a Countess of Warwick having resided here. The vallum and ditch are
+nearly entire; a square plat called the "Oreen," is supposed to have
+been appropriated for the soldiers when on duty. Within this is a round
+walk into a labyrinth, called Julian's Bower; these bowers are usually
+found in the neighbourhood of Roman towns, and are objects of great
+curiosity to uninformed people. Dr. Stukeley is of opinion that they
+were the arena of some of their ancient games, brought into Italy from
+Troy, and that they derived their name from "borough," any work
+consisting of ramparts of earth, and not from "bower" an arbour. The
+views in this neighbourhood are very beautiful; the winding Trent with
+its rich level plains of meadow, all alive with herds of cattle; the
+cliff, commanding a noble view of the three rivers; the hanging woods
+and ornamented walks, all form a great contrast to what Lincolnshire is
+often represented by those who have visited only the fenny parts of this
+fertile county.
+
+[Sidenote: Julian's bower.]
+
+
+[C] AUST, or AUST CLIVE. Here is a celebrated ferry over the Severn into
+South Wales. The Propraetor, Ostorius Scapula, was accustomed to ferry
+his legions over near this place. In the time of Edward the Elder, who
+was lying here with his army, Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, was stationed
+at Beachley, on the opposite bank. Llewellyn, who was required to pay
+homage to the English Sovereign, refused to cross the passage; but
+Edward immediately crossing in a boat, was seen, as he approached the
+shore by Llewellyn, who, overcome by the condescension, rushed into the
+water, and taking the monarch upon his shoulders, carried him to land,
+and did him homage for the principality. The Severn is here nearly two
+miles across.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated passage into South Wales.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. | County.  |      Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+     8|Austell, or St.      }|          |           |             |
+      | Austle[A]  m.t. & pa}|Cornwall  |Truro    14|Lostwithiel 9|
+    45|Austerfield  to & chap|W.R. York |Bawtry    2|Thorne     11|
+     7|Austerson           to|Chester   |Northwich 4|Frodsham    6|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+     8|Austell, or St.      }|                      |     |       |
+      | Austle[A]  m.t. & pa}|Grampound            6|  243|   8758|
+    45|Austerfield  to & chap|Doncaster            9|  155|    280|
+     7|Austerson           to|Tarporley           10|  177|     69|
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] ST. AUSTELL is a considerable market town, which belongs to the
+north-eastern division of the county, and is one of the polling places.
+The petty sessions of the hundred of Powder are held here. Considerable
+quantities of corn and other articles are brought to the market. The
+town is seated on the eastern side of a hill which slopes gradually to a
+rivulet which runs along a narrow valley; this stream, and the
+inequality of the ground, have been rendered eminently useful to the
+manufactories of the neighbourhood. The water which has been conducted
+round the side of the hills, in its course impels the machinery of
+several stamping-mills, which have been erected on different levels. It
+is also employed to cleanse and separate the tin from the pounded mass.
+Through its vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth, St. Austell has
+within the last sixty or seventy years, considerably increased in the
+number of its houses and inhabitants. The holding of the Blackmore Court
+here, which is the most considerable of the stannary courts, or courts
+relating to the tin works, have also contributed to augment its
+prosperity. The old town, or rather village, was at some little distance
+to the east, and its site is still marked by a few cottages; the present
+town is the regular thoroughfare for travellers from Plymouth to
+Falmouth; the streets are very narrow, and not having any pavement for
+foot passengers are somewhat unsafe. The only blowing houses in the
+county are at the east end of this town; they are three in number, and
+very spacious; the old smelting houses are supplied with coals, and are
+reverberatory; but in these blowing houses the fire is of charcoal, and
+ignited by air impelled through tubes by cylinders instead of bellows;
+this mode of fluxing the ore is considered by the workmen far preferable
+to the other. The inhabitants of this town, from its proximity to the
+sea, are principally employed in the pilchard fishery and in mining;
+there is however a small manufactory of serges. The parish church is a
+fine old fabric, consisting of three aisles; the tower and some other
+parts of the structure are fancifully ornamented; various carvings,
+monstrous heads, angels, and other figures appear on the cornices. From
+the repetition of the shovel, pick, hammers, and other tools, it seems
+probable that the miners were the principle contributors towards the
+expences of the building. In the year 1774, as some tinners were
+searching for tin in a stream work near the town, about seventeen feet
+under the surface of the ground, they discovered a silver cup, which is
+now used for wine at the Communion table, in which were several ancient
+pieces of gold and silver ornaments; they consisted of bracelets, rings,
+and buckles, evidently for a person of high rank, with many of the most
+curious Saxon coins ever discovered at one time. All these articles fell
+out on moving the ground, and some were probably lost in shovelling out
+the rubbish; those which were picked up were dispersed about the
+country, and many of them broken. The celebrated Pentuan stone quarry,
+from which the materials of many churches and family seats have been
+taken, is in this parish. Polgooth mine (before mentioned) was
+considered the richest ever worked in England, and is situated about two
+miles south-west of the town. The surrounding country appears for many
+miles bleak, desolate, and barren, yet its bowels contain vast
+treasures; though, as a talented author has observed, "like the shabby
+mien of a miser, its aspect does not correspond with its hoards." The
+shafts by which the miners descend, and through which the ore is raised
+to the surface, are scattered over a considerable extent of sterile
+ground, whose dreary appearance, and the sallow countenances of the
+miners, concur to excite ideas of gloom, apprehension, and melancholy.
+The number of shafts is not less than fifty, from twenty to thirty of
+which are constantly in use. When a stranger is induced to descend, he
+is previously accoutred in a flannel shirt and trowsers, a close cap, an
+old hat to shelter his face from droppings, and a thick pair of shoes. A
+lighted candle is put into one hand, and a spare one suspended to a
+button of his jacket. Every part of the ordinary clothing is laid aside,
+and the flannel dress worn close to the skin, in order to absorb the
+profuse perspiration which the closeness of the mine or the labour of
+mounting the ladders may occasion.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, Whit Thursday, and Nov. 30, for oxen,
+   sheep, and cloth.--_Mail_ arrives 12.35 afternoon; departs 10.27.
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Blackmore Court held here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Silver cup found 17 ft. under ground.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County.  |      Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    45|Austhorpe[A]         to|W.R. York |Leeds        4|Wetherby   10|
+     9|Austhwaite          ham|Cumberland|Ravenglass  11|Ulverston  10|
+    45|Austonley            to|W.R. York |Huddersfield 8|Barnsley    9|
+    39|Austrey              pa|Warwick   |Tamworth     6|Atherstone  7|
+    45|Austwick             to|W.R. York |Settle       5|Ingleton    9|
+    24|Authorpe             pa|Lincoln   |Alford       4|Louth       7|
+    41|Avebury, or Abury[B] pa|Wilts     |Marlborough  7|Swindon    11|
+    14|Aveley               pa|Essex     |Purfleet     2|G. Thurrock 4|
+    17|Avenbury             pa|Hereford  |Bromyard     2|Ledbury    13|
+    15|Avening              pa|Gloucester|Tetbury      4|M. Hampton  5|
+    30|Averham[C]           pa|Nottingham|Newark       3|Southwell   5|
+    11|Aveton-Gifford       pa|Devon     |Modbury      3|Dartmouth  13|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+    45|Austhorpe[A]         to|Abberford               5|  189|    150|
+     9|Austhwaite          ham|Bootle                  7|  283|    101|
+    45|Austonley            to|Wakefield              11|  181|   1420|
+    39|Austrey              pa|Orton                   2|  112|    540|
+    45|Austwick             to|Hawes                  20|  241|    614|
+    24|Authorpe             pa|Horncastle             13|  144|    121|
+    41|Avebury, or Abury[B] pa|Calne                   6|   82|    747|
+    14|Aveley               pa|Wennington              4|   21|    758|
+    17|Avenbury             pa|Hereford               15|  125|    314|
+    15|Avening              pa|Horseley                3|   99|   2396|
+    30|Averham[C]           pa|Tuxford                13|  127|    182|
+    11|Aveton-Gifford       pa|Kingsbridge             5|  208|    939|
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+[A] AUSTHORPE. This township gave birth to the celebrated civil engineer
+John Smeaton, distinguished as the architect of Eddystone Light-house,
+and, as the conductor of various other important undertakings. He was
+the son of an attorney, who, observing that he had a strong taste for
+mechanics, wisely allowed him to follow the impulse of his genius, and
+become a mathematical instrument maker. He commenced business in that
+capacity, in Holborn, London, in 1750. His great undertaking--the
+erection of the light-house on the Eddystone rock, was accomplished in
+the year 1759, and it was executed in such a manner as almost to bid
+defiance to the power of time or accident. His death took place in his
+native village, September 8, 1792.--See Eddystone Light-house.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of Smeaton the architect.]
+
+
+[B] AVEBURY or ABURY, is situated within the very area of a British
+temple, and claims the particular attention of the topographer and
+antiquary. The enclosure, which is formed by a wide and deep ditch, and
+a lofty external vallum, contains many large stones, some of which are
+erect, and the others lying on the ground. Southward of this place, at
+some distance, are other large stones, erect or prostrate; and,
+westward, are two others, erect. Several walls and houses of the village
+are constructed with broken masses of these ponderous monuments; yet
+enough remains to excite curiosity and prompt research. The following is
+a description of this great temple, in its original state:--Immediately
+within the ditch, and encompassing the whole area, was a continued
+series of large upright stones, consisting of one hundred in number;
+these stones were placed at the distance of twenty-seven feet from each
+other, and usually measured from fifteen to seventeen feet in height,
+and about forty feet in circumference. Within the area of this circle,
+the diameter of which was about 1400 feet, were two double circles; the
+exterior circles were about 466 feet in diameter, and formed by thirty
+stones of similar dimensions equally distant from each other, as in the
+large enclosing circle. Of these singular stones there are but few
+remaining; but from the extraordinary dimension of these relics of
+antiquity, the traveller may judge for himself the correctness of our
+notice.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Beckhampton Inn, (1 mile distant,) at 5.20 morning;
+   departs 9.45 night.
+
+[Sidenote: A British temple formed of enormous stones.]
+
+
+[C] AVERHAM. This place is principally remarkable for a monument
+contained in the church erected to the memory of Sir William Sutton,
+once lord of the manor, on which it is quaintly recorded that he had
+sixteen children, and an equal number of each sex; of whom the one half
+
+   "Ushered to heaven their father, and the other
+   Remained behind him to attend their mother."
+
+      |                        |          |
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | County.  |     Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+     4|Avington[A]           pa|Berks     |Hungerford  3|Newbury      6|
+    18|Avington[B]           pa|Hants     |Winchester  5|Alresford    4|
+    41|Avon                chap|Wilts     |Chippenham  3|Malmsbury    9|
+    39|Avon Dassett          pa|Warwick   |Banbury     6|Kineton      6|
+    11|Awliscombe            pa|Devon     |Honiton     2|Ottery St.M. 6|
+    16|Awre                  pa|Gloucester|Blakeney    3|Berkeley     3|
+    34|Axbridge[C] bo. m.t. & p|Somerset  |Wells      10|Chedder      2|
+    41|Axford                ti|Wilts     |Marlborough 3|Ramsbury     4|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+      |                        |                        |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.     |  Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+     4|Avington[A]           pa|Kintbury               2|   62|     191|
+    18|Avington[B]           pa|Basingstoke           14|   60|      26|
+    41|Avon                chap|Calne                  7|   94|     226|
+    39|Avon Dassett          pa|Southam                9|   75|        |
+    11|Awliscombe            pa|Collumpton            10|  154|     598|
+    16|Awre                  pa|Newnham                4|  124|    1309|
+    34|Axbridge[C] bo. m.t. & p|Bristol               18|  130|     998|
+    41|Axford                ti|Albourne               5|   73|     450|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AVINGTON. Sir Francis Burdett is lord of this manor, and patron of
+the rectory. The church, which remains nearly in its original state,
+exhibits a curious specimen of Saxon architecture. Within the walls it
+measures 75 feet by 14 feet and a half. The nave is separated from the
+chancel by an arch richly ornamented by a zig-zag moulding, and a great
+variety of grotesque heads springing from two enriched piers; the arch
+is formed of the segments of two circles, each having different centres.
+In this church there is also a very singular font, of rude workmanship,
+surrounded with grotesque figures, executed in bass-relief; that is to
+say, sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out from the ground in
+their full proportion.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Francis Burdett.]
+
+
+[B] AVINGTON, anciently Abyngton, is remarkable for its beautiful park,
+the seat of Chandos Grenville, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant of
+the county of Bucks. The manor was originally a royal demesne, or estate
+in lands, and was given by king Edgar to the monastery of St. Swithin at
+Winchester, in the year 961; it continued in the possession of that
+house until the dissolution of monasteries, when it became the property
+of the clerks of Mitcheldever, (a village about five miles distant,)
+with whom it remained until the reign of Elizabeth; and then passed to
+the Bruges, or Brydges family, afterwards raised to the dukedom of
+Chandos. Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of Shrewsbury,
+married one of this family; her former husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury,
+died from a wound received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during
+the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to hold the horse of
+her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles the Second was frequently the
+guest of this notorious woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus
+became the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures. The mansion,
+which is mostly built of brick, has been greatly improved since it came
+into the possession of the present proprietor. It is situated in a well
+planted and secluded valley, nearly environed with high downs, which
+from their bare and open state, form a singular though not unpleasing
+contrast with the scenery immediately contiguous to the house. Several
+of the apartments are fitted up with great elegance, and enriched by a
+choice collection of valuable paintings.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Buckingham.]
+
+[Sidenote: A seat of one of the paramours of Charles II.]
+
+
+[C] AXBRIDGE. This town is one of the polling places for the eastern
+division of the county of Somerset, but the court for the election of
+the Knights of the Shire is at Wells. The borough sent members to
+parliament during the reigns of the three first Edwards, but was
+afterwards excused on the plea of poverty. It consists chiefly of one
+street, winding from east to west, about half a mile in length. The
+shambles and market are towards the east end. Although so small, it is
+governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, bailiff, and ten
+aldermen, and twenty-two burgesses, with a recorder, town-clerk, and
+other officers. Knit hose are manufactured in this town. The church,
+occupying an eminence, near the market-house, is a large and handsome
+gothic structure, in the form of a cross. The cloth of the communion
+table is elegantly wrought in silk, by Mrs. Abigail, who employed seven
+years in completing it. This lady, and several of her family, have
+monuments in the church.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Feb 23, and March 25, for cattle,
+   sheep, cheese, and toys.--_Mail_ arrives 2.0 afternoon; departs 11.0
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: A borough excused on a plea of poverty.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. | County.  |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+    11|Axminster[A] m.t.|Devon     |Bridport     12|Honiton   10|
+    11|Axmouth        pa|Devon     |Colyton       3|Sidmouth   9|
+    13|Aycliffe-Great}  |Durham    |Darlington    5|Sedgfield  7|
+      |        to & p}  |          |               |            |
+    29|Aydon          to|Northumb  |Hexham        6|Corbridge  2|
+    29|Aydon-Castle   to|Northumb  |              6|           2|
+    15|Aylburton    chap|Gloucester|Blakeney      5|Coleford   7|
+    11|Aylesbear to&  pa|Devon     |Ottery, St.M. 5|Exeter    10|
+     5|Aylesbury[B] bo.}|Bucks     |Tring         7|Winslow   11|
+      |       m.t. & pa}|          |               |            |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. |  Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+    11|Axminster[A]  m.t.|Lyme Regis              6|  147|  2719|
+    11|Axmouth         pa|  "    "                6|  153|   646|
+    13|Aycliffe-Great}   |Durham                 13|  246|  1564|
+      |         to & p}  |                         |     |      |
+    29|Aydon           to|Newcastle              15|  277|    99|
+    29|Aydon-Castle    to|                       15|  277|    29|
+    15|Aylburton     chap|Chepstow                8|  120|   388|
+    11|Aylesbear to &  pa|Sidmouth                8|  166|  1025|
+     5|Aylesbury[B]  bo.}|Wendover                5|   38|  4907|
+      |        m.t. & pa}|                         |     |      |
+   +--+-----------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] AXMINSTER is very irregularly built, and the houses are inelegant,
+but the air of the town is reckoned highly salubrious. The petty
+sessions of the hundred of Axminster are held here. The lower orders are
+mostly employed in manufacturing carpets, leather breeches, gloves, &c.
+The manner of weaving carpets here is different from that pursued at
+most other places; the carpets being woven in the piece, and several
+hands employed at the same loom. The common patterns are flowers, roses,
+&c., though the Turkey and Persian carpets have been imitated with
+success. In many large pieces Roman tesselated pavements have been
+copied, which have produced a very rich effect. The tunnel between
+Charmouth and was opened in the month of January, 1832. This improvement
+is substantially constructed with an elliptic arch, capable of allowing
+two stage waggons of the largest size to pass on it, and is rather more
+than seventy yards in length. By the completion of this tunnel the
+longest and steepest hill between London and Exeter is avoided. A
+gentleman who visited the tunnel during the height of the ensuing
+summer, remarked the astonishing coolness which he felt within this
+hill's enclosed semi-cylinder; no sooner, however, had he left it, than
+he fainted from the difference of temperature between this subterraneous
+passage and that of the open air.
+
+   _Market_. Saturday--_Fairs_, St. Marks Day; April 30; Wednesday after
+   June 24; Wednesday after Oct 10.--_Mail_ arrives 1.20 afternoon;
+   departs 12.51 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Trade.]
+
+[Sidenote: A remarkable tunnel through a lofty hill.]
+
+
+[B] AYLESBURY. The AEglesbury of the Saxons, is a considerable market
+town, situated near the centre of the county, rising gradually on all
+sides in a rich and extensive tract, denominating the "Vale of
+Aylesbury." Drayton in his Poly-Albion has the following lines
+descriptive of this celebrated vale:--
+
+   Aylesbury's vale that walloweth in her wealth,
+   And (by her wholesome air continually in health)
+   Is lusty, firm, and fat; and holds her youthful strength.
+
+This was originally a strong British town, which maintained its
+independence till the year 571, when it was reduced by the West Saxons.
+In the year 600, it became famous as the burial place of St. Osyth, who
+was born at Quarrendon, two miles distance, and beheaded in Essex by the
+Pagans. Her relics were interred in this church, and are said to have
+performed many miracles; a religious house was founded in honour of
+William the Conqueror, who parcelled it out under the singular
+tenure:--that the tenants should find litter or straw for the king's
+bedchamber three times a year, if he came that way so often, and provide
+him with three eels in winter, and three green geese in summer. In the
+reign of Henry VIII., the manor was sold by Thomas Boleyn, Earl of
+Wilts, father of Queen Anne Boleyn, to Sir John Baldwin, whose daughter
+took it in marriage to Robert Pakington, who was murdered in the year
+1537, on account of his zeal for the reformed religion. It continued in
+this family till the year 1801, when it was sold by Sir John Pakington,
+Bart., to the Marquis of Buckingham. How completely the manor and the
+town itself were in the possession of the Pakington family, will appear
+from the following remarkable letter preserved in the Chapel of the
+Rolls, among the returns of Parliament writs of the fourteenth of Queen
+Elizabeth:--"To all Christian people, to whom this present writing shall
+come: I, Dorothy Pakington, late wife of Sir John Pakington, lord and
+owner of the town of Aylesbury, send greeting. Know ye me, the said
+Dorothy Pakington, to have chosen, named, and appointed my trusty and
+well-beloved Thomas Litchfield, and George Burden, Esqrs., to be my
+burgesses of my said town of Aylesbury; and whatever the said Thomas and
+George, burgesses, shall do in the service of the Queen's Highness in
+the Parliament to be holden at Westminster on the 8th of May next
+ensuing the date hereof, I the same Dorothy Pakington do ratify and
+approve to be of my own act as fully and wholly as if I were witness or
+present there. In witness whereof, to these presents, I have set my
+seal, this 4th day of May, in the 14th year of the reign of my Sovereign
+Lady Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland,
+Queen, &c." Aylesbury was made a borough town by a charter of Queen
+Mary, in 1554. The Reform Bill has made no alteration in the number of
+members. The electors are those of the old constituency, consisting of
+freeholders of the hundred, and house-keepers not receiving alms; the
+freeholders of the hundred are estimated at 838; and the ten pound
+householders at 314; total 1152. The limits of the borough are
+unaltered, and the returning officers are the constables of the borough.
+The town is also one of the polling places for this county, which now
+returns three members. The county gaol is still at Aylesbury, but the
+Summer Assizes were restored to Buckingham, through the exertions of
+Lord Cobham and the Grenville family in the year 1758. The only
+manufacture at Aylesbury is that of lace-making: the weekly market is a
+very plentiful one for provision, and much business is done here at the
+annual fairs.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday--_Fairs_, Friday after Jan. 18; Saturday before
+   Palm Sunday; May 8; June 14; September 25; October 12, for cattle.
+   _Bankers_, Rickford and Son, draw on Praed's and Co--_Mail_ arrives
+   12.40 morning; departs 2.19 morning.--_Inns_, George, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: St. Osyth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular tenure of this manor.]
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable Parliamentary writ.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.  | County. |    Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+    24|Aylesby         pa|Lincoln  |G. Grimsby 4|Barton      17|
+    21|Aylesford[A]    pa|Kent     |Maidstone  4|Rochester    5|
+    23|Aylestone  to & pa|Leicester|Leicester  3|Lutterworth 10|
+    27|Aylmerton       pa|Norfolk  |Cromer     3|Holt         9|
+   +--+------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    24|Aylesby         pa|Caistor              9|  166|     144|
+    21|Aylesford[A]    pa|Wrotham              8|   32|    1301|
+    23|Aylestone  to & pa|Hinckley            10|   96|     758|
+    27|Aylmerton       pa|Aylsham              2|  125|     284|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] AYLESFORD is seated on the banks of the Medway, by which the parish
+is divided. The church is so singularly situated, from being placed on a
+rising ground, that persons in the churchyard can almost look down the
+chimnies of the houses. The neighbourhood is famed as having been the
+spot where, we are told by ancient historians, a sanguinary battle was
+fought in 445, between the Britons and Saxons; the conflict having taken
+place about five years after the first landing of the latter in Britain.
+It appears from our chronicles that Vortimer, then monarch of this
+island, having first defeated his enemies on the banks of the Darent, in
+Kent, pursued their routed forces to Aylesford; at which place the
+Saxons had passed to the eastern side of the Medway, where a most
+obstinate and bloody battle took place between the contending armies,
+when the fate of the day, having long remained undecided, at length
+terminated favourably for the Britons. In that decisive affair, Horsa,
+brother of Hengist, the Saxon chief, and Catigrinus, brother to King
+Vortimer, are said to have contended hand to hand, when both died
+bravely upon the spot. Horsa, | if tradition may be credited, was
+interred about three miles north of Aylesford, at a spot still bearing
+the name of Horsted; that is to say, "the place of Horsa;" where, in the
+adjoining fields, large stones are still dispersed over the soil; some
+in erect positions, while others, from lapse of time, have been thrown
+down; being, there is little doubt, placed there as memorials of the
+Saxon warriors slain in that famous encounter. Prince Cartigrinus is
+supposed to have been inhumed still nearer the field of slaughter, on
+the summit of an acclivity, about one mile north of Aylesford, and a
+quarter of a mile west from the high road leading from Rochester to
+Maidstone; at which place, Kitt's Cotty House still stands, as
+represented in our engraving. This memorial consists of four large
+stones, of the pebble kind, two placed in the ground, being partly
+upright, forming two sides, a third standing in the middle between them,
+while the fourth, being the largest, is laid transversely over them,
+thus forming a covering. None of these stones bear the imprint of the
+chisel, or any sign whatsoever of manual labour. Alfred and Edmund
+Ironside defeated the Danes in this vicinity. Sir Charles Sedley, of
+poetical and dissolute notoriety, was a native of this place; as was
+also Sir Paul Rycaut, the celebrated eastern traveller.
+
+[Sidenote: The site of a Saxon battle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Kitt's Cotty House.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County. |    Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    27|Aylsham[A]    m.t. & pa|Norfolk  |Norwich    12|Cromer    11|
+    17|Aylton               pa|Hereford |Ledbury     4|Ross      11|
+    17|Aymestery       to & pa|Hereford |Leominster  9|Kington   11|
+    28|Aynho[B]             pa|Northamp |Brackley    6|Banbury    7|
+    18|Ayott, St. Lawrence  pa|Herts    |Welwyn      3|Luton      7|
+    18|Ayott, St. Peter     pa|Herts    |            2|Hatfield   5|
+    43|Aysgarth        to & pa|N.R. York|Middleham   9|Askrigg    4|
+    32|Ayston               pa|Rutland  |Uppingham   1|Okeham     6|
+    43|Ayton East      to & pa|N.R. York|Scarborough 4|N. Malton 16|
+    43|Ayton West           to|N.R. York|            5|          16|
+    43|Ayton Great     to & pa|N.R. York|Stokesley   4|Guisboro'  5|
+    43|Ayton Little    to & pa|N.R. York|            4|           5|
+    45|Azerley, or Cozenley to|W.R. York|Ripon       5|Masham     5|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    27|Aylsham[A]    m.t. & pa|Reepham               7|  118|  2334|
+    17|Aylton               pa|Hereford             11|  124|   126|
+    17|Aymestery       to & pa|Ludlow               11|  146|  1006|
+    28|Aynho[B]             pa|Buckingham           11|   63|   664|
+    18|Ayott, St. Lawrence  pa|St. Albans            7|   28|   134|
+    18|Ayott, St. Peter     pa|                      7|   25|   271|
+    43|Aysgarth        to & pa|Reeth                 7|  241|  5796|
+    32|Ayston               pa|Rockingham            6|   90|   101|
+    43|Ayton East      to & pa|Whitby               20|  217|   360|
+    43|Ayton West           to|                     20|  217|   256|
+    43|Ayton Great     to & pa|Stockton             10|  240|  1105|
+    43|Ayton Little    to & pa|                     10|  240|    68|
+    45|Azerley, or Cozenley to|Bedale               11|  217|   579|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] AYLSHAM is situated on the southern side of the river Brue, which is
+navigable hence to Yarmouth, for barges of about 13 tons burthen.
+Aylsham during the reigns of Edward II. and III., was the chief town in
+this part of the kingdom for the linen manufacture; but in succeeding
+reigns, that business was superseded by the woollen manufacture; and in
+the time of James I., the inhabitants were principally employed in
+knitting worsted stockings, breeches, and waistcoat pieces. Since the
+introduction of frame knitting, that trade has also been lost; the town
+is governed by a bailiff. Aylsham church is said to have been erected by
+John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the court of which duchy was at one
+period held here. There is a spa in the neighbourhood, the water of
+which has obtained considerable reputation for its medicinal properties
+in chronic disorders.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, March 23; last Tuesday in September for
+   lean cattle, ordinary horses, and pedlary; and October 6, for
+   cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 12.30 afternoon; departs 2.0
+   afternoon.--_Bankers_, Copeman and Co., draw upon Hankey and Co.
+
+[Sidenote: Trade.]
+
+
+[B] AYNHO is a large and respectable village seated on a rock, below
+which issues a powerful spring of water, called the Town Well, which
+after running through the vale below, contributes to the supply of the
+Charwell. The church contains numerous monuments, several of which
+belong to the Cartwright family, who have long been in possession of the
+manor, and whose descendant R.W. Cartwright, Esq., has a handsome seat,
+the interior of which is adorned with a fine collection of paintings. An
+hospital was founded here for poor and sick travellers. The building is
+still standing, but is now occupied as a private house.
+
+[Sidenote: Town Well.]
+
+
+       RIVERS.
+   +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+        Name.        |    Rises.      |        Falls.
+   +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+     Aire[A]         |  Yorkshire     |  Ouse.
+     Alan            |  Cornwall      |  St. George's Channel.
+     Ald             |  Suffolk       |  Sea near Aldborough.
+     Alder           |  Sussex        |  Sea at Shoreham
+     Allen           |  Dorsetshire   |  Stour
+     Allen           |  Flintshire    |
+     Allow, East     |  Durham        |  Tyne.
+     Allow, West     |  Northum       |  Tyne.
+     Allow, West     |  Anglesea      |  Irish Sea
+     Alne[B]         |  Northumb      |  Tyne.
+     Alt             |  Lancashire    |  Irish Sea
+     Amond           |  Caermar       |  Lougher
+     Ancholme[C]     |  Lincolnshire  |  Humber.
+     Ande            |  Hants         |
+     Angel           |  Montgom       |  Dovey.
+     Ankham          |  Lincolnshire  |  Humber.
+     Anker           |  Leicestersh   |  Tame.
+     Annisor         |  Pembrokesh    |  Irish Sea
+     Arrow           |  Herefordsh    |  Lug
+     Arrow           |  Worcestersh   |  Avon.
+     Arth            |  Cardigansh    |  Irish Sea.
+     Artro           |  Merionethsh   |  Landeber.
+     Arun            |  Sussex        |  Sea.
+     Astery          |  Sussex        |  Sea.
+     Atree           |  Cornwall      |  Tamer.
+     Aune            |  Devonshire    |  Sea.
+     Avon Upper[D]   |  Northamp      |  Severn.
+     Avon Lower[E]   |  Wiltshire     |  English Channel.
+     Avon            |  Glamorgansh   |  Severn.
+     Avon, West      |  Goucestersh   |  Severn.
+     Avon            |  Monmouthsh    |  Uske.
+     Avon            |  Merionethsh   |  Irish Sea.
+     Axe             |  Dorsetshire   |  British Channel.
+     Axe             |  Somersetsh    |  Severn.
+     Ayron           |  Cardigansh    |  Irish Sea.
+   +-----------------+----------------+------------------------+
+
+
+[A] AIRE, (The) rises from a small lake on the moors of Yorkshire,
+north-east from Settle, descending through Aire-dale and Craven in its
+course to the south-east, which it pursues as far as Leeds, where,
+turning eastward, and meeting the Calder, it passes under Ferrybridge,
+flowing through the flattest portion of Yorkshire; and receiving the
+Don, a little north of Snaith, it unites with the Ouse above Booth
+Ferry, near Howden. This river is of greater extent than the Calder, and
+much its superior in navigation, being also joined by numerous canals
+from the west. Its origin is almost mountainous, in the midst of the
+wildest moors; and Aire-dale retains much of the same characteristic
+features of that line of country. The district of Craven is singularly
+romantic, being a rich vale, bounded by high hills, with the town of
+Skipton in its centre; below which it forms a beautiful valley to
+Keighley, full of trade and population; the Aire passes the picturesque
+ruin of Kirkstall Abbey, in its way to Leeds, the manufactories and
+villas of which flourishing place, and its vicinity, encompass its
+banks; after which it divides one of the richest plains in the kingdom
+to Ferrybridge, not far from the eminence where the town of Pontefract
+appears a conspicuous object, with its ruined castle and ancient church.
+Afterwards the Aire can boast little of beauty, as it advances through a
+level district to join the Ouse.
+
+[Sidenote: Booth Ferry.]
+
+[Sidenote: Kirkstall Abbey.]
+
+
+[B] ALNE, (The) is a small river which rises on the border of
+Roxburgshire, but within the limits of Northumberland, and a little
+north of the source of the Coquet. The great and attractive objects
+which grace its borders are placed in the far-extended territory of the
+Duke of Northumberland, at the entrance to which the lofty building,
+called Brisley Tower, thickly environed by plantations, overlooks all
+the wild country of Northumberland, including the bold range of
+Cheviot-hills on the north-west, close to the Scottish border. The Alne
+then enters a charming valley, beneath the ivied walls of Hulne Abbey,
+winding delightfully between lawns, woods, and groupes of trees and
+cottages, admirably disposed. From these monastic and rustic recesses,
+the river emerges into a spacious park, widened considerably by art, and
+gliding through the arches of a fine Castellan bridge, is proudly
+overlooked by the numerous towers, and lofty citadel of Alnwick Castle,
+the superb seat of the Northumberland family.
+
+[Sidenote: Brisley Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alnwick Castle.]
+
+
+[C] ANCHOLME. This small river, rising in the wolds of Lincolnshire, not
+far from Market Raisin, is navigable from Glandford Bridge to the
+Humber, and in its course intersecting the extensive tract of the Wolds,
+which stretches out from Lincoln northward to Barton, and forms a ridge
+across some intermediate valleys, terminates in the fens near Spilsby
+Louth. Brocklesby Park, in the extensive domains of Lord Yarborough,
+occupies the centre of this district, on the highest point of which his
+lordship has built a superb chapel and mausoleum, in a very excellent
+Grecian taste, adorned with appropriate statues and marbles, from Italy.
+This building, from its position, commands the whole surrounding
+country, with the port of Hull, across the Humber; forming also a
+sea-mark, and an interesting object, admirable for the elegance of its
+design and execution. Thornton College is a curious remnant of antiquity
+in this neighbourhood, founded in the reign of King Stephen; great part
+of which is yet preserved, with some modern additions.
+
+
+[D] AVON, (The Upper) rising in Northamptonshire, on the borders of
+Leicestershire, adds great beauty to the delightful territory of Warwick
+Castle, as it flows beneath the cliff on which those lofty towers
+projecting before the town and church are situated. It then glides
+through a charming country to Stratford-on-Avon, celebrated as the
+birth-place of Shakspeare, and where the remains of the immortal bard
+are deposited. From thence it traverses the great level of
+Worcestershire by Evesham, having received the lesser Stour at
+Stratford, and turning to the South at Pershore, meets the Severn at the
+flourishing town of Tewksbury.
+
+[Sidenote: Warwick Castle.]
+
+
+[E] AVON (The Lower) rises in the hilly district of North Wiltshire,
+bordering on Gloucestershire, not far from Wootton Basset; its source is
+near that of the great river Thames, and both are said to have their
+origin from various springs, not accurately defined. Emerging from the
+hills, it makes a compass to fall into the vale leading from Christian
+Malford to Chippenham, advancing through the cloathing district of
+Wiltshire, bordering upon that of Somersetshire, and for a considerable
+extent divides those counties. Its course is at first southward, making
+a long compass by the west towards the north, and then to the west; at
+last, encircling the city of Bath on two sides, from whence it pursues
+nearly the same direction, with frequent meanders to Bristol. It then
+inclines to the north-west, as it conveys the abundant trade of that
+opulent city to the Severn, by its conflux constituting the Bristol
+Channel at King's-road.
+
+[Sidenote: Bath.]
+
+
+
+
+B.
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    34|Babcary       pa|Somerset |Somerton    4|Ilchester  5|
+    27|Babingley,[A] pa|Norfolk  |Cas. Rising 2|Lynn       6|
+      |  or Baburghley |         |             |            |
+    34|Babington     pa|Somerset |Frome       5|Bath      10|
+     6|Babraham[B]   pa|Cambridge|Linton      4|Cambridge  5|
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    34|Babcary       pa|Castle-Cary           7|  120|   453|
+    27|Babingley,[A] pa|Heacham               8|  102|    38|
+      |  or Baburghley |                       |     |      |
+    34|Babington     pa|Shepton Mal.          9|  109|   206|
+     6|Babraham[B]   pa|Newmarket            12|   51|   273|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BABINGLEY. In this parish, the first Christian church in East Anglia
+is said to have been built. Several hills in the vicinity, called
+Christian Hills, render the opinion highly probable. The village is
+situated near that part of the Lincolnshire wash called Lynn Deeps.
+
+
+[B] BABRAHAM, anciently Badburham, is situated in the hundred of
+Chilford. This place, which was one of the manors of Algar, Earl of
+Mercia, at the time of the Norman survey, formerly had a market on
+Mondays. About the year 1576, the whole manorial property in the parish
+fell into the possession of Sir Horatio Palavicini, a Genoese. According
+to the tradition of the neighbourhood, this gentleman was collector of
+the Pope's taxes in England, in the reign of Queen Mary, on whose death,
+and the consequent change in religion under Elizabeth, he (like the
+Vicar of Bray,) changed his faith, converted the Pope's money to his own
+use, and settled in this country. The following whimsical epitaph
+relates to this occurrence: it is printed in "Lord Orford's Anecdotes of
+Painting"--
+
+   "Here lyes Horatio Palavazine,
+   Who robbed the Pope to lend the Queen.
+   He was a thief--a thief? Thou lyest:
+   For what! he robb'd but Antichrist,
+   Him death with besome swept from Bab'ram.
+   Into the bosom of ould Abraham:
+   But then came Hercules with his club,
+   And struck him down to Belzebub."
+
+Sir Horatio was in great favour with Queen Elizabeth. He was
+naturalised, by patent, in 1516, and commanded one of the English
+men-of-war in the great battle with the Spanish Armada, in 1588; and he
+was employed by the Queen, in her negotiations with the German Princes:
+he died at his seat, in this parish, on the 6th of July, 1600. It
+appears by the register kept in the church, that his children were
+baptized and buried here: it is also recorded, that the marriage of Sir
+Horatio's widow with Sir Oliver Cromwell, the Protector's uncle, took
+place exactly a year and a day after her husband's decease. The poor of
+this parish are partly maintained by a bequest of L97. a year, expended
+under certain restrictions imposed by the donor. Here is an alms-house,
+and a free school, founded by Levinus Bush, Esq., and his sister, Mrs.
+Judith Bennet; and the yearly sum of L25. is appropriated to the
+apprenticing of children.
+
+[Sidenote: Singular anecdote of the Pope's Tax-gatherer.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen's favorite.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |   Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    30|Babworth[A]   pa|Nottingham|East Retford 1|Blyth       6|
+    56|Bacheldre, or   |Montgomery|Bis. Castle  4|Montgomery  5|
+      |  Bacheldref  to|          |              |             |
+    10|Bachymbyd     to|Denbigh   |Ruthin       3|Denbigh     6|
+    49|Bach-Yrys, or   |Caermarth |Llanelly     4|Lougher     4|
+      |  Machunis  Isle|          |              |             |
+     7|Backford to & pa|Chester   |Chester      3|Park Gate  12|
+    34|Backwell, or    |Somerset  |Bristol      7|Pensford    8|
+    34|  Bachwell    pa|          |              |             |
+    29|Backworth, or   |Northumb  |N. Shields   6|Newcastle   7|
+      |  Blackworth  to|          |              |             |
+    27|Baconsthorpe  to|Norfolk   |Holt         4|Cromer      7|
+    22|Bacop       chap|Lancaster |Rochdale     7|Haslingden  6|
+    17|Bacton        pa|Hereford  |Hereford    12|Llanthony A 6|
+    27|Bacton        pa|Norfolk   |N. Walsham   5|Cromer     10|
+    36|Bacton        pa|Suffolk   |Stourmarket  6|Botesdale   7|
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|   Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+    30|Babworth[A]   pa|Worksop                 7|  146|    449|
+    56|Bacheldre, or   |Welshpool              12|  163|    ...|
+      |  Bacheldref  to|                         |     |       |
+    10|Bachymbyd     to|Mold                   11|  202|    ...|
+    49|Bach-Yrys, or   |Pont ar                 7|  223|    ...|
+      |  Machunis  Isle|Dulas                    |     |       |
+     7|Backford to & pa|Liverpool              16|  186|    487|
+    34|Backwell, or    |Axbridge               12|  125|   1038|
+    34|  Bachwell    pa|                         |     |       |
+    29|Backworth, or   |Blyth                   7|  281|    243|
+      |  Blackworth  to|                         |     |       |
+    27|Baconsthorpe  to|Aylsham                 8|  121|    333|
+    22|Bacop       chap|Burnley                 6|  205|    ...|
+    17|Bacton        pa|Hay                    14|  139|    178|
+    27|Bacton        pa|Worsted                 7|  128|    498|
+    36|Bacton        pa|Ixworth                 9|   76|    758|
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BABWORTH. The hall is the seat of the Hon. J.B. Simpson; it a plain
+white-fronted edifice, the surrounding grounds which are very beautiful,
+were laid out by the celebrated Repton. Babworth church is a neat gothic
+building, with a small steeple; it is worthy of remark, that there are
+two trees growing out of the roof of the south porch. Near this village
+the ground begins to rise, and displays the most enchanting scenery of
+woods, lawns, glades, heaths, cultivated farms, and ornamental seats.
+The late Paul Sandby, Esq., R.A., who died on the 8th of November, 1809,
+was descended from a branch of the Sandby family, of Babworth, and was
+born at Nottingham, in 1732. In 1746 he went to London, and having an
+early bias towards the arts, he got introduced into the drawing room of
+the Tower. After two years he was appointed draughtsman, under the
+inspection of Mr. David Watson, who was employed by the late Duke of
+Cumberland to take a survey of the Highlands. During this excursion he
+made several sketches from the terrific scenery of that romantic
+country, from which he afterwards made a number of small etchings, which
+were published in a folio volume. From this circumstance, perhaps, we
+may account for the bold and striking style by which the paintings of
+this excellent artist are so peculiarly distinguished. In 1752, he
+quitted this employment and resided with his brother at Windsor. Several
+of the most beautiful views in the neighbourhood of Windsor and Eton,
+now became the subject of his pencil; here also he obtained that skill
+in depicting gothic architecture which gave so beautiful an effect to
+those landscapes that Sir Joseph Banks purchased them all at a very
+liberal price. Mr. Sandby published several prints in ridicule of the
+inimitable Hogarth's "Analysis of Beauty," but he afterwards declared,
+that had he known the merits of that exquisite painter at the time, he
+should not have dared to depreciate them. On the institution of "the
+Royal Academy," he was elected one of the Academicians. He was
+afterwards appointed chief drawing master of the Royal Academy at
+Woolwich, and held the office with honour and credit to the day of his
+death.
+
+[Sidenote: Trees grow out of the roof of the church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Paul Sandby, Esq.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sandby the painter.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.      | County.|  Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+--------+------------+-----------+
+    28|Badby[A]            pa|Northamp|Daventry   3|Banbury  14|
+    39|Baddesley-Clinton   pa|Warwick |Warwick    7|Solihull  6|
+    39|Baddesley-Ensor     pa|Warwick |Atherstone 3|Tamworth  6|
+    16|Baddesley-North     pa|Hants   |Romsey     4|Wincheste 8|
+    16|Baddesley-South[B] ham|Hants   |Lymington  2|Yarmouth  5|
+     7|Baddiley[C]         pa|Chester |Nantwich   3|Malpas    9|
+     7|Baddington          to|Chester |           2|Tarporley 9|
+    14|Baddow (Great)[D]   pa|Essex   |Chelmsford 2|Witham   10|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+------------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+--------+------------+-----+-----+
+    28|Badby[A]            pa|Northamp           13|   75|  583|
+    39|Baddesley-Clinton   pa|Henley in A.        6|   97|  110|
+    39|Baddesley-Ensor     pa|Coleshill           9|  108|  568|
+    16|Baddesley-North     pa|Southampton         7|   70|  297|
+    16|Baddesley-South[B] ham|Beaulieu            6|   88|  ...|
+     7|Baddiley[C]         pa|Tarporley           9|  167|  267|
+     7|Baddington          to|Malpas             11|  166|  132|
+    14|Baddow (Great)[D]   pa|Maldon              9|   31| 1719|
+   +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BADBY. This extensive village is situated on the brow of a hill, in
+the large uninclosed district of Badby-Down. Here are numerous springs,
+and several quarries of flag-stone, which, from its excellence, is very
+extensively employed for the purposes of building and paving. On the
+summit of Arbury Hill, in this parish, is a large encampment, which is
+attributed to the Romans: the ramparts are very steep, and the whole is
+encompassed by a very wide and deep foss.
+
+[Sidenote: Quarries.]
+
+
+[B] BADDESLEY. This village was celebrated a short time ago for a
+singular tree it contained, from which was frequently heard to issue
+groans as though uttered by a person in acute agony. The tree was an
+elm, young, vigorous, and to all appearance perfectly sound; and what is
+most wonderful, naturalists could assign no physical reason for the
+phenomena. Its fame spread far and wide; a pamphlet was written with an
+account of it, and persons came miles to visit it. The tree, however, it
+would seem with the fickleness attendant too often upon those who have
+gained celebrity, would not always groan, yet no cause could be assigned
+for its temporary cessations, either from seasons or weather. Many
+superstitious tales were raised by the country people and alleged as
+reasons for this singular occurrence; and for eighteen or twenty months
+it continued an object of considerable interest; a gentleman of the name
+of Forbes, making an experiment to discover its cause, by boring a hole
+in its trunk, put a period to its agonies, it never groaned again. It
+was afterwards rooted up with a further view to make a discovery, but in
+vain. It is universally believed that there was no trick in the affair,
+but that some natural cause really existed, though never understood.
+
+[Sidenote: The groaning tree.]
+
+
+[C] BADDILEY. A parish in the hundred of Nantwich. This place is
+principally remarkable for its church, standing on a small green
+surrounded by farm buildings. It consists of a small nave and chancel,
+and was constructed entirely of English oak; it is of the most remote
+antiquity, and presented a most unique specimen of ecclesiastical
+buildings of timber, previous to the introduction of stone; the upright
+timbers being much decayed were cased with brick in 1811, it having
+stood so many centuries that it was in danger of falling; the roof and
+ceiling are still in fine preservation. In the chancel are remains of
+some ancient stalls, and two elegant marble monuments, erected to the
+Mainwaring family, who were lords of the manor. Baddiley Hall, the
+former residence of this family, was a very old irregular building of
+timber and plaister, but has been lately pulled down.
+
+[Sidenote: An oaken church.]
+
+
+[D] BADDOW. (Great). This extensive, populous, and genteel village, from
+its peculiarly delightful situation, has become the residence of a
+considerable number of highly respectable families. Previous to the
+conquest, the manor was part of the possessions of Algar, Earl of
+Mercia. In consequence, however, of the rebellion of his son and
+successor, Earl Eadwine, who was slain in battle, this lordship, with
+other estates, was granted by King William to the monastery of the Holy
+Trinity at Caen, in Normandy. In the reign of Henry I., the crown was
+again possessed of it, and about the same period, the Earls of
+Gloucester became its proprietors; from which time, after having been
+vested in many noble families, it is now in the possession of the family
+of Houblon. Two chauntries of some value were formerly in the church.
+
+   Map|Names of Places.      |  County. |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+    14|Baddow, Little[A]   pa|Essex     |Chelmsford  5|Witham       6|
+    33|Badger              pa|Salop     |Bridgenorth 6|Shifnal      6|
+    15|Badgington          pa|Gloucester|Cirencester 4|Northleach   9|
+    15|Badgworth           pa|Gloucester|Cheltenham  4|Painswick    8|
+    34|Badgworth           pa|Somerset  |Axbridge    3|Bridgewater 12|
+    36|Badingham           pa|Suffolk   |Framlingham 4|Halesworth   6|
+    21|Badlesmere[B]       pa|Kent      |Faversham   4|Charing      6|
+    36|Badley              pa|Suffolk   |Needham     2|Stowmarket   2|
+    15|Badminton, Great[C] pa|Gloucester|Sodbury     6|Tetbury     10|
+   +--+---------------------+-----------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    14|Baddow, Little[A]   pa|Maldon                 7|   34|     548|
+    33|Badger              pa|Madeley                6|  134|     142|
+    15|Badgington          pa|Cheltenham            12|   93|     167|
+    15|Badgworth           pa|Gloucester             5|   98|     859|
+    34|Badgworth           pa|Wells                 12|  133|     352|
+    36|Badingham           pa|Saxmundham             6|   91|     866|
+    21|Badlesmere[B]       pa|Canterbury            11|   48|     135|
+    36|Badley              pa|Bildeston              8|   71|      82|
+    15|Badminton, Great[C] pa|Malmesbury            10|  106|     529|
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-------+--------+
+
+
+[A] BADDOW, (Little). The church at this place contains a rich and
+splendid monument to the memory of Sir Henry Mildmay, Knight, who died
+in October, 1639. He is represented in a full suit of armour, reposing
+under a dome, which rests upon black marble pillars; two female figures
+kneel at his feet; the one elderly, and dressed in a scarf and hood, the
+other young, and magnificently attired in the fashion of the time. The
+head of the knight is supported by a pillow. From a latin inscription
+upon an oval tablet, we learn that Sir Henry having served as a soldier
+in the Irish wars, was for his gallantry knighted in the field. The
+carved effigies of two female figures, said by tradition to have been
+sisters and founders of this church, occupy recesses in the south wall
+of the centre aisle. Upon examining the two graves in which it was
+supposed that the corpses of the persons whose figures stood in the
+niches were interred, in one of them were found three skeletons, and two
+in the other, but without the slightest vestige of wood, linen, coffin,
+or any other covering to the bodies. In the year 1817, Edward Bullin,
+Esq., bequeathed 196 acres of land, and a wood containing thirty-six
+acres, for the purpose of clothing and educating the children in this
+parish and that of Boreham.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Henry Mildmay.]
+
+[Sidenote: Skeletons found.]
+
+
+[B] BADLESMERE. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, lord of the manor in the
+reign of Edward the Second, obtained a license for founding a house of
+regular canons in this place. The church is a small and very plain Saxon
+structure. In the porch are the fronts of two ancient wooden seats,
+carved in high relief; one represents a shield, on which are the star,
+ribbon, and motto of the order of the garter: on the other are some
+Scriptural sentences, relative to the Holy Trinity, in four circles,
+united by bands; so that the words Pater, Filius, Spisces and Deus,
+though only once repeated in the circles, form a part of every sentence.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious carvings in wood.]
+
+
+[C] BADMINTON, (Great) has been the seat of the ducal family of
+Beaufort, ever since the demolition of Ragland Castle, in the civil
+wars. Badminton House, the family residence of the duke, is situated in
+a noble park nearly nine miles in circumference, through which various
+avenues have been formed. It was erected by the first duke of Beaufort
+in the year 1682. It is a very extensive building, on the French model.
+In the hall is a large sarcophagus of Roman sculpture, representing a
+bacchanalian procession; this was given to the third duke of Beaufort,
+by Cardinal Alberoni. By that distinguished prelate, who died in 1745,
+many curious and original paintings were procured during his residence
+in Italy; among them is a Holy Family, by Raphael; and several by Guido
+and Carlo Dolci are much esteemed. He also purchased the very singular
+and finely painted satirical picture by Salvator Rosa, for which that
+artist was expelled Rome. "The Sovereigns of the different nations are
+here depicted by different animals, as an eagle, a wolf, a sheep, a hog,
+a fox, a cow, and an ass; the latter has the pontifical pall thrown over
+him, and the blind goddess, Fortune, is represented showering her gifts
+over the whole group." Some excellent landscapes, by the Italian
+masters, are also preserved here; and a very fine series of fourteen
+portraits, of the Beauforts, from John of Gaunt, from whom they trace
+their genealogy. Badminton church is an elegant structure; it was built
+by the late duke in 1785, and contains many monuments of the Beaufort
+family.
+
+[Sidenote: Duke of Beaufort's seat.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fine paintings.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  County. |   Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    15|Badminton, Little ti|Gloucester|Sodbury    6|Tetbury    10|
+    42|Badsey            pa|Worcester |Evesham    2|Broadway    4|
+    37|Badshot           ti|Surrey    |Farnham    2|Guildford   9|
+    45|Badsworth         pa|W.R. York |Pontefract 5|Wakefield   9|
+    36|Badwell-Ash       pa|Suffolk   |Stowmarket 8|Ixworth     4|
+    34|Bagborough-West   pa|Somerset  |Taunton   12|Watchet     7|
+    43|Bagby           chap|N.R. York |Thirsk     3|Borobridge 11|
+    23|Baggrave         lib|Leicester |Leicester  9|Melton      7|
+    39|Baginton[A]       pa|Warwick   |Coventry   4|Rugby      13|
+    54|Baglan[B]         pa|Glamorgan |Neath      4|Aberavon    2|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    15|Badminton, Little ti|Malmesbury           10|  106|    116|
+    42|Badsey            pa|Alcester             15|   98|    463|
+    37|Badshot           ti|Frimley               7|   37|       |
+    45|Badsworth         pa|Doncaster            11|  171|    782|
+    36|Badwell-Ash       pa|Bury                 12|   78|    490|
+    34|Bagborough-West   pa|Stowey                8|  156|    453|
+    43|Bagby           chap|Easingwold            8|  220|    289|
+    23|Baggrave         lib|Houghton              5|  100|     16|
+    39|Baginton[A]       pa|Kenilworth            4|   90|    257|
+    54|Baglan[B]         pa|Swansea              13|  194|    410|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BAGINTON. The Hall, a seat of a descendant of the Bromley family,
+who purchased the estate in the reign of James I., was built by
+secretary Bromley. This gentleman, one of the most honest and able
+servants of Queen Anne, was Speaker of the House of Commons. In proof of
+the high estimation in which he was held, it is necessary only to cite a
+memorable circumstance relative to the residence under notice. In 1706,
+the family seat at Baginton was reduced to the ground by fire.
+Intelligence of this calamity was conveyed to the owner while attending
+his duty in the House of Commons, and a considerable sum was immediately
+voted by parliament towards a restoration of the structure. Here is
+barely to be traced the site of the castellated residence of Sir William
+Bagot, a firm adherent of Richard II., at which the Duke of Hereford,
+afterwards Henry IV., lodged the night previous to his projected
+personal contest with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, in the presence
+of the King on Gosford Green, where the lists were formed; the scene is
+admirably described by Shakespeare.
+
+[Sidenote: Once destroyed by fire].
+
+
+[B] BAGLAN is a parish in the hundred of Neath. The village is of the
+most romantic beauty, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is of a
+delightful character. Near this place is Britton Ferry, which is
+interesting, not only on account of its sylvan fascinations, but as
+being the domain of Lord Jersey, whose extensive plantations spread over
+several bold hills westward of the Neath river, a stream which here
+emerges in a fine sweep, between woody banks, partly broken into cliffs
+and at a short distance descends into the sea. "From a delightful shady
+walk over the stream, we branched off," says Mr. Barber, "into an 'alley
+green,' which led us up a steep hill, covered with large trees, and
+tangled underwood; the ascent was judiciously traced, where several bare
+crags, projecting from the soil, formed an opposite contrast to the
+luxuriant verdure which prevailed around. On gaining the summit, the
+charms of Britton Ferry disclosed themselves in 'an ample theatre of
+sylvan grace,' of more than common beauty: beyond which, the Bristol
+Channel, bounded by the aerial tint of its opposite coast, formed the
+distance. From this roaming prospect, however, the eye gladly returned
+to gaze on the local beauties of the scene, the tufted knoll, the dark
+glade, and the majestic river." The mansion is a very ordinary building;
+the house is low having two wings, with attic windows in the roof,
+ornamented with a bullustraded parapet. The neat simplicity of the
+hamlet deserves remark; perhaps the church is unrivalled, both for its
+picturesque situation, and moral interest. The custom of planting
+evergreens over the remains of departed friends, and bedecking them with
+flowers at certain seasons of the year, is here attended to with
+peculiar care; and to this pleasing tribute of tenderness and affection
+the "Bard of Avon" refers in the following beautiful lines:--
+
+   "With fairest flowers while summer lasts,
+   I'll sweeten thy sad grave, thou shalt not lack
+   The flower that's like thy face, pale primrose: nor
+   The azured harebell, like thy veins: no, nor
+   The leaf of eglantine, whom not to slander,
+   Out-sweetened not thy breath."
+
+David Ap Gwillym also beautifully alludes to this practice: "Oh, while
+thy season of flowers, and thy tender sprays thick of leaves remain, I
+will pluck the roses from the brakes, the flowers from the meads, the
+vivid trefoils, beauties of the ground, and the gaily smiling bloom of
+the verdant herbs, humbly will I lay them on the grave of Ivor!" This
+part of Wales is so mild in its climate, that myrtles, magnolias, and
+other tender exotics, grow luxuriantly in the open air. Near Baglan is a
+well with medicinal properties, but many superstitious notices are
+associated with its use in the neighbourhood.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives at Aberavon, 2 miles distant, 6 evening; departs, 7.30
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Jersey's seat].
+
+[Sidenote: Britton Ferry.]
+
+[Sidenote: Planting evergreens over graves.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. |  County. |    Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+     4|Bagley Wood     ti|Berks     |Abingdon    3|Oxford     3|
+    34|Bagnall         to|Stafford  |Leek        6|Newcastle  6|
+     4|Bagnor          to|Berks     |Newbury     2|Hungerford 7|
+    37|Bagshot[A]     vil|Surrey    |Staines    10|Blackwater 4|
+    27|Bagthorpe       pa|Norfolk   |Burnham     7|Fakenham   9|
+     7|Baguley         to|Chester   |Knutsford   2|Altringham 5|
+    23|Bagworth      chap|Leicester |M. Bosworth 5|Ashby      9|
+    45|Baildon[B] to&chap|W.R. York |Bradford    5|Otley      6|
+    22|Bailey          to|Lancaster |Clithero    5|Blackburn  8|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                  |Dist.
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+     4|Bagley Wood     ti|Cumnor                 4|   57|    21|
+    34|Bagnall         to|Cheadle                8|  154|   306|
+     4|Bagnor          to|Lambourn              10|   58|   594|
+    37|Bagshot[A]     vil|Windsor               11|   26|  1912|
+    27|Bagthorpe       pa|Lynn                  14|  109|    73|
+     7|Baguley         to|Stockport             11|  176|   468|
+    23|Bagworth      chap|Leicester             10|  108|   328|
+    45|Baildon[B] to&chap|Keighley               7|  201|  3041|
+    22|Bailey          to|Preston               14|  219|      |
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BAGSHOT is a village on the great western road, in the parish of
+Windlesham, and hundred of Woking. Bagshot heath derives its name from
+this village; it is one of the most extensive wastes in the kingdom, and
+was formerly the scene of many highway robberies. Its appearance is
+extremely desolate, but it is useful in supplying the inhabitants with
+fuel, and feeds a great number of sheep, the mutton of which is
+excellent; but like other animals fed on a similar pasture, the sheep
+are small. On the edge of the heath are several noblemen's seats. Among
+which, Hall Grove, the residence of Mrs. Birt; Chobham Place, S.
+Thornton, Esq.; South Hill Park, the Earl of Limerick; and Easthampstead
+Park, the seat of the Marquis of Downshire; are deserving the notice of
+the curious traveller. Bagshot Park to the north of the village, was
+once the seat of his late Majesty George IV. when Prince of Wales; after
+which time it was inhabited by the late Duke of Gloucester,
+(brother-in-law of his present Majesty) until the day of his decease,
+which occurred on the 30th of November, 1834, in the 58th year of his
+age; his remains were interred in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle,
+on the 11th of the following month. Bagshot was formerly a lordship of
+the kings of England, and was much resorted to by James I., and Charles
+I., to enjoy the pleasures of the chace.
+
+   _Mail_ arrives 10.14 night; departs 3.28 morning--_Inns_, King's
+   Arms, and White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Bagshot heath.]
+
+
+[B] BAILDON is in the parish of Otley and wapentake of Skyrack, and is
+situated on the river Aire. The inhabitants are principally engaged in
+trade and manufactures. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes within a
+mile and a half from this place.
+
+   _Fair_, first Saturday in March and November, for horses, horned
+   cattle &c.
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  County. |    Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+     9|Bailie           to|Cumberland|Carlisle     18|Bewcastle   2|
+    43|Bainbridge       to|N.R. York |Askrigg       2|Hawes       4|
+    28|Bainton          pa|Northamp  |Wandsford     5|Deeping     4|
+    31|Bainton         ham|Oxford    |Bicester      3|Deddington  8|
+    46|Bainton          pa|E.R. York |G. Driffield  6|Beverley   11|
+    10|Bakewell[A] mt & pa|Derby     |Chesterfield 11|Manchester 35|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+     9|Bailie           to|Brampton                10|  312|    454|
+    43|Bainbridge       to|Middleham               13|  246|    831|
+    28|Bainton          pa|Stamford                 4|   89|    171|
+    31|Bainton         ham|Aynhoe                   6|   56|     27|
+    46|Bainton          pa|Weighton                10|  196|    300|
+    10|Bakewell[A] mt & pa|Wirksworth              13|  153|   9503|
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BAKEWELL. This ancient market town, in which the petty sessions for
+the High Peak are holden, is situated on the western bank of the river
+Wye. Of late years, the market has dwindled into insignificance, but the
+parish is the most extensive in Derbyshire; its length is more than 20
+miles, and its breadth upwards of eight. The pasturage in this
+neighbourhood is remarkably good. The town was anciently called
+Bath-quelle; it appears to have derived its name from its Bath-well, the
+immediate site of which has been for many years occupied by a collector
+of minerals and fossils for private cabinets. From the circumstance of a
+Roman altar, and other antiquities having been discovered here, there
+can be but little doubt that Bakewell was a place of some note in the
+time of the Romans. At the Conquest, Bakewell had two priests and a
+church. The manor then belonged to William Peverell, ancestor of the
+Peveril celebrated in the admirable romance by Sir Walter Scott, styled
+"Peveril of the Peak." Bakewell church is an ancient structure, with a
+lofty spire. Near the entrance of the town, from Ashford, is a mill, for
+the carding, roving, doubling, spinning, and twisting of cotton, in
+which some hundreds of persons of both sexes are employed; the mill was
+erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, the founder of the cotton
+trade in this neighbourhood. This distinguished character, whose
+perseverance and admirable inventions raised him from one of the most
+humble occupations in society--that of a barber--to affluence and
+honour, was the youngest of thirteen children, and was born in the year
+1732, at Preston, in Lancashire. A considerable manufacture of linen
+goods, and of linen and cotton mixed, was then carried on in that
+neighbourhood, and Mr. Arkwright had an opportunity of becoming
+intimately acquainted with the various operations; and being a man of
+superior powers, he directed his thoughts to the improvement of the mode
+of spinning, which had probably been conducted for ages without thought
+of change. The first hint respecting the means of effecting this
+improvement, he said, he accidentally received from seeing a red hot
+iron bar elongated, by being passed between iron cylinders. The
+difficulties which he experienced before he could bring his machine into
+use, even after its construction was sufficiently complete to
+demonstrate its value, would, perhaps, have for ever retarded its
+completion, had his genius and application been less ardent. His
+pecuniary means were not such as to enable him to commence business on
+his own account, and few were willing to incur the necessary risk. At
+length, however, he secured the co-operation of some persons who saw the
+merits of the invention, and were willing to assist his endeavours, and
+he obtained his first patent for spinning by means of rollers in the
+year 1769. To avoid the inconvenience of establishing a manufacture of
+this kind at the great seat of the cotton manufacture, as it then
+existed, he removed to Nottingham, when, in conjunction with his
+partners, he erected his first mill, which was worked by horses. This
+mode being found too expensive, another mill on a larger scale was
+erected at Cromford, the machinery of which was put in motion by water.
+Mr. Arkwright soon effected many improvements in the mode of preparing
+the cotton for spinning, and invented a variety of ingenious machines
+for that purpose, in the most correct and expeditious manner, for all
+which he obtained a patent in the year 1775, and thus completed a series
+of machinery so various and complicated, yet so admirably combined as to
+excite universal approbation. That all this should have been
+accomplished by a single man, without education, without mechanical
+knowledge, or even mechanic's experience, is truly extraordinary; and
+is, perhaps, equal to any known example of the wonderful powers of the
+human mind, when steadily directed to one object. However, at the same
+time that he was inventing or improving the machinery, he was engaged in
+various undertakings which might have been thought incompatible with
+other pursuits. He was taking measures to secure himself a fair
+proportion of the fruits of his industry and ingenuity--he was greatly
+extending the business--he was introducing into every department of the
+manufactory, a novel system of industry, economy, order, and
+cleanliness; the whole of which he so effectually accomplished, that his
+example may be regarded as the origin of almost all similar
+improvements. During this entire period, he was afflicted with a violent
+asthma, which sometimes threatened the immediate termination of his
+existence; and for some time previously to his death, he was rendered
+incapable of continuing his usual pursuits, by a complication of
+diseases, which, at length, deprived him of life at the Rock House,
+Cromford, on the 23d of August, 1792. The honour of Knighthood was
+bestowed on him by George III., in December, 1786, when he presented an
+address to that monarch. Dr. Thomas Denman, an eminent physician, was
+born at this place in 1733; after the death of Dr. William Hunter, he
+was considered as the most eminent man of his profession. Towards the
+decline of his life he gradually relinquished the more laborious parts
+of his profession to his son-in-law, Sir Richard Croft, and became a
+consulting physician. His death, which was very sudden, took place on
+the 26th of November, 1815. He left two daughters and a son, the latter
+of whom, adopting the legal profession, is now Lord Chief Justice of the
+Court of King's Bench.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, Easter Monday; Whit Monday; August 26;
+   Monday after October 10; Monday after November 22, for cattle and
+   horses,--_Inn_, Rutland Arms, allowed to be one of the best Inns in
+   the kingdom, and is much frequented by anglers during the summer
+   season.--_Mail_ arrives 12.10 afternoon; departs 6.0 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Peverils of the Peak.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Arkwright.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cotton mills.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Thomas Denman.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    55|Bala[A]       to| Merioneth|Shrewsbury 41|Dolgelly  18|
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    55|Bala[A]       to| Corven               12|  195|  1163|
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+
+
+[A] BALA is situated at the outlet of the lake of the same name. It is a
+clean and populous market town, consisting of one wide principal street,
+and others crossing it at right angles. The houses are in general built
+very low. The young women commonly go barefooted; they are however well
+formed, and have little of the strong Welsh physiognomy. At this place
+is carried on a great trade in woollen gloves and stockings. Just before
+the entrance of the town is an artificial mount called "Tommen y Bala,"
+(the tumulus of Bala) which is supposed to be of Roman origin, and
+placed here with a small castle on its summit to secure the pass towards
+the sea, which is about twenty-five miles distant. Bala Lake, or Llyn
+Tegid, is a quarter of a mile south of the town; it is the largest lake
+in Wales, being about four miles long, and in some places near a mile in
+breadth. At Bryn Goleu, its depth is several fathoms. The scenery around
+is mountainous, and it forms the principal attraction of the vicinity,
+yet it possesses none of the grand discriminating traits of the lakes of
+Scotland or Ireland. The overflowings of this lake are sometimes
+dreadful; but this only happens when the winds rush from the mountains
+at the upper end. In stormy weather, when swelled by torrents, the water
+is driven to the height of eight or nine feet, covering great part of
+the vale of Edeirnion, and almost threatening the town with destruction.
+In calm settled weather, it has been so smooth as to be frozen over. The
+river Dee rises from under Arran ben Llyn, the high mountain at the head
+of the lake; and according to Giraldus Cambriensis, Drayton, and others,
+passes through this immense body of water without deigning to intermix
+its waters, as the Rhone is said to pass through the lake of Geneva, and
+the classic Alpheus through the waters of the Adriatic. Hence it has
+been asserted, that salmon are never found in the lake, or gwiniad in
+the river; it however abounds with a variety of excellent fish, among
+which we may mention pike, trout, perch, and eels. The fishery in the
+13th century belonged to the Abbey of Basingwerk; the whole property is
+vested at present in Sir Watkyn Williams Wynne, Bart., who allows the
+fishermen to be occasionally employed in attending fishing parties with
+a boat and nets, without such privilege no person is allowed the use of
+nets; but angling is freely permitted, and gentlemen as distant as from
+London visit this place entirely for the sake of indulging in this
+amusement. Of the inns at Bala, Mr. Hutton says, "although I have often
+only reposed one night at an inn, yet from agreeable treatment and
+conversation, I found some regret the next morning at parting; and
+though I saw the people but once, my mind revolted at the idea of seeing
+them no more." The town of Bala is governed by two bailiffs, and a
+common council, and the assizes are held here and at Dolgelly
+alternately; it is likewise one of the polling places for the county.
+
+   _Market_ Saturday--_Fairs_, May 14; July 10; Sep. 11 and 22; Oct. 24;
+   and Nov. 8.--_Mail_ arrives 8.0 morning; departs 5.0 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: The largest lake in Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lake fisheries.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. |  County.|    Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+    45|Balby[A]       to|W.R. York|Doncaster   2|Tickhill  6|
+    38|Balcombe       pa|Sussex   |Cuckfield   4|Horsham  10|
+   +--+-----------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+    45|Balby[A]       to|Rotherham            11| 163 |  420|
+    38|Balcombe       pa|E. Grinstead          9|  33 |  641|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BALBY. In this village George Fox, the founder of the Society of
+Friends, or Quakers, held his first meetings. His father, who was a
+weaver, gave him a very religious education; he was apprenticed to a
+grazier, and much employed as a shepherd. From his earliest infancy he
+displayed a tendency to enthusiasm, and no doubt his solitary employment
+tended to confirm it. At the early age of nineteen he persuaded himself
+that he was called to exercise his faculties, solely in the affairs of
+religion. Forsaking his relations, he determined to devote himself to
+that alone. Equipped in a leathern doublet, he wandered from place to
+place, subsisting by the charity of those who received his doctrines. At
+length he reached the metropolis, where, being discovered by his
+friends, he was earnestly invited to return. This, however, he refused
+to do, and after remaining with them a short time, he again betook
+himself to his itinerant habits. He now walked abroad in retired places,
+fasting and studying the Bible by day and night, and sometimes a hollow
+tree was his habitation, book in hand, for a day together. In 1648, he
+publicly propagated his opinions, commencing as public preacher at
+Manchester, which place he frequently left to perambulate the adjacent
+towns, preaching in the market-houses. About this time he began to adopt
+the manners and habits which are peculiar to the society following his
+religious opinions; nor was he free from the persecution which
+constantly follows novelty, in any thing regarded as an innovation of a
+religious nature. At Derby, the disciples of Fox were first denominated
+Quakers, from the trembling delivery of their sentences, and their calls
+on the magistrates to tremble before the Lord. In 1655, Fox was sent a
+prisoner to Cromwell, who immediately liberated him upon ascertaining
+the peaceful nature of his doctrines. He was, however, treated by the
+country magistracy with great severity, from his frequently interrupting
+ministers, even during divine service, and more than once the Protector,
+Oliver Cromwell, exerted himself to obtain his freedom. A fast having
+been appointed on account of the persecution of Protestants in foreign
+countries, he addressed a letter to the heads and governors of the
+nation, descrying, in most forcible terms, the impropriety of having
+recourse to severity of a similar nature at home. Charles II. liberated
+him from prison in the year 1666, and from that time they formally
+united as a "Society of Friends." Three years afterwards he married the
+widow of Judge Fell, in the simple unostentatious manner practised by
+the sect to the present day. His health, however, was impaired by
+imprisonment and suffering, and he lived in a more retired manner to the
+day of his death, which took place in the year 1690, in the 67th year of
+his age.
+
+[Sidenote: George Fox the Quaker.]
+
+[Sidenote: His wanderings and imprisonment.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. |  County. | Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
+    43|Baldersley[A]   to|N.R. York |Ripon     6|Thirsk      6|
+    22|Balderston    chap|Lancaster |Preston   7|Blackburn   5|
+    30|Balderton       pa|Nottingham|Newark    2|Bingham    12|
+    18|Baldock[B] m.t.&pa|Hertford  |Hertford 19|Biggleswade 8|
+    31|Baldon Marsh    pa|Oxford    |Oxford    7|Abingdon    7|
+    31|Baldon-Toot     pa|Oxford    |...       6|...         7|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-------------+
+    43|Baldersley[A]   to|Borobridge           8|  214|    267|
+    22|Balderston    chap|Clitheroe           12|  217|    658|
+    30|Balderton       pa|Grantham            12|  122|    830|
+    18|Baldock[B] m.t.&pa|Stevenage            6|   37|   1704|
+    31|Baldon Marsh    pa|Wheatley             7|   52|    318|
+    31|Baldon-Toot     pa|...                  7|   53|    272|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BALDERSLEY. Near this village is an extensive common, called Hutton
+Conyers Moor, on which there is a rabbit-warren; the inhabitants have a
+right of estray for their sheep on this moor, in conjunction with some
+other townships, and each township has a shepherd. The lord's shepherd
+has a pre-eminence of tending his sheep on every part of the common; and
+wherever he herds the lord's sheep, the several other shepherds are to
+give place to him, and give up what is termed their hofiong place, so
+long as they are depastured thereon. The lord's court is held on the
+first of January; the shepherds attend the court, and each do fealty by
+bringing a large apple-pye and a two-penny sweet-cake; each pye is
+divided into two parts, and distributed by the bailiff between the
+steward, the tenant of the rabbit-warren, and the shepherds of the
+townships, reserving a portion however for himself. Each pye contains
+about a peck of flour, and the bailiff measures them with a rule to see
+that they are of the proper dimensions; should they not be so he
+threatens to fine the town; he, however, has to provide furmenty (a food
+made by boiling wheat in milk) and mustard. The furmenty is put into an
+earthen pot, and the top of the dish placed level with the ground, all
+persons present are invited to partake; those who do not accept the
+invitation are deemed disloyal to their lord. Every shepherd is
+compelled to bring a spoon with him, and in cases of neglect, or wilful
+pleasantry, they are obliged to sup the hot furmenty from the pot, and
+the bystanders not unfrequently plunge the offenders head into the
+mixture, as a matter of diversion.
+
+[Sidenote: Right of Common.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular custom.]
+
+
+[B] BALDOCK is situated between two hills, at the intersection of the
+great north road, and the Roman Ikeneld street. It was formerly the
+property of the Knights Templars, to whom Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke,
+gave the site; it was then called Baudoc: but some antiquarians, with
+little reason, derive its name from Balbec, a city in Syria, from which
+this order of knights was expelled by the Saracens. It principally
+consists of one long ancient street. The church, dedicated to St. Mary,
+is a spacious structure, and was built by the Knights Templars, and
+again partly rebuilt in the early part of the fifteenth century. All the
+early portion of this structure is of pure Roman architecture, and the
+latter of the florid gothic. The steeple, which is octagonal, was
+rebuilt a few years ago. In the church is a richly carved oaken screen,
+part of the ancient rood-loft, and a very curious font. In cutting
+through Baldock-hill, to form a new road, a number of fossils,
+consisting of cornua ammonis, sharks' teeth, &c., were discovered. There
+is a curious custom in this manor. When the Steward holds his Court
+Leet, the bell tolls, to summons the copyhold tenants together, to do
+their suit and service at dinner, to which every baker sends a loaf of
+bread, and every victualler a flagon of ale or beer. The object of this
+custom is intended for the Court Leet to examine the measures, as well
+as to judge of the quality of the articles of food.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, March 7; last Thursday in May; August
+   5; October 2; December 11, for cheese, cattle, and household
+   goods.--_Mail_ arrives 12.31 morning, departs 2.16
+   morning.--_Bankers_, Williamson and Co., draw on Hoare and
+   Co.--_Inn_, White Hart.
+
+[Sidenote: Sharks' teeth found in cutting through a hill.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County. |    Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+    27|Bale              pa|Norfolk  |Holt         5|Cley         6|
+    37|Balham           vil|Surrey   |Clapham      1|Tooting      2|
+    43|Balke             to|N.R. York|Thirsk       4|Helmsley    10|
+    46|Balke-Holme       to|E.R. York|Howden       2|South Cave  10|
+    10|Ballidon          to|Derby    |Ashborne     6|Wirksworth   6|
+    14|Ballingdon   pa chap|Essex    |Sudbury      1|Halstead     8|
+    17|Ballingham        pa|Hereford |Hereford     7|Ross         6|
+    45|Balne             to|W.R. York|Snaith       4|Pontefract  10|
+    39|Balsall         chap|Warwick  |Warwick     10|Coventry    10|
+    31|Balscott         ham|Oxford   |Banbury      5|Chip Norton 14|
+     6|Balsham           pa|Cambridge|Linton       4|Cambridge    8|
+    35|Balterley         to|Stafford |Newcastle    7|Congleton    9|
+    34|Baltonsborough    pa|Somerset |Glastonbury  4|Somerton     4|
+    29|Bambrough    to & pa|Northumb |Belford      5|Holy Island  6|
+    29|Bambrough[A]      to|Northumb |...          5|...          6|
+    10|Bamford          ham|Derby    |S. Middleton 6|Sheffield   11|
+    22|Bamford           to|Lancaster|Rochdale     3|Manchester   7|
+    11|Bampton[B] m.t. & pa|Devon    |Exeter      23|Tiverton     7|
+    31|Bampton[C] m.t. & pa|Oxford   |Oxford      16|Witney       5|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    27|Bale              pa|Walsingham             6|  117|     275|
+    37|Balham           vil|Epsom                  9|    5|     ...|
+    43|Balke             to|Easingwold             9|  222|      72|
+    46|Balke-Holme       to|Weighton              12|  182|     107|
+    10|Ballidon          to|Winster                6|  142|     108|
+    14|Ballingdon   pa chap|Bury                  17|   54|     283|
+    17|Ballingham        pa|Ledbury               12|  126|     147|
+    45|Balne             to|Thorne                 8|  173|     343|
+    39|Balsall         chap|Solihul                5|  100|    1038|
+    31|Balscott         ham|Deddington             9|   74|     213|
+     6|Balsham           pa|Newmarket              9|   52|    1074|
+    35|Balterley         to|Nantwich              12|  153|     ...|
+    34|Baltonsborough    pa|Cas. Caray             8|  121|     675|
+    29|Bambrough    to & pa|Alnwick               15|  324|    3949|
+    29|Bambrough[A]      to|...                   15|   61|     324|
+    10|Bamford          ham|Castleton              4|  165|     238|
+    22|Bamford           to|Bury                   6|  189|    1207|
+    11|Bampton[B] m.t. & pa|Morebath               2|  162|    1961|
+    31|Bampton[C] m.t. & pa|Farringdon             7|   71|    2514|
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BAMBROUGH CASTLE is situated on the romantic coast of
+Northumberland, near an obscure town of the same name; it stands upon a
+triangular rock, high, rugged, and abrupt on the land side. But we leave
+its description, which would be too lengthy, and turn rather to the
+account of the benevolent institution founded in 1720, by Lord Crewe,
+Bishop of Durham, of which it is the seat. The keep of the castle is
+fitted up for suffering seamen, and property which may have been rescued
+from the fury of the ocean. Regulations were also adopted to prevent
+accidents on the coast, and to alleviate misfortunes when they had
+occurred. A nine-pounder placed at the bottom of the great tower, gives
+signals to ships in distress; and in case of a wreck announces it to the
+Custom-house officers, who hasten to prevent its being plundered. In
+addition to this, during a storm, horsemen patrol the coast, and rewards
+are paid for the earliest intelligence of vessels in distress. A flag is
+always hoisted when any ship is seen in distress on the Fern Islands or
+Staples; or a rocket thrown up at night, which gives notice to the
+fishermen of Holy Island, who put off to the spot when no boat from the
+main can get over the breakers. There has also been life-boats added to
+the establishment. Within the walls of the castle are supported two
+free-schools, an infirmary, thirty beds for shipwrecked sailors, and a
+granary, whence poor persons are supplied with provision at the first
+price. There is also a library, the books of which are circulated
+gratuitously for twenty miles round. This philanthropic endowment has
+not been suffered to decay with the romance of olden time, but the
+charitable intentions of the testator are fulfilled so as to exhibit a
+lasting record of his active benevolence.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Bishop of Durham.]
+
+[Sidenote: Noble charity.]
+
+
+[B] BAMPTON. A market town, situated near the little river Batherme,
+which flows into the Exe at about one mile distance. Mr. Polwhele
+considers that this was a Roman station, and here, probably, the Romans
+had artificial hot-baths. A chalybeate spring in this neighbourhood is
+much celebrated for its medicinal qualities. John de Bampton, a
+Carmelite, who was the first who publicly read Aristotle in Cambridge,
+was born here: he died in 1391. The manufactures of the place are serges
+and pottery.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit Tuesday, and last Thursday in
+   October, for cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: John de Bampton.]
+
+
+[C] BAMPTON. Here are some slight remains of an ancient castle, supposed
+to have been erected in the reign of King John. The celebrated poet,
+John Philips, the son of Dr. Stephen Philips, archdeacon of Salop, was
+born in this town, on the 30th of December, 1676, and after the
+preliminary process of juvenile education, was sent to Winchester, where
+he was distinguished by the superiority of his exercises, and at school
+endeared himself to all his companions and superiors: it is related of
+him, that he seldom mingled in the play of other boys, but retired to
+his chamber, and indulged in the study of the poets and of the ancient
+and modern classics, particularly Milton. In 1694, he was removed to
+Christchurch, Oxford, where he finished all his University acquirements;
+but Milton--the immortal Milton--continued to be his uninterrupted day
+dream: and he might have exclaimed in the language of that poet, I will
+study the magnificence of thy etherial phantasy,
+
+   "From morn till noon, from noon to dewey eve,
+   When Urania visits my nightly
+   Slumbers, or when morn purples the east."
+
+It is said that there was not an allusion in "Paradise Lost," drawn from
+any hint either in "Homer," or "Virgil," to which he could not
+immediately refer. While at Oxford he was honoured with the friendship
+of Mr. Edmund Smith, author of the Tragedy of "Phaedra and Hippolitus;"
+and also with that of the most polite and favoured of the gentlemen in
+the University. His first poem was published in 1703, entitled, "The
+Splendid Shilling," which has the merit of an original design. His next
+poem, entitled "Blenheim," which he wrote as a rival to Addison's poem
+on the same subject, was published in 1705, and procured him the
+patronage of Mr. Henry Saint John, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke.
+Independent of poetry, Philips was an excellent botanist; in 1706 he
+produced his third poem on "Cyder," founded on the model of Virgil's
+Georgics, a book not only of entertainment but of science; and soon
+afterwards, a latin Ode, "to Henry Saint John, Esq.," said to have been
+the poet's masterpiece. "It is gay and elegant," says Dr. Johnson, "and
+exhibits several artful accommodations of classic expressions to new
+purposes." At the time of his illness, Philips was meditating a poem to
+be called "The Last Day;" death put an end to so solemn and majestic a
+finale of genius. He died at Hereford, of a lingering consumption,
+February 15, 1708, in the thirty-third year of his age, and was buried
+in the cathedral of that city. Sir Simon Harcourt, afterwards Lord
+Chancellor, erected a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey, the
+epitaph upon which was written by Doctor Atterbury. Philips was a
+gentleman of a modest and amiable disposition, "and always praised
+without contradiction," (says Dr. Johnson) "as a man, modest, blameless,
+and pious, who bore a narrow fortune without discontent--and tedious and
+painful maladies without impatience; beloved by those who knew him, but
+not ambitious to be known."
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, March 26, and August 26, for cattle
+   and toys.
+
+[Sidenote: John Philips the poet.]
+
+[Sidenote: Philips's poetical works.]
+
+[Sidenote: Character and death.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.   | County.  |  Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-----------+
+    40|Bampton[A]   to & pa|Westmorlnd|Orton     10|Penrith   9|
+    40|Bampton-Grange   ham|Westmorlnd|          10|          9|
+     9|Bampton, Little   to|Cumberland|Wigton     5|Carlisle  7|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+    40|Bampton[A]   to & pa|Shap                 4 |  282|  636|
+    40|Bampton-Grange   ham| ...                  4|  282|     |
+     9|Bampton, Little   to|Longtown             10|  311|  213|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BAMPTON. The river Lowther runs through this parish. Here is a
+beautiful lake, called Haweswater, three miles long, and half a mile
+broad; it is environed by lofty mountains, conveying to the mind a grand
+and imposing appearance: its eastern side is sheltered by rocky
+eminences, plentifully clothed with verdure, while the western side
+displays the open fields, with all the sweet varieties of culture. A
+lead mine has lately been discovered in the neighbourhood. The free
+grammar-school was founded by Thomas Sutton, D.D., who vested in
+trustees the sum of L500., collected from estates out of the parish of
+St. Saviour, Southwark, and other places. Here, also, three parochial
+libraries were established respectively, in the years 1710, 1750, 1752,
+comprising about 800 volumes. Thomas Gibson, M.D., who married the
+daughter of Richard Cromwell, Protector, was Physician-General of the
+army, and a native of this parish. He was the author of a system of
+anatomy. The learned doctor, having laid the foundation of his classical
+learning at a school in this county, he entered as scholar at Queen's
+College, Oxford, in 1686. The study of the northern languages about this
+period was particularly cultivated at the University, and Mr. Gibson
+rigidly applied himself to that branch of literature, in which he was
+assisted by Dr. Hicks. In a short time he translated into Latin the
+"Chronicon Saxonicum," and published it together with the Saxon
+original. Dr. Gibson had an early and strong inclination to search the
+antiquities of his own country, and being well versed in the knowledge
+of its original languages, he applied himself with great diligence, and
+in a few years produced his edition of "Camden's Britannica," and
+concluded this branch of learning with "Reliquae Spelmannianae," or the
+posthumous works of Sir Henry Spelman, relating to the laws and
+antiquities of England, which, with a life of the author, he published
+at Oxford, in 1698, and dedicated his work to Archbishop Tenison. About
+this time he was taken as Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop's family,
+and soon afterwards was made Rector of Lambeth, and Archdeacon of
+Surrey. Upon the death of the Archbishop, in 1715, Dr. Wake, Bishop of
+Lincoln, succeeded him, and Dr. Gibson was appointed to that See; and
+Dr. Robinson also dying, in 1720, Gibson was appointed Bishop of London.
+The ministry were so sensible of his great abilities, that a sort of
+ecclesiastical ministry was committed to his charge for several years.
+He died on the 6th of September, 1748, with true Christian fortitude,
+and in perfect tranquillity of mind.
+
+[Sidenote: Haweswater lake.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. Thomas Gibson.]
+
+[Sidenote: An Antiquarian.]
+
+[Sidenote: Made Bishop of London.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.|  Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+    53|Bannel             to|Flint   |Hawarden  3|Mold       4|
+    31|Banbury[A] bo. & m.t.|Oxford  |Oxford   21|Woodstock 16|
+   +--+---------------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+    53|Bannel             to|Wrexham           10| 196 |   ...|
+    31|Banbury[A] bo. & m.t.|Southam           14|  76 |  5906|
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BANBURY is pleasantly situated on the small river Charwell, and its
+staple commodities seem to be cheese and cakes; the former, even in
+Shakspeare's time, appear to have been celebrated, for Bardolph, when
+accused by "Slender" of robbing him of his two milled sixpences,
+exclaims, "You Banbury cheese." The cakes have made this town more
+celebrated than even its political engagements. The castle of Banbury
+was founded in the year 1153, by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, and
+continued an episcopal residence till the reign of Henry VI. During the
+contentions between the houses of York and Lancaster, when civil discord
+was a familiar incident in this neighbourhood, Banbury suffered much;
+but more particularly in the memorable engagement, called "The Battle of
+Banbury," fought about three miles from the town, in 1469. It took place
+on a plane called Danesmoor, near Edgecote. The Earl of Warwick was the
+commander of the Lancasterian forces, and the Yorkists were led by the
+Earls of Stafford and Pembroke, who had possession of the town. After
+one of the most determined conflicts ever recorded, the Yorkists were
+routed; the Earl of Pembroke and his brother were both taken and
+beheaded, and Edward IV. himself made prisoner a few days after. In
+1642, the towns-people took part with the Parliament, but after the
+battle of Edgehill, this castle was taken by the royalists, under Sir
+William Compton, who defended it for 13 weeks against all the efforts of
+Sir John Fiennes, until the garrison was relieved by the Earl of
+Northampton. It suffered a further siege of 10 weeks, under Sir William
+Waller, and surrendered on honourable terms. Leland, who wrote in the
+Reign of Henry VIII., says, "In this castle is a terrible prison for
+convict men." A stone vault, with grated windows, and traces of the
+inner ditch, is supposed to have been the terrible prison alluded to,
+but very small remains exist in the present day. The free grammar-school
+is now wholly abandoned, and the school-house let out on lease by the
+corporation. This is much to be regretted, as it was formerly held in
+such high estimation, that the statutes of this establishment were taken
+as a model for St. Paul's school, London; and the statutes of the free
+grammar-school of Manchester, in 1524, ordain, that the grammar taught
+in that school, should be taught only "after the manner of the school at
+Banbury, in Oxfordshire, which is called Stanbridge's Grammar." Mr.
+Stanbridge, the celebrated grammarian alluded to, was a highly learned
+man, and tutor to Sir Thomas Pope. Adjoining the Ram Inn is a sulphurous
+well, and at a small distance from the town is a chalybeate spring. The
+pyrites aureus, or golden fire-stone, is frequently found in this
+neighbourhood. Among other interesting remains about the town is an
+ancient hospital, dedicated to St. John, now converted into a
+farm-house. This borough returns one member to parliament, as it did
+before the passing of the Reform Bill. The electors of the old
+constituency were but 18 in number, but the L10. householders are about
+365. The borough comprises the parish, and the returning-officer is the
+Mayor.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Thursday after Jan. 18, for cattle,
+   horses, and sheep: first Thursday in Lent; second Thursday before
+   Easter, cattle and sheep; Ascension Day; Thursday and Friday in
+   Trinity week; August 13, horses, cows, and sheep; Thursday after Old
+   Michaelmas, hogs and cheese; October 30; and second Thursday before
+   Christmas. Cheese, hops, and cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 4.15 morning;
+   departs 10.34 night.--_Bankers_, (Old Bank) Cobb and Co., draw on
+   Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Gibbons and Co., draw on Robarts and Co.;
+   Gillett and Co., draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Red Lion, and White
+   Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Cheese and cakes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Battle of Banbury.]
+
+[Sidenote: Once a celebrated grammar school.]
+
+[Sidenote: Electors.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  |  County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    50|Bangor[A] city & pa|Caernarvon|Caernarvon 9|Aberconway 15|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    50|Bangor[A] city & pa|Holyhead             24|  245|   4751|
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BANGOR, which signifies the beautiful choir, is a Bishop's See;
+compared to its former size, it is now but an inconsiderable place. It
+is seated at the mouth of the Menai, near its opening to the Lavan
+sands, in a narrow valley, between two low ridges of slate rock, opening
+to the south, towards the majestic mountain, Snowdon, which rises 3571
+feet above the level of the sea. Mr. Warner, the intelligent Welsh
+tourist, and his companion, spoke in raptures of this place. The beauty,
+repose, and retirement of the whole pleased them wonderfully. The latter
+observed, "If he were Bishop of Bangor, the only translation he would
+covet would be, thence to heaven." The former agreed with him, that
+"Were fate to throw him also into such a spot, very few attractions
+would have sufficient force to elicit him from it." They had "Never seen
+a place which united so many beauties in so narrow a circle." From this
+city the new road finds its way through a low pass in the adjacent
+ridge, and descends gently along the face of the sloping bank to the
+great bridge: this road is very smooth and well protected, and worthy of
+the magnificent scenery by which it is surrounded. Menai suspension
+bridge is distant about two miles and a half from Bangor. This noble
+bridge is substituted for the inconvenient ferry; it is 100 feet above
+the level of high water, even at spring tides. The cathedral is a low
+plain building, dedicated to St. Deiniol, to whom it owed its origin
+about the year 525, and he was elected the first bishop in 550. He was
+the son of Dinothus, Abbot of Bangor-iscoed, and reared under the
+auspices of a Welsh prince, patron of the bard Talliesin, and perhaps
+the most liberal prince of his time. In 1402 it was burnt down, during
+the rebellion of Owen Glendower; and what is rather singular, it was
+suffered to remain in ruins during the space of 90 years, when the choir
+was rebuilt by the Bishop in the reign of Henry VII. But that cruel
+ravager of ecclesiastical property, Bishop Bulkeley, not only alienated
+the lands belonging to the cathedral, but even had the audacity to sell
+the bells of the church. The choir is fitted up in a style of neat and
+simple elegance, and ornamented with an excellent organ, the gift of Dr.
+Thomas Lloyd, in 1779. The chapter consists of a dean, three
+archdeacons, two precentors, two vicars choral, six minor canons, six
+lay clerks, and eight choristers, with an income of L2,000. per annum.
+The windows of the cathedral were formerly very handsomely ornamented
+with stained glass, but in the civil wars of Charles I. the soldiers
+destroyed these, amongst other things. The most conspicuous monument in
+this building is that erected to the memory of Owen Gwynedd, one of the
+ancient princes of Wales. Here are several Dissenting meeting-houses,
+and the town is the resort of many visitors during the summer season;
+upwards of 50,000 annually are said to remain for longer or shorter
+periods. Steam-packets ply between this place and Liverpool.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, April 5; June 25; September 16; and
+   October 28.--_Mail_ arrives at Menai Bridge 4.15 morning; departs
+   8.32 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: The suspension bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cathedral.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.  |  County. |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+    53|Bangor[A] vil & pa|Flint     |Ellesmere    11|Overton    3|
+    27|Banham          pa|Norfolk   |East Harling  5|Buckenham  2|
+    45|Bank-Newton     to|W.R. York |Skipton       5|Settle    11|
+     9|Banks           to|Cumberland|Carlisle     13|Brampton   3|
+    27|Banningham      pa|Norfolk   |Aylesham      3|N. Walsham 5|
+    37|Banstead[B]     pa|Surrey    |Ewell         3|Croydon    6|
+    34|Banwell[C]      pa|Somerset  |Axbridge      4|Bristol   18|
+    21|Bapchild        pa|Kent      |Sittingbourne 2|Milton     3|
+    40|Barbon        chap|Westmorl. |Kirkby Lons.  3|Sedbergh   7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+---------------+------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+-----------+--------------+-----+------+
+    53|Bangor[A] vil & pa|Wrexham                  5|  174|  1389|
+    27|Banham          pa|Diss                     7|   92|  1297|
+    45|Bank-Newton     to|Burnley                 15|  221|   125|
+     9|Banks           to|Longtown                14|  314|   296|
+    27|Banningham      pa|Cromer                   9|  121|   369|
+    37|Banstead[B]     pa|Sutton                   3|   15|   991|
+    34|Banwell[C]      pa|Fensford                16|  130|  1623|
+    21|Bapchild        pa|Faversham                6|   41|   319|
+    40|Barbon        chap|Kendal                  11|  258|   318|
+   +--+------------------+--------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BANGOR ISCOED is situated on the banks of the river Dee, which here
+passes under a bridge of five arches. This place, at present very
+inconsiderable, is famed on account of having been the site of the most
+ancient monastery in the kingdom, founded by Lucius, the son of Coel,
+the first Christian King of Britain, sometime previous to the year 180.
+This abbey was remarkable for its valuable library, and the number of
+learned men trained within its venerable walls. Gildas Ninnius, who
+lived in the 7th century, was one of its abbots. He wrote in Latin an
+incorrect history of England, which is still extant. According to Speed,
+this monastery, in the year 596, contained no less than 2,400 monks, 100
+of which passed in their turns one hour of devotion; there are no
+remains of the monastery existing.
+
+[Sidenote: The first abbey established in Britain.]
+
+
+[B] BANSTEAD is celebrated for the excellent herbage which the
+neighbouring downs afford the sheep, which are highly prized for the
+delicate flavour of the mutton. There are many elegant seats in the
+vicinity, amongst which are Banstead House, Miss Motteux; Cold Blow
+Cottage, General Sir Edward Howorth; and the Oaks, the seat of the Earl
+of Derby. This celebrated villa was erected by a society of gentlemen,
+called the "Hunter's Club," and the present noble proprietor can
+accommodate his guests with more than 50 bed chambers; and a pack of
+hounds are kept on the establishment, which has been long noted for its
+hospitality. On the 26th of February, 1834, Mr. John Richardson, a
+farmer, returning from Epsom to Banstead, was robbed and murdered on
+these downs.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Earl of Derby.]
+
+
+[C] BANWELL is an agreeable village, situated under the northern
+declivity of the Mendip hills, and is supposed to derive its name from a
+spring strongly impregnated with mineral properties, which expands into
+a fine sheet of water, and after turning two mills, empties itself into
+the channel near the ruins of Woodspring Priory. The church, which is a
+fine specimen of the florid gothic of the Tudor age, contains a richly
+carved screen and rood loft, a beautiful sculptured stone pulpit, and
+several windows of the richest stained glass. This manor has been in the
+possession of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, from the reign of Edward
+the Confessor, with little exception, till the present time. They had
+for many centuries a palace here, but nothing of it remains except a
+private residence called Banwell Court, still interesting for its
+antiquity. The park has been divided into enclosures, which afford at
+every point a most pleasing variety of landscapes. The Bishop of Bath
+and Wells has also a cottage ornee, for the accommodation of his family
+and of the numerous visitors which are driven hither to view the two
+singular caverns which have been discovered of late years in this
+neighbourhood. The monastery of Banwell was founded by the early Saxon
+monarchs. Asserius, or Asser, the scholar and biographer of King Alfred,
+was made Abbot by that monarch. This Abbey was destroyed by the Danes;
+it was afterwards restored, but never recovered its pristine importance;
+for instead of arriving at the point of prosperity usual in Royal
+foundations, it sunk into obscurity long prior to the dissolution of
+religious houses. Banwell is remarkable for two extraordinary caverns
+discovered in the year 1824, which occasioned no inconsiderable number
+of the curious to resort to the village. They were first discovered by
+some workmen digging a shaft in search of Calamine, which intersected a
+steep narrow fissure; after they had descended about 80 feet it opened
+into a spacious cavern, 150 feet long and 30 broad, and about 30 feet
+high. This is called the stalactite cavern, from the beautiful specimens
+of crystalized stalactite, which lay covering huge fragments of rock
+about the floor. In this place were found two pieces of candle,
+encrusted with lime, supposed to have been left by the miners after
+working for ochre, calamine, &c. A rich vein of iron ore, with some
+cobalt and manganese, was also discovered, the working of which has long
+since commenced, and the produce is conveyed to the smelting works on
+the southern coast of Wales. The workmen, in order to facilitate an
+easier method of entrance, opened another fissure lower in the rock,
+when suddenly another cavern presented itself, the floor of which was
+covered with a mass of sand, limestone, teeth, bones, &c. Professor
+Buckland, who surveyed this place, states, that a shaft being driven
+into this mass, proved it to have been nearly 40 feet deep. The bones
+consisted of various specimens of the ox tribe, including the elk.
+Skeletons of the wolf, and a gigantic bear, in point of preservation,
+like what are to be found in ordinary churchyards--supposed to be of
+antediluvian origin, where found here. In the roof of the cave is a
+large chimney-like shaft, formerly rising to the surface, but now
+blocked up by fragments of limestone, mud, and sand, adhering together
+by incrustation, and through which dreadful pitfall, it is presumed,
+this immense number of beasts were precipitated at the great inundation.
+The rubbish has been partially cleared, and the bones are used to
+decorate the sides of the walls. A British earthwork crowns the summit
+of the neighbouring eminence, enclosing, within its irregular rampart,
+an area of about 20 acres; and, about a quarter of a mile further, is an
+entrenchment nearly square, the ground in the centre of which is
+elevated in the form of a cross.
+
+   _Fairs_, Jan. 18, and July 18, for cattle, sheep, and cheese.
+
+[Sidenote: Formerly a Bishop's Palace.]
+
+[Sidenote: Extraordinary caverns.]
+
+[Sidenote: Antediluvian bones.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.   | County. |   Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+----------+---------------+
+    28|Barby                pa|Northamp |Daventry 6|Welford      11|
+    39|Barcheston           pa|Warwick  |Shipston 2|Kineton       9|
+    38|Barcombe             pa|Sussex   |Lewes    3|Uckfield      6|
+    44|Barden               pa|N.R. York|Leyburn  3|Richmond      4|
+    44|Barden        to & chap|W.R. York|Skipton  8|Paitley Brid. 9|
+    14|Bardfield,(Great)[A] pa|Essex    |Thaxted  5|Dunmow        7|
+    14|Bardfield-Saling     pa|Essex    |         4|              7|
+    24|Bardney[B]           pa|Lincoln  |Lincoln 12|Horncastle    9|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+----------+---------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+---------+
+    28|Barby                pa|Crick              4|   78|      637|
+    39|Barcheston           pa|L. Compton         5|   83|      198|
+    38|Barcombe             pa|Brighton          11|   48|      931|
+    44|Barden               pa|Bedale             8|  231|      106|
+    44|Barden        to & chap|Otley             13|  218|      214|
+    14|Bardfield,(Great)[A] pa|Haverhill         10|   48|     1029|
+    14|Bardfield-Saling     pa|                  10|   48|      359|
+    24|Bardney[B]           pa|Wragby             9|  136|     1098|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BARDFIELD, (Great.) _Market_, formerly Tuesday (now
+disused.)--_Fair_, June 22, for cattle and toys.
+
+
+[B] BARDNEY, anciently Beardanam, is situated in a marsh on the north
+bank of the river Witham. An abbey was founded in the time of the
+Saxons, prior to the year 641. Here Ethelred, divesting himself of the
+splendour of royalty, retired to devote his days to religion, and became
+superior of the monastery. King Oswald is said to have been buried here,
+but the body was afterwards removed to the church of Gloucester. The
+hand was retained by the monks as a relique, to which they ascribed the
+power of working miracles, and for a long period imposed upon the
+credulity of superstitious pilgrims. In the year 870 the monastery was
+burned by the Danes, but was afterwards rebuilt by Gilbert De Gaunt,
+Earl of Lincoln, who annexed to it several extensive estates. At the
+dissolution its annual revenues were estimated at L429. 7s.
+
+[Sidenote: King Oswald buried here.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+    23|Bardon Park         to|Leicester |Leicester 9|Loughboro' 5|
+    22|Bardsea             to|Lancaster |Ulverston 3|Dalton     5|
+    50|Bardsey Isle[A]       |Caernarvon|Aberdaron 4|Pwllheli  20|
+    45|Bardsey[B]     to & pa|W.R. York |Wetherby  5|Leeds      9|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+    23|Bardon Park         to|Ashby                9|  107|     65|
+    22|Bardsea             to|Cartmel              8|  276|    ...|
+    50|Bardsey Isle[A]       |Nevin               18|  256|     84|
+    45|Bardsey[B]     to & pa|Tadcaster            8|  193|    331|
+   +--+----------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARDSEY ISLE, is near the south-east point of the promontory of
+Llyn, in Caernarvonshire: it is of a moderate elevation; in length two
+miles, and in breadth one. The third part of its contents of 370 acres,
+occupied by a high mountain, affords sustenance to a few sheep and
+rabbits. It is about a league distant from the main land, and only
+accessible to the mariner on its south-east side, where there is a small
+well-sheltered harbour. There is no reptile ever seen on this island,
+except the common water-lizard. The soil is clayey, but produces
+excellent barley and wheat. The inhabitants are employed in cultivating
+the land, and in fishing. The abbot's house is a large stone building,
+occupied by several families, and near it is a singular chapel, or
+oratory, being a long arched edifice, with a insolated stone altar near
+the east end. Dubricius, archbishop of Caerleon, almost worn out with
+age, resigned his see to St. David, retired here, and died in 522. He
+was interred upon the spot, but such was the veneration paid to his
+memory in after ages, that about the year 1107, his remains were
+removed, by the procurement of Urban, then Bishop of Llandaff, and
+re-interred in the cathedral of that see, of which he had been the first
+bishop. St. Dubricius was a man of singular eminence for learning and
+piety. He was Archbishop of Caerleon, and Metropolitan of all Wales, in
+the time of Aurelius Ambrosius; and prior to this elevation, he taught a
+school on the banks of his native river, which was much resorted to from
+all Christian countries.
+
+[Sidenote: No reptiles on this island.]
+
+[Sidenote: St. Dubricius.]
+
+
+[B] BARDSEY, comprises the township of Bardsey, with Rigton and
+Wathersome. Near the church is a mound called Castle Hill, supposed to
+have been the site of a Roman fortress. At Bardsey Grange, in this
+parish, resided occasionally, and died, Francis Thorpe, the tyrannical
+Baron of the Exchequer; but the same house is rendered memorable as the
+birth place of the poet Congreve, in 1670. This clever and celebrated
+poet, was baptised in the church of this village in the month of
+February of the same year. When an infant he was carried to Kilkenny, by
+his father, who had the command of the army there. He received his
+education in the school of Kilkenny, and from these circumstances it is
+probable that persons had fallen into the erroneous impression that
+Congreve was a native of Ireland. In 1685 he was admitted into the
+university of Dublin. In 1691 he became a member of the society of the
+Middle Temple, but soon relinquished the dry study of the Law. At the
+age of twenty-one, he published his novel called "Incognita," or, "Love
+and Duty Reconciled." Soon afterwards, he brought out the Comedy, called
+"The Old Bachelor," of which Dryden says, "he never saw such a first
+play in his life;" it was performed in 1793, with the most unbounded
+applause. Lord Falkland wrote the prologue. The singular success and
+merits of this production, recommended him to the patronage and notice
+of the Earl of Halifax, who settled him in an office of six hundred a
+year, and during his life patronised him in every way he could. His next
+piece was "The Double Dealer." On the death of Queen Mary, in 1693, he
+wrote a Pastoral on the occasion, entitled "The Mourning Muse of
+Alexis," upon the appearance of which King William, her husband, granted
+him an annuity of L100. per annum. In 1695, he produced his Comedy,
+called "Love for Love;" and in 1697, the beautiful Tragedy of "The
+Mourning Bride." Having lived a high and honorable life amongst the most
+celebrated wits and classical men of the age, he died at his house in
+Surrey-street, in the Strand, January 19, 1729. On the 26th his corpse
+lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, at Westminster, and the same
+evening was carried into Henry the Seventh's Chapel, and afterwards
+buried in the Abbey. His pall was supported by the Duke of Bridgewater,
+Earl Godolphin, Lord Cobham, Lord Wilmington, Hon. George Berkeley,
+Esq., and Brigadier-General Churchill. Dr. Johnson says, "He has merit
+of the highest kind; he is an original writer, who borrowed neither the
+models of his plot, nor the manner of his dialogue." And Voltaire
+remarks, "That he raised the glory of comedy to a greater height than
+any English writer before or since his time."
+
+[Sidenote: Birth-place of Congreve, the poet.]
+
+[Sidenote: His works.]
+
+[Sidenote: Died in Surrey-st., London.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County. |Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+    36|Bardwell             pa|Suffolk  |Bury      10|Ixworth      3|
+    22|Bare                 to|Lancaster|Lancaster  3|Burton      10|
+    23|Baresley             to|Leicester|Leicester 10|Melton       8|
+    27|Barford              pa|Norfolk  |Wymondham  5|Dereham     13|
+    39|Barford              pa|Warwick  |Warwick    3|Stratford    7|
+    31|Barford,(Great)[A]   pa|Bedford  |Bedford    6|St. Neots    7|
+     3|Barford,(Great)      pa|Oxford   |Deddington 2|Banbury      6|
+     3|Barford,(Little)[B]  pa|Bedford  |St. Neots  3|Potton       7|
+    31|Barford, St. John's, ch|Oxford   |Deddington 3|Banbury      5|
+    41|Barford, St. Martin, pa|Wilts    |Wilton     3|Salisbury    6|
+    43|Barforth             to|N.R. York|Richmond  10|Barnard Cas 10|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    36|Bardwell             pa|Thetford             9|   80|     799|
+    22|Bare                 to|K. Lonsdale         14|  243|     110|
+    23|Baresley             to|M. Sorrel           10|  105|     ...|
+    27|Barford              pa|Norwich             10|  105|     420|
+    39|Barford              pa|Kineton              8|   92|     748|
+    31|Barford,(Great)[A]   pa|Potton               7|   53|     731|
+     3|Barford,(Great)      pa|Chip Norton         11|   71|     350|
+     3|Barford,(Little)[B]  pa|Biggleswade          9|   54|     176|
+    31|Barford, St. John's, ch|Chip Norton         11|   72|     131|
+    41|Barford, St. Martin, pa|Hindon              10|   87|     570|
+    43|Barforth             to|Darlington           9|  243|     128|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BARFORD, (Great). At this place is a piece of land, called White
+Bread Close, left, as is generally believed, by one of the Shepherd
+family, formerly residents of considerable opulence in the parish, for
+the purpose of purchasing loaves of white bread, to be thrown among the
+populace from the church porch. This whimsical custom at last became
+such a scene of scrambling, fighting, and disorder, that it was
+prohibited by the curate, and the money applied towards the purchase of
+coals for the poor, at Christmas. The boys, and even men, seemed to have
+participated in this sport, the same as at a game at foot-ball, or other
+play; and an old gentleman in the adjoining village fully remembers
+taking an active part in the scramble, and bearing off the wheaten loaf
+in triumph.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious custom.]
+
+
+[B] BARFORD, (Little), is situated in the hundred of Biggleswade, and is
+chiefly celebrated as the birth-place of Rowe, the dramatic poet, who
+was born here in the year 1673. His father having designed him for the
+study of the law, took him from school at the age of sixteen, and
+entered him a student in the Middle Temple. He made considerable
+progress, and was called to the bar, but Homer and Virgil had more
+charms for him than either Coke or Littleton. He was strongly solicited
+by his friends to practice, but nothing could overcome his affection for
+the muses; and his play, the "Ambitious Step-mother," having been
+received with great applause, he resolved to make poetry his profession.
+He had imbibed in his youth the most noble sentiments of liberty, of
+which he gave a specimen in his Tragedy of "Tamerlane." This was the
+second play that he wrote, and until of late years it was usual to
+perform it on the 4th and 5th of November, in commemoration of the
+gunpowder treason, and the landing of King William. Mr. Rowe being out
+of all employment, went one day to wait on the Earl of Oxford, Lord High
+Treasurer of England, when, among other things his Lordship asked him,
+whether he understood Spanish. He replied in the negative, and his
+Lordship said he would advise him to learn it as soon as possible. Rowe
+took his leave, applied himself to the study of that language, and
+expecting some lucrative employment, again waited upon him. How great
+was his disappointment, when his Lordship, on being informed of his
+acquisition, merely exclaimed, "How happy are you, Mr. Rowe, that you
+can now enjoy the pleasure of reading "Don Quixote" in the original!"
+His death took place on the 6th of December, 1718, in the 45th year of
+his age, and he was buried with great funeral pomp, in Westminster
+Abbey, where a handsome monument is erected to his memory.
+
+[Sidenote: Rowe, the Dramatist.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.  |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    21|Barfreston        pa|Kent      |Wingham    6|Dover       8|
+    19|Barham            pa|Huntingdon|Kimbolton  6|Alconbury   4|
+    21|Barham            pa|Kent      |Canterbury 7|Dover       9|
+    36|Barham            pa|Suffolk   |Ipswich    5|Needham     5|
+    24|Barholm           pa|Lincoln   |M. Deeping 4|Stamford    6|
+    23|Barkby            pa|Leicester |Leicester  5|Melton     11|
+    23|Barkby-Thorpe     to|Leicester |           4|           12|
+     4|Barkham           pa|Berks     |Wokingham  4|Reading     7|
+    14|Barking[A] m.t. & pa|Essex     |Romford    5|Woolwich    4|
+    36|Barking           pa|Suffolk   |Needham Mt 1|Stow Market 4|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    21|Barfreston        pa|Canterbury           10|   65|    114|
+    19|Barham            pa|Huntingdon           10|   68|     73|
+    21|Barham            pa|Sandwich             11|   62|   1053|
+    36|Barham            pa|Debenham              9|   74|    825|
+    24|Barholm           pa|Bourn                 8|   94|    155|
+    23|Barkby            pa|Houghton              5|  100|    806|
+    23|Barkby-Thorpe     to|                      5|  100|     72|
+     4|Barkham           pa|Bagshot              11|   35|    247|
+    14|Barking[A] m.t. & pa|Ilford                2|    7|   8036|
+    36|Barking           pa|Ipswich              10|   70|   1884|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARKING, in the hundred of Beacontree. The name is derived,
+according to some writers, from the Saxon words Beorce--a birch tree,
+and Ing--a meadow; but the most natural presumption is, that it takes
+its name from Berging, signifying a fortification in a meadow, and which
+seems to be borne out, as there is an encampment still to be traced, of
+the most extensive dimensions, being more than forty-eight acres in the
+area; near to which is a spring of fine water, which no doubt supplied
+the inmates. In 870, Barking was burnt by the Danes, and the abbey
+destroyed, and the nuns either murdered or dispersed. Soon after the
+conquest, King William retired to this place, while the Tower of London
+was being erected, not deeming it safe to continue in that city; and
+here he was visited during the preparation for his coronation, by Earl
+Edwin, of Mercia; Morcar, Earl of Northumberland; and many others of the
+nobility, who swore fealty to him, on the restoration of their estates.
+It is situated on the river Roding, which branches off in two different
+streams, and unites with the Thames about two miles distant. Barking
+Creek is navigable for ships of 80 tons burden, and the coal and timber,
+together with the fishing trade, is carried on to a considerable extent.
+About a hundred fishing smacks sail from this town. Near the creek is a
+large flour mill, formerly belonging to the abbey; and in the vicinity
+of the town are extensive potatoe grounds for the supply of the London
+market. Barking is rather a dull town, from the want of a main
+thoroughfare; it has the appearance of antiquity stamped upon it,
+particularly the market-house, which is an extensive and ancient
+building of timber and plaster, of the age of Elizabeth. Here is a
+town-hall and work-house. A free quay for landing goods, subject to a
+table of regulations, and a spacious new road from the Commercial-road,
+through Eastham and Wallend to Barking. The church is dedicated to St.
+Margaret, and is a spacious ancient structure, with a lofty embattled
+tower at the west end, having a beacon turret at one corner. A
+free-school, which now occupies part of the work-house, was founded by
+Sir James Campbell, in 1641, who bequeathed a sum of L666. 13s. 4d. for
+that purpose. John Fowke, Esq., bequeathed certain lands for the
+maintenance of eight boys in Christ's Hospital, two of whom are chosen
+from this parish. The importance formerly attached to the town of
+Barking was almost entirely to be attributed to the magnificent abbey
+that was established here in the year 670, by Erkenwald, Bishop of
+London, for nuns of the Benedictine order: it was dedicated to the
+Virgin Mary. This abbey was governed by a succession of Abbesses, of
+noble, and even royal descent After the destruction of the establishment
+by the Danes, in the year 870, it was again rebuilt in a style of
+greater splendour than before, and on the death of King Edgar, in 970,
+his queen became Abbess. From the earliest period to the time of its
+dissolution, it may be said to have been a seminary for the principal
+gentry of England. Its revenues amounted, at the suppression of the
+religious houses, to L1084. 6s. 2-3/4d. Destruction has done its worst
+to this beautiful abbey, for at present little or nothing remains but
+the gateway, an interesting object, and in good preservation; over which
+is a room, called the Chapel of the Holy Ghost. This gateway was
+denominated the fire-bell gate, from its having anciently contained the
+curfew; it is a square embattled structure, with an octagonal turret at
+one of the angles. The arch of the entrance is finely pointed, and
+enriched with deeply receding mouldings; above is a canopied niche,
+under a fine gothic window of three lights. Among the ruins of the abbey
+were discovered a fibula, and a gold ring, on which were engraved, the
+Salutation of the Virgin Mary, and the initials I.M. The tyranny
+exercised over the tenants of this manor by the fraternity, would almost
+create a feeling of surprise in our present liberal and enlightened age,
+were they not perfectly well known in a thousand other instances. The
+manor of Clayhall was held under the Abbess and convent of Barking, by
+the following services: viz. that every tenant should come in person to
+the Abbey Church, on the vigil of St. Ethelburg the Virgin, and there
+attend and guard the high altar, from the first hours of Vespers till
+nine the next morning; and that he should be ready at all times, with a
+horse and a man, to attend the Abbess and her steward, when going upon
+the business of the convent, any where within the four seas. And,
+lastly, that the Abbess should have by way of herriot, upon the death of
+every tenant, his best horse and accoutrements: these services, however,
+did not exempt them from the quit rents. Besides the above tenure, there
+were other vexatious contingencies; viz. one (Robert Gerard) was among
+other services, to gather a full measure of nuts, called a pybot, four
+of which should make a bushel; to go a long journey on foot once a year
+to Colchester, Chelmsford, Ely, or the like distances, on the business
+of the convent, carrying a pack; and other shorter distances, such as
+Brentford, &c., and maintaining himself upon the road. He was to pay a
+fine upon the marriage of his daughter, if she married beyond the limits
+of the manor. If his daughter had an illegitimate child, he was to make
+the best terms he could with the Abbess, for the fine called Kyldwyte.
+It appears also, that he could not even sell his ox fed by himself,
+without the Abbess's permission. Some of the tenants, according to
+Blount, were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the Abbess's prison.
+A few miles distant, in a glade in Hainhault Forest, formerly stood an
+oak, famed through many centuries, and known by the name of Fairlop Oak.
+Its age is traced by the traditions of the country half way through the
+Christian era. Part of this noble tree has been converted into the
+pulpit of St. Pancras new church. Its rough fluted stem was 36 feet in
+circumference, and about a yard from the ground, divided into eleven
+immense arms; yet not in the horizontal manner of an oak, but rather
+that of a beech. Beneath its shade, which formerly overspread an area of
+three hundred feet in circuit, an annual fair was held on the 2nd of
+July, and no booth was suffered to be raised beyond the extent of its
+boughs. The fair is still continued on the same spot the first Friday in
+July.
+
+   _Market_ disused.--_Fair_, October 22, for toys. It lies within the
+   three-penny post delivery.
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of its name.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by the Danes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Once a town of importance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Singular services by which the manor of Clayhall was held.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fairlop oak.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+-------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+    45|Barkisland       to|W.R. York|Halifax      4|Huddersfield 8|
+    23|Barkston         pa|Leicester|Melton      12|Belvoir Cas. 4|
+    24|Barkstone        pa|Lincoln  |Grantham     4|Sleaford     9|
+    46|Barkstone Ash    to|W.R. York|Tadcaster    6|Abberford    5|
+    18|Barkway     to & pa|Herts    |Hertford    15|Puckeridge   8|
+    24|Barkwith, East   pa|Lincoln  |Wragby       3|M. Raisin    8|
+    24|Barkwith, West   pa|Lincoln  |             3|             8|
+    35|Barlaston        pa|Stafford |Stone        4|Newcastle    6|
+    38|Barlavington     pa|Sussex   |Petworth     5|Chichester  12|
+    10|Barlborough      pa|Derby    |Chesterfield 8|Worksop      7|
+    46|Barlby         chap|E.R. York|Selby        2|York        13|
+    23|Barleston      chap|Leicester|Bosworth     3|Leicester   12|
+    18|Barley           pa|Herts    |Barkway      3|Cambridge   14|
+    22|Barley           to|Lancaster|Colne        5|Clitheroe    5|
+    32|Barleythorpe   chap|Rutland  |Oakham       2|Melton       9|
+    14|Barling          pa|Essex    |Prittlewell  5|Rochford     5|
+    24|Barlings         pa|Lincoln  |Lincoln      7|Wragby       4|
+    46|Barlow           to|W.R. York|Selby        3|Snaith       6|
+    10|Barlow, Great  chap|Derby    |Chesterfield 4|Dronfield    3|
+    10|Barlow, Little   to|Derby    |             5|             3|
+   +--+-------------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    45|Barkisland       to|Rochdale              13|  196|    2292|
+    23|Barkston         pa|Bingham                7|  115|     297|
+    24|Barkstone        pa|Folkingham            11|  114|     430|
+    46|Barkstone Ash    to|York                  15|  185|     265|
+    18|Barkway     to & pa|Cambridge             17|   35|    1108|
+    24|Barkwith, East   pa|Louth                 12|  147|     187|
+    24|Barkwith, West   pa|                      11|  146|     113|
+    35|Barlaston        pa|Cheadle                8|  145|     514|
+    38|Barlavington     pa|Arundel                8|   54|     111|
+    10|Barlborough      pa|Sheffield             17|  150|     713|
+    46|Barlby         chap|Howden                12|  183|     348|
+    23|Barleston      chap|Ashby                  9|  109|     582|
+    18|Barley           pa|Ware                  16|   37|     704|
+    22|Barley           to|Burnley                5|  217|     707|
+    32|Barleythorpe   chap|Stamford              13|   96|     ...|
+    14|Barling          pa|Southend               6|   45|     317|
+    24|Barlings         pa|Bardney                8|  140|     280|
+    46|Barlow           to|Howden                 8|  179|     225|
+    10|Barlow, Great  chap|Sheffield             10|  154|     581|
+    10|Barlow, Little   to|                      10|  155|      58|
+   +--+-------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County. |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    46|Barmby on the M.   chap|E.R. York|Howden      5|Selby       6|
+    46|Barnby on Don   to & pa|W.R. York|Doncaster   6|Thorne      7|
+    46|Barmby on Moor,  to & p|E.R. York|Pocklington 2|York       11|
+    53|Barmele              to|Flint    |Chester     7|Holywell   12|
+    27|Barmer               pa|Norfolk  |Burnham     6|Fakenham    7|
+    21|Barming[A]           pa|Kent     |Maidstone   3|Tonbridge  11|
+    55|Barmouth[B]          to|Merioneth|Dolgelly   10|Harleigh   11|
+    13|Barmpton             to|Durham   |Darlington  3|Stockton    9|
+    13|Barmston             to|Durham   |Sunderland  5|Durham     10|
+    43|Barmston             pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 7|Driffield  10|
+    39|Barnacle            ham|Warwick  |Nuneaton    5|Coventry    7|
+    30|Barnack              pa|Northamp |Wansford    4|Stamford    4|
+    22|Barnaker             to|Lancaster|Garstang    3|Lancaster  12|
+    13|Barnard Castle[C] t & p|Durham   |Middleton  10|Darlington 17|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    46|Barmby on the M.   chap|Snaith                6|  180|    525|
+    46|Barnby on Don   to & pa|                      9|  168|    617|
+    46|Barmby on Moor,  to & p|M. Weighton           8|  210|    440|
+    53|Barmele              to|Flint                 8|  196|    115|
+    27|Barmer               pa|Lynn                 18|  115|     43|
+    21|Barming[A]           pa|Chatham              13|   33|    565|
+    55|Barmouth[B]          to|Towyn                11|  222   |1980|
+    13|Barmpton             to|Durham               18|  244|     90|
+    13|Barmston             to|Newcastle             7|  269|     73|
+    43|Barmston             pa|Hornsea               8|  200|    223|
+    39|Barnacle            ham|Rugby                12|   95|    219|
+    30|Barnack              pa|Peterboro'           11|   88|    812|
+    22|Barnaker             to|Preston              15|  232|    519|
+    13|Barnard Castle[C] t & p|Staindrop             6|  246|   4430|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARMING. Of this village the learned antiquarian, Mark Noble, was
+rector. His principal works were a history of the College of Arms, a
+Genealogical History of the Royal Families of Europe, Memoirs of the
+Protectorate House of Cromwell; and, also, of the illustrious house of
+Medici. On St. Thomas's Day there is an annual solicitation for charity,
+and with the money raised loaves of bread are purchased, and distributed
+to the resident poor. Great quantities of hops, cherries, and filberts,
+are grown in this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Mark Noble.]
+
+
+[B] BARMOUTH, near the conflux of the river Maw, or Mawddach, is a
+village singularly situated; the houses are disposed, either among the
+sand, in a low situation, or at different heights on the side of a huge
+rock, like a part of the city of Edinburgh, and are said to resemble the
+town of Gibraltar. These houses form eight tiers, to which there is no
+approach, but by steps cut in the rock. The floors of one row are about
+level with the tops of the chimnies immediately in front; so that a
+person standing at his door may look down the chimnies of the
+neighbourhood below. The first range regales the second with its smoke,
+the second the third, &c. till we arrive at the uppermost, which, in a
+westerly wind, takes the mixed perfume of all. Barmouth is the port of
+Merionethshire, not far from which the river Mawddach has its
+commencement. "Proceeding along the banks of this river towards
+Dolgelly," says Mr. Bingley, "when it was high water, the whole bed of
+the river being filled, made the different landscapes in the scene
+appear truly picturesque. The first two miles which lay along, what the
+inhabitants of Barmouth call, the Beach, formed the most interesting
+part of the journey. In the composition of the views, scarcely any thing
+appeared wanting; there was every requisite of mountain and vale, wood,
+water, meadows, and rocks, arranged in beautiful order. Beyond the
+beach, the road winds at a little distance from the river, among the low
+mountains; and from different stations, I had views of the most elegant
+and picturesque landscapes, the river partly hidden by intervening
+mountains. This stream is much diminished in width and depth: at present
+it will not admit so much as a pleasure-boat to reach Dolgelly, which
+obliges company to walk three-quarters of a mile to the town."
+
+[Sidenote: A very curiously built town.]
+
+
+[C] BARNARD CASTLE. The castle from which the town appears to have
+derived its name, was founded by Barnard, son of Guy Baliol, who
+accompanied William the Conqueror to England, and to whom William Rufus
+granted the noble forests of Teesdale and Marwood. Edward the First,
+determined to mortify the Bishop of Durham and to abridge his power; he,
+therefore, gave this castle to Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in whose
+family it continued for five generations. It afterwards came to the
+crown, and the tyrant Richard III. who took very great delight in this
+place, contributed much to its beauty by the most tasteful
+embellishments; his armorial bearings still appear, not only on the
+castle but over many parts of the town, and it has been a crown domain
+ever since. Hutchinson in his history of the county of Durham, describes
+the remains of the castle as covering about six acres and three quarters
+of ground. The parts which were of chief strength, stand on the very
+brink of a steep rock, about eighty feet above the level of the river
+Tees, commanding a most beautiful prospect up the river. The area on the
+side of the market-place, appears not to have had any communication with
+the chief strongholds and bulwarks of the fortress, and is separated
+from the interior buildings by a deep fosse which surrounds the rest of
+the castle. In an adjoining ground called the Flatts, is a large
+reservoir cut in swampy ground; water was collected and conveyed to the
+castle in pipes, to supply the garrison and cattle enclosed within the
+walls of the outer areas in times of public danger. This area is now a
+pasture for sheep, and other parts enclosed by the walls have been
+converted into orchards.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday in Easter and Whitsun Week,
+   St. James's Day, and July 25, for horses, cattle, and
+   sheep.--_Bankers_, W. Skinner and Co. draw on Barclay and
+   Co.--_Inns_, King's Head, and Rose and Crown.--_Mail_ arrives 6.40
+   morning; departs 2.40 afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Guy Baliol.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |   Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
+    36|Barnardiston   pa|Suffolk   |Clare        4|Haverhill 4|
+    45|Barnbow        to|W.R. York |Leeds        6|Tadcaster 9|
+    45|Barnbrough[A]  pa|W.R. York |Doncaster    7|Rotherham 8|
+    36|Barnby         pa|Suffolk   |Beccles      4|Lowestoft 7|
+    43|Barnby         to|N.R. York |Whitby       5|Guisboro 16|
+    30|Barnby-on-Moor to|Nottingham|East Retford 3|Bawtry    5|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+    36|Barnardiston   pa|Newmarket              12|   59|  206|
+    45|Barnbow        to|Abberford               4|  190|     |
+    45|Barnbrough[A]  pa|Barnsley               10|  167|  520|
+    36|Barnby         pa|Bungay                 11|  111|  303|
+    43|Barnby         to|Scarborough            23|  238|  224|
+    30|Barnby-on-Moor to|Blyth                   3|  148|  206|
+   +--+-----------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BARNBROUGH. The church is dedicated to Saint Peter, and contains a
+rude painting commemorative of "a serious contest that took place
+between a man and a wild cat." This conflict, which every body in
+Barnbrough firmly believes, is said to have occurred about the middle of
+the fifteenth century, between Percival Cresacre, lord of the manor, and
+a wild cat o' mountain. He is reported to have been attacked in one of
+the little woods in the neighbourhood, by this furious animal, and a
+running fight was kept up till they reached the church porch, where the
+mortal combat ended in the death of both. That some such circumstance
+did occur, is conjectured from the crest which the family afterwards
+adopted, viz. a cat o' mountain, which is still to be seen on the tower
+of the church; and the tradition is said to be further confirmed by the
+figure of an animal at the foot of the oak statue of this Cresacre, and
+also a rubiginous stone in the pavement of the porch of the church. We
+have many evidences in history that cats were beasts of chase,
+particularly in the charter of Ranulph Piperking, granted by Edward the
+Confessor:--
+
+   Hart and hind, doe and bock,
+   Fox and cat, hare and brock.
+
+and again,
+
+   Four greyhounds and six raches,
+   For hare and fox and wild cates.
+
+In the church is an ancient monument of Alicia Cresacre, wife of the
+above gentleman, who died in 1450, on which is carved in old text:--
+
+   Our bodys in stonys lye full still,
+   Our saulys in wandyr at Godys will.
+
+In the north chancel is the monument of Percival Cresacre, a richly
+decorated altar-tomb under a flat arch, at the crown of which is the
+family arms, viz. three lions rampant, purple, on a gold shield. The
+effigies of Cresacre is in fine preservation, composed of carved oak,
+and representing a knight in a suite of plate armour, with his arms
+painted on a shield, and an animal (supposed to be a lion) at his feet.
+His sword which hung from his belt has been taken away, and both
+monuments are decorated with the favorite device of the family, a rosary
+of beads.
+
+[Sidenote: Contest between the lord of the manor and a wild cat.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.  |Number of Miles From |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+
+    30|Barnby-in-Willows pa|Nottingham|Newark   4|Lincoln 16|
+    37|Barnes            pa|Surrey    |Kingston 6|Chiswick 2|
+    37|Barn-Elms[A]     ham|Surrey    | ...     6|  ...    2|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+    30|Barnby-in-Willows pa|Grantham           14|  124| 237|
+    37|Barnes            pa|Wandsworth          3|    5|1417|
+    37|Barn-Elms[A]     ham|  ...               3|    5|    |
+   +--+--------------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BARN-ELMS. On the adjoining common stood the house in which the
+members of the celebrated Kit Cat Club assembled. Their original place
+of meeting was in London, but Jacob Tonson, the bookseller, who was
+their secretary, caused it to be transferred to a house belonging to
+himself, at Barn-Elms, and built a handsome room for their
+accommodation. The portrait of each member was painted by Sir Godfrey
+Kneller, but the apartment not being sufficiently large to receive
+half-length pictures, a shorter canvas was adopted, and hence proceeded
+the technical term of Kit Cat size. We give a further account of this
+club from the graphic pen of Sir Richard Phillips, in his "Morning's
+Walk from London to Kew," 1817. "A lane in the north-west corner of the
+common brought me to Barn-Elms, where now resides a Mr. Hoare, a banker,
+of London. The family were from home, and I had some difficulty to gain
+admittance, the servants knowing nothing either of the club, or its
+former occupant. A walk covered with docks, thistles, nettles, and high
+grass, led from the remains of a gateway in the garden wall to the door
+which opened into the building. Ah! thought I, through this desolate
+avenue, the finest geniuses in England daily proceeded to meet their
+friends. Yet, within a century, how changed--how deserted--how
+revolting! A cold chill seized me as the man unfastened the decayed
+door, and I beheld the once elegant hall filled with cobwebs, a fallen
+ceiling, and accumulating rubbish. The door on the left led to a
+spacious, and once superb, staircase--now in ruins. The entire building,
+for want of ventilation, having become food for the fungus, called
+dry-rot, the timbers had lost its cohesive powers. I ascended the
+staircase, therefore, with a degree of danger to which my conductor
+would not expose himself, but was well requited for my pains. Here I
+found the Kit-Cat Club-room, nearly as it existed in the days of its
+glory. It is 18 feet high, and 40 feet long, by 20 wide. The mouldings
+and ornaments were in the most superb fashion of its age, but the whole
+was falling to pieces from the effects of the dry-rot. My attention was
+chiefly attracted by the faded cloth-hangings of the room, whose red
+colour once set off the famous portraits of the club that hung around
+it. Their marks and sizes were still visible, and their numbers and
+names remained, as written in chalk for the guidance of the hanger. Thus
+was I, as it were, brought into contact with Addison and Steele, and
+Congreve, and Garth, and Dryden, and with many hereditary nobles,
+remembered only because they were patrons of those natural nobles. I
+read their names aloud--I invoked their departed spirits--I was appalled
+by the echo of my own voice. The holes in the floor, the forest of
+cobwebs in the windows, and a swallow's nest in the corner of the
+ceiling, proclaimed that I was viewing a vision of the dreamers of a
+past age; that I saw realized before me the speaking vanities of the
+anxious career of man. On rejoining Mr. Hoare's servant in the hall
+below, he informed me that his master intended to pull the building
+down, and form of it a riding-house. I learn that this design has since
+been executed. The Kit-Cat pictures were painted early in the eighteenth
+century, and about the year 1710 were brought to this spot, but the room
+I have been describing was not built till ten or fifteen years
+afterwards. They were 42 in number, and are now in the possession of a
+Mr. Baker, of Hertingford-bury, where I lately saw them splendidly
+lodged, and in fine preservation. It may be proper to observe, that the
+house of Mr. Hoare was not the house of Mr. Tonson, and that Mr.
+Tonson's house stood nearer to the Kit-Cat club-rooms, having a few
+years since been taken down." A person died in this place, leaving in
+his will an annual sum, to be laid out in roses to be planted on his
+grave. The spot is distinguished by a stone tablet on the outside of the
+wall of the church, enclosed by pales, with some rose-trees planted on
+each side of it. This tablet is dedicated to the memory of Edward Rose,
+citizen of London, who died in 1653, and left L20. to the poor of
+Barnes, for the purchase of an acre of land, on condition that the pales
+should be kept up, and the rose-trees preserved.
+
+[Sidenote: Kit Cat Club house.]
+
+[Sidenote: As described by Sir Richard Phillips in 1817.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+    18|Barnet-Chipping[A] m.t.|Herts    |St. Albans 10|Whetstone  2|
+    18|Barnet, East         pa|Herts    |Enfield     5|Highgate   6|
+    25|Barnet, Friern[B]    pa|Middlesex|Finchley    2|Barnet     3|
+    24|Barnetby-le-Wold     pa|Lincoln  |Glanford-Br 6|Caistor    7|
+    27|Barney               pa|Norfolk  |Fakenham    6|Walsingham 5|
+    36|Barnham             vil|Suffolk  |Thetford    3|Ixworth    7|
+    38|Barnham              pa|Sussex   |Arundel     5|Chichester 7|
+    27|Barnham-Broom        pa|Norfolk  |Wymondham   5|Norwich    9|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    |  Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-----+------+
+    18|Barnet-Chipping[A] m.t.|Hatfield              9|   11|  2369|
+    18|Barnet, East         pa|Barnet                3|   10|   547|
+    25|Barnet, Friern[B]    pa|Hornsey               4|    9|   543|
+    24|Barnetby-le-Wold     pa|Barton               10|  162|   532|
+    27|Barney               pa|Holt                  7|  115|   263|
+    36|Barnham             vil|Bury                 10|   81|   384|
+    38|Barnham              pa|Bognor                3|   60|   148|
+    27|Barnham-Broom        pa|Hingham               6|  105|   463|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BARNET. This small busy town occupies an elevated situation on the
+high north road; and near this place was fought, in the year 1471, the
+famous battle between the houses of York and Lancaster, which terminated
+in the death of the Earl of Warwick, and established King Edward the
+Fourth upon the throne. An obelisk was erected by Sir Jeremy Sambrook,
+in memory of the battle in the year 1740. In the church is an altar
+monument in commemoration of Thomas Ravensworth, Esquire, whose effigy,
+in a recumbent position, is represented on the tomb in veined marble. He
+died in 1630. Several others of his family are also buried here; and
+among these, James, his eldest son, who erected and endowed an
+alms-house, or hospital in Barnet, "for six poor ancient women, being
+widows or maidens, inhabitants of the town; and neither common beggars,
+common drunkards, back-biters, tale-bearers, common scolds, thieves or
+other like persons of infamous life, or evil name or repute; or
+vehemently suspected of sorcerie, witchcraft, or charming, or guilty of
+perjury: nor any ideot or lunatic are admitted." The annual value of the
+original endowment is now about L45.; besides which, the trustees have a
+further income of L30. annually, arising from other sources. Another
+alms-house for six poor widows, was built and endowed about the year
+1723, under the will of John Garrett, Gent., who bequeathed L800. for
+that purpose. Near the race ground, on Barnet Common, is a mineral
+spring, of a mild purgative nature, that was discovered about the middle
+of the 17th century, and was formerly in much repute. A few years ago a
+subscription was made for arching it over and erecting a pump. The town
+is at present governed by a presiding magistrate, a high constable and
+subordinate officers. The inhabitants of this township enjoy a very
+extensive common right over the adjoining wastes and chace. Between
+Barnet and South Mims, an extensive improvement has been effected in the
+road, which was a series of angular turnings and unnecessary hills, to
+an extent which renders it surprising how such glaring imperfections
+were suffered to exist, when a sufficiently direct line could be
+obtained.
+
+   _Market_, Monday. _Fairs_ April 8, 9, 10, linen drapery, mercery,
+   toys, &c. The harvest fair or Welsh fair, September 4, 5, Welsh
+   cattle and horses; Sept. 6, mercery, &c. and sometimes a few horses,
+   pigs, &c. The Leeds Mail arrives 9.11 evening, departs 7.48 evening.
+   The Glasgow mail arrives 9.20 evening; departs 4.18 morning. _Inns_,
+   Duke of Wellington, Green Man, and Red Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle between the houses of York and Lancaster.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mineral spring.]
+
+
+[B] BARNET, (Friern). John Walker, the author of a celebrated
+dictionary, was a native of this place, and was born in the year 1732.
+About the year 1767, he joined with a Mr. Usher in setting up a school
+at Kensington; this speculation not succeeding he removed to London,
+where he gave lectures on elocution. It is said that in his early youth
+he studied the art, intending to make the stage his profession, although
+his very questionable success induced him to adopt another pursuit. Mr.
+Walker was an amiable as well as a learned man; he was the author of
+several elementary works: such as "The Rhetorical Grammar," "Elements of
+Elocution," "Key to the correct pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and
+Scriptural names," and a "Rhyming Dictionary." He died at his house in
+Tottenham Court Road, August 1, 1807. This parish includes the hamlet of
+Colney Hatch, half of Whetstone, and a part of Finchley Common.
+
+[Sidenote: Birth place of Walker, author of the pronouncing dictionary.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------+
+     7|Barnhill          ham|Chester   |Chester     10|Tarporley  8|
+    36|Barningham         pa|Suffolk   |Ixworth      5|Botesdale  7|
+    44|Barningham    pa & to|N.R. York |Greta Bridge 2|Richmond  10|
+    27|Barningham, Little pa|Norfolk   |Aylsham      6|Holt       6|
+    27|Barningham         pa|Norfolk   |             8|           5|
+    27|Barningham Winter  pa|Norfolk   |             6|           7|
+    24|Barnoldby-le-Beck  pa|Lincoln   |Grimsby      6|Caistor    8|
+    45|Barnoldswick  pa & to|W.R. York |Colne        5|Skipton    6|
+     7|Barnsham           to|Chester   |Knutsford    6|Middlewich 7|
+    15|Barnsley           pa|Gloucester|Cirencester  4|Burford   13|
+    45|Barnsley[A] m.t. & to|W.R. York |York        39|Rotherham 13|
+    11|Barnstaple[B] bo.& mt|Devon     |Exeter      38|S. Molton 12|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+------+
+     7|Barnhill          ham|Malpas                  4|  172|      |
+    36|Barningham         pa|Thetford                9|   82|   514|
+    44|Barningham    pa & to|Barnard Cas.            5|  238|   550|
+    27|Barningham, Little pa|Cromer                  8|  119|   227|
+    27|Barningham         pa|                        5|  121|    42|
+    27|Barningham Winter  pa|                        8|  120|   114|
+    24|Barnoldby-le-Beck  pa|Louth                  16|  165|   232|
+    45|Barnoldswick  pa & to|Clitheroe              10|  223|  2724|
+     7|Barnsham           to|Congleton               8|  170|      |
+    15|Barnsley           pa|Fairford                6|   86|   318|
+    45|Barnsley[A] m.t. & to|Hudderfield            17|  172| 10330|
+    11|Barnstaple[B] bo.& mt|Ilfracomb              10|  193|  6840|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BARNSLEY. This large market town is built chiefly of stone, but
+being surrounded by coal pits and iron works, the smoke from which
+obscures the air, it is generally known by the name of Black Barnsley.
+The black glass bottles made here are of excellent quality, and the
+manufacture of linen is carried on to a great extent. Here also is made
+the best wire in the kingdom for needles. The town is seated on the side
+of a hill; the trade and population have considerably increased since
+the completion of the navigable canal, by means of which communications
+are opened with Wakefield, and all parts of the kingdom. The land in the
+vicinity of this town is highly distinguished for its fertility; the
+manor is possessed by the Duke of Leeds.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday before Feb. 28, horned
+   cattle and swine; May 12, ditto; October 10, ditto, horses, and
+   cheese.--_Mail_ arrives 2.55 afternoon; departs 11.31
+   night.--_Bankers_, Becket and Co., draw on Glyn and Co.--_Inns_,
+   King's Head, and White Bear.
+
+[Sidenote: The trade.]
+
+
+[B] BARNSTAPLE is said to derive its name from Bar, which in the ancient
+British signified the mouth of a river; and the Saxon word Staple, a
+mart. It is situated in the hundred of Braunton, and returns two members
+to parliament. The town appears to have been incorporated by Henry I.,
+yet it retains some traces of feudal jurisdiction; a number of common
+burgesses claiming a right to vote with the corporate officers for
+members of parliament. The L10. householders are about 607; the
+returning officer is the mayor, who with two bailiffs, two aldermen,
+twenty-two common councilmen, and other officers form the corporation.
+Barnstaple is one of the neatest and most respectable towns in the
+county; it lies on the eastern bank of the river Taw, in a broad and
+fertile vale, bounded by a semi-circular range of hills. The Taw here
+spreads to a considerable breadth, but from the great accumulation of
+sand, the port is shallow, and vessels of more than 200 tons are not
+able to enter. Over the river is a bridge of sixteen arches, which is
+said to have been built by one of the Tracys, at the time that family
+were lords of the manor. The streets are spacious and regular, and the
+buildings generally good. The town, indeed, boasts some of the marks of
+a metropolis; there are balls every fortnight, and a regular theatre,
+and nothing but a good pavement is wanted to make it highly agreeable. A
+noble quay extends some way along the river, terminated by a handsome
+piazza, over the centre of which stands the statue of Queen Anne, with
+an inscription, testifying to the loyalty of Robert Rolle, of
+Stevenstone, in this county, the erector. The woollen trade formerly
+carried on here with considerable spirit, greatly increased the wealth
+of the town, and enabled its inhabitants to erect a number of very
+respectable houses: this trade has of late failed, but the manufacture
+of baize, silk stockings and waistcoat pieces, still gives life to the
+place. Besides this source of wealth and population, the beauty of the
+surrounding country, and the cheapness of provisions, have induced many
+respectable families to reside here entirely; a circumstance which
+renders Barnstaple the most genteel town in the north of Devon. Here is
+a celebrated Grammar School, which has been founded about three
+centuries, and is famous for having educated a number of distinguished
+men; among whom were John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury: his Theological
+antagonist, Thomas Harding, Professor at Louvain: the poet Gay, and the
+learned Dr. Musgrave. Bishop Jewel was a learned divine, who lived in
+the reigns of the last sovereigns of the house of Tudor, and was born
+near Ilfracombe, in 1522. Having acquired the rudiments of his learning
+in this school, he was removed to Merton College, Oxford. He was a most
+zealous and able champion of the Christian faith; and was indefatigable
+in the pursuit of knowledge, even at the expense of his health, which
+was materially injured by the closeness of his application. About the
+year 1551, he obtained the rectory of Sunningwell, in Berkshire, where
+he was much beloved for his zeal and assiduity as a parish priest. When
+Queen Mary succeeded her brother Edward, Jewel was deprived of an office
+he held in the university; and, notwithstanding he subscribed to a
+confession of faith drawn up by the Catholics, yet suspicions were
+entertained of his sincerity, and fearing he should be prosecuted as an
+heretic, he withdrew from Oxford, and made his escape to the continent.
+On the death of Queen Mary, Jewel returned to England, and was received
+very favorably by Queen Elizabeth, who raised him to the bishoprick of
+Salisbury, in the year 1560. From this time until the day of his death,
+he was principally engaged in his pastoral duties, and in the defence
+and support of the Protestant faith. He died September 1571. The
+admirable moralist and poet, Gay, was also educated in this school; he
+was the composer of "The Beggar's Opera," the notion of which appears to
+have been afforded by Swift. The purpose of this singular performance,
+was to bring into ridicule the Italian Opera, and it is not easy to
+define the mixture of pathos and ridicule which distinguishes this
+remarkable production. His celebrated "Fables," written for the
+instruction of the Duke of Cumberland, have been the means of
+unqualified delight to millions. His first poem, entitled "Rural
+Sports," and dedicated to Mr. Pope, gained him the friendship of that
+poet. The year following he was appointed Secretary to the Duchess of
+Monmouth: at this time he printed his "Trivia," in the composition of
+which he was assisted by Swift. He died of an inflammation of the
+bowels, in 1732, (sincerely lamented by all who knew him,) and was
+buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument exhibits an epitaph by
+Pope, which is written with tasteful tenderness.
+
+   _Market_, Friday.--_Fairs_, September 19; Friday before April 21;
+   second Friday in December, for cattle. These are considerable fairs,
+   but are called great markets, as there is no charter to hold fairs on
+   those days.--_Mail_ arrives 7.0 morning; departs 5.0
+   afternoon.--_Bankers_, Pyke, Law and Co.; draw on Barclay and Co.;
+   Drake and Co. draw on Esdaile and Co.--_Inns_, Fortescue Arms; Golden
+   Lion; Kings Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Incorporated by Henry I.]
+
+[Sidenote: Amusements, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent men educated here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gay, the Poet, born here.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.   | County.| Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+     7|Barnston             to|Chester |Park Gate 4|Liverpool 5|
+    14|Barnston             pa|Essex   | Dunmow   2|Braintree 8|
+     7|Barnton              to|Chester |Northwich 2|Knutsford 8|
+    28|Barnwell-All-Sts.[A] pa|Northamp|Oundle    3|Thrapston 5|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-------------+------+-----+-----+
+     7|Barnston             to|Chester           14|  198|  112|
+    14|Barnston             pa|Chelmsford        10|   38|  215|
+     7|Barnton              to|Warrington         9|  175|  730|
+    28|Barnwell-All-Sts.[A] pa|Stamford          18|   78|  126|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BARNWELL derives its name from some wells, which in the age of
+superstition, were widely famed for the miraculous cures they performed
+in diseases of children. Sacred veneration was at length paid them, and
+pilgrims from distant parts resorted hither to adore the spirit which
+infused such wonderful virtues into the waters. A castle was erected
+here in the reign of Henry I., by Reginald le Moine, and became
+afterwards the baronial residence of the family of the Montagues. The
+remains of this once magnificent structure consist of four circular
+massy bastion towers, each forming an angle of a quadrangular court,
+inclosed by walls three feet thick; the grand gateway on the south side
+is flanked by similar towers. The whole forms a fine and curious ruin,
+and is a rare specimen of the early Norman castellated form of
+building.
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    |  County. | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    28|Barnwell, St. And    pa|Northamp  |Oundle     2|Thrapston   6|
+    15|Barnwood             pa|Gloucester|Gloucester 2|Cheltenham  8|
+    35|Barr, Great[A]       pa|Stafford  |Walsall    4|Wednesbury  4|
+    35|Barr, Perry         ham|Stafford  |           5|Birmingham  5|
+    29|Barrasford           to|Northumb. |Hexham     7|Bellingham 10|
+     6|Barrington           pa|Cambridge |Cambridge  6|Caxton      8|
+    34|Barrington           pa|Somerset  |Ilminster  4|Ilchester  10|
+     4|Barrington, Great[B] pa|Berks&Glos|Burford    4|Northleach  7|
+    15|Barrington, Little   pa|Gloucester|Burford    4|Stow        8|
+    10|Barrow               pa|Derby     |Derby      6|Kegworth   12|
+    15|Barrow               to|Gloucester|Cheltenham 4|Tewkesbury  5|
+    29|Barrow               to|Northumb. |Allenton   5|Wooler     16|
+    32|Barrow             chap|Rutland   |Oakham     5|Stamford   12|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
+    28|Barnwell, St. And    pa|Stamford            17|    79|    284|
+    15|Barnwood             pa|Painswick            6|   104|    419|
+    35|Barr, Great[A]       pa|Birmingham           5|   114|    779|
+    35|Barr, Perry         ham|Sutton               3|   114|    777|
+    29|Barrasford           to|Corbridge            9|   284|    232|
+     6|Barrington           pa|Royston              8|    46|    485|
+    34|Barrington           pa|Crewkherne           8|   134|    468|
+     4|Barrington, Great[B] pa|Stow                 8|    76|    532|
+    15|Barrington, Little   pa|Northleach           7|    76|    162|
+    10|Barrow               pa|Burton              10|   125|    584|
+    15|Barrow               to|Gloucester           7|    98|    238|
+    29|Barrow               to|Bellingham          18|   314|     14|
+    32|Barrow             chap|Cottesmore           2|   101|    144|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] GREAT BARR is an agreeable village, which has long been the property
+of the Scott family, who have here one of the finest mansions in the
+county. This seat stands in a beautiful valley, affording the most
+delightful prospects of hill and dale, varied by wood and water. Shady
+walks and rustic seats furnish the most attractive conveniences for the
+promenade. One object in particular fixes the attention; it is an urn
+near the flower garden, to the memory of Miss Mary Dolman, the cousin of
+Shenstone, whose elegant pen supplied a beautiful tribute in Latin. The
+summit of Barr Beacon, which is 653 feet in height, was the spot from
+whence the Druids gave notice, by watch-fires, of their periodical
+sacrifices; and it was used both by the Saxons and the Danes, as a
+beacon to alarm the country in times of danger. The chapel of the
+village is of remarkable beauty; its eastern window contains a painting
+on glass by Mr. Eginton, who has improved upon the design of the Rev.
+Mr. Peter's "Spirit of a Child."
+
+[Sidenote: Barr Beacon, 653 feet high.]
+
+
+[B] GREAT BARRINGTON is a parish containing about 1000 acres, including
+some portion of Oxfordshire within its limits, as well as a small tract
+belonging to Berkshire. Previous to the conquest, the manor was held by
+Earl Harold; the present owner is Lord Dynevor, Lord Lieut. and Cust.
+Rot. of Carmarthen. Barrington church appears to have been erected about
+the time of Henry VII. Beneath one of the windows of the aisle are the
+monument and effigies of Captain Edward Bray, grandfather of Sir Giles
+Bray, lord of the manor, who is represented in armour, with a ruff round
+his neck and a sword girt on the "right" side. This peculiarity
+originated from the captain having killed a man at Tilbury camp; and, in
+token of his sorrow, he determined never more to use his right hand.
+Lord Chancellor Talbot was buried in this church; he was the son of
+William Talbot, Bishop of Durham, and was born in the year 1684. After
+being elected a fellow of All Soul's College, Oxford, he married, and
+consequently was compelled to give up his fellowship. When he left the
+university, he was admitted a member of the society of Lincoln's Inn,
+and was speedily called to the bar. He was chosen to represent the now
+disfranchised borough of Tregony, in Cornwall, and afterwards was made
+member for the city of Durham. He died in the enjoyment of the highest
+character, after a short illness, on the 14th of February, 1737. Few
+Chancellors have been more lamented, both in public and private life.
+Lord Talbot acquired universal esteem. The Hall was built by him in the
+year 1734, soon after which it was destroyed by fire. The grounds
+furnish a good specimen of the "ferme ornee," (ornamental farm) and the
+park, about three miles in circumference, is well planted with a variety
+of beautiful trees.
+
+[Sidenote: Capt. Edward Bray.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | County. |   Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+    33|Barrow                 pa|Salop    |M. Wenlock   4|Bridgenorth 6|
+    36|Barrow                 pa|Suffolk  |Bury         6|Newmarket   9|
+    34|Barrow-Gourney         pa|Somerset |Bristol      5|Axbridge   12|
+     7|Barrow, Great     pa & to|Chester  |Chester      6|Northwich  13|
+    24|Barrow-on-Humber       pa|Lincoln  |Barton       3|Grimsby    17|
+    34|Barrow, North          pa|Somerset |Castle Carey 3|Ilchester   8|
+    34|Barrow, South          pa|Somerset |...          4|...         7|
+    23|Barrow-on-Soar[A] pa & to|Leicester|Mount Sorrel 2|Loughboro'  3|
+    24|Barrowby               pa|Lincoln  |Grantham     2|Newark     12|
+    32|Barrowden              pa|Rutland  |Uppingham    6|Stamford    8|
+    22|Barrowford             to|Lancaster|Colne        2|Clitheroe   5|
+    54|Barry                  pa|Glamorgan|Cardiff      9|Cowbridge   7|
+    54|Barry Isle[B]        Isle|Glamorgan|...          9|...         8|
+   +--+-------------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.      | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    33|Barrow                 pa|Broseley               2|  146|    351|
+    36|Barrow                 pa|Mildenhall             9|   69|    856|
+    34|Barrow-Gourney         pa|Pensford               7|  120|    279|
+     7|Barrow, Great     pa & to|Tarporley              5|  183|    436|
+    24|Barrow-on-Humber       pa|Brigg                 11|  167|   1334|
+    34|Barrow, North          pa|Wincanton              8|  116|    150|
+    34|Barrow, South          pa|  ...                  9|  117|    139|
+    23|Barrow-on-Soar[A] pa & to|Leicester              9|  107|   6254|
+    24|Barrowby               pa|Colterswor            10|  112|    687|
+    32|Barrowden              pa|Oakham                 8|   92|    485|
+    22|Barrowford             to|Burnley                6|  216|   2633|
+    54|Barry                  pa|Llandaff               9|  169|     72|
+    54|Barry Isle[B]        Isle|  ...                  9|  169|    ...|
+   +--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+
+[A] BARROW. This large and pleasant village appears to have taken its
+name from an ancient tumulus. It is occupied principally by gentlemen
+farmers, many of whom, however, derive great profit from the quantities
+of lime which they get up and burn. This village having been for many
+centuries celebrated for a hard blue stone, similar to that in the vale
+of Belvoir, and when calcined, produces a very fine matter, from which
+is prepared a particularly hard, firm, and greatly esteemed cement.
+Various fossil remains are found amongst the limestone. One of the
+petrifactions, still preserved at Cambridge, with Dr. Woodward's
+fossils, is a plain and bold representation of a flat-fish, about twelve
+inches long. Mr. Jones, in his "Philosophical Disquisitions," notices it
+by saying, that "our country hath lately afforded what I apprehend to be
+the greatest curiosity of the sort that ever appeared. It is the entire
+figure of a bream, more than a foot in length, and of a proportionable
+depth, with the scales, fins, and gills, fairly projecting from the
+surface, like a sculpture in relievo, and with all the lineaments, even
+to the most minute fibres of the tail, so complete, that the like was
+never seen before." Dr. William Beveridge, one of the most learned
+prelates of the English church, was born here in the year 1638. At St.
+John's College, Cambridge, he applied himself with intense application
+to the study of oriental literature. He reviewed the Hebrew, Chaldee,
+Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues, and produced a Syriac grammar. He
+was raised to the see of St. Asaph, in the year 1704, but he enjoyed his
+new dignity for a short period,--his death took place in the year 1708.
+In his divinity he was Calvinistic; from the simplicity and piety of his
+character, he was beloved by all parties. He lies buried in St. Paul's
+Cathedral.
+
+[Sidenote: Superior lime quarries.]
+
+[Sidenote: The pious Beveridge born here.]
+
+
+[B] BARRY ISLAND, the name of which has been thought to have been
+derived from St. Baroche, a hermit, who, according to Cressy, died here
+in the year 700. This island, which lets for about L80. a year, is
+estimated to contain about 300 acres. In Leland's time there was, in the
+middle of it, a "fair little chapel used," but there was no dwelling.
+Since that period, however, a house has been erected for the residence
+of a farmer, which, in the summer, is converted into a boarding-house,
+for the reception of sea-bathers. The family of Giraldus de Barri, are
+said to have taken their title from this island, of which they were once
+lords. "It is remarkable," observes Giraldus, "that in a rock near the
+entrance of the island, there is a small cavity, to which, if the ear is
+applied, a noise is heard like that of smiths at work--the blowing of
+bellows, strokes of hammers, grinding of tools, and roaring of furnaces;
+and it might easily have been imagined, that such noises which are
+continued at the ebb and flow of the tides, were occasioned by the
+influx of the sea under the cavities of the rocks." Sir Richard Hoare,
+in his additions to Giraldus, observes as follows:--"Towards the
+southern part of the island, on a spot called Nell's Point, is a fine
+well, to which great numbers of women resort on Holy Thursday, and,
+having washed their eyes at the spring, each drops a pin into it. The
+landlord of the boarding-house told me, that on clearing out the well he
+took out a pint full of these votive offerings." On the main land,
+opposite the western extremity of the island, lies the village of Barry,
+near which are some remains of the castle. A few miles north-westward
+from Barry are the remains of Penmark castle, anciently the property of
+Sir Gilbert Humphreville, one of the followers of Fitzhamon. Llancarvan,
+in this vicinity, was once the seat of a religious house, said to have
+been founded by Cadoc the Wise, in the 6th century. Llancarvan is also
+distinguished as the birth-place of Caradoc, the Welsh annalist, who
+compiled a history of the Principality, from the abdication of
+Cadwaladyr, 686, to his own time. Tref Walter, or Walterston, in this
+parish, was the residence of Walter de Mapes, a writer of some note
+towards the middle of the 12th century. He was Archdeacon of Oxford, and
+Chaplain to Henry I. He built the church of Llancarvan, a large
+substantial edifice, and the village of Walterston, with a mansion for
+himself. His literary labours comprise a translation of the British
+Chronicle into Latin, and a Welsh version of Geoffrey of Monmouth's
+fabulous paraphrase of the same work. He wrote also a Treatise on
+Agriculture in the Welsh language.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable noises heard here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Curious custom.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County. | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+    36|Barsham            pa|Suffolk  |Beccles     3|Bungay      5|
+    27|Barsham, (East)    pa|Norfolk  |Fakenham    3|Walsingham  3|
+    27|Barsham, (North)   pa|Norfolk  |Walsingham  2|Wells       6|
+    27|Barsham, (West)    pa|Norfolk  |Fakenham    3|Walsingham  3|
+    39|Barston            pa|Warwick  |Warwick    12|Coventry    9|
+    17|Bartestree       chap|Hereford |Hereford    5|Bromyard   14|
+     7|Bartherton         to|Chester  |Nantwich    2|Whitchurch 10|
+    21|Bartholomew      lib.|Kent     |Canterbury 13|Deal        7|
+     7|Barthomley[A] pa & to|Chester  |Sandbach    7|Newcastle   7|
+     7|Bartington         to|Chester  |Northwick   4|Warrington  8|
+     6|Bartlow[B]         pa|Cambridge|Linton      2|Haverhill   6|
+    14|Bartlow End       ham|Essex    |            3|            6|
+     4|Barton            ham|Berks    |Oxford      6|E. Illsley  9|
+     6|Barton             pa|Cambridge|Cambridge   4|Caxton      8|
+     7|Barton             to|Chester  |Chester    10|Malpas      7|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    36|Barsham            pa|Halesworth            9|  109|    182|
+    27|Barsham, (East)    pa|Burnham M.           10|  102|    219|
+    27|Barsham, (North)   pa|Fakenham              4|  113|     84|
+    27|Barsham, (West)    pa|Creek                 4|  112|    101|
+    39|Barston            pa|Birmingham           13|  100|    342|
+    17|Bartestree       chap|Ledbury              12|  132|     50|
+     7|Bartherton         to|Audlem                4|  163|     34|
+    21|Bartholomew      lib.|Ramsgate              6|   68|     61|
+     7|Barthomley[A] pa & to|Nantwich             11|  157|    449|
+     7|Bartington         to|Knutsford             7|  177|     76|
+     6|Bartlow[B]         pa|Saff. Walden          6|   48|    106|
+    14|Bartlow End       ham|                      5|   47|    205|
+     4|Barton            ham|Dorchester            7|   56|     14|
+     6|Barton             pa|Royston              12|   49|    273|
+     7|Barton             to|Tarporley            12|  175|    168|
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTHOMLEY contains several townships. The nave of the church has a
+richly carved wooden roof, dated 1589. On the 22d of December, 1643, a
+troop of Lord Byron's passing through the village, made an attack upon
+this venerable edifice, into which several of the inhabitants had gone
+for safety; they soon got possession of it, and having set fire to the
+forms, rushes, and mats, made such a smoke that the men who had
+retreated into the steeple were obliged to call for quarter, but their
+assailants having got them into their power, are said to have stripped
+them all, and most cruelly murdered twelve of them in cold blood, three
+only being suffered to escape. A free school was founded here, in the
+year 1676, by the Rev. Mr. Steele, in which ten children are educated.
+In the year 1787, Mrs. Mary, Mrs. Margaret, and Mrs. Judith Alsager,
+ladies of the manor, obtained an Act of Parliament to enable them to
+finish a new church, or chapel, to be called Christ's Church, or Chapel,
+in that township. The same ladies built a school-house, and founded a
+school there, for the education of children of both sexes.
+
+[Sidenote: Cruel murder.]
+
+
+[B] BARTLOW. Near this place, are four contiguous barrows, known by the
+name of Bartlow Hills, from their situation with respect to Bartlow
+Church. These are vulgarly, though erroneously, regarded as the tumuli
+raised over the slain in the battle fought between Edmund Ironside and
+the Danish King, Canute, in the year 1016. It is evident, indeed, from
+our account of Ashington, at page 50, that the place of action should be
+sought for, rather in the vicinity of the sea than at the northern
+extremity of the county. Camden states, that these stone coffins, with
+broken human bones in them, were found in one of these barrows; and
+Hollingshead affirms, that two bodies were found in one stone coffin.
+Mr. Gough remarks, that we do not find the use of stone coffins amongst
+the northern nations in their Pagan state; and the Danes were not
+converted until long after the time of Canute. The origin of these
+barrows, therefore, cannot now be traced.
+
+   Map|Names of Places.            |County.   |Number of Miles from       |
+   +--+----------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    17|Barton                    to|Hereford  |Kington     1|Presteign   5|
+    30|Barton                    pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  6|Rempstone   7|
+    40|Barton, (High),[A]   pa & to|Westmorlnd|Appleby     3|Orton       6|
+    23|Barton                   ham|Leicester |M. Bosworth 2|Leicester  14|
+    27|Barton Bendish            pa|Norfolk   |Stoke Ferry 4|Swaffham    8|
+    10|Barton-le-Blount          pa|Derby     |Derby      10|Ashborne    9|
+     3|Barton in the Clay        pa|Bedford   |Silsoe      3|Luton       7|
+    44|Barton, St. Cuthbert pa & to|N.R. York |Darlington  5|Richmond    7|
+    34|Barton, St. David's,      pa|Somerset  |Somerton    4|Glastonbury 7|
+    36|Barton, (Great)           pa|Suffolk   |Bury        3|Ixworth     4|
+     5|Barton Hartshorne         pa|Buckingham|Buckingham  4|Bicester    8|
+    39|Barton on the heath[B]    pa|Warwick   |Shipston    6|L. Compton  2|
+   +--+----------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                            |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|Names of Places.            |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+----------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    17|Barton                    to|Hereford              21|  156|    ...|
+    30|Barton                    pa|Derby                 13|  121|    379|
+    40|Barton, (High),[A]   pa & to|Brough                11|  272|   1537|
+    23|Barton                   ham|Ashby                 10|  108|    163|
+    27|Barton Bendish            pa|Downham                8|   92|    459|
+    10|Barton-le-Blount          pa|Uttoxeter              8|  136|     60|
+     3|Barton in the Clay        pa|Ampthill               4|   38|    720|
+    44|Barton, St. Cuthbert pa & to|Barnard Cas           14|  238|    499|
+    34|Barton, St. David's       pa|Castle Cary            7|  120|    410|
+    36|Barton, (Great)           pa|Thetford              13|   74|    702|
+     5|Barton Hartshorne         pa|Brackley               6|   59|    145|
+    39|Barton on the heath[B]    pa|Chip. Norton           7|   79|    208|
+   +--+----------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTON. Stockbridge Hall, an ancient edifice, was the seat of the
+Lancasters, whose arms are yet seen on the ceiling of the dining-room,
+and who continued here through twelve generations, when their estates
+fell to the Lowthers. The church, which is a low and extensive building,
+with a heavy tower between the chancel and the nave, contains the tomb
+of one of the Lancasters; some escutcheons of several families in the
+neighbourhood, and a brass plate, on which is this remarkable epitaph:--
+
+   "Under this stone, reader, interred doth lie,
+   Beauty and virtue's true epitomy.
+   At her appearance the noone sun
+   Blushed and shrunk in, 'cause quite undone.
+   In her concentered did all graces dwell;
+   God plucked my rose that he might take a smell.
+   I'll say no more, but weeping, wish I may,
+   Soone with thy dear chaste ashes come to lay."
+
+The lady thus extravagantly eulogised, was Frances, the wife of
+Launcelot Dawes; she died in 1673. Barton school was founded in 1641, by
+four priests, natives of this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Remarkable epitaph.]
+
+
+[B] BARTON. Near this village is a large stone, called Four-shire stone,
+from its forming the point of junction of the four counties of
+Gloucester, Worcester, Warwick, and Oxford. Here once resided an
+attorney of so pacific a disposition that he usually acted as mediator
+when disputes arose. This anomalous person, named Dover, instituted the
+annual festivities termed Cotswold Games, and was for forty years their
+chief supporter. These diversions were celebrated upon the Cotswold
+Hills, in Gloucestershire, and prodigious multitudes are said to have
+resorted to them. They consisted of wrestling, cudgel-playing, leaping,
+pitching the bar, throwing the sledge, tossing the pike, with various
+other feats of strength and activity. A castle of boards was erected on
+this occasion, from which guns were frequently discharged. Dover
+received permission from James I. to hold these sports, and he appeared
+at their celebration in the very clothes which that monarch had formerly
+worn; but it is said there was much more dignity in his form and aspect.
+John Heywood, the epigramatist, speaking of these games, says--
+
+   "He fometh like a bore, the beaste should seem bold,
+   For he is as fierce as a lyon of Cotsolde."
+
+[Sidenote: Cotswold games.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | County.   |     Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+------------------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+
+    24|Barton[A]           m.t.|Lincoln    |Hull          7|Brigg      11|
+    22|Barton on Irwell      to|Lancaster  |Manchester    6|Newton     14|
+    36|Barton, Little        pa|Suffolk    |Mildenhall    1|Newmarket   9|
+    44|Barton, St. Mary,   chap|N.R. York  |Darlington    5|Richmond    7|
+    35|Barton              chap|Stafford   |Burton on Tr. 5|Lichfield   9|
+    28|Barton Segrave        pa|Northamp.  |Kettering     2|Thrapston   8|
+    16|Barton Stacey         pa|Hants.     |Whitchurch    6|Andover     6|
+    31|Barton Steeple[B]     pa|Oxford     |Deddington    5|Woodstock   7|
+    15|Barton Street        ham|Gloucester |Gloucester    1|Cheltenham  9|
+    43|Barton in Street      pa|N.R. York  |New Malton    5|Pickering   5|
+    27|Barton Turf           pa|Norfolk    |Coltishall    5|Worstead    4|
+    31|Barton Westcott       pa|Oxford     |Enstone       4|Woodstock   7|
+    43|Barton in the Willows, t|N.R. York  |York         10|New Malton  8|
+    45|Barugh                to|W.R. York  |Barnsley      3|Wakefield   9|
+    43|Barugh, Gt. & Little  pa|N.R. York  |Pickering     3|New Malton  5|
+    23|Barwell               pa|Leicester  |Hinckley      2|M. Bosworth 7|
+    14|Barwick               pa|Essex      |Chipp. Ongar  6|Dunmow      8|
+    34|Barwick               pa|Somerset   |Yeovil        2|Sherborne   6|
+    41|Barwick Basset        pa|Wilts      |Calne         7|Swindon     8|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                           |Dist.|Popul
+   Map|   Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From      |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+------------------------+---------------------------+-----+-------+
+    24|Barton[A]           m.t.|Lincoln                  34|  167|   3231|
+    22|Barton on Irwell      to|Warrington               14|  185|   8976|
+    36|Barton, Little        pa|Bury                     12|   70|    591|
+    44|Barton, St. Mary,   chap|Barnard Cas.             14|  238|    ...|
+    35|Barton              chap|Abbotts Brom              8|  130|   1344|
+    28|Barton Segrave        pa|Wellingboro               8|   75|    203|
+    16|Barton Stacey         pa|Winchester                9|   62|    626|
+    31|Barton Steeple[B]     pa|Charlbury                 9|   63|    606|
+    15|Barton Street        ham||Ross                    17|  103|    786|
+    43|Barton in Street      pa|Helmsley                 10|  222|    436|
+    27|Barton Turf           pa|Norwich                  13|  121|    391|
+    31|Barton Westcott       pa|Deddington                5|   64|    258|
+    43|Barton in the Willows, t|Sutton                   10|  206|    202|
+    45|Barugh                to|Huddersfield             14|  175|    946|
+    43|Barugh, Gt. & Little  pa|Scarborough              18|  223|    294|
+    23|Barwell               pa|Leicester                11|  101|   1505|
+    14|Barwick               pa|Chelmsford               10|   27|     97|
+    34|Barwick               pa|Crewkherne                8|  123|    415|
+    41|Barwick Basset        pa|Marlborough               8|   83|    164|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------+---------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BARTON. This ancient town is pleasantly situated about
+three-quarters of a mile from the southern bank of the Humber. It was
+formerly surrounded by a rampart and fossee, the remains of which are
+still discernable. It was doubtless a place of great strength before the
+conquest, and served as a barrier against the irruptions of the Saxons
+and Danes. At the period of the conquest it was a principal port of the
+Humber, and until the rise of Kingston-upon-Hull it enjoyed an extensive
+commerce. At present its derives its principal consequence from being
+the point whence the communication with the Lincoln road is continued
+across the Humber to Hull, a distance of about six miles and a half.
+
+   _Market_, Monday.--_Fair_, Trinity Thursday, for cattle.--_Mail_
+   arrives 3.0 afternoon; departs 11.15 morning--_Inn_, The Waterside
+   Inn.
+
+[Sidenote: Once a place of importance.]
+
+
+[B] STEEPLE BARTON. In this parish is situated Rowsham, which was, for
+several centuries, the seat of the Dormers, and it continued in their
+possession until the decease of General Dormer, in the year 1750. That
+gentleman bequeathed the mansion and estates to his cousin, Sir Clement
+Cottrell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies to George II., who annexed
+the name of Dormer to his own, and in whose family the property has
+since remained. The situation is extremely fine, and the grounds, which
+were laid out by Kent, during the life-time of General Dormer, afford a
+variety of picturesque and pleasant views. The mansion was built in the
+reign of Queen Elizabeth, but a few alterations were made at subsequent
+periods. The walls are embattled, and the doors are singularly enough
+perforated with holes (with slides to cover) so as to admit muskets
+being pointed through them. There is a large hall, and valuable library,
+containing many old and rare authors. A very excellent collection of
+paintings, (about 180 in number), and of busts and other figures in
+bronze, (amounting to fifty-five), has also been formed here. Horace
+Walpole, in one of his eloquent letters to George Montague, has thus
+spoken of this place:--"But the greatest pleasure we had, was in seeing
+Sir Charles Cotterell's, at Rowsham: it reinstated Kent with me; he has
+no where shewn so much taste. The house is old, and was bad; he has
+improved it--stuck as close as he could to gothic; has made a delightful
+library, and the whole is comfortable. The garden is Daphne in little,
+the sweetest little groves, streams, glades, porticoes, cascades, and
+rivers imaginable: all the scenes are perfectly classic. Well, if I had
+such a house, such a library, so pretty a place, and so pretty a wife, I
+think I should let King George send to Herenhausen for a Master of the
+Ceremonies." The pleasure-grounds are beautifully shaded by flourishing
+and noble beech trees; they are also ornamented by several stone
+statues, which all throw up water, except a very fine one of the dying
+gladiator, and a group of the lion tearing the horse, by Sheemacher.
+
+[Sidenote: Rowsham House.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.  | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    27|Barwick             pa|Norfolk   |Burnham     4|Wells     11|
+    45|Barwick        pa & to|W.R. York |Wetherby    7|Tadcaster  7|
+    33|Baschurch           pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury  8|Oswestry  10|
+     7|Basford             to|Chester   |Nantwich    5|Sandbach   8|
+    30|Basford[A]          pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  3|Mansfield 12|
+    35|Basford[B]          to|Stafford  |Leek        3|Longnor    7|
+    45|Bashall             to|W.R. York |Clitheroe   5|Lancaster 16|
+     4|Basilden            pa|Berks     |Reading     8|Streatley  2|
+    14|Basildon          chap|Essex     |Billericay  4|Gravesend 12|
+    16|Basing, Old[C] to & ch|Hants     |Basingstoke 2|Odiham     5|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+    27|Barwick             pa|Fakenham              11|  117|     35|
+    45|Barwick        pa & to|Abberford              2|  188|   1922|
+    33|Baschurch           pa|Ellesmere              9|  161|   1321|
+     7|Basford             to|Woore                  7|  160|     85|
+    30|Basford[A]          pa|Arnold                 3|  127|   6325|
+    35|Basford[B]          to|Cheadle                7|  151|    300|
+    45|Bashall             to|Blackburn             10|  222|    310|
+     4|Basilden            pa|Wallingford            8|   47|    780|
+    14|Basildon          chap|Rochford              12|   27|    124|
+    16|Basing, Old[C] to & ch|Alton                 12|   44|   1113|
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BASFORD lies in a bottom, approached from the race-ground. The
+scenery around it is rich in the extreme. This village has greatly
+increased of late, from various manufactures, and the improvements
+consequent upon them. Here are corn and cotton-mills, and the bleaching
+and dying branches of business are carried on with considerable success.
+The church has a very handsome spire, with a nave and side aisles in
+very good order, but there are no ancient inscriptions. The importance
+of this place has also been kept up, by its being the seat of the Court
+of the Honour of Peverel, since it was removed from Nottingham. It sits
+twice in the year, to try causes as high as L50. A jail for the court is
+situated here, which Howard describes as having, at the time of his
+writing, merely one room, with three beds; but the keepers told him he
+had another little room for women prisoners, of whom there being none in
+his custody, he applied the apartment to domestic uses. A bowling-green,
+close by the jail, is much frequented by the inhabitants of Nottingham.
+At Mapperley, a hamlet in this parish, is a handsome seat of Ichabod
+Wright, Esq., a banker of Nottingham.
+
+[Sidenote: The trade.]
+
+
+[B] BASFORD. Here was born, in 1630, the celebrated Charles Cotton, a
+burlesque poet of the seventeenth century. He received his education at
+Cambridge, and afterwards travelled through France. On his return to
+England he resided with his father at Basford, in the neighbourhood of
+the Peak. His first production was, a poetical essay on the gallant Earl
+of Derby. In 1656, he married a daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, a
+Nottinghamshire Knight. Two years after this his father died; he then
+succeeded him in the family estate, which was encumbered with mortgages:
+being of an improvident disposition, he was subject to constant
+embarrassments, and was even confined for some months in a prison for
+debt. After the death of his first wife, he married the Countess Dowager
+of Ardglass. He died at Westminster in 1687. Some of his poems, of
+considerable merit, were published after his death.
+
+[Sidenote: Charles Cotton.]
+
+
+[C] BASING, or OLD BASING, though a small village, is of some
+importance, as the scene of a desperate and bloody battle between the
+Danes and the Saxons, in 871, commanded by King Ethelred and his brother
+Alfred, when the latter were defeated. It was, however, rendered more
+famous by the gallant stand made against the parliamentary forces in the
+reign of Charles I., by John Poulet, Marquis of Winchester, a lineal
+descendant of Hugh de Port, who, at the time of the Domesday Survey,
+held 55 lordships in this county. This small village was the principal
+of these extensive possessions, and appears to have been the very site
+of a castle, as mention of the land of the old castle of Basing is made
+in a grant allowed by John de Port, to the neighbouring priory at Monks
+Sherborne, in the reign of Henry II. His grandson, William, assumed the
+surname of St. John; and Robert, Lord St. John, in the 43d of Henry
+III., obtained a license to fix a pole upon the bann of his moat, at
+Basing, with permission to continue it so fortified during the pleasure
+of the King. In the reign of Richard II., Basing was transferred by
+marriage to the Poynings; and again, in the time of Henry VI., to the
+Paulets, by the alliance of Constance with Sir John Paulet, of Nunny
+Castle, in Somersetshire. Sir William Paulet, Knt., third in descent
+from this couple, created Baron St. John, of Basing, by Henry VIII.; and
+Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquis of Winchester, by Edward VI., was a very
+accomplished and polite nobleman, greatly in favour at court during most
+of the successive changes that occurred in the reigns of Henry VIII.,
+Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. He held the office of
+treasurer nearly 30 years, sustaining himself by the courtly maxim, of
+"being a willow, and not an oak." He rebuilt Basing Castle, in a
+magnificent, and even in a princely style; indeed, so much so, that
+Camden, in allusion to the immense expense of living entailed on his
+family by its splendour, observes that, "it was so overpowered by its
+own weight, that his posterity has been forced to pull down a part of
+it." Here, in 1560, he entertained Queen Elizabeth with "all good
+cheer," and so much to her satisfaction, that she playfully lamented his
+great age; "for by my troth," said she, "if my Lord Treasurer were but a
+young man, I could find it in my heart to have him for a husband before
+any man in England." William, the great-grandson of this nobleman, and
+fourth Marquis of Winchester, had also, in 1601, the honour of having
+Queen Elizabeth for a guest for "thirteen days, to the great charge of
+the sayde Lorde Marquesse." During her residence here, the Duke of
+Biron, accompanied by about 20 of the French nobility, and a retinue of
+about 400 persons, were accommodated at the Vine, the seat of Lord
+Sandys, which had been purposely furnished with hangings and plate from
+the Tower, and Hampton Court, and with seven score beds and furniture,
+"which the willing and obedient people of the countrie of Southampton,
+upon two days' warning, had brought in thither to lend the Queen." When
+Elizabeth departed from Basing, she affirmed, that "she had done that in
+Hampshire, that none of her ancestors ever did; neither that any Prince
+in Christendom could do: that was, she had in her progresses, in her
+subject's houses, entertained a royal ambassador, and had royally
+entertained him." John, son of the preceding, and fifth Marquis of
+Winchester, was the brave nobleman who rendered his name immortal by his
+gallant defence of Basing House, in the cause of Charles I., during a
+tedious succession of sieges and blockades, which, with short
+intermissions, continued upwards of two years. The journal of the siege,
+printed in Oxford, in 1645, is one of the most eventful pieces of
+history during the civil war. The final investment appears to have been
+undertaken by Cromwell, who took it by storm, in October 1645, and burnt
+it to the ground, in despite of the Aimez Loyaulte, which the Marquis
+had written with a diamond in every window, and which has ever since
+been the motto of the family arms. The plunder obtained on this occasion
+is said to have amounted to L200,000. in cash, jewels, and rich
+furniture. The number of soldiers slain before the walls from the
+commencement of the siege, is recorded to have been upwards of 2,000.
+There is a traditionary report, that the garrison was partly surprized
+through some of the troops being engaged at cards when the assault
+commenced. From a survey made in 1798, it appears that the area of the
+works, including the garden and entrenchments, occupied about fourteen
+acres and a half. The form was extremely irregular, the ditches very
+deep, and the ramparts high and strong; some of the remains are yet very
+bold and striking. The site of the ruins is particularly commanding. The
+canal from Basingstoke has been cut through a part of the works, and the
+outward entrenchments have been rendered very obscure and imperfect from
+recent improvements in the grounds. The brave Marquis, whose property
+was reduced to ruin in the cause of his Sovereign, lived to the
+restoration, but received no recompence for his immense losses. He died
+in 1674, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles, who, when he saw
+that other men of sense were at their wits' end, in the arbitary and
+tyrannical reign of James II., thought it prudent to assume the
+character of a madman, as the first Brutus did, in the reign of Tarquin.
+He danced, hunted, or hawked, a part of the day, went to bed before
+noon, and constantly sat at table all night. He went to dinner at six or
+seven in the evening, and his meal lasted till six or seven in the
+morning; during which time he ate, drank, smoked, talked, or listened to
+music. The company that dined with him were at liberty to rise and amuse
+themselves, or to take a nap, whenever they were so disposed; but the
+dishes and bottles were all the while standing upon the table. Such a
+man as this was thought a very unlikely person to concern himself with
+politics, or with religion. By this conduct, he was neither embroiled in
+public affairs, nor gave the least umbrage to the court; but he exerted
+himself so much in the revolution, that he was, for his eminent
+services, created Duke of Bolton: he afterwards raised a regiment of
+foot for the reduction of Ireland. Charles, son of the former, and
+second Duke of Bolton, assisted in the great work of the revolution; and
+was one of the noblemen appointed at Exeter, in November, 1688, to
+manage the revenues of the Prince of Orange, as Sovereign of England. In
+1717, he was declared Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Charles, the eldest
+son, and third Duke of Bolton, filled several high offices in the state.
+This nobleman, on the death of his first wife, from whom he had long
+been separated, wedded the celebrated Lavinia Beswick, or Fenton, more
+known by the name of Polly Peachem, from her celebrity in the
+performance of that character in the "Beggar's Opera." The parish church
+of Basing is a large, ancient, and curious structure, standing at a
+short distance from the site of Basing House, with a tower rising in the
+centre. In a niche at the west-end is a figure of the Virgin Mary: the
+roof is supported by round arches, springing from massive columns. This
+edifice was repaired in 1510, by Sir John Paulet, who, with his father,
+John Paulet, Esq., and their respective wives, lie buried beneath two
+arched tombs, one on each side the chancel. Beneath the south aisle is
+the family vault of the Paulets, in which six Dukes of Bolton, with many
+of their noble relations, are deposited. A mural monument has also been
+erected in this church to the memory of Francis Russel, Esq., F.R.S. and
+F.S.A., a native of Basingstoke, who assisted Mr. Nichols in his History
+of Leicestershire. He died in 1795.
+
+[Sidenote: Great battles fought here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Elizabeth splendidly entertained here for 13 days.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt by Cromwell.]
+
+[Sidenote: The sixth Marquis of Winchester, a singular character.]
+
+[Sidenote: Polly Peachem.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |County.|  Number of Miles From |
+   +--+------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+
+    16|Basingstoke[A]  m.t. & p|Hants. |Andover   13|Reading  15|
+   +--+------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+--------------------+-----+----+
+    16|Basingstoke[A]  m.t. & p|Winchester        17|   46|3581|
+   +--+------------------------+--------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BASINGSTOKE. This large, ancient, and populous town is situated in a
+pleasant and well-wooded part of the county, and commands a considerable
+trade from its standing at the junction of five great roads. In the
+"Domesday Book" it is mentioned as always having been a royal manor, and
+as never having paid any tax, nor been distributed into hides: it is
+also noticed in that survey as having a market, whose tolls were worth
+"thirty shillings": we presume this to have been the weekly
+collection--a large sum in those days. From this town a canal was made
+to the river Wey, in Surrey; it was commenced in 1778. Its length is
+thirty-seven miles and a quarter, and the expense of cutting it amounted
+to L100,000. A large portion of this sum was laid out in forming a
+tunnel, nearly three quarters of a mile in length, through a hill near
+Odiham. Besides corn and flour, coals, timber, manure, and goods of
+almost every description are conveyed to different parts of the country
+by this channel. The first barge arrived at Basingstoke Wharf in
+January, 1794. Among the numerous projected advantages which led to the
+formation of the canal, was, the presumed cultivation of Bagshot Heath,
+and other heaths within the line of its course. A beautiful ruin
+overlooks the town on the north side, called Holy Ghost chapel. This was
+founded by Sir William, afterwards Lord Sandys, who with Bishop Fox,
+obtained a licence from Henry VIII. to found a brotherhood, to continue
+in perpetual succession, for the maintenance of a priest to perform
+divine service, and for the instruction of youth in literature. On an
+eminence in the vicinity, is an ancient encampment of an elliptical
+form, supposed to be British, three thousand three hundred feet in
+circumference; it is called "Aubrey Camp," or familiarly "Bury Bank;"
+the ditch on the outside is partly filled up by the labours of the
+agriculturist; and in Rook's Down, in this neighbourhood, while cutting
+a new road in 1831, a number of human skeletons were discovered,
+supposed to be of those who fell in some battle fought near this place.
+The free grammar school adjoins the venerable ruins of the chapel of the
+Holy Ghost; it is an ancient edifice, and is supposed originally to have
+been the parish church. This grammar school was first founded by Sir
+William Sandys, in connexion with the "Guild of the Holy Ghost," and was
+re-established upon the dissolution of that fraternity, by Queen Mary,
+in the succeeding reign. There are twelve boys at present on the
+foundation. Drs. Jos. Warton, the refined poet and critic, and his
+brother Thomas Warton, Poet Laureate, were both educated here, under
+their father, Thomas Warton, B.D., Professor of Poetry in the university
+of Oxford, a writer of considerable ability. John De Basinge, a learned
+Greek scholar, a friend and contemporary of that intelligent historian,
+Matthew Paris, was a native of this town. He was a man eminent for piety
+and learning, and a perfect master of the Greek and Latin languages--an
+eloquent orator--an able mathematician, and a sound divine. Having laid
+the foundation of his university learning at Oxford, he went to Paris,
+and from thence to Athens; upon his return to England, he brought over
+several curious Greek manuscripts, and introduced the use of Greek
+numerical figures into this country; and to facilitate the knowledge of
+that rich language, which at that remote period was very little known or
+appreciated in the western world. He translated from the Greek, into the
+Latin, the celebrated Grammar, entitled "The Denatus of the Greeks," and
+the learning and piety of this truly good man, recommended him to the
+esteem of all the lovers of literature of that time: particularly that
+of Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, by whom he was promoted from the
+Archdeaconry of London, to that of Leicester; he died in 1252. Among
+other subjects he wrote a Latin translation of the harmony of the four
+Gospels; and it was this learned individual that informed Robert, Bishop
+of Lincoln, that he had seen at Athens, a book called "The Testament of
+the Twelve Patriarchs," upon which the Bishop sent for it and translated
+it into Latin; this valuable MS. was first printed in 1555, and has
+often been reprinted in English. At Basingstoke, was also born Sir James
+Lancaster, an eminent navigator, who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
+explored the Arctic Sea. Thomas Warton, the historian of English Poetry,
+was descended from an ancient and honorable family in Beverly, County
+York, and born at Basingstoke, in 1728; from his infancy he discovered a
+vein for poetry, and at the age of nine years he wrote to his sister
+that remarkable production of his genius: viz. a translation from the
+Latin of Martial:--
+
+   "When bold Leander sought his distant fair,
+   (Nor could the sea a braver burthen bear)
+   Thus to the swelling waves he spake his woe,
+   Drown me on my return--but spare me as I go."
+
+This curious document bears date from the school of Basingstoke, Nov.
+1737. In March 1773, at the age of sixteen, he was admitted a Commoner
+at Trinity College, Oxford, and soon after elected a Scholar. At this
+college Mr. Warton continued, with trifling intervals, forty-seven
+years. In 1745, he published "The Pleasures of Melancholy." In 1749, in
+consequence of a foolish riot occasioned by some of the scholars, Mason,
+the Poet, produced a poem called the "Isis," reflecting upon the loyalty
+of the college, upon which Mr. Warton immediately wrote the "Triumph of
+Isis," a poem of some merit, and a severe commentary upon the other
+production. About this time, his talents being generally acknowledged,
+he became Poet Laureate, and in 1750 he took a Master's Degree, and in
+1751 succeeded to a Fellowship. In 1754 he published his observations on
+the "Faerie Queene of Spencer." In 1757, upon the resignation of Mr
+Hawkins, of Pembroke College, he was elected Professor of Poetry, which
+he held according to the usual custom for ten years. He died, May 21,
+1790. Basingstoke is one of the polling places for the northern division
+of the county.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, for cheese and cattle;
+   Whit-Wednesday for pedlary; September 23, for cattle and hiring
+   servants, Devonport. _Mail_ arrives 12.55 morning; departs 1.48
+   morning.--_Bankers_, Raggett and Co., draw on Masterman and
+   Co.--_Inn_, Crown.
+
+[Sidenote: Royal manor.]
+
+[Sidenote: Aubrey Camp.]
+
+[Sidenote: Eminent men born here.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|County. |Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+-----------------+--------+------------+----------+
+    24|Basingthorpe   pa|Lincoln |Corby      3|Grantham 8|
+    53|Basingwerk[A] vil|Flint   |Holeywell  1|Flint    5|
+    10|Baslow       chap|Derby   |Middleton  3|Bakewell 5|
+   +--+-----------------+--------+------------+----------+
+                                              |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+---------------------+-----+----+
+    24|Basingthorpe   pa|Folingham          10| 105|  122|
+    53|Basingwerk[A] vil|Park Gate           7| 204|     |
+    10|Baslow       chap|Chesterfield       10| 158|  863|
+   +--+-----------------+---------------------+----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BASINGWERK. This place is chiefly celebrated for the remains of its
+ancient abbey; for the vestiges of a house belonging to the Knights
+Templars; and for a castle, once the key to this part of the country.
+The abbey, which had the names also of Maes-Glas and Greenfield
+monastery, is beautifully situated in a meadow between two hills, on the
+eastern side of the mouth of the Holywell river. It was founded,
+according to Tanner, in 1131, by Ranulph, Earl of Chester; others say in
+1150, by Henry II. The abbot was frequently summoned to attend in
+parliament by Edward I. and at the dissolution of monasteries, the
+annual revenue amounted to L150 7s. 3d. The remains convey an imperfect
+idea of the original architecture. The doors and lower arches were
+semi-circular and unornamented, the windows were long, narrow, and
+pointed; but the south wall of the transept, one doorway, and one
+pointed arch, are all that remain of the church, and the offices have
+entirely disappeared. At a short distance from the ruins is an oak of
+great age, called the Abbot's Oak, which measures fifteen feet two
+inches in circumference. But the oaks and elms in this neighbourhood,
+though of a large size, appear withered and blasted by the effect of the
+channel breezes; the sycamores and maples are the only trees that
+flourish; a useful hint to planters. The house for the lay order of the
+Knights Templars, was instituted by Henry II., for the purpose of
+defence against the inroads of the Welsh, and of this no more than some
+portion of the offices remain. Vestiges of the castle are yet visible in
+the fragments and foundation of a wall at some distance from the abbey,
+on the very margin of Watts-dyke. On a slope among hanging woods, near
+the township of Bagilt, stands Bagilt hall, a substantial mansion of
+ancient erection, late the seat of Paul Panton, Esq. Mostyn hall, a seat
+of Sir Thomas Mostyn, exhibits a variety of interesting features.
+Approached by a venerable avenue and a magnificent gateway, it stands in
+a small but beautiful park; it consisted originally of a square tower
+and two halls, in the larger of which the festive orgies of the baronial
+board were performed; but large additions were made in 1631, and many of
+its pristine features are defaced. Numerous paintings decorate the
+rooms, consisting for the most part of portraits, which illustrate all
+the varieties of costume in the several ages of their production; among
+the treasures of art are also many unique statues, busts, bronzes, and
+other articles of ancient or foreign production. In this neighbourhood
+are numerous collieries, the different appearance of which are phenomena
+interesting to the geologist. On the summit of a height called Mostyn
+mountain, is a monumental stone denominated Maen Achwynfan (the stone of
+lamentation). Its form is that of an obelisk; in height twelve feet, and
+two feet-four in thickness. It is probably a memorial of the dead slain
+in battle; but there appear to be no certain grounds for determining the
+period of its formation.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient Abbey.]
+
+[Sidenote: Mostyn Hall.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | County.  |   Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    26|Bassaleg[A]        pa|Monmouth  |Newport    3|Cardiff    11|
+     9|Bassenthwaite      pa|Cumberland|Keswick    5|Cockermth  10|
+    23|Basset House ex.p.lib|Leicester |Leicester 13|Atherstone  8|
+     6|Bassingbourn       pa|Cambridge |Royston    5|Potton      9|
+    24|Bassingham         pa|Lincoln   |Newark     9|Lincoln     9|
+    29|Bassington         to|Northumb  |Alnwick    4|Eglingham   4|
+    24|Baston             pa|Lincoln   |M. Deeping 4|Bourn       4|
+    27|Bastwick           pa|Norfolk   |Acle       5|Norwich     9|
+    35|Baswich            pa|Stafford  |Stafford   2|Rugeley     8|
+    12|Batcombe           pa|Dorset    |Sherborne 10|Cerne       4|
+    34|Batcombe           pa|Somerset  |Bruton     3|Shepton     6|
+    34|Bath[B]          city|Somerset  |Salisbury 38|Cheltenham 41|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    26|Bassaleg[A]        pa|Bristol              12|  151|   1664|
+     9|Bassenthwaite      pa|Ireby                 8|  296|    549|
+    23|Basset House ex.p.lib|Lutterworth          11|  100|     23|
+     6|Bassingbourn       pa|Caxton                9|   42|   1446|
+    24|Bassingham         pa|Navenby               7|  133|    704|
+    29|Bassington         to|Whittingham           7|  312|    613|
+    24|Baston             pa|Stamford              9|   93|    709|
+    27|Bastwick           pa|Yarmouth              9|  117|    219|
+    35|Baswich            pa|Penkridge             6|  139|    546|
+    12|Batcombe           pa|Dorchester           12|  127|    178|
+    34|Batcombe           pa|Frome                10|  112|    839|
+    34|Bath[B]          city|Bristol              14|  106|  38063|
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BASSALEG, a beautiful picturesque little village. In this parish was
+a Priory of black monks of the Benedictine order, founded by Robert de
+Haye, and Gundreda, his wife, between the years 1101 and 1120. No
+remains of this building exist but a ruin in a wood, about one mile
+distant from the church, called Coed-y-monachty, which is supposed to
+have been part of the structure. At about one mile distant, near the
+road to Llanfihangel, is a circular encampment, called Careg-y-saesson,
+but almost obscured by underwood. Its name has induced some to attribute
+it to the Saxons, but saesson is a term of reproach, which the Welsh
+bestow on all foreigners. The entrenchment is a single foss and rampart
+of earth. About one mile distant is another of a singular shape, with
+loose stones lying in the foss, probably the remains of walls. These
+fortresses are apparently British, and a meadow near Machen Place,
+called Maes Arthur, records the memory of that celebrated hero. From
+Bassaleg to the vale of Machen, the country is undulating and fertile.
+This vale is pleasingly sequestered, yet intermixed with wildness and
+cultivation. The hills which skirt it are partly covered with herbage,
+and partly overhung with thick forests. The Rumney continues the
+boundary of the two counties of Monmouth and Glamorgan. This river, with
+the church, and Machen hill, almost covered with lime-kilns, give
+variety and cheerfulness to the scenery. Machen Place lies at the
+commencement of the vale, under the hanging groves of Rupara. A circular
+apartment called the hunting-room is decorated with a rich stuccoed
+ceiling, representing Diana in the middle, surrounded with seats,
+churches, and parties, in twelve compartments.
+
+[Sidenote: Machen place.]
+
+
+[B] BATH. This ancient and far-famed city is the chief ornament of the
+west of England; that it is indebted to its medicinal springs for its
+origin as well as importance, there can be little doubt, but the period
+of its foundation is altogether unknown. The discovery of its springs,
+or rather, of their virtues, was for a long time ascribed to King
+Bladud, traditionally recorded "as the son of Lud Hudibras, King of
+Britain, about 2,500 years ago. In his youth he became infected with the
+leprosy, and, at the petition of the courtiers, who feared the
+contagion, was banished by his father from the palace. The Queen, on his
+departure, gave him a ring, as a token by which he should make himself
+known to her if ever he recovered. The young prince, when he reached
+Keynsham, met with a swineherd, by whom he was retained as an assistant.
+In a short time, he perceived that he had tainted the pigs with his
+leprosy. To conceal this misfortune, he sought permission to drive the
+herd to the opposite side of the Avon, under pretext that the acorns
+there were finer, and more abundant. Passing the river at a ford, since
+denominated Swineford, he led his herd to the hills on the north-side of
+Bath. While he was addressing his prayers to the rising sun, the pigs,
+impelled by a sudden phrenzy, ran up the valley to the spot where the
+hot-springs, boiling up, mixed their waters with the decayed weeds and
+foliage, and formed a bog. In this warm oozy-bed they began to roll, and
+wallow with delight; nor could their keeper allure them away, until
+extreme hunger pressed them to follow him. On washing them, he perceived
+that some had shed their white scurf; and he had not been many days
+longer in these parts, here he perceived that one of his best sows,
+which had been long wandering in the mire about the waters, was
+perfectly cured. Bladud, judging that the remedy which had succeeded in
+a particular instance, would prove generally efficacious, stripped
+himself naked, alternately rolled in the mud, and washed in the waters;
+and, after a few repetitions of this discipline, came out perfectly
+sound. Elated by this good fortune, he drove home his pigs, returned to
+court, and, shewing his ring, was recognized with rapture, and restored
+to his former rank and dignity. His father afterwards determined on
+sending him to Athens, to improve his natural genius. A splendid retinue
+was ordered to attend him; but Bladud preferred to travel as a private
+person, considering the parade of grandeur as an impediment to the
+acquisition of knowledge. After devoting eleven years to the study of
+literature, mathematics, and necromancy, he returned to Britain, was
+appointed Regent during his father's old age, and succeeded to the
+throne after his death. One of his first public works was the erection
+of a city near the springs, which thenceforward became the capital of
+the British monarchs. In his old age he devoted himself to the formation
+of visionary projects; the most daring of which was the construction of
+a pair of wings to fly with. In one of his attempts he fell and broke
+his neck, much to the grief of his subjects, who had enjoyed the
+blessings of his wise government more than twenty years." This account
+of the origin of Bath was long popular; but the inquiries of the present
+day have proved it unworthy of credit, and have adduced reasons to
+conclude that the city was founded by the Romans, about the middle of
+the first century. The form of the city approached to a parallelogram,
+extending on one side so as to form an outline somewhat pentagonal, and
+stretching in length, from east to west, about 1200 feet, and in the
+broadest parts, from north to south, 1140 feet. The wall, which enclosed
+this space, appears, from subsequent discoveries, to have been twenty
+feet above ground in height, and in thickness sixteen feet at the base,
+and eight at the summit, strengthened with five towers, rising at the
+angles, and having four portae, or entrances, facing the cardinal points,
+which were connected by two grand streets, dividing the city into four
+parts, and intersecting each other at the centre. Near the point of
+intersection were the springs, which the Romans converted into
+magnificent baths, by attaching to them suitable edifices, which, when
+complete, extended to two hundred and forty feet from east to west, and
+one hundred and twenty from north to south. The Roman appellation of the
+city, expressive of the genial heat and vigour derived from the springs,
+was Aquae Solis, the waters of the sun. Roads were soon constructed to
+communicate with the neighbouring posts and encampments, and "a little
+Rome began to adorn a dreary and inhospitable wild." Agricola passed a
+winter here, after his successful campaign in Wales; and Arian erected
+here a "fabrica," or college of armourers. About the year 208, Geta, the
+younger son of Septimius Severus, resided in Bath, while his father was
+in Caledonia, quelling an insurrection. Some complimentary statues were
+raised on this and other occasions. The most eminent of the Roman
+structures was the temple of Minerva, on the eastern side of the great
+fosse-way, and nearly mid-way between the Porta Decumana, and the Porta
+Flumentana. Its western front consisted of a portico, supported by large
+fluted columns, of the Corinthian order. Behind this temple, towards the
+east, stood the splendid baths, the foundations of which were discovered
+in 1755, at the depth of twenty feet beneath the surface. Of the remains
+of Roman grandeur discovered from time to time, various specimens are
+preserved, and deposited, by order of the corporation, in a small
+building erected for the purpose, at the end of Bath-street. In the year
+493, a large army of Saxons, under the command of AElla, and his three
+sons, Cymenus, Pleting, and Cissa, encamped on Lansdown, and laid siege
+to Bath. At this period the heroic Arthur was performing wonders in
+favour of his countrymen. Apprized of the operations of the Saxon
+general, he hastened after him, attacked, and defeated him in a bloody
+and obstinate battle. About twenty-seven years afterwards, he again
+delivered Bath from the assaults of these ferocious invaders, by
+defeating a powerful army, on which occasion he is said to have slain
+four hundred and forty men with his own hand. John de Villula, a native
+of Tours, purchased the demesne of Rufus, in 1090, for five hundred
+marks, and obtained permission to remove the Pontifical seat from Wells
+thither; he rebuilt the monastery and church, restored the public and
+private edifices, and thus became the founder of a new city, on the
+ruins of the old one. Henry I. confirmed and extended the privileges
+which his predecessor had granted, by adding the hidage of the city;
+and, in 1106, Villula, then Bishop of Bath, conferred the whole on the
+monastery of St. Peter. Henry paid a visit to Bath in the Easter of
+1107. The city remained in the possession of the bishops until 1193,
+when Savaric gave it to Richard I., in exchange for the rich Abbey of
+Glastonbury. The prior, however, continued to hold the city under an
+annual rent of thirty pounds, exclusive of the levies which were made by
+the king on extraordinary emergencies. One of these occurred in the
+forty-seventh year of Edward III., to the amount of L13. 6s. 8d., a sum
+which conveys the idea of the inferiority of Bath, in point of
+population, to Bristol, which paid seven times as much. Four years after
+that period, the number of lay inhabitants in the city, above the age of
+fourteen, amounted to 570, and that of the clerics, in the archdeaconry,
+to 201. In this and succeeding reigns the property of the monastery was
+greatly augmented; and the monks of Bath are said to have cultivated the
+manufacture of cloth to such an extent as to render it one of the
+principal cities in the west of England for that branch of trade. This
+city sent Members to Parliament as early as 1297. Queen Elizabeth, in
+1590, granted a charter, which declared Bath to be a city of itself, and
+constituted a certain number of the citizens as a corporation, by "the
+name of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the City of Bath." In the
+reign of James II. the corporation shut the gates against the Duke of
+Monmouth, when he summoned them, and apprehended the few adherents to
+his cause that remained within their walls. Six of these unfortunate
+persons afterwards fell victims to the vindictive cruelty of Jefferies.
+The Jacobite principles prevailed at Bath long after the revolution; and
+Carte, the historian, is said to have headed a party in favour of the
+pretender, during the rebellion of 1715. Being discovered, he leaped out
+of a window in his canonicals, and fled. The city is nearly surrounded
+by an amphitheatre of hills of considerable height. This range of hills
+opens to allow a course for the Avon, which winds around it, receiving
+numerous articles of merchandize, from hence conveyed in barges to
+Bristol. Bath is divided into four parishes: St. Peter and St. Paul, St.
+James, St. Michael, and Walcot, exclusive of the out parishes of
+Bath-Hampton, Bath-Wick, Bath-Ford, and Bath-Easton. The parish of St.
+Peter and St. Paul occupies the centre of the city, and formerly
+contained two churches, the abbey church, and the church of St. Mary of
+Stall, which stood on the spot of ground now occupied by the houses
+connected with the Pump-room Piazza. The Abbey church of Bath is of that
+class of architecture commonly denominated the Florid Gothic. It remains
+in the same form as when finished in 1532. It was founded by Oliver
+King, Bishop of Bath and Wells. It is in length, from east to west, 210
+feet; length of the cross aisles, from north to south, 126 feet; breadth
+of the body and aisles, 72 feet; height of the tower, 152 feet; and the
+height of the roof, or vaulting, 78 feet. The west window is of extreme
+richness. The buttresses, on each side of the aisle windows, are
+ornamented with rolls, containing inscriptions, not now legible, but are
+said to contain the following allegorical allusion to the founder's
+name, taken out of the book of Judges, chap. ix. verse 8:--
+
+   "Trees, going to choose their king,
+   Said--be to us the Olive king."
+
+[Sidenote: King Bladud.]
+
+[Sidenote: The discovery of the Baths.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bladud and his pigs.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Roman city.]
+
+[Sidenote: Their temples and baths.]
+
+[Sidenote: The monastery.]
+
+[Sidenote: Monks were clothiers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cathedral and other churches.]
+
+The windows of this church, fifty-two in number, are supposed to have
+given rise to its appellation of the Lantern of England. Here are
+various monuments, ancient and modern, and a handsome altar-piece,
+representing The Wise Men's Offering, given by General Wade. Here is
+also a fine specimen of monumental architecture in the little chapel, or
+oratory of Prior Bird, who died in 1525. This chapel has suffered much
+from having its tracery despoiled, and a part of it cut away to make
+room for a wooden seat, called the Bishop's Throne. One of the most
+beautiful and conspicuous monuments which ornament the transepts and
+nave is, that of Bishop Montague, at the north centre end of the nave.
+It is an altar-tomb, over which the effigy of the prelate in his robes,
+lies prostrate on its back. Opposite to this is a pillar, bearing a neat
+monument, having on a pyramid of Sienna marble, a medallion, with a
+half-length figure of the witty and celebrated Quin. On a tablet below
+is the following inscription:
+
+   "That tongue which set the table in a roar,
+   And charm'd the public ear, is heard no more:
+   Closed are those eyes, the harbingers of wit,
+   Which spake, before the tongue, what Shakspeare writ;
+   Cold is that hand, which living was stretch'd forth,
+   At friendship's call to succour modest worth.
+   Here lies James Quin:--Deign, reader, to be taught,
+   Whate'er thy strength of body, force of thought,
+   In nature's happiest mould however cast,
+   'To this complexion thou must come at last.'  D. GARRICK.
+              Ob. MDCCLXVI. Etatis LXXIII."
+
+[Sidenote: Quin's monumental inscription.]
+
+Near the last mentioned monument lies buried the celebrated Beau Nash,
+long master of the ceremonies at Bath. Richard Nash was a native of
+Swansea in Glamorganshire, and was born October 18, 1674. His parents
+were in a respectable situation of life; and young Nash received a
+competent classical education at Carmarthen school, from whence he was
+sent to Jesus College, Oxford, at the early age of sixteen. He was
+intended for the profession of the law; but this study was too dull and
+dry for a person of his volatile turn. Pleasure was the goddess he
+adored; and to whose service he devoted himself. He soon involved
+himself in an intrigue with an artful female in Oxford, of which
+description there are always numbers who are laying baits for young men
+of family or personal appearance, and in consequence of this he was
+removed from the University. His relations now purchased a pair of
+colours for him in the army; and here his taste for gallantry and
+dissipation would have been fully gratified, had not his inferior rank,
+and the duties attached to it, subjected him to subordination and
+restraint, which appeared intolerable to a man born for empire, and
+whose ruling passion was too strong to submit to control. He, therefore,
+left the army in disgust, and returned to the law, which he had
+discarded, by entering himself a student of the Middle Temple. Soon
+afterwards Nash was presented with an opportunity of exercising his
+natural talents. It had been an ancient custom with the society to which
+he now belonged, to entertain every new sovereign with a revel and a
+pageant. On the accession of William, Prince of Orange, Nash was
+selected as the most proper person to conduct this mighty business; and
+he succeeded so well, that, it is said, William offered to knight him,
+an honour which he declined. His abilities, however, had attracted
+public notice, and this paved the way to his future success. Bath then
+beginning to rise into some little repute as a place of fashionable
+resort, Nash was induced to visit it in pursuit of pleasure, and soon
+made himself conspicuous by his taste, wit, and gaiety. At this period,
+it was the fashion for both sexes to bathe together quite naked, and for
+ladies to adorn their heads before they entered the bath with all the
+lures of dress. By these means their charms were set off to such
+advantage, that the husband of a lady in the Cross Bath, who with Nash
+and other spectators were admiring the female dabblers, told his wife
+"she looked like an angel, and he wished to be with her." Nash seized
+the favourable occasion to establish his reputation as a man of
+gallantry and spirit, and therefore suddenly taking the gentleman by the
+collar and the waistband of his breeches, soused him over the parapet
+into the bath. The consequence was a duel, in which Nash was wounded in
+the sword-arm; and, as it does not appear he was fond of fighting, it is
+probable that this incident prompted him when he rose to power, to issue
+his edict against wearing swords at Bath, "except by such as were not
+entitled to wear them at any other place." About this time a vacancy
+happening in the office of master of the ceremonies, a place hitherto of
+little profit or honour, the well known talent of Nash for the direction
+and invention of amusements, operated so much in his favour, that he was
+chosen "arbiter elegantiarum," and invested with the fullest power to
+order, arrange, and improve, the manner of the company, routine of
+amusements, and points of etiquette. Under the equal administration of
+Nash, no rank could protect the offender, nor any dignity of situation
+influence him to connive at a breach of his laws. He deliberately
+desired the Duchess of Queensbury, who appeared at a dress ball in an
+apron, to take it off; and when the Princess Amelia requested to have
+one dance more after eleven o'clock, he replied, that the laws of Bath,
+like those of Lycurgus, were unalterable. This firmness of character was
+attended with the most beneficial consequences; and Nash, not ignorant
+what majesty is when stripped of its externals, took care by his dress
+and equipage to support the rank he assumed. He wore a large white hat,
+and drove a carriage with six greys, escorted by several persons on
+horseback, and foot, with French horns and other kinds of musical
+instruments. The Prince of Wales, the Prince of Orange, the nobility and
+gentry, all treated him with respect; and the corporation, who might be
+considered as his privy council, never took any steps without his fiat.
+His prosperity was of long duration; and, if a man who supported himself
+by gambling and intrigues, can be said to deserve prosperity, it was
+justly due to this celebrated character: but at length age and
+infirmities approached! and though Horace says, we should preserve
+consistency to the last, it appeared ridiculous to see grey hairs and
+decrepitude aping the gaiety and hilarity of youth. His admirers in
+consequence fell off; and he lived to be sensible of the folly of a life
+solely devoted to pleasure, and the vanity of pomp, whether real or
+affected.--Beau Nash died February 3, 1761, and was buried at the
+expence of the corporation, in the abbey church, with much pomp and
+solemnity. The crowd that attended his funeral was so great, that not
+only the streets were filled, but the very tops of the houses were
+covered with spectators.--Amongst the places of worship for the
+Dissenters, are the Unitarian chapel, in Trim Street; the Baptist
+chapel, in Garrard Street; the Quaker's meeting-house on St. James's
+Parade; the chapel of the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians, in Monmouth
+Street; a chapel belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists, in New King
+Street; an Independant Calvinist chapel, in Argyle Street; a sort of
+semi-episcopal chapel, in the connection of the late Countess of
+Huntingdon, in Harlequin Row; and a Roman Catholic chapel in Orchard
+Street. The original pump-room, began in 1704, was opened under the
+auspices of Mr. Nash. Its object was to enable the drinkers to take
+exercise without exposing themselves to the weather. The room was
+enlarged in 1751; a portico, stretching from it in a northerly
+direction, was added in 1786; and a superb western frontispiece in 1791.
+Five years afterwards, Mr. Baldwin the architect, erected a new
+pump-room on the site of the old one, on a more extensive and
+magnificent scale. During the full season, a company of musicians
+perform in the gallery every morning. Those who drink the waters, are
+expected to pay about a guinea per month, besides a gratuity to the
+pumper. The public baths are the King's Bath, and Queen's Bath, which
+are connected with each other; the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath. The
+private baths are those belonging to the corporation, in Stall Street,
+adjoining the King's Bath, built in 1788, with dry pumps, sudatories,
+and every other accommodation; and the neat and convenient baths, called
+the Duke of Kingston's, or the Abbey Baths, belonging to Earl Manvers.
+The latter are supplied from the same source as the great pump-room. The
+Bath springs are said to have three distinct sources, the King's Bath,
+the Hot Bath, and the Cross Bath, which arise within a small distance of
+each other. They contain a small quantity of carbonic acid gas, and also
+of azotic gas; some sulphate of soda, and muriate of soda; selenite,
+carbonate of lime; siliceous earth; and a portion of oxyd of iron. These
+waters, taken internally, operate as a stimulant; they increase the
+action of the blood-vessels, and promote the various secretions,
+particularly those of urine and perspiration. The diseases in which
+their external and internal uses render most service, are affections of
+the liver and stomach, jaundice, hypochondriasis, and chlorosis. They
+are especially efficacious in that state of gout termed atonic. The
+external application of the water is highly beneficial in palsy, chronic
+rheumatism, cutaneous diseases, scrofula, lameness, contractions, &c.
+The water, in all cases, should if practicable, be drunk hot from the
+pump. Its effect on the stomach and nerves are sometimes remarkably
+speedy; persons who have lost their appetites and spirits by high
+living, have, by using them a few days, recovered their powers of
+digestion and cheerfulness of mind. The quantity taken is seldom more
+than a pint and a half in the course of the day, and is divided into
+three portions, two before breakfast, allowing half an hour between
+them, and a third at noon. The condition of the patient is, however, to
+be strictly attended to: and the quantity must be regulated at the
+discretion of the physician. The General Hospital of this city was
+established for the reception of all the sick poor in the united
+kingdom, whose complaints require relief from the springs of the place;
+excepting the resident poor, who have the advantage of taking the waters
+at their own houses, at a moderate charge. Edward the Sixth granted
+upwards of eighty tenements, gardens, &c. within the city and its
+suburbs, for the purpose of founding a grammar-school at Bath, and
+maintaining ten poor folk within the said town for ever. The Bath
+Theatre is scarcely inferior to those of the metropolis. The present
+building was erected about the year 1805, in the centre of the city; and
+from its height, it forms a prominent object in the distance from all
+its environs. There are three entrances; the grand front being in
+Beaufort Square. The audience part is somewhat smaller than was that of
+the late Covent Garden Theatre, but the space behind the curtain is much
+larger. The length, within the main walls, is one hundred and twenty
+feet; the breadth sixty feet; and the height seventy. The exterior
+buildings are very extensive; there are three lofty tiers of boxes,
+affording a depth of rows towards the centre. Cast iron bronzed pillars
+are placed at a distance of two feet from the front, by which the first
+row of each circle appears as a balcony, independent of the main
+structure, and thus an inconceivable lightness is obtained. The private
+boxes are inclosed with gilt lattices: the entrance to them is by a
+private house, part of the property connected with the theatre, and they
+are accommodated with a suite of retiring rooms. The decorations are
+very splendid, particularly the ceiling. The Harmonic Society was
+instituted under the patronage of Dr. Harrington; and there is another
+musical society, called the York House Catch Club. The Sydney Garden
+Vauxhall, at the extremity of Great Pulteney Street, abounds with
+groves, vistas, lawns, serpentine walks, alcoves, bowling-greens,
+grottoes and labyrinths. It is known to have contained four thousand
+persons. The riding school affords the public, amusement in wet weather.
+Lansdown races are in June and July. Besides the Public Library, the
+circulating libraries are numerous and well supplied, and the harmonic
+concerts and local institutions of a literary character, are easily
+accessible. It is intended to convert the common fields in the
+neighbourhood of Marlborough Buildings into a public park, laid out with
+numerous rides and walks, ornamental fountains, and plantations. Hackney
+coaches, and chariots, on the same principle as those used in London,
+are established here.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, February 14; (Holloway)
+   July 10; and Aug. 10, (Lansdown) for cattle, horses and all kinds of
+   merchandise. The Falmouth Mail arrives 7.54 morning, and departs 6.30
+   afternoon. The Carmarthen Mail arrives 7.48 morning, and departs 6.56
+   afternoon.--_Bankers_, (Bladud Bank) Tufnell and Co.; draw on Jones,
+   Lloyd and Co.; Tugwell and Co., draw on Barnard and Co.; (Old Bank)
+   Hobhouse and Co., draw on Jones, Lloyd and Co.; (City Bank) Smith and
+   Moger, draw on Barclay and Co.--_Inns_, York Hotel, White Hart, White
+   Lion, Greyhound, Castle, and Elephant and Castle.
+
+[Sidenote: Account of the celebrated Beau Nash.]
+
+[Sidenote: Refused to be knighted.]
+
+[Sidenote: Conduct of Nash towards the Princess Amelia.]
+
+[Sidenote: His death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dissenting Chapels.]
+
+[Sidenote: Use of the waters in certain disorders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Theatre.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sydney Gardens.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.| County.  |Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    34|Bathampton     pa|Somerset  |Bath        2|Chippenham 11|
+    34|Bathealton     pa|Somerset  |Wiveliscomb 3|Milverton   3|
+    34|Batheaston[A]  pa|Somerset  |Bath        3|Chippenham 10|
+    34|Bathford       pa|Somerset  | ...        4|  ...       9|
+    30|Bathley        to|Nottingham|Newark      4|Muskham     1|
+    34|Bathwick       pa|Somerset  |Bath        1|Chippenham 12|
+    45|Batley    pa & to|W.R. York |Wakefield   7|Leeds       8|
+    15|Batsford       pa|Gloucester|Moreton     2|Campden     4|
+    35|Batterley     ham|Stafford  |Sandbach    8|Barthomley  1|
+    43|Battersly     ham|N.R. York |Stokesley   5|Gisborough  7|
+    37|Battersea[B]   pa|Surrey    |Clapham     2|Putney      3|
+    36|Battisford     pa|Suffolk   |Needham     2|Ipswich     4|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.|Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    34|Bathampton     pa|Devizes               15|  104|    314|
+    34|Bathealton     pa|Wellington             5|  153|     98|
+    34|Batheaston[A]  pa|Devizes               14|  103|   1783|
+    34|Bathford       pa|  ...                 13|  102|    870|
+    30|Bathley        to|Southwell              7|  128|    197|
+    34|Bathwick       pa|Devizes               16|  105|   4035|
+    45|Batley    pa & to|Bradford               8|  189|  11335|
+    15|Batsford       pa|Stow                   7|   88|    107|
+    35|Batterley     ham|Newcastle              8|  158|    242|
+    43|Battersly     ham|Helmsley              14|  242|     77|
+    37|Battersea[B]   pa|Hammersmith            3|    4|   5540|
+    36|Battisford     pa|Bildeston              8|   71|    436|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATHEASTON. This village is situated on the London road from Bath.
+The upper part contains the church, and amongst some handsome houses, is
+one which was formerly the residence of John Wood, Esq., the ingenious
+architect, to whom Bath owes many of its noblest buildings. The church
+is antique. At the west-end it has a fine square tower, one hundred feet
+high. The inside is remarkable for its neat and decent appearance. A
+custom long observed at the villa of Sir John Millar, Bart., displays
+his elegance and refinement in the choice of his amusements, as well as
+of his visitors. He had purchased an antique vase, discovered at
+Frescati, in Italy, in 1759; and having placed it in a room convenient
+for the purpose, he consecrated it to Apollo, and ordained Lady Miller,
+high priestess. He then issued a general invitation to all votaries of
+the muses, to assemble on a certain day in each week, and offer their
+poetical oblations at the shrine; the degree of merit each possessed was
+decided by the public voice, and the author of the best was crowned with
+myrtle. A collation succeeded. This attic pastime continued for some
+years, till some witling contaminated the purity of the urn by a
+licentious composition, and the vessel was closed for ever. Two small
+volumes of these effusions have been published.
+
+[Sidenote: The vase of Apollo.]
+
+
+[B] BATTERSEA is seated on the Thames, and gives the title of Baron to
+the family of St. John. The church contains many monuments, chiefly of
+the above noble family; particularly one in grey marble, to the memory
+of the celebrated statesman, Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, and
+of his second wife, whose profiles are sculptured in bass-relief. A
+monument near the south wall, represents Sir Edward Wynter in the act of
+performing two extraordinary exploits, thus described in his epitaph:--
+
+   Alone, unarmed, a tyger he oppressed,
+   And crush'd to death the monster of a beast.
+   Twice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew,
+   Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew,
+   Dispersed the rest--what more could Sampson do?
+
+A neat tablet, at the east end of the church, commemorates Thomas Astle,
+who was long a distinguished member of the Society of Antiquaries,
+Keeper of the Records in the Tower, a Trustee of the British Museum, and
+author of Treatise "on the Origin and Progress of Writing." He died in
+1802, and left a valuable collection of manuscripts. Here are also
+interred, Arthur Collins, Esq., known as the author of an "Historical
+Account of the Peers and Baronets of England;" William Curtis, author of
+the "Flora Londinensis," and the Rev. Joseph Gardner, author of "Views
+on the Rhine," and otherwise distinguished by his attachment to the
+arts. Bolingbroke House was a spacious edifice, said to have contained
+fifty rooms on a floor, of which a few only remain; among which is the
+favourite apartment of Lord Bolingbroke, wainscotted with cedar. A
+horizontal air-mill now occupies the site of this mansion, and in the
+gardens have been erected bullock-houses. Sherwood Lodge, near the
+Thames, is the residence of James Wolf, Esq. whose valuable collection
+of plaster-casts, from antique statues, are deposited in a gallery of
+Doric architecture, remarkable for the purity of its style. A wooden
+bridge was built over the Thames at this place, in 1771.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir E. Wynter's exploits.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bolingbroke house.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |County.|  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+
+    38|Battle[A] m.t. & pa|Sussex |Tunbridge  26|Hastings    8|
+    48|Battle[B]        pa|Brecon |Brecon      3|Trecastle   9|
+   +--+-------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+    38|Battle[A] m.t. & pa|Bexhill            6|    56|   2999|
+    48|Battle[B]        pa|Builth            15|   174|    192|
+   +--+-------------------+--------------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATTLE, anciently called Epiton, derived its present denomination
+from the conflict between William the Norman, and Harold Harefoot, which
+decided the fate of these realms, and gave to the former the surname of
+Conqueror. This engagement happened on the 14th of October, 1066, and
+continued from morning until sunset, when the Normans had sustained a
+loss of 15000 men, and the English four times that number, among whom
+was their king. The Conqueror, grateful for his victory, and in
+performance of a vow, commenced the foundation of an abbey on that part
+of the field where the battle had raged most fiercely, causing the high
+altar to be raised on the spot where the body of his valiant antagonist;
+or, as others say, his standard had been found. This abbey was dedicated
+to St. Martin, and the privileges enjoyed by the superiors within its
+precincts were almost regal; an exclusive right of inquest in cases of
+murder--the property of all treasure discovered there--free warren and
+exemption, even for their tenants, from all ecclesiastical
+jurisdiction--right of sanctuary for their church in cases of
+homicide--and the power of pardoning any condemned thief whom they
+should meet going to execution. From the foundation of this abbey, till
+its dissolution, it was governed by thirty-one abbots. Sometime after
+the latter period, it was the property of the Montagues, who sold it to
+Sir Thomas Webster, and that gentleman made it his residence. Sir
+Godfrey Webster, Bart., is the present owner. In its present state,
+Battle Abbey bears ample testimony to its ancient magnificence, the
+ruins being extensive, and exhibiting a mixture of the light Norman with
+the solid Saxon architecture. These remains occupy two sides of a
+quadrangle, of which one is an ancient gateway. Nine elegant arches, now
+filled up, are all that remain of the church. Two detached buildings,
+supposed to have been refectories, are now converted into offices. The
+town of Battle consists of one street, and has a handsome church, the
+windows of which are embellished with stained glass. The chancel
+contains a fine altar-monument to the memory of Sir Anthony Browne,
+armour-bearer to Henry VIII. This place is celebrated for a manufacture
+of gunpowder, inferior only to that at Dartford.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday; Nov. 22, cattle and
+   pedlary; second Tuesday in every month, cattle.--_Bankers_, Smith,
+   Gill, and Co., draw on Spooner and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 4.20 morning;
+   departs 9.40 afternoon.--_Inn_, George.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey.]
+
+
+[B] BATTLE. The church is placed upon an eminence on the east side of
+the Escir river. It is a low edifice surrounded by a cemetry, bounded by
+a wall. A few straggling houses give this place the name of a village.
+History has fixed this spot as the scene of action where the fate of
+Brecknockshire was decided, upon its attack by Bernard Newmarch. The
+vestiges which indicate such an event, are, a well called Ffynon Pen
+Rhys; a lane called Heol y Cymri, and a long upright stone below the
+church on the south side; no other vestiges remain to recall the event.
+Half a mile eastward from Battle, appears the stately residence of the
+vicar of Llandevalle. Upon the wall of an inner court is an inscription
+in Latin. From the windows of this house are three most beautiful views;
+on the east side through a small vista, are seen the village of
+Llanddew, and in the back ground the black mountain beyond Talgarth.
+From the library, in which is a capital picture of our Saviour bearing
+the Cross, by Correggio, looking west, is the vale of Usk, with the
+highly ornamented grounds above Penpont; beyond which, Abercamlais, and
+the mountains in Llywel and Devynock close the scene. Nearly opposite is
+the gradually rising knoll of Benni, covered to the top on all sides
+with wood, beyond which appear the precipitous and majestic summits of
+the Beacons. Merthyr Cynog, or Saint Cynog, lies about four miles north.
+Cynog or Canoc, was the illegitimate son of Brychan Brecheinog. He was
+slain or murdered in one of the early eruptions of the Saxons into
+Wales, in the 5th century, on the summit of a hill in this parish,
+nearly opposite Castlemadoc, called Vanoleu, and according to Owen, was
+buried in Merthyr church. The edifice which remains, does not appear to
+be of an earlier date than the Norman era; it is situated upon a lofty
+ridge between the vales of Escir fawr and Escir fechan, in nearly the
+centre of the parish. It resembles a large barn, in which are some
+divisions, like pens for sheep, thrown in disorder to rot, when unfit
+for use.
+
+[Sidenote: Scene of a Welsh battle.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County.  |Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+    25|Battle Bridge    ham|Middlesex |Holborn Bars 1|Paddington  2|
+     3|Battleden[A]      pa|Bedford   |Woburn       3|Hockliffe   2|
+    33|Battlefield[B]    pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury   4|Wem         9|
+    16|Baughurst         pa|Hants     |Basingstoke  7|Kingsclere  3|
+     4|Baulking         ham|Berks     |Farringdon   4|Wantage     6|
+    34|Baumber           pa|Lincoln   |Horncastle   6|Wragby      8|
+    15|Baunton           pa|Glocester |Cirencester  2|Northleach  9|
+    56|Bauseley          to|Montgomery|Welch Pool  10|Shrewsbury 12|
+    41|Baverstock        pa|Wilts     |Wilton       4|Salisbury   7|
+    29|Bavington, Great  to|Northumb  |Hexham      12|Bellingham 12|
+    29|Bavington, Little to|Northumb  |  ...       11|   ...     12|
+   +--+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+    25|Battle Bridge    ham|Hoxton                  2|    1|       |
+     3|Battleden[A]      pa|Leighton                4|   39|    145|
+    33|Battlefield[B]    pa|Shawbury                4|  155|     70|
+    16|Baughurst         pa|Newbury                11|   54|    434|
+     4|Baulking         ham|Lambourne               7|   66|    185|
+    34|Baumber           pa|Louth                  12|  141|    356|
+    15|Baunton           pa|Gloucester             17|   91|    144|
+    56|Bauseley          to|Oswestry               11|  165|    365|
+    41|Baverstock        pa|Shaftesbury            13|  292|    166|
+    29|Bavington, Great  to|Newcastle              20|   88|     70|
+    29|Bavington, Little to|   ...                  2|  291|     72|
+   +--+--------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BATTLEDEN lies between the two great north-western roads. The family
+of Firmband, or Fremband, twice represented the county in parliament, as
+early as the reign of Edward III. In the reign of Elizabeth it became
+the property of the Duncombes; and it is to one of this family that we
+are indebted for the accommodation of the now antiquated sedans, or
+close chairs; and in the year 1634, Duncombe is said to have procured a
+patent, which vested in him and his heirs the right of carrying persons
+"up and down in them," for a certain term. "It is probable, (observes
+Lysons,) that Sir Saunders, who was a great traveller, had seen them at
+Sedan, where Dr. Johnson, supposes that they were first made; and it is
+remarkable that Captain Bayley first introduced the use of Hackney
+Coaches in the same year." In the year 1706, this manor was purchased by
+Allen Bathurst, Esq., a distinguished political character during the
+reigns of Queen Anne and George I. It was for many years the country
+seat of Lord Bathurst, and the resort of a celebrated constellation of
+wits, of whom he was the patron and friend.
+
+[Sidenote: The invention of Sedan chairs.]
+
+
+[B] BATTLEFIELD is a parish in the liberties of Shrewsbury, and derives
+its name from a sanguinary battle which was fought there on Saturday the
+21st of July, 1403, between Henry the Fourth and the Rebels, under
+Percy, Earl of Nothumberland, and in which Lord Henry Percy, well known
+as the valiant Hotspur, was slain, together with nearly 2300 gentlemen
+and others, and upwards of 600 common soldiers fell on that memorable
+occasion. After this signal victory, Henry the fourth caused a
+collegiate church to be erected on the spot for secular canons, which
+was dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene, the battle having been fought on
+the anniversary of that day. This college was dissolved in the general
+wreck of establishments of this kind, when its revenues amounted to L54
+10s. 4d. per annum; it is now the parish church. At the east end, over
+the altar window, is a figure of Henry the Fourth, much defaced by the
+corroding hand of time. In a niche in the south wall, is a rude carving
+in wood of the Virgin and child; and in the east window are still to be
+traced some mutilated remains of stained glass; but the most interesting
+object in this church, is a splendid gothic monument, recently erected
+to the memory of the late John Corbet, Esq. of Sundorne. This beautiful
+specimen of architecture is called the Tudor gothic; the interior
+represents the miniature aisle of a cathedral or cloister, with its
+elaborately groined roof, and the front is adorned by the heraldic
+blazonings of the family. This fine and highly prized piece of art was
+designed by the Rev. Archdeacon Owen, of Shrewsbury, and most admirably
+executed by Messrs. Carline of that town, in a warmly tinted fine
+grained stone, from the Grinshill quarries in the neighbourhood.
+
+[Sidenote: Battle between Henry the Fourth and Percy of Northumberland.]
+
+[Sidenote: Splendid monument.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County. |    Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+    27|Bawburgh      pa|Norfolk  |Norwich     5|Wymondham    5|
+    27|Bawdeswell    pa|Norfolk  |Reepham     4|Swanton      3|
+    34|Bawdrip       pa|Somerset |Bridgewater 4|Glastonbury 11|
+    36|Bawdsey       pa|Suffolk  |Woodbridge  8|Orford      10|
+    27|Bawsey        pa|Norfolk  |Lynn        3|Cas. Rising  4|
+    46|Bawtry[A]   m.t.|W.R. York|Doncaster   9|E. Retford   8|
+    39|Baxterly      pa|Warwick  |Atherstone  5|Tamworth     7|
+    41|Baydon        pa|Wilts    |Ramsbury    4|Lambourne    4|
+    27|Bayfield      pa|Norfolk  |Holt        2|Cley         2|
+    18|Bayford       pa|Herts    |Hertford    4|Hatfield     6|
+    34|Bayford       pa|Somerset |Wincaunton  1|Bourton      3|
+    36|Bayleham      pa|Suffolk  |Needham     3|Ipswich      7|
+    22|Bayley        to|Lancaster|Clitheroe   6|Blackburn    7|
+    25|Bayswater[B] ham|Middlesex|Tyburn      1|Acton        4|
+   +--+----------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    27|Bawburgh      pa|E. Dereham           12|  105|     440|
+    27|Bawdeswell    pa|                      7|  107|     587|
+    34|Bawdrip       pa|Stowey               12|  136|     373|
+    36|Bawdsey       pa|Ipswich              13|   80|     454|
+    27|Bawsey        pa|Middleton             3|   99|      39|
+    46|Bawtry[A]   m.t.|Gainsboro'           13|  153|    1149|
+    39|Baxterly      pa|Coleshill             7|  111|     189|
+    41|Baydon        pa|Swindon              10|   69|     358|
+    27|Bayfield      pa|Wells                10|  122|      17|
+    18|Bayford       pa|Hoddesdon             5|   21|     332|
+    34|Bayford       pa|Mere                  6|  107|        |
+    36|Bayleham      pa|Bildeston             9|   72|     238|
+    22|Bayley        to|Preston              12|  219|        |
+    25|Bayswater[B] ham|Southall              8|    1|        |
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BAWTRY is a small town situated on the edge of Yorkshire, adjoining
+Nottinghamshire. It is handsome and well built; and the high street,
+through which lies the great North Road from London to Edinburgh, is
+very broad, and contains some elegant houses. At the upper part of this
+street is the market-place, in which are some excellent shambles. The
+town stands on a gentle but pleasant eminence, which slopes from the
+north and east down to the river Idle, which river is navigable to this
+place for small craft. On the western side of the town the ground is
+high and exceedingly pleasant, but the eastern, or marshy side, is
+subject to frequent winter inundations. The object which most travellers
+consider more especially worthy of attention, is the elegant mansion of
+the Viscountess Galway. The edifice is built of brick and is pleasantly
+situated at the southern extremity of the town; it has an extensive and
+handsome front, but a high brick wall secludes it from public view. The
+pleasure grounds which are kept in excellent condition, are stocked with
+Chinese pheasants, and other rare and curious birds. Near this place the
+Archbishops of York had a palace; and at this mansion, Archbishop
+Savage, in the time of Henry VII. delighted to take his pleasure in
+hunting; and in the next reign it was the residence of Cardinal Wolsey.
+The palace stood in a very low and damp situation, close to the
+confluence of the small river Ryton with the Idle. The great gateway,
+and the porter's lodge, were taken down towards the end of the last
+century, and what remains of the palace has been converted into a farm
+house.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Tuesday; and November 22, for
+   cattle and horses.--_Inn_, Crown--_Mail_ arrives 2.0 afternoon;
+   departs 11.30 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Viscountess Galway.]
+
+
+[B] BAYSWATER is situated on the Oxford Road, and is the first place
+passed after leaving London; it has been much increased of late by the
+building of new streets and genteel residences. A reservoir, under the
+same management as the water works of Chelsea, is in the neighbourhood.
+Bayswater Tea Gardens were formerly the Botanic gardens of Sir John
+Hill, who cultivated there his medicinal plants, and prepared his Water
+Dock, Essence, and Balsam of Honey. The reservoir before mentioned, was
+intended for the supply of the palace at Kensington, and the bason
+before the palace was to be kept constantly full by the proprietors;
+and, it was upon this condition that the property was granted them. It
+now supplies that part of the city estates situated in about
+Bond-street, with water.
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |  County. |  Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    14|Baythorne End          |Essex     |Haverhill   4|Ridgewell   2|
+    42|Bayton               pa|Worcester |Bewdley     6|Tenbury     8|
+    57|Bayvill              pa|Pembroke  |Newport     3|Cardigan    9|
+     4|Bayworth            ham|Berks     |Abingdon    2|Oxford      4|
+     5|Beachampton[A]       pa|Bucks     |Buckingham  6|Stratford   3|
+    27|Beachamwell          pa|Norfolk   |Swaffham    6|Stoke Ferry 6|
+    18|Beaches             ham|Herts     |Buntingford 7|Standon     7|
+    15|Beachley[B]         ham|Gloucester|Chepstow    3|Bristol    13|
+    27|Beacon                 |Norfolk   |Cromer      6|Lt. Houses 10|
+     5|Beaconsfield[C] to & pa|Bucks     |Uxbridge    8|Wycombe     6|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    14|Baythorne End          |G. Yeldham             5|   55|       |
+    42|Bayton               pa|Mamble                 2|  130|    445|
+    57|Bayvill              pa|Fishguard             10|  248|    160|
+     4|Bayworth            ham|Cumnor                 5|   58|       |
+     5|Beachampton[A]       pa|Newport                9|   53|    254|
+    27|Beachamwell          pa|Marham                 5|   94|    263|
+    18|Beaches             ham|Barkway                6|   32|       |
+    15|Beachley[B]         ham|Monmouth              18|  131|       |
+    27|Beacon                 |Bacton                 5|  135|       |
+     5|Beaconsfield[C] to & pa|Amersham               6|   23|   1763|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEACHAMPTON. The remains of the mansion of the Bennetts have been
+converted into a farm-house, but the great hall is still standing. In
+the parish church are some monuments of this family; among which there
+is one to the memory of Sir Simon Bennett, who was created a baronet in
+1627, and is recorded in history as having been a great friend to the
+poor, and to University College, Oxford. This monument, it appears, was
+set up by the college 100 years after his death, and great blame is
+imputed to them for having delayed it so long. Mr. William Elmer, by his
+will, bearing date 1648, founded a free grammar school in this parish.
+The school-house was finished in 1667. The master, by an express clause
+in the founder's will, must be a single man, and is to reside in the
+school-house. It is endowed with lands, which are charged with the
+payment of a certain pension of L2. per annum, to eight poor men, and
+L1. per annum to as many poor women; and it is further provided, that
+three of each of these shall be inhabitants of this parish.
+
+[Sidenote: Free grammar school.]
+
+
+[B] BEACHLEY from its almost insulated situation, has always been of
+great importance in a military point of view, for there are extensive
+earthworks of British origin still remaining. Offa's-dyke, which
+terminates here, is still to be traced. In the civil wars this place was
+considered of much importance, for Prince Rupert despatched a body of
+500 horse and foot to occupy and fortify it. But history relates, that
+even before the fortifications were completed, the garrison was
+dislodged with great loss, by Governor Massie. After this, a battle was
+fought between the royalists and the parliamentary forces, under Sir
+John Wyntor, when the latter was defeated with the loss of 220 men; and
+it is currently reported that he himself was forced to leap from the
+cliff into the river Severn, where a small boat lay ready to receive
+him; it is certain the place still goes by the name of "Wyntor's leap."
+The ferry over the river Severn has been before mentioned at page 63.
+Here is an inn called Beachley Passage House Inn. The time of high water
+is nearly the same as at Bristol Quay, and is always to be seen in the
+Bristol Newspapers. If the wind be northerly, this passage may be
+crossed for five hours before high-water; and if the wind be southerly
+or westerly, it may be passed for seven hours after high-water.
+
+[Sidenote: Once a place of great importance.]
+
+[Sidenote: Waller, the poet.]
+
+
+[C] BEACONSFIELD is a small place, although it is one of great
+thoroughfare, but the market is almost wholly disused; in fact, Wycombe
+and Uxbridge appear to have drawn away the business. The manor,
+anciently an estate of the Windsors, afterwards became the property of
+the Monks of Burnham Abbey, a building but a few miles distant. Edmund
+Waller, the poet, was born at Coleshill, in this neighbourhood, at which
+place see his life; he was proprietor of the very pleasing seat, called
+Hall Barns, an ancient mansion belonging to the family; he lies buried
+in the churchyard, and a monument has been erected to his memory, with a
+latin inscription, too long and too dry to be given in our work.
+Gregories, in this parish, was the seat of the celebrated Edmund Burke,
+who, for critical taste and brilliancy of language, will ever be ranked
+amongst the most fascinating of English writers. His company was sought
+for by all who could make the slightest pretension to kindred genius. He
+died in this town, and was buried in the church, where a marble tablet
+is set up, with a short inscription, to his memory. The apartments at
+Butler's Court, formerly Gregories, contained some fine paintings, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, and some valuable marbles. This seat, we believe,
+came into the possession of Mr. Burke through the friendship of Lord
+Verney and the Marquis of Rockingham, by whose munificence he was
+enabled to purchase it. The widow of the late Mr. Burke continued to
+reside at Butler's Court till the period of her death, which took place
+a few years after that of her late husband; the mansion and estate was
+afterwards purchased by James Dupre, Esq., who let the house to the
+master of a boarding-school, and in whose occupation it was destroyed by
+fire: the grounds have since been adapted to the purpose of agriculture.
+For the following interesting sketch of the illustrious and
+distinguished statesman, (Burke,) we are indebted to Dr. Watkin's
+Biographical Dictionary:--"He was born at Dublin, in 1730. His father
+was an attorney, and a Protestant. The son received his education under
+Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker, who kept a school at Ballytore, near
+Carlow, and it is recorded to the honour of Mr. Burke, that whenever he
+visited Ireland he always paid his respects to his old tutors: in 1746
+he entered as a scholar at Trinity College, which he left on taking his
+bachelor's degree in 1749, and soon after became candidate for the
+professorship of logic at Glasgow, but did not succeed. In 1753 he
+entered of the Middle Temple, where he applied more to general
+literature than to the law, and supported himself by writing for the
+booksellers. Falling ill, through too close an application to his
+studies, he removed to the house of Dr. Nugent, a physician, whose
+daughter he afterwards married. In 1756 he published a pamphlet,
+entitled, "A Vindication of Natural Society." This piece was purposely
+drawn up in the manner of Lord Bolingbroke, and for a time imposed upon
+the friends of that writer as his real productions. His next performance
+was the Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful, published in 1757. This
+philosophical piece of criticism, written in a fine and elegant style,
+procured the author a great reputation, and the esteem of the first
+literary characters of the age; the principal of whom was Dr. Johnson.
+In 1758, he suggested to Mr. Dodsley, the bookseller, the plan of the
+"Annual Register," the historical part of which he wrote for several
+years. In 1761 he went to Ireland as the companion of his friend Mr.
+Hamilton, secretary to the Earl of Halifax, then Lord-Lieutenant. That
+gentleman, who was generally known by the name of Single-speech
+Hamilton, from the circumstance of his making only one speech in
+parliament, but one of uncommon eloquence, procured him a pension of
+L300. on the Irish establishment. On his return from Ireland he was made
+private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham, First Lord of the
+Treasury, who brought him into parliament for Wendover. The Rockingham
+party continued in power but a short time, and on going out of office,
+Mr. Burke wrote a forcible pamphlet upon the subject, entitled, "A Short
+Account of a Short Administration;" after which, he became an active
+member of the opposition, as a senator and also as a writer. A pamphlet
+of his, entitled, "Thoughts on the Causes of the present Discontents,"
+excited considerable interest as a bold exposure of court intrigues and
+favourites, in controlling the operations of ministers. In the struggle
+between Great Britain and the colonies, Mr. Burke bore a distinguished
+part as an opponent to the ministry. His speeches were vehement, and had
+so powerful an influence upon the people, that the citizens of Bristol,
+in 1774, invited him to be one of their representatives, without his
+being at the least expense. But at the next election in 1780, he was
+rejected by them for having supported the Irish petition for a free
+trade, and the bill for relieving Roman Catholics. He was then returned
+for Malton, in Yorkshire. At this time he gained great popularity by his
+introduction of a bill for a reform in the national expenditure, on
+which he spent prodigious labour, but it was unsuccessful. When the
+Marquis of Rockingham returned to power on the resignation of Lord
+North, in 1782, Mr. Burke obtained the post of Paymaster-general of the
+Forces, and a seat in the Privy Council; but this was of short duration,
+for on the death of his patron, Lord Shelbourne became First Lord of the
+Treasury, and Mr. Burke, with several of his friends, resigned their
+places. In the coalition, which for a little while succeeded the
+Shelbourne administration, Mr. Burke had his share both of emolument and
+abuse. The leading particulars of his political life, after this, were
+his exertions against Mr. Hastings, in which he manifested uncommon
+industry to fasten guilt upon that gentleman, with no small share of
+personal asperity; his vigorous opposition to Mr. Pitt's design of
+forming a limited regency on the King's illness in 1788; and above all,
+his ardour against the actors and defenders of the French revolution. On
+the latter subject he evinced peculiar sagacity at the outset, and when
+many worthy men were rejoicing at the prospect of rising liberty and
+happiness to the world, Mr. Burke predicted, with remarkable precision,
+the desolation, bloodshed, anarchy, and misery which ensued. He
+displayed his detestation of the revolutionists in the House of Commons,
+and separated himself in consequence from Mr. Fox, and many other of his
+old associates. In 1790 he published his famous "Reflections on the
+Revolution in France," which attracted wonderful attention, and produced
+a surprising effect upon the public mind. Many publications appeared in
+answer to this book; the most noted of which was Paine's pamphlet,
+entitled "The Rights of Man," wherein the principles of republicanism
+were so artfully addressed to the feelings of ordinary persons, as to
+excite for a time no small alarm to the friends of government. Mr.
+Burke, after this, published a variety of pamphlets in support of his
+positions: as, "A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly;" "An
+Appeal from the New Whigs to the Old;" "Thoughts on a Regicide peace,"
+&c. His zeal on this occasion, as well as his extraordinary talents,
+recommended him to the royal favour, and he obtained a pension, which
+gave room for those who had been galled by his arguments, to reproach
+him, and some illiberal animadversions were made upon him in the senate,
+which drew from him that admirable defence, his "Letter to a Noble
+Lord," in which he retaliates upon a celebrated Duke in a strain of keen
+irony and dignified remonstrance. Mr. Burke withdrew from parliament in
+1794, leaving his seat for Malton to his son, an accomplished young man,
+who died shortly after. This melancholy event hastened his death, which
+happened the 8th of July, 1797. A little before his death he caused to
+be read to him Addison's paper in the Spectator, on the Immortality of
+the Soul. Mr. Burke was very amiable in his private life, of correct
+deportment, faithful in his attachments; charitable to the poor, and
+religious without being superstitious. He had a fine taste for the arts,
+and was fond of gardening and architecture," Bulstrode, the seat of the
+Duke of Portland, is within three miles of the town; a more detailed
+account of this elegant mansion will be given in a future portion of our
+work.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Feb. 13; and Holy Thursday, for
+   horses, cows, and sheep.--_Mail_ arrives 11.10 night; departs, 3.30
+   morning.--_Inn_, Saracen's Head.
+
+[Sidenote: The celebrated Edmund Burke.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sketch of his life.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burke's reflections on the French revolution, &c.] [Sidenote:
+His death.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+    43|Beadlam       to|N.R. York |Helmesley  3|Kirkby     2|
+    29|Beadnell      to|Northumb  |Belford    9|Aluwick   13|
+    11|Beaford       pa|Devon     |Torrington 5|Chumleigh 10|
+    45|Beaghall      to|W.R. York |Pontefract 6|Snaith     7|
+    21|Beaksbourne   pa|Kent      |Canterbury 4|Wingham    3|
+    29|Beal         ham|Durham    |Belford    8|Berwick    8|
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    43|Beadlam       to|Gillamoor             3|  225|   157|
+    29|Beadnell      to|Ellingham             8|  321|   251|
+    11|Beaford       pa|Hatherleigh           9|  200|   624|
+    45|Beaghall      to|Selby                 6|  178|   563|
+    21|Beaksbourne   pa|Dover                 2|   59|   351|
+    29|Beal         ham|Wooler                2|  330|    70|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+   Map|    Names of Places.    |  County. |Number of Miles from       |
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+    36|Bealing, Great        pa|Suffolk   |Woodbridge  3|Ipswich     7|
+    36|Bealing, Little       pa|Suffolk   |...         4|...         6|
+    34|Beamhurst             ..|Stafford  |Cheadle     7|Uttoxeter   3|
+    12|Beaminster,[A] m.t. & ch|Dorset    |Dorchester 18|Bridport    6|
+    13|Beamish               to|Durham    |Gateshead   6|Durham      6|
+    45|Beamsley              to|W.R. York |Skipton     6|Addingham   2|
+    29|Beanley               to|Northumb. |Alnwick     8|Wooler      9|
+    10|Beard                 to|Derby     |Ashton      8|Manchester 15|
+    37|Bear Green            ..|Surrey    |Dorking     4|Horsham     9|
+    39|Bearly                pa|Warwick   |Stratford   4|Warwick     8|
+    21|Bearsted              pa|Kent      |Maidstone   3|Milton     10|
+    33|Bearston              to|Salop     |Drayton     4|Eccleshall  9|
+    10|Bearward-Cote         to|Derby     |Derby       6|Sudbury     8|
+    40|Beathwaite Green,    ham|Westmorlnd|Kendal      6|Millthorpe  3|
+    10|Beauchief Abbey,   e.p.l|Derby     |Sheffield   4|Dronfield   4|
+    39|Beaudesert[B]         pa|Warwick   |Henley      1|Stratford   9|
+   +--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                        |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.      |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    36|Bealing, Great        pa|Wickham                8|   76|    367|
+    36|Bealing, Little       pa|...                    9|   75|    272|
+    34|Beamhurst             ..|Checkley               2|  139|       |
+    12|Beaminster,[A] m.t. & ch|Crewkerne              7|  141|   2968|
+    13|Beamish               to|Sunderland            10|  265|   1848|
+    45|Beamsley              to|Otley                 10|  215|    279|
+    29|Beanley               to|Belford               11|  314|    169|
+    10|Beard                 to|Sheffield             23|  177|    283|
+    37|Bear Green            ..|Capel                  2|   28|       |
+    39|Bearly                pa|Henley                 5|   97|    230|
+    21|Bearsted              pa|Chatham                9|   37|    594|
+    33|Bearston              to|Nantwich              12|  157|     95|
+    10|Bearward-Cote         to|Uttoxeter             13|  130|       |
+    40|Beathwaite Green,    ham|Burton                 7|  258|       |
+    10|Beauchief Abbey,   e.p.l|Chesterfield          10|  160|     85|
+    39|Beaudesert[B]         pa|Birmingham            16|  102|    199|
+   +--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEAMINSTER is a town of very great antiquity; it is situated on a
+fertile spot near the banks of the small river Birt. The prebendaries of
+Salisbury were formerly lords of the manor, until the parliamentary
+commissioners (who appear to have made very free with church property)
+seized it, and for a time it passed into other hands, but it was only
+for a time: the right at length became acknowledged, and in the
+possession of the prebendaries of Sarum it now remains. This town has
+suffered much by the devastation of fire, and still more by the
+destructive sword of civil, or rather uncivil, warfare. Britton speaks
+of a record of the former being preserved in a blank leaf of an old
+Bible, in the possession of a gentleman of this town, which memorandum
+ran as follows:--"The towne of Beaminster was burnt on Palme Sunday,
+being the 14th day of April, and in the year of our Lord 1644. At the
+same time prince Maurice, being in the towne seven dayes before the
+fire, and there continued till the fire burnt him out of his quarters.
+The fire was first kindled in John Sergeant's house, in North-street; it
+was a musket discharged in the gable; and it was wild-fire, and the
+winde lying directly with the towne, the whole place was destroyed in
+two hours; and those goods for the most part which were saved out of the
+fire were carried away by the soldiers. There were seven score and four
+dwelling-houses, besides barns and stables, burnt." An eye-witness in
+Sir Thomas Fairfax's army describes it as "a place of the pitifullest
+spectacle that man can behold; hardly a house left not consumed by
+fire." Two thousand pounds were granted by the parliament to assist in
+re-building the town: this, with other sums, raised by the neighbouring
+gentry, answered the purpose. But it appears that the place was doomed
+to destruction, for in June, 1684, it was again consumed, and the loss
+is said to have amounted to L10,000.: nor did its misfortunes end here,
+for in the gusty month of March, in the year 1781, upwards of fifty
+dwelling-houses, besides barns, stables, and other buildings, were
+reduced to ruins in the short space of three hours. Mrs. Tucker founded
+a free-school here, in 1684, for the purpose of affording education to
+twenty of the poorest boys in the town; three or four of these boys were
+to be apprenticed annually, and it is necessary that one of these, at
+least, should become a seaman. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Hood, father of Lord
+Hood, was master of this school in the year 1715. The inhabitants are
+principally engaged in the manufacture of sail-cloth, and in the
+production of iron, tin, and copper ware. The work-house is a large
+commodious building; formerly an alms-house.
+
+   _Market_, Thursday.--_Fairs_, April 4; September 19, for horses,
+   sheep, and cattle.
+
+[Sidenote: Destroyed by fire in 1644.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burnt down in 1684, and again in 1781.]
+
+
+[B] BEAUDESERT. This place is situated in the hundred of Barlichway. The
+church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, and exhibits some good specimens of
+ancient architecture. The village was the birth-place of Richard Jago,
+the poet, who was the son of the rector: he was born in 1715, and was
+educated at Solihull grammar-school, about eleven miles distant from
+this place. His first poetical production which attracted notice was an
+"Elegy on the Death of a Blackbird," and this was followed by a poem,
+descriptive of the "Battle of Edgehill," which is considered the most
+finished of his works: the subject was in all probability suggested by
+his residence in the neighbourhood of the scene of action. He died on
+the 8th of April, 1781.
+
+   Map|Names of Places. |County. |Number of Miles from        |
+   +--+------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+    16|Beaulieu[A]   pa. |Hants    |Lymington    7|Hythe     5|
+    23|Beau Manor ex. pl.|Leicester|Mount Sorrel 3|Loughboro 3|
+   +--+------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+                                                  |Dist. |
+   Map|Names of Places.  |Number of Miles from    |Lond. |Population.
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+------+----+
+    16|Beaulieu[A]   pa. |Southampton            7|    82|1298|
+    23|Beau Manor ex. pl.|Leicester              8|   106|  98|
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+------+----+
+
+
+[A] BEAULIEU. The river Exe, over which there is a bridge, is navigable
+up to this village. Here is a manufacture of coarse sacking. The ruins
+of Beaulieu Abbey are beautifully situated on the eastern banks of the
+river. The delightful valley which surrounds these venerable remains, is
+of a circular form, bounded by well-wooded hills, and in itself,
+consists of a rich variety of ground. The Abbey was founded, A.D. 1204,
+by King John, for monks of the Cistercian order; a class of friars to
+which that monarch had been previously particularly adverse. The king,
+it is said, after various oppressive measures exercised against the
+Cistercians, summoned the Abbots and principals of that order, to
+Lincoln, whither they hastened, flattering themselves that he would
+there confer upon them some marks of his grace and favor. Instead of
+this, say the monkish historians, "the savage monarch ordered the Abbots
+to be trodden to death, by horses: but none of his attendants being
+found sufficiently cruel to obey the sanguinary command, the
+ecclesiastics, dreadfully alarmed, retired hastily to their inn. In the
+course of the ensuing night, when the monarch slumbered on his bed, he
+dreamt that he was standing before a Judge, accompanied by the
+Cistercian Abbots, who were commanded to scourge him severely with rods
+and thongs; and when he awoke in the morning, he declared that he still
+felt the smart of the beating. On relating this dream to a certain
+ecclesiastic of his court, he was advised to crave pardon of the Abbots,
+whom he had before so barbarously treated; and assured, that the
+Almighty had been infinitely merciful to him, in thus revealing the
+mysteries of his dispensations, and affording him paternal correction.
+The king, adopting this counsel, ordered the Abbots to attend him; and,
+contrary to their expectations, received them with kindness:" and the
+remembrance of his dream still continuing to influence his conduct, he
+shortly after granted a charter for the foundation of the Abbey of
+Beaulieu. It was greatly enriched by succeeding grants; and at the
+Dissolution, its possessions were estimated at the annual value of L428.
+6s. 8d. The manor of Beaulieu, with all its rights, privileges, and
+appurtenances, (the rectory and right of patronage excepted), was
+granted to Thomas Wriothesley, Esq. afterwards Earl of Southampton. The
+circumference of the manor embraces an extent of 28 miles, and the clear
+annual revenue amounts to between L4000 and L5000. The immediate
+precincts of the Abbey were encircled by a stone wall, the remains of
+which are richly mantled with ivy. An edifice, nearly square, now called
+the palace, but originally built for the Abbot's lodging, was converted
+into a family seat after the Dissolution. Over the entrance is a
+canopied niche, in which stood the image of the Virgin Mary. The hall is
+a well proportioned room, handsomely vaulted, the ribs springing from
+pilasters, and spreading over the roof in beautiful ramifications.
+Eastward from this edifice is a long building, supposed from the extent
+and height of the apartments, to have been the dormitory; beneath it are
+several good cellars. The ancient kitchen is also standing, and near it
+is the refectory, a plain stone edifice, with strong buttresses: this is
+now the parish church of Beaulieu; the Abbey church, which stood to the
+north-east, having been entirely destroyed. On the west side is the
+ancient rostrum, or pulpit, from which lectures were read when the monks
+were assembled at their meals below. The site of the Abbey Church may be
+traced by the unevenness of the ground; but not a vestige of the
+building is remaining. Fragments of demolished tombs are occasionally
+dug up here, this having been the burial-place of various illustrious
+and noble personages, and among them, Queen Eleanor, mother of King
+John. Some traces of the cloisters are yet distinguishable. Whilst
+Beaulieu Abbey was invested with the privilege of a sanctuary, its walls
+afforded a temporary protection to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry
+VI.; who, returning from the continent, in expectation of being
+reinstated in her former dignity, was informed of the imprisonment of
+her husband, the destruction of his army, and the death of the Earl of
+Warwick, and the elevation to the throne of Edward IV. Another
+celebrated fugitive, to whom this abbey afforded sanctuary, was Perkin
+Warbeck, who, after many vicissitudes, was executed at Tyburn, in 1499.
+
+[Sidenote: The Abbey founded by King John.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king's singular dream.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manor extends 28 miles.]
+
+[Sidenote: Burial place of Queen Eleanor.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.  |County.   | Number of Miles from |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+----------+
+    47|Beaumaris[A]  m.t.|Anglesea  |Bangor    7|Aber     6|
+     9|Beaumont       pa.|Cumberland|Carlisle  5|Gretna   7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+----------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.  |Number of Miles from  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+    47|Beaumaris[A]  m.t.|Holyhead            22|  251| 2497|
+     9|Beaumont       pa.|Longtown             8|  306|  276|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEAUMARIS, though but a small place, is the capital of the island;
+it is finely situated on a low shore, called Beaumaris Bay. The present
+town appears to have originated from the circumstance of a castle having
+been erected here about the close of the 13th century, by Edward I. It
+lies close to the town, covering a large space of ground, in a low
+situation. Its erection was subsequent to its proud rivals Conway and
+Caernarvon. The necessity of the present castle arose from Rhyddlan,
+upon the opposite shore, being often possessed by the Welsh princes. It
+appears to have been the last of the three great fortresses erected by
+Edward. On the conquest of Wales in 1295, he fixed upon this spot with a
+view of surrounding it with a fosse, for the double purpose of defence,
+and bringing small craft to unload their cargoes under its walls, by a
+canal, part of which was, till lately, remaining. From the period of its
+erection to the time of Charles I., it does not appear to have been at
+all conspicuous on the page of history. A communication was made between
+various parts of the inner court, by means of a surrounding gallery,
+about six feet wide, a considerable portion of which is yet entire.
+Within recesses, in the sides of the gallery, are several square
+apertures, apparently once furnished with trap doors, which opened into
+rooms beneath; but their use has not been ascertained. Mr. Grose thinks
+they might have been used for the purposes of imprisonment. A tennis,
+fives court, and bowling-green, have been formed within the interior.
+The town of Beaumaris was surrounded with walls, for its defence, and
+placed under the government of a corporation, endowed with various
+privileges and lands. Mr. Lloyd supposes, from local tokens being
+circulated by opulent tradesmen, about the year 1650, of which he had
+several in his possession, that it was a place of considerable traffic.
+The present town consists of several streets, of which one terminated by
+the castle is handsome, and the houses are generally well built.
+Beaumaris is much frequented during the summer months, by numerous
+genteel families, attracted by the pleasantness of this part of the
+island, and to avail themselves of the benefit of sea-bathing. The
+parochial church is a handsome structure, consisting of a chancel, nave,
+and two aisles, with a large square embattled tower. In the vestry
+adjoining were deposited the remains of lady Beatrice Herbert, daughter
+of the celebrated mirror of chivalry, the Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Near
+which lies interred the Rev. Gronwy Davies, with an inscription
+concluding as follows:
+
+   "Here lies learning, friendship, love;
+   And innocency of the dove.
+   Within this grave and in the dust
+   His ever courteous body must
+   Until the resurrection lie;
+   Then he shall live and death shall die."
+
+The free-school was erected and liberally endowed by David Hughes, Esq.,
+in the year 1603, who ten years afterwards founded also an excellent
+alms-house for six poor persons, to whom he granted small annuities. He
+was born about the middle of the 16th century, in a cottage now in
+ruins. He left the island early in life, in a very humble station, but
+by prudence and propriety of conduct, he made a decent fortune.
+
+   "'T is here the active worth of Hughes appears,
+   A blessed asylum for the wreck of years!
+   If there his views the opening mind engage,
+   Here he supports the trembling limbs of age;
+   His breast embrac'd within his godlike plan,
+   At once the morn and evening hours of man!
+   And ye who here his lasting bounty share,
+   Whose tranquil days decline without a care!
+   If still, as night shall close, day greet your eyes,
+   No grateful aspirations reach the skies,
+   Indignant heaven beholds you with a frown,
+   Nor gives the ingrate, life's immortal crown."   LLOYD.
+
+The old town-hall, built in 1563, has been taken down, and under the
+patronage of Lord Viscount Bulkeley, another more elegant has been
+erected upon its site. The town, re-incorporated in the 4th year of
+Elizabeth, is governed by a mayor, recorder, two bailiffs, twenty-four
+burgessess, two serjeants at mace, a town clerk, jailor, four
+constables, and a water-bailiff. The county hall is a small low
+building, being neither conveniently formed nor respectable in its
+appearance. The custom-house stands upon the green near the edge of the
+water. Beaumaris bay consists of an expansive opening in front of the
+town, so sheltered by the island of Priesholme and the great Ormeshead,
+as to allow vessels of considerable burden to ride in safety, during the
+most stormy weather. The depth of water near the town, at ebb-tide, is
+from six to seven fathoms, but the channel scarcely exceeds a quarter of
+a mile in breadth. The greater part of the bay is left dry for several
+miles when the tide is out, which part is called the Lavan Sands. These
+once formed a habitable hundred, belonging to the territory of Arson.
+They were formerly called Wylofaen, or the place of Weeping, from the
+shrieks and lamentations of the inhabitants at the time when the land
+was overwhelmed by the sea. Lavan is a corruption of Traeth Talaven, or
+the fermented heap, allusive to the boiling up of water in the
+quicksands. The ferry was granted by charter to the corporation in the
+4th year of Elizabeth: it lies near the town. The place of embarking or
+landing is the point anciently known under the appellation of Penrhyn
+Safness, but afterwards Osmund's Air, from a malefactor, who on his way
+to execution, being asked where he was going, answered, "To take the
+air." The walk over the sand at low water is firm and good; they should
+be passed three hours after high water, and will be safe for four hours;
+or in other words, two hours before low water and two after. Precautions
+are essentially necessary to be taken, for near the times of the sands
+being covered by the sea they are frequently shifting, and in many
+places become so watery or quick, as to have proved both dangerous and
+fatal. This way is equally perilous in foggy weather, but as some
+persons are necessitated to pass in every season, the large bell at Aber
+is humanely rung, to direct them towards the sound.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Feb. 13, Holy Thursday,
+   Sept. 19, and Dec. 19, for cattle.--_Inn_, Bull's Head.
+
+[Sidenote: Chief town in Anglesea.]
+
+[Sidenote: Much frequented in summer.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its government.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lavan sands]
+
+[Sidenote: Caution.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County. |  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+    14|Beaumont          pa|Essex    |Manningtree  7|Colchester 16|
+    13|Beaumont Hill     to|Durham   |Darlington   4|Sedgefield  9|
+    23|BeaumontLeys  ex. pl|Leicester|Leicester    2|Belgrave    1|
+    38|Beauport            |Sussex   |Battle       3|Hastings    5|
+    39|Beausall         ham|Warwick  |Warwick      6|Kenilworth  4|
+    16|Beaworth          ti|Southamp.|Alresford    5|Bis Waltham 7|
+    11|Beaworthy         pa|Devon    |Hatherleigh  7|Holsworthy  9|
+     7|Bebbington, Upper to|Chester  |Great Neston 7|Liverpool   6|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+    14|Beaumont          pa|Harwich                9|   67|    452|
+    13|Beaumont Hill     to|Stockton              11|  245|       |
+    23|BeaumontLeys  ex. pl|Grooby                 4|  100|     28|
+    38|Beauport            |Robertsbridg           9|   59|       |
+    39|Beausall         ham|Solihull               9|   96|       |
+    16|Beaworth          ti|Winchester             5|   62|    156|
+    11|Beaworthy         pa|Oakhampton             9|  204|    339|
+     7|Bebbington, Upper to|Chester               13|  201|    273|
+   +--+--------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County. |Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+     7|Bebbington, Low. t & p|Chester  |Great Neston 5|Liverpool 7|
+    29|Bebside             to|Northumb |Morpeth      6|Blyth     4|
+    36|Beccles[A]        m.t.|Suffolk  |Yarmouth    15|Norwich  18|
+    22|Beconsall         chap|Lancaster|Ormskirk    11|Chorley   8|
+     7|Bechton             to|Chester  |Sandbach     2|Congleton 4|
+    33|Beckbury            pa|Salop    |Bridgenorth  7|Shiffnal  5|
+    21|Beckenham[B]        pa|Kent     |Croydon      5|Lewisham  4|
+    24|Beckering             |Lincoln  |Wragby       1|Holton    1|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+--------------+-----------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+     7|Bebbington, Low. t & p|Chester               13|  201|  440|
+    29|Bebside             to|Horton                 1|  287|  100|
+    36|Beccles[A]        m.t.|Bungay                 6|  112| 3862|
+    22|Beconsall         chap|Preston                8|  216|  476|
+     7|Bechton             to|Lawton                 4|  160|  818|
+    33|Beckbury            pa|Madeley                5|  140|  307|
+    21|Beckenham[B]        pa|Bromley                2|    9| 1288|
+    24|Beckering             |Lincoln               12|  145|     |
+   +--+----------------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BECCLES is a large and well-built town, situated on the river
+Waveny, which is navigable from this place to Yarmouth, and divides in
+its course the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. It is governed by a
+portreeve and thirty-six burgesses, the office of the former being held
+in rotation by twelve of the latter. The church is gothic, with a
+steeple, containing twelve bells, and a porch, which is considered a
+fine specimen of the florid gothic. The ruins of Endgate church may be
+seen out of the town, but the inhabitants of the village appear to have
+been long esteemed parishioners of Beccles. Here is a theatre, a town
+hall, a jail, and a free school, endowed with 100 acres of land, in the
+reign of James I.; and a good grammar-school founded by Dr. Falconberge,
+and endowed with an estate, then worth forty pounds per annum, although
+now considerably increased in value. Near the town is a large common, on
+which the inhabitants of the town have the privilege of feeding their
+cattle on easy terms. In 1586 a fire consumed eighty houses in this
+place, and property to the amount of L20,000.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Whit Monday, June 29, and October 2,
+   for horses and pedlary.--_Bankers_, Gurney and Co., draw on Barclay
+   and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.15 morning; departs 3.45
+   afternoon.--_Inns_, King's Head, and White Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: Fine gothic church.]
+
+
+[B] BECKENHAM. The church of this village is a neat edifice, containing
+many monuments of the Style, Raymond, Burrell, and other families. On a
+slab in the chancel, is a remarkable brass, to the memory of dame
+Margaret, wife of Sir William Dalsell, Knt., and daughter of John
+Barnes. Esq., of Redhall, in Norfolk, who died 1563: she is represented
+in a flowered petticoat, and close-bodied gown; the sleeves slashed at
+the shoulders, and hanging down to the feet. Here is also the monument
+of Mrs. Jane Clarke, wife of Dr. Clarke, physician at Epsom, with an
+elegant inscription, by Gray. The parish register, under the date of
+Oct. 24, 1740, also records the burial of Margaret Finch, who lived to
+the age of 109 years. She was one of the people called gipsies, and had
+the title of their queen. After travelling over various parts of the
+kingdom, during the greater part of a century, she settled at Norwood,
+whither her great age, and the fame of her fortune-telling, attracted
+numerous visitors. From a habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin
+resting on her knees, the sinews at length became so contracted, that
+she could not rise from that posture: after her death, they were obliged
+to inclose her body in a deep square box. Her funeral was attended by
+two mourning coaches: a sermon was preached upon the occasion, and a
+great concourse of people attended the ceremony. Her picture adorns the
+sign-post of a house of public entertainment in Norwood, called the
+Gipsy House. Beckenham-place, the seat of John Cator, Esq., is partly in
+the parish of Bromley; but the mansion itself is in that of Beckenham.
+Rear-Admiral Sir Piercy Brett, who died in 1781, (and with his lady,
+lies buried in the church,) resided here. The estate, which had long
+been owned by the St. Johns, was alienated to the Cators, in 1773. The
+house is a handsome building, commanding a beautiful prospect. Kent
+House, the ancient seat of the Lethieullers, in Beckenham parish, is now
+occupied as a farm: the estate belongs to J.J. Angerstein, Esq. Clay
+Hill, or the Oakery, also in this parish, was the property of the late
+learned Edward King, Esq., F.R., and A.S. This gentleman, who was a
+native of Norfolk, was elected president of the Society of Antiquaries
+on the decease of Dr. Milles, in 1784; but, on the succeeding election
+in the year following, he was obliged to relinquish the chair to the
+Earl of Leicester, after an unprecedented contest. He was the author of
+various works; the principal of which are, his "Observations on Ancient
+Castles;" "Morsels of Criticism," tending to illustrate the Scriptures;
+and the "Monumenta Antiqua." He died in 1806, at the age of 72.
+
+[Sidenote: Queen of the gipsies died here, at the age of 109.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | County.  |     Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+     9|Beckermet,  St.        |          |               |             |
+      | Bridgetts           pa|Cumberland|Egremont      3|Ravenglass 10|
+     9|Beckermet, St. Johns pa|Cumberland|              4|            9|
+     4|Becket               ti|Berks     |Farringdon    6|Highworth   4|
+    15|Beckford             pa|Gloucester|Tewkesbury    5|Sedgeberrow 4|
+    27|Beckham, East        pa|Norfolk   |Cromer        5|Holt        5|
+    27|Beckham, West        pa|Norfolk   | ...          5|  ...       5|
+    41|Beckhampton[A]       ti|Wilts     |Marlbro'      7|Devizes     8|
+    24|Beckingham           pa|Lincoln   |Newark        5|Leadenham   5|
+    30|Beckingham           pa|Nottingham|Gainsbro'     3|E. Retford  7|
+    34|Beckington[B]        pa|Somerset  |Frome         3|Trowbridge  6|
+    31|Beckley              pa|Oxford    |Oxford        5|Islip       3|
+    38|Beckley              pa|Sussex    |Rye           7|Newenden    3|
+    45|Beckwith Shaw          |York      |West End      4|Otley       7|
+    44|Bedale[C]     m.t. & pa|N.R. York |Northallerton 8|Leeming     3|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                         |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+---------------+-----+-------+
+     9|Beckermet,  St.        |                          |     |       |
+      | Bridgetts           pa|Whitehaven               9|  291|    545|
+     9|Beckermet, St. Johns pa|                        10|  290|    549|
+     4|Becket               ti|Lambourne               10|   73|       |
+    15|Beckford             pa|Evesham                  7|  106|    433|
+    27|Beckham, East        pa|Aylesham                 9|  124|     50|
+    27|Beckham, West        pa| ...                     9|  124|    156|
+    41|Beckhampton[A]       ti|Calne                    6|   81|       |
+    24|Beckingham           pa|Sleaford                14|  126|     43|
+    30|Beckingham           pa|Bawtry                  10|  152|    481|
+    34|Beckington[B]        pa|Bath                    10|  105|   1340|
+    31|Beckley              pa|Forest-hill              3|   53|    776|
+    38|Beckley              pa|Lamberhurst             16|   56|   1477|
+    45|Beckwith Shaw          |Ripley                   5|   64|       |
+    44|Bedale[C]     m.t. & pa|Richmond                10|  223|   2707|
+   +--+-----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BECKHAMPTON. Near this place is an enormous tumulus, perhaps the
+largest in England; it is called Silbury Hill, and common belief
+declares it the place of sepulchre of some British king. The two
+antiquaries, Greethead and Stukeley differ, as antiquaries frequently
+do, with regard to which of the British monarchs the honor of being
+supposed to lie beneath this stupendous monument should belong. The
+former learned writer asserting it to be that of Prydain, and the latter
+calling it that of Cynneda. Scattered over the neighbouring downs are
+numerous large stones called the Grey Wethers; they bear this name from
+their resemblance to a flock of sheep. Beckhampton Inn, stands at the
+junction of the two great Mail roads, leading from London to Bath; the
+southern road passing through Devizes and Melksham; and the northern
+through Calne and Chippenham. The inn is a large brick building, but has
+a most desolate appearance, according well with the character of the
+gloomy downs on the margin of which it stands; yet the traveller would
+do well to refresh here, as there is but little accommodation for many
+miles beyond.
+
+   The Falmouth Mail which passes through Devizes, arrives 5.5 morning;
+   departs 9.20 night. The Bristol Mail which passes through Calne,
+   arrives 5.5 morning; departs 9.35 night.
+
+[Sidenote: Silbury Hill.]
+
+
+[B] BECKINGTON was formerly a place of much importance in the clothing
+business, but the decline of that trade in the west of England has much
+reduced the town. It was the birth-place of Thomas Beckington, an
+English prelate, who was one of the three appointed to draw up a code of
+laws in conformity with which the Wickliffites were to be proceeded
+against. His book against the salique law is still in the possession of
+the Lambeth library.
+
+
+[C] BEDALE is a tolerably well built town, situated in a rich valley,
+which with the surrounding country is exceedingly fertile, and both corn
+and grass yield abundant crops. The town lies to the west of the Great;
+Glasgow road, about two miles from Leeming Lane. Hornby Castle, the seat
+of the Duke of Leeds, deserves the admiration of the tourist. Bedale
+church is a large and handsome edifice, and the tower is said to have
+been constructed with so much strength, as to enable the inhabitants to
+defend themselves therein, during the inroads of the Scots.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Easter Tuesday, Whit-Tuesday; June 6 and
+   7; July 5 and 6, for horses, cattle, sheep, leather, &c.; Oct. 11 and
+   12, horned cattle, sheep, hogs and leather; and Monday-week before
+   Christmas, for horned cattle and sheep. The Glasgow Mail arrives at
+   Leeming Lane, two miles distant 7.54 evening; departs 4.58
+   morning.--_Inns_, Black Swan, and the Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Seat of the Duke of Leeds.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. | County.  | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    13|Bedburn, North to|Durham    |Bis. Auckld 6|Wolsingham 4|
+    13|Bedburn, South to|Durham    | ...        6| ...       4|
+    50|Beddgelart[A]  pa|Caernarvon|Caernarvon 12|Bettws     7|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. |Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    13|Bedburn, North to|Durham                12|  254|   387|
+    13|Bedburn, South to| ...                  12|  254|   296|
+    50|Beddgelart[A]  pa|Tan-y-Bwlch            8|  223|  1071|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDDGELART, is situated in a beautiful tract of meadows, at the
+junction of three vales, near the conflux of the Glas Lyn, or Gwynant,
+or Nant hwynant, and the Colwyn, which flows through Nant Colwyn, a vale
+which leads to Caernarvon. Its situation was the fittest in the world,
+says Mr. Pennant, to inspire religious meditation, amid lofty mountains,
+woods, and murmuring streams. The church is small, yet the loftiest in
+Snowdonia. The east window consists of three narrow slips. The roof is
+neat, and there yet remains some very pretty fret work. A side chapel is
+supported by two neat pillars and gothic arches. This church has been
+conventual, belonging to a priory of Augustines, dedicated to the
+Virgin. They were probably of the class called Gilbertines, consisting
+of both men and women, living under the same roof, but divided by a
+wall, as a piece of ground near the church is called Dol y Llein (the
+meadow of the nun). No remnant of the priory however exists. The ground
+on the south side of the church seems to have been the spot whereon the
+buildings stood which the monks formerly inhabited. There are two or
+three arched doors on that side the church, through which probably the
+friars entered. The ancient mansion-house near the church might have
+been the residence of the prior. In this house is shown an old pewter
+mug, that will hold upwards of two quarts; and any person able to grasp
+it with one hand, while full of ale, and to drink it off at one draught,
+is entitled to the liquor gratis, and the tenant is to charge it to the
+lord of the manor as part payment of his rent. Tradition says, that
+Llewelyn the Great came to reside at Beddgelart during the hunting
+season, with his wife and children; and one day, the family being
+absent, a wolf had entered the house. On returning, his greyhound,
+called Ciliart, met him, wagging his tail, but covered with blood. The
+prince being alarmed, ran into the nursery, and found the cradle in
+which the child had lain covered with blood. Imagining the greyhound had
+killed the child, he immediately drew his sword and slew him, but on
+turning up the cradle, he found under it the child alive, and the wolf
+dead. This so affected the prince, that he erected a tomb over his
+faithful dog's grave, where, afterwards, the parish church was built,
+and called from this accident, Bedd-Cilihart, or the grave of Cilihart.
+In the Welch annals this region is styled the forest of Snowdon. It is a
+subject of great regret to most tourists, that many of the rocks which
+surround Beddgelart, though once covered with oaks, are now naked. One
+proprietor, however, is raising new plantations upon his estate.
+Snowdonia, though once a forest, contains now scarcely a tree. Salmon is
+very plentiful here, selling sometimes as low as three-farthings a
+pound; the average price is about four-pence. The best land lets at 20s.
+an acre; but the average of the neighbourhood is from 2s. 6d. to 5s.,
+with unlimited right of common upon the mountains. In this little plain
+is an almost inexhaustible turbary, or right of digging turf. There is a
+comfortable inn at this place, called Beddgelart Hotel. It is marked by
+the emblem of the goat, with the following appropriate motto. "Patria
+mea Petra." My country is a rock. The guide to the mountains is the
+harper of the house; or a resident in the village. William Lloyd, the
+schoolmaster of this place, was long noted as an intelligent "conductor
+to Snowdon, Moel Hebog, Dinas Emrys, Llanberis pass, the lakes,
+waterfalls, &c.; he was also a collector of crystals, fossils, and
+natural curiosities found in these regions. Dealer in superfine woollen
+hose, socks, gloves, &c.," but in the year 1804, he finally emerged from
+all sublunary avocations, to the regions beyond the grave. Opposite to
+the village of Beddgelart, is Moel Hebog (the hill of flight) which Lord
+Lyttelton ascended. [see Festiniog.] In a bog near that mountain, was
+found in 1784, a most curious brass shield, which was deposited with Mr.
+Williams, of Llanidan; its diameter was two feet two inches, the weight
+four pounds; in the centre was a plain umbo projecting above two inches;
+the surface was marked with twenty-seven smooth concentric elevated
+circles, and between each a depressed space of the same breadth with the
+elevated parts, marked by a single row of smooth studs. The whole shield
+was flat and very flexible. This was probably Roman, for the Welsh
+despised every species of defensive armour. In ascending the summit of
+Snowdon from this place, a neighbouring vale is passed, which is by far
+the most beautiful of the vales among these mountains. It is about six
+miles long, and affords a great variety of wood, lakes, and meadows. The
+vale of Llanberis is the only one which may be said to rival it; but
+their characters are so different, that they cannot with propriety be
+compared. On the left, about a mile and a half up the valley, is a lofty
+wood-clad rock, called the fort of Ambrosius, or Merlin Ermys, a
+magician who was sent for to this place from Caermarthen, by Vortigern,
+who was king of Britain from 449 to 466. Upon its summit is a level
+piece of ground, and the remains of a square fort; and upon the west
+side, facing Beddgelart, there are traces of a long wall. It stands
+detached from other rocks, and at a distance appears in the form of a
+man's hat. Adjoining is a stony tract called the cells or groves of the
+magicians. In the next field, a number of large stones are called the
+tombs of the magicians. It was to this place that Vortigern retired,
+when he found himself despised by his subjects, and unable to contend
+longer with the treacherous Saxons, whom he had introduced into his
+kingdom. It is probable that this insular rock afforded him a temporary
+residence till he removed to his final retreat in Nant Gwrtheyrn, or
+Vortigern's Valley. Speed says, probably without truth, that Vortigern
+married his own child by Rowena, daughter of Hengist, the Saxon prince,
+and had by her one son. There is a tradition, that Madog, the son of
+prince Owen Gwynedd, resided in this vale for some time before he left
+his country for America. The entrance from Beddgelart, is but the
+breadth of a narrow rugged road, close by the river's side, in which
+there is nothing inviting; but passing on, the traveller advances upon
+enchanted ground, where he finds extensive meadows, expanding at every
+turn of rock, smooth as a bowling green; beautiful lakes and meandering
+rivers, abounding in fish; mountains towering one above the other in
+succession, while to the left, Snowdon overtops them all, seeming like
+another Atlas, to support the firmament. Mr. Pennant, says he continued
+his walk along a narrow path above the lake, as far as the extremity;
+then descending, reached the opposite side, in order to encounter a
+third ascent, as arduous as the preceding. This brought him into the
+horrible crater immediately beneath the great precipice of Wyddfa; its
+situation is dreadful, surrounded by more than three parts of a circle,
+with the most horrible precipices of the highest peak of Snowdon. The
+strange break, called the pass of the Arrows, was probably a station for
+the hunters to watch the wandering of the deer. The margin of
+Ffynmon-las here appeared to be shallow and gravelly, the waters had a
+greenish cast, but what is very singular, the rocks reflected into them
+seemed varied with stripes of the richest colours, like the most
+beautiful lute-strings, and changed almost to infinity. Here he observed
+the wheat-ear, a small and seemingly tender bird, and yet almost the
+only small one, or indeed the only one, (except the rock-ouzel) that
+frequents these heights; the reason is evidently the want of food. The
+mountainous tract near Snowdon, scarcely yields any corn; the produce is
+cattle and sheep, which during summer they keep very high in the
+mountains, followed by their owners with their families, who reside
+during that season in their Havod-dai, or summer dwelling, or dairy
+houses, as the farmers in the Swiss Alps do in their Sennes. These
+houses consist of a long low room, with a hole at one end to let out the
+smoke, from the fire which is made beneath. Their furniture is very
+simple, stones are the substitutes for stools, and the beds are of hay,
+ranged along the sides: they manufacture their own clothes and dye them
+with plants, collected from the rocks. During summer, the men pass their
+time in harvest work, or tending their herds; the women in milking, or
+making butter and cheese of the milk for their own consumption. The diet
+of these mountaineers is very plain, consisting of butter, cheese and
+oat bread; their drink is whey, not but that they have their reserve of
+a few bottles of very strong beer, by way of cordial, in sickness. They
+are people of good understanding, wary, and circumspect; usually tall,
+thin, and of strong constitutions, from their way of living. Towards
+winter, they descend to their old dwelling, where they lead, during that
+season, a vacant life, in carding, spinning, knitting, &c. The height of
+Snowdon is 3571 feet.
+
+[Sidenote: Nant Colwyn.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient pewter mug.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tradition of a wolf and child.]
+
+[Sidenote: Guide to the mountains.]
+
+[Sidenote: Brass shield found.]
+
+[Sidenote: Groves of the magicians.]
+
+[Sidenote: Snowdon.]
+
+[Sidenote: The pass of the Arrows.]
+
+[Sidenote: The summer habits of the mountaineers.]
+
+   Map|   Names of Places. | County. | Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+    38|Beddingham        pa|Sussex   |Lewes       3|Seaford   8|
+    37|Beddington   pa & to|Surrey   |Croydon     2|Sutton    3|
+    36|Bedfield          pa|Suffolk  |Framlingham 5|Debenham  5|
+    25|Bedfont, East     pa|Middlesex|Staines     3|Hounslow  4|
+    25|Bedfont, West     pa|Middlesex| ...        3| ...      4|
+     3|Bedfordshire[A]     |         |             |           |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+-----------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|   Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------------+-----+
+    38|Beddingham        pa|Brighton              9|   53|  264|
+    37|Beddington   pa & to|Ewell                 6|   11| 1429|
+    36|Bedfield          pa|Eye                   9|   88|  323|
+    25|Bedfont, East     pa|Colnbrook             6|   13|  968|
+    25|Bedfont, West     pa|...                   6| ... |     |
+     3|Bedfordshire[A]     |                       |     |95383|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEDFORDSHIRE. This county, before the Roman invasion, was part of
+the district inhabited by a race of people whom the invaders denominated
+Cassii. Afterwards, in A.D. 310, it was a third part of the division
+named Flavia Caesariensis. After that, it was attached to the kingdom of
+Mercia. In 827 it became subject to the West Saxons. It was first called
+Bedfordshire in the reign of Alfred the Great, probably from Bedan
+Forda: i.e. The Fortress on the Ford; there being fortifications on the
+borders of the river Ouse. It is an inland county, bounded on the north
+by Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire; west by Buckinghamshire; south
+by Bucks and Herts; and east by Herts and Cambridgeshire. Its form
+approaches an irregular parallelogram, with many deep and almost
+isolated indentations. The extent is about 36 miles in the greatest
+length, and the greatest breadth about 22 miles; it contains 465 square
+miles; circumference about 95 miles. It is divided into 9 hundreds, 125
+parishes, 10 market towns, 58 vicarages, 550 villages, having a total
+population of 95,383 inhabitants. It belongs to the Norfolk circuit, and
+is in the diocese of Lincoln; subject to an archdeaconal jurisdiction,
+being divided into six deaneries. The climate is deemed mild and genial.
+The prevailing winds south westerly; the north east winds being regarded
+as indicating a cold summer and a severe winter. The soil is of an
+exceedingly mixed and varied character; but much the greatest portion is
+of a clayey nature, particularly in parts north of Bedford. The south
+districts are chalky. A slip extending diagonally from Woburn to near
+Biggleswade is a mixed sand; an almost equal portion from the vicinity
+of Biggleswade to the neighbourhood of Bedford, partakes of a rich
+gravelly soil; part of which, near the town of Biggleswade and village
+of Sandy, is successfully cultivated for the production of garden
+vegetables to a considerable extent. So peculiarly is that soil adapted
+for such produce, that it is in some instances let for more than L14.
+per acre; and generally from L4. to L9. may be considered as a fair rent
+for that luxuriant soil. There can be no standard or real average as to
+the value of land; as the value, like the soil itself, is exceedingly
+variable. Rivers.--The Ouse and the Ivel are the chief; both of which
+abound with fish of various kinds. The Ouse is remarkable for very great
+and sudden inundations. The Grand Junction Canal skirts this county at
+Leighton Buzzard. The natural produce consists chiefly in corn, garden
+vegetables, cheese and butter. There is a little ironstone, limestone,
+and a few extraneous fossils. There are several mineral springs, but
+none of any celebrity. The principal landed proprietor is the Duke of
+Bedford. His Grace possesses estates in about 25 parishes; under the
+auspices of whom and of his illustrious brother, the county is indebted
+for immense agricultural improvements.
+
+[Sidenote: An inland county.]
+
+[Sidenote: Climate mild.]
+
+[Sidenote: Value of the land.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+     3|Bedford[A]    bo|Bedford   |St. Albans 30|Oxford    55|
+    22|Bedford       to|Lancaster |Newton      7|Leigh      2|
+    16|Bedhampton    pa|Hants     |Havant      1|Fareham    9|
+    36|Bedingfield   pa|Suffolk   |Eye         4|Debenham   4|
+    27|Bedingham     pa|Norfolk   |Bungay      4|Harleston  7|
+    16|Bedlam        pa|Gloucester|Cheltenham  2|Gloucester 7|
+   +---+---------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+     3|Bedford[A]    bo|Cambridge             30|   51|  6959|
+    22|Bedford       to|Bolton                 7|  199|  3087|
+    16|Bedhampton    pa|Chichester            10|   66|   537|
+    36|Bedingfield   pa|Framlingham            9|   87|   332|
+    27|Bedingham     pa|Norwich               10|  106|   380|
+    16|Bedlam        pa|Tewkesbury             7|   96|      |
+   +--+----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDFORD. This is an ancient corporation, the earliest charter of
+which is dated in 1160. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen,
+two chamberlains, and thirteen common councilmen. Whoever may have been
+a mayor is always afterwards reputed as an alderman. The mayor and
+bailiffs are chosen annually out of the freemen. As early as the year
+1295, it sent two members to parliament. The Duke of Bedford takes his
+title from this town, which first gave title of duke to the victorious
+prince John Plantagenet, Regent of France, during the minority of his
+nephew, Henry VI. as it did in the reign of Edward IV. first to John
+Nevil, Marquis of Montacute, and then to the king's third son, George
+Plantagenet; but he dying an infant, the title lay vacant till Henry
+VII. created his uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, who also died
+without issue; and thus far the title was enjoyed by the first possessor
+only of each family. But King Edward VI. making John, Lord Russel, Earl
+of Bedford, the dignity has ever since been in that illustrious house,
+with an advancement of it to the title of Duke, by King William III. The
+history of the noble family of Russell is curious and interesting. They
+appear to have originated in Dorsetshire, and owe their greatness to an
+accident on that coast. In the reign of Henry VII., Philip, Archduke of
+Austria, being bound for Spain, the heiress of which kingdom he had
+married, was obliged by a storm to put on shore at Weymouth, where he
+was received by Sir Thomas Frenchard, of Wolverton, Knt., who, till he
+could inform the court of the event, sent for his neighbour Mr. John
+Russell, then lately returned from his travels, to entertain his
+illustrious guests. The Archduke was so pleased with his conversation,
+that he recommended him to the king of England, who soon advanced him to
+several honourable posts, and his son Henry VIII. created him Baron
+Russell of Cheneys, in the county of Bucks, which estate he afterwards
+acquired by marriage. He was made by Henry VIII. lord warden of the
+stannaries, and lord admiral of England and Ireland, knight of the
+garter, and lord privy seal. In the reign of Edward VI. he was lord high
+steward for the coronation, and had a grant of Woburn Abbey, and was in
+the 3rd of Edward VI. 1549, created earl of Bedford. He had the honour
+to conduct over to England, Philip of Spain, grandson to the prince who
+first brought him to court and advancement. He died 1554, and was
+succeeded by his son Francis, who died in 1585, and was buried at
+Cheneys, as were most of his descendants. His son Francis being killed a
+day or two before his father's death, by the Scotch in the marches, his
+son Edward succeeded his grandfather, and died 1627; he was succeeded by
+his cousin Francis, son of his uncle William, lord Russell, of
+Thornhaugh, lord deputy of Ireland, in the reign of Elizabeth. This
+Francis was the first projector of the draining of the great level of
+the fens, called after him, Bedford Level, and dying 1641, was succeeded
+by his eldest son William, who after having several times joined both
+parties during the civil war, at last adhered to the royal cause, and
+suffered a severe loss in the death of his only son by the very family
+whom he had supported; to compensate for which he was created by King
+William, Marquis of Tavistock, and Duke of Bedford, and dying in 1700,
+was succeeded by his grandson Wriothesley. He, in 1711, by his son and
+namesake, and he 1732, by his brother John, who, dying in 1771, was
+succeeded by his grandson Francis, the late duke, who died rather
+suddenly, of an illness occasioned by a rupture, on the 2nd of March,
+1802, in the 37th year of his age. His brother, Lord John Russell,
+succeeded him in his title and estates. This nobleman, so suddenly and
+unexpectedly raised to ducal honours, was born on the sixth of July,
+1766; and, on the 21st of March, 1786, before he had completed his
+twentieth year, he married at Brussels, Georgiana Elizabeth, the second
+daughter of Viscount Torrington. This lady died on the 11th of October,
+1801; leaving issue, Francis, born May 10, 1788; George William, born
+May 8, 1790; and John, born August 19, 1792. Shortly after his accession
+to the title, his grace married a second time, Georgiana, the fifth
+daughter of the duke of Gordon, by whom he had several children. After
+the death of Mr. Pitt, when Mr. Fox and his friends succeeded to power,
+his grace was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; a post which,
+without distinguishing himself as a party man, he filled to the entire
+and general satisfaction of the public. When Henry II. granted a charter
+to the burgesses of the town of Bedford, he rendered it subject to the
+payment of L40. per annum, as a fee-farm rent to the crown. Their
+mercantile guild and ancient privileges were confirmed by the succeeding
+monarch, who also granted new privileges and immunities similar to those
+enjoyed by the burgesses of Oxford. Richard II. granted still more
+extended privileges, and among others a view of Frankpledge within the
+borough. In this monarch's charter the corporation are styled the mayor,
+bailiffs, and burgesses. In the reign of Edward I. the liberties of the
+town were seized by that monarch, the bailiffs having neglected to
+discharge the fee-farm rent. In the reign of Henry VI. the town being
+much decayed, many houses gone to ruin, and the trade of it brought low,
+and the usual issues discontinued, the inhabitants petitioned the king
+to shew them his grace: accordingly he granted that the yearly rent
+should be remitted in part for a time. In the reign of Henry VII. it was
+permanently reduced, through the interposition of Sir Reginald Bray,
+then Prime Minister, to L20. per annum, and afterwards to L16. 5s. 8d.
+which rent is now payable to their successors. The last renewal of the
+charter of incorporation was in the reign of King James II. in whose
+time the mayor and aldermen were removed from their respective offices,
+by royal mandate, for neglecting to elect two burgesses to serve in
+parliament. The members were in consequence chosen by his Majesty's
+ministers. The right of election was determined in 1690, to be in the
+burgesses, freemen, and inhabitant householders not receiving alms. The
+number of voters is nearly 500. Bedford is a place of great antiquity,
+and is supposed by some writers to have been the Lactidorum of
+Antoninus; but Camden objects to this, on the ground that the town is
+not situated on any Roman road, neither have any Roman coins been found
+there. Its situation is upon the Ouse, by which it is divided into two
+parts, in the direction of east and west. This circumstance enables it
+to carry on a considerable trade with Lynn. In the Saxons' time, Bedford
+was a place of considerable consequence: as appears from its having been
+chosen by Offa, the powerful King of the Mercians, for his burial place.
+His bones were interred in a small chapel, which being situated on the
+brink of the river Ouse, was afterwards undermined and swept away by the
+floods, during an inundation. Bedford, as has been already stated, was
+also famous for a victory gained in the year 572, by Cuthwlf, the Saxon
+king, over the Britons. The Danes once destroyed this town; but Edward
+the Elder repaired it, and united the town on the south side of the
+river, called Mikesgate, to Bedford, on the north side of it; since
+which they have both gone by this name. After the conquest, Pain de
+Beauchamp, the third Baron of Bedford, built a castle here, encompassed
+with a mighty rampart of earth, and a high wall, the whole so strong
+that King Stephen, who besieged and took it in his war with the Empress
+Maud, was glad to grant the garrison honourable terms. In the barons'
+wars it was again besieged, and for want of relief, taken by King John's
+forces under Fulco de Brent, to whom the King gave it for a reward; but
+for his subsequent behaviour he took it from him, and caused it to be
+demolished, though it was not quite level till the reign of Henry III.
+The celebrated John Bunyan, whom we shall notice hereafter, was ordained
+co-pastor of the congregation of St. Peter's, in 1671, and continued in
+that situation until he died in 1688. The chair in which he used to sit
+is still preserved as a relic in the vestry of the chapel. As early as
+the year 1745, the Moravians, or society of Unitas Fratrum, had an
+establishment at Bedford, where they built a neat chapel in 1750. Of
+late years, however, the number of these recluse and inoffensive
+sectaries has considerably declined; and the house adjoining to the
+chapel, which was formerly appropriated to the brethren and the sisters
+of the society, has been converted into a school. In the year 1556, Sir
+William Harper founded a free school in Bedford, for the instruction of
+children of the town in grammar and good manners. The school-house was
+rebuilt in 1767, when a statue of the founder was placed in the front,
+with a latin inscription beneath, to the following effect:--
+
+   "Behold, Traveller, the Bodily Resemblance
+         Of Sir William Harper, Knight;
+                Of this School,
+           Thus spacious and Adorned,
+            The Munificent Founder,
+            The Picture of His Mind,
+   Is Dedicated in the Table of Benefactions."
+
+The warden and fellows of New College, Oxford, are visitors of this
+school, and have the appointment of the masters and ushers. The master's
+salary is L260. with coals and candles; that of the second master is
+L160., with the same allowance of fire and candle. The writing-master
+has a salary of L80. per annum. Sir William Harper, for the support of
+this excellent institution, conveyed to the corporation thirteen acres
+and one rood of land, lying in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, which
+he had purchased for the sum of L180.; he also conveyed his late
+dwelling-house, &c., at Bedford. The revenues of these estates were also
+to be applied towards apportioning maidens of the town on their entrance
+into the marriage estate. In the year 1660, the corporation leased the
+whole of the lands in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, for the term of
+41 years, at the yearly rent of L99. In the year 1684, a reversionary
+lease was granted for the further term of 51 years, at the improved rent
+of L150. In consequence of granting these leases, a great number of
+houses were built, and the following streets covered the above-mentioned
+thirteen acres of meadow land:--Bedford-street, Bedford-row,
+Bedford-court, Princes-street, Theobald's-road, North-street,
+East-street, Lamb's Conduit-street, Queen-street, Eagle-street,
+Boswell-court, Queen-street, Harper-street, Richbell-court, Hand-court,
+Gray's Inn-passage, Three Cup-yard, &c. The annual rent of these
+buildings is now considerably increased, and it is expected that in a
+few years it will amount to upwards of L30,000. This extraordinary
+increase of revenue occasioned the trustees to apply to parliament for
+two several acts to regulate its disposal, and to extend the objects of
+the charity. By the priorism contained in these acts of parliament, the
+maintenance of the master and usher of the grammar-school, and the
+maintenance of a master, and two ushers to the English school, is
+provided. Three exhibitions of L40. per annum, are given to scholars
+from the free school, either at Oxford or Cambridge, during the space of
+six years. The sum of L800. per annum is appropriated for marriage
+portions, to be given by lot in sums of L20. each, to forty poor maidens
+of Bedford, of good fame and reputation, not under sixteen years of age,
+and not exceeding fifty. They are not to marry within two months after
+receiving the marriage portion, otherwise to forfeit it. The men to whom
+they are to be married must not be vagrants or persons of bad fame or
+reputation. A yearly sum of L3,000. per annum is also appropriated by
+the last act, for the maintenance of twenty-six boys in an hospital or
+school of industry, and L700. to be laid out in apprentice fees for
+fifteen poor boys and five girls, to be chosen by lot. The trustees have
+likewise been enabled to build alms-houses for a number of poor men and
+women. The weekly allowance to each is 3s., and 40s. annually for
+clothing. If a poor man and his wife live together, they are allowed to
+the amount of 5s. per week. One hundred pounds per annum is appropriated
+to be given in sums of L5. each, to twenty poor girls upon their going
+out to service. The residue of the income is to be laid out in
+buildings, and in endowing more alms-houses, or building cottages to be
+let at a low rent to the poor. Here are also a house of industry, and an
+infirmary, which are well supported. Lace-making employs a great number
+of the lower classes, both in the town and county of Bedford. The lace
+is chiefly made by women; and children at the early age of four years
+are set down to it. On certain days, the persons appointed by the
+dealers collect the lace of the different villages, and convey it to the
+London market. A strong stone bridge connects the northern and southern
+parts of the town. "This bridge," says Grose, "is one hundred and
+sixteen yards in length, four and a half broad, and has a parapet three
+feet and a half high; this, it is said, was erected in the reign of
+Queen Mary, out of the ruins of St. Dunstan's church, which stood on the
+south side of the bridge. It has seven arches, and near the centre were
+two gate-houses; that on the north, being used for a prison, and that on
+the south served as a store-house for the arms and ammunition of the
+troops quartered here. These gate-houses were taken down in the year
+1765, and six lamps set up on posts at proper distances." The town-hall,
+or sessions-house, in which the assizes for the county are holden, is
+situated in an area before St. Paul's church. It was erected in the year
+1753, and is a capacious and handsome structure.
+
+   _Markets_, Tuesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, First Tuesday in Lent,
+   April 21, July 5, Aug. 21, Oct. 11, and Dec. 19, for all kinds of
+   cattle.--_Mail_ arrives 1.14 morning; departs 2.54
+   afternoon.--_Banker_, Thomas Barnard, draws on Kay and Co.--_Inns_,
+   George, and Swan.
+
+[Sidenote: Very ancient corporation.]
+
+[Sidenote: Origin of the Bedford family.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bedford Level.]
+
+[Sidenote: First charter granted by Henry II.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Offa buried here.]
+
+[Sidenote: John Bunyan.]
+
+[Sidenote: Noble charity, founded by Sir William Harper.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its revenues.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alms-houses.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lace-making, the chief trade.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. | County.|  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------+--------+---------------+------------+
+    29|Bedlington[A]  pa|Durham  |Morpeth       4|Blyth     14|
+    21|Bedmanton     ham|Kent    |Sittingbourne 5|Lenham     3|
+    34|Bedminster     pa|Somerset|Bristol       1|Dundry     3|
+    35|Bednall        to|Stafford|Penkridge     3|Rugeley    7|
+    33|Bedston        pa|Salop   |Knighton      4|Ludlow    11|
+    26|Bedwas         pa|Monmouth|Newport      10|Cardiff    9|
+     3|Bedwall Green ham|Bedford |Dunstable     2|Toddington 3|
+    26|Bedwelty       pa|Monmouth|Newport      16|Pontypool 10|
+   +--+-----------------+--------+---------------+------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+------------+
+    29|Bedlington[A]  pa|Newcastle             12|  286|  2120|
+    21|Bedmanton     ham|Maidstone              8|   42|      |
+    34|Bedminster     pa|Weston                19|  119| 13130|
+    35|Bednall        to|Stafford               4|  134|      |
+    33|Bedston        pa|Bishops' Cas.         10|  153|   159|
+    26|Bedwas         pa|Pontypool             10|  158|   756|
+     3|Bedwall Green ham|Hockliffe              5|   36|      |
+    26|Bedwelty       pa|Abergavenn.           14|  159| 10637|
+   +--+-----------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEDLINGTON, though within the county of Northumberland, belongs to
+Chester ward, in the county of Durham. It lies between the rivers
+Wansbeck and Blythe. The monks of Durham, in their flight to
+Lindisfarne, before the arms of the Conqueror, with the incorruptible
+body of St. Cuthbert, rested all night here. The Rev. Francis Woodmas,
+the expositor of St. Chrysostom, was vicar here from 1696 to 1710. The
+Bedlington blast furnace, for smelting iron, was some years since taken
+down. At the Bebside and Bedlington Mills, about fifty men are employed.
+An unsuccessful attempt was a few years ago made to establish a
+manufactory of printed cottons at Stannington bridge, in this
+neighbourhood.
+
+[Sidenote: Blast furnaces.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.  | County. |  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+-------------------+---------+-------------+---------------+
+    41|Bedwin, Great[A] pa|Wilts    |Marlborough 7|Ramsbary      5|
+    41|Bedwin, Little   pa|Wilts    | ...        8|  ...         4|
+    39|Bedworth         pa|Warwick  |Nuneaton    4|Longford      2|
+    23|Beeby            pa|Leicester|Leicester   6|Houghton      3|
+    35|Beech            to|Warwick  |Stafford    7|Eccleshall    6|
+     4|Beech Hill       ti|Berks    |Reading     7|Aldermaston   5|
+    41|Beechingstoke    pa|Wilts    |Devizes     5|Pewsey        5|
+    38|Beeding, Upper   pa|Sussex   |Steyning    1|Shoreham      5|
+    38|Beeding, Lower   ti|Sussex   |  ...       2| ...          5|
+     4|Beedon           pa|Berks    |E. Ilsley   3|Newbury       7|
+    43|Beeford     pa & to|E.R. York|Driffield   7|Bridlington  10|
+    10|Beeley         chap|Derby    |Bakewell    3|Chesterfield 10|
+    21|Beelsby          pa|Lincoln  |Caistor     5|Grimsby       7|
+     4|Beenham          pa|Berks    |Reading     8|Newbury       9|
+    11|Beer           chap|Devon    |Colyton     3|Honiton      10|
+    34|Beer               |Somerset |Bridgewater 4|Stowey        5|
+    11|Beerhall           |Devon    |Bridport    8|Honiton      10|
+    11|Beeralston[B]    to|Devon    |Tavistock   6|Plymouth      7|
+   +--+-------------------+---------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+---------+
+    41|Bedwin, Great[A] pa|Hungerford            6|   71|     2191|
+    41|Bedwin, Little   pa|  ...                 5|   70|      587|
+    39|Bedworth         pa|Coventry              5|   96|     3980|
+    23|Beeby            pa|Melton                9|  104|      120|
+    35|Beech            to|Newcastle             8|  141|         |
+     4|Beech Hill       ti|Kingsclere            7|   46|      249|
+    41|Beechingstoke    pa|Lavington             6|   86|      187|
+    38|Beeding, Upper   pa|Brighton             10|   51|      589|
+    38|Beeding, Lower   ti| ...                 10|   51|      533|
+     4|Beedon           pa|Hungerford           12|   57|      306|
+    43|Beeford     pa & to|Beverley             13|  196|      894|
+    10|Beeley         chap|Matlock               6|  150|      441|
+    21|Beelsby          pa|Louth                18|  164|      158|
+     4|Beenham          pa|Pangbourn             6|   47|      360|
+    11|Beer           chap|Sidmouth              7|  153|         |
+    34|Beer               |Watchet              14|  143|         |
+    11|Beerhall           |Crewkerne            14|  147|         |
+    11|Beeralston[B]    to|Saltash               4|  213|         |
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BEDWIN was a market-town, and supposed by Stukeley to have been the
+Leucomagus of the Romans; it certainly was a chief city of the Saxons,
+who built a castle there. It was a borough by prescription, sending two
+members to parliament, and is governed by a portreeve, and exercises
+many of its original rights, although considerably reduced in
+population. The church, a cruciform building of flints, with a central
+tower, is ancient and curious in itself, and for the monuments which it
+contains. The obtusely pointed arches of the nave, ornamented with
+zig-zag and billetted mouldings, rest on capitals, richly adorned with
+flowers, grotesque heads, and other figures. In the south transept are
+two tombs, which commemorate Adam and Roger de Stocre, Lords, according
+to Leland, of "Stoke Haulle thereby." The chancel contains the noble
+altar monument of Sir John Seymour, of Wolphall, father of the
+Protector, Somerset, and other distinguished persons. Near this tomb are
+two brass plates, on one of which is the figure of a lady, with her
+hands folded, and the inscription--"Julia Seymour;" the other
+commemorates a son of Sir John Seymour. The manor of Bedwin, which once
+belonged to Gilbert, Earl of Clare, husband of Anna d'Acres, was
+purchased by the late Earl of Aylesbury. This place gave birth, in 1621,
+to Dr. Thomas Willis, a learned physician, who wrote several works on
+his art, was appointed physician in ordinary to Charles II., and died of
+pleurisy in 1675. On Castle-hill is an entrenchment, in area two acres,
+with some foundations, supposed to be those of a castle, founded by the
+Saxons. Chisbury Castle is an entrenchment more than fifteen acres in
+extent, supposed to have been begun by the Britons, and sometime
+occupied by the Romans. The neighbouring village of Little Bedwin has a
+church built of flints, in the Anglo-Norman style of architecture, with
+a nave, aisles, chancel, and tower.
+
+   _Market_, formerly Tuesday (disused).--_Fairs_, April 23, and July
+   26, for horses, cows, and sheep.
+
+[Sidenote: Monument of Julia Seymour, sister to Lady Jane Grey.]
+
+
+[B] BEERALSTON. This place once had the privilege of sending two members
+to parliament. It is chiefly inhabited by labourers employed in
+agriculture and mining. The borough was under the influence of the Earl
+of Beverley. The right of election was vested in those who had land in
+the borough, and paid three-pence acknowledgment to the Lord of the
+Manor, who varied the number of electors at his pleasure, by granting
+burgage-tenures, which were generally resigned when the election was
+concluded, to as many of his partisans as were requisite. The portreeve,
+chosen annually in the Lord's court, was the returning-officer. The
+first members were returned in the twenty-seventh of Elizabeth. Risdon
+mentions that Beare was bestowed by William the Conqueror on a family
+descended from the house of Alencon in France, and that it still
+continues its name under the corruption of Bere-Alson. In the reign of
+Henry II., Henry Ferrers had a castle here, which came to the possession
+of his descendant Martin Ferrers, the last of the house, in the time of
+Edward III. The manor then came to the Champernounes, and passed
+respectively through the families of Willoughby, Mountjoy, Maynard, and
+Stamford, to the present possessor, the Duke of Northumberland. In this
+place are several lead-mines, now of inconsiderable value, though
+sometimes impregnated with silver; but in the reign of Edward I., it is
+said, that in the space of three years 1,600 pounds weight of silver was
+obtained. Since that time no considerable quantity has ever been
+procured.
+
+[Sidenote: Electioneering abuses.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |County.   | Number of Miles from  |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+    34|Berecrocombe         pa|Somerset  |Ilminster 5|Taunton   7|
+    11|Bere Ferris[A]       pa|Devon     |Saltash   3|Plymouth  6|
+    12|Bere Hacket          pa|Devon     |Sherborne 4|Yeovil    4|
+    12|Bere Regis[B] m.t. & pa|Dorset    |Wareham   7|Blandford 9|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.       |Number of Miles from  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+    34|Berecrocombe         pa|Somerton            12|  135|   182|
+    11|Bere Ferris[A]       pa|Tavistock            8|  215|  1876|
+    12|Bere Hacket          pa|Beaminster          12|  121|   110|
+    12|Bere Regis[B] m.t. & pa|Dorchester          12|  113|  1170|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BERE FERRIS. This parish is situated south by west from Tavistock.
+Here, observes Risdon, "lieth Ley, the ancient possession of a family so
+called, whence the name tooke that honor; for from hence Sir James Ley,
+Knt., Lord Chief Justice of England, and High Treasurer, created
+afterwards Earle of Marlborough, descended; a lawgiver in the chief
+place of justice, and a preserver of venerable antiquity, whose noble
+thoughts were so fixed on virtue, and his discourses embellished with
+wisdome, and his heart with integrity, that his words did never bite,
+nor his actions wrong any man, to give him just cause of complaynt."
+Amongst several ancient monuments in Bere-Ferris Church, is one under an
+arched recess, of a cross-legged knight half inclined on his right side,
+with his right hand on his sword; and another of a knight and his lady,
+under a richly ornamented arch in the chancel. Among the figures painted
+on the east window is that of William Ferrers, who was probably the
+builder of this fabric, as he is represented kneeling, and holding the
+model of a church in his hand.
+
+[Sidenote: A honest lawyer.]
+
+
+[B] BERE REGIS is situated in the Blandford division of the county. Drs.
+Stukeley and Coker conjecture that this place was the site of a Roman
+station; an opinion which is confirmed by a large entrenchment upon
+Woodbury Hill, about half a mile north-east of the parish. The area of
+this place, which contains about ten acres, is surrounded by triple
+ramparts, that in some places are high and deep. On the summit, which
+commands a very extensive prospect, a fair is annually holden. This fair
+begins on the Nativity of the Virgin, and continues through the five
+following days: though of late years it has much decreased; it was once
+the most considerable in the west of England. Queen Elfrida, to whom the
+manor belonged, is said to have retired to her seat in this place, after
+the murder of her son-in-law, Edward the Martyr. King John also appears
+to have made it his residence. In the reign of Henry III. the manor was
+bestowed on Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester; but, as a consequence
+attending his rebellion, it was taken from him, and granted to the
+King's brother, Edmund. Edmund gave a moiety of it to the Abbess of
+Tarent, who, in the reign of Edward I. claimed for her manor of Bere a
+fair, a market, a free-warren, and the whole forest of Bere. Her moiety
+of these was granted her. At the dissolution, Henry VIII., for the sum
+of L680. 16s. 8d. granted the manor to Robert Turberville, to whose
+ancestors the other moiety had belonged for ages. The mansion of the
+Turbervilles still remains: it is an ancient irregular structure, built
+with stone, and its windows contain various quarterings of the
+Turberville family and its alliances. Bere Regis, though it does not
+appear ever to have been represented in parliament, was incorporated in
+the time of Edward I. Its market is ancient, as appears from King John's
+having confirmed it to the inhabitants. The church is a large and
+handsome structure, and contains numerous monuments of the Turberville
+and other families. The town of Bere Regis has suffered twice by fire:
+once in 1634, and again in 1788. After the latter fire the inhabitants
+found shelter in the booths erected for the fair. The most distinguished
+natives of the place have been James Turberville, Bishop of Exeter, and
+John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fair_, September 18.
+
+[Sidenote: The residence of Queen Elfrida.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.       |County.   |Number of Miles from      |
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
+     9|Bees, St.[A]    to & pa|Cumberland|Egremont    3|Whitehaven 4|
+    24|Beesby               pa|Lincoln   |Louth       9|Grimsby    9|
+    24|Beesby in the Marsh, pa|Lincoln   |Alford      3|Saltfleet 10|
+     3|Beeston              to|Bedford   |Biggleswade 3|Tempsford  3|
+   +--+-----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.       |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+     9|Bees, St.[A]    to & pa|Buttermere            13|  296|  517|
+    24|Beesby               pa|M. Raisin             12|  158|   99|
+    24|Beesby in the Marsh, pa|Louth                  9|  144|  132|
+     3|Beeston              to|Bedford                8|   48|  258|
+   +--+-----------------------+------------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BEES, (ST.) This ancient village is situated in the Ward of
+Allerdale, west by north from Egremont. It is understood to have derived
+its name and origin from a religious house, which was founded here about
+the year 650, by St. Bega, an Irish nun of great sanctity. On the death
+of Bega, a church was erected in honour of her virtues; but both these
+establishments having been destroyed by the Danes, William, son of
+Ranulph de Meschines, replaced them by a new foundation of Benedictine
+monks, and made it a cell to the Abbey of St. Mary at York: in the time
+of Henry I. The manor was granted after the dissolution to Sir Thomas
+Chaloner, by Edward VI. in the last year of his reign. It next became
+the property of a family named Wyberg, from whom, under a fore-closed
+mortgage, it passed to an ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, about the
+year 1663. St. Bees church, which was erected about the time of Henry
+I., had the form of a cross, and great part of it is yet standing. The
+east-end is unroofed, and in ruins: the nave, however, is fitted up as
+the parish church, and the cross aisle is used as a place of sepulchre.
+The ancient chancel has narrow lancet windows, ornamented with double
+mouldings, and pilasters, with rich capitals. At the east end are
+niches, of a singular form, with pointed arches, supported on well
+proportioned pillars, having capitals adorned with rich engravings. The
+whole edifice is of red free-stone. A free grammar school was founded in
+the village of St. Bees by Archbishop Girandal, under a charter from
+Queen Elizabeth, towards the close of the sixteenth century. This
+prelate was born in the neighbouring village of Helsingham, in the year
+1519. He was educated at Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship at
+Pembroke Hall. Being attached to the principles of the Reformation,
+Bishop Ridley made him his chaplain, and precentor of St. Pauls. He was
+also appointed chaplain to the King, and prebendary of Westminster; but
+on the accession of Mary he retired to Germany, and settled at
+Strasburgh. When Elizabeth ascended the throne he returned home, and was
+employed in revising the Litany. In 1559 he was chosen master of
+Pembroke Hall, and the same year preferred to the see of London, from
+whence, in 1570 he was translated to York, and in 1575 to Canterbury.
+Two years afterwards he was suspended from his archiepiscopal functions,
+for refusing to obey the Queen's order to suppress prophecyings, or the
+associations of the clergy to expound the Scriptures. His sequestration
+was taken off, though he never completely recovered the royal favour. He
+died at Croydon, 1583. He contributed to Fox's acts and monuments. James
+I. afterwards increased the endowments, which have been since augmented
+by divers benefactors. Several scholars of great eminence have received
+the rudiments of education in this seminary. It is remarkable, however,
+that, till a few years ago, the school had not undergone any material
+change since its foundation. Occasional repairs were indeed found
+absolutely necessary for the support of the buildings, but no
+improvement seems ever to have been attempted. Through the munificence
+of the Earl of Lonsdale this long respected seminary has been put into
+complete order, and made more suitable to the purpose intended by the
+pious founder than it had been at any time since its erection. Exclusive
+of what has been done at the spacious school-room, the library is
+rendered more commodious. The master's house, which adjoins the school,
+has been enlarged, some parts of it rebuilt, a good garden well walled
+round, and the whole made a very comfortable and eligible residence.
+
+[Sidenote: Early history.]
+
+[Sidenote: Archbishop Girandal.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.      |County.   |Number of Miles from
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
+     7|Beeston[A]          to|Chester   |Nantwich    7|Tarporley  2|
+    27|Beeston             pa|Norfolk   |Swaffham    7|E. Dereham 6|
+    30|Beeston             pa|Nottingham|Nottingham  4|Chilwell   1|
+    45|Beeston           chap|W.R. York |Leeds       2|Birstall   5|
+    27|Beeston, St. Andrew  p|Norfolk   |Norwich     4|Worstead   9|
+    27|Beeston, St. Lawren. p|Norfolk   |Coltishall  4| ...       3|
+    27|Beeston Regis       pa|Norfolk   |Cromer      4|Holt       7|
+    40|Beethom[B]     pa & to|Westmorlnd|Burton      4|Millthorpe 1|
+    27|Beetley             pa|Norfolk   |E. Dereham  4|Foulsham   6|
+    31|Begbrook            pa|Oxford    |Woodstock   3|Oxford     6|
+    34|Beggerielge        ham|Somerset  |Bath        4|Frome      9|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+      |                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.      |Number of Miles from    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     7|Beeston[A]          to|Whitchurch            14|  171|    434|
+    27|Beeston             pa|Castle Acre            5|  100|    702|
+    30|Beeston             pa|Ashby                 16|  124|   2530|
+    45|Beeston           chap|Huddersfield           9|  190|   2128|
+    27|Beeston, St. Andrew  p|Acle                   9|  113|     49|
+    27|Beeston, St. Lawren. p|Norwich               11|  120|     52|
+    27|Beeston Regis       pa|Cley                   8|  126|    246|
+    40|Beethom[B]     pa & to|Kendal                10|  252|   1639|
+    27|Beetley             pa|Fakenham               9|  104|    381|
+    31|Begbrook            pa|Islip                  5|   60|    102|
+    34|Beggerielge        ham|Beckington             6|  110|    ...|
+   +--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEESTON. Near this village are the remains of a castle, once deemed
+impregnable; it is situated on a sandstone rock, 366 feet in
+perpendicular height. So strong was this fortress considered, that it
+became a proverb in the neighbourhood to say, "It is as strong as
+Beeston Castle." The area contains five acres, and was rendered
+unapproachable by means of a very wide ditch. In the reign of Charles I.
+it underwent a lengthened siege, or rather blockade, for all
+communications were cut off with the neighbourhood for a long term; at
+last it was compelled to surrender, and the parliament ordered it to be
+dismantled. During the period of the threatened invasion of the French,
+in 1803, this castle was fixed upon by the lieutenancy of the county, as
+the site for a signal station and beacon. The ancient and craggy walls
+are beautifully mantled over with a luxuriant covering of ivy, and the
+base of the hill abounds with several varieties of rare plants. The well
+of the castle is nearly 300 feet deep, and the peasantry firmly believe
+that it contains a vast store of riches, which have been thrown into it
+during the civil wars. A mineral spring was discovered here a few years
+ago. The inhabitants of Chester consider it a favourite holiday
+indulgence to visit this castle in a pleasure excursion; and by
+application to an old woman in the village, who may be considered the
+female warden of the place, travellers can be conducted to the summit of
+the building. The views from the ramparts are beautiful, extending over
+the whole Vale Royal of Cheshire, to the estuaries of the rivers Mersey
+and Dee: that side of the hill which forms a precipice rises
+perpendicularly 160 feet from the base of the elevation, and upon
+looking down from the high pinnacle of the castle wall, it is sufficient
+to call to remembrance the sublime poetic effusion of our immortal
+bard:--
+
+       "How fearful
+   And dizzy 'tis, to cast ones eyes so low,
+   The crows and choughs, that wing the mid-way air,
+   Shew scarce as gross as beetles.
+
+       I'll look no more,
+   Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight,
+   Topple down headlong."
+
+[Sidenote: Castle on a rock.]
+
+[Sidenote: A favourite place of resort.]
+
+
+[B] BEETHOM. This mountainous and highly interesting parish is situated
+in the Kendal Ward, at the south-western extremity of the county of
+Westmoreland, on both sides of estuaries of the river Kent, which is
+navigable for small craft as far as the hamlet of Storch, and comprises
+the chapelries of Witherslack, and the townships of Beetham, Farleton,
+Haverbrack, and Methop, with Ulpha. The parish church is dedicated to
+St. Michael, the patron saint of mountainous and hilly parishes: it is a
+neat building, situated in a fine vale, or holm ground, commanding the
+richest variety of wood, water, and rocky scenery. Here are two fine old
+monuments to the memory of Thomas de Beetham and his lady, who lived in
+the reign of Richard III. Here was anciently a chapel, dedicated to St.
+John, and near it, in a garden, a considerable number of human bones
+were dug up; it was situated about forty yards from the present
+school-house. Some few years since a mole cast up an amber bead, and
+with it an oval piece of silver, about the size of a shilling; it was
+perforated through the middle, and on one side was an impression of the
+crucifixion, with the letters J.N.R.J.; on the right of which was a
+crescent, and on the left a rising sun; at the bottom, the Virgin Mary,
+in a weeping attitude: on the reverse, a lamb, with a standard, and St.
+Andrews' cross. The parsonage, or rectory-house, which stood on the
+north-east corner of the churchyard, was formerly called the college of
+St. Mary's. The Hilton family had also a handsome house near this spot,
+which was enlarged and improved by George Hilton, an eccentric squire,
+and well known character in this neighbourhood about the commencement of
+the last century. This George Hilton was a Roman Catholic, and joined
+the Scotch rebels in 1715, upon whose defeat he made his escape, but was
+pardoned by the act of grace the year following, and afterwards retired
+to a house which he built at the south end of Beethom Park. Mr. Hutton,
+the historian of this place, says, "that he discovered a diary, in an
+old chest, which was kept by this gentleman, taken by himself every
+night, but which was afterwards lost. 'On Sunday, (says he in one
+place,) I vowed to abstain from three things during the ensuing week
+(Lent), viz. women, eating of flesh, and drinking of wine; but, alas!
+the frailty of good resolutions. I broke them all! Conversed with a
+woman--was tempted to eat the wing of a fowl--and got drunk at
+Milnthorp.'" Of this parish the Rev. William Hutton was vicar, who wrote
+a folio book of collections for its history, which he deposited in the
+vestry for the information of posterity, with blank pages to be filled
+up as materials should occur. He was an amiable man, and an
+indefatigable antiquarian. The old manor house, called the Hall of
+Beethom, was a fine old castellated mansion, but now unfortunately in
+ruins. One large apartment in this castle is still called the hall, and
+according to the laudable practice of ancient hospitality, was devoted
+to the purpose of entertaining the friends and dependants of the family:
+and hence came the proverb--
+
+   "'Tis merry in the hall When beards wag all."
+
+The remains of a room, formerly used as a chapel, still exist; and the
+ruins of this fine mansion are of considerable extent. The ruins of
+another hall in this parish are also to be seen in Cappleside Demesne,
+consisting of a front and two wings, comprising an extent of 117 feet of
+frontage. Also an ancient tower, now in ruins, called Helslack Tower:
+and another tower, called Arnside Tower; equally neglected. These towers
+seem to have been intended to guard the Bay of Morecambe, as similar
+buildings are erected on the opposite side of the river. A grammar
+school was founded here in 1663, and rebuilt in 1827. It has an
+endowment of about L40. a year, arising out of lands bequeathed for the
+instruction of fifty poor boys.
+
+[Sidenote: George Hilton, an eccentric character.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Hall.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.| County.  |  Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+    57|Begelley      pa|Pembroke  |Narbeth       4|Tenby       4|
+    58|Beggars' Bush   |Radnor    |Knighton      8|Presteign   2|
+    31|Beggars' Bush   |Oxford    |Nettlebed     4|Benson      2|
+    58|Beguildy      pa|Radnor    |Knighton      6|New Radnor 12|
+    21|Beigham         |Kent p    |Lamberhurst   3|Tunb. Wells 3|
+    10|Beighton      pa|Derby     |Chesterfield 10|Sheffield   7|
+    27|Beighton      pa|Norfolk   |Acle          2|Loddon      6|
+    36|Beighton      pa|Suffolk   |Bury          6|Woolpit     2|
+    46|Beilby to & chap|E.R. York |Pocklington   4|M. Weighton 6|
+    27|Belaugh       pa|Norfolk   |Norwich       8|Worstead    5|
+     9|Belbank       to|Cumberland|Brampton     10|Carlisle   15|
+   +--+----------------+----------+---------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From     |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+    57|Begelley      pa|Pembroke                14|  257|    996|
+    58|Beggars' Bush   |New Radnor               6|  153|       |
+    31|Beggars' Bush   |Wallingford              3|   44|       |
+    58|Beguildy      pa|Bettws                   4|  171|   1043|
+    21|Beigham         |Brenchley                5|   38|       |
+    10|Beighton      pa|Eckington                2|  155|    980|
+    27|Beighton      pa|Norwich                  9|  118|    262|
+    36|Beighton      pa|Stow Market              8|   71|    238|
+    46|Beilby to & chap|York                    13|  192|    239|
+    27|Belaugh       pa|Coltishall               2|  116|    151|
+     9|Belbank       to|Longtown                13|  321|    485|
+   +--+----------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.  | Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+     9|Belbank             to|Cumberland|Brampton   7|Carlisle   12|
+    42|Belbroughton        pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 5|Stourbridge 5|
+    46|Belby               to|E.R. York |Howden     1|South Cave 11|
+    12|Belchalwell         pa|Dorset    |Blandford  7|Sturminster 3|
+    14|Belchamp Oten       pa|Essex     |Headingham 5|Sudbury     5|
+    14|Belchamp, St. Pauls  p|Essex     |...        6|...         6|
+    14|Belchamp Wallers[A] pa|Essex     |...        6|...         3|
+    24|Belchford           pa|Lincoln   |Horncastle 5|Louth       8|
+    29|Belford[B]   m.t. & pa|Northumb. |Newcastle 49|Alnwick     5|
+    30|Belgh              ham|Nottingham|Worksop    5|Ollerton    6|
+    23|Belgrave            pa|Leicester |Leicester  2|Loughboro'  9|
+    29|Bellasis            to|Northumb. |Morpeth    5|Newcastle  10|
+    46|Bellasize           to|E.R. York |Howden     5|South Cave  7|
+    18|Bell Bar              |Herts     |Barnet     6|Hatfield    3|
+    24|Belleau[C]          pa|Lincoln   |Alford     3|Louth       8|
+   +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+----------+------------+-----+-------+
+     9|Belbank             to|Longtown              9|  318|    127|
+    42|Belbroughton        pa|Kidderminst           7|  121|   1489|
+    46|Belby               to|Hull                 23|  181|     44|
+    12|Belchalwell         pa|Shaftesbury          10|  110|    205|
+    14|Belchamp Oten       pa|Clare                 4|   53|    397|
+    14|Belchamp, St. Pauls  p| ...                  3|   54|    808|
+    14|Belchamp Wallers[A] pa| ...                  5|   53|    670|
+    24|Belchford           pa|Spilsby              10|  141|    490|
+    29|Belford[B]   m.t. & pa|Berwich              15|  322|   2030|
+    30|Belgh              ham|Mansfield             7|  143|       |
+    23|Belgrave            pa|Derby                26|  100|   2329|
+    29|Bellasis            to|Blyth                 8|  284|       |
+    46|Bellasize           to|Blacktoft             3|  185|    189|
+    18|Bell Bar              |Hertford              8|   17|       |
+    24|Belleau[C]          pa|Saltfleet            12|  144|    107|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BELCHAMP, or Belchamp Wallers, in the hundred of Hinckford, lies
+north-east by north from Castle Headingham. The church, dedicated to the
+Virgin Mary, is lofty and neat, and contains an orchestra, with a fine
+toned organ. Here is a capacious vault which belongs to the Raymond
+family; and an elegant marble monument dedicated to them in the chancel.
+Mrs. Raymond has established in this village a Sunday school for fifty
+children belonging to the poor. Belchamp Hall, in this parish, is the
+residence of the Raymond's, one of whose ancestors came into England
+with the Conqueror, and whose family have resided in this neighbourhood
+upwards of two centuries. The house is a substantial and commodious
+building, whose principal or south-eastern front is for the most part
+composed of foreign bricks. It is situated on a pleasant lawn, sloping
+gradually to a small river, within 200 yards of the front. A spacious
+and extensive terrace, skirted with lofty trees, at the end of which is
+an ancient building, ornamented with painted glass, lies to the south.
+At the other end is a lofty mount, with another ornamental building on
+its summit. This mansion contains an interesting collection of pictures
+by some of the most esteemed masters; among them are the following:--The
+Wise Men's Offering, an altar-piece; Albert Durer. This picture, with a
+large gun, some pistols, and powder flasks, inlaid with gold and ivory,
+were presented to the Raymonds, by Sir William Harris, a sea-officer,
+who took them, with other property, on the defeat of the Spanish Armada,
+in 1588. A three-quarter portrait of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart., in whose
+public spirit the New river originated, and another of his wife, are
+both by Cornelius Jansen. Goldingham Hall, in the parish of Bulmer,
+adjoining Belchamp, was the residence of Sir Hugh.
+
+[Sidenote: Belchamp Hall.]
+
+
+[B] BELFORD is a little market town pleasantly situated on the side of a
+hill about two miles from the river Lear, and being a post-town, and on
+the great north road, has several good inns. The buildings in general
+are neat, and the church is a handsome structure, erected in 1700. Near
+this place on a rising ground, are the ruins of an ancient chapel,
+surrounded by several tall oaks; and at a little distance, are the
+remains of a Danish camp, apparently of great strength, surrounded by a
+deep ditch. The annual races formerly run at Beadnall, now take place at
+this town.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday--_Fairs_, Tuesday before Whit-Sunday, and August
+   23, for black cattle, sheep, and horses. The Edinburgh Mail arrives
+   7.49 morning; departs 3.36 afternoon.--_Inn_, Blue Bell.
+
+
+[C] BELLEAU. At this place, which takes it name from the excellent
+springs that issue from the chalk hills in the neighbourhood, are the
+ruins of what is called the Abbey. These consist of part of a turret,
+and two gateways, which convey an idea of its being a place of
+considerable importance. The walls are covered with ivy, and overhung
+with lofty ash trees. After the civil war, this place was granted to the
+eccentric Sir Harry Vane, who used to amuse himself on Sundays in
+assembling here his country neighbours, to whom he addressed his pious
+discourses. The church of Belleau is said, by Gough, to have been
+attached to the neighbouring monastery of Ailby; but neither Tanner nor
+the Monasticon mention such a religious house.
+
+[Sidenote: Abbey Ruins.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.     | County. |  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+    44|Bellerby           chap|N.R. York|Leyburn     1|Richmond     7|
+    29|Bellingham[A] m.t. & pa|Northumb |Hexham     16|Haltwhistle 17|
+    29|Bellister            to|Northumb | ...       16|Aldstone M. 12|
+     7|Bell-on-the-Hill       |Chesire  |Chester    17|Whitchurch   3|
+    32|Belmsthorpe         ham|Rutland  |Stamford    3|Ryhall       1|
+    10|Belper[B]           ham|Derby    |Derby       8|Wirksworth   7|
+    29|Belsey               to|Northumb |Newcastle  15|Morpeth     10|
+    18|Belswains           ham|Herts    |H. Hempsted 2|Watford      7|
+    36|Belstead             pa|Suffolk  |Ipswich     3|Hadleigh     8|
+    11|Belstone             pa|Devon    |Oakhampton  2|Exeter      21|
+    24|Beltoft             ham|Lincoln  |Gainsboro'  13|Burton     10|
+    23|Belton               pa|Leicester|Asbhy       6|Kegworth     5|
+   +--+-----------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                      |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.     |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    44|Bellerby           chap|Middleham             4|  236|     417|
+    29|Bellingham[A] m.t. & pa|Wark                  4|  294|    1460|
+    29|Bellister            to|Haltwhistle           2|  281|     120|
+     7|Bell-on-the-Hill       |Malpas                3|  166|        |
+    32|Belmsthorpe         ham|Essendine             2|   92|        |
+    10|Belper[B]           ham|Ashbourn             12|  134|    7890|
+    29|Belsey               to|Corbridge            11|  289|     334|
+    18|Belswains           ham|Ivinghoe             12|   22|        |
+    36|Belstead             pa|Stratford             7|   66|     248|
+    11|Belstone             pa|Bow                  10|  194|     206|
+    24|Beltoft             ham|Crowle                5|  162|        |
+    23|Belton               pa|Loughboro             7|  116|     735|
+   +--+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BELLINGHAM, lies N. N W. from Hexham. It gave name to an ancient
+family, who were seated here in 1378. Some ruins of their castle still
+remain. The chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is roofed with stone
+arches in rib-work: there are many gravestones in its floor, sculptured
+with swords, and other warlike emblems. Nearly opposite, on the south
+side of the North Tyne, is Heslieside, the seat of the Charlton family,
+since the time of Edward the Sixth. The old mansion-house, built after
+the manner of Lowther Hall, in Westmoreland, was burnt down about eighty
+years ago, and then rebuilt. The present edifice stands on a gentle
+eminence: the grounds are well wooded, and diversified with fine
+sheep-walks; and the gardens and fruit walls are very productive. Five
+miles above this place is Falstone chapel; and about seven miles further
+up is Keelder Castle, formerly the residence of a famous border
+chieftain, but at present a shooting-box of the Duke of Northumberland.
+The moors here are scattered over with cairns, tumuli, and Druidical
+monuments. Of Tarset Hall, about two miles above Heslieside, only some
+slight remains are visible. Of Chipchase Castle, the old tower still
+remains. Its roof is built on corbels, and it has openings through which
+to throw down stones or scalding water upon an enemy. The tattered
+fragments of Gothic painting on the walls, are exceedingly curious. Soon
+after it came to the family, (its present owners,) the mansion was
+thoroughly repaired, and much improved; the chapel on the lawn was
+rebuilt, the gardens made, and the grounds covered with extensive
+plantations. This delightful residence is surrounded with scenery of the
+richest and most enchanting kind. The rooms in it are fitted up in a
+splendid style, and ornamented with several excellent paintings. A
+bridge was erected over the Burn at the east end of the town in 1826.
+
+   _Market_, Tuesday.--_Fair_, Saturday after September 15, for cattle,
+   sheep, linen and woollen cloth.
+
+[Sidenote: Chipchase Castle.]
+
+
+[B] BELPER, or Belpar, anciently Beaupoire, is situated on the banks of
+the Derwent, in the hundred of Appletree. It is a chapelry of Duffield;
+and, though formerly an inconsiderable village, its population now
+exceeds, with the exception of Derby, every other town in the county.
+The great increase of population began from three large cotton mills of
+Messrs. Strutts, the first of which was erected in 1776. Two of them yet
+remain; but the third was destroyed by fire early in the year 1803. The
+largest of these mills is 200 feet long, 300 feet wide, and six stories
+high: it is considered fire proof, as the floor is built on brick
+arches, and paved with brick. The two water-wheels, which are employed
+in the machinery in this building, are remarkable for magnitude and
+singularity of construction; one of them being 40 feet long, and 18 in
+diameter; and the other 48 feet long, and 12 feet in diameter. As timber
+could not be procured large enough to form the axles of these wheels in
+the common manner, they are constructed circularly and hollow, of a
+number of pieces, and hooped in the manner of a cask. One of the shafts
+is six feet in diameter, and the other nine. The shuttles are
+constructed in one piece, so as to support the lateral pressure of the
+water, although it is ten feet deep, by resting one upon another. This
+is different from the usual mode of construction, in which they are
+supported by large perpendicular beams at every six or seven feet, in
+order to sustain this lateral pressure. About twelve or thirteen hundred
+people are employed at these mills; and the proprietors have built many
+houses, and a chapel, for their accommodation. Near the mills a stone
+bridge of three arches has been erected across the Derwent, at the
+expence of the county, the former one having been washed down by a
+dreadful flood, in 1795. At a short distance, lower down the river, is a
+bleaching mill, belonging to the same proprietors; an iron forge, and
+two cotton mills; one of them constructed like that before described. A
+stone bridge was also erected here by these gentlemen in 1792. These
+mills afford regular employment to about 600 persons. A Sunday school
+has been established here, and another at Belper, for the instruction of
+the children employed at the cotton works.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Mail_ arrives 1.30 afternoon; departs 8.45
+   morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Manufactories.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cotton Mills.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | County. | Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+    24|Belton[A]         pa|Lincoln  |Grantham    3|Leadenham    8|
+    24|Belton            pa|Lincoln  |Gainsboro'  13|Epworth     2|
+    32|Belton            pa|Rutland  |Uppingham   4|Oakham       7|
+    36|Belton            pa|Suffolk  |Yarmouth    4|Lowestoft    8|
+    24|Belvoir[B]ex pa. lib|Leicester|Grantham    7|Newark      16|
+    43|Bempton           pa|E.R. York|Bridlington 3|Flamborough  3|
+   +--+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    24|Belton[A]         pa|Lincoln              20|  113|     160|
+    24|Belton            pa|Crowle                5|  162|    1597|
+    32|Belton            pa|Rockingham            9|   92|     400|
+    36|Belton            pa|Beccles               9|  121|     124|
+    24|Belvoir[B]ex pa. lib|Colterswrth          10|  112|     105|
+    43|Bempton           pa|Hunmanby              7|  210|     287|
+   +--+--------------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BELTON. The church is a small ancient structure. The tower appears
+to have been rebuilt in the year 1637, and at a subsequent period, the
+chancel has been renewed. The church is extremely neat, and has in the
+south window six pieces of stained glass, illustrative of scriptural
+subjects. Within the nave are several splendid monuments. Belton House,
+near Grantham, the residence of Earl Brownlow, is situated on a
+beautiful lawn, in a wooded valley, through which the river Witham winds
+its course. The mansion was built in the year 1689, from designs by Sir
+Christopher Wren. The form of the building is that of the letter H, a
+stile of architecture peculiar to that period. It is of stone, and
+presents four uniform elevations. The apartments are lofty, and well
+proportioned. Several of the rooms are highly ornamented with carving by
+Gibbons. The late Lord Brownlow made considerable improvements in the
+mansion. He took down the cupola and balustrade from the roof. The
+drawing room was considerably enlarged, and a new entrance at the south
+front made. Here are many pictures by celebrated masters of the Flemish
+and Italian schools, with numerous family portraits by Lely, Reynolds,
+Kneller, Romney and others. Among the latter we may remark a portrait of
+Sir John Cust, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, in his robes, by
+Sir Joshua Reynolds. William III. in his progress through the northern
+counties, honoured Belton House with his presence. The park comprises an
+area of five miles in circumference, inclosed by a wall; numerous
+plantations of fine trees are highly ornamental to the place. Sir John
+Brownlow, K.B. afterwards Viscount Tyrconnel, enriched the library with
+a valuable collection of books; he also formed some extensive gardens,
+which have since been more adapted to the modern taste in gardening.
+
+[Sidenote: Belton House.]
+
+
+[B] BELVOIR. The Castle is one of the most magnificent structures in the
+kingdom. It is placed on an abrupt elevation of a kind of natural cliff,
+forming the termination of a peninsular hill. It has been the seat of
+Manners, Dukes of Rutland, for several generations, and claims the
+priority of every other building in the county in which it is situated.
+Belvoir has been the site of a Castle ever since the Norman conquest;
+and its possessors have been chiefly persons of eminence who have
+figured in the pages of history. The view from the terraces and towers
+comprehends the whole vale of Belvoir and the adjoining country as far
+as Lincoln, including twenty-two of the Duke of Rutland's manors. On the
+southern slope of the hill are enclosed-terraces, on which there are
+several flower-gardens, surrounded by shrubberies. The park is of great
+extent, containing fine forest trees, which form a woodland beneath the
+hill so extensive as to afford shelter for innumerable rooks. Its
+interior and furniture is of the most superb and costly description; it
+also contains one of the most valuable collections of paintings in this
+country, whether considered for the variety of the schools, or the works
+of each master. A conflagration took place in the year 1816, which
+consumed a great portion of the ancient part of the castle, and several
+of the pictures. A curious anecdote is related, illustrative of the
+folly and superstition of ancient times, which may not be uninteresting
+to add. Joan Flower and her two; daughters who were servants at Belvoir
+Castle, having been dismissed the family, in revenge made use of all the
+enchantments, spells, and charms that were at that time supposed to
+answer their malicious purposes. Henry the eldest son died soon after
+their dismissal, but no suspicion of witchcraft arose till five years
+after, when the three women who are said to have entered into a formal
+contract with the devil, were accused of "murdering Lord Henry Ross by
+witchcraft and torturing the Lord Francis his brother and Lady Catherine
+his sister." After various examinations they were committed to Lincoln
+gaol. The mother died at Ancaster, on her way thither, having wished the
+bread and butter she ate might choak her if she was guilty. The
+daughters were tried before Sir Henry Hobbert, Chief Justice of the
+Common Pleas, and Sir Edward Bromley, one of the Barons of the
+Exchequer; they confessed their guilt and were executed at Lincoln,
+March 11, 1618.
+
+[Sidenote: The Castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Charge of witchcraft.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. | County.  | Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+    41|Bemerton[A]     pa|Wilts     |Salisbury 2|Wilton     2|
+    36|Benacre         pa|Suffolk   |Yarmouth 17|Lowestoft  7|
+    29|Benridge       ham|Northumb  |Morpeth   3|Ruthbury  13|
+    28|Benefield[B]    pa|Northamton|Oundle    3|Weldon     6|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-----------+------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+    41|Bemerton[A]     pa|Amesbury             9|   83|      |
+    36|Benacre         pa|Blythburg            8|  108|      |
+    29|Benridge       ham|Blyth               14|  291|    57|
+    28|Benefield[B]    pa|Corby                8|   85|   519|
+   +--+------------------+----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEMERTON, a parish in the hundred of Branch and Dole. The rectory of
+this place is interesting, as having been the residence of no less than
+four celebrated characters, viz. Dr. Walter Curie, Bishop of Bath and
+Wells, and afterwards of Winchester, who died in 1647; George Herbert,
+called the divine, who died in 1635; John Norris, a metaphysical writer,
+who died in 1711; and, lastly, Mr. Archdeacon Coxe, the traveller and
+historian, who died in 1828: all of them gentlemen highly distinguished
+in the annals of literature.
+
+[Sidenote: Celebrated men.]
+
+
+[B] BENEFIELD. In this parish are some remarkable cavities, called
+Swallows, which have opened a wide field of speculation among
+philosophers, who have grounded, upon the singular phenomena they
+exhibit, some new systems with regard to the theory of the earth. These
+swallows are situated about a furlong west of the village, and are nine
+in number. Through these cavities, the land-flood waters constantly pass
+and disappear. They are of a circular form, and of various diameters;
+some having an oblique, and others a perpendicular descent, opening
+beneath the apertures into large spaces, which exhibit several smaller
+conduits, through which the waters pass, to join perhaps, some
+subterranean river, or mingle with the grand abyss of waters, which some
+philosophers have placed in the centre of the earth.
+
+[Sidenote: Geological curiosities.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. |Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+     5|Bengers           ham|Bucks     |Colnbrook   3|Uxbridge    3|
+    21|Beneden[A]         pa|Kent      |Cranbrook   3|Tenterden   5|
+    13|Benfield-Side     ham|Durham    |Durham     12|Newcastle  13|
+    14|Benfleet, North    pa|Essex     |Rayleigh    4|Billericay  6|
+    14|Benfleet, South[B] pa|Essex     | ...        4| ...        9|
+    18|Bengeo             pa|Hertford  |Hertford    1|Ware        2|
+    15|Bengrove          ham|Gloucester|Tewkesbury  6|Evesbam     7|
+    42|Bengworth          pa|Worcester |Worchester 16|Pershore    7|
+    36|Benhall            pa|Suffolk   |Saxmundham  2|Frainlingh  5|
+     4|Benham             to|Berks     |Newbury     3|Hungerford  6|
+     4|Benham-Hoe        ham|Berks     | ...        4|  ...       6|
+    44|Benningborough     to|N.R. York |York        7|Boro'bridge 8|
+    46|Benningholme       to|E.R. York |Beverly     7|Hornsea     7|
+    18|Bennington         pa|Hertford  |Stevenage   5|Buntingford 6|
+    24|Bennington         pa|Lincoln   |Boston      5|Wainfleet  12|
+    24|Bennington-Long[C] pa|Lincoln   |Grantham    7|Newark      7|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
+     5|Bengers           ham|Slough                 4|   18|       |
+    21|Beneden[A]         pa|Rolvenden              3|   51|   1663|
+    13|Benfield-Side     ham|Wolsingham            12|  270|    543|
+    14|Benfleet, North    pa|Southend               6|   29|    300|
+    14|Benfleet, South[B] pa| ...                   6|   32|    533|
+    18|Bengeo             pa|Watton                 5|   22|    855|
+    15|Bengrove          ham|Pershore               7|  101|       |
+    42|Bengworth          pa|Broadway               5|  100|    850|
+    36|Benhall            pa|Woodbridge             3|   89|    668|
+     4|Benham             to|Kinbury                3|   59|       |
+     4|Benham-Hoe        ham| ...                   4|   60|       |
+    44|Benningborough     to|Wetherby              10|  204|     93|
+    46|Benningholme       to|Hull                   8|  182|    103|
+    18|Bennington         pa|Watton                 3|   29|    631|
+    24|Bennington         pa|Burgh                 16|  121|    500|
+    24|Bennington-Long[C] pa|Leadenham              8|  116|    982|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+------+-------+
+
+
+[A] BENENDEN, or Biddenden, three miles south east from Cranbrook, is at
+present populous, though the clothing manufacture, which first
+occasioned the increase of the population of this part of the county, in
+the reign of Edward the Third, has for many years failed here. Several
+good houses still remaining, discover the prosperity of the former
+inhabitants. The church is a handsome regular building, and its tower a
+structure of considerable height and strength. By the old part now
+remaining, it appears to have been originally but small. The interior
+contains several ancient brasses, and among them, one for the Goldwells
+of Great Chart; with the dates 1452, and 1499, in Arabic numerals: the
+rebus of this name, a golden fountain, or well, is also in one of the
+windows. A free grammar school, now degenerated into a complete
+sinecure, was founded here in the year 1522. There is a tradition in
+this parish, that a bequest for the use of the poor, of 20 acres of
+land, now called the Bread and Cheese land, lying in five pieces, was
+given by two maiden sisters, commonly called the "Biddenden Maids," of
+the name of Chulkhurst, "who were born joined together by the hips and
+shoulders, in the year 1100;" and having lived in that state thirty-four
+years, died within about six hours of each other. This tale is affected
+to be established by the correspondent figures of two females impressed
+on cakes, which after Divine service, in the afternoon, on every Easter
+Sunday, are distributed to all comers, and not unfrequently to the
+number from 800 to 1000. At the same time, about 270 loaves, weighing
+three pounds and a half each, and cheese in proportion, are given to the
+poor parishioners; the whole expence being defrayed from the rental of
+the bequeathed lands. The marvellous part of the story however, was
+wholly discredited by the well informed, until the visit of the Siamese
+twins to this country revived it with some appearance of truth.
+
+[Sidenote: The Biddenden maids.]
+
+
+[B] BENFLEET lies south-west by south from Rayleigh. Here was a castle,
+built by Hastings, the celebrated Danish pirate, and which building
+Matthew of Westminster described, as having deep and wide ditches. This
+fortress Alfred the Great took and destroyed in the year 890; Hasting's
+wife and two sons taken therein, were sent to London. The creeks
+entering the Thames round Benfleet are celebrated for their oysters.
+
+[Sidenote: A pirate's castle.]
+
+
+[C] BENNINGTON, called Belintone in the Domesday Book, was a seat of the
+Mercian kings; and here a great council of nobility and prelates was
+assembled about the year 850, under King Bertulph, who on the complaint
+of Askill, a monk of Croyland, of the great devastations committed on
+the property of that monastery by the Danes, granted the monks a new
+charter of divers "splendid liberties," and several extensive manors. In
+the 33d of Edward I. a charter of a weekly market, and a fair annually,
+was granted for this manor; but the former has long fallen into disuse!
+The manor was long in possession of the Bourchiers, Earls of Essex.
+Robert, the third Earl, after his divorce from the infamous Lady Francis
+Howard, his first wife, in 1613, sold it to Sir Julius Caesar, Knt., from
+whom it descended to his son and heir, Sir Charles Caesar. This gentleman
+was appointed Master of the Rolls in 1638; and, after being twice
+married, and having fifteen children by both wives, died of the
+small-pox, at Bennington, in 1643: this disease proved fatal also to
+several of his issue, and among them, to Julius, his eldest surviving
+son, who dying within a few days, was buried in the same grave with his
+father. Henry, his next son, and heir, represented this county in the
+two first parliaments held in the reign of Charles II.; and he was
+knighted by that sovereign in 1660: he also died of the small-pox, in
+January 1667. This manor was sold to the trustees under the will of Sir
+John Cheshire, Knt. His great nephew, John Cheshire, Esq., resided in a
+small mansion near the ancient castle at Bennington, which stood
+westward from the church, and most probably occupied the spot whereon
+stood the palace of the Saxon Kings. The artificial mount of the keep,
+with the surrounding ditch, are still to be seen. The old manor-house
+that had been inhabited by the Caesars, stood in the park, at a small
+distance from the village, but was burnt down about fifty years ago. A
+small edifice, since erected on the site, was for some years occupied by
+Mr. Bullock. Bennington church is a small fabric, consisting of a nave
+and a chancel, with a tower at the west end, and a chapel or
+burial-place connected with the chancel on the north. Here are two
+ancient monuments, under arches, which form part of them, each
+exhibiting recumbent figures of a knight and a lady. Many of the Caesars
+lie buried here. The Benstede family, sometime lords of the manor, are
+supposed to have built this church, as their arms are displayed both
+upon the roof and on the tower. In a niche over the south porch, St.
+Michael and the dragon are sculptured.
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient charters.]
+
+[Sidenote: The small-pox fatal to Cheshires.]
+
+[Sidenote: Their monuments.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.    |  County. |Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+    24|Benningworth       pa|Lincoln   |Wragby      6|Horncastle   9|
+    29|Bewridge           to|Northumb  |Morpeth     2|Rothbury    12|
+    31|Bensinton[A]       pa|Oxford    |Wallingford 2|Nettlebed    6|
+    14|Bentfield         ham|Essex     |Stanstead   2|B. Stortford 4|
+    33|Benthall           pa|Salop     |Wenlock     3|Madeley      6|
+    15|Bentham           ham|Gloucester|Gloucester  5|Cheltenham   5|
+    44|Bentham       pa & to|W.R. York |Settle     12|Ingleton     5|
+    16|Bentley            pa|Hants     |Farnham     4|Alton        6|
+    35|Bentley      to & lib|Stafford  |Walsall     2|S. Coldfield 7|
+    36|Bentley            pa|Suffolk   |Ipswich     6|Manningtree 12|
+    39|Bentley           ham|Warwick   |Atherstone  3|Coleshill    7|
+    46|Bentley            to|W.R. York |Doncaster   2|Arksey       1|
+    10|Bentley, Fenny     pa|Derby     |Ashborne    3|Wirksworth   8|
+    14|Bentley, Great     pa|Essex     |Colchester  9|Manningtree  9|
+    10|Bentley, Hungry    to|Derby     |Ashborne    6|Derby       10|
+    14|Bentley, Little    pa|Essex     |Manningtree 5|Colchester   9|
+    42|Bentley, Up. & L. ham|Worcester |Bromsgrove  3|Redditch     3|
+    29|Benton, Little     to|Northumb  |Newcastle   4|N. Shields   6|
+    29|Benton, Long[B]    pa|Northumb  | ...        4| ...         6|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+--------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.    | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+    24|Benningworth       pa|Louth                  9|  145|     373|
+    29|Bewridge           to|Blyth                 11|  290|      53|
+    31|Bensinton[A]       pa|Dorchester             3|   46|    1266|
+    14|Bentfield         ham|Saff. Walden           9|   34|     505|
+    33|Benthall           pa|Wellington             7|  150|     525|
+    15|Bentham           ham|Painswick              7|  104|        |
+    44|Bentham       pa & to|Lancaster             13|  247|    3957|
+    16|Bentley            pa|Odiham                 6|   42|     728|
+    35|Bentley      to & lib|Lichfield              8|  120|      99|
+    36|Bentley            pa|Harwich               18|   69|     363|
+    39|Bentley           ham|Birmingham            16|  106|     270|
+    46|Bentley            to|Thorne                10|  164|    1144|
+    10|Bentley, Fenny     pa|Derby                 16|  142|     308|
+    14|Bentley, Great     pa|Harwich               13|   60|     978|
+    10|Bentley, Hungry    to|Uttoxeter              9|  136|      92|
+    14|Bentley, Little    pa|Harwich               10|   60|     438|
+    42|Bentley, Up. & L. ham|Birmingham            14|  113|        |
+    29|Benton, Little     to|Blyth                  9|  278|        |
+    29|Benton, Long[B]    pa| ...                   9|  278|    5547|
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BENSINGTON was an ancient British town, taken from the original
+inhabitants by Ceaulin, in the year 572. The west Saxons held the place
+for two centuries, and appear to have constructed a castle for its
+defence; but it was reduced by Offa, king of the Mercians, who defeated
+his rival in a sanguinary contest. To the west of the church are a
+quadrangular bank and trench. Three sides of the embankment are much
+defaced. Plot mentions an "angle of King Offa's palace near the church;"
+by which he probably alludes to the same spot. In this village are
+several modern buildings. The church, which is gothic, has been built at
+different times. In the brick flooring of the nave are some ancient
+stones, with mutilated brasses. Here is a Sunday-school supported by
+subscription; and a meeting-house for methodists.
+
+[Sidenote: A Mercian King.]
+
+
+[B] LONG BENTON. A dreadful calamity occurred at Heaton Colliery, in
+this neighbourhood, on the morning of May 3, 1815, when, by the sudden
+influx of water from an old mine, Mr. Miller, (the under-viewer, who
+left a wife and eight children), 22 workmen, 42 boys, and 37 horses,
+perished; and 25 widows, with about 80 children, were left to bemoan the
+sudden death of their husbands and fathers. Steam-engines were
+immediately employed, and every exertion was made for the recovery of
+the bodies; notwithstanding which, it was not till the 6th of January,
+in the following year, that the first body was found. It was that of an
+old man employed on the waggon-way: and a fact worthy of notice is, that
+the waste-water in which he had been immersed had destroyed the woollen
+clothes, and corroded the iron parts of a knife the deceased had in his
+pocket, yet his linen and the bone-haft of his knife remained entire.
+Shortly after, Mr. Miller, and a few others, were discovered: they had
+met a similar fate, having been overtaken by the water about a hundred
+yards from the shaft to which they had been hastening to save
+themselves. But the lot of these eight persons may be considered
+fortunate, when compared with the unhappy beings left at work towards
+the rise of the mine, and as yet unconscious of their dreadful
+situation. About the 16th of February, the higher parts of the workings
+were explored; and now a scene truly horrible was presented to view: for
+here lay the corpses of 56 human beings, whom the water had never
+reached, being situated 35 fathoms above its level. They had collected
+together near the crane, and were found within a space of 30 yards of
+each other; their positions and attitudes were various; several appeared
+to have fallen forwards from off an inequality, or rather step, in the
+coal on which they had been sitting; others, from their hands being
+clasped together, seemed to have expired while addressing themselves to
+the protection of the Deity; two, who were recognized as brothers, had
+died in the act of taking a last farewell by grasping each other's hand:
+and one poor boy reposed in his father's arms. Two slight cabins had
+been hastily constructed by nailing up deal boards, and in one of these
+melancholy habitations three of the stoutest miners had breathed their
+last. A large lump of horse flesh, wrapped up in a jacket, nearly two
+pounds of candles, and three others, which had died out when
+half-burned, were found in this apartment, if it can be so called. One
+man, well known to have possessed a remarkably pacific disposition, had
+retired to a distance to end his days alone, and in quiet. Another had
+been placed to watch the rise or fall of the water; to ascertain which,
+sticks had been placed, and was found dead at his post. There were two
+horses in the part of the mine to which the people had retired; one had
+been slaughtered, its entrails taken out, and hind quarters cut up for
+use; the other was fastened to a stake, which it had almost gnawed to
+pieces, as well as a corfe or coal basket that had been left within its
+reach. That these ill-fated people perished for want of respirable air,
+and not from hunger and thirst, is certain; for most of the flesh cut
+from the horse, with a considerable quantity of horse-beans, were
+unconsumed, and a spring of good water issued into this part of the
+colliery; besides, the unburned remains of candles afford evidence of a
+still stronger nature; and by these data the coroner's jury was enabled
+to pronounce a verdict accordingly. The overman had left the
+chalk-board, in which it is usual to take down an account of the work
+done, together with his pocket-book, in an empty corfe; on these some
+memorandum might have been expected to be noted: but no writing
+subsequent to the catastrophe appeared on either.--The bodies of those
+men which had lain in wet places were much decayed; but where the floor
+was dry, though their flesh had become much shrivelled, they were all
+easily recognised by their features being entire.
+
+[Sidenote: Dreadful accident.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fifty-six lives lost in a mine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cause of their death.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places. |  County. | Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+    45|Bents-Green      |W.R. York |Sheffield  3|Bakewell    13|
+    16|Bentworth      pa|Hants     |Alton      5|Alresford    8|
+    12|Benville      ham|Dorset    |Beaminster 4|Crewkherne   6|
+    23|Benwell        to|Northumb  |Newcastle  2|Corbridge   14|
+     6|Benwick      chap|Cambridge |March      6|Chatteris    6|
+    42|Beoley         pa|Worcester |Bromsgrove 8|Redditch     3|
+    38|Bepton         pa|Sussex    |Midhurst   3|Petersield   9|
+    14|Berdin         pa|Essex     |Stanstead  6|Saff. Walden 9|
+    15|Berdwick      ham|Gloucester|Bristol    8|Marshfield   4|
+    14|Bere-Church    pa|Essex     |Colchester 2|Coggeshall  10|
+    12|Bere          ham|Dorset    |Blandford  7|Shaftesbury  8|
+    16|Bere-Lay      ham|Hants     |Newport    7|Niton        2|
+    36|Bergholt, East pa|Suffolk   |Hadleigh   6|Ipswich      8|
+    14|Bergholt, West pa|Essex     |Colchester 4|Witham      13|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+------------+--------------+
+                                                |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+    45|Bents-Green      |Castleton            12|  163|        |
+    16|Bentworth      pa|Basingstoke           8|   52|     592|
+    12|Benville      ham|Yeovil                8|  130|        |
+    23|Benwell        to|Hexham               18|  276|    1278|
+     6|Benwick      chap|Peterborough          6|   81|     526|
+    42|Beoley         pa|Birmingham           11|  112|     673|
+    38|Bepton         pa|Chichester           10|   53|     166|
+    14|Berdin         pa|Bis. Stortford        6|   36|     342|
+    15|Berdwick      ham|Sodbury               5|   97|        |
+    14|Bere-Church    pa|Aberton               3|   52|     142|
+    12|Bere          ham|Sturminster           5|  109|        |
+    16|Bere-Lay      ham|Shanklin             10|   93|        |
+    36|Bergholt, East pa|Manningtree           3|   63|    1360|
+    14|Bergholt, West pa|Halstead             10|   10|     786|
+   +--+-----------------+-----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. |Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+---------+-----------+
+    15|Berkeley[A] m.t. & pa|Gloucester|Dursley 6|Chepstow 13|
+    34|Berkeley           pa|Somerset  |Frome   3|Bath     12|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+---------+-----------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  | Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+    15|Berkeley[A] m.t. & pa|Thornbury          7|  114| 3899|
+    34|Berkeley           pa|Warminster         7|  103|  531|
+   +--+---------------------+--------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BERKELEY. This ancient, but small town, is situated upon a pleasant
+eminence in the beautiful vale of Berkeley, almost east from the Severn.
+In the Domesday book, it is termed a royal domain and free borough. A
+nunnery is said to have existed here in the reign of Edward the
+Confessor; the frail sisters of which were dispossessed of their
+estates, including the manor, by the craft of Earl Godwin, who found
+means to introduce into the community a profligate young man, by whom
+the nuns were seduced. This conduct being reported to the King, the
+nunnery was dissolved, and its possessions granted to the Earl. The
+Conqueror afterwards bestowed the manor on Roger, surnamed De Berkeley,
+a chieftain who had accompanied him to England. Roger, his grandson,
+taking part with Stephen, against Henry II., was deprived of his lands;
+and Berkeley was given by that monarch to Robert Fitzharding, Governor
+of Bristol, in reward for his eminent services. This nobleman was
+descended from the Kings of Denmark, and in his posterity the extensive
+manor of Berkeley, one of the largest in England, is still vested.
+Berkeley church appears to be of the age of Henry II., though it has
+undergone various alterations. Near the pulpit is a curious tomb, in
+memory of Thomas, second Lord Berkeley, and Margaret, his first wife.
+Here also are various other monuments of this family. The tower, which
+stands at some distance from the church, was constructed about seventy
+years ago. In the churchyard is the well known ludicrous epitaph,
+written by Dean Swift, in memory of "Dickey Pearce, the Earl of
+Suffolk's fool." Berkeley Castle appears to have been founded by Roger
+de Berkeley, soon after the Conquest; but various important additions
+were made to it during the reigns of Henry II., Edward II., and Edward
+III. The form of the castle approaches nearest to that of a circle; and
+the buildings are included by an irregular court, with a moat. The keep
+is flanked by three semi-circular towers, and a square one of subsequent
+construction: its walls are high and massive: the entrance into it is
+under an arched doorway, with ornamental sculpture in the Norman style,
+similar to one at Arundel Castle. This fortress has been the scene of
+various memorable transactions; the most remarkable, perhaps, was that
+of the murder of Edward II., in September, 1327, thus noticed by Gray:--
+
+   "Mark the year, and mark the night,
+   When Severn shall re-echo with affright,
+   The shrieks of death through Berkeley's roofs that ring;
+   Shrieks of an agonising King!"
+
+Tradition states, that when the murder of King Edward had been
+determined on, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, at the instigation of the
+Queen, wrote to the keeper the following words; which, not possessing
+the distinctness imported by punctuation, were capable of a double
+construction:
+
+   "Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est."
+   Edward the King kill not to fear is good.
+
+The keeper, easily divining the wicked wishes of his employer, put his
+royal master to death. According to another account, when the death of
+this unfortunate, but weak sovereign, had been resolved on by the Queen
+and Mortimer, her infamous paramour, he was removed from Kenelworth to
+Berkeley Castle, by Sir John Maltravers and Sir Thomas Gourney, to whose
+keeping he had been previously committed. Thomas, second Lord Berkeley,
+then owner of the castle, treated him with civility and kindness, but
+was, in a short time, obliged to relinquish his fortress to the
+government of Maltravers and Gourney, by whom the King was soon
+afterwards murdered, in the most brutal and savage manner. "His crie,"
+says Holinshed, "did move many within the castell and town of Birckelei
+to compassion, plainly hearing him utter a waileful noyse, as the
+tormentors were about to murder him; so that dyvers being awakened
+thereby, (as they themselves confessed,) prayed heartilie to God to
+receyve his soule, when they understode by his crie what the matter
+ment." A small apartment, called the dungeon room, over the flight of
+steps leading into the keep, is shewn as the place where the cruel deed
+was committed: at that time, all the light it received was from arrow
+slits; the windows have been since introduced. A plaister cast kept
+here, and said to have been moulded from the King's face after death,
+is, in reality, a cast from his effigies on the tomb at Gloucester.
+Berkeley Castle, during the civil wars, was held for the King; and
+frequent skirmishes took place in the town and neighbourhood. In 1645 it
+was besieged, and surrendered to the parliament, after a defence of nine
+days. In the apartments, which are mostly low, dark, and void of
+proportion, are preserved a numerous assemblage of portraits, chiefly of
+the Stratton branch, the bequest of the last heir of that family.
+Besides these portraits, here are several miniatures of the Berkeleys,
+of considerable antiquity, and so far curious. A few landscapes, by
+Wouvermans, Claude, Salvator Rosa, &c. complete the Berkeley collection.
+Edward Jenner, an English physician, celebrated for having introduced
+the practice of vaccination, as a preventive of the small-pox, was the
+youngest son of a clergyman, who held the rectory of Rochampton, and the
+vicarage of this place, and the son was born here, May 17, 1749. Being
+destined for the medical profession, he was, after a common school
+education, placed as an apprentice with a very respectable surgeon, at
+Sodbury, in his native country. He visited London, to finish his
+studies, by attending the lectures of the celebrated anatomist John
+Hunter. Returning to the country, he settled here, as a practitioner of
+the various branches of his profession. A situation like this afforded
+but little leisure or opportunity for acquiring distinction, and an
+occasion presented itself for obtaining a larger field for observation,
+improvement, and emolument: this, however, he was induced to decline.
+The circumstances of the transaction are thus related by Dr. Lettsom, in
+his address to the London Medical Society:--"Dr. Jenner happened to dine
+with a large party at Bath, when something was introduced at the table
+which required to be warmed by the application of the candle, and doubts
+were expressed by several persons present, whether the most speedy way
+would be to keep the flame at a little distance under, or to immerse the
+substance into it. Jenner desired that the candle might be placed near
+him, and immediately putting his finger into the flame, suffered it to
+remain some time; next he put his finger above it, but he was obliged to
+snatch it away immediately. 'This, gentlemen,' said he, 'is a sufficient
+test.' The next day he received a note from General Smith, who had been
+of the party the preceding day, and who was before that time an utter
+stranger, offering him an appointment in India, which would insure him,
+in the course of two or three years, an annual income L3,000. The offer
+was referred to his brother, and Jenner, from his attachment to him,
+declined it." He had already obtained the reputation of a man of talent
+and science, when he made known to the world the very important
+discovery which has raised him to an enviable situation among the
+benefactors of the human race. His investigations concerning the cow-pox
+were commenced about the year 1776, when his attention was excited by
+the circumstance of finding that some individuals, to whom he attempted
+to communicate the small-pox by inoculation, were insusceptible of the
+disease; and on inquiry he found that all such patients, though they had
+never had the small-pox, had undergone the casual cow-pox, a disease
+common among the farmers and dairy-servants in Gloucestershire, who were
+not quite unacquainted with its preventive effect. Other medical men
+were aware of the prevalence of this opinion; but they treated it as a
+popular prejudice, and Jenner seems to have been the first who
+ascertained its correctness, and endeavoured to derive from it some
+practical advantage. He discovered that the variolae vaccinae, as the
+complaint has been since termed, having, in the first-instance, been
+produced by accidental or designed innoculation of the matter afforded
+by a peculiar disease affecting the udder of a cow, could be propagated
+from one human subject to another by inoculation, to an indefinite
+extent, rendering all who passed through it secure from the small-pox.
+He made known his discovery to some medical friends, and in the month of
+July, 1796, Mr. Cline, surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, introduced
+vaccination into the metropolis. So singular and anomalous a fact as the
+prevention of an infectious disease by means of another, in many
+respects extremely differing from it, could not but be received with
+hesitation; and a warm controversy took place on the subject among the
+medical faculty. This ultimately proved advantageous both to the
+discovery and the discoverer, as it terminated in establishing the truth
+of the most important positions which he had advanced, and left him in
+full possession of the merit due to him as a successful investigator of
+the laws of nature. The practice of vaccine inoculation was adopted in
+the army and navy, and honours and rewards were conferred on the author
+of the discovery. The diploma constituting him doctor of medicine, was
+presented to Jenner as a tribute to his talents, by the University of
+Oxford; he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society, and of other
+learned associations; and a parliamentary grant was made to him of the
+sum of L20,000. The extension of the benefits of vaccination to foreign
+countries spread the fame of the discoverer, who received several
+congratulatory addresses from continental potentates. The emperor of
+Russia, when in this country in 1814, sought an interview with Dr.
+Jenner, treated him with great attention, and offered to bestow on him a
+Russian order of nobility. He also visited the King of Prussia, Marshal
+Blucher, and the Cossack General, Count Platoff, the latter of whom said
+to him, "Sir, you have extinguished the most pestilential disorder that
+ever appeared on the banks of the Don." On receiving his diploma, Dr.
+Jenner practised as a physician at Cheltenham, during the season, and
+that watering-place was his principal residence till he became a
+widower, when he removed to Berkeley, to spend in retirement the evening
+of his life. He died suddenly in consequence of apoplexy, January 26,
+1823, and was interred in the parish church of this town.
+
+   _Market_, Wednesday.--_Fair_, May 14, for cattle and pigs.
+
+[Sidenote: The nunnery.]
+
+[Sidenote: The castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: Murder of Edward II.]
+
+[Sidenote: Besieged by the Parliament.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Jenner.]
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote.]
+
+[Sidenote: Discovery of vaccination by the cow-pox.]
+
+[Sidenote: Jenner's subsequent fame.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.              |County.|Number of Miles From   |
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+
+    18|Berkhampstead, Gr.[A]  m.t. & pa|Herts  |Watford  12|Tring     5|
+    18|Berkhampstead, Little         pa|Herts  |Hertford  5|Hatfield  5|
+    39| Berkeswell                   pa|Warwick|Coventry  7|Solihull  7|
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------+-----------+-----------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.              |Number of Miles    |Dist.|Popul
+                                       |  From             |Lond.|-ation.
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------------------+-----+-----+
+    18|Berkhampstead, Gr.[A]  m.t. & pa|Dunstable        11|   26| 2369|
+    18|Berkhampstead, Little         pa|Hoddesdon         6|   19|  450|
+    39| Berkeswell                   pa|Meriden           2|   93| 1450|
+   +--+--------------------------------+-------------------+-----+-----+
+
+
+[A] BERKHAMPSTEAD. "The Saxons, in old time," observes Norden, "called
+this town Berghamstedt, because it was seated among the hills; for Berg
+signified a hill; ham, a town; and stedt, a seat; all of which was very
+proper for the situation hereof." The buildings are chiefly of brick,
+and irregular, but intersected with various handsome houses.
+Berkhampstead consists of one principal street, about half a mile in
+length, extending along the side of the high road; and another smaller
+one branching out from the church towards the site of the castle. The
+Grand Junction Canal runs the whole length of the town, and very close
+to it, which makes it a place of considerable trade. Many respectable
+and genteel families reside here, and hold their monthly balls at the
+King's Arms Inn, during the winter. The King of Mercia had a palace or
+castle here; and the town had attained sufficient importance at the time
+of the Conquest, to be appointed as the place of meeting between the
+Norman sovereign, and the chiefs of the confederacy formed against his
+power, and headed by Abbot Fretheric, of St. Alban's. "In the brough,"
+says the Domesday Book, "are two and fifty burgesses, who pay four
+pounds a year for toll; and they have half a hide, and two shillings
+rent, common of pasture for the cattle, wood to feed a thousand hogs,
+and five shillings rent by the year. Its whole value is sixteen pounds.
+The castle erected by the Saxons was enlarged, strengthened, and
+fortified with additional outworks, by the Earl of Mortaigne; but in the
+time of his son and successor, William, who had rebelled against Henry
+I., it was seized, and ordered to be razed to the ground." It is
+probable, however, that the demolition was only partial, as it was again
+fitted up as a royal residence, either in the time of Stephen, or early
+in the reign of Henry II. The castle and honour of Berkhampstead
+continued in the possession of the crown till the seventh of King John,
+who granted them to the Earl of Essex, for L100. per annum. In the year
+1216 the castle, which had been reverted to the crown, was besieged by
+Lewis, Dauphin of France, in conjunction with certain English barons.
+The garrison, taking advantage of the negligence of the besiegers, made
+two successful sallies on the same day, capturing divers chariots, arms,
+and provisions; but, after a siege of some continuance, they
+surrendered. Henry III. granted the Earldom of Cornwall, with the honour
+and castle of Berkhampstead, to Richard, his brother, for his services
+at the siege of the castle of Riole, in France; but, disagreeing with
+him, he revoked the grant. The interposition of the Earls of Pembroke
+and Chester occasioned its restoration to the Earl of Cornwall. In 1245,
+the King granted him an annual fair, of eight days' continuance, for his
+manor of Berkhampstead; and here, after a long illness, he died on the
+4th of April, 1272. Edmund, his only surviving son, succeeded to his
+estates and titles; and in his time there were twelve burgesses within
+the borough, with fifty-two free tenants, and twenty-two tenants by
+serjeancy. This Earl founded the college of Bon-Hommes, at Ashridge, in
+Buckinghamshire. In the fourth of Edward III., John of Eltham, brother
+to the King, had a grant of Berkhampstead, with other manors, to the
+value of 2,000 marks per annum: but, dying without issue, in 1336, his
+estates were granted by the King, to Edward the Black Prince, with the
+Dukedom of Cornwall, to be held by him and his heirs, and the eldest
+sons of the heirs of the King's of England. Richard II. occasionally
+resided at Berkhampstead castle. Since that period, the castle and
+honour of Berkhampstead have descended from the crown, to the successive
+Princes of Wales, as heirs apparent to the throne, and possessors of the
+Dukedom of Cornwall, under the grant of Edward III. The castle was
+situated on the east side of the town; and, though the buildings are now
+reduced to a few massive fragments of wall, the remains are still
+sufficient to evince the ancient strength and importance of this
+fortress. The ramparts are very bold, and the ditches still wide and
+deep, particularly on the north and east sides, though partly filled up
+by the lapse of centuries. The keep was a circular tower, occupying the
+summit of a high and steep artificial mount, moated round. Large trees
+are now growing on the sides of the mount, as well as on many parts of
+the outward rampart, and declivities of the ditches: other parts are
+covered with underwood, in many places so thick as to be impassable. The
+inner court is now an orchard; the outer court is cultivated as a farm;
+and a small cottage, with a few out-buildings, now occupies a portion of
+the ground once occupied by Princes and Sovereigns. Near the rampart, on
+the west side, flows the little river Bulbourne. The church, dedicated
+to St. Peter, is built in the form of a cross, with a tower rising from
+the intersection towards the west end, and having a projecting staircase
+at the south-east angle, terminated by a turret at the summit. The tower
+is supported on strong pointed arches, and was originally open, but is
+now closed from the church by the belfry floor. On the outside of the
+tower, next the street, is a sculpture of an angel supporting a shield,
+impaled with the arms of England and France quarterly. The same arms are
+painted on glass in the window of a small chapel within the church.
+Various chapels and chantries were founded here in the Catholic times,
+and are still partially divided from the body of the church. The
+sepulchral memorials are numerous. Between two columns of the nave,
+surrounded by pews, is an ancient tomb of rich workmanship, having on
+the top, full-length effigies of a Knight and his Lady, both recumbent.
+The Knight is represented in armour, with his hands raised in the
+attitude of prayer across his breast: his head rests on a helmet, having
+a human head, with a long beard, at the upper end; his feet are
+supported on a lion: he has on a hood and gorget of mail; and, on the
+sash, which crosses his body and shoulder, is a rose: opposite to this,
+on his breast-plate, is a dove. The figure of the lady is greatly
+mutilated; her hands and head are broken off; the latter rests on a
+cushion, and is covered with net-work; she is arrayed in a close dress,
+and has a rose on each shoulder. No inscription is remaining on this
+tomb to designate the persons to whose memory it was erected. Torynton
+is supposed to have been the founder of the church; a man in special
+favour with Edmond Plantagenet, Duke of Cornwall. In Sayer's chancel is
+an altar-tomb of alabaster and black marble, in the memory of John
+Sayer, Esq., who was chief cook to Charles II. when in exile, and
+founder of the alms-house for poor widows in this town. A large and
+strong building of brick, erected as a free-school in the reign of Henry
+VIII., and endowed with the lands of the guild or brotherhood of St.
+John the Baptiste, (an ancient foundation in this town,) stands at the
+bottom of the churchyard. In the next reign the school was made a royal
+foundation, and incorporated. The master is appointed by the crown, and
+has apartments at one end of the free school; the school-room occupies
+the centre; and the other end is inhabited by the chaplain and usher.
+Here is also a charity-school, supported by voluntary contributions, &c.
+Numerous donations for charitable purposes have been made to this
+parish, the principal of which was a bequest of L1,000., made by John
+Sayer, Esq., in July, 1681, for the building and endowment of an alms
+house: this was erected after his decease by his relict, who placed in
+it six poor widows, and increased the original endowment by the gift of
+L300. Each widow has a small allowance weekly, and a cloth gown worth
+20s. once in two years. In the 14th of Edward III., two representatives
+were sent from this borough; but this was the only return ever made,
+except to the great council held at Westminster, in the 11th of the same
+King. Berkhampstead had a charter of incorporation granted by James I.,
+but it scarcely survived the reign of his son. An attempt was made to
+revive the charter, a year or two after the restoration, but it did not
+succeed. The honour of Berkhampstead formerly included upwards of
+fifty-five lordships and manors, in the three counties of Herts,
+Northampton, and Buckingham. Berkhampstead-place is situated on a
+pleasant eminence adjoining the town. Great part of the structure was
+erected by the Careys, having been burnt down in the time of the Lord
+Treasurer Weston, who then resided in it: the remainder was afterwards
+repaired, and with some additions, forms the present dwelling. King
+James's children were mostly nursed in this house. The life of Cowper,
+the poet, who was born here, will be given at Olney, on account of the
+length of the present article.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, Shrove-Monday, Whit-Monday, for cattle;
+   Aug. 5, cheese; September 29, Oct. 11, statute.--_Mail_ arrives 11.30
+   night; departs 3.30 morning.--_Inn_, Kings Arms.
+
+[Sidenote: Description.]
+
+[Sidenote: Its ancient castle.]
+
+[Sidenote: The seat of Kings and Nobles.]
+
+[Sidenote: Now in ruins.]
+
+[Sidenote: The church.]
+
+[Sidenote: Free school.]
+
+[Sidenote: Contained fifty-five lordships.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. | Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+     4|Berkshire[A]  co|          |            |            |
+    29|Berling       to|Northumb. |Alnwick    7|Felton     7|
+    35|Bermersley    to|Stafford  |Newcastle  6|Leek       7|
+   +--+----------------+----------+------------+------------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+     4|Berkshire[A]  co|                       |     |145289|
+    29|Berling       to|Widrington            7|  306|      |
+    35|Bermersley    to|Cheadle              11|  156|   244|
+   +--+----------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BERKSHIRE. This county was originally inhabited by three tribes or
+nations, termed by the Romans Attrebates, Bibroces, and Segontiaci. The
+first occupied part of the west, the south-west and north-west parts.
+The second the south-east parts; and the third a portion of the north
+parts. Under the Romans, this county formed part of the first division
+called Britannia Prima. During the Heptarchy it belonged to the West
+Saxons. It was once called Berrocshire, from the name of a hill covered
+with box, which at one time occupied a large portion of it. It is an
+inland county, bounded on the north by the Thames, which divides it from
+Oxfordshire on the west, and Bucks on the east; and by part of Surrey;
+on the north by Surrey and Hampshire; and on the west by Wilts and a
+small part of Gloucestershire. It is so very irregular in its shape as
+not to admit of any adequate description. Its greatest length is about
+forty-eight miles, and its utmost breadth from north to south about
+twenty-five. In one of the narrowest parts, by Reading, it is about six
+or seven miles, and less still at the eastern extremity. It contains
+about 464,500 acres, and is about 140 miles in circumference; it is in
+the province of Canterbury, and the diocese of Salisbury; (the parish of
+Chilton, which is in the diocese of Oxford, and Langford, which is in
+that of Lincoln, excepted;) subject to an archdeacon, and is divided
+into six deaneries. It is included in the Oxford circuit. There are 20
+hundreds, 12 market towns, 148 parishes (of which 67 are vicarages,) and
+671 villages. The natural divisions of the county are four, 1. The Vale,
+beginning at Budcot, and ending at Streatley. 2. The Chalky Hills,
+running nearly through the centre of the lower part of the county. 3.
+The Vale of the Kennet, extending diagonally from Hungerford to near
+Wargrave. 4. The Forest Division, commencing on the east to Loddon, and
+occupying nearly the entire breadth of this part of the county to Old
+Windsor, and from Sandhurst south to Maidenhead north. The air is deemed
+peculiarly salubrious, particularly on the chalky and gravelly soils,
+which are the most common throughout the county; but the uneven face of
+the country causes some slight degree of variation in this particular,
+though every part is considered healthful and good. The soil is as
+various (though perhaps more mixed) as in the last described county. The
+Vale of White Horse consists generally of a rich strong loam and gravel,
+with some sand and stone brasp, producing corn, wheat, beans, &c. In the
+Chalk Hill district, light black earth on chalk prevails, with flint,
+chalk, gravel, and loam. Here numerous sheep are fed; it produces,
+towards the south and east, turnips, barley; and, when properly manured,
+Lammas wheat and artificial grasses. The Vale of Kennet, is generally
+peat land, with gravel, loam and clay, though in the south east parts a
+poor stony and heathy soil. The Forest District, gravel, clay, and loam,
+except on the south, which is poor and heathy. The principal rivers and
+streams are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the Lambourn, the Ock,
+the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater. All these, with perhaps the
+exception of the Aubourn, the Emme, and the Broadwater, abound with
+almost every kind of fresh water fish. Besides these rivers and streams,
+there are the Ginge Brook, the Moreton Brook, and other rivulets, &c.;
+also some other natural and artificial lakes and ponds. Water, however,
+is generally scarce on the Berkshire downs, and along the whole of the
+chalky stratum. The navigable rivers are the Thames and the Kennet. The
+navigable canals are the Kennet and Avon canal, which joins the river
+Kennet a little above Newbury; the entire length from Newbury to Bath is
+sixty miles--it has been navigable since the year 1798; and the Wilts
+and Berks canal, opened on September 21, 1810, into the Thames at
+Abingdon; from near Bath to Abingdon, about fifty-one and three-quarter
+miles. Mineral waters are by no means common in this county. The natural
+productions of this county, except those which may be considered partly
+agricultural, are neither plentiful or important. There are no minerals
+nor fossils of any great consequence. The strata of sand with
+oyster-shells, and particularly a thick stratum of chalk, is found near
+Reading. The surface of the soil, however, amply compensates for the
+apparent barrenness of the internal parts; and the produce of fat
+cattle, sheep, swine, and grain, is immense; as is also that of fine
+timber, especially oak and beech. Abingdon gives the title of Earl to
+the Bertie family--Coleshill, that of Baron to the Pleydell-Bouverie
+family--Foxley, that of Baron to the Townshend family--Hungerford, that
+of Baron to the Rawdon-Hastings family--Mortimer, the title of Earl to
+the Harley family--Newbury, that of Baron to the Cholmondely
+family--Uffingham, that of Viscount to the Craven family--and Windsor,
+the title of Baron to the Windsor-Hickman family; and Earl, to the
+Stuarts. It has been calculated, that, including houses, mills, and
+other productive revenue arising from or attached to the soil, the
+landed property cannot amount to less than L500,000 per annum, and that
+the largest possessor may have about L8000. The largest possessor, being
+a peer, is the Earl of Craven. The Craven, Englefield, Eyston, Read,
+Southby, Seymour, and Clarke families are among the few ancient families
+who still inherit the same estates, and occupy the same seats, or are
+immediately connected with the county, as their ancestors. Among the
+representatives of some very old families, or in the female line, may be
+ranked the Berties, the Nevilles, the Pleydells, the Puseys, the
+Throckmortons, the Lovedens, the Nelsons, and the Blagraves. The King is
+purposely omitted in this brief list:--his possessions as a landed
+proprietor being well known. Agriculture so much engrosses the attention
+of the people of Berkshire, that very little trade, unconnected with
+these pursuits is carried on. There are, however, some manufactories of
+sail-cloth, kerseys, canvass, and malt; and there are also several
+pretty large breweries in various parts of the county: the Windsor ale
+having acquired considerable celebrity; and at the Temple mills, near
+Bisham, there is a copper manufacture, and a manufacture of potash at
+Milton.
+
+[Sidenote: Its ancient division into three nations.]
+
+[Sidenote: Air, soil, and rivers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Natural productions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient and noble families.]
+
+   Map|Names of Places.|  County. | Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+     7|Bermondsey[A] pa|Surrey    |Bank of Eng. 1|Westm. Ab.  2|
+     9|Berrier       to|Cumberland|Penrith      8|Keswick    10|
+    36|Berriew         |Montgomery|Welch Pool   5|Newtown     9|
+     5|Berrington   ham|Gloucester|Stow         7|Moreton     8|
+    33|Berrington    pa|Salop     |Shrewsbury   5|Wellington 10|
+    42|Berrington    to|Worcester |Tenbury      3|Leominster  8|
+    34|Berrow        pa|Somerset  |Axbridge     9|Weston      8|
+    42|Berrow        pa|Worcester |Upton        5|Malvern     6|
+    ?1|Berry Narbor  pa|Devon     |Ilfracombe   3|Barnstaple  8|
+   +--+----------------+----------+--------------+-------------+
+                                                 |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+     7|Bermondsey[A] pa|Rotherhithe             1|    1|  29741|
+     9|Berrier       to|Carlisle               20|  291|    113|
+    36|Berriew         |Montgomery              4|  172|   2429|
+     5|Berrington   ham|Evesham                 8|   94|    129|
+    33|Berrington    pa|Act. Burnell           10|  152|    684|
+    42|Berrington    to|Ludlow                  7|  133|    165|
+    34|Berrow        pa|Bridgewater            12|  139|    496|
+    42|Berrow        pa|Tewkesbury              7|  110|    507|
+    ?1|Berry Narbor  pa|C. Martin               3|  201|    794|
+   +--+----------------+-------------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BERMONDSEY stretches along the banks of the Thames, from Southwark
+to Deptford, and Rotherhithe eastward, and is much inhabited by
+woolstaplers, fellmongers, curriers, parchment-makers, and other
+manufacturers, with such craftsmen as are connected with the
+construction and management of shipping. A priory for monks was founded
+here in 1082, by Aylwin Child, a citizen of London, and endowed by the
+second William with his manor of Bermondsey. In 1399, it was made an
+abbey, and at the dissolution, it was granted to Sir Thomas Pope, who
+built on its site a large house, which afterwards became the property
+and residence of the Earls of Sussex. Another part of the site is called
+the Abbey House. Catherine, the Queen of Henry V., and Elizabeth, Queen
+of Edward IV. retired to this place, where they died, the former in
+1436; the latter soon after the forfeiture of her lands, by an order of
+the Council, in 1486. The church was erected in 1680, of brick, with a
+low square tower and turret, and consists of a chancel, nave, two
+aisles, and a transept. A free school was founded here by Mr. Josiah
+Bacon, and endowed with a revenue of L150. for the instruction of not
+more than sixty, or fewer than forty boys. A charity-school was also
+established, by contributions, in 1755, for the education of fifty boys
+and thirty girls, and was afterwards endowed by Mr. Nathaniel Smith,
+with a revenue of L40. per annum. The Bermondsey Spa was discovered in
+1770, and, by means of the attractive entertainments contrived by the
+proprietor, became a place of general resort; but soon after his death
+the gardens were closed, and the area is now built upon. This suburban
+parish long retained a very antique air from the age of several of its
+streets and houses, many of which were built of wood. But the spirit of
+improvement has gradually amended its appearance: an act of parliament
+was passed in the year 1823, for watching, paving, cleansing, and
+lighting the parish. A new church has been erected here for the
+convenience of the parishioners, at a moderate distance from the mother
+church; it is, however, subordinate to the original rectory.
+
+[Sidenote: Royal residence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Church and schools.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.| Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+----------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+
+    52|Bersham Drelincourt to|Denbigh |Holt        6|Llangollen 12|
+    38|Bersted, South      pa|Sussex  |Chichester  5|Arundel     9|
+    38|Berwick             pa|Sussex  |Lewes       8|Seaford     4|
+    33|Berwick,  Gt. & L. ham|Salop   |Shrewsbury  2|Wem        10|
+    29|Berwick Hill        to|Northumb|Newcastle  10|Corbridge  13|
+    41|Berwick, St. James  pa|Wilts   |Amesbury    6|Wilton      6|
+    41|Berwick, St. John   pa|Wilts   |Shaftesbury 5|Hindon      7|
+    41|Berwick, St. Leonard p|Wilts   |Hindon      1|Amesbury   16|
+    31|Berwick-Prior      lib|Oxford  |Wallingford 5|Watlington  5|
+    31|Berwick-Salome      pa|Oxford  | ...        4| ...        5|
+   +--+----------------------+--------+------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+    11|Berry Pomeroy[A]    pa|Brixham             7|  197|    1186|
+    52|Bersham Drelincourt to|Mold               14|  179|    1240|
+    38|Bersted, South      pa|Lt. Hampton         9|   67|    2190|
+    38|Berwick             pa|Hailsham            6|   58|     203|
+    33|Berwick,  Gt. & L. ham|Albrighton          3|  155|        |
+    29|Berwick Hill        to|Morpeth            10|  284|     105|
+    41|Berwick, St. James  pa|Salisbury           9|   83|     232|
+    41|Berwick, St. John   pa|Wilton             12|   97|     425|
+    41|Berwick, St. Leonard p|Warminster         10|   93|      51|
+    31|Berwick-Prior      lib|Dorchester          4|   49|        |
+    31|Berwick-Salome      pa| ...                4|   49|     134|
+   +--+----------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BERRY POMEROY. This place, situated in the hundred of Hayter,
+derives its name from the Pomeroys, a very considerable family in these
+parts. Ralph de Pomeroy, who came to England with William the Norman,
+and for his services was rewarded with fifty-eight lordships in this
+county, built a castle here, the magnificent ruins of which, seated on a
+rocky eminence, rising over a pellucid brook, now form, in combination
+with the other features of the scenery, one of the most delightful views
+in Devonshire. The approach to the castle, observes Dr. Matton, in his
+Observations on the Western Counties, "is through a thick wood,
+extending along the slope of a range of hills that entirely intercept
+any prospect to the south: on the opposite side is a steep rocky ridge,
+covered with oak, so that the ruins are shut into a beautiful valley.
+The great gate, with the walls of the south front, the north wing of the
+court, or quadrangle, some apartments on the west side, and a turret or
+two, are the principal remains of the building; and these are so finely
+overhung with the branches of trees and shrubs which grow close to the
+walls, so beautifully mantled with ivy, and so richly incrusted with
+moss, that they constitute the most picturesque objects that can be
+imagined; and when the surrounding scenery is taken into the account,
+the noble mass of wood fronting the gate, the bold ridges rising in the
+horizon, and the fertile valley opening to the east, the ruins of Berry
+Pomeroy Castle must be considered as almost unparalleled in their
+effect." The posterity of Ralph de Pomeroy resided here till the reign
+of Edward VI., when Sir Thomas Pomeroy sold the manor to Edward Seymour,
+Duke of Somerset, from whom it has descended to the present Duke of
+Somerset. Berry Pomeroy Castle, whose venerable ruins we have just
+mentioned, appears to have been originally quadrangular, and to have had
+but one entrance, which was on the south side, between two hexagonal
+towers, through a double gateway; the first of which was machiolated,
+and strengthened by angular bastions, and having over it the Pomeroy
+arms, still visible. A small room over the gateway was probably the
+chapel: it is divided by a wall, supported by pillars and arches. From
+the eastern tower is a fine view of the surrounding country. The ruins
+in the interior part, or quadrangle, are considerably more modern than
+the rest of the building. These appear to have belonged to a
+"magnificent structure," commenced, says Prince, in his Worthies of
+Devonshire, by the Seymours, at an expense of L20,000, but "never
+brought to perfection: for the west side of the mansion was never begun:
+what was finished may be thus described. Before the door of the Great
+Hall was a noble walk whose length was the breadth of the court, arched
+over with curiously carved free-stone, supported in the fore part by
+several stately pillars of the same stone, of great dimensions, after
+the Corinthian order, standing on pedestals, having cornices and freezes
+finely wrought. The apartments within were very splendid, especially the
+dining-room; and many other of the rooms were well adorned with
+mouldings and fret-work; some of whose marble clavils were so delicately
+fine, that they would reflect an object true and lively from a great
+distance. Notwithstanding which it is now demolished, and all this glory
+lyeth in the dust, buried in its own ruins; there being nothing standing
+but a few broken walls, which seem to mourn their own approaching
+funerals." The walls are formed of slate, and appear to be rapidly
+decaying. The grounds round the castle consist of steep eminences,
+covered with oak and other trees. Even in the court, and remains of the
+fortress itself, trees of nearly a century's growth are flourishing in
+luxuriance, and compose, with the shrubs thickly scattered within the
+area, a scene highly beautiful. In the wars between Charles I. and the
+Parliament this castle was dismantled. Berry Pomeroy Church, which was
+built by one of the Pomeroy family, contains a splendid alabaster
+monument to the memory of Lord Edward Seymour, Knt. son to the Duke of
+Somerset; Edward Seymour, Bart. and his Lady, the daughter of Sir Arthur
+Champernoune. The two first are represented in armour; the knight having
+a truncheon in his hand, and lying cross-legged. The lady is in a black
+dress, with the figure of a child, in a cradle, at her head, and at her
+feet another in a chair: below are nine figures kneeling, with books
+open before them. This monument was repaired by the late Duke of
+Somerset, the eighth lineal descendant of the Duke of Somerset the
+Protector.
+
+[Sidenote: Castle in ruins.]
+
+[Sidenote: Former state of the castle.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.    | County.   |Number of Miles From  |
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+----------+
+    29|Berwick-upon-T[A] m.t.|Northumb |Coldstream 13|Dunbar  30|
+    33|Besford             to|Salop    |Shawbury    3|Weston   3|
+    42|Besford             pa|Worcester|Pershore    3|Upton    5|
+   +--+----------------------+---------+-------------+----------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.    |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+----+
+    29|Berwick-upon-T[A] m.t.|Edinburgh            58|  337|8920|
+    33|Besford             to|Wem                   5|  158| 158|
+    42|Besford             pa|Worcester            10|  109| 146|
+   +--+----------------------+-----------------------+-----+----+
+
+
+[A] BERWICK. The town is situated N. by W. from Newcastle. King Edgar
+gave it, with Coldingham, to the church of Durham; but it was afterwards
+forfeited by Bishop Flambard. It had a church in the reign of Alexander,
+and, in David's time constituted one of the four boroughs where courts
+of trade were wont to be held. In 1173, it was reduced to ashes; and in
+the following year, Earl Duncan marched to the place, and butchered its
+defenceless inhabitants. Henry II. having obtained the castle as a
+pledge for King William, strengthened its fortifications. It was
+restored, however, in the following reign. King John made dreadful
+ravages in the town and neighbourhood. A convention was held here by
+Edward I., in 1291, to arbitrate the claims to the crown of Scotland,
+which were at length determined in favour of his creature, Baliol. This
+prince having shortly afterwards thrown off his allegiance, Berwick
+became exposed to the fury of Edward's resentment. In 1296, the English
+king fortified it with a wall and a fosse, and in the same year received
+the homage of the Scotch nobility here In 1297, the town was taken by
+Sir William Wallace; but the castle held out, and after a long assault,
+was relieved. Wallace about eight years after this was betrayed, and
+half of his body exposed upon Berwick-bridge. The Countess of Buchan,
+for crowning Robert Bruce, at Scone, was shut up here in a wooden cage,
+six years, and then released. Edward II. and his queen wintered at
+Berwick in 1310. He assembled his army here before the battle of
+Bannockburn. Peter Spalding betrayed this place into the hands of Robert
+Bruce in 1318: many attempts were made to recover it, which was not
+effected till the day after the battle of Hallidon-hill, in 1333. Edward
+III. was here in 1335, with a great army in 1340, and the year after, at
+Easter, held a tournament; but during his absence in France, in November
+1353, the Scots surprized and took the town. The castle, under the
+renowned Sir John Copeland, held out till Edward, in February following,
+arrived with a great army, and forced the Scotch to capitulate. Seven
+Scotchmen, in 1377, surprised the castle, and held it eight days against
+7,000 archers, and 3,000 cavalry. The deputy-governor, under the Earl of
+Northumberland, betrayed it into the enemy's hands in 1384; but the earl
+soon after recovered it. Through the solicitation of his uncle the Earl
+of Worcester, engaging in the rebellion against Henry IV., in 1406, he
+employed this fortress against the king; but a cannon-shot, the first
+that was ever fired in England, so alarmed the garrison, that it,
+immediately surrendered. According to Walsingham and Speed, this shot
+was of a large size, and demolished great part of a tower. In 1811, a
+ball of cast iron, weighing ninety-six pounds, answering to this
+account, was found in a part of the ruins of the castle. It had
+penetrated the wall about three yards, at a place where it was flanked
+with a tower. An unsuccessful attempt was made to reduce it in 1422; but
+after the battle of Towton, in 1461, it was again in the hands of the
+Scots, who strengthened its walls, and held it till 1482, when it
+finally came into possession of the English. "From that time," observes
+Camden, "the kings of England have continually added works to it,
+particularly Queen Elizabeth, who, lately to the terror of the enemy,
+and security of the towns-people, contracted the circuit of the walls,
+drawing within the old ones a very high wall, well built of strong
+stone, surrounded by a deep ditch, a regular rampart, redoubt,
+counterscarps, and covered ways, so that the form and strength of the
+fortifications are sufficient to discourage all hopes of carrying it by
+assault, not to mention the bravery of the garrison, and the stores in
+the place, which exceed belief." Between the years 1761 and 1770 the
+walls were almost entirely rebuilt in many parts, and finished in 1786.
+The governor of Berwick has a salary of L586. 7s. 1d. The barracks
+measure 217 by 121; and contain twenty-four rooms for officers, and
+seventy-two rooms adapted to hold 567 privates. The church of Berwick, a
+peculiar of the dean and chapter of Durham, stands on the north side of
+the parade. It was rebuilt between 1642 and 1652, at the cost of L1400.
+It has no steeple. It consists of three aisles, and several galleries,
+all handsomely pewed. The Worshipful Mercers' Company, in London,
+founded a lectureship here. David I., King of Scotland, founded here a
+convent for Cistertian Nuns; and Robert III, granted its revenues to
+Dryburgh Abbey. The convent of Carmelites originated with Sir John Grey,
+in 1270. The Scotch King, in 1239, brought hither a convent of
+Dominicans, which Edward III. removed. The Trinitarians had a house
+here, as had the Franciscans; and between the sea and the town, in
+Maudlin-field, stood the hospital and free chapel of St. Mary Magdalen,
+which had an hospital or hermitage belonging to it at Segeden.--Queen
+Elizabeth founded a free school here; and a charity-school was rebuilt
+in 1725, in which twenty boys and six girls are clothed and educated.
+Berwick bridge was swept away by a flood in 1199. It was rebuilt of
+wood, of which it consisted, till the time of James I., who commenced
+the present elegant structure of stone. It has fifteen arches; its
+length being 1164 feet, and its breadth seventeen. It was twenty-four
+years, four months, and four days in building, and cost government
+L14,960 1s. 6d. The Town Hall was built in 1754. On its ground-floor, on
+the east-side, is a piazza, called the Exchange; and opposite it are
+cells for criminals, and shops. The second floor consists of two
+spacious halls. The outer hall, for holding courts and guilds, measures,
+sixty feet by thirty-one. The inner hall forty-seven feet long and
+twenty-three feet broad, is occasionally occupied for public
+entertainments. The upper story is the common gaol of the town. The
+turret, 150 feet high, contains eight musical bells. The first charter
+of the corporation was granted by Edward I. The corporation were first
+summoned to send members to parliament in the latter end of the reign of
+Edward IV. The last charter of this town was granted by James I. The
+corporation now consists of a mayor, recorder, town clerk, four
+bailiffs, a coroner, four serjeants at mace, and a water-bailiff. The
+mayor is also escheator in the borough, clerk of the market, and a
+justice of the peace; the other justices of the town being the recorder
+and such resident burgesses as have sustained the office of mayor. They
+are lords of the manor of Tweedmouth, where they hold a court-leet and
+court-baron twice a year. Their annual revenues arising from duties
+taken at the quay and gates, are estimated at L7000. Besides the trade
+in salmon, great quantities of corn and eggs are exported here for
+London. One morning in the month of October, 1814, there were upwards of
+10,000 salmon, in Berwick market, caught in the Tweed, some of which
+might have been bought at 2s. each. At the same time, the finest
+herrings (of which an immense shoal was on the coast) were sold for 2s.
+the hundred of six score. On the same day the best salmon was sold in
+Newcastle market at 6d. per pound, and some of the inferior kind as low
+as 4d. The port has about sixty or seventy vessels. The harbour abounds
+with low dangerous rocks. At its mouth a noble pier has recently been
+constructed on the site of an old one, built by Queen Elizabeth. Berwick
+Castle, once a place of high importance, is now almost levelled with the
+ground. About 400 yards north of it, is a pentagonal tower, called the
+Bell Tower, having its name from containing a bell, which was rung on
+any occasion of alarm.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Friday in Trinity Week,
+   for black cattle, sheep, and horses.--_Mail_ arrives 9.49 morning;
+   departs 2.1 afternoon.--_Bankers_, Commercial Banking Company; draw
+   on Jones, Lloyd, and Co.; Batson and Co.: draw on Glynn and
+   Co.--_Inns_, King's Arms, and Red Lion.
+
+[Sidenote: The disputed town.]
+
+[Sidenote: Countess of Buchan shut up in a cage six years.]
+
+[Sidenote: The first cannon-ball used in England.]
+
+[Sidenote: The church and convents.]
+
+[Sidenote: The bridge 24 years in building.]
+
+[Sidenote: Municipal officers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Salmon and herring fisheries.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places. |  County. |Number of Miles From         |
+   +--+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+     4|Besselsleigh[A] pa|Berks     |Abingdon     5|Oxford       6|
+    43|Bessingby       pa|E.R. York |Bridlington  2|Carnaby      1|
+    27|Bessingham      pa|Norfolk   |Cromer       6|Holt         6|
+    27|Besthorpe       pa|Norfolk   |Attleborough 1|Buckenham    4|
+    30|Besthorp        to|Nottingham|Newark       8|Tuxford      8|
+    22|Beswick         to|Lancaster |Stockport    7|Bury         9|
+    46|Beswick       chap|E.R. York |Beverly      7|Gt Driffield 7|
+    37|Betchworth      pa|Surrey    |Reigate      3|Dorking      3|
+    21|Bethersden      pa|Kent      |Ashford      6|Tenterden    7|
+   +--+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+
+                                                   |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places. | Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+     4|Besselsleigh[A] pa|Farringdon             14|   60|     124|
+    43|Bessingby       pa|Hornsea                12|  238|      83|
+    27|Bessingham      pa|Aylesham                8|  116|     137|
+    27|Besthorpe       pa|Wymondham               6|   95|     542|
+    30|Besthorp        to|Saxilby                 9|  132|     322|
+    22|Beswick         to|Bolton                 12|  183|     248|
+    46|Beswick       chap|Hornsea                13|  190|     205|
+    37|Betchworth      pa|Leatherhead             7|   26|    1100|
+    21|Bethersden      pa|Smarden                 4|   54|     973|
+   +--+------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BESSELSLEIGH, is a small village, in the hundred of Hormer. The
+manor formerly belonged to the family of Legh, from which it passed, by
+a female heir, to that of Besils, or Blesells, which flourished there
+for several centuries. "At this Legh," says Leland, "be very fayre
+pastures and woodes. The Blesells hathe bene lords of it syns the tyme
+of Edwarde the First, or afore, and ther they dyd enhabite. The place is
+all of stone, and stondithe at the west end of the paroche churche. The
+Blesells cam out of Provence in Fraunce, and were men of activitye in
+feates of armes, as it appearith in monuments at Legh, how he faught in
+Listes with a strange knighte that chalengyd hym, at the whiche deade
+the Kynge and Quene at that tyme of England, were present. The Blesells
+were countyd to have pocessyons of 400 marks by the yere." In the year
+1516, the estates of the Blesells were carried, by the marriage of an
+heiress, to the Fettiplaces, a respectable Berkshire family, one of whom
+Besil Fettiplace, Esq., was High Sheriff in the 26th of Queen Elizabeth.
+The manor of Besselsleigh was purchased of the Fettiplaces, by William
+Lenthall, Esq., Speaker of the Long Parliament, whose descendants now
+reside at Burford, in Oxfordshire.
+
+[Sidenote: The Blessell's family.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.   |  County. | Number of Miles From        |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+    25|Bethnal Green[A]   pa|Middlesex |Popular     2|Stratford     2|
+    35|Betley             pa|Stafford  |Newcastle   7|Nantwich      8|
+    12|Bettescombe        pa|Dorset    |Lyme Regis  6|Axminster     5|
+    53|Bettesfield          |Flint     |Whitchurch  6|Ellesmere     6|
+    21|Betteshanger       pa|Kent      |Sandwich    4|Deal          4|
+    33|Betton            ham|Salop     |Drayton     2|Adderley      4|
+    33|Betton            ham|Salop     |Shrewsbury  3|Ch. Stretton 11|
+    33|Bettws             pa|Salop     |Knighton    7|Bis. Castle  11|
+    49|Bettws             pa|Carmarthen|Llandillo   7|Camarthen    18|
+    52|Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B]  pa|Denbigh   |Abergeley   4|Aberconway    9|
+    54|Bettws             pa|Glamorgan |Bridgend    5|Pyle          5|
+    55|Bettws             to|Merioneth |Bala        2|Corwen       11|
+    26|Bettws             pa|Monmouth  |Newport     3|Careleon      4|
+    26|Bettws            ham|Monmouth  |Abergavenny 5|Lanthony      7|
+    56|Bettws             pa|Montgomery|Newtown     4|Montgomery    7|
+    51|Bettws Bleddrws[C] pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter    2|Tregaron      9|
+    58|Bettws Clyro       pa|Radnor    |Hay         4|Kington       8|
+    58|Bettws Diserth     pa|Radnor    |New Radnor  8|Builth        6|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+
+                                                     |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.   | Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+    25|Bethnal Green[A]   pa|Clapton                3|    1|    62018|
+    35|Betley             pa|Keel                   5|  157|      870|
+    12|Bettescombe        pa|Charmouth              5|  146|       65|
+    53|Bettesfield          |Oswestry              14|  173|      359|
+    21|Betteshanger       pa|Wingham                5|   67|       20|
+    33|Betton            ham|Woore                  6|  155|         |
+    33|Betton            ham|Wenlock               11|  159|         |
+    33|Bettws             pa|Ludlow                22|  164|      389|
+    49|Bettws             pa|Neath                 13|  211|      830|
+    52|Bettws-Yn-Rhos[B]  pa|Denbigh               11|  214|      912|
+    54|Bettws             pa|Neath                 13|  186|      362|
+    55|Bettws             to|Llandrillo             7|  195|         |
+    26|Bettws             pa|Pontypool              7|  151|       95|
+    26|Bettws            ham|Crickhowel             8|  151|         |
+    56|Bettws             pa|Llanfair               7|  175|         |
+    51|Bettws Bleddrws[C] pa|Llandovery            20|  211|      235|
+    58|Bettws Clyro       pa|Glasbury               7|  160|         |
+    58|Bettws Diserth     pa|Rhayader              15|  173|      141|
+   +--+---------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
+
+
+[A] BETHNAL GREEN. There is a curious legend relating to this place, of
+which Henry de Mountfort, son of the ambitious Earl of Liecester, who
+was slain with his father at the memorable battle of Evesham, is the
+hero. He is supposed to have been discovered among the bodies of the
+dying and the dead (by a young lady) in an almost lifeless state, and
+deprived of his sight by a wound which he had received during the
+engagement. Under the fostering hand of this "faire damosel" he soon
+recovered, and afterwards marrying her, she became the mother of the
+celebrated "Besse," the heroine of the popular ballad of the beggar's
+daughter of Bethnal-green, written in the reign of Elizabeth. Fearing
+least his rank and title should be discovered by his enemies, he is said
+to have disguised himself as a beggar, and taken up his residence at
+Bethnal-green. The beauty of the daughter attracted many suitors, and
+she was at length married to a noble knight, who, regardless of her
+supposed meanness and poverty, had the courage to make her his wife: her
+other lovers having deserted her on account of her low origin. At
+Bethnal-green is an old mansion, which the inhabitants, with their usual
+love of traditionary lore, assign as the palace of the blind beggar. The
+tradition, though with very little grounds for its foundation, is still
+preserved on the sign posts of several public houses in the
+neighbourhood. On the 19th September, 1826, the parish officers of
+Bethnal-green waited on the Secretary of State for the Home Department,
+and stated that a lawless gang, of 500 or more, thieves infested that
+neighbourhood and committed the most dreadful outrages nightly, upwards
+of fifty persons having been robbed and beaten in the course of a week;
+the secretary ordered forty men mounted, to patrole the parish, and aid
+the local authorities in bringing the offenders to justice. The hospital
+called the Trinity House, founded in the year 1695, for twenty-eight
+ancient seamen, who have been masters of ships, and their widows, is in
+this parish. The funds arising from the ballast-offices, lighthouses,
+buoys, beacons, &c. are appropriated by parliament to this corporation.
+Each of the inmates receives 16s. a month, 20s. a year for coals, and a
+new gown every second year. Many of the streets of this parish are
+almost wholly occupied by the operative silk-weavers.
+
+[Sidenote: The blind beggar of Bethnal-green.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gang of 500 thieves, in 1826.]
+
+
+[B] BETTWS-YN-RHOS. _Fairs_, February 20, May 8, August 15, and November
+20.
+
+
+[C] BETTWS BLEDDRWS. In this neighbourhood there exists a curious custom
+relating to marriage, called a bidding, which takes place about a week
+previous to the day of ceremony. The banns are published as in England.
+A bidder goes from house to house, with a long pole and ribbons flying
+at the end of it, and standing in the middle floor in each house, he
+repeats a long lesson, with great formality. He mentions the day of the
+wedding, the place, the preparations made, &c. The following is a
+specimen:--Speech of the Bidder in 1762. "The intention of the bidder is
+this; with kindness and amity, with decency and liberality for Einion
+Owain, and Llio Elys, he invites you to come with your good will on the
+plate; bring current money; a shilling, or two, or three, or four, or
+five; with cheese and butter we invite the husband and wife, and
+children, and men-servants, from the greatest to the least. Come there
+early, you shall have victuals freely, and drink cheap, stools to sit
+on, and fish if we can catch them; but if not, hold us excuseable; and
+they will attend on you when you call in upon them in return. They set
+out from such a place to such a place." The gwahodder, or bidder, has
+eight or ten shillings for his trouble. Saturday is always fixed on as
+the day of marriage, and Friday is allotted to bring home the furniture
+of the woman, consisting generally of an oak chest, a feather bed,
+clothes, &c. The man provides a bedstead, a table, a dresser and chairs.
+The evening is moreover employed in receiving presents of money, cheese,
+and butter, at the man's house, from his friends, and at the woman's
+house from her friends. This is called purse and girdle, it is an
+ancient British custom. All these presents are set down minutely on
+paper. If demanded, they are to be repaid. On Saturday, the friends of
+the man come all on horseback, from the number of eighty to a hundred,
+and have bread and cheese, and ale at his cost, making at the same time
+their presents, or pay pwython, i.e. the presents that have been made at
+their weddings. From ten to twenty of the best mounted go to the
+intended bride's house to demand her. The woman with her friends are
+expecting the summons, but she appears very uncomplying, and much Welsh
+poetry is employed by way of argument; one party being within the house,
+the other without, abusing each other much. Several persons then deliver
+orations on horseback, with their hats off, demanding the daughter from
+the father, who were answered by persons appointed for the business. At
+length the father appears, admitting and welcoming his guests. They
+alight, walk in, take some refreshments, and proceed to church. The girl
+mounts behind her father, mother, or friend, upon the swiftest horse
+that can be procured. Her friends then pretend to run away with her,
+riding like mad folks, in any direction. During this time, the girl has
+no pillion, sitting upon the crupper, and holding by the man's coat, at
+last the horse is tired, or the bride growing impatient consents to go,
+using only some feints to get out of the road, till they arrive at the
+church. The ceremony being over, they return to the married couple's
+house, eating at free cost, but finding their own liquor. Sunday being
+come, the married pair stay at home receiving good will and pwython. On
+Monday the drink is exhausted, and the cheese, &c. is sold, frequently
+making, with the money presented, a sum of L50 to L60. On the following
+Sunday, most of the company attend the young pair to church, and the
+ceremony closes. Among the eminent natives of this neighbourhood, was
+David ap Gwylim, of Bro Ginin, whose works appeared in a large volume,
+in the year 1789. He nourished from about the year 1330 to 1370. In
+early life he enjoyed the munificent patronage of Ivor the generous, an
+ancestor of the Tredegar family. Under the influence of a passion for
+the fair Morvudd he composed 147 poems. Their loves were mutual, but her
+friends induced her to accept a wealthy connection, named Rhys Gwrgan,
+an officer of the English army, who served at the battle of Cressy,
+1346; Dab Gwilym persuaded Morvudd to escape with him, during the
+absence of her husband in France; in consequent of which he was
+imprisoned, but liberated through the influence of his friends. It is
+from the poems of this author, that the modern literary dialect has
+chiefly been formed.
+
+   _Fairs_, August 17, and September 23 and 27.
+
+[Sidenote: Curious marriage customs.]
+
+[Sidenote: A Welsh poet.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  County. |Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    50| Bettws Garmon  pa |Carnarvon|Carnarvon   5| Beddgelart 7|
+   +--+-------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. |Number of Miles From   |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    50| Bettws Garmon  pa |Llanberris            6|  230|    128|
+   +--+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.       |  County. |  Number of Miles From    |
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
+    55|Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A] pa|Merioneth |Corwen    5|Bala        11|
+    51|Bettws Jevan           pa|Cardigan  |Newcastle 7|Cardigan    10|
+    51|Bettws Lleuce          pa|Cardigan  |Lampeter  8|Tregaron     6|
+    26|Bettws Newydd          pa|Monmouth  |Usk       4|Abergavenny  7|
+    50|Bettws-Y-Coed[B]       pa|Caernarvon|Llanrwst  5|Bangor      20|
+    30|Bevercoates            pa|Nottingham|Tuxford   3|Ollerton     5|
+    42|Beverege              isl|Worcester |Worcester 2|Droitwich    5|
+    46|Beverley[C]     m.t. & bo|E.R. York |Hull      9|Scarborough 35|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
+                                                       |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.       |Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+    55|Bettws Gwerfyl Goch[A] pa|Ruthin              12|  199|     273|
+    51|Bettws Jevan           pa|Llanarth             9|  236|     386|
+    51|Bettws Lleuce          pa|Aberystwith         16|  217|     381|
+    26|Bettws Newydd          pa|Monmouth            12|  142|     890|
+    50|Bettws-Y-Coed[B]       pa|Corwen              23|  217|     348|
+    30|Bevercoates            pa|E. Retford           7|  140|      51|
+    42|Beverege              isl|Bewdley             12|  113|        |
+    46|Beverley[C]     m.t. & bo|York                28|  183|    8302|
+   +--+-------------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
+
+
+[A] BETTWS GWERFYL.--_Fairs_, March 16, June 22, August 12, September
+16, and Dec. 12.
+
+
+[B] BETTWS-Y-COED. At this village, which contains scarcely a hundred
+houses, is the picturesque bridge of Pont-y-Pain, beneath which is a
+famous salmon leap; and the road leads into the luxuriant vale of
+Llanwrst, in the neighbourhood of which are many seats. The principal of
+these is Gwydir House, an ancient mansion of the Wynnes; and now an
+occasional residence of Lord Gwydir. Two miles northward is the village
+of Trefrew, remarkable chiefly for a saline spring, and the site of a
+royal palace, built by Llewelyn. Between two mountains, near this place
+are some capital mines, the produce of which are lead, calamine, mixed
+with iron, ochre, and pyrites. Bettws-y-Coed lies on the mail-coach road
+to Holyhead. From Cernioge Mawr, through this place to Ogwen Lake, a
+broad smooth, and well protected road has been made among the rocky
+precipices with which the mountainous country abounds. The village
+church contains an ancient but very perfect tomb of Gryffyd, grand
+nephew of Llewellyn, the last prince of Wales. This interesting monument
+is concealed rather awkwardly beneath one of the benches.
+
+   _Fairs_, May 15, and December 3.--_Mail_ arrives 6.30 afternoon;
+   departs 6.0 morning.
+
+[Sidenote: Gwydir House.]
+
+
+[C] BEVERLEY. This important market town lies at the foot of the wolds,
+it was anciently called Dierwald: the wood of the Deiri; from its
+extensive forest. Its present appellation may be a corruption of Beaver
+ley; beavers having abounded in the neighbouring river, Hull. Its origin
+and early history were totally unknown, till the beginning of the eighth
+century, when St. John of Beverley founded a church and monastery, and
+died there. This institution was several times destroyed by the Danes;
+and there is a pause in its history, till Athelstan granted to it many
+priviledges, and built a new college. Many archbishops of York were
+benefactors to the monastery, and expended large sums in beautifying the
+church. In the early part of the civil war, Charles I. had his quarters
+here; and subsequently the town was taken by the parliamentarians. It
+appears that Beverley derived its first and greatest importance from its
+connexion with the saint. In its present state, the town is extensive
+and pleasant. The entrance from Driffield, through an ancient gateway
+into a spacious street of elegant houses, is particularly beautiful. Its
+market-place also being large and commodious, is a principal ornament.
+The church of St. John, which is in excellent preservation, is a superb
+edifice, adorned at its west end with two lofty steeples. Within it is
+rich in relics of antiquity. Gisbon, describing it, says "the minster
+here is a very fair and neat structure: the roof is an arch of stone. In
+it are several monuments of the Earls of Northumberland, who have added
+a little chapel to the choir; in the windows whereof are the pictures of
+several of that family, drawn in the glass. At the upper end of the
+choir, on the right side of the altar place, stands the freedstool, made
+of one entire stone, and said to have been removed from Scotland; with a
+well of water behind it. At the upper end of the body of the church,
+next the choir, hangs an ancient tablet, with the pictures of St. John
+and king Athelstan, and this distich:
+
+   'Als free make I thee,
+   As heart can wish, or egh can see.'"
+
+Hence, adds our author, the burgesses of Beverley pay no toll or custom
+in any port or town of England. The choir is paved with marble of four
+colours. Over the altar is a magnificent wooden arch supported by eight
+fluted Corinthian pillars. The east window now contains all the painted
+glass which could be collected from the others. The screen, between the
+choir and the nave, is Gothic, and is justly esteemed a principal
+ornament of the edifice. At the lower end of the body of the church
+stands a large font of agate stone. In 1664, a vault was discovered of
+free-stone, in which was a sheet of lead, containing the relics of St.
+John, with an inscription, dated 1197, which imported that, the church
+having been destroyed by fire, the ashes had been for some time lost,
+but that at length they had been found and there deposited. They were
+contained in a small leaden box, and consisted of a few bones, six
+beads, some large nails, and three brass pins. The whole was piously
+replaced, with an appropriate inscription; and, in 1726, the spot was
+adorned with an arch of brick-work.--The church of St. Mary is also a
+large and handsome structure; and like the minster, was destroyed in
+1528, by the fall of its steeple. It contains some monuments and
+inscriptions; but none of note.--Beverley is a corporate town, and is
+governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and thirteen of the principal
+burgesses. The whole number of these last is about 1200; and many
+persons are induced to purchase their freedom, by the privileges and
+immunities which it confers: among these are extensive rights of pasture
+on four commons, near the town; and, as we have observed, liberation
+from all tolls throughout the kingdom. Besides its churches, Beverley
+has the following public edifices and charitable institutions: the
+Hallgarth, a beautiful and spacious hall, in which are held the
+sessions, and a register-office for deeds and wills; an elegant market
+cross, supported by eight columns; each one entire piece of free-stone;
+a common gaol, which was rebuilt thirty-five years since, with due
+attention to the suitable accommodation of its inmates; seven
+alms-houses with funds, for the erection of two more; a work-house,
+which cost L700; and finally, an excellent free-school, to the scholars
+of which are appropriated two fellowships at St. John's Cambridge, six
+scholarships, and three exhibitions. The trade of Beverley arises
+chiefly from the making of malt, oat-meal, and leather: formerly it was
+somewhat celebrated for clothing. The vicinity of the town, particularly
+towards the west, is rather pleasing; and commands several interesting
+prospects. At the distance of three miles, is the moated site of
+Lekingfield House, which was demolished, probably, about the end of the
+sixteenth century. The barbarous custom of baiting a bull on the day of
+the mayor being sworn into office, to the disgrace of the town, still
+continues. In the Grammar school were educated Bishops Allcock, Fisher,
+and Green; and here was painted as early as 1509, the figure of a man on
+horseback, by 'Hugh Goes.' Beverley is remarkable as being the
+birth-place of the following eminent persons, viz.: Aluridus, an ancient
+historian, who died in 1129. Dr. John Allcock, the founder of Jesus
+College, Oxford, who was the most celebrated divine, scholar, and
+architect of his time. In 1470, he was made a privy counsellor and
+embassador to the King of Castile. He was successively Bishop of
+Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, Lord High Chancellor of England, and lord
+President of Wales. In his capacity of an architect, few, if any, ever
+excelled him, and his correct judgment in this science procured him the
+appointment of Comptroller of the Royal Works. He founded the Grammar
+School of Kingston upon Hull, and built a chapel, on the south side of
+the church, where his parents were buried. The beautiful hall of the
+episcopal palace of Ely was erected from his design and at his expense.
+He very elegantly enlarged the parish church of Westbury, and built that
+sumptuous and beautiful chapel in the Presbytery of Ely Cathedral, where
+he was buried, and which remains at the present day, a monument of his
+correct judgment; but all these fall into shadow, when compared with
+that gorgeous and exquisite mass of enrichment, Henry the Seventh's
+Chapel at Westminster; of which, if he was not the immediate designer,
+he was at least the able manager and superintendant of its erection--a
+monument of pious munificence that will be endeared to every lover of
+art, when the living temple of its projector is forgotten. He died at
+his castle of Wisbeach, October 1, 1500.--John Fisher, Bishop of
+Rochester, was born here in 1459. His father was so eminent a scholar
+and divine, that Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII.,
+although unknown to him, sent for him, and appointed him her domestic
+chaplain; and to his councils posterity are mainly indebted for those
+magnificent foundations, St. John's and Christ's College at Cambridge.
+This amiable bishop, with all his virtues, could not preserve himself
+from the malignity of "the worst of England's monarchs"--Henry VIII.;
+and under the pretence of being inimical to the marriage of the king
+with Ann Bolyen, he was thrown into prison, and most barbarously
+treated; here he continued for nearly a year, and might have been left
+to die of ill treatment and old age, had it not been for the
+unseasonable mark of respect paid him by Pope Paul III., who created
+him, May 15, 1535, Cardinal Priest of St. Vitalis. Henry forbade the hat
+to be brought into England, and sent Lord Cromwell to examine the Bishop
+about the affair. "My Lord of Rochester," (says Cromwell) "what would
+you say if the Pope should send you a Cardinal's hat," upon which the
+Bishop replied, "Sir, I know myself to be so far unworthy of such
+dignity that I think of nothing less; but if any thing should happen
+assure yourself that I should improve that favour to the best advantage
+that I could, by assisting the Holy Catholic Church of Christ, and in
+that respect I would receive it upon my knees." When the answer was
+brought, the king said in a great passion, "yea! is he yet so
+lusty--well, let the Pope send him a hat when he will--mother of God! he
+shall wear it on his shoulders then, for I will leave him never a head
+to set it on." His ruin being now determined, but hardly daring to take
+his life upon such trivial grounds, the king sent that most fawning and
+contemptible creature, Sir Richard Rich, Solicitor-General, to draw from
+him something that might convict him. This wiley wretch gradually drew
+from him a private opinion concerning the king's supremacy, telling the
+Bishop at the same time, that it was a scruple of the King's conscience
+that made him ask for it. Thus entrapped he was not allowed to make a
+defence, but was tried by a bill of attainder for high treason, and
+executed on the 22d of the same month, and his head placed on London
+bridge. Thus perished this good, but ill-fated prelate, in the 77th year
+of his age, which dreadful tragedy, as Bishop Burnet observes, "Has left
+one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's proceedings."--The Rev.
+John Green was also a native of this place, he was born in 1706,
+educated at the Grammar School here, and finished his university
+education at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he became master of
+arts; he afterwards engaged himself as usher of a school at Litchfield,
+where he became acquainted with Dr. Johnson, and Mr. Garrick. In 1730,
+he was elected a fellow of St. John's College, and soon afterwards the
+Bishop procured for him the vicarage of Hingeston. In 1744, Charles,
+Duke of Somerset, and Chancellor of the University, made him his
+domestic chaplain. In June 1750, he was elected master of Bennet
+College, and in 1756, Dean of Lincoln, then Vice-chancellor of the
+University of Cambridge; and at last, through the influence of his
+patron, the Duke of Newcastle, preferred to the See of Lincoln. He was
+the friend and colleague of Archbishop Secker, who had always a just
+esteem for his virtues and abilities. After the death of Lord
+Willoughby, of Parham, in 1765, the literary meetings of the Royal
+Society used to be held in his lordship's house, as one of its most
+accomplished members. In June 1761, he exerted his problematical talents
+in two letters "On the Principles and Practice of the Methodists," which
+he addressed to the Rev. Mr. Berridge and Mr. Whitfield; and to the
+honour of this prelate be it spoken, that when the Bill for the Relief
+of the Dissenters, was brought before the House of Lords, in May 1772,
+and lost upon a division of 102 to 27, he was the only member of the
+clerical brotherhood, who voted in its favour. He died suddenly at Bath,
+April 25, 1779. This elegant scholar was one of the writers of the
+celebrated "Athenian Letters," published by the Earl of Hardwick, in
+1798, 2 vols. 4to. Beverley returns two Members to Parliament. The L10
+householders are about 507. The returning officer is the Mayor.
+
+   _Markets_, Wednesday and Saturday.--_Fairs_, Thursday before Old
+   Valentine; Holy Thursday; July 5; November 5, for horses and sheep;
+   and every alternate Wednesday for horned cattle.--_Bankers_, Machell
+   and Co.; draw on Glyn and Co.; Bower and Co., draw on Curries and
+   Co.--_Mail_ arrives 10.45 morning; departs 6.0 afternoon.--_Inn_,
+   Tiger.
+
+[Sidenote: Its origin and early history.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient superstitions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Public edifices.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dr. John Allcock born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bishop Fisher born here.]
+
+[Sidenote: His head placed on London-bridge.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places. |  County. |Number of Miles From     |
+   +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+    46|Beverley Park   to|E.R. York |Beverley    2|Hull       7|
+    15|Beverstone      pa|Gloucester|Tetbury     3|M. Hampton 5|
+    39|Bevington      ham|Warwick   |Alcester    4|Bitford    4|
+    39|Bevington Wood ham|Warwick   | ...        4| ...       5|
+     9|Bewaldeth       to|Cumberland|Cockermouth 7|Keswick    9|
+   +--+------------------+----------+-------------+------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places. | Number of Miles From  |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+    46|Beverley Park   to|Hornsea               12|  181|      |
+    15|Beverstone      pa|Dursley                8|  102|   174|
+    39|Bevington      ham|Stratford             12|  106|      |
+    39|Bevington Wood ham| ...                  13|  107|      |
+     9|Bewaldeth       to|Wighton               10|  299|   172|
+   +--+------------------+------------------------+-----+------+
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From |
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+     9|Bewcastle[A]   pa|Cumberland|Brampton 10|Longtown 14|
+   +--+-----------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
+                                               |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-----------------+----------------------+-----+-----+
+     9|Bewcastle[A]   pa|Haltwhistle         15|  300| 1336|
+   +--+-----------------+----------------------+-----------+
+
+
+[A] BEWCASTLE is supposed to have been a Roman station, and garrisoned
+by part of the Legio Secunda Augusta, as a security to the workmen who
+were employed in erecting the famous wall, it is situated in the midst
+of a wild and unfrequented district, in the Ward of Eskdale. Some
+vestiges of ancient buildings still remain, and numerous Roman coins and
+inscriptions have been discovered here. The present name of the village
+is reported to have been derived from Bueth, who was Lord of the Manor
+at the time of the Conquest, and is said to have repaired a Roman castle
+here, and called it after his own name. The castle was of a square form,
+each front about twenty-nine yards in length: it is now in ruins: the
+south side, of which there are most remains, is nearly fourteen yards
+high. This structure was destroyed by the parliamentary forces in the
+year 1641. It seems to have been a dark gloomy fortress. Gils Bueth, the
+son of Bueth, mentioned above, was treacherously killed by Robert De
+Vallibus, at a meeting which had been held for friendly purposes. His
+possessions then fell to the crown, and were bestowed by Henry II. on
+the last Hubert de Vallibus, whose daughter conveyed them to the family
+of the Multons by marriage. The estates afterwards passed through
+several hands. Bewcastle in the fifth of Charles I. was granted to Sir
+Robert Graham, in whose family it remains. Upon one occasion the captain
+of Bewcastle is said to have made an incursion into Scotland, in which
+he was defeated and forced to fly. Watt Tinlinn, a celebrated retainer
+of the Buccleuch family, who held for his border service a small tower
+on the frontiers of Liddisdale, pursued him. Watt Tinlinn was, by
+profession, a cobbler, but by inclination and practice an archer, and
+warrior. He closely followed the fugitive through a dangerous morass:
+the captain, however, gained the firm ground; and seeing Tinlinn
+dismounted, and floundering in the bog, used these words of insult:
+"Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots: the heels _risp_, and the seams
+_rive_." "If I cannot sew," retorted Tinlinn, discharging a shaft, which
+nailed the captain's thigh to his saddle. "If I cannot sew, I can yerk."
+Bewcastle Church is a small edifice, standing on a rising ground near
+the castle, a fosse surrounding them both. In the churchyard is a
+celebrated obelisk, which has for many years attracted the attention of
+the curious. Its height is fourteen feet, two inches: its breadth, on
+the bottom of the broadest side, is one foot ten: on the top was
+originally a cross, which is supposed to have been abolished in some
+ebullition of popular enthusiasm. Various sculptured ornaments appear on
+its different sides, executed with much fancy, together with an
+illegible Roman inscription, and some human figures. On the wastes of
+Bewcastle parish, several thousands of sheep and black cattle are
+annually fed. The inhabitants of the parish live chiefly in single and
+scattered houses; their religious opinions are mostly conformable to the
+doctrines of the church of England; but about thirty years ago a meeting
+house was built for a small congregation of Presbyterians. In this
+parish, a fine is paid of four years, ancient rent, on change of the
+Lord of the Manor by death: or of the tenants either by death or
+alienation: besides various customary works and carriages; and for a
+heriot, the best beast of which the tenant may die possessed, except the
+riding-horse kept for the lord's service. Bewcastle parish has two
+schools supported by subscription, the masters of which have a salary of
+about ten pounds a year, and the privilege of a whittle-gate. The custom
+of whittle-gate was formerly much observed in this and the neighbouring
+counties: it consists in the master going to all the abodes of his
+scholars in rotation, and being supplied with victuals by the parents or
+friends.
+
+[Sidenote: Anecdote of Watt Tinlinn.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ancient fine]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|  County. |  Number of Miles From      |
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-----------+-------------+
+    42|Bewdley[A] bo. & m.t.|Worcester|Ludlow   21|Kiddermin   3|
+    44|Bewerley           to|W.R. York|Ripley    8|Boro'bridge 8|
+    29|Bewick, New        to|Northumb.|Wooler    8|Belford    10|
+    29|Bewick, Old        to|Northumb | ...      8| ...        9|
+    46|Bewholm            to|E.R. York|Beverley 12|Hornsea     5|
+    38|Bexhill            pa|Sussex   |Hastings  6|Battle      6|
+    12|Bexington, West      |Dorset   |Bridport  7|Abbotsbury  4|
+   +--+---------------------+---------+-----------+-------------+
+                                                  |Dist.|
+   Map| Names of Places.| Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+    42|Bewdley[A] bo. & m.t.|Worcester          15|  129|   3908|
+    44|Bewerley           to|Tanfield            6|  212|   1310|
+    29|Bewick, New        to|Alnwick            12|  312|    106|
+    29|Bewick, Old        to| ...               12|  313|    227|
+    46|Bewholm            to|Bridlington        13|  195|       |
+    38|Bexhill            pa|Pevensey            7|   63|   1931|
+    12|Bexington, West      |Dorchester         11|  131|       |
+   +--+---------------------+---------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BEWDLEY is seated on the Severn, in the centre of a populous
+manufacturing district; it was, in the reign of Edward I., a manor of
+the Beauchamps, and received from Edward IV. its charter of
+incorporation. Leland's description of the town, and his opinion of its
+origin, possess some beauties, and great exactness.--"The towne selfe of
+Beaudley is sett on the syde of a hill; soe comely a man cannot wish to
+see a towne better. It riseth from Severne banke by east, upon the hill,
+by west; soe that a man standing on the hill _trans pontem_ by east, may
+discerne almost every house in the towne, and at the risinge of the
+sunne from the east, the whole towne glittereth (being all of a new
+building), as it were of gould. By the distance of the parish church (at
+Ribbesford), I gather that Beaudley is a very new towne, and that of
+ould time there was but some poore hamlett, and that upon the building
+of a bridge there upon Severne, and resort of people unto it, and
+commodity of the pleasant site, men began to inhabit there; and because
+the plott of it seemed fayre to the lookers, it hath a French name,
+Beaudley." The figure of the town is that of the letter Y: the foot
+extending to the river; one of the horns, towards Ribbesford, the other
+into the forest. The bridge, viewed from the loaded wharfs, appears a
+handsome modern structure, possessing a lightness of feature, superior
+even to that of the bridge at Worcester. The church, situated at the
+junction of the three principal streets, is accounted a chapel of ease
+to the mother church of Ribbesford; and was rebuilt in its present neat,
+yet embellished style, about 1748. Here are also appropriate places of
+public worship for the numerous dissenters; several institutions for
+carrying on the useful work of education, mostly supported by voluntary
+contributions, and a number of alms-houses for the poor and aged. The
+town-hall is a handsome modern building of stone, with three arches in
+front, six square pilasters, and a pediment, surmounted by the Littelton
+arms, and a double row of arcades. The trade of Bewdley is considerable,
+and the inhabitants boast, with reason, that their trows and their crews
+are the best on the river. Among the sources of this profitable
+commerce, are numerous tan-yards; manufactures of a kind of cap, much
+worn before the introduction of felt hats, comb-making, and other works
+in horn, and a manufacture of flannel; while the town is a sort of mart
+for the wholesale grocery trade. The charter of incorporation of Bewdley
+has been subject to some extraordinary changes: the original deed,
+renewed by James I. was surrendered to Charles II., and replaced by
+another from his successor, which last, on the accession of Anne, was
+declared illegal, and became the cause of a contention, which produced a
+long and expensive law-suit, ended by the confirmation of the original
+charter. By virtue of this, the corporation of Bewdley consists of a
+bailiff, a recorder, a high steward, and twelve capital burgesses, who
+depute one member to parliament, the bailiff being the returning
+officer. The borough comprises the parish of Ribbesford and the hamlets
+of Ribbenhall, Hoarstone, Blackstone, Netherton, Lower Milton, and
+Lickhill; the number of burgesses are 42, and L10. householders about
+484. Lord Lyttelton is lord of the manor, high steward, and recorder. A
+few years since, Dr. James Johnstone, of Worcester, made an important
+discovery in this neighbourhood, of a mineral spring, whose qualities,
+after an attentive analysis, he declared to resemble those of the
+Harrowgate and Moffat waters. The most celebrated natives of this place
+were John Tombes, born in 1612, a subtle disputant, and a learned man,
+but a changeling sectary; and Richard Willis, who was the son of a
+capper, and became remarkable for his extemporaneous preaching; the
+latter was made chaplain to King William, and promoted to the see of
+Winchester, in 1714. Near a pleasant hamlet on the side of the river
+opposite to Bewdley, is Spring Grove, a large white building surrounded
+by a park, late the seat of S. Skey, Esq. to whom the country is
+indebted for the introduction of a breed of mules, both handsome and
+useful. On a hill, half a mile from Bewdley, and on the eastern bank of
+the Severn, is the elegant villa called Winterdyne. This agreeable
+retreat, plain in its appearance, yet commodious, is seated on a high
+and romantic cliff, embowdered in deep tufted slides, and surrounded by
+ornamented walks, which are diversified with Gothic turrets, seats, and
+hermitages. Advancing on the river, Blackstone rocks meet the eye; a
+bold range of dusky cliffs feathered to the top, and made romantic by
+the formation of a cell or hermitage, heretofore the abode of some holy
+man, but now a repository for the potatoes, cheese, and farming
+implements of a neighbouring agriculturist.
+
+   _Market_, Saturday.--_Fairs_, April 23, July 26, and December 11, for
+   cattle, horses, cheese, and linen and woollen cloth.--_Bankers_,
+   Skey, Son, and Co.; draw on Lubbock and Co.; and Pardoe and Co.; draw
+   on Hoare and Co.--_Mail_ arrives 12.27 afternoon; departs 1.30
+   afternoon.
+
+[Sidenote: Leland's description of the town.]
+
+[Sidenote: The charter disputed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Spring Grove.]
+
+   Map| Names of Places.|County.|Number of Miles From|
+   +--+-----------------+-------+-----------+------------+
+    21|Bexley[A]      pa|Kent   |Dartford  4|Bromley    8|
+     7|Bexton         to|Chester|Knutsford 1|Northwich  9|
+    27|Bexwell        pa|Norfolk|Downham   1|Lynn      12|
+    21|Bibrook          |Kent   |Ashford   1|Kennington 1|
+   +--+----------------+--------+-----------+------------+
+                                            |Dist.|
+   Map|Names of Places.|Number of Miles From|Lond.|Population.
+   +--+-------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+    21|Bexley[A]  pa|Eltham                6|   14|  3206|
+     7|Bexton     to|Congleton            13|  176|    76|
+    27|Bexwell    pa|Stoke Ferry           6|   85|    53|
+    21|Bibrook      |Canterbury           14|   54|      |
+   +--+-------------+-----------------------+-----+------+
+
+
+[A] BEXLEY was given by King Cenulph to the see of Canterbury. Edward
+II. granted a weekly market to be held here, but this has long been
+disused. Archbishop Cranmer alienated Bexley to Henry VIII. James I.
+granted it to Sir John Spilman, who afterwards sold it to the celebrated
+Camden, who made over his right to the University of Oxford, for the
+purpose of founding an historical professorship; but covenanted that all
+the revenues of the manor should be enjoyed for 99 years from his own
+death, by Mr. William Heather, his heirs and successors, subject to the
+payment of L140. annually. The University have since granted leases from
+time to time, for 21 years, to the Leighs, of Hawley. The church, a
+peculiar of the Archbishops of Canterbury, has a shingled tower and
+small octangular spire. On the south side of the chancel is an ancient
+confessional, consisting of three divisions of pointed arches, and a
+recess for holy water; on the north side are seven ancient stalls of oak
+with carved heads, and other figures. Here are several curious old
+monuments High-street House, which adjoins the churchyard, was rebuilt
+in 1701 by the late learned antiquary, John Thorpe, Esq., F.S.A., author
+of the "Customale Roffense," who purchased this estate of the Austens,
+of Hall Place, in 1750. On his death, his possessions devolved to his
+two daughters, by Catharine, daughter of Dr. Lawrence Holker, of
+Gravesend: High-street House, was allotted to the youngest, married to
+Cuthbert Potts, Esq. This gentleman became owner also, in right of his
+wife, of a contiguous villa, called Bourne Place, which was built about
+fifty years ago, by Lawrence Holker, Esq. son of Dr. Holker. Hall Place,
+formerly the seat of a family surnamed At-Hall, is an ancient and
+spacious edifice, now occupied as a boarding-school. On August 12, 1822,
+Robert, Marquis of Londonderry, sinking under the weight of a very heavy
+session of Parliament, died by his own hand. Symptoms of mental
+aberration had been observed in his Lordship by the Duke of Wellington,
+who had required Dr. Blankhead to visit him; his Lordship severed the
+carotid artery with a knife, and died almost instantly. He was an able
+diplomatic character, and an acute and efficient Parliamentary
+leader--he was, in the 53d year of his age: on the 20th of the same
+month his remains were deposited in Westminster Abbey. The Right
+Honourable Nicholas Vansittart was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of
+Lancaster, and raised to the Peerage by the title of Baron Bexley, of
+Bexley, in Kent, on the 31st January, 1833.
+
+[Sidenote: One of Camden's manors.]
+
+[Sidenote: Death of Lord Londonderry.]
+
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |  County. |Number of Miles From       |
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+    15|Bibury[A]          pa|Gloucester|Fairford   5|Cirencester 7|
+    31|Bicester[B]   m.t.&pa|Oxford    |Aylesbury 16|Oxford     13|
+    34|Bickenhall         pa|Somerset  |Taunton    6|Ilminster   7|
+    39|Bickenhill, Church pa|Warwick   |Coleshill  5|Birmingham 10|
+    39|Bickenhill, Hill  ham|Warwick   |           4|Solihull    4|
+   +--+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
+                                                    |Dist.|
+   Map|  Names of Places.  |Number of Miles From    |Lond.|Population.
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+    15|Bibury[A]          pa|Barford              10|   82|    950|
+    31|Bicester[B]   m.t.&pa|Buckingham           11|   55|   2868|
+    34|Bickenhall         pa|Langford             11|  140|    270|
+    39|Bickenhill, Church pa|Solihull              4|  101|    725|
+    39|Bickenhill, Hill  ham|Meriden               3|  100|       |
+   +--+---------------------+-----------------------+-----+-------+
+
+
+[A] BIBURY. In the eighth century this little village belonged to the
+See of Worcester: in the twelfth century it was given, with certain
+restrictions, to the Abbey of Oseney, in Oxfordshire; and, in 1547, it
+was finally alienated from the See of Worcester, to the Earl of Warwick,
+from whom the manor has passed through various families to Estcourt
+Cresswell, Esq. Bibury is a peculiar, possessing jurisdiction over
+Aldsworth, Barnsley, and Winson; the Lord of the Manor, however, claims
+a prescriptive right of appointing his own official and chancellor, who
+hath the recording of wills, and the granting of licenses within the
+peculiar: nor doth the Lord of the Manor allow to the Bishop the right
+of visitation. The Church is supposed to have been rebuilt by the monks
+of Oseney. The architecture of the north and south doors is in the early
+Norman style. On the north wall was a colossal painting, in fresco, of
+St. Christopher, the sight of whose image, according to the monkish
+legends, had sufficient efficacy to preserve the spectator from sudden
+or violent death: the painting is now obliterated. Several monuments and
+inscriptions to the memory of the Coxwalls, and other families, are in
+the edifice. The mansion was built in the reign of James II., by Sir
+Thomas Sackville, of the family of the Earls of Dorset. From its
+situation on an easy eminence, it commands a fine view of the river
+Colne, backed by an amphitheatre of low wood, of the most variegated
+foliage, clothing the acclivities of the hills, and rendered more
+beautiful from the contrast afforded by the barren downs which appear in
+the distance.
+
+[Sidenote: Monkish legends.]
+
+
+[B] BICESTER lies in a flat situation near the eastern border of the
+county. The parish is divided into two districts, termed King's End and
+Market End. The church is a large and respectable edifice. There is no
+peculiar manufacture: but the town derives great benefit from its market
+and cattle fairs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiousities of Great Britain: England
+and Wales Delineated Vol. 1, by Thomas Dugdale
+
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