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diff --git a/37483.txt b/37483.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7169e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/37483.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2179 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Sequoia [California] National Park, by United +States Department of the Interior + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Sequoia [California] National Park + + +Author: United States Department of the Interior + + + +Release Date: September 20, 2011 [eBook #37483] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEQUOIA [CALIFORNIA] NATIONAL +PARK*** + + +E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Anna Hall, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) + + + +Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this + file which includes the original illustrations. + See 37483-h.htm or 37483-h.zip: + (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37483/37483-h/37483-h.htm) + or + (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37483/37483-h.zip) + + +Transcriber's note: + + Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). + + Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=). + + + + + +SEQUOIA [CALIFORNIA] NATIONAL PARK + +United States Department of the Interior +Harold L. Ickes, Secretary + +National Park Service +Arno B. Cammerer, Director + + + + + + + +[Illustration] + +United States +Government Printing Office +Washington: 1937 + + + + +WHAT TO SEE AND DO + + +The Principal Attractions in the park which the visitor should see are +as follows: + +One-Day Stay.--Should include the Sherman Tree, Lodgepole Camp, Moro +Rock, Parker Group, Crescent Meadow, and Tharp Cabin Log in the Giant +Forest district. A drive out the Generals Highway to Lost Grove and +General Grant National Park should be included. + +Two-Day Stay.--In addition to the above should include the Alta Trail as +far as McKinley Tree, Congress Group, and the High Sierra Trail to Eagle +View. + +Three-Day Stay.--Should include in addition, Tokopah Valley, Sugar Pine +Trail to Kaweah Vista, and view of Marble Falls, from Admiration Point. + +Four-Day to a Week Stay.--Will enable the visitor to see all of the +foregoing attractions and to take the high mountain trips on High Sierra +Trail to the cream of Sierra scenery at River Valley, Hamilton Lake, or +Tamarack Lakes; to Twin Lakes, Alta Meadows and Peaks, Mount Silliman, +Emerald and Heather Lakes, The Watchtower, Colony Mill, Little Baldy +Fire Lookout, Admiration Point, and Marble Falls, with many other +points. + +Three-Week to a Month Stay.--Will permit a trail trip through wonderful +country by the High Sierra Trail over Kaweah Gap to Big Arroyo, Kern +Canyon, and Mount Whitney through the finest scenery of the Sierra +Nevada. The Kern Canyon is a 25-mile valley with 3,000-foot walls, fine +fishing, and lovely waterfalls. + +It is no exaggeration to state that any length of time from 1 day to all +summer may be profitably and enjoyably spent in the park. New beauties +and natural wonders will be unfolded each day. + + +Events OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE + + -----+------------------------------------------------------------- + 1858 | Giant Forest discovered by Hale Tharp, of Three Rivers, + | Calif., in September. + 1861 | First ascent of Moro Rock by Hale Tharp and George and + | John Swanson. + 1865 | Last of Potwisha Tribe of Indians left the park area. + 1873 | First ascent of Mount Whitney by A. H. Johnson, C. D. + | Begole, and John Lucas on August 18. + 1875 | Giant Forest first visited by John Muir. + 1879 | Sherman Tree discovered and named by James Wolverton, + | August 7. + 1881 | Samuel Pierpont Langley conducted researches in solar heat + | on summit of Mount Whitney. + 1881 | First ascent of Mount Kaweah, by J. W. A. Wright, F. H. + | Wales, and W. B. Wallace. + 1885 | Clough Cave discovered by William O. Clough, April 6. + | "Kaweah Colonists" filed on Giant Forest land, October. + 1886 | Giant Forest North Fork Road construction commenced by + | colony. + 1890 | Park created by act of Congress on September 25; second + | national park to be established. + 1891 | First administration of park by Capt. J. H. Dorst, Fourth + | United States Cavalry, and troop. Entered park June 7. + 1899 | First official survey of park by Isaac N. Chapman. Completed + | in 1900. + 1900 | First appropriation ever granted for park operations + | ($10,000). + 1902 | First transportation and camp operations permittee, Broder + | & Hopping. + 1903 | First road into Giant Forest completed August 15. + 1904 | First automobile entered Giant Forest, May 24. Mr. and + | Mrs. W. G. Luper, Vallejo, Calif. + 1905 | First white child born at Giant Forest (Forest Grunigen) + | August 31. + 1907 | First telephone line constructed, Three Rivers to Giant + | Forest, 33 miles. First post office established at Giant + | Forest. (Ranger.) + 1909 | Stone house on top of Mount Whitney built by Smithsonian + | Institution for solar heat observations. + 1914 | Walter Fry appointed first civilian superintendent. + 1919 | Exclusive jurisdiction over park ceded by California. + 1920 | Walter Fry appointed first U. S. Commissioner; Col. John + | R. White appointed superintendent. + 1926 | Park enlarged to include Kern district, increasing area from + | 252 to 604 square miles. + 1934 | Generals Highway opened to General Grant National Park. + -----+------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + +PARK REGULATIONS + +Briefed + + +Please Study the Regulations. Deliberate infractions may bring a penalty +not to exceed $500 fine, or 6 months imprisonment, or both. + +Suggestions, complaints, or comments regarding any phase of the park +operation should be communicated immediately to the superintendent, or +to any ranger or park officer, who will notify the superintendent. + +=_Camps._=--Camping is permitted only in numbered and designated camp +sites. As far as possible, burn garbage in camp fire, and deposit empty +cans and residue in garbage cans provided. Do not wash clothing or +cooking utensils under hydrants, in streams, lakes, or otherwise pollute +the water in the park. Observe quiet hours--at least from 10 p. m. until +6 a. m. Consider your neighbor. + +=_Automobiles._=--Cars must be equipped with good brakes, horns, and +lights. Careful driving is required for the protection of yourself and +others. Keep to the right of the road and avoid passing on curves. Speed +limit signs are posted. Obey traffic rules and regulations. Permit fee +is $1, allowing entrance to General Grant National Park also. +Automobiles are not permitted in the park through the Ash Mountain or +Lost Grove entrances after 9 p. m. or before 5 a. m., except Saturdays +or days preceding holidays, when the closing hour for entry is 11 p. m. + +=_Trash._=--Deposit papers, lunch refuse, film carton, gum, or wrappers +of any nature in receptacles provided. + +=_Fires._=--Light fires only in designated places. Extinguish completely +before leaving camp even for temporary absence. Know your fire is out. + +=_Smoking._=--During the fire-hazard season, smoking while traveling on +roads or trails is prohibited. Smoke only in camps and designated +places. Be sure your smokes and matches are out before throwing away. + +=_Trees, flowers, shrubs._=--Do not pick flowers or write or carve your +name on objects in the park. Down timber, except sequoia, may be used +for firewood, unless posted =_not to be disturbed_=. + +=_Animals and birds._=--Do not kill, capture, or scare. The animals are +your friends. + +=_Dogs and cats._=--Dogs and cats are prohibited on the park lands +except upon written permission of the superintendent, secured upon +entrance. + +=_Fishing._=--Get a State angling license. Apply to the nearest park +ranger for the current year's fishing regulations. Avoid closed waters. +Do not dig in the meadows for bait. + +=_Park rangers._=--The rangers are here to help and advise you, as well +as to enforce regulations. When in doubt, ask a ranger. + +=_Articles lost and found._=--Should be reported to the ranger station +at Giant Forest Village or at Ash Mountain. Persons should leave their +names so that articles not claimed within 60 days may be returned to the +finder. + +=_Complete regulations may be seen at the office of the superintendent +and at ranger stations._= + + + + +Contents + + + _Page_ + Season 1 + Administration and Headquarters 2 + How to Reach the Park 2 + By Railroad and Auto Stage 2 + By Airplane 3 + By Automobile 3 + Automobile Entrances 4 + Road-sign Information 5 + Trail Entrances 5 + Special Attractions 7 + Outstanding Views 9 + The Giant Forest District 11 + The Meadows 11 + The Sequoias 11 + Origin of the Name "Sequoia" 15 + The Groves 15 + Fishing 15 + Bathing 16 + Free Campgrounds 16 + Pay Accommodations 16 + Miscellaneous Services 17 + Post Office 17 + Telephone and Telegraph Service 17 + Medical Service 17 + Religious Services 17 + Giant Forest Library 17 + Special Winter Attractions 17 + Other Attractions 19 + Museum, Lecture, and Trail Guide Service 20 + The Trails 20 + Fauna and Flora 22 + Kern Canyon and Mount Whitney 27 + Mountaineering 27 + Pack Trips to High Sierra 29 + Permitted Packers 32 + Accommodations 32 + Transportation and Special Tours 34 + Horseback Trips 34 + High Sierra Pack Trips 35 + General Grant National Park 35 + References 37 + +[Illustration: GROUP OF BIG TREES ON EDGE OF ROUND MEADOW] + + + + +SEQUOIA + +_National Park_ + +OPEN ALL YEAR + + + And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills + Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree; + And here were forests ancient as the hills, + Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. + + --_Kubla Khan._ + +The Sequoia National Park, which is located in eastern central +California, was created by the act of September 25, 1890, and enlarged +by act of July 3, 1926. Its area is now approximately 604 square miles. +The park is situated on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and was +established to preserve the groves and forests of California Big Trees +(_Sequoia gigantea_). + +It contains not only the largest and perhaps oldest trees in the world, +but many other superb scenic attractions. + +It is easily reached by train and auto stage or by private automobiles, +is open the year round, and accommodations are available at all times. + + +SEASON + +The Sequoia National Park is open all year through the Ash Mountain +entrance to Giant Forest. From May 25 to September 5 the Giant Forest +Lodge, Kaweah Housekeeping Camp, Pinewood Automobile Camp, lunch-room, +store, and service station are operated for the accommodation of +visitors. From September 5 to May 25, the remainder of the year, the +Giant Forest Winter Camp is available, providing American-plan and +housekeeping accommodations in comfortable cabins. All year +accommodations are provided as well for campers with their own +equipment. From early May until snowfall (generally about the middle of +November) the National Park Service maintains camps at Giant Forest with +running water, sanitary facilities, and garbage disposal. Campgrounds +are also provided the year round at lower elevations, principally at +Buckeye Flat, 2,800 feet, and Hospital Rock Camp, 2,700 feet. At all +times of the year visitors camping at Hospital Rock can drive in and out +of Giant Forest in an hour or two. + +At Hospital Rock during the entire year lodging accommodations in cabins +and in the auto camp are available. A general store, gasoline station, +and lunch counter are operated here the year round, and photographic +supplies may also be obtained. Particularly during the winter months, +November to April, many find it most pleasant to avail themselves of the +Hospital Rock accommodations and drive in and out of Giant Forest during +the day. + + +ADMINISTRATION AND HEADQUARTERS + +The general headquarters for the Sequoia National Park is at Ash +Mountain, on the Generals Highway. An information office is also +maintained at Giant Forest. + +Mail, telephone, and telegraph messages for the superintendent should be +addressed to Sequoia National Park, Calif.; the representative of the +National Park Service in charge is the superintendent, John R. White. + +The United States Government has exclusive jurisdiction over the park +(act of California Legislature, Apr. 15, 1919, and act of Congress, June +1920, 41 Stat. 731). Walter Fry is the United States commissioner for +the park. + +The Sequoia National Park is little more than an hour distant from +points on the Golden State Highway (U S 99). The following table is +accurate as to distances between points in California and the Sequoia +National Park. + +-----------------------------------------------------+-------- + | + City | Miles + | +-----------------------------------------------------+-------- + | +Lemon Cove | 16.5 +Exeter | 28 +Visalia | 36 +Tulare | 46 +Porterville | 50 +Fresno (via Woodlake) | 75 +Bakersfield | 110 +General Grant National Park (via Generals Highway) | 47 +Yosemite National Park (via Merced) | 219 +Los Angeles | 220 +San Francisco | 253 + | +-----------------------------------------------------+-------- + + +HOW TO REACH THE PARK + +BY RAILROAD AND AUTO STAGE + +Fresno, Visalia, and Exeter are the railway gateways to Sequoia and +General Grant National Parks, served by the Southern Pacific Railway and +the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. These cities are reached by an easy +overnight journey from either Los Angeles or San Francisco. Pullman +service is available daily to Fresno, and three times a week to Exeter +and Visalia. + +The standard tour of Sequoia and General Grant National Parks is, in one +direction only, from Fresno, via Visalia and Exeter, to Giant Forest, +Sequoia National Park, thence via the Generals Highway to General Grant +National Park, returning direct to Fresno. A special service direct to +General Grant National Park, returning by the same route, is available +on advance reservation. + +From June 10 to September 10, an auto stage of the Sequoia and General +Grant National Parks Co. leaves Fresno daily at 8 a. m. for Giant +Forest, Sequoia National Park, by way of Visalia and Exeter, arriving at +Giant Forest about 12:15 p. m. From there the auto stage leaves about +1:45 p. m. for the return trip to Fresno, via General Grant National +Park, over the spectacular new Generals Highway, arriving at Fresno 6:30 +p. m. This circle tour service enables travelers to visit both parks +easily. + +From September 11 to June 9 "On Call" service by advance reservation is +provided from Visalia and Exeter to Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, +and return over the same route, but no service is available to General +Grant National Park during this period. + +Special excursion fares are in effect on the railroads during the summer +in connection with trips to Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. +Detailed information about railroad service and rates may be obtained +from local railroad ticket agents; the passenger traffic manager of the +Southern Pacific Lines, San Francisco; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe +Railway, Chicago; or the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Co., +Sequoia National Park, Calif. + +Sequoia and General Grant National Parks are easily reached from many +points. Visitors find the various routes and methods of transportation +equally comfortable and enjoyable. + + +BY AIRPLANE + +Airplane service is available through a bi-daily service to Fresno by +the United Air Lines, connecting with its transcontinental service at +Oakland and that of T. W. A., Inc., and American Airlines at Los +Angeles. Private planes may land at the Three Rivers airport, 6 miles +from Ash Mountain. + + +BY AUTOMOBILE + +From San Francisco the motor route to Sequoia National Park is by the +Golden State Highway through San Joaquin Valley to Fresno and Visalia. +Visalia is the motorists' headquarters for the mountain trip and is a +pleasant county seat of about 6,500 people, with excellent hotel and +stores. Ash Mountain is 36 miles from Visalia by paved highway via +either Lemon Cove or Woodlake. Giant Forest is 17 miles farther by +excellent mountain road. The motor journey from Visalia to Giant Forest +is easily made in 2 hours. + +From Los Angeles the motorist has a choice of highway routes after +leaving Bakersfield either via Tulare and Visalia or by Delano, +Porterville, and Exeter. There are good accommodations in any of these +towns. + +Full information relative to the best routes, road conditions, etc., may +be obtained from the California State Automobile Association, San +Francisco; the National Automobile Club, San Francisco; the Automobile +Club of Southern California, Los Angeles; and from branch offices of any +automobile club in California. All automobile club offices post the +latest bulletins from the superintendent's office. + +An automobile license fee of $1 is required except on the Mineral King +Road. It is payable at any of the entrance stations. The same license +permits entrance to both Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, good +for the entire calendar year. + + +AUTOMOBILE ENTRANCES + +The Generals Highway, leading to Giant Forest by way of the Kaweah +River, Middle Fork, is the main artery of travel in the park, connecting +directly with the paved State highway at the park boundary and reached +from all points north and south through the various towns of the San +Joaquin Valley. The Generals Highway is a fine surfaced mountain road, +wide and of easy grade, leading the visitor past Ash Mountain +headquarters, Camps Potwisha and Hospital Rock, to Giant Forest, 17 +miles from the entrance, and the heart of the present development among +the Big Trees. From Giant Forest it continues on past the Sherman Tree +to Lodgepole Camp (4 miles), crosses the Marble Fork, and, winding +through mixed fir and pine forests, crossing streams and meadows with +many a forest and mountain vista, leaves the park 11 miles farther on at +the Lost Grove Ranger Station. For the convenience of motorists, water +stations and telephones for emergency use will be found at intervals +along the highway through the park. The highway continues on 15 miles +farther through scenic country to General Grant National Park, where it +connects with the State highway to either Visalia or Fresno. This makes +possible a circle trip through both parks, via either the Ash Mountain +entrance or the Lost Grove entrance and via either Visalia or Fresno. +The Generals Highway is open to Giant Forest, via the Ash Mountain +entrance, all year except immediately after unusually severe storms in +winter. + +The Mineral King Road, leaving the State highway at Hammond, 5 miles +above Three Rivers, and following the east fork of the Kaweah River, +crosses the central part of the park, passing Atwell station and camp in +a forest of Big Trees, and ends at the summer resort of Mineral King, in +the national forest and game refuge beyond. + + +ROAD-SIGN INFORMATION + +All signs in the parks are official. It is important and helpful to read +them. + +The motorist should observe the road signs, always have his car under +full control, keep to the right, and sound horn when on curves that are +blind. + +Speed must not exceed 15 miles an hour on grades when rounding sharp +curves. On straight open stretches the speed must not exceed 35 miles an +hour. Speed limit signs inform the driver of maximum speeds allowed in +the various areas. Careful driving is required at all times. Descend +hills in gear, and drive more slowly downhill than uphill. These are +scenic roads; take time to enjoy them. + + +TRAIL ENTRANCES + +Numerous trails cross the park boundary from all directions. The South +Fork, or Hockett Trail, starts at the end of the South Fork Road 13 +miles above Three Rivers at the Clough Cave entrance to the park. This +is a main-traveled trail to southern points in the park--Garfield Grove, +Kern Canyon, and Mount Whitney. + +The south trail entrance is reached from the end of the automobile road +at Camp Nelson, in the national forest east of Porterville; thence by +trail to the Kern Canyon station at Golden Trout Creek. The Kern Canyon +entrance is reached also by trail from Lone Pine and other Inyo County +points via Cottonwood Pass on the main crest of the Sierra, somewhat +south of the park line. The higher reaches of the Kern River within the +park may be reached from this trail by a direct route crossing Siberian +Pass on the park boundary, where this is defined by a secondary divide. + +A foot-and-horse trail runs to the summit of Mount Whitney (14,494.7 +feet) from the Owens Valley side. It connects with the main park and +Kern watershed trail system at Crabtree Meadows on the west side of the +crest. Here it is possible to go over the "top of the United States" and +down the other side. Mount Whitney may therefore be reached from Lone +Pine via Cottonwood Lakes and Army Pass, or direct via Lone Pine Creek +from the east. It may be reached from the west by starting at Giant +Forest, or Mineral King, or by way of Camp Nelson from the south. This +latter trail is used particularly in the early spring and summer. + +[Illustration: _Hammond photo._ + +MOUNT WHITNEY, THE HIGHEST POINT IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES] + + +SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS + +The Sequoia National Park contains many scenic features in addition to +the Big Trees. The forests of sugar pine, yellow pine, fir, cedar, black +oak, and other trees are the noblest of their kind. Upland meadows +painted with flowers; many rushing rivers and creeks, as well as lakes +well stocked with trout; glacier-hewn valleys; monolithic rocks, and +snow-capped mountain peaks all contribute to furnish perfect conditions +for enjoyment of outdoor life and the study of nature. Below are listed +but a few of its scenic and other attractions. + +=_Middle Fork and Hospital Rock._=--The motorist first enters the park +via Ash Mountain headquarters, and the road leads up the gorge of the +Middle Fork of the Kaweah River. + +Hospital Rock, tourist center and public campground, is 5 miles beyond +Ash Mountain on the road to Giant Forest, at 2,700 feet elevation, and +is an all-year-round center of park activities. The Buckeye store sells +general supplies, photographs, films, curios, etc., and furnishes light +meals and overnight accommodations. + +At or near Hospital Rock are historical and scenic attractions of great +interest. There are Indian pictographs, and a mammoth boulder marks the +old headquarters of the Yokut Indians. Moro Rock towers 4,000 feet +above. The Kaweah River gorge is full of pools, cataracts, and +waterfalls. The fishing is excellent. Short-trail trips lead to the +Giants Rock Pile, the Big Pool, Buckeye Flat, Red Rock Gorge, and other +interesting walks. Deer are numerous and very tame in this vicinity. + +A narrow 2-mile road above Hospital Rock leads to Moro Creek, where +there is a public campground and point of departure for high mountain +trail trips. Magnificent views of the Great Western Divide, with its +12,000- and 13,000-foot peaks, may be had from this road. + +Buckeye Flat is a newly developed area on this road, half a mile above +Hospital Rock. This is a delightful public campground, beside the +rushing Middle Fork, with the usual accommodations. Though particularly +beautiful in the spring, it is attractive throughout the year. + +Paradise-Atwell Trail connects Atwell Mill Station on the East Fork with +Hospital Rock on the Middle Fork of the Kaweah River. It joins the +Atwell-Hockett Trail, permitting direct access to the Hockett Meadow +country from the Middle Fork district. + +[Illustration: _Grant photo._ + +VIEW OF MORO ROCK FROM ROAD TO OLD COLONY MILL] + +Continuing up the Middle Fork, under the shadow of the Great Western +Divide, is Redwood Meadow with its interesting grove of Big Trees. To +its left, at Bearpaw Meadow, a hikers' camp is maintained during the +summer season. The camp is within easy walking distance of Giant Forest +and is a convenient base for trips to Tamarack Lake, Hamilton Lake, or +Kaweah Gap. + +=_Giant Forest and surroundings._=--On a plateau ranging in elevation +from 5,500 to 8,000 feet and running back to mountains 11,000 feet high. +In heart of park, including major woodland attractions, the Tokopah +Valley, and several lakes. + +=_East Fork or Atwell Mill region._=--The Mineral King Road leads +through this region to the resort of that name just outside the park at +7,800 feet elevation. At Atwell Mill are to be found the finest stands +of young Sequoia in the park. + +=_The Atwell-Hockett Trail._=--This trail is built on the highest +standards. It permits easy travel, whether on foot or horse, and +provides a direct route from Atwell Mill into the Hockett Meadow +country, famous for its miles of plateau and meadows. Beyond Hockett +Meadow is the Quinn Ranger Station, also the fine Garfield Grove of Big +Trees. + +=_South Fork or Hockett Meadow region._=--From Clough Cave Ranger +Station, at 3,000 feet, through the Garfield Grove to the fine camping +and fishing country at Hockett Meadows, 8,500 feet. Accessible by trail +only. + +=_Kern Canyon district._=--This area of more than 300 square miles +embraces the upper Kern River, its tributaries, and the Kern Canyon. It +is a wild, immense country of forest, granite, lakes, and streams, +varying in elevation from 14,494.7 at the summit of Mount Whitney to +6,400 feet at the Kern Canyon Ranger Station at the lower end of the +canyon. Excellent camping and fishing country. Accessible only by trail. + + +OUTSTANDING VIEWS + +Two miles by road or trail from Giant Forest is Moro Rock, one of the +great monoliths of the Sierra Nevada, others being El Capitan and Half +Dome in the Yosemite, and Tehipite Dome in the Kings River Canyon. + +Moro Rock is 6,719 feet above sea level and over 6,000 feet above the +San Joaquin Valley. From the summit, which is easily reached by a rock +and concrete stairway, to the silver streak of the Kaweah River at its +base, is an almost sheer drop of 4,119 feet. The panorama of the Sierra +Nevada, Alta Peak, the San Joaquin Valley, and the distant coast range +is equal to that otherwise obtained only by long and expensive pack +trips to the high mountains. Climbing Moro Rock is "mountaineering de +luxe." + +Hanging Rock, Moro Vista, Profile View, Echo Point, and Kaweah Vista are +viewpoints on the rocky escarpment of the Giant Forest Plateau near Moro +Rock. Each offers some special view or attraction. Hanging Rock is a +huge erratic boulder poised for a 3,000-foot drop to the yawning canyon +beneath. Echo Point and Profile View disclose unexpected profiles of +Moro Rock, and at the former a resonant echo reverberates from the +painted cliff across the chasm. + +Beetle and Sunset Rocks, a few hundred yards from Giant Forest camps, +are bold granite promontories overlooking the valley and the Marble +Canyon. They are favorite spots for picnic suppers and sunset views. + +Lodgepole Campgrounds and Tokopah Valley are 4 1/2 miles by road from +Giant Forest. The former is the auto camp favored by those who want to +live in an open pine forest and beside running water. The swimming pool +here also attracts campers. Two miles above the campgrounds, by trail +along the north bank of the Marble Fork, is Tokopah Valley, of cameolike +beauty, hewn by glacial action from the ribs of the earth. It is a +miniature Yosemite, a narrow valley with towering cliffs, waterfalls, +talus, meadows, and moraine. It affords one of the favorite short hikes +in the park. + +Colony Mill and Admiration Point, a 9-mile side trip by road from Giant +Forest, are often overlooked by visitors. The views from Colony Mill +Ranger Station are superb, while the mile side trip by trail down to +Admiration Point permits a view of the Marble Falls, a 2,000-foot +cascade in seven distinct waterfalls. + +[Illustration: _Hammond photo._ + +ONE OF SEQUOIA'S MANY UPLAND MEADOWS] + +Marble Fork Bridge, 4 1/2 miles from Giant Forest, at an elevation of +5,000 feet, is favored by those who like to be near a stream and to +fish. It may be reached by road or by the Sunset Trail. This is a +favorite retreat with hikers as well as fishermen. The setting is +beautiful and the views especially fine. A natural swimming pool adds to +its attractiveness. + +By parking at the Little Baldy Saddle on the Generals Highway a fine +view may be had by hiking a mile and a quarter to the top of the dome. +The panorama spread out is a reward worth twice the effort expended. + + +THE GIANT FOREST DISTRICT + +The Giant Forest is the name given the largest grove of sequoias, which +is more than a grove. It is a Brobdingnagian forest. Here is found the +General Sherman Tree, perhaps the oldest and largest living thing, 36.5 +feet at its greatest diameter and 272.4 feet high. There are scores of +trees almost as large as the General Sherman, hundreds over 10 feet in +diameter, and many thousand from the seedling stage upward. + +In his book, Our National Parks, John Muir says, "* * * I entered the +sublime wilderness of the Kaweah Basin. This part of the Sequoia belt +seemed to me the finest, and I then named it 'The Giant Forest.' It +extends, a magnificent growth of giants grouped in pure temple groves, +ranged in colonnades along the sides of meadows or scattered among the +other trees, from the granite headlands overlooking the hot foothills +and plains of the San Joaquin back to within a few miles of the old +glacier fountains at an elevation of 5,000 to 8,400 feet above the sea." + +Giant Forest is also the name of the village beneath the sequoias where +the Giant Forest Lodge and the housekeeping and auto camps are situated. +Its summer population is about 3,000. + + +THE MEADOWS + +The beauty of the Giant Forest region is much enhanced by the many +upland meadows, flower-strewn from the first blossoming of the +amethystine cyclamen, or shooting stars in May, to the golden autumn +glow of the goldenrod in September. The best-known meadows are Round, +Circle, Crescent, and Log, all within 2 miles of Giant Forest Camp. + + +THE SEQUOIAS + +The California Big Trees must ever remain the supreme attraction of the +park, although for many the mountain scenery and the fishing are added +allurements. The Big Tree (_Sequoia gigantea_) is sometimes confused +with the redwood (_Sequoia sempervirens_), the smaller species of +Sequoia found only in the Coast Range of California. While _gigantea_ +approaches 40 feet in base diameter, _sempervirens_ rarely exceeds 20 +feet. The wood is similar in color and texture, but the foliage is +distinct, and the bark of the Big Tree is much thicker and of a rich red +color, instead of a dull brown. The most distinctive characteristic is +that the Big Tree is reproduced only from the seed while the redwood +when cut down sprouts from the stump. + +There are many world-famous Big Trees in the Sequoia National Park, of +which the General Sherman is the largest and best known. But there are +scores or hundreds unnamed and almost equal to the General Sherman in +size and majesty. + +In addition to those noted for their size, the National Park Service has +named and signed many of singular form, burned by fire, struck by +lightning, or fallen in strange fashion. The trees which should be seen +by all visitors are: + +=_The General Sherman Tree._=--The largest, and perhaps the oldest +living thing. Discovered by James Wolverton, a hunter and trapper, on +August 7, 1879, at which time he named the tree in honor of General +Sherman, under whom he had served during the Civil War as a first +lieutenant in the Ninth Indiana Cavalry. + +The age of the tree is unknown. It is estimated by those who have made a +study of the subject as between 3,000 and 4,000 years. During this time +it has withstood the ravages of countless fires, and, though greatly +damaged, it has continued to flourish, and today produces thousands of +cones bearing fertile seed from which many seedlings have been grown. + +The results of the fire damage are seen in the great wounds at the base +of the tree. Through repeated fires the sap-pumping system has been +damaged, and portions of the top have died; only 40 percent of live wood +is in contact with the ground. The Sequoia, however, has such +recuperative power that in time these fire scars will be completely +healed. + +The dimensions of this tree are as follows: + + _Feet_ +Height above mean base 272.4 +Base circumference 101.6 +Greatest base diameter 36.5 +Mean base diameter 32.7 +Diameter 60 feet above ground 17.5 +Diameter 120 feet above ground 17.0 +Height of largest branch 130.0 +Diameter of largest branch 6.8 + +For years there have been rival claims by various localities for the +honor of possessing the largest tree in the world. To settle these +claims the California State Chamber of Commerce and Fresno County +Chamber of Commerce conducted, in 1931, a tree-measuring expedition in +Sequoia and General Grant National Parks and vicinity. + +[Illustration: GENERAL SHERMAN, THE KING OF THE SEQUOIAS] + +The result of the work of several engineers gave the following +comparative volumes of the trunks of the four largest trees measured, +exclusive of limbs: + + _Board feet_ + + General Sherman Tree 600,120 + General Grant Tree 542,784 + Boole Tree 496,728 + Hart Tree 410,952 + +The General Sherman Tree was shown to contain 57,336 board feet more in +volume than its nearest competitor and the King of the Sequoias retained +his crown. + +=_The Chimney Trees._=--There are two well-known Chimney Trees, one +being on the east side of Sherman Creek close to the trail from Sherman +Tree to Alta Peak, which is now the best preserved. The other Chimney +Tree is at the northeast end of Crescent Meadow and was badly burned +several years ago through the carelessness of somebody who left a +campfire burning. The Chimney Tree near Sherman Camp is a remarkable +example of vitality, as it is thrusting out new branches despite the +fact that its vitals are eaten away by fire. + +=_The Black Chamber._=--This is probably the most notable example of +vitality on the part of a Sequoia in the forest. About one-thirtieth of +the bark remains, and the whole interior has been eaten away by fire; +nevertheless, the tree still lives and thrusts out new branches each +year. It is located along the Crescent Meadow Road. + + +OTHER FAMOUS TREES + +=_Washington._=--Very impressive as to size. + +=_Abe Lincoln._=--Thirty-one feet in diameter, 259 feet high, a rugged, +ancient-looking tree. + +=_Auto Log._=--A huge fallen giant upon which an auto may be driven with +ease and safety. + +=_William McKinley._=--Twenty-eight feet in diameter, 291 feet high. + +=_The President._=--Twenty-nine feet in diameter, 250.2 feet high, wider +at 120 than at 60 feet. + +=_Keyhole._=--Burned out "keyholes." + +=_Room Tree._=--Cavernous room within a standing tree. + +=_Stricken Tree._=--Rent by lightning, but still alive. + +=_Window Tree._=--Filigree appearance and many windows. + +=_Chief Sequoyah._=--Old with huge burls. + +=_Black Arch._=--Trail leads through charred, living giant. + +=_Roosevelt Tree._=--One of the most perfect in the forest. + +=_Pershing Tree._=--Named for Gen. John J. Pershing, has very richly +colored bark. + +=_Cloister._=--Four trees in a square. + +=_Pillars of Hercules._=--Trail leads between two standing giants. + +=_Bear's Bathtub._=--A cavity between two trees, containing water, +frequented by bears. + + +ORIGIN OF THE NAME "SEQUOIA" + +The naming of the Big Trees of California "Sequoia" is a fitting tribute +to that native American, a Cherokee Indian, who spelled his name +Se-quo-yah. An uneducated, non-English-speaking Indian, he perfected a +phonetic alphabet of 86 symbols with a character representing every +sound in the tongue of his tribe. It was said that with this alphabet, +sometimes characterized as one of the greatest ever invented, a Cherokee +child might learn to read and write the Cherokee language in a few days, +and that within a remarkably short time after the official acceptance of +the alphabet by the tribe every one of its members was able to read and +write. + +The change brought about in the Cherokee Tribe by the introduction of +this means of expressing thought on paper was equally remarkable. A +printing press was established, type made of the various symbols, and +the news of the day printed in two newspapers. Their laws were printed +in Sequoyah's alphabet, and also the Gospels and many other books both +useful and interesting to the Cherokee people, who thus made rapid +advance in general knowledge and in civilization. + + +THE GROVES + +The Sequoias are sometimes found in groups or groves. Such is the number +of those near Giant Forest that it is scarcely an exaggeration to say +that many other known groves of the Big Trees in California might be +hidden in the Sequoia National Park and pass unnoticed. The principal +groves easily reached in Giant Forest are the Parker Group, Congress +Grove, Amphitheater Group, Founders' Group, and Huckleberry Meadow +Grove. There are 32 distinct groves or areas of Big Trees in the park. + +Descriptions of the Big Trees and of the other forest trees are found in +two pamphlets, The Secret of the Big Trees and The Forests of Yosemite, +Sequoia, and General Grant National Parks. These are for sale at the +naturalist's office for 5 and 10 cents, respectively. + + +FISHING + +Persons desiring to fish in the waters of the Sequoia National Park must +secure a fishing license, as required by the laws of California. These +laws provide that every person over the age of 18 who obtains fish +without procuring a license is guilty of a misdemeanor. The license fee +for residents is $2; for nonresidents, $3; and for aliens, $5. These +licenses may be obtained from any county clerk, from the State board of +fish and game commissioners, or from the representative of the +commission at the general store in Giant Forest. + +Fishing bulletins for the current year pertaining to park fishing +regulations may be obtained at entrance checking stations, park +headquarters, or from rangers. + +Park regulations as to daily catch, etc., are identical with those of +the State for the district by which the parks are surrounded, excepting +in some areas where excessive demand necessitates reduction of the daily +limit. Fishermen should obtain special bulletins at the park entrance +stations. + +Fishing is permitted in all the streams and lakes of the Sequoia +National Park except in a few waters which are closed in order to +increase the supply of fish. Information as to these closed waters will +be found posted at ranger stations and near the waters. + +In the early part of the season excellent fishing may be had in an +hour's hike from Giant Forest. Later in the season it is necessary to go +farther afield, but the skillful angler is generally able to take the +limit. + +Rainbow, Loch Leven, eastern brook, German brown, and golden are the +varieties of trout found in the park. The golden trout of Golden Trout +Creek has been introduced into several creeks and has done well. + + +BATHING + +In the Giant Forest district bathing may be enjoyed at Bridge Camp, +Lodgepole Camp, and at Heather Lake. Bathing pools are especially +marked, and on account of the danger of pollution of streams used for +domestic purposes, bathers must confine themselves to designated areas. + +The largest pool is located in the upper Lodgepole district. + +An excellent bathing pool is available at Hospital Rock Camp, and many +visitors stop here for a plunge en route to Giant Forest. + + +FREE CAMPGROUNDS + +The National Park Service maintains campgrounds for visitors traveling +in their own automobiles. The largest campgrounds are at Giant Forest, +Lodgepole, and Dorst Creek, where water is piped and modern sanitary and +garbage-disposal facilities are furnished at about 600 camp sites. +Camping is limited to 30 days in any area each year. + +Inquiries about free public campgrounds should be addressed to the +Superintendent, Sequoia National Park, Calif. + + +PAY ACCOMMODATIONS + +Reservations or inquiries regarding hotel, housekeeping, and pay +auto-camp accommodations should be directed to Giant Forest Lodge, +Sequoia National Park, Calif., specifying, in detail, number of persons, +types of accommodations required, and particular lodge or camp desired. +Telephone or telegraph messages should be sent to Manager, Giant Forest +Lodge, Sequoia National Park. + + +MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES + + +POST OFFICE + +Visitors to Sequoia should have mail addressed to Sequoia National Park, +Calif. Guests of the Giant Forest Lodge or Camp Kaweah should have their +mail addressed care of either resort, but Sequoia National Park must be +added as the post-office addressed. + + +TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SERVICE + +There is long-distance telephone and telegraph service from all main +points in Sequoia National Park. + +Telegrams should be addressed Sequoia National Park, Calif., bearing in +addition the particular camp or lodge address. + + +MEDICAL SERVICE + +A resident physician is on duty at Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, +during the summer months, and a small hospital is maintained at Giant +Forest. + + +RELIGIOUS SERVICES + +Both Catholic and Protestant services are held regularly on Sundays +during the summer season. Times and places of all services are announced +on the bulletin boards and at Saturday evening camp fires. + + +GIANT FOREST LIBRARY + +From about June 15 to September 1 a branch of the Tulare County Free +Library is maintained at Giant Forest. Books on subjects related to the +park, especially its history, fauna, flora, etc., are available or will +be secured upon request. In addition, a large library of books on +fiction and nonfiction subjects is maintained. + + +SPECIAL WINTER ATTRACTIONS + +Full winter conditions exist at Lodgepole and at Giant Forest during the +months of December to March, when the Big Trees are surrounded by a +blanket of snow from 2 to 12 feet deep. The snow sports common to +northern climates and resorts are indulged in here during these months. +Skis, toboggans, and snowshoes may be rented from the operating +company, as well as heavy clothing desirable for this climate. The +winter sports have become so popular that it is advisable that +reservations for accommodations be made in advance. + +[Illustration: _Cuesta photo._ + +WINTER MAGIC] + +For those who desire to make the day trip only, the National Park +Service maintains public camps or picnic grounds at Beetle Rock. A +ranger is on duty at all times and is anxious to show the park and make +the stay of visitors as enjoyable and profitable as possible. + +The operating company issues a leaflet advising people of +accommodations, prices, etc. This can be obtained on application to the +superintendent. + +It is always advisable when driving in the mountains during the winter +to carry tire chains, although even in midwinter it is often possible to +drive to the Big Trees without them. + +Every effort is made by park authorities to keep the Big Trees +accessible during the winter months. Sequoia Park is now well known as +one of the few places in California where winter vacationists from other +sections of the country may be sure of seeing the giant Sequoias. + + +OTHER ATTRACTIONS + +"Bear Hill" is the name given to the spot near the incinerator, where +many bears gather to feed daily. The best time to see them is from noon +to 7 p. m., when an attendant is on hand, but they are frequently there +throughout the day. A ranger naturalist gives a 10-minute talk daily on +the habits and characteristics of the bears. The road to Bear Hill +branches from the Moro Road near the new village site. + +[Illustration: _Padilla Studios photo._ + +SKIING PARTY LEAVING CAMP KAWEAH] + +Tharp Cabin, in Log Meadow, one-half mile from end of auto road at +Crescent Meadow, may also be reached by Circle and Congress Trails from +Alta Trail. This hollow Sequoia log was occupied by Hale Tharp, Three +Rivers pioneer and discoverer of Giant Forest in 1858. John Muir stayed +several days in this unique "house in a log" in 1875 and has +immortalized the "noble den", as he called it, and the surrounding +Sequoias and meadows in his book, _Our National Parks_. The cabin is +maintained in its original condition and constitutes an interesting +museum. + + +MUSEUM, LECTURE, AND TRAIL GUIDE SERVICE + +The National Park Service encourages all forms of outdoor activities, +but special attention is paid to fostering a knowledge of the wildlife +and natural beauty which the parks were created to preserve. At Giant +Forest a small collection of specimens is on display at the naturalist's +office during the summer season for the enjoyment of visitors. Lectures +given daily by ranger naturalists at Sherman Tree, Moro Rock, and +elsewhere present facts of interest at these stations. + +The park naturalist is in charge of the guide service. During the summer +months camp-fire lectures are given and trail hikes and automobile +caravans are conducted. Both half-day and all-day trips are taken, with +variety enough to cover all types of interest. Giant Forest +Administration Building is the headquarters of this increasingly popular +service. + +The Giant Forest Lodge campfire is held every night at the lodge under +the Sequoias, where community singing, nature and historical talks, +music, and general entertainment are provided. This is free to the +public, and all visitors are invited to participate. + +The Park Service conducts similar programs at Sunset and Lodgepole Camps +every evening. Park visitors are cordially invited to assist in making +these programs a success by contribution of their talents. + +Following the campfires, the dance hall is open every evening, except +Sunday, from about the middle of June until September 1. + +The social life at Giant Forest is one of the great attractions and +holds many people beyond the time allotted for the visit. The average +population is about 3,000 people. + + +THE TRAILS + +One of the most pleasing features of Giant Forest is the number of +forest trails leading from it that afford interesting half-day or +all-day excursions. Perhaps nowhere else is it possible to hike so +easily for hours through such forests of sequoia, pine, and fir. Many of +the trails are oiled to eliminate dust. The trail system is well signed, +and the map in this pamphlet is used by many as a guide. It would be +impossible to enumerate all the points of attraction or combination +trips which can be made. New ones are opened every year. The following +are the principal trails and attractions: + +=_Alta Trail._=--Nine miles from Giant Forest to Alta Peak (11,211 +feet); passes through the Plateau of the Giant Trees and Panther, +Mehrten, and Alta Meadows. The view from Alta Peak has been pronounced +by members of the Sierra Club as fine as any in the California +mountains. It is the nearest point to Giant Forest from which Mount +Whitney may be seen. Horses may be ridden to the summit. Alta Meadows is +a delightful place to camp. A full day should be allowed for this trip. + +=_Trail of the Sequoias._=--Connects the High Sierra Trail from the +saddle near Crescent Meadow, 3.7 miles to the Alta Trail, and passes +through Big Tree groves rarely seen by the public before the opening of +this trail. + +=_Circle, Crescent, and Congress Trails._=--All lead from the Alta Trail +through the thickest Sequoia forests to meadows and mammoth trees within +2 miles of Giant Forest. From 2 hours to 2 days could be spent covering +this area. + +[Illustration: YOUNG VISITORS EXAMINING THE ANNULAR RINGS OF A BIG +TREE] + +=_Soldier and Bear Hill Trails._=--Lead from Giant Forest, 2 miles to +Moro Rock, passing near the Parker Group and past the Roosevelt Tree, +Hanging Rock, and other points. A half-day stroll. + +=_Sugar Pine Trail._=--From Moro Rock, 1 1/2 miles along the plateau +edge to Crescent Meadow and Kaweah Vista, with side trip to Bobcat +Point. + +=_Twin Lakes Trail._=--From Lodgepole Camp, 5 miles to Clover Creek, and +2 miles farther to Twin Lakes, famous for unsurpassed scenic setting at +9,750 feet, and for good trout fishing. Several hundred feet above Twin +Lakes on Silliman Shoulder is one of the finest panoramas of mountain +scenery in the world. A day is well spent on this trail. + +=_The Watchtower and Heather Lake Trails._=--These two trails lead to +major scenic spots. From the Watchtower there is a 2,000-foot drop to +Tokopah Valley; and Heather, Emerald, and Aster Lakes are mountain +jewels on the west slopes of Alta Peak. All of these trips may be made +from Giant Forest in half a day, although it is preferable to allow a +full day for them. Ranger naturalists conduct nature hikes to these +points during the summer. + +=_The High Sierra Trail._=--This trail, one of the finest mountain +routes in America, extends from the Big Trees of the Giant Forest to the +summit of Mount Whitney (14,494.7 feet), the highest mountain in +continental United States. In Sequoia National Park the largest trees in +the world are now linked by a splendid trail to the highest mountain +peak in the country. + +The main features along the High Sierra Trail, with distances shown from +Giant Forest, are: Bearpaw Meadow, 12 miles, with view of waterfalls, +great cliffs, and River Valley; Hamilton Lake, 16 miles, conceded by +those who know the Sierra Nevada to be the "cream of Sierran scenery"; +Hamilton Gorge suspension bridge, 18 miles; Kaweah Gap, 20 miles, with +expansive views of Kaweah peaks and main crest of the Sierra Nevada, as +well as the Big Arroyo immediately below; Moraine Lake, 30 miles; Kern +Canyon at Funston Meadows, 34 1/2 miles; Kern Hot Springs, 37 miles; +Junction Meadow, 44 miles; Crabtree Meadow, 54 1/2 miles; Mount Whitney +summit, 62 miles. From the summit of Mount Whitney there are 13 miles of +trail down the east side to end of automobile road, at Whitney Portal, +16 miles from the town of Lone Pine. + +Meals and comfortable beds may be obtained at reasonable rates at the +outpost station located at Ibex Meadow, making a trip possible to the +summit of Mount Whitney and return from the east side without the +necessity of packing heavy supplies and equipment. + + +FAUNA AND FLORA + +=_California mule deer._=--So-called because of their large ears. They +are abundant everywhere and often tame near campgrounds. + +=_American black bear._=--Found throughout the park and are very +plentiful at Giant Forest during the spring and early summer months, +where several at one time may be seen at the Bear Hill. These bears are +not ferocious, and under all ordinary circumstances will run from man. +Young of the same litter often vary in color from cinnamon to brown or +black. Visitors must not feed the bears. They are fed daily from camp +garbage. + +[Illustration: HAMILTON LAKE WITH PRECIPITOUS PEAKS IN BACKGROUND + +_Padilla Studios photo._] + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration: MOTHER BEAR WITH HER TWO CUBS] + +=_Columbia gray squirrel._=--A delight to the eye as it dashes across a +road or trail, a blue-gray furry vision that at times appears to be all +tail--the largest squirrel. + +=_Douglas squirrel or Sierra chickaree._=--Very abundant and thrusts +itself upon the public by its quarrelsome and scolding disposition. +About two-thirds the size of the gray squirrel, and gray-brown in color. + +=_Chipmunks of several species._=--The Alpine, Sierra Nevada, and +Sequoia are abundant everywhere in the pine and Sequoia. They become +very tame and steal from campers' tables or food supplies. + +=_Sierra golden-mantled ground squirrel._=--Often mistakenly called a +chipmunk and having much the same habits. At Giant Forest it is as +abundant as the chipmunk and may be distinguished by its golden color +and larger size. + +=_California Valley ground squirrel._=--Has recently arrived at Giant +Forest, but it is not plentiful enough to do damage. + +In addition to the above, marmots, mountain lions, wildcats, mountain +beaver, coyotes, foxes, trade rats, and other animals are found in the +park. Information about them may be had at ranger stations, the museum, +or the superintendent's office. + +The birds commonly noticed by visitors near Giant Forest are the blue +fronted or stellar jay, western tanager, western robin, chickadee, +junco, red-shafted flicker, white-headed woodpecker, several warblers, +sparrows, and finches. The golden eagle and the red-tailed hawk are +sometimes seen from Moro Rock. A list of all the birds may be obtained +at the Giant Forest Administration Building. + +Even a slight acquaintance with the park flora will vastly increase the +pleasure of your visit, and park rangers will gladly answer inquiries. + +The trees most noticed near Giant Forest are the Big Trees, sugar pine, +yellow pine, white and red fir; the western white pine and the lodgepole +pine are found higher up; the incense cedar is abundant; lower down are +many varieties of oak, maple, and other hardwoods. + +Among shrubs and bushes, the many kinds of sweet-scented ceanothus or +deer brush, manzanita, chokecherry, chinquapin, and dogwood are most +noticed. + +The flowers which by their profusion and brilliancy most attract +attention are, among myriads, the lupine, yucca, goldenrod, shooting +star, ragwort, Queen Ann's lace, bears clover, false hellebore, many +gilias, pentstemons, and monkey flowers. + + +KERN CANYON AND MOUNT WHITNEY + +The entire upper watershed of the Kern River, and the widely known Kern +Canyon, added to the park in 1926, is a spectacular area containing the +roughest and loftiest peaks of the entire Sierra Nevada, with Mount +Whitney at 14,494.7 feet elevation, the highest point in continental +United States, only barely thrusting its head above many others of +nearly equal height. In the center of this mass of mountain wonderland +is the Kern Canyon, with its colorful walls 3,000 feet high extending +north and south 25 miles. Hot springs and mineral springs are added +attractions, while fishing is unsurpassed anywhere in the Sierra. A +minimum of 2 weeks for a trip either by pack or foot is necessary +adequately to cover the wonders of this region, but it may be reached in +1 day from Mineral King to Kern Canyon Station (Camp Lewis or Soda +Springs). The new High Sierra Trail has linked the Big Trees of Giant +Forest to the Kern Canyon by a graded trail. It is a good 2-day journey +from Giant Forest to Kern Canyon. + + +MOUNTAINEERING + +The peaks of the Sierra Nevada and Great Western Divide, as well as the +Kaweah Peaks, in Sequoia National Park, offer excellent opportunities +for mountaineering. Devotees of this greatest of outdoor sports are +visiting the park in increasing numbers. Those interested in +mountaineering in the park should communicate with the Sierra Club. +Members of that club have made some notable ascents and are fully +conversant with the technique of climbing in the Sierra of California. + +Among the high peaks in the park, many of them over 14,000 feet, which +offer opportunities for mountaineering may be mentioned Mount Whitney, +highest in the United States outside of Alaska, Muir, Langley, Russell, +Tyndall, Williamson, Junction, Stanford, Table, Milestone, Kaweah, +Sawtooth, and Silliman. + +[Illustration: THE VALHALLA AS SEEN FROM THE HIGH SIERRA TRAIL + +_Padilla Studios photo._] + +Of the approximately 60 peaks in the United States over 14,000 feet, 13 +are in California; and of these, 6--Whitney, Muir, Langley, Russell, +Barnard, and Tyndall--are in Sequoia National Park. + +Information about mountaineering may be obtained by applying to the +superintendent of the park, or at any ranger station therein. Full +information about equipment and types of climbs may be obtained by +writing to the secretary of the Sierra Club, Mills Tower, San Francisco. + + +PACK TRIPS TO HIGH SIERRA + +Many inquiries are received relative to hiking and pack trips in the +Sierra within and adjacent to the Sequoia National Park. The following +information about maps, trails, camps, routes, etc., will be useful to +prospective visitors; but in view of the wild nature of the territory +and inaccuracy of existing maps, the information must be accepted with +reservations. + +The country from the Sequoia National Park to Yosemite National Park is +shown on the United States Geological Survey quadrangles: Kaweah, +Tehipite, Mount Whitney, Olancha, Mount Morrison, Mount Goddard, Bishop, +Mount Lyell, Kaiser, and Yosemite. The John Muir Trail crosses parts of +these quadrangles. Maps of these areas are based on surveys made from 15 +to 25 years ago, with only slight corrections since, and the trails and +other artificial features have undergone many changes. These maps may be +obtained from the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., or +from the superintendent, Sequoia National Park, Calif., at 10 cents +each. The parts of the maps of the Tehipite, Kaweah, Mount Whitney, and +Olancha quadrangles included within the Sequoia National Park are +printed on a single sheet, which may be obtained for 25 cents from the +chief ranger, or at the Giant Forest naturalist's office. + +Sequoia National Park and the area surrounding it includes a region of +as great diversity and wild grandeur as any area of equal size in +America. Here are more than 75 peaks over 11,000 feet in elevation, of +which 7 are more than 14,000 feet, 35 over 13,000 feet, and 20 more than +12,000 feet high. Here are at least 200 high mountain lakes, and over +300 miles of streams containing the famous golden and Kern River rainbow +trout. Good mountain trails traverse this area and lead to the +outstanding points of interest. + +Camping places and fenced pastures are available, so that parties may +make camp in comfortable places that also provide adequate facilities +for the horses. + +Pack outfits start for the high mountains during the season. Packing +into the High Sierra starts from Giant Forest and Hospital Rock Camps in +the park, from points near the park such as at Three Rivers, the Maxon +Ranch, and Mineral King, from points in the national forests both north +and south, and from Owens Valley towns to the east. + +Giant Forest, elevation 6,500 feet, because of its excellent +accommodations and general activities of a mountain resort, is becoming +more popular each year as a point of departure for the High Sierra. +Automobiles left at Giant Forest will be cared for by the park operators +and canvas covers furnished. + +Main trails lead north from Giant Forest via J. O. Pass to the Kings +Canyon, Roaring River, and Sugarloaf districts north of the park; east +and south via High Sierra Trail or Redwood Meadows to the Kern Canyon +and Mount Whitney in the park; by either Kaweah Gap or Black Rock Pass +to the Big Arroyo or by Timber Gap to Mineral King and a choice of +trails southward to the Kern River in the lower canyon. + +Three Rivers, on the paved highway and a few miles below the park +entrance, is the local center for packers and guides to the High Sierra. +There are hotel accommodations, stores, and post office located here. + +Mineral King, 7,800 feet elevation, 32 miles above Three Rivers by +mountain road, is in the Sequoia National Forest, which here forms an +indentation from the south into the park area. It is a center for pack +outfits and guides and an excellent place from which to leave for Kern +Canyon, Mount Whitney, and the High Sierra. There are limited hotel +accommodations, a store, and post office. + +Lone Pine and Independence, on the east side of the Sierra on the +Midland Trail, are centers for pack outfits. Good hotels, stores, +garages, and other conveniences are available at these and other towns +in the Owens Valley. + + +KERN RIVER CANYON + +From Giant Forest the Kern is best reached by way of the High Sierra +Trail to Hamilton Lake or Big Arroyo, first day; Moraine Lake or Funston +Meadow in Kern Canyon, second day. + +From Mineral King to the Kern there are several alternative routes, and +the trip may be made by way of Franklin Pass and Rattlesnake Creek in 1 +long day; or Franklin Pass and Soda Creek; or by Farewell Gap, Rifle +Creek, and Coyote Pass. It is 1 long day or 2 easy days from Mineral +King to the Kern by either Franklin or Coyote Passes. + + +KERN RIVER CANYON TO KINGS RIVER CANYON + +The trail generally used in the past between these canyons is not shown +on the United States Geological Survey topographic map, but passed +through Shepherd and Junction Passes east of Junction Peak to the +headwaters of the Kings at Center Basin. This has been replaced by a new +trail direct from Tyndall Creek to Center Basin, passing just west of +Junction Peak over Foresters Pass. It is known as the John Muir Trail +Cut-off. In addition to this route, there is a rough but passable trail +from Junction Meadow, near the head of the Kern Canyon, via the +Kern-Kaweah River and Colby Pass to Cloud Canyon and the Roaring River +section of the Kings. + + +KINGS RIVER CANYON + +At an elevation of 6,600 feet, General Grant National Park and places +nearby at Hume and Big Meadow are points of departure for the Kings +Canyon, Sugarloaf, and Roaring River areas. The most direct routes to +these areas are from this park. Good hotel and camping facilities, post +office, stores, telephone, and telegraph, repair shops, etc., are +located in General Grant National Park. + +From the Kings Canyon main trails lead out as follows: Up Copper Creek +and via Granite Basin to Simpson Meadow (and down the Middle Fork to +Tehipite Valley and Dome), north from Simpson Meadow to John Muir Trail, +and over Muir Pass via LeConte Canyon to Yosemite; up Paradise Valley to +Woods Creek and John Muir Trail over Pinchot Pass to the upper basin of +the South Fork of the Kings River; up Bubbs Creek to intersection with +John Muir Trail, or over Kearsarge Pass to the Owens Valley, or via +Center Basin, Junction, and Shepherd Passes to the Kern Canyon. + + +SUGARLOAF AND ROARING RIVER + +This fine scenic area is covered from Giant Forest via J. O. Pass or +Silliman Pass entrances to the park, Rowell Meadow, Sugarloaf Meadow, +Scaffold Meadow, up Deadman Canyon to Elizabeth Pass, to Bearpaw Meadow, +and to Giant Forest. + + +THE JOHN MUIR TRAIL + +The John Muir Trail from Mount Whitney, in the Sequoia National Park, to +the Yosemite Valley, in the Yosemite Park, is not clearly defined for +all of the way on existing maps, but information concerning it may be +secured by writing to the superintendent. + + +MOUNT WHITNEY + +From the Kern, Mount Whitney is reached either by the new Wallace Creek +or Golden Trout Creek Trails. The Wallace Creek Trail leaves the Kern +Canyon about a mile and a half north of the mouth of Junction Meadow. +The Golden Trout Trail leaves the lower end of the canyon near Kern +Canyon Ranger Station. At Camp Lewis, near the Kern Canyon Station +entrance to the park, is a small resort, with store and accommodations, +and telephone communication. + +An outpost tourist camp is maintained at Ibex Meadow on Lone Pine Creek, +and a special 3-day round trip from Lone Pine to Mount Whitney and +return is provided by a Lone Pine packing outfit. Arrangements have also +been made by the same packer for an all-expense trip from Los Angeles +and return. Lone Pine may be reached by automobile from the San Joaquin +Valley at Bakersfield, or direct from Los Angeles through Mojave. + + +PERMITTED PACKERS + +All packers expecting to conduct parties through the Sequoia National +Park should obtain a permit from the superintendent. Parties may then be +taken through the park, subject to the National Park Service rules and +regulations. Business may only be solicited within the park by the +Sequoia & General Grant National Parks Co. (Earl McKee, Three Rivers, +Calif.). + + +ACCOMMODATIONS + +The following is a general scale of rates for accommodations, subject to +change upon approval by the Secretary of the Interior. A detailed +schedule of rates may be procured upon application to the superintendent +of the park, the Sequoia & General Grant National Parks Co., at the +station upon entrance to the park, or travel bureaus. + +American plan--Rate includes room and three meals. + +European plan--Rate includes room only, with extra charge for meals as +taken. + +Housekeeping--Rate includes furnished cabin or bungalow tent room with +equipment for preparation of meals by occupant. + +American-plan and housekeeping accommodations are available in the park +throughout the year. Giant Forest Lodge, Camp Kaweah, and Pinewood +Shelter Camp are open from May 25 to September 8. Giant Forest Winter +Camp (American plan and housekeeping) opens September 8 and closes May +25. Hospital Rock Camp (European plan and housekeeping) is open all the +year. For week ends and holidays, American-plan reservations should be +made in advance. Reservations for housekeeping accommodations are always +necessary, and a $5 deposit should accompany each request for a +housekeeping camp. Address the Sequoia & General Grant National Parks +Co., Sequoia National Park, Calif. + +At Giant Forest Lodge, a colony of rustic cabins under the Big Trees +with a central community group for meals, campfire entertainment, etc., +the rates range from $5 a day each for two persons in a room without +bath to $8 for one person in a 1-room cabin with private bath. There is +no charge for children under 3; half rates for those up to 11. The rates +for meals only are 75 cents for breakfast, $1 for luncheon, and $1.25 +for dinner. Discounts for longer stays. + +Camp Kaweah, situated opposite the village store, is comprised of +bungalow tents and rustic cabins grouped around a central building +containing bathrooms and other modern conveniences. They are completely +equipped for housekeeping, including linen and the laundering of the +same. By the day, the cost ranges from $2 for one person and $3 for two +persons to $4.50 for five persons in a camp. By the week, the cost +ranges from $12 for one person and $16.50 for two persons to $27 for +five persons in a camp. Children under 3 years of age, no charge. +European-plan accommodations are also available here at a cost ranging +from $2 for one person to $1.25 each per day for three in a room. +Children 3 to 10 years, half rate on European-plan accommodations. + +Pinewood Shelter Camp is about a mile from Giant Forest on the Generals +Highway. For 1 or for 2 persons a cabin costs $1.50 a day; each +additional person, 50 cents. These cabins are not equipped with bedding +or cooking utensils, but such articles may be rented at the camp if +desired. + +Hospital Rock Camp, on the Generals Highway, about midway between Ash +Mountain entrance and Giant Forest, offers housekeeping accommodations +at the same rates as those for Pinewood Shelter Camp. Supplies may be +purchased at the central building, where there is also a lunch counter. + +European-plan accommodations may also be obtained at the rate of $2 for +1 person, $1.50 each for 2, $1.25 each for 3 or more in a room. + +Bearpaw Meadow Camp, along the High Sierra Trail, 11 1/2 miles from +Giant Forest, provides meals and tent accommodations for hikers and +horseback riders. Lodging per person, $1.50 per night. All meals, $1 +each. + +Giant Forest Winter Camp offers both American plan and housekeeping +accommodations as well as a coffee shop, a la carte service, at +reasonable rates. + +A colony of sealed rustic cabins at Camp Kaweah has been constructed +especially for winter use. Rates, American plan, are from $5 a day each +for 2 persons in a room, without bath, to $8 a day for 1 person in a +room, with private bath. Meals: Breakfast, 75 cents; lunch and dinner, +$1 each. Children: Under 3, no charge; 3 to 10, inclusive, half rate. +For housekeeping cabins: 1 person in room, 2 days or less, $2.50 per +day; more than 2 days, $2 each per day; per week, $12. Two persons, 2 +days or less, $2 each per day; more than 2 days, $1.50 each per day; per +week, $9 each. Three or more persons, 2 days or less, $1.50 each per +day; more than 2 days, $1.25 each per day; per week, $7 each. +Housekeeping cabins, partially equipped, are available at the rates +given for Pinewood Shelter Camp. + +Winter sports equipment and wearing apparel may be rented by the hour or +day. + + +TRANSPORTATION AND SPECIAL TOURS + +The Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Co. operates an auto stage +daily from June 10 to September 10 over a Circle Tour route, in one +direction only from Fresno, Visalia, and Exeter through both Sequoia and +General Grant National Parks. Stage leaves Fresno 8:15 a. m., passing +through Visalia and Exeter, arriving at Giant Forest, Sequoia National +Park, about 12:15 p. m. Stage leaves Giant Forest about 1:45 p. m. for +return trip to Fresno by way of General Grant National Park over the +spectacular new Generals Highway arriving at Fresno 6:30 p. m. Fare for +round trip from Fresno, Exeter, or Visalia, $10. + +For the convenience of visitors in planning their trip a 2-day all +expense tour called "Two National Parks in Two Days" is featured over +this route. This tour provides an overnight stop at Giant Forest Lodge, +Sequoia National Park, with all meals and lodging, a sightseeing trip in +Giant Forest, sightseeing stop in General Grant National Park, and +complete transportation in connection with stage schedule outlined +above. Fare for 2-day all expense tour, $17.50. There is a shorter trip +of 1 day and also hotel bus service. Regular and special sightseeing +trips are available in Sequoia National Park and over the Generals +Highway to General Grant National Park and the Kings River Canyon at +reasonable rates. + +From September 11 to June 9 "On Call" service by advance reservation is +provided from Visalia and Exeter to Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, +and return the same route. + + +HORSEBACK TRIPS + +The park's 700 miles of trails are a challenge to visitors, and +horseback riding is a favorite way of enjoying them. Saddle horses are +rented by the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Co. to +experienced riders without guides for use in the areas between the +Sherman Tree and Moro Rock at $2.50 a half day and $4 a day. A burro may +be had for 25 cents an hour or $1.50 a day. For a minimum party of four +persons, half-day trips will be made to the following places at a cost +of $3 each: Through Giant Forest, Keyhole Tree, High Pine, Abe Lincoln +Tree, Congress Circle, Bear's Bathtub, Huckleberry Meadow, John Muir's +Home, and many other places of special interest. + +For parties of four persons or more, 1-day horseback trips at a cost of +$4 each may be made to Alta Peak for views of Kaweah Canyon, the Great +Western Divide, and Mount Whitney, and to Twin Lakes and Heather Lake. +For smaller parties, the charge is slightly more. + +A 3-day all-expense trip to Bearpaw Meadow and surroundings can be +arranged. + + +HIGH SIERRA PACK TRIPS + +The park is the starting point for the best of California's High Sierra +country, including such famous regions as Kings River Canyon, Kearsarge +Pass, Kern River Canyon, and Mount Whitney. For a trip of less than 4 +days, saddle horses or packing mules will cost $2 a day; 4 days or more +$1.50 a day. The services of guides and packers $5 a day. Cooks cost $6 +a day. Pack donkeys, including outfits, $1.50 a day; $7 a week. Outdoor +clothing and equipment, such as riding breeches, blankets, dunnage bags, +and the like, may be rented at Giant Forest. + +This booklet is issued once a year, and the rates mentioned herein may +have changed slightly since issuance, but the latest rates approved by +the Secretary of the Interior are on file with the superintendent. + + +GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK + +In close proximity is General Grant National Park. Although its area is +small, only 4 square miles, it contains two magnificent groves of big +trees, including the famous General Grant Tree, dedicated several years +ago as the Nation's Christmas Tree. The visitor will miss a treat unless +he takes the loop around the two parks by way of the Generals Highway. + +Services and accommodations similar to those at Sequoia are available. + +A circular of information on General Grant National Park is published by +the National Park Service and may be obtained at either park +headquarters. + +[Illustration: WINTER SCENE IN GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK + +_Roberts photo._] + + +REFERENCES + + + ALBRIGHT, HORACE M., and TAYLOR, FRANK J. Oh, Ranger! A book about + the national parks. Illustrated. + + CAMPBELL AND ABBOT. Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1910. + + EVERMANN, BARTON W. The Golden Trout of the Southern High Sierra. + Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 25, for 1925. + + FARQUHAR, FRANCIS P. Exploration of the Sierra Nevada. California + Historical Society Quarterly. Vol. IV, 1925. + + ---- Place Names of the High Sierra. Sierra Club, San Francisco, + Calif. 1926. + + FROTHINGHAM, ROBERT. Trails Through the Golden West. Robert M. McBride + & Co., New York. + + FRY, WALTER, and WHITE, JOHN R. The Big Trees. A book about the + Sequoias. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif. 1930. + Illustrated. + + HALL, ANSEL F. Guide to Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. + 1930. Illustrated. + + JEFFERS, LE ROY. The Call of the Mountains. 282 pp. Illustrated. Dodd, + Mead & Co. 1922. The Kings and Kern River Regions on pp. 155-173. + + JEPSON, W. L. The Silva of California. Memoirs of the University of + California, vol. 2, 1910. 480 pp. Illustrated. + + ---- The Trees of California. 1923. 228 pp. Illustrated. + + KELLEY, EDGEMOND, and CHICK. Three Scout Naturalists in the National + Parks. A book by three Eagle Scouts who made a 12,000-mile trip + through the western national parks. + + KING, CLARENCE. Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada. + + LAWSON, ANDREW C. Geomorphogeny of the Upper Kern Basin. University + Press. Berkeley, Calif. 1904. + + LANGLEY, S. P. Researches on Solar Heat. A Report of the Mount Whitney + Expedition. Prof. Papers of the Signal Service, No. 15, 1884. + + LECONTE, JOSEPH N. The High Sierra of California--Alpina Americana. + Published by the American Alpine Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 1907. + + MUIR, JOHN. Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp. Illustrated. Sequoia and + General Grant National Parks on pp. 268-330. + + MILLS, ENOS A. Your National Parks. 532 pp. Illustrated. Houghton + Mifflin Co., 1917. Sequoia and General Grant National Parks on pp. + 99-115, 455-459. + + ROLFE, MARY A. Our National Parks, Book Two. A supplementary reader on + the national parks for fifth and sixth grade students. Benj. H. + Sanborn & Co., Chicago. 1928. + + SIERRA CLUB BULLETIN. Published by the Sierra Club, San Francisco, + Calif. + + STEWART, GEORGE W. Big Trees of the Giant Forest. A book about the Big + Trees of Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park. A. M. Robertson, San + Francisco. + + WHITE, STEWART EDWARD. The Pass. The Mountains. + + WRIGHT, DIXON, and THOMPSON. Fauna of the National Parks. Government + Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Price 20 cents. + + WILSON, HERBERT EARL. The Lore and the Lure of Sequoia. Wolfer + Printing Co., Los Angeles, Calif. 1928. + + YARD, ROBERT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp. + Scribners. Sequoia National Park on pp. 188-212. + + ---- The Book of the National Parks. 444 pp. Illustrated. Scribners. + 1926. Sequoia and General Grant National Parks on pp. 69-92. + + + + +DO YOU KNOW YOUR NATIONAL PARKS? + + + ACADIA, MAINE.--Combination of mountain and seacoast scenery. + Established 1919; 24.08 square miles. + + BRYCE CANYON, UTAH.--Canyons filled with exquisitely colored + pinnacles. Established 1928; 55.06 square miles. + + CARLSBAD CAVERNS, N. MEX.--Beautifully decorated limestone caverns + believed largest in the world. Established 1930; 15.56 square miles. + + CRATER LAKE, OREG.--Astonishingly beautiful lake in crater of extinct + volcano. Established 1902; 250.52 square miles. + + GENERAL GRANT, CALIF.--Celebrated General Grant Tree and grove of Big + Trees. Established 1890; 3.96 square miles. + + GLACIER, MONT.--Unsurpassed alpine scenery; 200 lakes; 60 glaciers. + Established 1910; 1,533.88 square miles. + + GRAND CANYON, ARIZ.--World's greatest example of erosion. Established + 1919; 1,009.08 square miles. + + GRAND TETON, WYO.--Most spectacular portion of Teton Mountains. + Established 1929; 150 square miles. + + GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, N. C.-TENN.--Massive mountain uplift covered + with magnificent forests. Established for protection 1930; 617 + square miles. + + HAWAII: ISLANDS OF HAWAII AND MAUI.--Volcanic areas of great interest, + including Kilauea, famous for frequent spectacular outbursts. + Established 1916; 245 square miles. + + HOT SPRINGS, ARK.--Forty-seven hot springs reserved by the Federal + Government in 1832 to prevent exploitation of waters. Made national + park in 1921; 1.58 square miles. + + LASSEN VOLCANIC, CALIF.--Only recently active volcano in continental + United States. Established 1916; 163.32 square miles. + + MAMMOTH CAVE, KY.--Interesting caverns, including spectacular onyx + cave formation. Established for protection 1936; 38.34 square miles. + + MESA VERDE, COLO.--Most notable cliff dwellings in United States. + Established 1906; 80.21 square miles. + + MOUNT MCKINLEY, ALASKA.--Highest mountain in North America. + Established 1917; 3,030.46 square miles. + + MOUNT RAINIER, WASH.--Largest accessible single-peak glacier system. + Established 1899; 377.78 square miles. + + PLATT, OKLA.--Sulphur and other springs. Established 1902; 1.33 square + miles. + + ROCKY MOUNTAIN, COLO.--Peaks from 11,000 to 14,255 feet in heart of + Rockies. Established 1915; 405.33 square miles. + + SEQUOIA, CALIF.--General Sherman, largest and perhaps oldest tree in + the world; outstanding groves of Sequoia gigantea. Established 1890; + 604 square miles. + + SHENANDOAH, VA.--Outstanding scenic area in Virginia section of Blue + Ridge. Established 1935; 275.81 square miles. + + WIND CAVE, S. DAK.--Beautiful cavern of peculiar formations. No + stalactites or stalagmites. Established 1903; 18.47 square miles. + + YELLOWSTONE, WYO.-MONT.-IDAHO.--World's greatest geyser area and an + outstanding game preserve. Established 1872; 3,471.51 square miles. + + YOSEMITE, CALIF.--Valley of world-famous beauty; spectacular + waterfalls; magnificent High Sierra country. Established 1890; + 1,176.16 square miles. + + ZION, UTAH.--Beautiful Zion Canyon 1,500 to 2,500 feet deep. + Spectacular coloring. Established 1919; 148.26 square miles. + +[Illustration: AREAS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE] + + + + + * * * * * + + + + +Transcriber's note: + + Frenso has been corrected to Fresno. The new text is: via either Visalia + or Fresno. + + Inconsistent hyphenation has been left as in the original text. + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEQUOIA [CALIFORNIA] NATIONAL PARK*** + + +******* This file should be named 37483.txt or 37483.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/7/4/8/37483 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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