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diff --git a/37483-h/37483-h.htm b/37483-h/37483-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bb665f --- /dev/null +++ b/37483-h/37483-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2363 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Sequoia [California] National Park, by United States Department of the Interior</title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +td { + vertical-align:top; +} + +td.hang { + text-indent: -1em; + padding-left: 2em; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.blockquote { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.right {text-align: right;} + +.big {font-size: 140%;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.u {text-decoration: underline;} + +.caption {font-weight: bold;} + +.hang {text-indent: -1em; + margin-left: 1em;} + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +/* Poetry */ +.poem { + margin-left:10%; + margin-right:10%; + text-align: left; +} + +.poem br {display: none;} + +.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + +.poem span.i0 { + display: block; + margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +.poem span.i2 { + display: block; + margin-left: 2em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +.poem span.i4 { + display: block; + margin-left: 4em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +/* Table of contents */ + .toc {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .toc .label {text-align: right; position: absolute; right: 10%;} + + .toc {list-style-type: none;} + .toc ul {list-style-type: none;} + +/* Transcriber's notes */ +.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; + color: black; + font-size:smaller; + padding:0.5em; + margin-bottom:5em; + font-family:sans-serif, serif; } + + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 4px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + pre {font-size: 85%;} + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Sequoia [California] National Park, by United +States Department of the Interior</h1> +<pre> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: Sequoia [California] National Park</p> +<p>Author: United States Department of the Interior</p> +<p>Release Date: September 20, 2011 [eBook #37483]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEQUOIA [CALIFORNIA] NATIONAL PARK***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3>E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Anna Hall,<br /> + and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h1>Sequoia</h1> +<p class="center">[CALIFORNIA]<br /> +National Park</p> + + +<p class="center">United States Department of the Interior<br /> + +<i>Harold L. Ickes, Secretary</i></p> + +<p class="center">NATIONAL PARK SERVICE<br /> + +<i>Arno B. Cammerer, Director</i></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 198px;"> +<img src="images/deptinterior.jpg" width="198" height="200" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">UNITED STATES<br /> +GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE<br /> +WASHINGTON: 1937 +</p> + + + +<h2>WHAT TO SEE AND DO</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The Principal Attractions</span> in the park which the visitor +should see are as follows:</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">One-Day Stay.</span>—Should include the Sherman Tree, +Lodgepole Camp, Moro Rock, Parker Group, Crescent +Meadow, and Tharp Cabin Log in the Giant Forest +district. A drive out the Generals Highway to Lost Grove +and General Grant National Park should be included.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Two-Day Stay.</span>—In addition to the above should include +the Alta Trail as far as McKinley Tree, Congress Group, +and the High Sierra Trail to Eagle View.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Three-Day Stay.</span>—Should include in addition, Tokopah +Valley, Sugar Pine Trail to Kaweah Vista, and view of +Marble Falls, from Admiration Point.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Four-Day to a Week Stay.</span>—Will enable the visitor to +see all of the foregoing attractions and to take the high +mountain trips on High Sierra Trail to the cream of Sierra +scenery at River Valley, Hamilton Lake, or Tamarack +Lakes; to Twin Lakes, Alta Meadows and Peaks, Mount +Silliman, Emerald and Heather Lakes, The Watchtower, +Colony Mill, Little Baldy Fire Lookout, Admiration Point, +and Marble Falls, with many other points.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Three-Week to a Month Stay.</span>—Will permit a trail +trip through wonderful country by the High Sierra Trail +over Kaweah Gap to Big Arroyo, Kern Canyon, and Mount +Whitney through the finest scenery of the Sierra Nevada. +The Kern Canyon is a 25-mile valley with 3,000-foot walls, +fine fishing, and lovely waterfalls.</p> + +<p>It is no exaggeration to state that any length of time from +1 day to all summer may be profitably and enjoyably spent +in the park. New beauties and natural wonders will be +unfolded each day.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h2>Events<br /> +OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE</h2> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="right">1858</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Giant Forest discovered by Hale Tharp, of Three Rivers, Calif., in September.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1861</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First ascent of Moro Rock by Hale Tharp and George and John Swanson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1865</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Last of Potwisha Tribe of Indians left the park area.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1873</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First ascent of Mount Whitney by A. H. Johnson, C. D. Begole, and John Lucas on August 18.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1875</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Giant Forest first visited by John Muir.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1879</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Sherman Tree discovered and named by James Wolverton, August 7.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1881</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Samuel Pierpont Langley conducted researches in solar heat on summit of Mount Whitney.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1881</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First ascent of Mount Kaweah, by J. W. A. Wright, F. H. Wales, and W. B. Wallace.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1885</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Clough Cave discovered by William O. Clough, April 6. "Kaweah Colonists" filed on Giant Forest land, October.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1886</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Giant Forest North Fork Road construction commenced by colony.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1890</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Park created by act of Congress on September 25; second national park to be established.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1891</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First administration of park by Capt. J. H. Dorst, Fourth United States Cavalry, and troop. Entered park June 7.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1899</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First official survey of park by Isaac N. Chapman. Completed in 1900.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1900</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First appropriation ever granted for park operations ($10,000).</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1902</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First transportation and camp operations permittee, Broder & Hopping.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1903</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First road into Giant Forest completed August 15.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1904</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First automobile entered Giant Forest, May 24. Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Luper, Vallejo, Calif.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1905</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First white child born at Giant Forest (Forest Grunigen) August 31.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1907</td><td align="left" class="hang"> First telephone line constructed, Three Rivers to Giant Forest, 33 miles. First post office established at Giant Forest. (Ranger.)</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1909</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Stone house on top of Mount Whitney built by Smithsonian Institution for solar heat observations.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1914</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Walter Fry appointed first civilian superintendent.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1919</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Exclusive jurisdiction over park ceded by California.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1920</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Walter Fry appointed first U. S. Commissioner; Col. John R. White appointed superintendent.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1926</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Park enlarged to include Kern district, increasing area from 252 to 604 square miles.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">1934</td><td align="left" class="hang"> Generals Highway opened to General Grant National Park.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>PARK REGULATIONS</h2> + +<p class="center">Briefed</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Please Study the Regulations.</span> Deliberate infractions may bring a +penalty not to exceed $500 fine, or 6 months imprisonment, or both.</p> + +<p>Suggestions, complaints, or comments regarding any phase of the park +operation should be communicated immediately to the superintendent, +or to any ranger or park officer, who will notify the superintendent.</p> + +<p><b><i>Camps.</i></b>—Camping is permitted only in numbered and designated camp sites. As far +as possible, burn garbage in camp fire, and deposit empty cans and residue in garbage +cans provided. Do not wash clothing or cooking utensils under hydrants, in streams, +lakes, or otherwise pollute the water in the park. Observe quiet hours—at least from +10 p. m. until 6 a. m. Consider your neighbor.</p> + +<p><b><i>Automobiles.</i></b>—Cars must be equipped with good brakes, horns, and lights. Careful +driving is required for the protection of yourself and others. Keep to the right of the +road and avoid passing on curves. Speed limit signs are posted. Obey traffic rules and +regulations. Permit fee is $1, allowing entrance to General Grant National Park also. +Automobiles are not permitted in the park through the Ash Mountain or Lost Grove +entrances after 9 p. m. or before 5 a. m., except Saturdays or days preceding holidays, +when the closing hour for entry is 11 p. m.</p> + +<p><b><i>Trash.</i></b>—Deposit papers, lunch refuse, film carton, gum, or wrappers of any nature in +receptacles provided.</p> + +<p><b><i>Fires.</i></b>—Light fires only in designated places. Extinguish completely before leaving +camp even for temporary absence. Know your fire is out.</p> + +<p><b><i>Smoking.</i></b>—During the fire-hazard season, smoking while traveling on roads or trails is +prohibited. Smoke only in camps and designated places. Be sure your smokes and +matches are out before throwing away.</p> + +<p><b><i>Trees, flowers, shrubs.</i></b>—Do not pick flowers or write or carve your name on objects +in the park. Down timber, except sequoia, may be used for firewood, unless posted +<b><i>not to be disturbed</i></b>.</p> + +<p><b><i>Animals and birds.</i></b>—Do not kill, capture, or scare. The animals are your friends.</p> + +<p><b><i>Dogs and cats.</i></b>—Dogs and cats are prohibited on the park lands except upon written +permission of the superintendent, secured upon entrance.</p> + +<p><b><i>Fishing.</i></b>—Get a State angling license. Apply to the nearest park ranger for the current +year's fishing regulations. Avoid closed waters. Do not dig in the meadows for bait.</p> + +<p><b><i>Park rangers.</i></b>—The rangers are here to help and advise you, as well as to enforce +regulations. When in doubt, ask a ranger.</p> + +<p><b><i>Articles lost and found.</i></b>—Should be reported to the ranger station at Giant Forest +Village or at Ash Mountain. Persons should leave their names so that articles not +claimed within 60 days may be returned to the finder.</p> + +<p><b><i>Complete regulations may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at ranger +stations.</i></b></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Contents</h2> + + +<ul class="toc"> +<li> <span class="label right"><i>Page</i></span></li> + +<li>Season <span class="label"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></span></li> +<li>Administration and Headquarters <span class="label"><a href="#Page_2">2</a></span></li> +<li>How to Reach the Park <span class="label"><a href="#Page_2">2</a></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">By Railroad and Auto Stage <span class="label"><a href="#Page_2">2</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">By Airplane <span class="label"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">By Automobile <span class="label"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></span></span></li> +<li>Automobile Entrances <span class="label"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></span></li> +<li>Road-sign Information <span class="label"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></span></li> +<li>Trail Entrances <span class="label"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></span></li> +<li>Special Attractions <span class="label"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></span></li> +<li>Outstanding Views <span class="label"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></span></li> +<li>The Giant Forest District <span class="label"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Meadows <span class="label"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></span></span></li> +<li>The Sequoias <span class="label"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Origin of the Name "Sequoia" <span class="label"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Groves <span class="label"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></span></span></li> +<li>Fishing <span class="label"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></span></li> +<li>Bathing <span class="label"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></span></li> +<li>Free Campgrounds <span class="label"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></span></li> +<li>Pay Accommodations <span class="label"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></span></li> +<li>Miscellaneous Services <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Post Office <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Telephone and Telegraph Service <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Medical Service <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Religious Services <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Giant Forest Library <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></span></li> +<li>Special Winter Attractions <span class="label"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span></li> +<li>Other Attractions <span class="label"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></span></li> +<li>Museum, Lecture, and Trail Guide Service <span class="label"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></span></li> +<li>The Trails <span class="label"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></span></li> +<li>Fauna and Flora <span class="label"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></span></li> +<li>Kern Canyon and Mount Whitney <span class="label"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></span></li> +<li>Mountaineering <span class="label"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></span></li> +<li>Pack Trips to High Sierra <span class="label"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></span></li> +<li>Permitted Packers <span class="label"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></span></li> +<li>Accommodations <span class="label"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Transportation and Special Tours <span class="label"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horseback Trips <span class="label"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></span></span></li> +<li><span style="margin-left: 1em;">High Sierra Pack Trips <span class="label"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></span></span></li> +<li>General Grant National Park <span class="label"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></span></li> +<li>References <span class="label"><a href="#Page_37">37</a></span></li></ul> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;"><a href="images/illus006.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus006_s.jpg" width="442" height="577" alt="GROUP OF BIG TREES ON EDGE OF ROUND MEADOW" title="" /> +<span class="caption">GROUP OF BIG TREES ON EDGE OF ROUND MEADOW</span> +</a></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>SEQUOIA</h2> + +<p class="center"><i>National Park</i></p> + +<p class="center">OPEN ALL YEAR</p> + + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And here were forests ancient as the hills,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="right"> +—<i>Kubla Khan.</i> +</p> + +<p>The Sequoia National Park, which is located in eastern central +California, was created by the act of September 25, 1890, and enlarged +by act of July 3, 1926. Its area is now approximately 604 +square miles. The park is situated on the western slopes of the Sierra +Nevada and was established to preserve the groves and forests of California +Big Trees (<i>Sequoia gigantea</i>).</p> + +<p>It contains not only the largest and perhaps oldest trees in the world, but +many other superb scenic attractions.</p> + +<p>It is easily reached by train and auto stage or by private automobiles, +is open the year round, and accommodations are available at all times.</p> + + +<h3>SEASON</h3> + +<p>The Sequoia National Park is open all year through the Ash Mountain +entrance to Giant Forest. From May 25 to September 5 the Giant Forest +Lodge, Kaweah Housekeeping Camp, Pinewood Automobile Camp, lunch-room, +store, and service station are operated for the accommodation of +visitors. From September 5 to May 25, the remainder of the year, the +Giant Forest Winter Camp is available, providing American-plan and +housekeeping accommodations in comfortable cabins. All year accommodations +are provided as well for campers with their own equipment. From +early May until snowfall (generally about the middle of November) the +National Park Service maintains camps at Giant Forest with running water,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> +sanitary facilities, and garbage disposal. Campgrounds are also provided +the year round at lower elevations, principally at Buckeye Flat, 2,800 feet, +and Hospital Rock Camp, 2,700 feet. At all times of the year visitors camping +at Hospital Rock can drive in and out of Giant Forest in an hour or two.</p> + +<p>At Hospital Rock during the entire year lodging accommodations in +cabins and in the auto camp are available. A general store, gasoline station, +and lunch counter are operated here the year round, and photographic +supplies may also be obtained. Particularly during the winter +months, November to April, many find it most pleasant to avail themselves +of the Hospital Rock accommodations and drive in and out of Giant Forest +during the day.</p> + + +<h3>ADMINISTRATION AND HEADQUARTERS</h3> + +<p>The general headquarters for the Sequoia National Park is at Ash Mountain, +on the Generals Highway. An information office is also maintained at +Giant Forest.</p> + +<p>Mail, telephone, and telegraph messages for the superintendent should be +addressed to Sequoia National Park, Calif.; the representative of the +National Park Service in charge is the superintendent, John R. White.</p> + +<p>The United States Government has exclusive jurisdiction over the park +(act of California Legislature, Apr. 15, 1919, and act of Congress, June +1920, 41 Stat. 731). Walter Fry is the United States commissioner for the +park.</p> + +<p>The Sequoia National Park is little more than an hour distant from points +on the Golden State Highway (U S 99). The following table is accurate as +to distances between points in California and the Sequoia National Park.</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> + +<tr><th align="center">City</th><th align="center">Miles</th></tr> + +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Lemon Cove</td><td align="right"> 16.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Exeter</td><td align="right"> 28</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Visalia</td><td align="right"> 36</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Tulare</td><td align="right"> 46</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Porterville</td><td align="right"> 50</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Fresno (via Woodlake)</td><td align="right"> 75</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Bakersfield</td><td align="right"> 110</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">General Grant National Park (via Generals Highway)</td><td align="right"> 47</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Yosemite National Park (via Merced)</td><td align="right"> 219</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">Los Angeles</td><td align="right"> 220</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" class="hang">San Francisco</td><td align="right"> 253</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h3>HOW TO REACH THE PARK</h3> + +<h4>BY RAILROAD AND AUTO STAGE</h4> + +<p>Fresno, Visalia, and Exeter are the railway gateways to Sequoia and General +Grant National Parks, served by the Southern Pacific Railway and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> +Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. These cities are reached by an easy overnight +journey from either Los Angeles or San Francisco. Pullman service +is available daily to Fresno, and three times a week to Exeter and Visalia.</p> + +<p>The standard tour of Sequoia and General Grant National Parks is, in +one direction only, from Fresno, via Visalia and Exeter, to Giant Forest, +Sequoia National Park, thence via the Generals Highway to General +Grant National Park, returning direct to Fresno. A special service direct +to General Grant National Park, returning by the same route, is available +on advance reservation.</p> + +<p>From June 10 to September 10, an auto stage of the Sequoia and General +Grant National Parks Co. leaves Fresno daily at 8 a. m. for Giant Forest, +Sequoia National Park, by way of Visalia and Exeter, arriving at Giant +Forest about 12:15 p. m. From there the auto stage leaves about 1:45 p. m. +for the return trip to Fresno, via General Grant National Park, over the +spectacular new Generals Highway, arriving at Fresno 6:30 p. m. This +circle tour service enables travelers to visit both parks easily.</p> + +<p>From September 11 to June 9 "On Call" service by advance reservation +is provided from Visalia and Exeter to Giant Forest, Sequoia National +Park, and return over the same route, but no service is available to General +Grant National Park during this period.</p> + +<p>Special excursion fares are in effect on the railroads during the summer +in connection with trips to Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. +Detailed information about railroad service and rates may be obtained +from local railroad ticket agents; the passenger traffic manager of the +Southern Pacific Lines, San Francisco; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe +Railway, Chicago; or the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Co., +Sequoia National Park, Calif.</p> + +<p>Sequoia and General Grant National Parks are easily reached from +many points. Visitors find the various routes and methods of transportation +equally comfortable and enjoyable.</p> + + +<h4>BY AIRPLANE</h4> + +<p>Airplane service is available through a bi-daily service to Fresno by the +United Air Lines, connecting with its transcontinental service at Oakland +and that of T. W. A., Inc., and American Airlines at Los Angeles. Private +planes may land at the Three Rivers airport, 6 miles from Ash Mountain.</p> + + +<h4>BY AUTOMOBILE</h4> + +<p>From San Francisco the motor route to Sequoia National Park is by the +Golden State Highway through San Joaquin Valley to Fresno and Visalia.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +Visalia is the motorists' headquarters for the mountain trip and is a pleasant +county seat of about 6,500 people, with excellent hotel and stores. +Ash Mountain is 36 miles from Visalia by paved highway via either Lemon +Cove or Woodlake. Giant Forest is 17 miles farther by excellent mountain +road. The motor journey from Visalia to Giant Forest is easily made in +2 hours.</p> + +<p>From Los Angeles the motorist has a choice of highway routes after leaving +Bakersfield either via Tulare and Visalia or by Delano, Porterville, and +Exeter. There are good accommodations in any of these towns.</p> + +<p>Full information relative to the best routes, road conditions, etc., may be +obtained from the California State Automobile Association, San Francisco; +the National Automobile Club, San Francisco; the Automobile Club of +Southern California, Los Angeles; and from branch offices of any automobile +club in California. All automobile club offices post the latest bulletins +from the superintendent's office.</p> + +<p>An automobile license fee of $1 is required except on the Mineral King +Road. It is payable at any of the entrance stations. The same license +permits entrance to both Sequoia and General Grant National Parks, good +for the entire calendar year.</p> + + +<h3>AUTOMOBILE ENTRANCES</h3> + +<p>The Generals Highway, leading to Giant Forest by way of the Kaweah +River, Middle Fork, is the main artery of travel in the park, connecting +directly with the paved State highway at the park boundary and reached +from all points north and south through the various towns of the San Joaquin +Valley. The Generals Highway is a fine surfaced mountain road, wide +and of easy grade, leading the visitor past Ash Mountain headquarters, +Camps Potwisha and Hospital Rock, to Giant Forest, 17 miles from the +entrance, and the heart of the present development among the Big Trees. +From Giant Forest it continues on past the Sherman Tree to Lodgepole +Camp (4 miles), crosses the Marble Fork, and, winding through mixed fir +and pine forests, crossing streams and meadows with many a forest and +mountain vista, leaves the park 11 miles farther on at the Lost Grove +Ranger Station. For the convenience of motorists, water stations and +telephones for emergency use will be found at intervals along the highway +through the park. The highway continues on 15 miles farther through +scenic country to General Grant National Park, where it connects with the +State highway to either Visalia or Fresno. This makes possible a circle trip +through both parks, via either the Ash Mountain entrance or the Lost +Grove entrance and via either Visalia or Fresno. The Generals Highway<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> +is open to Giant Forest, via the Ash Mountain entrance, all year except +immediately after unusually severe storms in winter.</p> + +<p>The Mineral King Road, leaving the State highway at Hammond, 5 +miles above Three Rivers, and following the east fork of the Kaweah River, +crosses the central part of the park, passing Atwell station and camp in a +forest of Big Trees, and ends at the summer resort of Mineral King, in the +national forest and game refuge beyond.</p> + + +<h3>ROAD-SIGN INFORMATION</h3> + +<p>All signs in the parks are official. It is important and helpful to read +them.</p> + +<p>The motorist should observe the road signs, always have his car under +full control, keep to the right, and sound horn when on curves that are blind.</p> + +<p>Speed must not exceed 15 miles an hour on grades when rounding +sharp curves. On straight open stretches the speed must not exceed 35 +miles an hour. Speed limit signs inform the driver of maximum speeds +allowed in the various areas. Careful driving is required at all times. +Descend hills in gear, and drive more slowly downhill than uphill. These +are scenic roads; take time to enjoy them.</p> + + +<h3>TRAIL ENTRANCES</h3> + +<p>Numerous trails cross the park boundary from all directions. The South +Fork, or Hockett Trail, starts at the end of the South Fork Road 13 miles +above Three Rivers at the Clough Cave entrance to the park. This is a +main-traveled trail to southern points in the park—Garfield Grove, Kern +Canyon, and Mount Whitney.</p> + +<p>The south trail entrance is reached from the end of the automobile road +at Camp Nelson, in the national forest east of Porterville; thence by trail +to the Kern Canyon station at Golden Trout Creek. The Kern Canyon +entrance is reached also by trail from Lone Pine and other Inyo County +points via Cottonwood Pass on the main crest of the Sierra, somewhat south +of the park line. The higher reaches of the Kern River within the park +may be reached from this trail by a direct route crossing Siberian Pass on +the park boundary, where this is defined by a secondary divide.</p> + +<p>A foot-and-horse trail runs to the summit of Mount Whitney (14,494.7 feet) +from the Owens Valley side. It connects with the main park and Kern +watershed trail system at Crabtree Meadows on the west side of the crest. +Here it is possible to go over the "top of the United States" and down the +other side. Mount Whitney may therefore be reached from Lone Pine via +Cottonwood Lakes and Army Pass, or direct via Lone Pine Creek from the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>east. It may be reached from the west by starting at Giant Forest, or +Mineral King, or by way of Camp Nelson from the south. This latter trail +is used particularly in the early spring and summer.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 382px;"><a href="images/illus012.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus012_s.jpg" width="382" height="600" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Hammond photo.<br /> + +MOUNT WHITNEY, THE HIGHEST POINT IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES</span> +</a></div> + + +<h3>SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS</h3> + +<p>The Sequoia National Park contains many scenic features in addition to +the Big Trees. The forests of sugar pine, yellow pine, fir, cedar, black oak, +and other trees are the noblest of their kind. Upland meadows painted +with flowers; many rushing rivers and creeks, as well as lakes well stocked +with trout; glacier-hewn valleys; monolithic rocks, and snow-capped +mountain peaks all contribute to furnish perfect conditions for enjoyment +of outdoor life and the study of nature. Below are listed but a few of its +scenic and other attractions.</p> + +<p><b><i>Middle Fork and Hospital Rock.</i></b>—The motorist first enters the park via +Ash Mountain headquarters, and the road leads up the gorge of the Middle +Fork of the Kaweah River.</p> + +<p>Hospital Rock, tourist center and public campground, is 5 miles beyond +Ash Mountain on the road to Giant Forest, at 2,700 feet elevation, and is an +all-year-round center of park activities. The Buckeye store sells general +supplies, photographs, films, curios, etc., and furnishes light meals and +overnight accommodations.</p> + +<p>At or near Hospital Rock are historical and scenic attractions of great +interest. There are Indian pictographs, and a mammoth boulder marks +the old headquarters of the Yokut Indians. Moro Rock towers 4,000 feet +above. The Kaweah River gorge is full of pools, cataracts, and waterfalls. +The fishing is excellent. Short-trail trips lead to the Giants Rock Pile, the +Big Pool, Buckeye Flat, Red Rock Gorge, and other interesting walks. +Deer are numerous and very tame in this vicinity.</p> + +<p>A narrow 2-mile road above Hospital Rock leads to Moro Creek, where +there is a public campground and point of departure for high mountain +trail trips. Magnificent views of the Great Western Divide, with its 12,000- and +13,000-foot peaks, may be had from this road.</p> + +<p>Buckeye Flat is a newly developed area on this road, half a mile above +Hospital Rock. This is a delightful public campground, beside the rushing +Middle Fork, with the usual accommodations. Though particularly beautiful +in the spring, it is attractive throughout the year.</p> + +<p>Paradise-Atwell Trail connects Atwell Mill Station on the East Fork +with Hospital Rock on the Middle Fork of the Kaweah River. It joins the +Atwell-Hockett Trail, permitting direct access to the Hockett Meadow +country from the Middle Fork district.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 362px;"><a href="images/illus014.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus014_s.jpg" width="362" height="568" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Grant photo.<br /> + +VIEW OF MORO ROCK FROM ROAD TO OLD COLONY MILL</span> +</a></div> + +<p>Continuing up the Middle Fork, under the shadow of the Great Western +Divide, is Redwood Meadow with its interesting grove of Big Trees. To +its left, at Bearpaw Meadow, a hikers' camp is maintained during the summer +season. The camp is within easy walking distance of Giant Forest +and is a convenient base for trips to Tamarack Lake, Hamilton Lake, or +Kaweah Gap.</p> + +<p><b><i>Giant Forest and surroundings.</i></b>—On a plateau ranging in elevation from +5,500 to 8,000 feet and running back to mountains 11,000 feet high. In +heart of park, including major woodland attractions, the Tokopah Valley, +and several lakes.</p> + +<p><b><i>East Fork or Atwell Mill region.</i></b>—The Mineral King Road leads through +this region to the resort of that name just outside the park at 7,800 feet +elevation. At Atwell Mill are to be found the finest stands of young Sequoia +in the park.</p> + +<p><b><i>The Atwell-Hockett Trail.</i></b>—This trail is built on the highest standards. +It permits easy travel, whether on foot or horse, and provides a direct route +from Atwell Mill into the Hockett Meadow country, famous for its miles +of plateau and meadows. Beyond Hockett Meadow is the Quinn Ranger +Station, also the fine Garfield Grove of Big Trees.</p> + +<p><b><i>South Fork or Hockett Meadow region.</i></b>—From Clough Cave Ranger Station, +at 3,000 feet, through the Garfield Grove to the fine camping and +fishing country at Hockett Meadows, 8,500 feet. Accessible by trail only.</p> + +<p><b><i>Kern Canyon district.</i></b>—This area of more than 300 square miles embraces +the upper Kern River, its tributaries, and the Kern Canyon. It is a wild, +immense country of forest, granite, lakes, and streams, varying in elevation +from 14,494.7 at the summit of Mount Whitney to 6,400 feet at the Kern +Canyon Ranger Station at the lower end of the canyon. Excellent camping +and fishing country. Accessible only by trail.</p> + + +<h3>OUTSTANDING VIEWS</h3> + +<p>Two miles by road or trail from Giant Forest is Moro Rock, one of the +great monoliths of the Sierra Nevada, others being El Capitan and Half +Dome in the Yosemite, and Tehipite Dome in the Kings River Canyon.</p> + +<p>Moro Rock is 6,719 feet above sea level and over 6,000 feet above the San +Joaquin Valley. From the summit, which is easily reached by a rock and +concrete stairway, to the silver streak of the Kaweah River at its base, is +an almost sheer drop of 4,119 feet. The panorama of the Sierra Nevada, +Alta Peak, the San Joaquin Valley, and the distant coast range is equal +to that otherwise obtained only by long and expensive pack trips to the +high mountains. Climbing Moro Rock is "mountaineering de luxe."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> + +<p>Hanging Rock, Moro Vista, Profile View, Echo Point, and Kaweah +Vista are viewpoints on the rocky escarpment of the Giant Forest Plateau +near Moro Rock. Each offers some special view or attraction. Hanging +Rock is a huge erratic boulder poised for a 3,000-foot drop to the yawning +canyon beneath. Echo Point and Profile View disclose unexpected profiles +of Moro Rock, and at the former a resonant echo reverberates from the +painted cliff across the chasm.</p> + +<p>Beetle and Sunset Rocks, a few hundred yards from Giant Forest camps, +are bold granite promontories overlooking the valley and the Marble +Canyon. They are favorite spots for picnic suppers and sunset views.</p> + +<p>Lodgepole Campgrounds and Tokopah Valley are 4½ miles by road from +Giant Forest. The former is the auto camp favored by those who want to +live in an open pine forest and beside running water. The swimming pool +here also attracts campers. Two miles above the campgrounds, by trail +along the north bank of the Marble Fork, is Tokopah Valley, of cameolike +beauty, hewn by glacial action from the ribs of the earth. It is a miniature +Yosemite, a narrow valley with towering cliffs, waterfalls, talus, meadows, +and moraine. It affords one of the favorite short hikes in the park.</p> + +<p>Colony Mill and Admiration Point, a 9-mile side trip by road from Giant +Forest, are often overlooked by visitors. The views from Colony Mill Ranger +Station are superb, while the mile side trip by trail down to Admiration +Point permits a view of the Marble Falls, a 2,000-foot cascade in seven +distinct waterfalls.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 582px;"><a href="images/illus016.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus016_s.jpg" width="582" height="326" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Hammond photo.<br /> + +ONE OF SEQUOIA'S MANY UPLAND MEADOWS</span> +</a></div> + +<p>Marble Fork Bridge, 4½ miles from Giant Forest, at an elevation of 5,000 +feet, is favored by those who like to be near a stream and to fish. It may be +reached by road or by the Sunset Trail. This is a favorite retreat with +hikers as well as fishermen. The setting is beautiful and the views especially +fine. A natural swimming pool adds to its attractiveness.</p> + +<p>By parking at the Little Baldy Saddle on the Generals Highway a fine +view may be had by hiking a mile and a quarter to the top of the dome. +The panorama spread out is a reward worth twice the effort expended.</p> + + +<h3>THE GIANT FOREST DISTRICT</h3> + +<p>The Giant Forest is the name given the largest grove of sequoias, which is +more than a grove. It is a Brobdingnagian forest. Here is found the General +Sherman Tree, perhaps the oldest and largest living thing, 36.5 feet at +its greatest diameter and 272.4 feet high. There are scores of trees almost +as large as the General Sherman, hundreds over 10 feet in diameter, and +many thousand from the seedling stage upward.</p> + +<p>In his book, Our National Parks, John Muir says, "* * * I entered +the sublime wilderness of the Kaweah Basin. This part of the Sequoia +belt seemed to me the finest, and I then named it 'The Giant Forest.' It +extends, a magnificent growth of giants grouped in pure temple groves, +ranged in colonnades along the sides of meadows or scattered among the +other trees, from the granite headlands overlooking the hot foothills and +plains of the San Joaquin back to within a few miles of the old glacier +fountains at an elevation of 5,000 to 8,400 feet above the sea."</p> + +<p>Giant Forest is also the name of the village beneath the sequoias where +the Giant Forest Lodge and the housekeeping and auto camps are situated. +Its summer population is about 3,000.</p> + + +<h4>THE MEADOWS</h4> + +<p>The beauty of the Giant Forest region is much enhanced by the many +upland meadows, flower-strewn from the first blossoming of the amethystine +cyclamen, or shooting stars in May, to the golden autumn glow of the +goldenrod in September. The best-known meadows are Round, Circle, +Crescent, and Log, all within 2 miles of Giant Forest Camp.</p> + + +<h3>THE SEQUOIAS</h3> + +<p>The California Big Trees must ever remain the supreme attraction of the +park, although for many the mountain scenery and the fishing are added +allurements. The Big Tree (<i>Sequoia gigantea</i>) is sometimes confused with the +redwood (<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>), the smaller species of Sequoia found only in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +the Coast Range of California. While <i>gigantea</i> approaches 40 feet in base +diameter, <i>sempervirens</i> rarely exceeds 20 feet. The wood is similar in color +and texture, but the foliage is distinct, and the bark of the Big Tree is much +thicker and of a rich red color, instead of a dull brown. The most distinctive +characteristic is that the Big Tree is reproduced only from the +seed while the redwood when cut down sprouts from the stump.</p> + +<p>There are many world-famous Big Trees in the Sequoia National Park, of +which the General Sherman is the largest and best known. But there are +scores or hundreds unnamed and almost equal to the General Sherman in +size and majesty.</p> + +<p>In addition to those noted for their size, the National Park Service has +named and signed many of singular form, burned by fire, struck by lightning, +or fallen in strange fashion. The trees which should be seen by all +visitors are:</p> + +<p><b><i>The General Sherman Tree.</i></b>—The largest, and perhaps the oldest living +thing. Discovered by James Wolverton, a hunter and trapper, on August +7, 1879, at which time he named the tree in honor of General Sherman, +under whom he had served during the Civil War as a first lieutenant in +the Ninth Indiana Cavalry.</p> + +<p>The age of the tree is unknown. It is estimated by those who have made +a study of the subject as between 3,000 and 4,000 years. During this time +it has withstood the ravages of countless fires, and, though greatly damaged, +it has continued to flourish, and today produces thousands of cones bearing +fertile seed from which many seedlings have been grown.</p> + +<p>The results of the fire damage are seen in the great wounds at the base of +the tree. Through repeated fires the sap-pumping system has been damaged, +and portions of the top have died; only 40 percent of live wood is in contact +with the ground. The Sequoia, however, has such recuperative power that +in time these fire scars will be completely healed.</p> + +<p>The dimensions of this tree are as follows:</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right"><i>Feet</i></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Height above mean base</td><td align="right">272.4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Base circumference</td><td align="right">101.6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Greatest base diameter</td><td align="right">36.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Mean base diameter</td><td align="right">32.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Diameter 60 feet above ground</td><td align="right">17.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Diameter 120 feet above ground</td><td align="right">17.0</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Height of largest branch</td><td align="right">130.0</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Diameter of largest branch</td><td align="right">6.8</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>For years there have been rival claims by various localities for the honor +of possessing the largest tree in the world. To settle these claims the California +State Chamber of Commerce and Fresno County Chamber of Commerce +conducted, in 1931, a tree-measuring expedition in Sequoia and +General Grant National Parks and vicinity.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 382px;"><a href="images/illus019.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus019_s.jpg" width="382" height="600" alt="GENERAL SHERMAN, THE KING OF THE SEQUOIAS" title="" /> +<span class="caption">GENERAL SHERMAN, THE KING OF THE SEQUOIAS</span> +</a></div> + +<p>The result of the work of several engineers gave the following comparative +volumes of the trunks of the four largest trees measured, exclusive of +limbs:</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right"><i>Board feet</i></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">General Sherman Tree</td><td align="right">600,120</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">General Grant Tree</td><td align="right">542,784</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Boole Tree</td><td align="right">496,728</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Hart Tree</td><td align="right">410,952</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The General Sherman Tree was shown to contain 57,336 board feet more +in volume than its nearest competitor and the King of the Sequoias retained +his crown.</p> + +<p><b><i>The Chimney Trees.</i></b>—There are two well-known Chimney Trees, one +being on the east side of Sherman Creek close to the trail from Sherman +Tree to Alta Peak, which is now the best preserved. The other Chimney +Tree is at the northeast end of Crescent Meadow and was badly burned +several years ago through the carelessness of somebody who left a campfire +burning. The Chimney Tree near Sherman Camp is a remarkable +example of vitality, as it is thrusting out new branches despite the fact +that its vitals are eaten away by fire.</p> + +<p><b><i>The Black Chamber.</i></b>—This is probably the most notable example of +vitality on the part of a Sequoia in the forest. About one-thirtieth of the +bark remains, and the whole interior has been eaten away by fire; nevertheless, +the tree still lives and thrusts out new branches each year. It is +located along the Crescent Meadow Road.</p> + + +<p>OTHER FAMOUS TREES</p> + +<p><b><i>Washington.</i></b>—Very impressive as to size.</p> + +<p><b><i>Abe Lincoln.</i></b>—Thirty-one feet in diameter, 259 feet high, a rugged, ancient-looking tree.</p> + +<p><b><i>Auto Log.</i></b>—A huge fallen giant upon which an auto may be driven with ease and safety.</p> + +<p><b><i>William McKinley.</i></b>—Twenty-eight feet in diameter, 291 feet high.</p> + +<p><b><i>The President.</i></b>—Twenty-nine feet in diameter, 250.2 feet high, wider at 120 than at +60 feet.</p> + +<p><b><i>Keyhole.</i></b>—Burned out "keyholes."</p> + +<p><b><i>Room Tree.</i></b>—Cavernous room within a standing tree.</p> + +<p><b><i>Stricken Tree.</i></b>—Rent by lightning, but still alive.</p> + +<p><b><i>Window Tree.</i></b>—Filigree appearance and many windows.</p> + +<p><b><i>Chief Sequoyah.</i></b>—Old with huge burls.</p> + +<p><b><i>Black Arch.</i></b>—Trail leads through charred, living giant.</p> + +<p><b><i>Roosevelt Tree.</i></b>—One of the most perfect in the forest.</p> + +<p><b><i>Pershing Tree.</i></b>—Named for Gen. John J. Pershing, has very richly colored bark.</p> + +<p><b><i>Cloister.</i></b>—Four trees in a square.</p> + +<p><b><i>Pillars of Hercules.</i></b>—Trail leads between two standing giants.</p> + +<p><b><i>Bear's Bathtub.</i></b>—A cavity between two trees, containing water, frequented by bears.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>ORIGIN OF THE NAME "SEQUOIA"</h4> + +<p>The naming of the Big Trees of California "Sequoia" is a fitting tribute +to that native American, a Cherokee Indian, who spelled his name +Se-quo-yah. An uneducated, non-English-speaking Indian, he perfected +a phonetic alphabet of 86 symbols with a character representing every +sound in the tongue of his tribe. It was said that with this alphabet, sometimes +characterized as one of the greatest ever invented, a Cherokee child +might learn to read and write the Cherokee language in a few days, and +that within a remarkably short time after the official acceptance of the +alphabet by the tribe every one of its members was able to read and write.</p> + +<p>The change brought about in the Cherokee Tribe by the introduction +of this means of expressing thought on paper was equally remarkable. A +printing press was established, type made of the various symbols, and the +news of the day printed in two newspapers. Their laws were printed in +Sequoyah's alphabet, and also the Gospels and many other books both +useful and interesting to the Cherokee people, who thus made rapid advance +in general knowledge and in civilization.</p> + + +<h4>THE GROVES</h4> + +<p>The Sequoias are sometimes found in groups or groves. Such is the +number of those near Giant Forest that it is scarcely an exaggeration to +say that many other known groves of the Big Trees in California might be +hidden in the Sequoia National Park and pass unnoticed. The principal +groves easily reached in Giant Forest are the Parker Group, Congress +Grove, Amphitheater Group, Founders' Group, and Huckleberry Meadow +Grove. There are 32 distinct groves or areas of Big Trees in the park.</p> + +<p>Descriptions of the Big Trees and of the other forest trees are found in +two pamphlets, The Secret of the Big Trees and The Forests of Yosemite, +Sequoia, and General Grant National Parks. These are for sale at the +naturalist's office for 5 and 10 cents, respectively.</p> + + +<h3>FISHING</h3> + +<p>Persons desiring to fish in the waters of the Sequoia National Park must +secure a fishing license, as required by the laws of California. These laws +provide that every person over the age of 18 who obtains fish without procuring +a license is guilty of a misdemeanor. The license fee for residents is +$2; for nonresidents, $3; and for aliens, $5. These licenses may be obtained +from any county clerk, from the State board of fish and game commissioners, +or from the representative of the commission at the general store in +Giant Forest.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p> + +<p>Fishing bulletins for the current year pertaining to park fishing regulations +may be obtained at entrance checking stations, park headquarters, or +from rangers.</p> + +<p>Park regulations as to daily catch, etc., are identical with those of the +State for the district by which the parks are surrounded, excepting in some +areas where excessive demand necessitates reduction of the daily limit. +Fishermen should obtain special bulletins at the park entrance stations.</p> + +<p>Fishing is permitted in all the streams and lakes of the Sequoia National +Park except in a few waters which are closed in order to increase the supply +of fish. Information as to these closed waters will be found posted at ranger +stations and near the waters.</p> + +<p>In the early part of the season excellent fishing may be had in an hour's +hike from Giant Forest. Later in the season it is necessary to go farther +afield, but the skillful angler is generally able to take the limit.</p> + +<p>Rainbow, Loch Leven, eastern brook, German brown, and golden are +the varieties of trout found in the park. The golden trout of Golden Trout +Creek has been introduced into several creeks and has done well.</p> + + +<h3>BATHING</h3> + +<p>In the Giant Forest district bathing may be enjoyed at Bridge Camp, +Lodgepole Camp, and at Heather Lake. Bathing pools are especially +marked, and on account of the danger of pollution of streams used for +domestic purposes, bathers must confine themselves to designated areas.</p> + +<p>The largest pool is located in the upper Lodgepole district.</p> + +<p>An excellent bathing pool is available at Hospital Rock Camp, and +many visitors stop here for a plunge en route to Giant Forest.</p> + + +<h3>FREE CAMPGROUNDS</h3> + +<p>The National Park Service maintains campgrounds for visitors traveling +in their own automobiles. The largest campgrounds are at Giant Forest, +Lodgepole, and Dorst Creek, where water is piped and modern sanitary +and garbage-disposal facilities are furnished at about 600 camp sites. +Camping is limited to 30 days in any area each year.</p> + +<p>Inquiries about free public campgrounds should be addressed to the +Superintendent, Sequoia National Park, Calif.</p> + + +<h3>PAY ACCOMMODATIONS</h3> + +<p>Reservations or inquiries regarding hotel, housekeeping, and pay auto-camp +accommodations should be directed to Giant Forest Lodge, Sequoia +National Park, Calif., specifying, in detail, number of persons, types of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +accommodations required, and particular lodge or camp desired. Telephone +or telegraph messages should be sent to Manager, Giant Forest +Lodge, Sequoia National Park.</p> + + +<h3>MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES</h3> + + +<h4>POST OFFICE</h4> + +<p>Visitors to Sequoia should have mail addressed to Sequoia National Park, +Calif. Guests of the Giant Forest Lodge or Camp Kaweah should have +their mail addressed care of either resort, but Sequoia National Park must +be added as the post-office addressed.</p> + + +<h4>TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SERVICE</h4> + +<p>There is long-distance telephone and telegraph service from all main +points in Sequoia National Park.</p> + +<p>Telegrams should be addressed Sequoia National Park, Calif., bearing in +addition the particular camp or lodge address.</p> + + +<h4>MEDICAL SERVICE</h4> + +<p>A resident physician is on duty at Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, +during the summer months, and a small hospital is maintained at Giant +Forest.</p> + + +<h4>RELIGIOUS SERVICES</h4> + +<p>Both Catholic and Protestant services are held regularly on Sundays +during the summer season. Times and places of all services are announced +on the bulletin boards and at Saturday evening camp fires.</p> + + +<h4>GIANT FOREST LIBRARY</h4> + +<p>From about June 15 to September 1 a branch of the Tulare County Free +Library is maintained at Giant Forest. Books on subjects related to the +park, especially its history, fauna, flora, etc., are available or will be secured +upon request. In addition, a large library of books on fiction and nonfiction +subjects is maintained.</p> + + +<h3>SPECIAL WINTER ATTRACTIONS</h3> + +<p>Full winter conditions exist at Lodgepole and at Giant Forest during the +months of December to March, when the Big Trees are surrounded by a +blanket of snow from 2 to 12 feet deep. The snow sports common to +northern climates and resorts are indulged in here during these months. +Skis, toboggans, and snowshoes may be rented from the operating company,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +as well as heavy clothing desirable for this climate. The winter +sports have become so popular that it is advisable that reservations for +accommodations be made in advance.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 363px;"><a href="images/illus024.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus024_s.jpg" width="363" height="566" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Cuesta photo.<br /> +WINTER MAGIC +</span> +</a></div> + +<p>For those who desire to make the day trip only, the National Park Service +maintains public camps or picnic grounds at Beetle Rock. A ranger is +on duty at all times and is anxious to show the park and make the stay +of visitors as enjoyable and profitable as possible.</p> + +<p>The operating company issues a leaflet advising people of accommodations, +prices, etc. This can be obtained on application to the superintendent.</p> + +<p>It is always advisable when driving in the mountains during the winter +to carry tire chains, although even in midwinter it is often possible to drive +to the Big Trees without them.</p> + +<p>Every effort is made by park authorities to keep the Big Trees accessible +during the winter months. Sequoia Park is now well known as one of the +few places in California where winter vacationists from other sections of the +country may be sure of seeing the giant Sequoias.</p> + + +<h3>OTHER ATTRACTIONS</h3> + +<p>"Bear Hill" is the name given to the spot near the incinerator, where +many bears gather to feed daily. The best time to see them is from noon +to 7 p. m., when an attendant is on hand, but they are frequently there +throughout the day. A ranger naturalist gives a 10-minute talk daily on +the habits and characteristics of the bears. The road to Bear Hill branches +from the Moro Road near the new village site.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 585px;"><a href="images/illus025.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus025_s.jpg" width="585" height="304" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Padilla Studios photo.<br /> + +SKIING PARTY LEAVING CAMP KAWEAH</span> +</a></div> + +<p>Tharp Cabin, in Log Meadow, one-half mile from end of auto road at +Crescent Meadow, may also be reached by Circle and Congress Trails from +Alta Trail. This hollow Sequoia log was occupied by Hale Tharp, Three +Rivers pioneer and discoverer of Giant Forest in 1858. John Muir stayed +several days in this unique "house in a log" in 1875 and has immortalized +the "noble den", as he called it, and the surrounding Sequoias and meadows +in his book, <i>Our National Parks</i>. The cabin is maintained in its original +condition and constitutes an interesting museum.</p> + + +<h3>MUSEUM, LECTURE, AND TRAIL GUIDE SERVICE</h3> + +<p>The National Park Service encourages all forms of outdoor activities, but +special attention is paid to fostering a knowledge of the wildlife and natural +beauty which the parks were created to preserve. At Giant Forest a small +collection of specimens is on display at the naturalist's office during the +summer season for the enjoyment of visitors. Lectures given daily by ranger +naturalists at Sherman Tree, Moro Rock, and elsewhere present facts of +interest at these stations.</p> + +<p>The park naturalist is in charge of the guide service. During the summer +months camp-fire lectures are given and trail hikes and automobile caravans +are conducted. Both half-day and all-day trips are taken, with variety +enough to cover all types of interest. Giant Forest Administration Building +is the headquarters of this increasingly popular service.</p> + +<p>The Giant Forest Lodge campfire is held every night at the lodge under +the Sequoias, where community singing, nature and historical talks, music, +and general entertainment are provided. This is free to the public, and +all visitors are invited to participate.</p> + +<p>The Park Service conducts similar programs at Sunset and Lodgepole +Camps every evening. Park visitors are cordially invited to assist in making +these programs a success by contribution of their talents.</p> + +<p>Following the campfires, the dance hall is open every evening, except +Sunday, from about the middle of June until September 1.</p> + +<p>The social life at Giant Forest is one of the great attractions and holds +many people beyond the time allotted for the visit. The average population +is about 3,000 people.</p> + + +<h3>THE TRAILS</h3> + +<p>One of the most pleasing features of Giant Forest is the number of forest +trails leading from it that afford interesting half-day or all-day excursions. +Perhaps nowhere else is it possible to hike so easily for hours through such +forests of sequoia, pine, and fir. Many of the trails are oiled to eliminate +dust. The trail system is well signed, and the map in this pamphlet is used<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> +by many as a guide. It would be impossible to enumerate all the points +of attraction or combination trips which can be made. New ones are +opened every year. The following are the principal trails and attractions:</p> + +<p><b><i>Alta Trail.</i></b>—Nine miles from Giant Forest to Alta Peak (11,211 feet); passes through +the Plateau of the Giant Trees and Panther, Mehrten, and Alta Meadows. The view +from Alta Peak has been pronounced by members of the Sierra Club as fine as any in the +California mountains. It is the nearest point to Giant Forest from which Mount Whitney +may be seen. Horses may be ridden to the summit. Alta Meadows is a delightful place +to camp. A full day should be allowed for this trip.</p> + +<p><b><i>Trail of the Sequoias.</i></b>—Connects the High Sierra Trail from the saddle near Crescent +Meadow, 3.7 miles to the Alta Trail, and passes through Big Tree groves rarely seen by +the public before the opening of this trail.</p> + +<p><b><i>Circle, Crescent, and Congress Trails.</i></b>—All lead from the Alta Trail through the +thickest Sequoia forests to meadows and mammoth trees within 2 miles of Giant Forest. +From 2 hours to 2 days could be spent covering this area.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 438px;"><a href="images/illus027.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus027_s.jpg" width="438" height="384" alt="YOUNG VISITORS EXAMINING THE ANNULAR RINGS OF A BIG TREE" title="" /> +<span class="caption">YOUNG VISITORS EXAMINING THE ANNULAR RINGS OF A BIG TREE</span> +</a></div> + +<p><b><i>Soldier and Bear Hill Trails.</i></b>—Lead from Giant Forest, 2 miles to Moro Rock, passing +near the Parker Group and past the Roosevelt Tree, Hanging Rock, and other points. +A half-day stroll.</p> + +<p><b><i>Sugar Pine Trail.</i></b>—From Moro Rock, 1½ miles along the plateau edge to Crescent +Meadow and Kaweah Vista, with side trip to Bobcat Point.</p> + +<p><b><i>Twin Lakes Trail.</i></b>—From Lodgepole Camp, 5 miles to Clover Creek, and 2 miles +farther to Twin Lakes, famous for unsurpassed scenic setting at 9,750 feet, and for good +trout fishing. Several hundred feet above Twin Lakes on Silliman Shoulder is one of the +finest panoramas of mountain scenery in the world. A day is well spent on this trail.</p> + +<p><b><i>The Watchtower and Heather Lake Trails.</i></b>—These two trails lead to major scenic +spots. From the Watchtower there is a 2,000-foot drop to Tokopah Valley; and Heather, +Emerald, and Aster Lakes are mountain jewels on the west slopes of Alta Peak. All of +these trips may be made from Giant Forest in half a day, although it is preferable to allow +a full day for them. Ranger naturalists conduct nature hikes to these points during the +summer.</p> + +<p><b><i>The High Sierra Trail.</i></b>—This trail, one of the finest mountain routes in America, +extends from the Big Trees of the Giant Forest to the summit of Mount Whitney (14,494.7 +feet), the highest mountain in continental United States. In Sequoia National Park the +largest trees in the world are now linked by a splendid trail to the highest mountain peak +in the country.</p> + +<p>The main features along the High Sierra Trail, with distances shown from Giant Forest, +are: Bearpaw Meadow, 12 miles, with view of waterfalls, great cliffs, and River Valley; +Hamilton Lake, 16 miles, conceded by those who know the Sierra Nevada to be the +"cream of Sierran scenery"; Hamilton Gorge suspension bridge, 18 miles; Kaweah Gap, +20 miles, with expansive views of Kaweah peaks and main crest of the Sierra Nevada, as +well as the Big Arroyo immediately below; Moraine Lake, 30 miles; Kern Canyon at +Funston Meadows, 34½ miles; Kern Hot Springs, 37 miles; Junction Meadow, 44 miles; +Crabtree Meadow, 54½ miles; Mount Whitney summit, 62 miles. From the summit of +Mount Whitney there are 13 miles of trail down the east side to end of automobile road, +at Whitney Portal, 16 miles from the town of Lone Pine.</p> + +<p>Meals and comfortable beds may be obtained at reasonable rates at the outpost station +located at Ibex Meadow, making a trip possible to the summit of Mount Whitney and +return from the east side without the necessity of packing heavy supplies and equipment.</p> + + +<h3>FAUNA AND FLORA</h3> + +<p><b><i>California mule deer.</i></b>—So-called because of their large ears. They are +abundant everywhere and often tame near campgrounds.</p> + +<p><b><i>American black bear.</i></b>—Found throughout the park and are very plentiful +at Giant Forest during the spring and early summer months, where several +at one time may be seen at the Bear Hill. These bears are not ferocious, +and under all ordinary circumstances will run from man. Young of the +same litter often vary in color from cinnamon to brown or black. Visitors +must not feed the bears. They are fed daily from camp garbage.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 380px;"><a href="images/illus029.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus029_s.jpg" width="380" height="600" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">HAMILTON LAKE WITH PRECIPITOUS PEAKS IN BACKGROUND<br /> +Padilla Studios photo. +</span> +</a></div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"><a href="images/illus030.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus030_s.jpg" width="800" height="592" alt="" title="" /> +</a></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/illus031.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus031_s.jpg" width="600" height="298" alt="MOTHER BEAR WITH HER TWO CUBS" title="" /> +<span class="caption">MOTHER BEAR WITH HER TWO CUBS</span> +</a></div> + +<p><b><i>Columbia gray squirrel.</i></b>—A delight to the eye as it dashes across a road or +trail, a blue-gray furry vision that at times appears to be all tail—the largest +squirrel.</p> + +<p><b><i>Douglas squirrel or Sierra chickaree.</i></b>—Very abundant and thrusts itself +upon the public by its quarrelsome and scolding disposition. About two-thirds +the size of the gray squirrel, and gray-brown in color.</p> + +<p><b><i>Chipmunks of several species.</i></b>—The Alpine, Sierra Nevada, and Sequoia +are abundant everywhere in the pine and Sequoia. They become very tame +and steal from campers' tables or food supplies.</p> + +<p><b><i>Sierra golden-mantled ground squirrel.</i></b>—Often mistakenly called a chipmunk +and having much the same habits. At Giant Forest it is as abundant +as the chipmunk and may be distinguished by its golden color and larger +size.</p> + +<p><b><i>California Valley ground squirrel.</i></b>—Has recently arrived at Giant Forest, +but it is not plentiful enough to do damage.</p> + +<p>In addition to the above, marmots, mountain lions, wildcats, mountain +beaver, coyotes, foxes, trade rats, and other animals are found in the park. +Information about them may be had at ranger stations, the museum, or +the superintendent's office.</p> + +<p>The birds commonly noticed by visitors near Giant Forest are the blue +fronted or stellar jay, western tanager, western robin, chickadee, junco, +red-shafted flicker, white-headed woodpecker, several warblers, sparrows, +and finches. The golden eagle and the red-tailed hawk are sometimes seen +from Moro Rock. A list of all the birds may be obtained at the Giant +Forest Administration Building.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> + +<p>Even a slight acquaintance with the park flora will vastly increase the +pleasure of your visit, and park rangers will gladly answer inquiries.</p> + +<p>The trees most noticed near Giant Forest are the Big Trees, sugar pine, +yellow pine, white and red fir; the western white pine and the lodgepole +pine are found higher up; the incense cedar is abundant; lower down are +many varieties of oak, maple, and other hardwoods.</p> + +<p>Among shrubs and bushes, the many kinds of sweet-scented ceanothus or +deer brush, manzanita, chokecherry, chinquapin, and dogwood are most +noticed.</p> + +<p>The flowers which by their profusion and brilliancy most attract attention +are, among myriads, the lupine, yucca, goldenrod, shooting star, ragwort, +Queen Ann's lace, bears clover, false hellebore, many gilias, pentstemons, +and monkey flowers.</p> + + +<h3>KERN CANYON AND MOUNT WHITNEY</h3> + +<p>The entire upper watershed of the Kern River, and the widely known +Kern Canyon, added to the park in 1926, is a spectacular area containing +the roughest and loftiest peaks of the entire Sierra Nevada, with Mount +Whitney at 14,494.7 feet elevation, the highest point in continental United +States, only barely thrusting its head above many others of nearly equal +height. In the center of this mass of mountain wonderland is the Kern +Canyon, with its colorful walls 3,000 feet high extending north and south +25 miles. Hot springs and mineral springs are added attractions, while +fishing is unsurpassed anywhere in the Sierra. A minimum of 2 weeks for +a trip either by pack or foot is necessary adequately to cover the wonders +of this region, but it may be reached in 1 day from Mineral King to Kern +Canyon Station (Camp Lewis or Soda Springs). The new High Sierra +Trail has linked the Big Trees of Giant Forest to the Kern Canyon by a +graded trail. It is a good 2-day journey from Giant Forest to Kern Canyon.</p> + + +<h3>MOUNTAINEERING</h3> + +<p>The peaks of the Sierra Nevada and Great Western Divide, as well as +the Kaweah Peaks, in Sequoia National Park, offer excellent opportunities +for mountaineering. Devotees of this greatest of outdoor sports are visiting +the park in increasing numbers. Those interested in mountaineering in +the park should communicate with the Sierra Club. Members of that +club have made some notable ascents and are fully conversant with the +technique of climbing in the Sierra of California.</p> + +<p>Among the high peaks in the park, many of them over 14,000 feet, which +offer opportunities for mountaineering may be mentioned Mount Whitney,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> +highest in the United States outside of Alaska, Muir, Langley, Russell, +Tyndall, Williamson, Junction, Stanford, Table, Milestone, Kaweah, Sawtooth, +and Silliman.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 583px;"><a href="images/illus033.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus033_s.jpg" width="583" height="371" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE VALHALLA AS SEEN FROM THE HIGH SIERRA TRAIL<br /> + +Padilla Studios photo. +</span> +</a></div> + +<p>Of the approximately 60 peaks in the United States over 14,000 feet, +13 are in California; and of these, 6—Whitney, Muir, Langley, Russell, +Barnard, and Tyndall—are in Sequoia National Park.</p> + +<p>Information about mountaineering may be obtained by applying to the +superintendent of the park, or at any ranger station therein. Full information +about equipment and types of climbs may be obtained by writing to the +secretary of the Sierra Club, Mills Tower, San Francisco.</p> + + +<h3>PACK TRIPS TO HIGH SIERRA</h3> + +<p>Many inquiries are received relative to hiking and pack trips in the Sierra +within and adjacent to the Sequoia National Park. The following information +about maps, trails, camps, routes, etc., will be useful to prospective +visitors; but in view of the wild nature of the territory and inaccuracy of +existing maps, the information must be accepted with reservations.</p> + +<p>The country from the Sequoia National Park to Yosemite National Park +is shown on the United States Geological Survey quadrangles: Kaweah, +Tehipite, Mount Whitney, Olancha, Mount Morrison, Mount Goddard, +Bishop, Mount Lyell, Kaiser, and Yosemite. The John Muir Trail crosses +parts of these quadrangles. Maps of these areas are based on surveys made +from 15 to 25 years ago, with only slight corrections since, and the trails and +other artificial features have undergone many changes. These maps may +be obtained from the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., +or from the superintendent, Sequoia National Park, Calif., at 10 cents each. +The parts of the maps of the Tehipite, Kaweah, Mount Whitney, and +Olancha quadrangles included within the Sequoia National Park are +printed on a single sheet, which may be obtained for 25 cents from the +chief ranger, or at the Giant Forest naturalist's office.</p> + +<p>Sequoia National Park and the area surrounding it includes a region of as +great diversity and wild grandeur as any area of equal size in America. +Here are more than 75 peaks over 11,000 feet in elevation, of which 7 are +more than 14,000 feet, 35 over 13,000 feet, and 20 more than 12,000 feet +high. Here are at least 200 high mountain lakes, and over 300 miles of +streams containing the famous golden and Kern River rainbow trout. +Good mountain trails traverse this area and lead to the outstanding points +of interest.</p> + +<p>Camping places and fenced pastures are available, so that parties may<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> +make camp in comfortable places that also provide adequate facilities for +the horses.</p> + +<p>Pack outfits start for the high mountains during the season. Packing into +the High Sierra starts from Giant Forest and Hospital Rock Camps in the +park, from points near the park such as at Three Rivers, the Maxon Ranch, +and Mineral King, from points in the national forests both north and south, +and from Owens Valley towns to the east.</p> + +<p>Giant Forest, elevation 6,500 feet, because of its excellent accommodations +and general activities of a mountain resort, is becoming more popular +each year as a point of departure for the High Sierra. Automobiles left +at Giant Forest will be cared for by the park operators and canvas covers +furnished.</p> + +<p>Main trails lead north from Giant Forest via J. O. Pass to the Kings +Canyon, Roaring River, and Sugarloaf districts north of the park; east +and south via High Sierra Trail or Redwood Meadows to the Kern Canyon +and Mount Whitney in the park; by either Kaweah Gap or Black Rock Pass +to the Big Arroyo or by Timber Gap to Mineral King and a choice of trails +southward to the Kern River in the lower canyon.</p> + +<p>Three Rivers, on the paved highway and a few miles below the park +entrance, is the local center for packers and guides to the High Sierra. +There are hotel accommodations, stores, and post office located here.</p> + +<p>Mineral King, 7,800 feet elevation, 32 miles above Three Rivers by +mountain road, is in the Sequoia National Forest, which here forms an +indentation from the south into the park area. It is a center for pack +outfits and guides and an excellent place from which to leave for Kern +Canyon, Mount Whitney, and the High Sierra. There are limited hotel +accommodations, a store, and post office.</p> + +<p>Lone Pine and Independence, on the east side of the Sierra on the +Midland Trail, are centers for pack outfits. Good hotels, stores, garages, +and other conveniences are available at these and other towns in the +Owens Valley.</p> + + +<h4>KERN RIVER CANYON</h4> + +<p>From Giant Forest the Kern is best reached by way of the High Sierra +Trail to Hamilton Lake or Big Arroyo, first day; Moraine Lake or Funston +Meadow in Kern Canyon, second day.</p> + +<p>From Mineral King to the Kern there are several alternative routes, +and the trip may be made by way of Franklin Pass and Rattlesnake Creek +in 1 long day; or Franklin Pass and Soda Creek; or by Farewell Gap, +Rifle Creek, and Coyote Pass. It is 1 long day or 2 easy days from Mineral +King to the Kern by either Franklin or Coyote Passes.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>KERN RIVER CANYON TO KINGS RIVER CANYON</h4> + +<p>The trail generally used in the past between these canyons is not shown +on the United States Geological Survey topographic map, but passed +through Shepherd and Junction Passes east of Junction Peak to the headwaters +of the Kings at Center Basin. This has been replaced by a new trail +direct from Tyndall Creek to Center Basin, passing just west of Junction +Peak over Foresters Pass. It is known as the John Muir Trail Cut-off. +In addition to this route, there is a rough but passable trail from Junction +Meadow, near the head of the Kern Canyon, via the Kern-Kaweah +River and Colby Pass to Cloud Canyon and the Roaring River section of +the Kings.</p> + + +<h4>KINGS RIVER CANYON</h4> + +<p>At an elevation of 6,600 feet, General Grant National Park and places +nearby at Hume and Big Meadow are points of departure for the Kings +Canyon, Sugarloaf, and Roaring River areas. The most direct routes to +these areas are from this park. Good hotel and camping facilities, post +office, stores, telephone, and telegraph, repair shops, etc., are located in +General Grant National Park.</p> + +<p>From the Kings Canyon main trails lead out as follows: Up Copper +Creek and via Granite Basin to Simpson Meadow (and down the Middle +Fork to Tehipite Valley and Dome), north from Simpson Meadow to John +Muir Trail, and over Muir Pass via LeConte Canyon to Yosemite; up Paradise +Valley to Woods Creek and John Muir Trail over Pinchot Pass to the +upper basin of the South Fork of the Kings River; up Bubbs Creek to intersection +with John Muir Trail, or over Kearsarge Pass to the Owens Valley, +or via Center Basin, Junction, and Shepherd Passes to the Kern Canyon.</p> + + +<h4>SUGARLOAF AND ROARING RIVER</h4> + +<p>This fine scenic area is covered from Giant Forest via J. O. Pass or Silliman +Pass entrances to the park, Rowell Meadow, Sugarloaf Meadow, +Scaffold Meadow, up Deadman Canyon to Elizabeth Pass, to Bearpaw +Meadow, and to Giant Forest.</p> + + +<h4>THE JOHN MUIR TRAIL</h4> + +<p>The John Muir Trail from Mount Whitney, in the Sequoia National +Park, to the Yosemite Valley, in the Yosemite Park, is not clearly defined +for all of the way on existing maps, but information concerning it may be +secured by writing to the superintendent.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>MOUNT WHITNEY</h4> + +<p>From the Kern, Mount Whitney is reached either by the new Wallace +Creek or Golden Trout Creek Trails. The Wallace Creek Trail leaves the +Kern Canyon about a mile and a half north of the mouth of Junction +Meadow. The Golden Trout Trail leaves the lower end of the canyon near +Kern Canyon Ranger Station. At Camp Lewis, near the Kern Canyon +Station entrance to the park, is a small resort, with store and accommodations, +and telephone communication.</p> + +<p>An outpost tourist camp is maintained at Ibex Meadow on Lone Pine +Creek, and a special 3-day round trip from Lone Pine to Mount Whitney +and return is provided by a Lone Pine packing outfit. Arrangements have +also been made by the same packer for an all-expense trip from Los Angeles +and return. Lone Pine may be reached by automobile from the San +Joaquin Valley at Bakersfield, or direct from Los Angeles through Mojave.</p> + + +<h3>PERMITTED PACKERS</h3> + +<p>All packers expecting to conduct parties through the Sequoia National +Park should obtain a permit from the superintendent. Parties may then be +taken through the park, subject to the National Park Service rules and +regulations. Business may only be solicited within the park by the Sequoia +& General Grant National Parks Co. (Earl McKee, Three Rivers, Calif.).</p> + + +<h3>ACCOMMODATIONS</h3> + +<p>The following is a general scale of rates for accommodations, subject to +change upon approval by the Secretary of the Interior. A detailed schedule +of rates may be procured upon application to the superintendent of the +park, the Sequoia & General Grant National Parks Co., at the station upon +entrance to the park, or travel bureaus.</p> + +<p>American plan—Rate includes room and three meals.</p> + +<p>European plan—Rate includes room only, with extra charge for meals as +taken.</p> + +<p>Housekeeping—Rate includes furnished cabin or bungalow tent room +with equipment for preparation of meals by occupant.</p> + +<p>American-plan and housekeeping accommodations are available in the +park throughout the year. Giant Forest Lodge, Camp Kaweah, and Pinewood +Shelter Camp are open from May 25 to September 8. Giant Forest +Winter Camp (American plan and housekeeping) opens September 8 and +closes May 25. Hospital Rock Camp (European plan and housekeeping) +is open all the year. For week ends and holidays, American-plan reservations<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> +should be made in advance. Reservations for housekeeping accommodations +are always necessary, and a $5 deposit should accompany each +request for a housekeeping camp. Address the Sequoia & General Grant +National Parks Co., Sequoia National Park, Calif.</p> + +<p>At Giant Forest Lodge, a colony of rustic cabins under the Big Trees +with a central community group for meals, campfire entertainment, etc., +the rates range from $5 a day each for two persons in a room without +bath to $8 for one person in a 1-room cabin with private bath. There is +no charge for children under 3; half rates for those up to 11. The rates for +meals only are 75 cents for breakfast, $1 for luncheon, and $1.25 for dinner. +Discounts for longer stays.</p> + +<p>Camp Kaweah, situated opposite the village store, is comprised of bungalow +tents and rustic cabins grouped around a central building containing +bathrooms and other modern conveniences. They are completely equipped +for housekeeping, including linen and the laundering of the same. By the +day, the cost ranges from $2 for one person and $3 for two persons to $4.50 +for five persons in a camp. By the week, the cost ranges from $12 for one +person and $16.50 for two persons to $27 for five persons in a camp. +Children under 3 years of age, no charge. European-plan accommodations +are also available here at a cost ranging from $2 for one person to $1.25 +each per day for three in a room. Children 3 to 10 years, half rate on +European-plan accommodations.</p> + +<p>Pinewood Shelter Camp is about a mile from Giant Forest on the Generals +Highway. For 1 or for 2 persons a cabin costs $1.50 a day; each additional +person, 50 cents. These cabins are not equipped with bedding +or cooking utensils, but such articles may be rented at the camp if desired.</p> + +<p>Hospital Rock Camp, on the Generals Highway, about midway between +Ash Mountain entrance and Giant Forest, offers housekeeping accommodations +at the same rates as those for Pinewood Shelter Camp. Supplies +may be purchased at the central building, where there is also a lunch +counter.</p> + +<p>European-plan accommodations may also be obtained at the rate of +$2 for 1 person, $1.50 each for 2, $1.25 each for 3 or more in a room.</p> + +<p>Bearpaw Meadow Camp, along the High Sierra Trail, 11½ miles from +Giant Forest, provides meals and tent accommodations for hikers and +horseback riders. Lodging per person, $1.50 per night. All meals, $1 +each.</p> + +<p>Giant Forest Winter Camp offers both American plan and housekeeping +accommodations as well as a coffee shop, a la carte service, at reasonable +rates.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p> + +<p>A colony of sealed rustic cabins at Camp Kaweah has been constructed +especially for winter use. Rates, American plan, are from $5 a day +each for 2 persons in a room, without bath, to $8 a day for 1 person in a +room, with private bath. Meals: Breakfast, 75 cents; lunch and dinner, +$1 each. Children: Under 3, no charge; 3 to 10, inclusive, half rate. For +housekeeping cabins: 1 person in room, 2 days or less, $2.50 per day; more +than 2 days, $2 each per day; per week, $12. Two persons, 2 days or less, +$2 each per day; more than 2 days, $1.50 each per day; per week, $9 each. +Three or more persons, 2 days or less, $1.50 each per day; more than 2 +days, $1.25 each per day; per week, $7 each. Housekeeping cabins, partially +equipped, are available at the rates given for Pinewood Shelter Camp.</p> + +<p>Winter sports equipment and wearing apparel may be rented by the +hour or day.</p> + + +<h4>TRANSPORTATION AND SPECIAL TOURS</h4> + +<p>The Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Co. operates an auto +stage daily from June 10 to September 10 over a Circle Tour route, in one +direction only from Fresno, Visalia, and Exeter through both Sequoia and +General Grant National Parks. Stage leaves Fresno 8:15 a. m., passing +through Visalia and Exeter, arriving at Giant Forest, Sequoia National +Park, about 12:15 p. m. Stage leaves Giant Forest about 1:45 p. m. for +return trip to Fresno by way of General Grant National Park over the +spectacular new Generals Highway arriving at Fresno 6:30 p. m. Fare for +round trip from Fresno, Exeter, or Visalia, $10.</p> + +<p>For the convenience of visitors in planning their trip a 2-day all expense +tour called "Two National Parks in Two Days" is featured over this route. +This tour provides an overnight stop at Giant Forest Lodge, Sequoia +National Park, with all meals and lodging, a sightseeing trip in Giant +Forest, sightseeing stop in General Grant National Park, and complete +transportation in connection with stage schedule outlined above. Fare for +2-day all expense tour, $17.50. There is a shorter trip of 1 day and also +hotel bus service. Regular and special sightseeing trips are available in +Sequoia National Park and over the Generals Highway to General Grant +National Park and the Kings River Canyon at reasonable rates.</p> + +<p>From September 11 to June 9 "On Call" service by advance reservation +is provided from Visalia and Exeter to Giant Forest, Sequoia National +Park, and return the same route.</p> + + +<h4>HORSEBACK TRIPS</h4> + +<p>The park's 700 miles of trails are a challenge to visitors, and horseback +riding is a favorite way of enjoying them. Saddle horses are rented by the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> +Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Co. to experienced riders +without guides for use in the areas between the Sherman Tree and Moro +Rock at $2.50 a half day and $4 a day. A burro may be had for 25 cents +an hour or $1.50 a day. For a minimum party of four persons, half-day +trips will be made to the following places at a cost of $3 each: Through +Giant Forest, Keyhole Tree, High Pine, Abe Lincoln Tree, Congress +Circle, Bear's Bathtub, Huckleberry Meadow, John Muir's Home, and +many other places of special interest.</p> + +<p>For parties of four persons or more, 1-day horseback trips at a cost of $4 +each may be made to Alta Peak for views of Kaweah Canyon, the Great +Western Divide, and Mount Whitney, and to Twin Lakes and Heather +Lake. For smaller parties, the charge is slightly more.</p> + +<p>A 3-day all-expense trip to Bearpaw Meadow and surroundings can be +arranged.</p> + + +<h4>HIGH SIERRA PACK TRIPS</h4> + +<p>The park is the starting point for the best of California's High Sierra +country, including such famous regions as Kings River Canyon, Kearsarge +Pass, Kern River Canyon, and Mount Whitney. For a trip of less than +4 days, saddle horses or packing mules will cost $2 a day; 4 days or more +$1.50 a day. The services of guides and packers $5 a day. Cooks cost +$6 a day. Pack donkeys, including outfits, $1.50 a day; $7 a week. Outdoor +clothing and equipment, such as riding breeches, blankets, dunnage +bags, and the like, may be rented at Giant Forest.</p> + +<p>This booklet is issued once a year, and the rates mentioned herein may +have changed slightly since issuance, but the latest rates approved by the +Secretary of the Interior are on file with the superintendent.</p> + + +<h3>GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK</h3> + +<p>In close proximity is General Grant National Park. Although its area +is small, only 4 square miles, it contains two magnificent groves of big +trees, including the famous General Grant Tree, dedicated several years +ago as the Nation's Christmas Tree. The visitor will miss a treat unless +he takes the loop around the two parks by way of the Generals Highway.</p> + +<p>Services and accommodations similar to those at Sequoia are available.</p> + +<p>A circular of information on General Grant National Park is published +by the National Park Service and may be obtained at either park headquarters.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/illus041.jpg"> +<img src="images/illus041_s.jpg" width="600" height="383" alt="WINTER SCENE IN GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK" title="" /> +<span class="caption">WINTER SCENE IN GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK<br /> +<i>Roberts photo.</i> +</span> +</a></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h3>REFERENCES</h3> + + +<blockquote class="hang"><p><span class="smcap">Albright, Horace M.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Taylor, Frank J.</span> Oh, Ranger! A book about the +national parks. Illustrated.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Campbell and Abbot.</span> Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1910.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evermann, Barton W.</span> The Golden Trout of the Southern High Sierra. Bulletin of +the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 25, for 1925.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Farquhar, Francis P.</span> Exploration of the Sierra Nevada. California Historical Society +Quarterly. Vol. IV, 1925.</p> + +<p>—— Place Names of the High Sierra. Sierra Club, San Francisco, Calif. 1926.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Frothingham, Robert.</span> Trails Through the Golden West. Robert M. McBride & Co., +New York.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Fry, Walter</span>, and <span class="smcap">White, John R.</span> The Big Trees. A book about the Sequoias. +Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif. 1930. Illustrated.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hall, Ansel F.</span> Guide to Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. 1930. Illustrated.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Jeffers, Le Roy.</span> The Call of the Mountains. 282 pp. Illustrated. Dodd, Mead & +Co. 1922. The Kings and Kern River Regions on pp. 155-173.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Jepson, W. L.</span> The Silva of California. Memoirs of the University of California, vol. 2, +1910. 480 pp. Illustrated.</p> + +<p>—— The Trees of California. 1923. 228 pp. Illustrated.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Kelley</span>, <span class="smcap">Edgemond</span>, and <span class="smcap">Chick</span>. Three Scout Naturalists in the National Parks. A book +by three Eagle Scouts who made a 12,000-mile trip through the western national parks.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">King, Clarence.</span> Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Lawson, Andrew C.</span> Geomorphogeny of the Upper Kern Basin. University Press. +Berkeley, Calif. 1904.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Langley, S. P.</span> Researches on Solar Heat. A Report of the Mount Whitney Expedition. +Prof. Papers of the Signal Service, No. 15, 1884.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">LeConte, Joseph N.</span> The High Sierra of California—Alpina Americana. Published by +the American Alpine Club, Philadelphia, Pa. 1907.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Muir, John.</span> Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp. Illustrated. Sequoia and General +Grant National Parks on pp. 268-330.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mills, Enos A.</span> Your National Parks. 532 pp. Illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., +1917. Sequoia and General Grant National Parks on pp. 99-115, 455-459.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rolfe, Mary A.</span> Our National Parks, Book Two. A supplementary reader on the +national parks for fifth and sixth grade students. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago. +1928.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sierra Club Bulletin.</span> Published by the Sierra Club, San Francisco, Calif.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stewart, George W.</span> Big Trees of the Giant Forest. A book about the Big Trees of +Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park. A. M. Robertson, San Francisco.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">White, Stewart Edward.</span> The Pass. The Mountains.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wright</span>, <span class="smcap">Dixon</span>, and <span class="smcap">Thompson</span>. Fauna of the National Parks. Government Printing +Office, Washington, D. C. Price 20 cents.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wilson, Herbert Earl.</span> The Lore and the Lure of Sequoia. Wolfer Printing Co., Los +Angeles, Calif. 1928.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Yard, Robert Sterling.</span> The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp. Scribners. +Sequoia National Park on pp. 188-212.</p> + +<p>—— The Book of the National Parks. 444 pp. Illustrated. Scribners. 1926. +Sequoia and General Grant National Parks on pp. 69-92.</p></blockquote> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>DO YOU KNOW YOUR NATIONAL PARKS?</h2> + + +<blockquote class="hang"><p>ACADIA, MAINE.—Combination of +mountain and seacoast scenery. Established +1919; 24.08 square miles.</p> + +<p>BRYCE CANYON, UTAH.—Canyons +filled with exquisitely colored pinnacles. +Established 1928; 55.06 square miles.</p> + +<p>CARLSBAD CAVERNS, N. MEX.—Beautifully +decorated limestone caverns +believed largest in the world. Established +1930; 15.56 square miles.</p> + +<p>CRATER LAKE, OREG.—Astonishingly +beautiful lake in crater of extinct volcano. +Established 1902; 250.52 square +miles.</p> + +<p>GENERAL GRANT, CALIF.—Celebrated +General Grant Tree and grove of +Big Trees. Established 1890; 3.96 +square miles.</p> + +<p>GLACIER, MONT.—Unsurpassed alpine +scenery; 200 lakes; 60 glaciers. +Established 1910; 1,533.88 square miles.</p> + +<p>GRAND CANYON, ARIZ.—World's +greatest example of erosion. Established +1919; 1,009.08 square miles.</p> + +<p>GRAND TETON, WYO.—Most spectacular +portion of Teton Mountains. +Established 1929; 150 square miles.</p> + +<p>GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, N. C.-TENN.—Massive +mountain uplift covered +with magnificent forests. Established +for protection 1930; 617 square +miles.</p> + +<p>HAWAII: ISLANDS OF HAWAII AND +MAUI.—Volcanic areas of great interest, +including Kilauea, famous for +frequent spectacular outbursts. Established +1916; 245 square miles.</p> + +<p>HOT SPRINGS, ARK.—Forty-seven hot +springs reserved by the Federal Government +in 1832 to prevent exploitation of +waters. Made national park in 1921; +1.58 square miles.</p> + +<p>LASSEN VOLCANIC, CALIF.—Only +recently active volcano in continental +United States. Established 1916; 163.32 +square miles.</p> + +<p>MAMMOTH CAVE, KY.—Interesting +caverns, including spectacular onyx +cave formation. Established for protection +1936; 38.34 square miles.</p> + +<p>MESA VERDE, COLO.—Most notable +cliff dwellings in United States. Established +1906; 80.21 square miles.</p> + +<p>MOUNT MCKINLEY, ALASKA.—Highest +mountain in North America. +Established 1917; 3,030.46 square miles.</p> + +<p>MOUNT RAINIER, WASH.—Largest +accessible single-peak glacier system. +Established 1899; 377.78 square miles.</p> + +<p>PLATT, OKLA.—Sulphur and other +springs. Established 1902; 1.33 square +miles.</p> + +<p>ROCKY MOUNTAIN, COLO.—Peaks +from 11,000 to 14,255 feet in heart of +Rockies. Established 1915; 405.33 +square miles.</p> + +<p>SEQUOIA, CALIF.—General Sherman, +largest and perhaps oldest tree in the +world; outstanding groves of Sequoia +gigantea. Established 1890; 604 square +miles.</p> + +<p>SHENANDOAH, VA.—Outstanding +scenic area in Virginia section of Blue +Ridge. Established 1935; 275.81 square +miles.</p> + +<p>WIND CAVE, S. DAK.—Beautiful cavern +of peculiar formations. No stalactites +or stalagmites. Established 1903; +18.47 square miles.</p> + +<p>YELLOWSTONE, WYO.-MONT.-IDAHO.—World's +greatest geyser area +and an outstanding game preserve. Established +1872; 3,471.51 square miles.</p> + +<p>YOSEMITE, CALIF.—Valley of world-famous +beauty; spectacular waterfalls; +magnificent High Sierra country. Established +1890; 1,176.16 square miles.</p> + +<p>ZION, UTAH.—Beautiful Zion Canyon +1,500 to 2,500 feet deep. Spectacular +coloring. Established 1919; 148.26 +square miles.</p></blockquote> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/endmap.jpg"> +<img src="images/endmap_s.jpg" width="600" height="423" alt="AREAS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE" title="" /> +<span class="caption">AREAS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE</span> +</a></div> +<div><br /></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"><a href="images/sequoia_map.jpg"> +<img src="images/sequoia_map_s.jpg" width="800" height="562" alt="" title="" /> +</a></div> +<div><br /></div> +<p class="transnote"> +<span class="big">Transcriber's note:</span><br /> +Frenso has been corrected to Fresno. The new text is: via either Visalia +or Fresno.<br /> +Inconsistent hyphenation has been left as in the original.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEQUOIA [CALIFORNIA] NATIONAL PARK***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 37483-h.txt or 37483-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/7/4/8/37483">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/4/8/37483</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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