diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:08:04 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:08:04 -0700 |
| commit | cdf83862d8f8c07f46024036e4507dbcd7abb284 (patch) | |
| tree | 9fd515ced637399f693e9f0cccb243f4b8c9e15d /37462-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '37462-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/37462-h.htm | 35906 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/brace100.png | bin | 0 -> 318 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/chapline.png | bin | 0 -> 467 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo000.jpg | bin | 0 -> 27623 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo005.png | bin | 0 -> 83012 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo006.png | bin | 0 -> 35320 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo016a.png | bin | 0 -> 38926 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo016b.png | bin | 0 -> 1930 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo026.png | bin | 0 -> 31277 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo030.png | bin | 0 -> 11913 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo034.png | bin | 0 -> 37685 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo036.png | bin | 0 -> 22313 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo041a.png | bin | 0 -> 42352 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo041b.png | bin | 0 -> 9227 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo044.png | bin | 0 -> 34817 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo048.png | bin | 0 -> 29670 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo050.png | bin | 0 -> 25182 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo054.png | bin | 0 -> 37467 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo056.png | bin | 0 -> 70484 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo058.png | bin | 0 -> 57127 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo060.png | bin | 0 -> 38474 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo062.png | bin | 0 -> 54281 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo072.png | bin | 0 -> 53262 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo085.png | bin | 0 -> 39112 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo088.png | bin | 0 -> 42475 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo096.png | bin | 0 -> 38278 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo100.png | bin | 0 -> 56971 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo104.png | bin | 0 -> 44642 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo106.png | bin | 0 -> 39619 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo115.png | bin | 0 -> 40859 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo125.png | bin | 0 -> 38688 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo133a.png | bin | 0 -> 38787 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo133b.png | bin | 0 -> 35045 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo134a.png | bin | 0 -> 38623 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo134b.png | bin | 0 -> 40263 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo141.png | bin | 0 -> 59796 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo144.png | bin | 0 -> 51641 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo146.png | bin | 0 -> 70875 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo148.png | bin | 0 -> 50033 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo152.png | bin | 0 -> 35537 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo158.png | bin | 0 -> 25232 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo164.png | bin | 0 -> 70240 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo166.png | bin | 0 -> 17317 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo167.png | bin | 0 -> 36312 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo178.png | bin | 0 -> 62127 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo182.png | bin | 0 -> 42575 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo190.png | bin | 0 -> 30979 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo192a.png | bin | 0 -> 7296 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo192b.png | bin | 0 -> 35439 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo192c.png | bin | 0 -> 8239 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo196.png | bin | 0 -> 51738 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo205.png | bin | 0 -> 35860 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo219.png | bin | 0 -> 58703 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo227.png | bin | 0 -> 85633 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo230.png | bin | 0 -> 54807 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo248.png | bin | 0 -> 41739 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo269.png | bin | 0 -> 33429 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/illo274.png | bin | 0 -> 68469 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/large322.png | bin | 0 -> 202454 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/large332.png | bin | 0 -> 201888 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/large356.png | bin | 0 -> 153056 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/large362.png | bin | 0 -> 201147 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/map322.png | bin | 0 -> 55471 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/map332.png | bin | 0 -> 49588 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/map356.png | bin | 0 -> 43528 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37462-h/images/map362.png | bin | 0 -> 84885 bytes |
66 files changed, 35906 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/37462-h/37462-h.htm b/37462-h/37462-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bca85b --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/37462-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,35906 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Boating, by W. B. Woodgate. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 1px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 1px;} + .blockquot {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .bot {vertical-align: bottom;} + .br {border-right: solid 1px;} + .braces {line-height: 1em;} + .bt {border-top: solid 1px;} + .caption {font-size: .8em; text-align: center;} + .center {text-align: center;} + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: top; font-size: .7em; text-decoration: none;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: .8em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right; font-size: .8em;} + .fsize80 {font-size: .8em;} + .fsize125 {font-size: 1.25em;} + .fsize150 {font-size: 1.5em;} + .fsize200 {font-size: 2em;} + .gesp {letter-spacing: .4em;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both;} + h2 {margin-top: 2em;} + h4,h5,h6 {margin-bottom: .75em; margin-top: 1em;} + h6 {font-weight: normal; font-size: .8em;} + hr {width: 33%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} + hr.c05 {width: 5%;} + hr.c25 {width: 25%;} + .ind5 {margin-left: 5%;} + .just {text-align: justify;} + .leftlink {position: absolute; left: 2%; font-size: .8em; text-align: left;} + .left {text-align: left;} + .noclear {clear: none;} + .oldtype {font-family: "Old English Text MT",fantasy,sans-serif;} + p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right; color: gray;} + .poem {margin-left:5%; margin-right:5%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .right {text-align: right;} + .right5 {text-align: right; margin-right: 5%;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + sub {font-size: .7em; vertical-align: -10%;} + sup {font-size: .7em; vertical-align: 20%;} + .symb {font-family: "Courier"; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em;} + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1em; border-collapse: collapse;} + td.blankrow {line-height: .5em;} + td.padr0 {padding-right: 0;} + td.padr1 {padding-right: .5em;} + td.padr2 {padding-right: 1em;} + td.padr3 {padding-right: 1.5em;} + td.padr5 {padding-right: 2.5em;} + td.padr6 {padding-right: 3em;} + td.padl0 {padding-left: 0;} + td.padl1 {padding-left: .5em;} + td.padl2 {padding-left: 1em;} + td.padl3 {padding-left: 1.5em;} + td.padl5 {padding-left: 2.5em;} + td.padl6 {padding-left: 3em;} + .tnbox {border: solid 2px; background: #999966; margin: 1em auto; padding: 1em;} + .top {vertical-align: top;} + .wrapleftin {float: left; clear: left; margin: -.5em .75em 0 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + .wrapleftout {float: left; clear: left; margin: -.5em .75em 0 -8%; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Boating, by W. B. Woodgate + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Boating + +Author: W. B. Woodgate + +Commentator: Harvey Mason + +Illustrator: Frank Dadd + +Release Date: September 19, 2011 [EBook #37462] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOATING *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Hary Lamé and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="tnbox" style="max-width: 50%;"> +<p class="center">Please see <a href="#TN">Transcriber’s Notes</a> at the end of this text.</p> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/illo000.jpg" alt="Cover" width="350" height="508" /></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class="oldtype center fsize150">The Badminton Library</p> +<p class="center">OF</p> +<p class="center fsize150">SPORTS AND PASTIMES</p> +<p class="center">EDITED BY</p> +<p class="center fsize125">HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT, K.G.</p> +<p class="center">ASSISTED BY ALFRED E. T. WATSON</p> +<h1 style="margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em;"><i>BOATING</i></h1> +<hr class="c25" /> + +<p class="center fsize80">PRINTED BY<br /> +SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE<br /> +LONDON</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Fig005" id="Fig005"></a> +<img src="images/illo005.png" alt="Henley Regatta" width="600" height="394" /> +<p class="caption right"><span style="padding-right: 8em;">GENERAL VIEW OF HENLEY REGATTA</span> (<i>Frontispiece</i>)</p> +</div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class="center fsize200 gesp"><b>BOATING</b></p> +<p class="center fsize80">BY</p> +<p class="center fsize125" style="margin-bottom: 2em;">W. B. WOODGATE</p> +<p class="center" style="line-height: 1.5em;">WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE REV. EDMOND WARRE, D.D.<br /> +AND<br /> +A CHAPTER ON ROWING AT ETON<br /> +BY R. HARVEY MASON</p> + +<p class="figcenter"><a name="Fig006" id="Fig006"></a> +<img src="images/illo006.png" alt="Title Page: Sculler" width="250" height="252" /></p> + +<p class="center"><i>WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS AFTER FRANK DADD</i><br /> +<i>AND FROM PHOTOGRAPHS</i></p> + +<p class="center">LONDON<br /> +<span class="fsize125">LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.</span><br /> +1888</p> + +<p class="center"><i>All rights reserved</i></p> +<hr class="c25" /> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></p> + +<h2><i>DEDICATION<br /> +TO<br /> +H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.</i><br /></h2> + +<p class="right5"><span class="smcap">Badminton</span>: <i>March, 1887</i>.</p> + +<p>Having received permission to dedicate these volumes, +the <span class="smcap">Badminton Library</span> of <span class="smcap">Sports</span> and <span class="smcap">Pastimes</span>, +to <span class="smcap">His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales</span>, +I do so feeling that I am dedicating them to one of the +best and keenest sportsmen of our time. I can say, from +personal observation, that there is no man who can +extricate himself from a bustling and pushing crowd of +horsemen, when a fox breaks covert, more dexterously +and quickly than His Royal Highness; and that when +hounds run hard over a big country, no man can take a +line of his own and live with them better. Also, when +the wind has been blowing hard, often have I seen +His Royal Highness knocking over driven grouse and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span>partridges and high-rocketing pheasants in first-rate +workmanlike style. He is held to be a good yachtsman, +and as Commodore of the Royal Yacht Squadron is +looked up to by those who love that pleasant and +exhilarating pastime. His encouragement of racing is +well known, and his attendance at the University, Public +School, and other important Matches testifies to his +being, like most English gentlemen, fond of all manly +sports. I consider it a great privilege to be allowed to +dedicate these volumes to so eminent a sportsman as +His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and I do +so with sincere feelings of respect and esteem and loyal +devotion.</p> + +<p class="right5">BEAUFORT.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></p> +<h2>PREFACE.</h2> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/chapline.png" alt="Line" width="75" height="9" /></div> + +<p>A few lines only are necessary to explain the object +with which these volumes are put forth. There is no +modern encyclopædia to which the inexperienced man, +who seeks guidance in the practice of the various British +Sports and Pastimes, can turn for information. Some +books there are on Hunting, some on Racing, some +on Lawn Tennis, some on Fishing, and so on; but one +Library, or succession of volumes, which treats of the +Sports and Pastimes indulged in by Englishmen—and +women—is wanting. The Badminton Library is offered +to supply the want. Of the imperfections which must +be found in the execution of such a design we are +conscious. Experts often differ. But this we may say, +that those who are seeking for knowledge on any of the +subjects dealt with will find the results of many years’ +experience written by men who are in every case adepts +at the Sport or Pastime of which they write. It is to +point the way to success to those who are ignorant of +the sciences they aspire to master, and who have no +friend to help or coach them, that these volumes are +written.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span>To those who have worked hard to place simply and +clearly before the reader that which he will find within, +the best thanks of the Editor are due. That it has been +no slight labour to supervise all that has been written he +must acknowledge; but it has been a labour of love, +and very much lightened by the courtesy of the Publisher, +by the unflinching, indefatigable assistance of the Sub-Editor, +and by the intelligent and able arrangement +of each subject by the various writers, who are so +thoroughly masters of the subjects of which they treat. +The reward we all hope to reap is that our work may +prove useful to this and future generations.</p> + +<p class="right5">THE EDITOR.</p> + +<hr class="c05" /> + +<p>The author desires to record his thanks and indebtedness +to the following gentlemen, for much kind co-operation +and assistance, and for leave to reproduce passages +from their valuable works upon aquatics:—Geo. G. T. +<span class="smcap">Treherne</span>, Esq., author of ‘Record of the University +Boat Race’; E. D. <span class="smcap">Brickwood</span>, Esq. (‘Argonaut’), +author of ‘Boat Racing’; L. P. <span class="smcap">Brickwood</span>, Esq., +Editor of the ‘Racing Almanack’; the Proprietors of +the ‘Field’; the Proprietors of ‘Land and Water,’ and +Mr. R. G. Gridley for kindly assisting with the Map of +the Cambridge Course.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h2><i>ILLUSTRATIONS.</i></h2> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/chapline.png" alt="Line" width="75" height="9" /></div> + +<p>(<span class="smcap">Engraved by W. J. Palmer, J. D. Cooper, and G. Pearson, +after drawings by F. Dadd and photographs by G. +Mitchell, Hills & Saunders, and Marsh Bros.</span>)</p> + +<hr class="c05" /> + +<h3>FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.</h3> + +<table summary="Full-page illustrations"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center fsize80">ARTIST</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig005"><span class="smcap">General View of the Henley Regatta</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td colspan="2" class="right bot"><i>Frontispiece</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig044"><span class="smcap">Method of Starting the College Eights prior to 1825, Oxford</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>To face p.</i></td> +<td class="right bot">28</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig058"><span class="smcap">Starting the Eights, Old Course, Henley</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">40</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig088"><span class="smcap">Coaching University Crew</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">68</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig106"><span class="smcap">Embarking</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">84</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig148"><span class="smcap">Pair Oars—Imminent Foul</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">124</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig196"><span class="smcap">Bumping Race Waiting for the Gun</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">170</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig230"><span class="smcap">Off the Brocas</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">202</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig248"><span class="smcap">Thames Watermen and Wherries</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">218</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig274"><span class="smcap">Cliefden (River Scene)</span></a></td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td class="center bot">„</td> +<td class="right bot">242</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c05" /> + +<h3>WOODCUTS IN TEXT.</h3> + +<table summary="Small illustrations"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center fsize80">ARTIST</td> +<td colspan="2" class="right fsize80">PAGE</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig006"><span class="smcap">Vignette on Title-page</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig026"><span class="smcap">Fleet of Egyptian Queen</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">11</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig030"><span class="smcap">Ancient Boat depicted on Vase</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">15</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig034"><span class="smcap">Bas-relief of ancient Greek Rowing Boat</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">19</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig036"><span class="smcap">Ancient Galley Fight, from Pompeii</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">21</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig041"><span class="smcap">Henley Course (between Races)</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">26</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig048"><span class="smcap">Oxford Boat in 1829</span></a></td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">}</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="left padr1"><i>From ‘Record of the University Boatrace’</i></td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="right bot">31</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig050"><span class="smcap">Bumping Races (old style)</span></a></td> +<td class="right bot">33</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span><a href="#Fig054"><span +class="smcap">A College Pair</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig056"><span class="smcap">Towing Guard Boats up Henley Reach</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">39</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig060"><span class="smcap">Pair-oar</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">41</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig062"><span class="smcap">Gondola</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">43</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig072"><span class="smcap">Bisham Court</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">53</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig085"><span class="smcap">Marlow</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">66</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig096"><span class="smcap">A Scratch Eight (‘Peal of Bells’)</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">75</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig100"><span class="smcap">Medmenham Abbey</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">79</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig104"><span class="smcap">‘Prose’</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">83</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig115"><span class="smcap">Bisham Court Reach</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">92</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig125"><span class="smcap">Feather ‘under’ the Water</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">102</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig133a"><span class="smcap">Practising Stroke (1)</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">110</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig133b"><span class="smcap">Practising Stroke (2)</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">110</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig134a"><span class="smcap">Practising Stroke (3)</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">111</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig134b"><span class="smcap">Practising Stroke (4)</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">111</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig141"><span class="smcap">A College Four</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">118</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig144"><span class="smcap">Four-oar</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">121</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig146"><span class="smcap">Near Medmenham</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">123</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig152"><span class="smcap">Close Quarters</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">127</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig158"><span class="smcap">A Spill</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">133</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig164"><span class="smcap">Sculling Race, with Pilots in Eight-oars</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">139</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig166"><span class="smcap">Pumped Out</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">141</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig167"><span class="smcap">The Last of the Thames Wherries</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">142</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig178"><span class="smcap">‘Poetry’</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">153</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig182"><span class="smcap">Going to Scale</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">157</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig190"><span class="smcap">Smoking is Forbidden</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">165</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig192"><span class="smcap">‘Run a Mile or Two’</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">167</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig205"><span class="smcap">Four-oar</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">178</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig219"><span class="smcap">Early Amateurs</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">192</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig227"><span class="smcap">Windsor</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>From a photograph</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">200</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left top padr1"><a href="#Fig269"><span class="smcap">A Foul</span></a></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left bot padr1"><i>Frank Dadd</i></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right bot">238</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c05" /> + +<h3>MAPS</h3> + +<p class="center">SHOWING</p> + +<table summary="Maps"> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1"><span class="smcap">The</span></td> +<td class="left padr1" style="width: 3em;"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Map322">Oxford</a></span></td> +<td colspan="2" class="left padr1"><span class="smcap">Course</span></td> +<td class="right padl6 padr1"><i>To face p.</i></td> +<td class="right">288</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="left padr1"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Map332">Cambridge</a></span></td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center padl6 padr1">„</td> +<td class="right">296</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left padr1"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Map356">Henley</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center padl6 padr1">„</td> +<td class="right">318</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left padr1"><span class="smcap"><a href="#Map362">Putney</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center padl6 padr1">„</td> +<td class="right">322</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></p> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/chapline.png" alt="Line" width="75" height="9" /></div> + +<table summary="ToC"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left fsize80">CHAPTER</td> +<td class="right fsize80">PAGE</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">I.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">II.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">The Rise of Modern Oarsmanship</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">III.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Scientific Oarsmanship</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">IV.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Coaching</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">V.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">The Captain</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">VI.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">The Coxswain and Steering</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">VII.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Sliding Seats</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">VIII.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Four-oars</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">IX.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Pair-oars</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">X.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Sculling</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XI.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Boat-building and Dimensions</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XII.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Training</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_153">153</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XIII.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Rowing Clubs</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_178">178</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XIV.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">The Amateur, his History and Description</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_192">192</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XV.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Rowing at Eton College</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_200">200</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XVI.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Watermen and Professionals</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_217">217</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1 top">XVII.</td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Laws of Boat-Racing (their History, and Rules of the Road)</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_238">238</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left top padr1">‘<span class="smcap">The Temple of Fame</span>’</td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_243">243</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Appendix</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_313">313</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left top padr1"><span class="smcap">Index</span></td> +<td class="right bot"><a href="#Page_331">331</a></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h2><a name="SecRef18" id="SecRef18"></a><i>Erratum.</i></h2> + +<p class="center">Page 119, line 19, <i>for</i> Bodleian <i>read</i> Radleian.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></p> + +<div class="wrapleftin" style="margin-bottom: 0; width: 600px; height: 345px;"> +<img src="images/illo016a.png" alt="Top ornate header Ch. 1" +width="600" height="345" /></div> + +<div class="wrapleftin" style="margin-top: 0; margin-left: 2px; width: 75px; height: 255px;"> +<img src="images/illo016b.png" alt="Bottom ornate header Ch. 1" width="75" height="255" /> +</div> + +<h2 class="noclear" style="padding-top: 340px;">Introduction</h2> + +<p>As parts of human life and practice the out-of-door +games and amusements with which Englishmen are +familiar have had a long course of development, and +each has its own history. To trace this development +and history in any particular case is not always an easy +task. Most of the writers who deal with these subjects +treat the ‘Origines’ in a summary fashion. Not a few +ignore them altogether. The Topsy theory, ‘’spects it +growed,’ is sufficient.</p> + +<p>And yet if it be possible to deal more philosophically with +a subject of the kind, the attempt ought not necessarily to be +devoid of interest. It involves a retrospect of human life and +human ingenuity. It will trace development in man’s ways and +means, marking points which in some regions and with some +races have determined the limit of their progress, and in others +have served as stepping-stones to further invention. It will +present facts which will not only not be disdained by the true<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +student of men and manners, but will serve to broider the +fringes of serious history, and will give additional light and +colour to the record of the character and the habits of men. +For indeed the sports and pastimes of a people are no insignificant +product of its national spirit, and react to no small degree +upon national character. They have not unfrequently had +their share in grave events, and the famous and oft-quoted saying +of the Duke of Wellington respecting the playing fields at +Eton (<i>se non è vero, è ben trovato</i>) contains a truth, applicable in +a wider sense to national struggles and to victories other than +Waterloo.</p> + +<p>Pastimes and amusements generally may be divided into +two main classes: (1) those that have been invented simply as a +means of recreation, such as cricket, tennis, racquets, etc.; and +(2) those that have their origin in the primary needs of mankind. +The latter have in many cases, as civilisation has +advanced, and the particular needs have been supplied in other +ways, survived as pastimes by reason of the natural pleasure +and the excitement and the emulation which accompanied them. +Of this latter class, those that have appropriated the name of +‘sport’ <i>par excellence</i>, such as hunting, shooting, fishing, etc., +hold the field, so to speak, in antiquity, as compared with other +pastimes, having their origin in the initial necessities and +natural instincts of man, which compelled him to fight with +and to destroy some wild beasts, that he might not himself be +eaten, and to catch or kill others that he might have them +to eat.</p> + +<p>The spirit of emulation and the pride of skill, and the +desire of obtaining healthy exercise for its own sake, have been +among the principal causes which have converted into sports +and pastimes man’s means and methods of locomotion. Almost +every class of movement which can be pressed into that form +of competition which is called a race, or in which a definite +comparison of skill is possible, has been enlisted in the host of +amusements with which civilisation consoles its children for the +loss of the wild delights of the untutored savage.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>Among these perhaps the most important and the most conspicuous +is Rowing, which as a serious business has played no +inconsiderable part in great events of human history, and as a +pastime is inferior to none of the class to which it belongs. +Its votaries will not hesitate to claim for it even the chief place, +by reason of the pleasure and emulation to which it so readily +ministers, as a healthful exercise, and as a means of competitive +effort requiring both skill and endurance.</p> + +<p>But the oar, before it ministered to recreation, had a long +history of labour in the service of man, which is not yet ended, +and itself was not shaped but by evolution from earlier types, +of which the paddle and ultimately the human hand and arm +are the original beginnings.</p> + +<p>Will it be wearisome to speculate on these beginnings, and +to try to cast back in thought and research for the first origins +of the noble pastime which forms the subject of the present +volume? Fortunately, in savage life still extant on the habitable +globe we have the survival of many, if not of all, the +earliest types of locomotion. Man in his natural condition has +to follow nature, and by following to subdue her in his struggle +for existence. Climate and race differentiate his action in +this respect, and results, under parallel circumstances, similar, +though different in detail, attend his efforts in different parts of +the world.</p> + +<p>A land animal, he is from the first brought face to face with +water, deep water of lakes, and of rivers, and of the sea, and in +all these he finds bounds to his desires, as well as things to be +desired; opposite shores to which he wishes to cross, fish and +vegetable growth which he wants for food. Horace tells us +that ‘oak and triple brass he had around his breast who first +to the fierce sea committed his frail raft,’ but the first man who +committed <i>himself</i> to deep water, and essayed the oarage of his +arms and legs, must have been free from such incumbrances, +and yet have had a stout heart within him. And simultaneously +with, or even prior to such adventure, must have +been others of a similar character aided by a piece of wood, or a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> +bundle of rushes, or an inflated skin, the elementary boat, the very +embryo of navigation. Such beginnings are still in evidence on +the western coast of Australia, where savages may be seen sitting +astride on a piece of light wood and so venturing forth upon +the waters of the sea. Homer, who in the Odyssey delights in +making the man of many counsels and many devices, with all +his wealth of what was then modern experience, find himself +reduced to the shifts and expedients of a man thrown, like the +savage, upon his own solitary resources, pictures to us Ulysses +seated astride upon the mast of his shipwrecked vessel and +paddling with both hands, thus reverting in his distress, as no +doubt others have done since, to the very earliest method of +navigation, now only practised for choice by savages, whose +progress in navigation, as in other things, has been checked at +this early stage, and who remain the nearest visible types of +primitive man.</p> + +<p>But some savages, other than they, did make progress in the +matter of locomotion by water, and the next step was the raft, +of which the earliest type known is the sanpan, three pieces of +buoyant wood tied together. On this construction, which supplied +the earliest generic names both in the east and in the +west (sanpan, <i>σχεδίη</i>, <i>ratis</i>), a man would stand and paddle +and move along upon the water, and assert his power of hand +and eye with the weapons with which native ingenuity had +already supplied him.</p> + +<p>In warm climates, where swimming had become a necessity, +and the very children from their earliest years had been habituated +to the water, the familiarity that breeds contempt of the +very danger which at a previous stage acted as a deterrent, +would soon encourage attempts to improve, and enlarge, and +increase the speed of the rude vessel in common use. These +attempts would naturally follow the line of providing the +means for conveying in safety other things besides the living +freight of the human person. There would also arise the very +natural desire to keep things dry, which would spoil if wetted. +Hence the enlargement of the raft, and then the protection<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> +afforded by platforms raised upon its central surface, or by +planks laid edgewise so as to make a defence, a breastwork +against the wave.</p> + +<p>And no doubt by this time the use of the sail for propulsion +had become familiar, and man had already prayed his god for +‘the breeze that cometh aft, sail-filler, good companion.’ But +interesting as it would be to trace the effect of the sail upon the +construction of vessels and their development, we must leave +that pleasant task to those who, in the present series, will treat +of the yacht and its prototypes (<i>άκατοι</i>).</p> + +<p>The earliest method of propulsion was with the human +hands. In the picture of Ulysses seated on the mast and keel +of his shipwrecked vessel, which he had lashed together with +the broken backstay made of bullhide, paddling with his hands +on either side, Homer, as we have seen, has presented us with +the hero of the highest civilisation known to him reduced to +the straits of the merest savage; and he has again enforced +this idea in his picture of the same hero of many wiles and +many counsels devising for himself the means of escape from +the island of Calypso, and, not without divine suggestions, +constructing for himself, like an ancient Robinson Crusoe, a +primitive raft, with certain improvements and additions; a +broad raft be it remembered, and not a boat. A boat would +mar the conception which presents to us the civilised man +driven back to the straits of barbarism by the unique circumstances +in which he is placed.</p> + +<p>This is the point which ingenious commentators, who have +given elaborate designs and figures of Ulysses’ <i>boat</i> and written +pages upon its construction, seem to have missed. The poet +has added colour to his picture by bringing the new and the +old together. And of a truth new and old exist together and +continue throughout the ages of man in marvellous juxtaposition. +The fast screw liner off the Australian coast may pass +the naked savage oaring himself with swarthy palms upon his +buoyant log, and almost every stage of modern invention in +ship-building and ship propulsion has had alongside it the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> +three-timbered sanpan, and the original types of raft that float +in the Malay Archipelago.</p> + +<p>But we must follow the development of our special pastime +through its embryonic stage to a moment when, all unknown +and unseen in the womb of time, like the sudden changes which +differentiate the gradual ascents from a lower to a higher being, +unseen, unknown, and unwritten in history, that great event +occurred, the birth of the first ‘dug-out’ canoe. Unnoticed +perhaps at the time, the importance of the event was recognised +by the poet in after ages as a real forward step in the onward +progress of the arts.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a +href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> ‘Rivers then first the hollowed alders felt.’</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Virg. <i>Georg.</i> i. 136: +‘Tunc alnos primum fluvii sensere cavatas.’</p></div> + +<p>To some primitive man or men in advance of their fellow +men, the idea of flotation, as apart from the mere buoyancy of +the material, had occurred, and suggested the hollowing out of +the log. Wherever and whenever this was first effected, it was +a great event in the world’s progress. A simple thought had +wedded fact destined to be fruitful to all future ages. O prototype +of the longboat—of the frail eights which freighted with +contending crews speed yearly over Father Thames amidst the +cheers and applause of thousands! Where wast thou launched? +What dusky arms propelled thee? What wild songs of exultation +heralded thy first successful venture? Once achieved, +what present benefits, what future triumphs didst thou not +ensure to man? In the power of carrying something, or anything +beside the living freight, dry and secure, and in the +increased facility of movement and of turning, must have been +manifest from the first the advantage of the canoe over the raft, +where the lapping of the water and the wash of the wave, in +spite of all contrivances, could scarce be kept out. How soon +must efforts have been made to increase this advantage to +obtain greater carrying power and greater speed! The application +of the sail was made possible by the ingenious adaptation +of the outrigger, a trunk of light wood laid parallel to the side +of the dug-out at some feet distance, and attached to it by +transverse bars. The oldest type and the type with this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> +improvement still survive, and the ingenious models of such +craft which were exhibited at the Fisheries Exhibition in +London a few years ago will have been noticed by many of our +readers. Twin vessels like the ‘Castalia,’ and, if we are to believe +the learned Graser, the great Tesseraconteres of Ptolemy, had +their primitive germ, so to speak, in this early stroke of genius. +It may appear strange to some boating men who are accustomed +to hear a good deal about outriggers, that this outrigger +of which we have been speaking has nothing to do with the +outrigger with which they are familiar. It never apparently +passed into the Western Seas. The Mediterranean knows it +not. The Andaman Islands and the Seychelles are its westernmost +limits.</p> + +<p>But if the invention of the dug-out canoe was a step onward +in the general progress of the arts, being the appreciation and +application of a principle in nature, a still greater triumph was +achieved, and the particular art still more decidedly advanced, by +him who first constructed the canoe properly so called. Herein +was the real prototype of the <i>species</i> boat. A skin of bark, duly +cut and shaped so as to taper towards the ends and be wide +amidships, was attached to a longitudinal framework or gunwale +all along its upper edges, and this itself was kept apart and +in shape by three or more transverse pieces stretching from +side to side, while a series of curved laths of soft wood, the +extreme ends of which also fastened to the gunwale, served to +keep the vessel itself in shape and to protect the bark skin from +the tread of men and from the immediate incidence of any weight +to be carried. ‘Ce n’est que le premier pas qui coûte.’ The +idea once conceived, whether in one place or in many, and +at whatever time or times, could not be lost and must soon +have been fruitful in development. Of this class by far the +most common is the birch-bark canoe, which, though found +also in Australia, is properly regarded as having its home upon +the American continent. If not the original of the type, +yet it deserves particular attention owing to the peculiarity of the +material of the skin, which combines lightness and toughness and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> +pliability. A truly ingenious and original idea to flay a birch +tree and make a boat of its skin! In the framework of the +canoe we have the embryo <i>ribs</i> and <i>inwale</i> of the future boat, and +the three cross-ties may be regarded as the ancestors of <i>thwarts</i> +to be born in time to come. As yet no keel. But that was +soon to be. Go north, and trees become scarcer and dwindle +in size. The birch is no longer of sufficient girth to serve the +ingenious savage in the construction of a canoe. But the +inventive genius of man was not to be denied. Skins of beasts, +or woven material made waterproof, stretched upon a frame +would serve for the same purpose as bark. But a stronger +framework was necessary for a material thinner and more pliable +than bark. And accordingly in all this class (except the +coracle) we find stronger and more numerous timbers, including +a longitudinal piece from stem to stern, and uprights at each +end acting as stempost and sternpost respectively. The rude +canvas-covered vessels of Tory Island, off the west coast of +Ireland, still preserve one development of this type, close at +home to us; while the cayaks of the Esquimaux and the +larger fishing canoes of the Alaskans and the Greenlanders +exhibit the skin-clad variety in many forms. In one of the +models exhibited at the Fisheries Exhibition the framework +showed in great perfection the ingenuity of the savage, to whom +wood was a very scarce and precious article, short pieces being +made to serve fitted together and fastened with thongs of hide, the +whole being covered with a stout walrus skin. Even outriggers +(as understood by the English oarsman) made of double loops +of hide just long enough to cross each other and enclose the +loom of the oar, were attached to the inner side of the gunwale.</p> + +<p>Not only bark and skin and canvas-covered canoes exist and +seem to have existed from an unknown antiquity, but a similar +cause to that of which we were just speaking, viz. a scarcity of +wood or of suitable wood, led to the construction of canoes of +wood made of short pieces stitched together, and approaching +more nearly to the type of vessel which may be called a boat. +To these belong the canoes of Easter Island made of drift<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +wood, and of many other islands in the Pacific, which are truly +canoes and propelled by paddles, and the same peculiarity of +build extends to the Madras surf boats, which are more truly +boats. Many of these are tied together through holes drilled +or burnt through a ledge left on the inner side of the plank or +log, a peculiarity noticeable as appearing even in the early vessels +of the Northern Seas. The stitched boat has not a nail +Or a peg in her whole composition, but the structure, though +liable to leak, is admirably suited for heavy seas and surf-beaten +coasts, and owing to its pliability will stand shocks which would +shatter a stiffer and tighter build. This being so, it is not surprising +that vessels larger than canoes or boats were constructed +(some authorities say even as large as 200 tons burden) upon +this principle, which is certainly one of very great antiquity.</p> + +<p>There is also a curious analogy in the progress of construction +of these sea-going craft with the natural order in the construction +of fishes, that is to say, if the ganoids are to be considered antecedent +to the vertebrates among the latter. For in the case of the +stitched vessels the hull is the first thing in time and construction, +the ribs and framework being, so to speak, an afterthought, and +attached to the interior when the hull has been completed, +whereas the later and modern practice is to set up the ribs and +framework of the vessel first and to attach the exterior planking +afterwards. But the invention of trenails and dowels must have +preceded the later practice, and have led the way to the building +of such boats as those described by Herodotus (ii. 96), the +ancestors of the Nile ‘nuggur’ of modern times. Ulysses, as a +shipwright well skilled in his craft, uses axe and adze and +auger, and with the latter makes holes in the timbers he has +squared and planed, and with trenails and dowels ties them together. +The wooden fastenings, be it remarked, are in size and +diameter severally adapted, the first to resist the horizontal, +the second to resist the vertical strain to which the raft would be +exposed upon the waves. All this, we may observe, points to +a stage anterior to that in which the use of metal nails and ties +in ship- and boat-building had been introduced. Trenails and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +dowels are however still in use, and have a natural advantage over +iron in the construction of wooden vessels, owing to the absence +of corrosion, which in early times must have caused difficulties +as to its employment for boat-building. Copper, on the other +hand, though free from this objection, would be less available +by reason of expense and the great demand for it for other +purposes.</p> + +<p>And now we have reached a point where we enter upon the +borders of history. No doubt, if we knew more about the venerable +antiquity of China, we might be able to add interesting facts, +showing the development from the earliest sanpan to the great +river boats, and the growth of that curious art which produced +the Chinese junk, a vessel undoubtedly of a very antique type. +But this knowledge is not ours at present, and so we must turn +to the equally venerable civilisation of Egypt for information +upon the subject. In Egypt fortunately the tomb paintings +have preserved to us a wealth of illustration of boats and ships, +some of which, if we may trust the learned, take us back to dates +as early as 3000 <span class="smcap">b.c.</span> In turning over the interesting plates of +such works as Lepsius’s ‘Denkmäler,’ or Duemichen’s ‘Fleet of +an Egyptian Queen,’ we are struck by the reflection that, if at that +early date boats, and ships, and oars, and steering paddles, and +masts, and sailing gear had all been brought to such a stage of +perfection, we must allow many centuries antecedent for the +elaboration of such designs, and for the evolution of the savage +man’s primary conception of canoe and paddle.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig026" id="Fig026"></a> +<img src="images/illo026.png" alt="Ancient Egyptian ships" width="600" height="263" /> +<p class="caption">FLEET OF EGYPTIAN QUEEN.</p></div> + +<p>However this may be, the lovers of our pastime, if they will +consult the pages of the works above mentioned, will find rowing +already well established as an employment, if not as an +amusement, in the hoar antiquity of Egypt. Not only the Nile +water, whether the sacred stream was within his banks or spread +by inundation over the plain within his reach, was alive with +boats, busy with the transport of produce of all sorts, or serving +the purposes of the fowler and the fisherman, but the Red Sea +and the Mediterranean coasts were witnesses of the might and +power of Pharaoh, as shown by his fleets of great vessels<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +fully manned, ready with oar and sail to perform his behests, +ready to visit the land of Orient, and bring back thence +the spices and perfumes that the Egyptians loved, together +with apes and sandal wood, or else to do battle with the fierce +Pelesta and Teucrians and Daunians who swarmed in their +piratical craft upon the midland sea, entering the Nile mouths, +and raiding upon the fat and peaceable plains of the Delta.</p> + +<p>The Egyptian boats present several noticeable features. Built +evidently with considerable camber, they rise high from the +water both at stem and stern, the ends finished off into a point +or else curved upwards and ornamented with mystic figure-heads +representing one or other of the numerous gods. The steering is +conducted by two or more paddles fastened to the sides of the +boat in the larger class, and sometimes having the loom of the +paddle lengthened and attached to an upright post to which it +is loosely bound. A tiller is inserted in the handle, and to this a +steering cord fastened, by which the helmsman can turn the blade +of the paddle at will. The paddles vary but little in shape. +They are mostly pointed, and have but a moderate breadth of +blade. In some of the paintings they are being used as paddles +proper, in others as oars against a curved projection from the +vessel’s side serving as a thowl. But whether this is solid or +whether it is a thong, like the Greek <i>τροπωτήρ</i>, against which the +oarsman is rowing, it is not easy to say.</p> + +<p>The larger vessels depicted with oars have in some cases as +many as twenty-five shown on one side. In others the number +is less. But it is quite possible that the artist did not care to +portray more than would be sufficient to indicate conventionally +the size of the vessel. In some of the vessels there are apertures +like oar-ports, though no oars are shown in them, which +raise a presumption that the invention of the bireme, the origin +of which is uncertain, may with some probability be attributed +to the Egyptians. The larger vessels are all fitted with sailing +gear, and the rowing is evidently subsidiary to the sail as a +means of locomotion. The wall paintings of Egypt give us +ample details of Egyptian ships and boats extending over a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +period, as we are told, of twenty centuries and more. In them +we have a glimpse of the maritime enterprise, in which the oar +must have taken a principal part, of the races which inhabited +the seaboard of the Mediterranean in which piracy had its +home from very early times. Teucrians, Dardanians, Pelesta +(? Pelasgians), Daunians, Tyrrhenians, Oscans, all seem to have +been sea-going peoples, and at intervals to have provoked by +their marauding the wrath of Pharaoh and to have felt his +avenging hand.</p> + +<p>But of all the seafaring races that made their homes and +highways upon the waters of the great inland sea, the most famous +of early times were the Phœnicians. According to some accounts +connected with Capthor (Copts), and according to others emigrants +from the coast of the Persian Gulf, their genius for +maritime enterprise asserted itself very early, so that already +before Homer’s time they were masters of the commerce of +the Mediterranean, and had rowed their dark keels beyond the +mystic pillars that guarded the opening of the ocean stream.</p> + +<p>And yet, though the facts are certain, we know but little of +these famous mariners, of their vessels and their gear. The only +representation of their vessels is from the walls of the palaces of +their Assyrian conquerors, an inland people, not likely to detect +or appreciate any technical want of fidelity in the likeness presented. +And, accordingly, the pictures are conventional, telling +us but little of that which we should like to know about their +build, and oars, and oar ports, &c. The date, moreover, is not +in all probability earlier than 900 <span class="smcap">b.c.</span></p> + +<p>Such being the case, we are driven for information to the +more ample store of Greek literature, and to Greek vases for +the earliest representations of the Greek vessel.</p> + +<p>Homer abounds in sea pictures. He has a wealth of descriptive +words, touches of light and colour which bring the sea +and its waves and the vessel and its details with vivid and +picturesque effect before us. His ships are black and have +their bows painted with vermilion, or red of some other tone; +they are sharp and swift, and bows and stern curve upwards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +like the horns of oxen. And withal they are rounded on both +sides, and well timbered and hollowed out, and roomy, +having by the gift of the poet a facile combination of all the +opposite qualities, so desirable and so difficult in practice to +unite. As yet there is no spur or ram, but round the solid +stempost shrieks the wave, as the vessel is urged onward either +by the mighty hands of heroes, or the god-sent breeze that +follows aft. Nor is the vessel decked, except for a short space +at bow and stern, where it had raised platforms. On the quarterdeck, +so to speak, of the stern sat the great chiefs, whose +warriors plied the oar, and there they laid their spears ready for +use. There also was the standing place of the steersman who +wielded the long paddle which served to guide the vessel. +The thwarts which tied the vessel’s sides together (yokes or +keys as they are called) served as benches for the oarsmen; +those amidships had the heaviest and longest oars, so that they +were places of honour reserved for the heaviest and strongest +men, e.g. for Hercules and Ancæus in the Argo. Whether the +‘sevenfoot,’ to which Ajax retreats from the stern deck, when +defending the Greek ships against the Trojans and hard pressed +by them, be bench or stretcher, it gives us an idea of the +breadth of the Homeric vessel at or near the place of the stroke +oar. Long low galleys they must have been, with a middle +plank running fore and aft, interrupted by the ‘tabernacle,’ +in which the mast when hoisted was secured, having fore and +back stays. The warriors were oarsmen, the oarsmen warriors. +The smallest complement, as Thucydides observes, was fifty, the +largest one hundred and twenty.</p> + +<p>It is doubtful how far the Alexandrine poets can be relied +upon as giving accurate information respecting details of ancient +use. Yet we have many lifelike pictures and a great profusion +of details, drawn no doubt from the ample stores of antiquarian +knowledge which these laborious men of letters had at their +service in the great Alexandrine library, and these go to fill up +that which is lacking in the Homeric picture. And so when +Apollonius the Rhodian paints for us such scenes as those of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> +the building of the Argo, the launching, the detail of the crew, +and the starting of the vessel, we cannot help feeling that they +are described <i>con amore</i>, not of the sea, or of ships, or of +rowing, but of the literary beauty of similar descriptions by +earlier poets. In a word, they are at second hand. But better +this than none at all.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig030" id="Fig030"></a> +<img src="images/illo030.png" alt="Ancient rowing and sailing boat" width="500" height="242" /> +<p class="caption">ANCIENT BOAT DEPICTED ON VASE.</p></div> + +<p>The ‘bireme,’ or two-banked vessel, does not appear in +Homer. But, as we have seen, it was probably in existence +before Homer’s time. If of Egyptian parentage, it was adapted +for use on the Mediterranean waters by the shipwrights of Sidon +or Tyre. It is a curious reflection that this remarkable evolution +of banked vessels should, so far as we can judge, have +occupied about two thousand years; the curve, if we may use +the expression, of development rising to the highest point in +the useless Tesseraconteres of Ptolemy, and after Actium declining +to the dromons and biremes of the Byzantine Emperor +Leo, and finally subsiding into the monocrota or one-banked +vessels, the galleys of mediæval times.</p> + +<p>The problem which taxed the ingenuity of those early shipwrights +was briefly this, how to get greater means of propulsion +by increasing the number of oars, without such increase in the +length of the ship as would, by increased weight, neutralise +the advantage and still further diminish that facility in turning<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +which was of the greatest moment to the ancient war-vessel. +Galleys with fifty oars on either side had already been constructed,<a +name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> +and all the speed that a hundred pairs of hands could +give had been obtained, when the invention of the bireme exhibited +the means of nearly doubling the power without much +increasing the weight to be moved, since but little additional +height or breadth was required.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Perhaps +even with a hundred, if <i>έκατόζυγος</i> is to be taken literally.</p></div> + +<p>The normal adjustment of the horizontal space between +the oarsmen was then, as it is now, regulated by that canon of +the ancient philosopher, ‘Man is the measure of all things.’ +Twice the man’s cubit gives room for his legs when in a sitting +posture. Hence the two-cubit standard (<i>σχ̅ημα +’διπηχαϊκόν</i>) +which is referred to by Vitruvius as the basis of proportion in +other constructions besides ships and boats. Given this as the +interscalmium (space between the thowls) or distance between +points at which the oars in the same tier were rowed, it is clear +that the rowing space of a vessel’s side would be, for a penteconter, +or twenty-five a side, seventy-five feet, and for a hecatonter, +if there ever was such a thing, 150 feet. To this must +be added the parts outside the oarage space (<i>παρεξειρεσία</i>), for +the bows ten feet, and something more, say twelve feet, for the +stern. So that a penteconter would be a long low galley of +about ninety-seven feet in length. The new invention nearly +doubled the number of oars without increasing the length of +the oarage space.</p> + +<p>It was found that by making apertures in the vessel’s sides at +about three feet from the water and dividing the space between +the (zyga) thwarts, room could be made for a second row of +men with shorter oars, but still handy and able to add to the +propulsion of the vessel. For these seats were found in the +hold (thalamus), and hence while the upper tier of the bireme +took their name from the zyga, benches or thwarts, and were +called ‘Zygites,’ the men of the lower tier were called ‘Thalamites.’ +These names were continued when the invention of +the ‘thranos,’ or upper seat, had added a third or upper tier<span +class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +with longer oars to the system, and so introduced the trireme. +If the number of the zygites in the penteconter was twenty-five +a side, and the first bireme was a converted vessel of that class, +the number of thalamites, owing to the contraction of the +bow and the stern, would necessarily be two or three a side +less. Thus we may consider a converted penteconter to have +been capable of carrying a rowing crew of between 90 and 100 +men. Similarly a triaconter would have been capable of adding +nearly twenty pairs of arms to her propelling power. When, in +consequence of the new invention, vessels were expressly built as +triremes, we may imagine that for convenience’ sake the benches +or zyga would be a little raised, so as to give more room for +the raised seat of the thalamites that was fastened on to the +floor of the vessel.</p> + +<p>The narrowness of the vessels affected the disposition of +the rowers in the Greek galleys in a peculiar way. It is +evident from the testimony of the ancients that they adhered +strictly to the principle of ‘one man to each oar.’ The arrangement +seen in mediæval galleys was absolutely unknown to them, +and would not have suited them. It belongs to a different +epoch and a different order of things, when the invention of +the ‘apostis’ had made the use of large sweeps rowed by two +or three men possible, and a vessel with sets of three rowing +upon the same horizontal plane might be called a trireme, +though utterly unlike the ancient vessel of that name.</p> + +<p>In the ancient vessel the tiers of oarsmen must have sat in +nearly the same vertical plane, obliquely arranged, one behind +and below the other. Thus in the bireme the zygite, as he sat +on his bench, had behind him and below him his thalamite +whose head was about 18 inches behind the zygite thwart and +a little above it. Moreover, as his seat was now a little raised, +the zygite required an <i>appui</i> for his feet, which was formed for +him on the bench on which the thalamite next below and in +front of him was sitting; on either side of him his feet found a +resting-place. As the zygite fell back during the stroke and +straightened his knees, there was plenty of room for the thalamite<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> +below to throw his weight also on to his oar. There +seems to have been but little forward motion of the body. The +arms were stretched out smartly for the recovery, as we learn +from Charon’s instructions to Dionysus in the ‘Frogs’ of +Aristophanes, and then a <i>driving smiting</i> stroke was given (cf. +the words <i>έλαύνειν, +παίειν, άναρρίπτειν +̔άλα πηδῷ</i>) and the brine +tossed up by the blade.</p> + +<p>When once the principle had been established, by which +additional power could be gained without increasing the length +of the vessel, and had been tested by practical experience, its +development was sure to follow. What century witnessed the +birth of the trireme is not certain, but probably by 800 <span class="smcap">b.c.</span> +the earliest vessels of this description had been launched. The +quick-witted sharp-eyed Greek was not slow to copy, and by +the beginning of the next century the busy shipwrights of +Corinth were building the new craft for Samians as well as for +themselves.</p> + +<p>It is, however, in the Attic trireme such as composed the +fleets of Phormio and Conon that historical interest has centred, +and though quinqueremes were commonly in use in the second +and third centuries, <span class="smcap">b.c.</span>, and even still larger rates of war vessels +constructed till they were <i>inhabilis prope magnitudinis</i>, +unwieldy leviathans, such as the sixteen-banked flagship of +Demetrius Poliorcetes, yet the interest in the trireme has never +failed, and the splendour of its achievements has insured to +it an attention on the part of the learned which no other class +of vessel has been able to attract to itself. The problem of +construction of the trireme, and of the method of its propulsion, +has exercised the ingenuity of scholars ever since the revival +of letters. It has a literature of its own, and it may fairly be +said that if the enigma has not been solved, it is not for want +of industry or acumen.</p> + +<p>One point we may as well make clear at once, viz., that +whatever was the vessel the ancients invariably went upon +the principle, <i>One man, one oar</i>. Volumes have been wasted +in attempts to prove that the arrangement of the ancient galleys<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +with respect to propulsion were identical with, or very similar +to, those of the mediæval galleys of Genoa or Venice. But +the mediæval galleys were essentially <i>monocrota</i>, or one-banked +vessels, though they may have been double-banked or treble-banked +in the sense that two or three men were employed +upon one oar.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig034" id="Fig034"></a> +<img src="images/illo034.png" alt="Ancient Greek Rowing Boat" width="400" height="319" /> +<p class="caption">BAS-RELIEF OF ANCIENT GREEK ROWING BOAT.</p></div> + +<p>Another distinction that it is necessary to note with reference +to the ancient galleys is that they were called <i>Aphract</i> or +<i>Kataphract</i> according as the upper tier of rowers was unprotected +and exposed to view, or fenced in by a bulwark stout +enough to protect them from the enemy’s missiles. The system +of side planking is observable as already adopted in some +of the Egyptian vessels, though of the Greeks the Thasians are +credited with the invention.</p> + +<p>In the year 1834, during the process of excavating some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +ground for new public buildings in the Piræus near Athens, +some engraved stone slabs were found built up in a low wall +which had been uncovered. These were happily preserved +and deciphered, and were found to be records of the dockyard +authorities of the Athenian admiralty in the second and third +centuries before Christ. Many interesting details were thus +brought to light which were set in order by the illustrious +scholar Boeckh in his volume entitled ‘Urkunden über das +Seewesen des attischen Staates.’ His pupil Dr. Graser has +carried on his researches by the examination of innumerable +coins, vases, etc., and has rescued the subject from much of the +obscurity which enveloped it. The following description of +the trireme, based upon his labours, is quoted, by permission, +from the new edition of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica,’ vol. +xxi. pp. 806, 807.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>In describing the trireme it will be convenient to deal first with +the disposition of the rowers and subsequently with the construction +of the vessel itself. The object of arranging the oars in +banks was to economise horizontal space and to obtain an increase +in the number of oars without having to lengthen the vessel. We +know from Vitruvius that the ‘interscalmium,’ or space horizontally +measured from oar to oar, was two cubits. This is exactly borne +out by the proportions of an Attic aphract trireme, as shown on a +fragment of a bas-relief found in the Acropolis. The rowers in +all classes of banked vessels sat in the same vertical plane, the +seats ascending in a line obliquely towards the stern of the vessel. +Thus in a trireme the thranite, or oarsman of the highest bank, +was nearest the stern of the set of three to which he belonged. +Next behind him and somewhat below him sat his zygite, or oarsman +of the second bank; and next below and behind the zygite +sat the thalamite, or oarsman of the lowest bank. The vertical +distance between these seats was 2 feet, the horizontal distance +about 1 foot. The horizontal distance, it is well to repeat, between +each seat in the same bank was 3 feet (the seat itself about 9 inches +broad). Each man had a resting-place for his feet, somewhat wide +apart, fixed to the bench of the man on the row next below and in +front of him. In rowing, the upper hand, as is shown in most of +the representations which remain, was held with the palm turned +inwards towards the body. This is accounted for by the angle at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> +which the oar was worked. The lowest rank used the shortest +oars, and the difference of the length of the oars on board was +caused by the curvature of the ship’s side. Thus, looked at +from within, the rowers amidship seemed to be using the longest +oars, but outside the vessel, as we are expressly told, all the oar-blades +of the same bank took the water in the same longitudinal +line. The lowest or thalamite oar-ports were 3 feet, the zygite +4<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> feet, +the thranite 5<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> feet above the water. Each oar-port was protected +by an <i>ascoma</i> or leather bag, which fitted over the oar, +closing the aperture against the wash of the sea without impeding +the action of the oar. The oar was tied by a thong, against which +it was probably rowed, which itself was attached to a thowl (<i>σκαλμός</i>). +The port-hole was probably oval in shape (the Egyptian and +Assyrian pictures show an oblong). We know that it was large +enough for a man’s head to be thrust through it.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig036" id="Fig036"></a> +<img src="images/illo036.png" alt="Two Ancient Galleys Fighting" width="500" height="180" /> +<p class="caption">ANCIENT GALLEY FIGHT, FROM POMPEII.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The benches on which the rowers sat ran from the vessel’s +side to timbers which, inclined at an angle of about 64° towards +the ship’s stern, reached from the lower to the upper deck. These +timbers were, according to Graser, called the diaphragmata. In +the trireme each diaphragma supported three, in the quinquereme +five, in the octireme eight, and in the famous tesseraconteres forty +seats of rowers, who all belonged to the same ‘complexus,’ though +each to a different bank. In effect, when once the principle of +construction had been established in the trireme, the increase to +larger rates was effected, so far as the motive power was concerned, +by lengthening the diaphragmata upwards, while the increase in +the length of the vessel gave a greater number of rowers to each +bank. The upper tiers of oarsmen exceeded in number those +below, as the contraction of the sides of the vessel left less available +space towards the bows.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>Of the length of the oars in the trireme we have an indication in +the fact that the length of supernumerary oars (<i>πηρινἐῳ</i>) rowed from +the gangway above the thranites, and therefore probably slightly +exceeding the thranitic oars in length, is given in the Attic tables +as 14 feet 3 inches. The thranites were probably about 14 feet. +The zygite, in proportion to the measurement, must have been 10<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>, +the thalamite 7<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> feet long. Comparing modern oars with these, +we find that the longest oars used in the British navy are 18 feet. +The University race is rowed with oars 12 feet 9 inches. The proportion +of the loom inboard was about one third, but the oars of +the rowers amidship must have been somewhat longer inboard. +The size of the loom inboard preserved the necessary equilibrium. +The long oars of the larger rates were weighted inboard with lead. +Thus the topmost oars of the tesseraconteres, of which the length +was 53 feet, were exactly balanced at the rowlock.</p> + +<p>The Attic trireme was built light for speed and for ramming +purposes. Her dimensions, so far as we can gather them from the +scattered notices of antiquity, were probably approximately as follows:—length +of rowing space (<i>ἔγκωπον</i>), 93 feet; bows, 11 feet; +stern, 14 feet; total, 118 feet; add 10 feet for the beak. The +breadth at the water-line is calculated at 14 feet, and above at the +broadest part 18 feet, exclusive of the gangways; the space between +the diaphragmata mentioned above was 7 feet. The deck was +11 feet above the water-line, and the draught about 8 to 9 feet. All +the Attic triremes appear to have been built upon the same model, +and their gear was interchangeable. The Athenians had a peculiar +system of girding the ships with long cables (<i>ὑποζώματα</i>), each +trireme having two or more, which, passing through eyeholes in +front of the stem-post, ran all round the vessel lengthwise immediately +under the waling-pieces. They were fastened at the stern +and tightened up with levers. These cables, by shrinking as soon +as they were wet, tightened the whole fabric of the vessel, and in +action, in all probability, relieved the hull from part of the shock +of ramming, the strain of which would be sustained by the waling-pieces +convergent in the beaks. These rope-girdles are not to be +confused with the process of undergirding or frapping, such as is +narrated of the vessel in which St. Paul was being carried to Italy. +The trireme appears to have had three masts. The mainmast +carried square sails, probably two in number. The foremast and +the mizen carried lateen sails. In action the Greeks did not use +sails, and everything that could be lowered was stowed below.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +The mainmasts and larger sails were often left ashore if a conflict +was expected.</p> + +<p>The crew of the Attic trireme consisted of from 200 to 225 men +in all. Of these 174 were rowers—54 on the lower bank (thalamites), +58 on the middle bank (zygites), and 62 on the upper bank +(thranites),—the upper oars being more numerous because of the +contraction of the space available for the lower tiers near the bow +and stern. Besides the rowers were about 10 marines (<i>ἐπιβάται</i>) +and 20 seamen. The officers were the trierarch and next to him +the helmsman (<i>κυβερνήτης</i>), who was the navigating officer of the +trireme. Each tier of rowers had its captain (<i>στοιχαρχός</i>). There +were also the captain of the forecastle (<i>πρωρηύς</i>), the ‘keleustes’ +who gave the time to the rowers, and the ship’s piper (<i>τριηραυλής</i>). +The rowers descended into the seven-foot space between the diaphragmata +and took their places in regular order, beginning with +the thalamites. The economy of space was such that, as Cicero +remarks, there was not room for one man more.</p></div> + +<p>Such, we may believe, was the trireme of the palmy days of +Athens. Built for speed, it was necessarily light and handy, +and easily turned, so that the formidable beak could be plunged +into the enemy’s side, the moment a chance was given. But it +required sea room for its manœuvres, and in a narrow strait or +land-locked harbour, such as that of Syracuse, was no match +for the solid balks of timber with which Corinthian and +Syracusan shipwrights strengthened the bows of their vessels. +Against these the pride of Athens was hurled in vain, only to +find itself broken up and rendered unseaworthy by the crash of +its own ram.</p> + +<p>With the defeat of Athens comes in the fashion of larger +vessels with more banks of oars, quadriremes, quinqueremes, +and so on up to sixteen banks, when the increase of the motive +power had been more than overtaken by the increase in bulk +and weight. The principles of construction in these larger +vessels seem to have been the same as in the trireme. The +space for each man was probably somewhat less, and the handles +of the upper tiers of oars were weighted with lead, so as to +give a balance at the thowl between the parts outboard and +inboard.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>A question difficult to solve has often been raised respecting +the pace at which these ancient galleys could be propelled. If +five-man power could be taken as equivalent to one-horse power, +then for the propulsion of the trireme there would have been +available about thirty-five horse power, but that would hardly +give a very high rate of speed.</p> + +<p>There is a passage in Xenophon<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a +href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> in which he speaks of +a distance of about 150 nautical miles, from Byzantium to +Heraclea, as possible for a trireme in a day, but a long day’s +work. Assuming eighteen hours’ work out of the twenty-four, +a speed of something over eight knots per hour would be +required for this, which may perhaps seem excessive. Still we +may believe that by a crew when fresh a pace not less than this +could be achieved.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <i>Anab.</i> vi. 42.</p></div> + +<p>The Romans, though it may be inferred from treaties with +Carthage and with Tarentum that they had some kind of fleet +in the time even of the kings, yet did not apply themselves +readily to maritime pursuits, and made no serious effort to +become masters of the Mediterranean till the first Punic War. +We hear then of their copying a quinquereme which had fallen +into their hands by accident. A fleet was constructed in sixty +days from the time that the trees were first cut down, and +meantime crews were practised diligently in rowing on dry land +in a framework of timber which represented the interior of the +vessels that were building. This first essay at extemporising a +fleet does not seem to have been very successful. But nothing +daunted they persevered, and the second venture under the +Admiral Duillius took with it to sea a new invention called the +‘corvus,’ a sort of boarding bridge by which, when it once fell +on the enemy’s vessel, the Roman infantry soon found its way +on to his deck, and made short work with the swarthy African +crew. This revolutionised the maritime struggle, and gave unexpectedly +the naval superiority to Rome. The large vessels of +war (<i>alta navium propugnacula</i>) continued to be built until the +time of Actium, when the light Liburnian galleys, which were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +biremes, were found to be more than a match for the leviathans, +whose doom from that moment was sealed.</p> + +<p>From that time, with the exception of the accounts of +<i>naumachiæ</i>, there is very little of interest about galleys to be +gathered. The coins and the paintings of Pompeii show us craft +degenerating in type. The column of Trajan exhibits biremes +as still in vogue. Later on there is a light thrown upon the +subject by the <i>Tactica</i> of the Byzantine Emperor Leo about 800 +<span class="smcap">a.d.</span>, who gives directions as to the building and composition +of his fleet, which is to consist of biremes, or dromones as he +calls them, and light galleys with one bank of oars.</p> + +<p>From these latter eventually sprang the mediæval galley, +which however differed from the ancient galley in the arrangement +of its oars by the use of the ‘apostis,’ a projecting +framework which took the place of the ancient ‘parodus,’ and +upon which the thowls were placed, against which the long +sweeps could be plied by two or three men attached to each. +For full and accurate descriptions of these mediæval vessels +the reader who has any curiosity on the subject should consult +the ample works of M. Jal. His <i>Archéologie Navale</i> and +<i>Glossaire Nautique</i> contain the fullest information as regards +the build, and fittings, and crews of the mediæval galley. The +sorrows and sufferings of ‘la Chiourme’ were enough to give +rowing a bad name, as an employment too cruel even for slaves +and fit to be reserved for criminals of the worst description.</p> + +<p>It is in England, and in the hands of English free men and +boys, that the oar has maintained an honourable name, as the +instrument of a pastime healthy and vigorous, with a record +not inglorious of struggles in which the strength and skill of +the nation’s youth have contended for the pride of place and +the joy of victory.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2> + +<h3>THE RISE OF MODERN OARSMANSHIP.</h3> + +<div class="wrapleftin" style="width: 600px; height: 294px; padding-bottom: 0; padding-right: 1em;"> +<img src="images/illo041a.png" alt="Top ornate header Ch. 2" width="600" height="294" /> +<a name="Fig041" id="Fig041"></a> +</div> + +<div class="wrapleftin" style="width: 245px; height: 154px; padding-right: 1em; padding-bottom: 2em;"> +<img src="images/illo041b.png" alt="Bottom ornate header Ch. 2" width="245" height="154" /> +<p class="caption">HENLEY COURSE (BETWEEN +RACES).</p> +</div> + +<h4 class="noclear" style="padding-top: 1em;">GENERAL.</h4> + +<p>Written records of rowing performances +in the last century are +but scarce. In 1715 Mr. Doggett, +comedian, founded a race which +has survived to the present day—to +wit, ‘Doggett’s coat and badge’ (of freedom of the river). +‘Watermen’ have to serve as ‘apprentices’ for seven years, during +which time they may not ply for hire on their own account, but +only on behalf of their masters. When they have served their +time they can become ‘free’ of the river, on payment of certain +fees to the Corporation.</p> + +<p>In order to encourage good oarsmanship, prizes which paid +the fees for freedom, and bestowed a ‘coat and badge’ of merit, +have often been given by patrons of aquatics. Doggett’s prize +is the oldest of its class, and of all established races. The contest +used to be from London Bridge to Chelsea against the ebb—a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +severe test of stamina; and formerly six only of the many +applicants for competition were allowed to row, being selected +by lot. The race is now reformed. It is managed by the +Fishmongers’ Company. The course is changed, so far that it +is now rowed on the flood. This makes it fairer; on the ebb, +it is hard to pass a leader who hugs the shore in the slack tide. +‘Trial heats’ are now rowed, to weed off competitors till the +old standard number of six only are left in. Authentic records +of the race exist since 1791.</p> + +<p>Mr. Brickwood, who has taken much pains to look up old +accounts, informs us in his ‘Boat Racing’ that the Westminster +‘water ledger,’ dating June 1813, is the earliest authentic record +of Thames aquatics of this century. We venture to give the +result of Mr. Brickwood’s researches in his own words:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>This book commences in the year 1813 with a single list of +the six-oared boat ‘Fly,’ viz., Messrs. H. Parry, E. O. Cleaver, +E. Parry, W. Markham, W. F. de Ros, G. Randolph. The +‘Fly’ continued to be the only boat of this school down to 1816 +inclusive, in which latter year it ‘beat the Temple six-oared boat +(Mr. Church stroke), in a race from Johnson’s dock to Westminster +Bridge, by half a boat; the latter men having been beat before;’ to +which is added a note that the Temple boat ‘requested the K. S. +to row this short distance, having been completely beat by them +in a longer row the same evening.’ In 1817 there was a six-oar +built for Westminster, called the ‘Defiance,’ and ‘sheepskin seats +were introduced.’ In 1818, the ‘Westminster were challenged by +the Etonians,’ and a six-oared crew was in course of preparation +for the race, but the contest was prohibited. In 1819 an eight-oar +called the ‘Victory’ was launched, but the six-oar ‘Defiance’ +appears to have been the representative crew of the school, for +there is a note that in the spring of 1821 ‘the boat improved +considerably and beat the “Eagle” in a short pull from Battersea to +Putney Bridge.’ In 1823 a new six-oared cutter was built, and the +name of ‘Queen Bess’ given in honour of the illustrious foundress. +In 1823 this boat was started from the Horseferry at half past five +in the morning, and reached Chertsey bridge by three o’clock. +On their way back they dined at Walton, and again reached the +Horseferry by a quarter before nine. The crew of the eight-oar +‘Victory’ in the same year ‘distinguished themselves in +the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +Temple race and several others.’ A new eight called the ‘Challenge’ +was launched in 1824, and the record says this boat did beat every +boat that it came alongside of, as also did the ‘Victory.’ And +again in April 13, 1825, this boat (‘Challenge’) started from the +Horseferry at four minutes past three in the morning, reached +Sunbury to breakfast at half past seven, and having taken luncheon +at the London Stairs, just above Staines, went through Windsor +bridge by two o’clock in the afternoon. After having seen Eton, +the crew returned to Staines to dinner, and ultimately arrived at +the Horseferry, having performed this distance in twenty-one +hours. The locks detained them full three hours, and, including +all stoppages, they were detained seven hours. A waterman of +the name of Ellis steered the boat in this excursion, and both +steered and conducted himself remarkably well.</p></div> + +<p>Such are some of the early Westminster School annals, as +collated by Mr. Brickwood. One cannot help feeling that if +these long journeys were samples of the school aquatics, it is not +to be wondered that parents and guardians of old days imbibed +prejudices against rowing, and considered it injurious both to +health and to study.</p> + +<p>In the following decade there seem to have been plenty of +aquatics current. The ‘Bell’s Life’ files of those days teem +with aquatic notes. One day we read (dated May 26, 1834) +a self-exculpatory letter from Dr. Williamson, head-master of +Westminster School, explaining why he did not approve of his +scholars rowing a match against Eton, and complaining of the +‘intemperance and excesses which such matches lead to.’</p> + +<p><a name="SecRef12" id="SecRef12"></a>On July 3, says ‘Bell’ of July 6 in that year, a match was +rowed between a randan (Campbell, Moulton, and Godfrey) +and a four-oar (Harris, Eld, Butcher, and Dodd, Cole cox.)—from +Putney to Westminster. The randan were favourites, and +led; but Moulton fainted, and the four won. The race was +for a purse of 70<i>l.</i>—50<i>l.</i> for winners and 20<i>l.</i> for losers. In +the same paper, Williams challenges Campbell to a match—apparently +for the incipient title of Champion of the Thames. +Williams wishes Campbell to stake 40<i>l.</i> to 30<i>l.</i>, because he is +six years the younger. Compare the modesty of these stakes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +with those for which modern champion, and some less important +matches, are rowed!</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig044" id="Fig044"></a> +<img src="images/illo044.png" alt="Old-fashioned way of starting college eights" width="500" height="330" /> +<p class="caption">METHOD OF STARTING THE COLLEGE EIGHTS PRIOR TO 1825—OXFORD</p></div> + +<p>‘Lyons House’ seems to have been a sort of resort for +amateurs. Cole, who steered the waterman’s four (<i><a href="#SecRef12">supra</a></i>) <i>v.</i> +the randan, is described as the waterman of those rooms.</p> + +<p>On July 8, same year, a Mr. Kemp, of the 3rd Dragoon +Guards, matches himself for a large stake to ‘row his own boat’ +from Hampton Court to Westminster and back in nine hours. +Time is favourite, but Mr. Kemp wins by 27 minutes, having +met the tide for several miles of his voyage. Such are a few +samples of the current style of aquatic sports between 1830 and +1840.</p> + +<p>The ‘Wingfield Sculls’ were founded in 1830, given by the +donor, whose name they bear, to be held as a challenge prize +by the best sculler of the day from Westminster to Putney, +against all comers, on the ‘4th of August for ever’—so a silver +plate in the lid of the old box which holds the silver sculls bears +testimony. Since its foundation the prize has been more than +once placed on a different footing. Parliaments of old champions +and competitors for the prize have been summoned, and +the original donor gave assent to the changes of course and +<i>régime</i>. Lists of winners and competitors from year to year, +with notes as to the course rowed, will be found in ‘<a href="#Page_243">Tables</a>’ +later on. The race has from its earliest years been described +by amateurs as equivalent of ‘amateur championship.’ A panoply +of silver plates has grown up in and around the box which +holds the trophy, and on these plates is recorded the name of +each winner from year to year. About a quarter of a century +ago a ‘champion badge’ was instituted. It consists of a small +edition of the Diamond Sculls (Henley) challenge prize; as to +shape, it is a pair of silver sculls crossed with an enamel wreath +and mounted on a ribbon like a ‘decoration’ or ‘order.’ There +is a ‘clasp’ for the year of winning. A second win only adds +a fresh clasp with date, but no second badge. The secretary +of the ‘order’ is Mr. E. D. Brickwood, himself winner of the +title in 1861.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></p> + +<h4>UNIVERSITY TRAINING.</h4> + +<p>Eight-oars had been manned at Eton before they found +their way to Oxford. At Cambridge they appeared still later. +At both Universities a plurality of eight-oars clubs had +existed for some seasons before the first University match—1829.</p> + +<p>In 1881, at the time when the ‘Jubilee’ dinner of University +boat-racing was held, the writer took the opportunity of +the presence in London of the Rev. T. Staniforth, the stroke +of the first winning University eight, to inquire from him +his recollections of college boat-racing in his undergraduate +days.</p> + +<p>Fortunately for posterity, Mr. Staniforth had kept a diary +during his Oxford career, and it had noted many a fact connected +with aquatics. He kindly undertook to bring to London +at his next visit his diaries of Oxford days. He met the writer, +searched his diaries, and out of them recorded history which +was taken down from his lips, and reduced to the following +article, which appeared in ‘Land and Water’ of December 17, +1881.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> +It is now reproduced verbatim, by leave. The writer +regrets to say that, from various causes, he has been unable to +pursue his researches beyond the dates when Mr. Staniforth’s +diaries cease to record Oxford aquatics.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> +See <a href="#Page_313">Appendix</a>.</p></div> + +<p>There must be many an old oarsman still alive who can +recall historical facts between 1830 and 1836, and it is hoped +that such memories may be reduced to writing for the benefit +of posterity, and for the honour of the oarsmen of those years, +before <i>tempus edax rerum</i> makes it too late.</p> + +<p>The writer considers that he will do better thus to reproduce +verbatim his own former contribution to ‘Land and Water’ than +to paraphrase it. The more so because much of the text of it +is actually the <i>ἔπεα πτερόεντα</i> +of the old Oxford stroke, taken +down as uttered from his lips to the writer, and read over again<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +to him for emendation or other alteration, before the interview +in question was concluded. It may be added that Mr. Staniforth +kindly showed to the writer the actual text of the +diaries referred to, from which he refreshed his memory and +recorded the appended history.</p> + +<p>As to the intermediate history between 1830 and 1837, in +which year the Brasenose boating record opens (two seasons +before an O.U.B.C. was founded), Christ Church started head +in 1837; therefore, apparently, they finished head in 1836.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig048" id="Fig048"></a> +<img src="images/illo048.png" alt="Oxford eight, 1829" width="500" height="298" /> +<p class="caption">OXFORD BOAT IN 1829.</p></div> + +<p>Mr. Brickwood, in his book on ‘Boat Racing,’ has collected +some history of these years, but unfortunately he does not +record the source, so that what might be a tree of knowledge +for inquirers to pluck more from seems to be sealed against +our curiosity. We have, however, to thank him for the following +information, which we reproduce (page 157 of ‘Boat Racing’):—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1833.—Queen’s College is chronicled as head of the river at +Oxford this being the only record between 1825 and 1834. Christ +Church, it is true, was said to have kept that position for many +years, but the precise number is not given. However, there seems +no doubt that Christ Church was head in 1834, 1835, and 1836, +after which the official record commences.</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>Mr. Brickwood, moreover, seems to have gleaned from some +independent source sundry valuable details of early Oxford +races. He tells us that ‘the first known races were those of +the college eights in 1815, when Brasenose was the head boat, +and their chief and perhaps their only opponent was Jesus.’ +He speaks of four-oared races in the next ensuing years, and +of a match between Mr. de Ros’ four and a pair manned by a +B.N.C. man and a waterman—won by the pair. Then comes +some information as to the years 1822, 1824, and 1825, which +exactly tallies with Mr. Staniforth’s journals, save that Mr. +Brickwood ascribes the discontinuance of the races in 1823 +directly to the recorded quarrel between B.N.C. and Jesus; +whereas Mr. Staniforth attributes it to the untimely death of +Musgrave (<i><a href="#SecRef13">supra</a></i>).</p> + +<p>The first University race took place in 1829, over the course +from Hambledon Lock to Henley. Mr. Staniforth states that +till the Oxford went to practise over the course, no one thought +of steering an eight through the Berks channel, past ‘regatta’ +island. However, the Oxonians ‘timed’ the two straits, and +decided to select the Berks one, if they got the chance. They +took that channel in the race and won easily. A foul occurred +in the first essay at starting, and the boats were restarted. +This pair of pioneer University crews produced men of more +than usual celebrity in after life: two embryo bishops, three +deans, one prebendary, and divers others hereafter</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">In hamlet and hall<br /></span> +<span class="i1">As well known to all<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As the vane of the old church spire.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The full list of the crews engaged in this and in all other +contests in which Universities were represented, will be found in +‘<a href="#Page_243">Tables</a>’ towards the end of this volume. At this time there +was no O.U.B.C., nor did such an organisation exist until +1839, when a ‘meeting of strokes’ of the various colleges was +convened, and a generally representative club was founded. +At Cambridge a U.B.C. had existed since 1827. In that year<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> +the system of college eights seems to have been instituted, +according to the testimony of Dr. Merivale, still Dean of Ely, +and a member of the C.U.B.C. crew of 1829. Trinity were +head of the river on that occasion, and there seems to have +been also a Westminster club, of an independent nature in +Trinity. The records of college racing at Cambridge seem to +be unbroken since their institution; whereas those of Oxford +were for many years unofficial and without central organisation, +and consequently without official record, until 1839. The +Brasenose Club record dates from 1837.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig050" id="Fig050"></a> +<img src="images/illo050.png" alt="Old Style Bumping Race" width="500" height="277" /> +<p class="caption">BUMPING RACES (OLD STYLE).</p></div> + +<p>The next occasion in which a University eight figured was +in a match which somehow seems to have slipped out of public +memory, though it occurred several years later than the first +match between the Universities. The writer was talking to old +George West, the well-known Oxford waterman, in 1882, at the +L.R.C. boat-house, while waiting for the practice of the U.B.C. +crews of that year. Casually old George remarked, ‘I steered +a University eight once, sir.’ The writer looked incredulous. +‘Yes, against Leander—Leander won,’ quoth George. The +writer had known West since his school days, and had heard +him recapitulate his aquatic memories times out of mind, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +never till that hour had he heard any allusion to this Leander +match. Only the year before, the ‘Jubilee’ dinner of old +Blues had taken place, and all who had ever been known to +have represented their University in a match or regatta were +asked to join in the celebration. At that date not one of the +executive had any inkling of this match, although one of the +Oxford crew, the present Bishop of Norwich, could certainly +have been found at an hour’s notice. Letters from old oarsmen, +who had not actually rowed for the flag (often because +there was no match during their career), used to pour in while +the jubilee feast was in preparation, asking for admittance to it. +None of this Oxford crew seem to have put in any claim. A +slight, though an unintentional one, was thus perpetrated upon +all of them, whether alive or dead, by the omission to record +them as old Blues on that occasion. When the writer compiled +the history of ‘Old Blues and their Battles,’ which Mr. G. +T. Treherne incorporated in his book of ‘Record of the University +Boat Race,’ and which was published soon after the +jubilee, neither of these gentlemen was aware of this race. +No speaker at the banquet seemed to remember or allude to it. +Yet, on referring to old files of ‘Bell’s Life,’ record of this match +is to be found. Since it was recorded in that journal, it seems +to have been unnoticed in any print till now. Better late than +never; the performers in it are now officially brought to light, +and their names will be found in the <a href="#SecRef08">tables</a> of University oarsmen +and their opponents, later on.</p> + +<p>This match was for 200<i>l.</i> a side. Leander would row on +no other terms, and insisted on having their own waterman to +steer them, as they did in their later matches against Cambridge. +This was the only Oxford University eight ever steered +by a professional. Only one of the 1829 crew seems to have +remained to do duty in this race. The Pelham referred to is +now Bishop of Norwich. He used, before this, to row in the +Christ Church eight behind Staniforth. The Waterford is the +former marquis of that ilk, who lost his life later on through +a fall when hunting. <i>En passant</i>, it may be mentioned that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> +Bishop Selwyn (of C.U.B.C. crew 1829) and Pelham of Oxford +1834, each begat sons who rowed for their respective Universities: +Selwyn, junr. 1864 and 1866; Pelham, junr. 1877 and +1878. The latter oarsman unfortunately lost his life in the +Alps very shortly afterwards. J. R. Selwyn has succeeded his +late father as a colonial bishop. Inasmuch as we here record, +for the first time for two generations, a lost chapter of University +Boat Racing, we think it will be of interest to append +the account given, in ‘Bell’s Life’ of that day, of this forgotten +match.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><h4><span class="smcap">Eight-Oared Match—London and the Oxford +Amateurs for £200.</span><a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></h4> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span +class="label">[5]</span></a> <i>Bell’s Life</i>, Sunday, June 26, 1831.</p></div> + +<p>This interesting match was decided on Saturday week at +Henley Reach. The Trinity boat, built by Archer of Lambeth, +proved successful on a former occasion when opposed to the +Oxonians, was, we understand, again selected by them in the first +instance, but they ultimately decided on rowing in a boat built by +Searle, which they considered had been unjustly denounced ‘a +rank bad un,’ simply on the score of the Cambridge gentlemen +and the Westminster Scholars having lost their matches in her—the +former against Oxford, and the latter against the Etonians.</p> + +<p>The gentlemen of Oxford selected a large but peculiarly light +eight belonging to Mr. Davis of Oxford. On Friday the London +gentlemen left town for Henley, and took up their quarters at +the Red Lion. Noulton of Lambeth was selected to steer them. +Although Oxford were favourites on the match being first concocted, +it was with difficulty that a bet could be made on the Londoners +on the last two days, and then only at 6 to 4 against Oxford.</p> + +<p>At about 6.30 the contending parties arrived in their cutters +near the lock, to row from thence against the stream to Henley +Bridge, which is reckoned two and a quarter miles.</p> + +<p>The names of the respective parties and their stations in the +cutters were as follows:</p> + +<p><i>London</i>—Bishop (stroke), Captain Shaw, J. Bayford, Lewis, +Cannon, Weedon, Revell, Hornemann.</p> + +<p><i>Oxford</i>—Copplestone (stroke), Lloyd, Barnes, Pelham, Peard, +Marsh, Marquis of Waterford, Carter. The latter was steered, we +believe, by a boy belonging to the lock.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>Mr. Hume and Mr. Bayford were appointed umpires on part of +the London gentlemen, and Mr. Lloyd and another gentleman on +the side of Oxford.</p> + +<p>The Oxford gentlemen won the toss and took the inside station. +The umpires having a second time asked if all was ready, receiving +an answer in the affirmative, gave the signal. In less than a dozen +seconds the London gentlemen almost astounded their opponents +by going about a boat’s length in advance, so rapid were their +strokes when compared with those of Oxford. The Oxford gentlemen +soon recovered. Before half the distance had been rowed +London were two lengths in advance. The Oxonians, finding they +were losing ground, made a desperate effort and succeeded in +coming within a painter’s length. On nearing the goal the exertions +of each party were increasing. One London gentleman +(Captain Shaw) seemed so much exhausted, that it was feared he +would not hold out the remaining distance. Noulton, seeing this +and fearing the consequence, observing the Oxford gentlemen fast +approaching them, said that ‘if the Londoners did not give it her +it would be all up with them.’ They did give it her, and the consequence +was they became victorious by about two boats’ lengths. +The distance was rowed in 11<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> minutes.</p> + +<p>The exertions at the conclusion of the contest became lamentably +apparent. Captain Shaw nearly fainted and had to be carried +ashore; Mr. Bayford was obliged to retire to bed instantly; so +was also one of the Oxford gentlemen. The others were more or +less exhausted.</p> + +<p>The London gentlemen rowed to town on Tuesday, and were +greeted on their way with cheering and cannon. On arriving at +Searle’s a <i>feu-de-joie</i> was fired.</p></div> + +<p><i>Note.</i>—Of the various performers in this Oxford crew, the +following notices of the after career of some may be of interest. +Messrs. Copplestone and Pelham rose to adorn the episcopate. +Mr. Peard became known to fame as ‘Garibaldi’s Englishman,’ +and played an important part in the cause of the liberation of +Italy.</p> + +<p>There had been a second University match in 1836, this +time from Westminster to Putney (see <a href="#Page_252">Tables</a>). No official +record exists of this. It is said that ‘light blue’ was on this +occasion first adopted by Cambridge. Certainly in 1829 the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +Cantab crew wore <i>pink</i>, while Oxford sported blue. The late +Mr. R. M. Phillips, of Christ’s, used to tell the writer that he it +was who fortuitously founded light blue on this occasion. He +was on the raft at Searle’s when the Cantab crew were preparing +to start (either for the race or for a day’s practice) the race so +far as recollection of Mr. Phillips’ narrative serves the writer. +One of the crew said, ‘We have no colours.’ Mr. Phillips +ran off to buy some ribbon in Stangate. An old Etonian +accompanied him, and suggested ‘Eton ribbon for luck.’ It +was bought, it came in first, and was adhered to in later years +by Cambridge.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig054" id="Fig054"></a> +<img src="images/illo054.png" alt="College pair" width="500" height="362" /> +<p class="caption">A COLLEGE PAIR.</p></div> + +<p>In 1837 the head college crews of the two Universities rowed +a match at Henley. The Brasenose book says, Christ Church +were head, but took off because their Dean objected to their +rowing at Henley; the effect of their ‘taking off’ was to leave +Queen’s College, on whom the representation of the college +crews would devolve, with the titular headship.</p> + +<p>The B.N.C. book says, the Queen’s crew went, ‘as was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +usual,’ to row the head boat of Cambridge, and beat them +easily. The latter statement is correct. Mr. Brickwood in his +treatise demurs to the accuracy of the B.N.C. allegation that +such matches were ‘usual,’ and research qualifies his scepticism. +The B.N.C. hon. sec. of that day seems to have been drawing +somewhat upon his imagination. He had probably heard +of these various Leander and other matches at Henley in +other years; hence his inference.</p> + +<h4>1837.</h4> + +<h5><i>Henley. College match.</i></h5> + +<table summary="Table page 38"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center br top"><span class="smcap">Queen’s.</span></td> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Lady Margaret</span><br />(St. John’s).</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow br"> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Lee, Stanlake.</td> +<td class="right padl5 padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left">Shadwell, Alfred H.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Glazbrook, Robert.</td> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left">Colquhoun, Patrick.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Welsh, Jos.</td> +<td class="right padl5 padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left">Wood, H. O.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Robinson, John.</td> +<td class="right padl5 padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left">Antrobus, Edmund.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Meyrick, Jos.</td> +<td class="right padl5 padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left">Budd, R. H.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Todd, Jos.</td> +<td class="right padl5 padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left">Fane, W. D.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Eversley, John.</td> +<td class="right padl5 padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left">Fletcher, Ralph.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Penny, Chas. J. (stroke).</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left">Hurt, Robert (stroke).</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padr5 br">Berkeley, Geo. T. (cox.).</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left">Jackson, Curtis (cox.).</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p>The names of the Queen’s and St. John’s crews are here +given, instead of recording them in the lists of University oars, +for this was not strictly a University race, though in those days +it had almost as much prestige as one.</p> + +<p>In 1839 the third University match was rowed, and Henley +Regatta was founded. At the Universities, about this date, +various prizes were established, all of which gave a stimulus to +oarsmanship.</p> + +<p>Pair-oar races were established at Oxford in 1839. They +were rowed with coxswains until 1847. At Cambridge similar +pairs were founded in 1844, and were rowed from the first without +coxswains. The obsolete rudder of the Oxford pairs is +now held by the coxswain of the head eight. The Colquhoun +Sculls had been founded at Cambridge in 1837. ‘University +Sculls’ were instituted at Oxford in 1841. Four-oar races, each<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +crew to be from one college, were founded at Oxford in 1840, +and at Cambridge in 1849. Thus, by the latter year, each +U.B.C. had its set of contests for all classes of craft—eights, fours, +pairs, and sculls. Lists of the winners of these various honours +from year to year will be found <a href="#Page_243">elsewhere</a> in this volume.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig056" id="Fig056"></a> +<img src="images/illo056.png" alt="Guard boats being towed up" width="500" height="300" /> +<p class="caption">TOWING GUARD BOATS UP HENLEY REACH.</p></div> + +<p>Aquatics may be said to have reached full swing with the +completion of these institutions at the Universities. Matches +between the Universities were propounded annually by one or +other club from 1839, but time and place could not always be +agreed upon, nor could ‘dons’ be always persuaded to allow +men to row in such races. There was many a hitch in old +days, from one cause or another. Since 1850 the U.B.C.’s +have annually met each other in some shape or other at Henley, +or in a match; since, and including, 1856 matches over the +Putney course have been annual. Since 1859 neither University +has put on at any regatta.</p> + +<p>Various causes tended to stimulate rowing, e.g. regattas and +also professional racing, which is dealt with separately under +the head of ‘<a href="#Page_217">Professionals</a>.’ A perusal of the <a href="#Page_243">tables of records</a> +of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +Henley and other regattas will also show how competitions +gradually increased in number, and also in the fields which +they produced.</p> + +<h4>REGATTAS.</h4> + +<p>The institution of Henley Regatta in 1839 was the outcome of +the various eight-oared matches which have been rowed on that +part of the river during the ten years preceding. The regatta +began with one prize only, the Grand Challenge Cup, a trophy +which is unique for classical design, and which is to this day +the ‘blue ribbon’ for amateur clubs. The gradual growth of +Henley may be traced by perusal of a leading article contributed +by the writer of this chapter to the ‘Field,’ in the July +of 1886, on the eve of the greatest change which the regatta has +undergone, that of alteration of the course. The article is now +reproduced,<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> +through the courtesy of the proprietors of that journal.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_313">Appendix</a>.</p></div> + +<p>The new course, as compared with the old one, will best +be understood by reference to the map of the reach, which +appears elsewhere. The change has had only two trials, those +of 1886 and 1887, but it may be said that so far rowing clubs +which frequent Henley are unanimous in approving of the +alteration; and so are all retired oarsmen, whose personal experience +of the regatta was under the old <i>régime</i>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig058" id="Fig058"></a> +<img src="images/illo058.png" alt="Start of the eights at Henley Old Course" width="500" height="322" /> +<p class="caption">STARTING THE EIGHTS—OLD COURSE, HENLEY.</p></div> + +<p>The old course was very one-sided. In the middle third of a +mile—on a stormy day—with a stiff wind from W. or S.W., the +shelter of the Bucks bushes—especially before house-boats and +steam launches multiplied and monopolised the frontage of the +Bucks and Oxon shores—used to reverse entirely the advantage +otherwise pertaining to the Berks stations. On such a day the +Berks station placed most boats hopelessly out of the race, +unless they could keep within a length of the Bucks boat till +the ‘point’ was reached—in which case the poplar corner made +a pretty counterpoise to the advantage of Bucks shelter, and +caused some interesting finishes. Under the new <i>régime</i> not +more than two boats can row in one heat; and as the course is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +now staked out, and neither competitor can hug the bank, the +difference between windward and leeward stations, even when +hereafter a gale shall blow, will no longer be so glaring as of +old.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig060" id="Fig060"></a> +<img src="images/illo060.png" alt="Pair Oar" width="500" height="322" /> +<p class="caption">PAIR-OAR.</p></div> + +<p>The Universities no longer compete at Henley. In these +days of keelless boats more practice is needed, in order to do justice +to the craft, than when heavier and steadier craft were used. +It is found to be impossible to collect all the eight best men of +either U.B.C. twice in one year. Examination and other causes +reduce the ranks more or less; and, as the annual Putney match +between the Universities is considered by them to be of more +importance than any other contest, they devote their best energies +to that, and leave minor sections of either U.B.C. to fight Henley +battles. It is found that a good college eight, or a club crew of +which some one college forms a nucleus, can be got together +better, in the limited time available for practice for the regatta, +than eight better men who probably cannot find time to practise +all together for more than a week, and who will further, for the +same reason, be short of condition.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>Till 1856, it was the custom for the U.B.C.’s, if they could +not agree as to time and place for a match, to assent to meet +each other in the Grand Challenge; and such meetings ranked +practically as University matches. Records of these <i>rencontres</i> +of the U.B.C.’s will be found in <a href="#Page_245">tables</a> at the end of this volume, +together with a history of Henley past and future.</p> + +<p>The ‘Seven-oar episode’ of 1843 was not a University +match or meeting. The O.U.B.C. were entered at Henley; +Cambridge were represented by the ‘Cambridge Rooms;’ but +the C.U.B.C. was not officially represented by that crew. Just +before the final heat, the Oxford stroke fainted, and the Cambridge +reasonably objected to the introduction of a substitute. +The Oxonians then decided to row with seven oars. They +had a wind abeam, favouring the side which was manned by +only three oars. They eventually won by a length, or thereabouts.</p> + +<p>In 1843 the Thames Regatta was started, and greatly supplemented +the attractions of Henley. The mistake of this regatta +was the rule which made challenge prizes the permanent property +of any crew which could win them thrice in succession. +By this means the Gold Cup for eights, the <i>pièce de résistance</i> +of the regatta, passed in 1848 to the possession of the ‘Thames’ +Club. The regatta lingered on one year longer, shorn of its +chief glory, and then died out.</p> + +<p>Records of the winners of the chief prizes at it, amateurs +as well as professionals, will be found in ‘<a href="#Page_243">Tables</a>.’</p> + +<p>In 1854 a new Thames regatta, called the ‘National,’ +was founded. It was supported by the ‘Thames Subscription +Club,’ and died with that club in 1866. In the last year of its +existence it introduced amateur prizes as well as the usual +bonuses for professionals. In 1866 a very important regatta +was founded—the Metropolitan. Its founders expected it to +eclipse Henley, by dint of offers of more valuable prizes, but +it never took the fancy of the University element, and for want +of the wider-spread competition which strong entries from the +U.B.C.’s would have produced, it never attained the prestige of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +Henley. Still the honours of winning eights, fours, pairs, or +sculls at it rank, in amateur estimation, second only to Henley. +Barnes Regatta is of very old standing. The tideway is always +a drawback to scenery, but Barnes always used to produce +good audiences and good competitors. Its chief patrons were +tideway clubs and the Kingston Rowing Club.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig062" id="Fig062"></a> +<img src="images/illo062.png" alt="Gondola" width="450" height="380" /> +<p class="caption">GONDOLA.</p></div> + +<p>Walton-on-Thames flourished in the ‘sixties.’ It has now +died out. It was as a picnic second only to Henley. The +course was rather one-sided, and hardly long enough to test +stamina.</p> + +<p>Molesey Regatta, of less than ten years’ growth, now holds +much the same station in aquatics that Walton-on-Thames +once claimed. It draws its sinews of war from much the same +up-river locality that used to feed Walton.</p> + +<p>Kingston-on-Thames has a longer history than any regatta<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +except Henley. Its fortunes hang on the Kingston Rowing +Club, but it is well patronised by tideway clubs.</p> + +<p>Regattas have for a season or two been known at Staines +and Chertsey, but they depended on some one or two local +men of energy, and, when this support failed, they died out.</p> + +<p>Reading has a good reach, and has of late come to the fore +with a good meeting and a handsome challenge cup.</p> + +<p>To return to watermen’s regattas. The late Mr. J. G. +Chambers, and a strong gathering of amateur allies of his, revived +a second series of Thames regattas in 1868; these meetings +were confined to watermen and other professionals, whose +doings are scheduled in ‘<a href="#Page_243">Tables</a>’ hereafter. How the second +series of Thames National regattas followed the fate of series +No. 1, and of the ‘Royal Thames Regatta’ before that, will be +found in the chapter on <a href="#Page_217">professional rowing</a>. The so-called +‘International’ Regatta lived but two years, and fell through +so soon as its mercenary promoters came to the conclusion +that they could not see their way to harvest filthy lucre out +of it.</p> + +<p>There used to be a well-attended regatta at Talkintarn, in +the Lake district. It died out from causes similar to those +which led to the collapse of the ‘Royal’ Thames regattas, i.e. +the dedication of its prizes to those who could win them a +certain number of times consecutively. The Messrs. Brickwood +thus became the absolute owners of the chief prize for +pairs, and a Tyne crew became the proprietors of the four-oar +prize.</p> + +<p>The Tyne, the Wear, Chester, Bedford, Tewkesbury, Worcester, +Bridgnorth, Bath, and other provincial towns produce +regattas, but none of them succeed in drawing many of the +leading Thames clubs, and without these no regatta ever establishes +even second-class prestige.</p> + +<p>The rules of Henley Regatta are here appended. They +serve to inform intending competitors of the code under which +they will have to enter and to row, and they may also offer valuable +hints to other regatta executives, present and future.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></p> + +<h4>HENLEY ROYAL REGATTA.</h4> + +<h5><i>Established 1839.</i></h5> + +<table summary="Table page 45"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><i>President.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">The Right Honourable Lord Camoys.</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><i>Stewards.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">The Mayor of Henley.</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br" style="width: 20em;">The Rt. Hon. the <span class="smcap">Earl of Macclesfield</span>.</td> +<td class="left padl1" style="width: 20em;"><span class="smcap">Fredk. Fenner</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">W. H. Vanderstegen</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">H. T. Steward</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">Alexander C. Forbes</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1">Colonel <span class="smcap">Baskerville</span>.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">J. F. Hodges</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">Hugh Mair</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">Henry Knox</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1">Sir <span class="smcap">F. G. Stapylton</span>, Bart.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">J. W. Rhodes</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">W. H. Grenfell</span>, Esq., M.P.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">W. D. Mackenzie</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">J. H. D. Goldie</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">Henry Hodges</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1">The Rt. Hon. <span class="smcap">Lord Londesborough</span>.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br">The Rev. <span class="smcap">E. Warre</span>, D.D.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">T. C. Edwardes-Moss</span>, Esq., M.P.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">F. Willan</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">J. Cooper</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">Charles Stephens</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">J. Page</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br"><span class="smcap">John Noble</span>, Esq.</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">A. Brakspear</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left br">The Rt. Hon. <span class="smcap">W. H. Smith</span>, M.P.</td> +<td class="left padl1">The Rt. Hon. the <span class="smcap">Earl of Antrim</span>.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">A. Brakspear</span>, <i>Hon. Treasurer</i>.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">J. F. Cooper</span>, <i>Secretary</i>.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c05" /> + +<h4>CONSTITUTION.</h4> + +<p>On May 16, 1885, at a meeting of the stewards, the following +resolutions were agreed to:—</p> + +<p>1. That the stewards of Henley Regatta shall constitute a +council for the general control of the affairs of the regatta.</p> + +<p>2. That the stewards shall elect a president, who shall, if present, +take the chair at the general meetings.</p> + +<p>3. That the chairman shall have a casting vote.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>4. That not less than <i>five</i> shall form a quorum at the general +meetings.</p> + +<p>5. That two ordinary general meetings shall be held in each +year, one in the month of May and another in the month of +November.</p> + +<p>6. That other general meetings shall be summoned by the +secretary, when ordered by the president, or at the request of any +two stewards, in writing, provided that not less than fourteen days’ +notice shall be given of any such meeting.</p> + +<p>7. That the stewards shall elect annually, at the meeting in +November, from their own body, a committee of management.</p> + +<p>8. That the number of the committee shall not exceed twelve, +of whom not less than <i>three</i> shall form a quorum.</p> + +<p>9. That the committee shall elect one of their own body to act +as chairman.</p> + +<p>10. That the committee be empowered to manage and exercise +control over all matters connected with the regatta, excepting +such as shall involve the alteration of any of the published rules +of the regatta.</p> + +<p>11. That the committee shall present a report, together with +a statement of accounts, to the stewards, annually, at the November +meeting in each year.</p> + +<p>12. That meetings of the committee shall be summoned by +the secretary when ordered by the chairman, or at the request of +any two members of the committee, in writing, providing that not +less than one week’s notice be given of any such meeting.</p> + +<p>13. That the committee shall have power to make and publish +by-laws respecting any matter connected with the management +of the regatta, not already determined in the published rules.</p> + +<p>14. That no alteration shall be made in any of the foregoing +resolutions, or in any of the published rules of the regatta, except +at a general meeting specially convened for that purpose, of which +fourteen days’ notice shall be given, such notice to state the alterations +proposed, and unless the alteration be carried by a majority +of two-thirds at a meeting of not less than nine stewards.</p> + +<hr class="c05" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></p> + +<h4>QUALIFICATION RULES.</h4> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Grand Challenge Cup</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR EIGHT-OARS.</h6> + +<p>Any crew of amateurs who are members of any University or +Public School, or who are officers of her Majesty’s army or +navy, or any amateur club established at least one year previous +to the day of entry, shall be qualified to contend for this prize.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Stewards’ Challenge Cup</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR FOUR-OARS.</h6> + +<p>The same as for the Grand Challenge Cup.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Ladies’ Challenge Plate</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR EIGHT-OARS.</h6> + +<p>Any crew of amateurs who are members of any of the boat +clubs of colleges, or non-collegiate boat clubs of the Universities, +or boat clubs of any of the Public Schools, in the United Kingdom +only, shall be qualified to contend for this prize; but no member +of any college or non-collegiate crew shall be allowed to row for +it who has exceeded four years from the date of his first commencing +residence at the University; and each member of a Public School +crew shall, at the time of entering, be <i>bonâ fide</i> a member ‘<i>in statu +pupillari</i>’ of such school.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Visitors’ Challenge Cup</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR FOUR-OARS.</h6> + +<p>The same as for the Ladies’ Challenge Plate.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Thames Challenge Cup</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR EIGHT-OARS.</h6> + +<p>The qualification for this cup shall be the same as for the +Grand Challenge Cup; but no one (coxswains excepted) may enter +for this cup who has ever rowed in a winning crew for the Grand +Challenge Cup or Stewards’ Challenge Cup; and no one (substitutes +as per Rule 7 excepted) may enter, and no one shall row, for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +this cup and for the Grand Challenge Cup or Stewards’ Challenge +Cup at the same regatta.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Wyfold Challenge Cup</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR FOUR-OARS.</h6> + +<p>The qualification for this cup shall be the same as for the +Stewards’ Challenge Cup; but no one shall enter for this cup who +has ever rowed in a winning crew for the Stewards’ Challenge +Cup; and no one (substitutes as per Rule 11 excepted) may enter, +and no one shall row, for this cup and for the Stewards’ Challenge +Cup at the same regatta.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Silver Goblets</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR PAIR-OARS.</h6> + +<p>Open to all amateurs duly entered for the same according to +the rules following.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">The Diamond Challenge Sculls</span>,</h5> + +<h6>FOR SCULLS.</h6> + +<p>Open to all amateurs duly entered for the same according to +the rules following.</p> + +<hr class="c05" /> + +<h4>GENERAL RULES.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Definition.</i>—1. No person shall be considered an amateur oarsman, +sculler, or coxswain—</p> + +<p>(<i>a</i>) Who has ever taken part in any open competition for a stake, +money, or entrance fee;</p> + +<p>(<i>b</i>) Who has ever knowingly competed with or against a professional +for any prize;</p> + +<p>(<i>c</i>) Who has ever taught, pursued, or assisted in the practice of +athletic exercises of any kind for profit;</p> + +<p>(<i>d</i>) Who has ever been employed in or about boats, or in manual +labour for money or wages;</p> + +<p>(<i>e</i>) Who is or has been by trade or employment, for wages, a +mechanic, artisan, or labourer, or engaged in any menial duty.</p> + +<p><i>Eligibility.</i>—2. No one shall be eligible to row or steer for +a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +club unless he has been a member of that club for at least two +months preceding the regatta, but this rule shall not apply to +colleges, schools, or crews composed of officers of her Majesty’s +army or navy.</p> + +<p><i>Entries.</i>—3. The entry of any amateur club, crew, or sculler, +in the United Kingdom, must be made ten clear days before the +regatta, and the names of the captain or secretary of each club or +crew must accompany the entry. A copy of the list of entries shall +be forwarded by the secretary of the regatta to the captain or +secretary of each club or crew duly entered.</p> + +<p>4. The entry of any crew or sculler, out of the United Kingdom, +must be made on or before March 31, and any such entry must be +accompanied by a declaration, made before a notary public, with +regard to the profession of each person so entering, to the effect +that he has never taken part in any open competition for a stake, +money, or entrance fee; has never knowingly competed with nor +against a professional for any prize; has never taught, pursued, or +assisted in the practice of athletic exercises of any kind for profit; +has never been employed in or about boats, or in manual labour +for money or wages; is not, and never has been, by trade or employment, +for wages, a mechanic, artisan, or labourer, or engaged +in any menial duty; and in cases of the entry of a crew, that each +member thereof is a member of a club duly established at least +one year previous to the day of entry; and such declaration must +be certified by the British Consul, or the Mayor, or the chief +authority of the locality.</p> + +<p>5. No assumed name shall be given to the secretary, unless +accompanied by the real name of the competitor.</p> + +<p>6. No one shall enter twice for the same race.</p> + +<p>7. The secretary of the regatta shall not divulge any entry, +nor report the state of the entrance list, until such list be closed.</p> + +<p>8. Entrance money for each boat shall be paid to the secretary +at the time of entering, as follows:—</p> + +<table summary="Table page 49"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><i>£.</i></td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left">For the</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left">Grand Challenge Cup</td> +<td class="center">6</td> +<td class="center">6</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left">Ladies’ Challenge Plate</td> +<td class="center">5</td> +<td class="center">5</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left">Thames</td> +<td class="left">Challenge</td> +<td class="left padr5">Cup</td> +<td class="center">5</td> +<td class="center">5</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left">Stewards’</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center padr5">„</td> +<td class="center">4</td> +<td class="center">4</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left">Visitors’</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center padr5">„</td> +<td class="center">3</td> +<td class="center">3</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left">Wyfold</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center padr5">„</td> +<td class="center">3</td> +<td class="center">3</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left">Silver Goblets</td> +<td class="center">2</td> +<td class="center">2</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left">Diamond Challenge Sculls</td> +<td class="center">1</td> +<td class="center">1</td> +<td class="center">0</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>9. +The committee shall investigate any questionable entry, irrespective +of protest.</p> + +<p>10. The committee shall have power to refuse or return any +entry up to the time of starting, without being bound to assign a +reason.</p> + +<p>11. The captain or secretary of each club or crew entered shall, +seven clear days before the regatta, deliver to the secretary of the +regatta a list containing the names of the actual crew appointed +to compete, to which list the names of not more than four other +members for an eight-oar and two for a four-oar may be added as +substitutes.</p> + +<p>12. No person may be substituted for another who has already +rowed or steered in a heat.</p> + +<p>13. The secretary of the regatta, after receiving the list of the +crews entered, and of the substitutes, shall, if required, furnish a +copy of the same, with the names, real and assumed, to the captain +or secretary of each club or crew entered, and in the case of pairs +or scullers to each competitor entered.</p> + +<p><i>Objections.</i>—14. Objections to the entry of any club or crew +must be made in writing to the secretary at least four clear days +before the regatta, when the committee shall investigate the +grounds of objection, and decide thereon without delay.</p> + +<p>15. Objections to the qualification of a competitor must be +made in writing to the secretary at the earliest moment practicable. +No protest shall be entertained unless lodged before the prizes are +distributed.</p> + +<p><i>Course.</i>—16. The races shall commence below the Island, and +terminate at the upper end of Phyllis Court. Length of course, +about 1 mile and 550 yards.</p> + +<p>17. Boats shall be held to have completed the course when +their bows reach the winning-post.</p> + +<p>18. The whole course must be completed by a competitor +before he can be held to have won a trial or final heat.</p> + +<p><i>Stations.</i>—19. Stations shall be drawn by the committee.</p> + +<p><i>Row over.</i>—20. In the event of there being but one boat entered +for any prize, or if more than one enter, and all withdraw but one, +the crew of the remaining boat must row over the course to be +entitled to such prize.</p> + +<p><i>Heats.</i>—21. If there shall be more than two competitors, they +shall row a trial heat or heats; but no more than two boats shall +contend in any heat for any of the prizes above mentioned.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>22. In the event of a dead heat taking place, the same crews +shall contend again, after such interval as the committee may appoint, +or the crew refusing shall be adjudged to have lost the +heat.</p> + +<p><i>Clothing.</i>—23. Every competitor must wear complete clothing +from the shoulders to the knees—including a sleeved jersey.</p> + +<p><i>Coxswains.</i>—24. Every eight-oared boat shall carry a coxswain; +such coxswain must be an amateur, and shall not steer for more +than one club for the same prize.</p> + +<p>The minimum weight for coxswains shall be 7 stone.</p> + +<p>Crews averaging 10<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> stone and under 11 stone to carry not less +than 7<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> stone.</p> + +<p>Crews averaging 11 stone or more, to carry not less than 8 stone.</p> + +<p>Deficiencies must be made up by dead weight carried on the +coxswain’s thwart.</p> + +<p>The dead weight shall be provided by the committee, and shall +be placed in the boat and removed from it by a person appointed +for that purpose.</p> + +<p>Each competitor (including the coxswain) in eight- and four-oared +races shall attend to be weighed (in rowing costume) at the +time and place appointed by the committee; and his weight then +registered by the secretary shall be considered his racing weight +during the regatta.</p> + +<p>Any member of a crew omitting to register his weight shall be +disqualified.</p> + +<p><i>Flag.</i>—25. Every boat shall, at starting, carry a flag showing +its colour at the bow. Boats not conforming to this rule are liable +to be disqualified at the discretion of the umpire.</p> + +<p><i>Umpire.</i>—26. The committee shall appoint one or more umpires +to act under the Laws of Boat-racing.</p> + +<p><i>Judge.</i>—27. The committee shall appoint one or more judges, +whose decision as to the order in which the boats pass the post +shall be final.</p> + +<p><i>Prizes.</i>—28. The prizes shall be delivered at the conclusion of +the regatta to their respective winners, who on receipt of a challenge +prize shall subscribe a document of the following effect:—</p> + +<p>‘We, A, B, C, D, &c., the captain and crew of the + +and members of the + Club, having +been this day declared to be the winners of the Henley Royal +Regatta + Challenge Cup, and the same having been +delivered to us by E F, G H, I K, &c., Stewards of the Regatta,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +do hereby, individually and collectively, engage to return the same +to the Stewards on or before June 1, in accordance with the conditions +of the annexed rules, to which also we have subscribed +our respective names.’</p> + +<p><i>Committee.</i>—29. All questions of eligibility, qualification, interpretation +of the rules, or other matters not specially provided for, +shall be referred to the committee, whose decision shall be final.</p> + +<p>30. The Laws of Boat-racing to be observed at the regatta +are as follows (<i>see <a href="#Page_238">chapter on this subject</a></i>).</p></div> + +<p>A good deal of the history of old regattas at which watermen +contended is necessarily mixed with the history of the rise of +professional racing, and will be found to be dealt with under +that heading in <a href="#Page_217">another chapter</a>.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig072" id="Fig072"></a> +<img src="images/illo072.png" alt="River scene at Bisham Court" width="500" height="398" /> +<p class="caption" style="margin-top: -3em; padding-left: 300px;">BISHAM COURT.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2> + +<h3>SCIENTIFIC OARSMANSHIP.</h3> + +<p>If a thing is worth doing at all it is worth doing well, whether +it be undertaken in sport or as a means of livelihood.</p> + +<p>The first principles of oarsmanship may be explained to a +beginner in a few minutes, and he might roughly put them +into force, in a casual and faulty manner, on the first day of +his education.</p> + +<p>In all pastimes and professions there is, as even a child +knows, a very wide difference between the knowing how a thing +is done and the rendering of the operation in the most approved +and scientific manner.</p> + +<p>In all operations which entail the use of implements there +are three essentials to the attainment of real merit in the operation. +These are, firstly, physical capacity; secondly, good tools<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +to work with; thirdly, practice and painstaking on the part of +the student.</p> + +<p>For the purposes of the current chapter we shall postulate +the two former, and confine the theme to details of such study +and practice of oarsmanship as are requisite in order to attain +scientific use of oars or sculls.</p> + +<p>When commencing to learn an operation which entails a +new and unwonted exercise, distinct volition is necessary on +the part of the brain, in order to dictate to the various muscles +the parts which they are to play in the operation.</p> + +<p>The oftener that a muscular movement is repeated the +less intense becomes the mental volition which is required to +dictate that movement; until at last the movement becomes +almost mechanical, and can be reproduced without a strain of +the will (so long as the muscular power is not exhausted).</p> + +<p>One object of studied practice at any given muscular movement +is to accustom the muscles to this particular function, +until they become capable of carrying it out without requiring +specific and laborious instructions from the headquarters of the +brain on the occasion of each such motion. Another object +and result of exercise of one or more sets of muscles is to +develop their powers. The anatomical reasons why muscles increase +in vigour and activity under exercise need not be here +discussed; the fact may be accepted that they do so.</p> + +<p>Hence, by practice of any kind of muscular movement, +the student increases both the vigour and the independence of +action of the muscles concerned.</p> + +<p>In any operation with implements there is some one +method of performing the same which experience has proved +to be the most effectual for the purpose required. There will +be other methods, or variations of method, which will attain a +somewhat similar but less effectual and less satisfactory result.</p> + +<p>It requires distinct volition in the first instance to perform +the operation in an inferior manner, just as it does to perform +it in the most approved manner, to perform ‘clumsily’ or to +perform ‘cleverly.’</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>Naturally, if the volition to act clumsily be repeated a +sufficient number of times, the muscles learn independent +clumsy action with as much facility as they would have otherwise +acquired independent clever and scientific action. Hence +the importance of knowing which is the most approved and +effectual method of setting to work, and of being informed of +the result, good or bad, of each attempt, while the volition is +still in active force, and before the ‘habit’ of muscular action, +perfect or imperfect, is fully formed.</p> + +<p>We all know that, whether we are dealing with morals or +with muscles, it is a matter of much difficulty to overcome a +bad habit, and to form a different and a better one relating to +the same course of action.</p> + +<p>When the pupil begins to learn to row the brain has many +things to think of; it has several orders to distribute simultaneously +to its different employés—the various muscles required +for the work—and these employés are, moreover, ‘new to the +business.’ They have not yet, from want of practice, developed +the vigour and strength which they will require hereafter; and +also they know so little of what they have to do that they require +incessant instruction from brain headquarters, or else they make +blunders. But in time both master and servants, brain and +muscles, begin to settle down to their business. The master +becomes less confused, and gives his orders with more accuracy +and less oblivion of details; the servants acquire more vigour, +and pick up the instructions with more facility. At last the +time comes when the servants know pretty well what their +master would have them do, and act spontaneously, while the +master barely whispers his orders, and has leisure to attend to +other matters, or at all events saves himself the exertion of +having momentarily to shout his orders through a speaking-trumpet. +Meantime, as said before, the servants can only +obey orders; and, if their original instructions have been +blunders on the part of the master, they settle down to the +reproduction of these blunders.</p> + +<p>Now it often happens that an oarsman, who is himself a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +good judge of rowing, and is capable of giving very good instructions +to others, is guilty of many faults in his own oarsmanship. +And yet it cannot be said of him that he ‘knows +no better’ as regards those faults which he personally commits. +On the contrary, if he were to see one of his own pupils rowing +with any one of these same faults, he would promptly detect it, +and would be able to explain to the pupil the why and the +wherefore of the error, and of its cure. Nevertheless, he perpetrates +in his own person the very fault which he discerns +and corrects when he notes it in another! And the reason is +this. His own oarsmanship has become mechanical, and is +reproduced stroke after stroke without a distinct volition. It +became faulty at the time when it was becoming mechanical, +because the brain was not sufficiently conscious of the orders +which it was dictating, or was not duly informed, from some +external source, what orders it should issue. So the brain gave +wrong orders, through carelessness or ignorance, or both, and +continued to repeat them, until the muscles learnt to repeat +their faulty functions spontaneously, and without the immediate +cognisance of the brain.</p> + +<p>This illustration, of which many a practical instance will be +recalled by any rowing man of experience, serves to show the +importance of keeping the mind attentive, as far as possible, at +all times when rowing, and still more so while elementary rowing +is being learnt, and also of having, if possible, a mentor to +watch the endeavours of the student, and to inform him of any +error of movement which he may perpetrate, before his mind +and muscles become confirmed in an erroneous line of action.</p> + +<p>The reader will therefore see from the above that it is +important for any one who seeks to acquire really scientific +oarsmanship, not only to pay all the mental attention that he +can to the movements which he is executing, but also to secure +the presence of some experienced adviser who will watch the +execution of each stroke, and will point out at the time what +movements have been correctly and what have been incorrectly +performed.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>Having shown the importance of careful study and tuition +in the details of scientific oarsmanship, we now enter into those +details themselves, but still confine ourselves to what is known +as ‘fixed’ seat rowing, taking them separately, and dealing +first with the stroke itself, as distinct from the ‘recovery’ +between the strokes.</p> + +<p>While carrying out the stroke upon general principles, the +oarsman, in order to produce a maximum effect with a relatively +minimum expenditure of strength, has to study the +following details:</p> + +<p>1. To keep the back rigid, and to swing from the hips.</p> + +<p>2. To maintain his shoulders braced when the oar grasps +the water.</p> + +<p>3. To use the legs and feet in the best manner and at the +exact instant required.</p> + +<p>4. To hold his oar properly.</p> + +<p>5. To govern the depth of the blade with accuracy, including +the first dip of the blade into the water to the moment +when the blade quits it.</p> + +<p>6. To row the stroke home to his chest, bending his arms +neither too soon nor too late.</p> + +<p>7. To do so with the correct muscles.</p> + +<p>8. To drop the hands and elevate the oar from the water in +the right manner and at the right moment.</p> + +<p>Then again, when the stroke is completed and the recovery +commences, the details to be further observed are:</p> + +<p>9. To avoid ‘hang’ or delay of action either with hands or +body.</p> + +<p>10. To manipulate the feather with accuracy and at the +proper instant.</p> + +<p>11. To govern the height of the blade during the recovery.</p> + +<p>12. To use the legs and feet correctly and at the right +moments of recovery.</p> + +<p>13. To keep the button of the oar home to the thowl.</p> + +<p>14. To regulate the proportionate speeds of recovery of +arms and of body, relatively to each other.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>15. To return the feathered oar to the square position at +the right time and in the correct manner.</p> + +<p>16. To raise the hands at the right moment, and so to +lower the blade into the water at the correct instant.</p> + +<p>17. To recommence the action of the new stroke at the +right instant.</p> + +<p>These several details present an apparently formidable list +of detailed studies to be followed in order to execute a series +of strokes and recoveries in the most approved fashion. In +performance the operation is far more homogeneous than would +appear from the above disjointed analysis of the several movements +to be performed. The division of movements is made +for the purpose of observation and appreciation of possibly +several faults, which may occur in any one of the movements +detailed. As a fact, the correct rendering of one movement—of +one detail of the stroke—facilitates correctness in succeeding +or contemporaneous details; while, on the other hand, a faulty +rendering of one movement tends to hamper the action of the +body in other details, and to make it more liable to do its +work incorrectly in some or all of them. Experience shows +that one fault, in one distinct detail, is constantly the primary +cause of a concatenation of other faults. To set the machine +in incorrect motion in one branch of it tends to put the whole, +or the greater part of it, more or less out of gear, and to cripple +its action from beginning to end of the chapter.</p> + +<p>Taking these various details <i>seriatim</i>.</p> + +<p>1. The back should be set stiff, and preserved stiff throughout +the stroke. Obviously, if the back yields to the strain, the +stroke is not so effectual. Besides, if the back is badly humped +the expansion of the chest is impeded; and with this the action +of the pectoral muscles and of the shoulders (of both of which +more anon) is also fettered. Further, the lungs have less freedom +of play when the back is bent and the chest cramped; +and the value of free respiration requires no explanation.</p> + +<p>We have said that the back must be stiff. If the back can +be straight, from first to last, stiffness is ensured, <i>ipso facto</i>. +If<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +the back is bent, care must be taken that the bend does not +increase or decrease during the stroke; whether straight or +bent, the back should be rigid.</p> + +<p>The conformation and development of the muscles of the +back are not quite the same in all subjects. With some persons +absolute straightness of back comes almost naturally; with +others the attainment of straightness is not a matter of much +difficulty. With others, again, a slight amount of curve in the +back is more natural under the strain of the oar, even with all +attention and endeavour to keep the back flat. With such as +these any artificial straightening of the back, that places it in a +position in which the muscles, as they are adapted to the frame, +have not the fullest and freest play, detracts from rather than +adds to the power of the oarsman.</p> + +<p>But in all cases it is important that the back, whether +straight or slightly arched, should be rigid, and should swing +from the hips. If the swing takes place from one or more of +the vertebræ of the spine, the force which the oarsman can +by such actions produce is far less than would be the case if +he kept his spine rigid and had swung to and fro from his +hips.</p> + +<p>In order to facilitate the entire body in swinging from the +hips, and not from one of the vertebræ, the legs should be +opened, and the knees induced outward, as the body swings +forward. The body can then lower itself to a greater reach +forward, and directly from the hips; whereas if the knees are +placed together the thighs check the forward motion of the +body, and compel it, if it remains rigid, to curtail its forward +reach. (If the vertebræ bend when the swing from the hips is +checked by the bent knees, the extra reach thus attained is +weak, and of comparatively minor effect.)</p> + +<p>Next (2) the shoulders have to be rigid. If they give way, +and if the sockets stretch when the strain of the oar is felt, the +effect of the stroke is evidently weakened. Now if the shoulders +are stretched forward at the beginning of the stroke, +the muscles which govern and support them have not the same<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> +power of rigidity that they possess when the shoulders are well +drawn back at the outset. The oarsman gains a little in reach +by extending his shoulders, but he loses in rigidity of muscle, +and consequently in the force which he applies to the oar.</p> + +<p>3. The legs and feet should combine to exercise pressure +against the stretcher at the same moment, and contemporaneously +with the application of the oar to the water. If they +press too soon, the body is forced back while the oar is in air; +if too late, the hold of the water is weak, for want of legwork to +support the body.</p> + +<p><a name="SecRef14" id="SecRef14"></a>4. The oar should be held in the fingers, not in the fist; +the lower joints of the fingers should be nearly straight when +the oar is held. The hold which a gymnast would take of a +bar of the same thickness, if he were hanging from it, is, as +regards the four fingers of the hand, the same which an oarsman +should take of his oar. His thumb should come underneath, +not over the handle.</p> + +<p>5 and 10. Government of the depression or elevation of +the blade, respectively, during stroke and recovery, is a matter +of application of joints and of muscles. This much may be +borne in mind, that the freer the wrist is, the better is the oar +governed; and if an oar is clutched in the fist the flexibility of +the wrist is thereby much crippled.</p> + +<p>6. The arms should begin to bend when the body has just +found the perpendicular. The upper arm should swing close +to the ribs, worked by the shoulders, which should be thrown +well back.</p> + +<p>7. The ‘biceps’ should not do the work; for, if it does, either +the hands are elevated or the level of the blade altered—if the +elbows keep close to the side; or else, if the level of the hands +is preserved, then the elbows dog’s-ear outwards. In either +case the action is less free and less powerful than if the stroke +is rowed home by the shoulder muscles.</p> + +<p>8. The part of the hand which should touch the chest when +the oar comes home is the root of the thumb, not the knuckles +of the fingers. If the knuckles touch the chest <i>before</i> the oar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> +comes out of water, the blade is ‘feathered under water’—a +common fault, and a very insidious one. If, on the other hand, +the oar comes out clean, but the first thing which touches the +chest is the knuckle, then the last part of the stroke will have +been rowed in <i>air</i>, and not in <i>the water</i>.</p> + +<p>9. Dealing now with recovery. The hands should rebound +from the chest like a billiard-ball from a cushion. If the hands +delay at the chest they hamper the recovery of the body—e.g. +let any man try to push a weight away from him with his hands +and body combined. He will find that, if he pushes with +straight arms, he is better able to apply the weight of his body +to the forward push than if he keeps his arms bent.</p> + +<p>Having shot his hands away, and having straightened his +arms as quickly as he reasonably can, his body should follow; +but his body should not meantime have been stationary. It +should, like a pendulum, begin to swing for the return so soon +as the stroke is over.</p> + +<p>If hands ‘hang,’ the body tends to hang, as above shown; +and if the body hangs, valuable time is lost, which can never +be regained. As an illustration: suppose a man is rowing +forty strokes in a minute, and that his body hangs the tenth of +a second when it is back after each stroke, then at the end of +a minute’s rowing he will have sat still for four whole seconds! +An oarsman who has no hang in his recovery can thus row a +fast stroke with less exertion to himself than one who hangs. +The latter, having wasted time between stroke and recovery, +has to swing forward all the faster, when once he begins to +recover, in order to perform the same number of strokes in the +same time as he who does not hang. Now, although there is +a greater effort required to row the blade square through the +water than to recover it edgewise through the air, yet the latter +has to be performed with muscles so much weaker for the task +set to them that relatively they tire sooner under their lighter +work than do the muscles which are in use for rowing the blade +through the water. When an oarsman becomes ‘pumped,’ +he feels the task of recovery even more severe than that of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +rowing the stroke. Hence we see the importance of economising +as far as possible the labour of those muscles which are +employed on the recovery, and of not adding to their toil by +waste of time which entails a subsequent extra exertion in +order to regain lost ground and lost time.</p> + +<p>10. The manipulation of the blade through the water is +of great importance, otherwise the blade will not keep square, +and regular pressure against the water will not be attained. +Now, since the angle of the blade to the water has to be a +constant one, and since the plane on which the blade works +also is required to be uniform, till the moment for the feather +has arrived, it stands to reason that the wrists and arms, which +are changing their position relatively with the body while the +stroke progresses, must accommodate themselves to the progressive +variations of force of body and arms, so as to maintain +the uniform angle and plane of the oar. Herein much attention +must be paid to maxim 4 (<i><a href="#SecRef14">supra</a></i>). If an oar is held in the +fist instead of in the fingers, the play of the muscles of the +wrist is thereby crippled, and it becomes less easy to govern +the blade.</p> + +<p>11. On a somewhat similar principle as the foregoing, the +arms, on the recovery, are changing their position and angle +with the body throughout the recovery; but the blade has to +be kept at a normal level above the water all the time. It is +a common fault for the oarsman to fail to regulate the height +of the feather, and either to ‘toss’ it at some point of the recovery +or else to lower it till the blade almost, if not quite, touches +the water. Nothing but practice, coupled with careful observations +of the correct manner of holding an oar, can attain that +mechanical give-and-take play of muscles which produces an +even and clean feather from first to last of recovery.</p> + +<p>12. We are still, for the sake of argument, dealing with +fixed-seat oarsmanship. Slides will be discussed subsequently.</p> + +<p>In using the legs, on a fixed seat, for recovery, the toes +should feel the strap, which should cross them on or below the +knuckle-joint of the great toe. Each foot should feel and pull<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +up the strap easily and simultaneously, so as to preserve even +position of body. The legs should open well, and allow the +body to trick between them as it swings forward.</p> + +<p>13. If the body swings true, the oar will keep home to +the rowlock; there should be just sufficient fraction of weight +pressed against the button to keep it home; if it is suffered to +leave the rowlock, the oarsman tends to screw outwards over +the gunwale, and also, when he recommences the stroke, he +loses power by reason of his oar not meeting with its due support +until the abstracted button has slipped back against the +thowl.</p> + +<p>14. The pace of recovery should be proportionate to the +speed of stroke. If recovery is too slow, the oarsman becomes +late in getting into the water for the next stroke; if he is too +quick, he has to wait when forward in order not to hurry the +stroke.</p> + +<p>15. Too many even high-class oars are prone to omit to +keep the oar feathered for the full distance of the recovery. +They have a tendency to turn it square too soon. By so doing +they incur extra resistance of air and extra labour on the recovery, +and they are more liable to foul a wave in rough water. +The oar should be carried forwards edgewise, and only turned +square just as full reach is attained. It should then be turned +sharply, and not gradually.</p> + +<p>16. The instant the body is full forward, and the oar set +square, the hands should be raised sharply to the exact amount +required in order to drop the blade into the water to the required +depth, so as to cover it for the succeeding stroke.</p> + +<p>17. The new stroke should be recommenced without delay, +by throwing the body sharply back, with arms stiff and shoulders +braced, the legs pressing firmly and evenly against the stretcher, +so as to take the weight of the body off the seat, and to transfer +its support to the handle of the oar and the stretcher, thus +making the very most of weight and of extensor muscles in +order to give force to the oar against the water.</p> + +<p>N.B. Before closing these remarks, it should be added that,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +with reference to detail 12, it is assumed that the oarsman, having +progressed to the scientific stage, has so far mastered the use of +the loins as to be able to combine their action with that of the +toe against the strap in aiding the recovery of the body. If he +tries to rely solely on the motor power for recovery from the +strap, and the toes against it, he will not swing forward with a +stiff back, and will be in a slouched position when he attains +his reach forward.</p> + +<p>The Rev. E. Warre, D.D., published in 1875 some brief +remarks upon the stroke, in a treatise upon physical exercises +and recreations. They are here reproduced by leave, the +writer feeling that they can hardly be surpassed for brevity and +lucidity of instruction upon the details of the stroke.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h4><span class="smcap">Notes on the Stroke.</span></h4> + +<p>The moment the oar touches the body, drop the hands smartly +straight down, then turn the wrists sharply and at once shoot out +the hands in a straight line to the front, inclining the body forward +from the thigh-joints, and simultaneously bring up the slider, +regulating the time by the swing forward of the body according to the +stroke. Let the chest and stomach come well forward, the shoulders +be kept back; the inside arm be straightened, the inside wrist a +little raised, the oar grasped in the hands, but not pressed upon +more than is necessary to maintain the blade in its proper straight +line as it goes back; the head kept up, the eyes fixed on the outside +shoulder of the man before you. As the body and arms come +forward to their full extent, the wrists having been quickly turned, +the hands must be raised sharply, and the blade of the oar brought +to its full depth at once. At that moment, without the loss of a +thousandth part of a second, the whole weight of the body must be +thrown on to the oar and the stretcher, by the body springing back, +so that the oar may catch hold of the water sharply, and be driven +through it by a force unwavering and uniform. As soon as the oar +has got hold of the water, and the beginning of the stroke has been +effected as described, flatten the knees, and so, using the muscles +of the legs, keep up the pressure of the beginning uniform through +the backward motion of the body. Let the arms be rigid at the +beginning of the stroke. When the body reaches the perpendicular, +let the elbows be bent and dropped close past the sides to the +rear—the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +shoulders dropping and disclosing the chest to the front; +the back, if anything, curved inwards rather than outwards, but +not strained in any way. The body, in fact, should assume a +natural upright sitting posture, with the shoulders well thrown +back. In this position the oar should come to it and the feather +commence.</p> + +<p>N.B.—It is important to remember that the body should never +stop still. In its motion backwards and forwards it should imitate +the pendulum of a clock. When it has ceased to go forward it has +begun to go back.</p> + +<p>There are, it will appear, from consideration of the directions, +about twenty-seven distinct points, <i>articuli</i> as it were, of the stroke. +No one should attempt to coach a crew without striving to obtain +a practical insight into their nature and order of succession. Let +a coxswain also remember that, in teaching men to row, his object +should be to teach them to economise their <i>strength</i> by using +properly their <i>weight</i>. Their weight is always in the boat along +with them; their strength, if misapplied, very soon evaporates.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig085" id="Fig085"></a> +<img src="images/illo085.png" alt="View of Marlow river front" width="500" height="337" /> +<p class="caption">MARLOW.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2> + +<h3>COACHING.</h3> + +<p>For reasons which were set forth at the commencement of the +chapter on <a href="#Page_53">scientific oarsmanship</a>, the very best oar may fail to +see his own faults. For this reason, in dealing with the methods +for detecting and curing faults, it seems more to the point to +write as addressing the tutor rather than the pupil. The latter +will improve faster under any adequate verbal instruction than +by perusing pages of bookwork upon the science of oarsmanship.</p> + +<p>A coach may often know much more than he can himself perform; +he may be with his own muscles but a mediocre exponent +of his art, and yet be towards the top of the tree as regards knowledge +and power of instruction.</p> + +<p>A coach, like his pupils, often becomes too ‘mechanical’; +he sees some salient fault in his crew, he sets himself to eradicate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> +it, and meanwhile it is possible that he may overlook some +other great fault which is gradually developing itself among +one or more of the men. And yet if he were asked to coach +some other crew for the day, in which crew this same fault +existed, he would be almost certain to note it, and to set to +work to cure it.</p> + +<p>For this reason, although it does not do to have too many +mentors at work from day to day upon one crew, nevertheless +the best of coaches may often gain a hint by taking some one +else into his counsels for an hour or two, and by comparing +notes.</p> + +<p>We have said that it is not absolutely necessary that a good +coach should always be in his own person a finished oarsman; +but if he is all the better, and for one very important reason. +More than half the faults which oarsmen contract are to be +traced in the first instance to some irregularity in the machinery +with which they are working. That irregularity may be of two +sorts, direct or indirect—direct when the boat, oar, rowlock, +or stretcher is improperly constructed, so that an oarsman +cannot work fairly and squarely; indirect when some other +oarsman is perpetrating some fault which puts others out of +gear.</p> + +<p>If a coach is a good oarsman on his own account (by ‘good’ +we mean scientific rather than merely powerful), he can and +should test and try or inspect the seat and oar of each man +whom he coaches, especially if he finds a man painstaking and +yet unable to cure some special fault. Boatbuilders are very +careless in laying out work. A rowlock may be too high or +too low; it may rake one way or other, and so spoil the plane +of the oar in the water. An oar may be hog-backed (or +sprung), or too long in loom, or too short; the straps of a +stretcher may be fixed too high, so as to grip only the tip of a +great-toe, and the place for the feet may not be straight to the +seat, or a rowlock may be too narrow, and so may jam the oar +when forward.</p> + +<p>These are samples of mechanical discomfort which may spoil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +any man’s rowing, and against which it may be difficult for the +most painstaking pupil to contend successfully. If the coach +is good in practice as well as in theory of oarsmanship, he can +materially simplify his own labours and those of his pupils by +inspecting and trying the ‘work’ of each man in turn.</p> + +<p>He should bear in mind that if a young oar is thrown out +of shape in his early career by bad mechanical appliances, the +faults of shape often cling to him unconsciously later on, even +when he is at last furnished with proper tools. If a child were +taught to walk with one boot an inch thicker in the sole than +the other, the uneven gait thereby produced might cling to him +long after he had been properly shod.</p> + +<p>Young oarsmen in a club are too often relegated to practise +in cast-off boats with cast-off oars, none of which are really fit +for use. Nothing does more to spoil the standard of junior +oarsmanship in a club than neglect of this nature.</p> + +<p>Having ascertained that all his pupils are properly equipped +and are properly seated, fair and square to stretchers suitable +for the length of leg of each, the next care of a coach should be +to endeavour to trace the <i>cause</i> of each fault which he may +detect. This is more difficult than to see that a fault exists. +At the same time, if the coach cannot trace the cause, it is +hardly reasonable to expect the pupil to do so. So many varied +causes may produce some one generic fault that it may drive a +pupil from one error to another to tell him nothing more than +that he is doing something wrong without at the same time +explaining to him how and why he is at fault.</p> + +<p>For instance, suppose a man gets late into the water. This +lateness may arise from a variety of causes, for example:</p> + +<p>1. He may be hanging with arms or body, or both, when he +has finished the stroke, and so he may be late in starting to go +forward; or</p> + +<p>2. He may be correct until he has attained his forward +reach, and then, may be, he hangs before dropping his oar into +the water; or</p> + +<p>3. He may begin to drop his oar at the right time, but to do<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +so in a ‘clipping’ manner, not dropping the oar perpendicularly, +but bringing it for some distance back in the air before it touches +the water.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig088" id="Fig088"></a> +<img src="images/illo088.png" alt="People running alongside University crew" width="500" height="331" /> +<p class="caption">COACHING UNIVERSITY CREW</p></div> + +<p>Now to tell a batch of men—all late, and all late from +different causes as above—simply that each one is ‘late’ does +little good. The cure which will set the one right will only vary, +or even exaggerate, the mischief with the others.</p> + +<p>Hence a coach should, before he animadverts upon a +fault, of which he observes the effect, watch carefully until he +detects the exact cause, and then seek to eradicate it.</p> + +<p>Another sample of cause and effect in faults may be cited +for illustration. Suppose a man holds his oar in his fist instead +of his fingers. The effect of this probably will be a want of +accuracy in ‘governing’ the blade. He may thereby row too +deep; also only half feather; also find a difficulty in bending +his wrists laterally, and therefore fail to bring his elbows neatly +past his sides. The consequent further effect may well be that +he dog’s-ears his elbows and gets a cramped finish. This +will tend to make his hands come slow off the chest for the +recovery; and this again may tend to make his body heavy on +the return swing.</p> + +<p>Here is a pretty, and quite possible, concatenation of faults +all bearing on each other in sequence, more or less. To be +scolded for each such fault in turn may well bewilder a pupil. +He will be taken aback at the plurality of defects which he +is told to cure. But if the coach should spot the faulty grip, +and cure that by some careful coaching in a tub-gig, he may in +a few days find the other faults gradually melt away when the +one primary awkwardness has been eradicated.</p> + +<p>These two illustrations of faults and their origins by no means +exhaust the category of errors which a coach has to detect and +to cure.</p> + +<p>Sundry other common faults may be specified, and the best +mode of dealing with them by coaches supplied.</p> + +<p><i>Over-reach of shoulders.</i>—This weakens the catch of the +water, and also tends to cripple the finish when the time comes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +to row the oar home. The shoulders should be braced well +back. The extra inch or less of forward reach which the over-reach +obtains is not worth having at the cost of weakening the +catch and cramping the finish. The fault is best cured by gig-coaching +and by demonstrating in person the correct and the +wrong poses of the shoulders.</p> + +<p><i>Meeting the oar.</i>—This may come from more than one +cause. If the legs leave off supporting the body before the +oar-handle comes to the chest, the body droops to the strain +from want of due support; or if the oarsman tries to row the +stroke home with arms only, ceasing the swing back; and still +more, if he tries to finish with biceps instead of by shoulder +muscles, he is not unlikely to row deep, because he feels the +strain of rowing the oar home in time, with less power behind +it than that employed by others in the boat. He finds the oar +come home easier if it is slightly deflected, and so unconsciously +he begins to row rather deep (or light) at the finish, in order to +get his oar home at the right instant.</p> + +<p><i>Swing.</i>—faults of may be various. There may be a hang, +or conversely a hurry, in the swing; and, as shown above, the +causes of these errors in swing may often be beneath the surface, +and be connected with faulty hold of an oar, or a loose +or badly placed strap, or a stretcher of wrong length, or from +faulty finish of the preceding stroke. Lateness in swing may +arise <i>per se</i>, and so may a ‘bucket,’ but as often as not they are +linked with other faults, which have to be corrected at least +simultaneously, and often antecedently.</p> + +<p><i>Screwing</i> either arises from mechanical fault at the +moment or from former habits of rowing under difficulties +occasionally with bad appliances. If a man sits square, with +correct oar, rowlock, and stretcher, he does not naturally screw. +If the habit seems to have grown upon him, a change of side +will often do more than anything else to cure him. He is +screwing because he is working his limbs and loins unevenly; +hence the obvious policy of making him change the side on +which he puts the greater pressure.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span><i>Feather +under water.</i>—The fault is one of the most common, +the remedy simple. The pupil should be shown the difference +between turning the oar-handle before he drops it (as he is doing) +and of dropping it before he turns it as he ought to do; and it +should be impressed upon him that the root of the thumb, +and not his knuckles, should touch his chest when the oar comes +home, and should be done <i>before</i>, and not after, he has dropped +his handle to elevate the blade from the water.</p> + +<p>If a crew feather much under water, it is a good plan to +seat them in a row on a bench, and give each man a stick +to handle as an oar. Then make them very slowly follow the +actions of the coach, or a fugleman. 1. Hands up to the chest, +root of thumb touching chest. 2. Drop the hands. 3. Turn +them (as for feather) sharply. 4. Shoot them out, &c.</p> + +<p>Having got them to perform each motion slowly and +distinctly, then gradually accelerate the actions, until they are +done as an entirety, with rapidity and <i>in proper consecution</i>. The +desideratum is to ensure motion, No. 3 being performed in its +due order, and <i>not before</i> No. 2.</p> + +<p>Five minutes’ drill of this sort daily before the rowing, for a +week or two, will do much to cure feather under water even +with hardened sinners.</p> + +<p><i>Swing across the boat.</i>—This is an insidious fault. The +oarsman sits square, while his oar-handle moves in an arc of +a circle. He has an instinctive tendency to endeavour to keep +his chest square to his oar during the revolution of the latter. +A No. 7 who has to take time from the stroke by the side +of him is more prone than others to fall into this fault. The +answer is, let the arms follow the action of the oar, and give way +to it, and endeavour to keep the body straight and square. +Keep the head well away from the oar, and its bias will tend to +balance the swing.</p> + +<p><i>Bending the arms</i> prematurely is a common fault. Sometimes +even high-class oars fall into it after a time. Tiros are prone +to it, because they at first instinctively endeavour to work with +arms rather than with body. Older oars adopt the trick in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> +the endeavour to catch the water sharply at the beginning. Of +course they lose power by doing so; but they do not realise +their loss, because, feeling a greater strain on their arms, they +imagine that they must therefore be doing more work.</p> + +<p>Lessons in a tub-gig are the best remedies for this fault.</p> + +<p>‘Paddling’ is an art which is of much importance in order +to bring a crew to perfection, and at the same time it is too often +done in a slovenly manner compared with hard rowing.</p> + +<p>The writer admits that his own views as to how paddling +should be performed differ somewhat from those of sundry +good judges and successful coaches. Some of these are of +opinion that paddling should consist of rowing gently, comparatively +speaking, with less force and catch at the beginning +of the stroke and with less reach than when rowing hard, but +with blade always covered to regulation depth. When the order +is given to ‘Row,’ then the full length should be attained and +the full ‘catch’ administered.</p> + +<p>The writer’s own version of paddling differs as follows. He +is of opinion that the difference between paddling and rowing +should be produced by working with a ‘light’—only partially +covered—blade when paddling. The effect of this is to ease +the whole work of the stroke; but at the same time the +swing, reach, and catch should be just the same as if the blade +were covered. Then, when the order comes to ‘Row,’ all the +oarsman has to do is so to govern his blade that he now +immerses the whole of it, and at the same time to increase his +force to the amount necessary to row the stroke of the full +blade throughout the required time.</p> + +<p>Those good judges who differ from him as aforesaid base +their objections to his method chiefly on the ground that it +requires rather a higher standard of watermanship to enable an +oarsman so to govern his blade that he can immerse it more or +less at will, and yet maintain the same outward action of body, +only with more or less force employed, according to amount of +blade immersed.</p> + +<p>The writer admits that his process does entail the acquisition<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +of a somewhat higher standard of watermanship than the other +system. But he is none the less of opinion that this admission +should not be accepted as a ground for teaching the other +style.</p> + +<p>In the first place, it would seem to him better to try to raise +the standard of watermanship to the system than to lower +the system to meet the requirements of inferior skill. In the +second, there seems to be even greater drawbacks to the system +preferred by his friends who differ from him. For instance, +under the alternative system the oarsman is taught to <i>alter</i> his +style of body when paddling, but to maintain a uniform depth +of blade. He is taught to apply less sharpness of catch, and +less reach forward. To do so may tend to take the edge off +catch, and to shorten reach, when hard rowing has to be recommenced.</p> + +<p>It is plain that paddling cannot be all round the same as +rowing; there must be an alternative prescribed. The writer +says, in effect: ‘Alter only the blade (and so the amount of force +required), and maintain outward action of body as before.’</p> + +<p>Those who take the other view say, in effect: ‘Maintain the +same blade, and alter the action of the body.’</p> + +<p>It must be admitted that those who differ from the writer +are entitled, from their own performances as oarsmen and +coaches, to every possible respect; and the writer, while failing +to agree with them, hesitates to assert that for that reason he +must be right and they wrong.</p> + +<p>One further reason in favour of paddling with a light blade +may be added. When an oarsman is exhausted in a race, it is +of supreme importance that, though unable to do his full share +of work, he should not mar the swing and style of the rest. +Now if such an oarsman, when nature fails him, can row lighter +and so ease his toil, he can maintain swing and style with the +rest. But if, on the other hand, he keeps his blade covered to +the full, and seeks relief by rowing shorter and with less dash, +he alters his style and tends to spoil the uniformity of the crew.</p> + +<p>Watermanship is a quality which can hardly be coached;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> +it may, therefore, seem out of place to deal with it under the +head of coaching. Yet in one sense it pertains to coaching, +because a mentor takes into calculation the capacity of an oarsman +for exercising watermanship when making a selection of a +crew.</p> + +<p>Watermanship, as a technical term, may be said to consist +in adapting oneself to circumstances and exigencies during the +progress of a boat. A good waterman keeps time with facility, +a bad one only after much painstaking—if at all. A good +waterman adapts himself to every roll of the boat, sits tight +to his seat, anticipates an incipient roll, and rights the craft +so far as he can by altering his centre of gravity while yet +plying his oar. A bad waterman is more or less helpless when +a boat is off its keel, or when he encounters rough water. So +long as the boat is level, he may be able to do even more work +than the good waterman, but when the boat rolls he cannot help +himself, still less can he right the ship and so help others to +work, as can the good waterman.</p> + +<p>Good watermen can jump into a racing boat and sit her off-hand; +bad watermen will be unsteady in a keelless boat even +after days of practice.</p> + +<p>One or two good watermen are the making of a crew, +especially when time is short for practice. They will raise the +standard of rowing of all their colleagues, simply by keeping +the balance of the boat. Sculling and pair-oar practice tend to +teach watermanship. They induce a man to make use of his +own back and beam in order to keep the boat on an even keel. +We do not for this reason say that every tiro should be put to +take lessons of watermanship in sculling-boats and light pairs: +far from it. He will be likely in such craft to contract feather +under water, and possibly screwing, in the efforts to obtain +work on an even keel, after his own uneven action has conduced +to rolling.</p> + +<p>University men produce far fewer good watermen than the +tideway clubs, and with good reason. The career on the river +at Oxford or Cambridge is brief, and many a man goes out of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +residence while he is +only on the threshold of +aquatic science, both in +practice and theory; although, +on account of +his big frame, he may +have been taught artificially +to ply an oar, and +with good effect, in a +practised eight. Watermanship, +like skating, +cannot be acquired in +a day, and the younger +a man takes to aquatics +the more likely is he to +acquire it. There is +hardly a bad waterman +to be seen as a rule in a +grand challenge crew of +London R.C. or Thames +R.C. men. Among University +oars, watermanship +is oftenest found in +those who have rowed +as schoolboys.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig096" id="Fig096"></a> +<img src="images/illo096.png" alt="Eight in action" width="600" height="204" /> +<p class="caption">A SCRATCH EIGHT (‘PEAL OF BELLS’).</p></div> + +<p>To coaches generally +of the present and of +future generations we +may say that there is +nothing like having a +tenacity of purpose, and +declining to listen to the +shoals of excuses which +pupils are inclined to +propound in order to explain +their shortcomings. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>There +should be no such thing as ‘I can’t’ from a pupil. On +the other hand, the coach should do his best to render the excuse +untenable by ensuring proper ‘work’ at each thwart. A +coach should not be carried away by every whisper of criticism +by outsiders; and yet at the same time he should realise +as said at the <a href="#Page_92">beginning</a> of this chapter, that, however able he +may be, he has a natural tendency to become blind to faults +which are being daily perpetrated under his nose—the more so +if he has been specially of late devoting his attention to some +different class of fault in his men. For this reason he should +not decline to listen to suggestions from mentors who otherwise +may be his inferiors in the art, and to give them all attention +before he decides how to deal with them.</p> + +<p>In dealing with the selection of men for a crew he has to +consider various points. He has to calculate for what seats +such and such an oarsman will be available, as regards weight +and capacity generally for the seat. He has to bear in mind +the date of the race for which he is preparing his men; many +an oarsman may be admittedly unfit for a seat if the race were +rowed to-morrow, and yet he may show promise of being fit for +it six months hence. A may be better than B to-day; but A +may be an old stager hardened in certain faults, and of whom no +hope can now be entertained that he will suddenly reform. B +may be as green as a gooseberry, and yet the recollection of what +he was two or three weeks ago, compared to what he is now, may +warrant the assumption that by the day of the race, some time +hence, B will have become the better man of the two.</p> + +<p>A coach who takes a crew in hand halfway through their +preparation should be prepared to hear evidence as to what was +the standard of merit of certain men some time back, compared +with their present form; otherwise he may delude himself as to +the relative merits and prospects of the material which he has +to mould into shape.</p> + +<p>Just as orators are said to learn at the expense of their +audience, so coaches do undoubtedly learn much at the expense +of the crews which they manage. Many a coach will agree that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +he has often felt in later years that, if he had his time over +again with this or that oarsman or crew, he would now form a +different judgment from what he formerly did.</p> + +<p>In concluding this chapter we cannot do better than extract +from Dr. Warre’s treatise on Athletics certain aphorisms +for the benefit of coaches, which he has tersely compiled under +the head of ‘Notes on Coaching’:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h4><span class="smcap">Notes on Coaching.</span></h4> + +<p>In teaching a crew you have to deal with—</p> + +<ul class="left ind5" style="list-style: none;"> + +<li>A. Crew collectively.</li> +<li>B. Crew individually.</li> + +</ul> + +<h5>A. <i>Collective.</i></h5> + +<p>1. <i>Time.</i>—<i>a.</i> Oars in and out together. <i>b.</i> Feather, same height; +keep it down. <i>c.</i> Stroke, same depth; cover the blades, but not +above the blue.</p> + +<p>2. <i>Swing.</i>—<i>a.</i> Bodies forward and back together. <i>b.</i> Sliders +together. <i>c.</i> Eyes in the boat.</p> + +<p>3. <i>Work.</i>—<i>a.</i> Beginning—together, sharp, hard. <i>b.</i> Turns of +the wrist—on and off of the feather, sharp, but not too soon. +<i>c.</i> Rise of the hands—sharp, just before stroke begins. <i>d.</i> Drop of +the hands—sharp, just after it ends.</p> + +<p><i>General Exhortations.</i>—’Time!’ ‘Beginning!’ ‘Smite!’ ‘Keep +it long!’ and the like—to be given at the right moment, not used +as mere parrot cries.</p> + +<h5>B. <i>Individual.</i></h5> + +<p>1. Faults of position.</p> + +<p>2. Faults of movement.</p> + +<p>N.B.—These concern body, hands, arms, legs, and sometimes +head and neck.</p> + +<p>1. Point out when you easy, or when you come in, or best of +all, in a gig. Show as well as say what is wrong and what is right.</p> + +<p>N.B.—Mind you are right. <i>Decipit exemplar vitiis imitabile.</i></p> + +<p>2. To be pointed out during the row and corrected. Apply the +principles taught in ‘E. W.’s’ paper on the stroke, beginning with +bow and working to stroke, interposing exhortations (A) at the +proper time.</p> + +<p>N.B.—Never hammer at any one individual. If one or two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +admonitions don’t bring him right, wait a bit and then try again. +For coaching purposes, not too fast a stroke and not too slow. +About thirty per minute is right. Before you start, see that your +men have got their stretchers right and are sitting straight to their +work.</p> + +<p>He teaches best who, while he is teaching, remembers that he +has much to learn.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig100" id="Fig100"></a> +<img src="images/illo100.png" alt="Medmenham Abbey" width="500" height="395" /> +<p class="caption">MEDMENHAM ABBEY.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER V.</h2> + +<h3>THE CAPTAIN.</h3> + +<p>The captain of a boat club is the most important member of it, +from a practical point of view. In some clubs, as with the +Universities, he is nominally as well as practically supreme—is +president as well as captain. In clubs on the Thames tideway, +such as Leander, London, Thames, and as in the Kingston +club higher up river, there is a president elected as the titular +head of the club, but that functionary is chiefly ornamental, to +add dignity to the society, and to instil sobriety into its councils. +Such a president is usually some old oarsman of renown, long +ago retired from active service, one whose name carries weight +and influence, but who has neither time nor inclination to interfere +with the oarsmanship of the members.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>It is the captain who can make or mar a club. He is the +general officer in command of the forces, while the president +(when such an extra official exists) is more of a field-marshal +enjoying <i>otium cum dignitate</i> at home. The qualifications +upon which a captain is, or should be, selected by his club are, +in the first place, personal merit as an oarsman and knowledge +of his craft; in the second, a due seniority, so that he may have +proper influence, both socially and in an aquatic sense, over +those whom he is appointed to command; thirdly, tact and +common sense.</p> + +<p>Deficiency in either one of these desiderata is often fatal to +a captain’s chances of success in his office. If he is a bad oar, +and lacking in practical knowledge compared with those under +him, it will little avail him to be a person of senior standing in +the crews and of social position. He will fail to carry with +him that prestige and confidence which should be the attribute +of all commanders who expect to lead men to victory. If, +on the other hand, he is a good oar, even the best of his club, +and yet is a fledgling in age, he will find it difficult to maintain +his command over sundry jealous seniors, and will, more than +all, require the third requisite of tact, which is less liable to +be found in a mere lad than in a man of the world who has +well passed his majority.</p> + +<p>A captain should be self-reliant without being obstinate; +he should be good-tempered but not facile; he should be firm +but not tyrannical, energetic but not a busybody. A captain +has usually a host of counsellors, and he too well realises the +fallacy of the adage that in a multitude of counsels there is +wisdom. If he were to pay attention to all the advice offered +to him he would never be able to have a mind of his own. And +yet he will do well not to run to the opposite extreme, nor to +decline to listen to anyone who ventures to offer him a suggestion. +If he is captain of a University crew he will find his bed +anything but one of roses. The eyes of the sporting world are +upon him from the commencement of Lent term. Daily he +will receive letters from individuals of whom he has never<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +before heard, offering him advice and criticising his line of +action. Many of his correspondents will be anonymous, and +too many of them splenetic. He must not be surprised to see +himself anonymously attacked in print for the selections which +he is making for a crew to represent his club. He will be +accused of partiality if he selects some man of his own college +in preference to an out-college man. He will find himself +abused if he decides to take an important oar in his own hands, +such as stroke or No. 7. He will be inundated with speculative +appeals from vendors of commodities who hope for gratuitous +advertisement of their wares. One of them will send him a +nondescript garment, and will assure him that if he will allow +his crew to row in dress of that build he and they shall be robed +gratis in it, and be assured of victory. Quack medicines will +be proffered him, and photographers will pester him and his +crew daily with requests to stand for an hour in a nor’-easter for +their portraits.</p> + +<p>Within the circle of his own club matters will not always +run smoothly. Sometimes he finds himself in the unpleasant +position of having, after due consideration and counsel, to +dispense with the services of some old brother blue who has +fallen off from his quondam form, or who, though good enough +among an inferior crew of a preceding year, is not up to par +compared with new oarsmen of merit who have come to the +fore since the last spring.</p> + +<p>Nevertheless, with all these drawbacks to office, a University +president or captain of a college has perhaps an easier task in +managing his crew than a captain of an elective club on the +Thames that is preparing for Henley or some similar contest. +In college life the brevity of career gives a special standing +and prestige to seniority, and the president of a U.B.C. is not +likely to be a very junior man. <i>Esprit de corps</i> does much to +keep College and University crews together, and there is less +likelihood of mutiny in such clubs than in those which are +purely elective, and which compete with each other for securing +the best oarsmen of the day. A malcontent college oar cannot<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +throw himself, even if he will, into the arms of another college; +still less can a dissatisfied candidate for one shade of blue ‘rat’ +and desert to the enemy. But in tideway and other clubs on +the Thames there is such a brisk competition for good oarsmen +that a man who finds he is likely to lose his chance of selection +in one club has opportunities for obtaining distinction under +some rival flag, and very possibly he already belongs to more +than one such club, and can put his services up to auction as +it were. If he finds that he will be relegated to some comparatively +unimportant seat in the club which has claims of +longest standing upon him, he may, if he is unpatriotic and +cantankerous, look out in some other club for a berth of greater +distinction. Such men are not uncommon, and are thorns in +the side of any captain. They tax his sixth sense of tact more +than anything: if he gives way to them, he risks spoiling the +arrangement of his crew; if he stands firm, he may send a +valuable man over to the enemy. On the other hand, it must +be said that many rival captains would decline to accept the +services of a deserter of this sort, and would feel that if such an +one would not be true to one flag, he could not be safely +trusted for long to row under another.</p> + +<p>Beside this sort of malcontent, whose ambition is to be <i>aut +Cæsar aut nullus</i>, the captain has to contend with obstructives +of other classes. There is the habitual grumbler, who is never +happy unless he has a grievance. To-day he cannot row properly +because the boat is always down on his oar. Yesterday +he was complaining that his rowlock was too high, and he had +leave to lower it accordingly. He may not be really bad-tempered, +nor mutinous; even his growls have a <i>triste bonhomie</i> +about them; in one sense he is a sort of acquisition to the +social element of the crew, for his grumblings make him a butt +for jokes and rallies. But when this system of grumbling goes +beyond a certain point it sorely tries a captain’s patience.</p> + +<p>Another sort of incubus is the old hand, who has never +risen beyond mediocrity, who has plenty of faults, but who +can be relied upon for a certain amount of honest work, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> +who fills a place better than some very backward oarsman. The +old stager is case-hardened in his crimes; they are second +nature to him, and, in spite of coaching, still he maunders on in +the same old style, with the same set faults. He has a time-honoured +screw, a dog’s-eared elbow, and yet he possesses what +many of the better-finished oarsmen do not—watermanship—and +can keep on at work in a rolling boat when many neater +oarsmen are all abroad if the ship gets off her even keel. Not +to coach his too obvious faults may make visitors fancy that +the old screw is a pattern fugleman to be copied for style; and +yet to spend objurgation on one so stiff-necked is disheartening +waste of wind.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig104" id="Fig104"></a> +<img src="images/illo104.png" alt="Rowing in rainstorm" width="450" height="389" /> +<p class="caption">PROSE.</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>Discipline is all-important in a crew, and it usually requires +tact to maintain it. If the captain is a triton among minnows, +he can better afford to hector; but, as a rule, he runs the risk +of mutiny, or at least of producing sulkiness, if he treats his +crew as if they were galley-slaves. If he is in the boat, working +with them, sharing their toils and privations, his task becomes +easier on this score; for the crew realise that, however irksome +the orders for the day may be, they are felt just as much by the +commander as by the rank and file. If a member of the crew +openly defies a captain, the bad example is too dangerous to be +tolerated. To expel a mutineer may ruin the chance of victory +for an impending race, but it will be best for the club in the +long run, and will be likely to save many a defeat.</p> + +<p>The writer has in mind two such incidents which occurred +to himself at different times while officiating as captain of a +club. In each case the mutineer was the stroke, and the <i>spes +gregis</i>. He resented being told to row slower, or faster, as +the case might be, and presently flatly declined to be dictated +to. In each case the boat was instantly ordered ashore, and +the grumbler was asked to step out. His place was filled by +some emergency man, he was left ashore, and was told at the +end of the day that the captain regretted to be obliged to +dispense with his services. In each case the rest of the crew +buttonholed their late stroke, and put the screw upon him to +beg pardon, and with success. The one stroke was reinstated +at his old post; the other was also put back to the boat, but +at No. 6. In both cases mutiny was stamped out once and for +all. Of these two men it may be said that one eventually rose +to be stroke of a winning University eight, and the other of a +winning Grand Challenge crew. In each case they were great +personal friends of the captain, and there was no interruption +of social relations through the peremptory line of conduct +pursued. Many old fellow-oarsmen of the writer will doubtless +recognise these incidents, in which names are naturally omitted.</p> + +<p>Punctuality is an important detail of discipline in a crew. +It is a good system to order a fine to be levied by the secretary<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +upon anyone who exceeds a certain limit of grace from the hour +fixed for practice. It is better that the secretary or treasurer +should levy it than the captain, because thereby the captain in +this detail places himself under the subordinate officer’s jurisdiction, +and is himself fined if he is late. He can do this without +loss of dignity, and in fact adds to his influence by submitting +as a matter of course to the general regulation. It spoils +the discipline of a crew if a captain takes French leave for himself, +and keeps his men dancing attendance upon him, and yet +rates them when one of them similarly delays the practice.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig106" id="Fig106"></a> +<img src="images/illo106.png" alt="Getting into the boat" width="500" height="327" /> +<p class="caption">EMBARKING.</p></div> + +<p>In making up a crew a captain is often in an invidious +position. It is said by cricketers that the danger of having a +leading bowler for captain of an eleven is that he is often +judicially blind as to the right moment for taking himself +off. Similarly, for a stroke to be captain, or rather for a likely +candidate for strokeship to be captain, may be productive of +misunderstandings and mischief to the crew. In old days +stroke and captain were synonyms. The ‘stroke’ was elected +by the club. He was supposed to be the best all-round oar, +and as such to be capable of setting the best stroke to the +crew. His office attached itself to his seat. In sundry old +college records of rowing we find the expression ‘a meeting of +strokes,’ where in modern times we should speak of a ‘captains’ +meeting.’ The U.B.C.’s departed from this tradition +more than forty years ago. Since then captains have been +found at all thwarts, even including that of the coxswain. +Most college clubs followed the U.B.C. principle forthwith, +but not all so. We can recall an incident to the contrary. +At Queen’s College, Oxon, there remained a written rule that +stroke should be captain as late as about 1862. In or about +that year a Mr. Godfrey was rowing stroke of the Queen’s +eight in the bumping races, and was <i>ex-officio</i> captain. He +had previously stroked the Queen’s torpid, and with good +success. One night during the summer races Queen’s got +bumped (or failed to effect a bump). Some of the crew laid +the blame of their failure upon their stroke, for having rowed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +as they alleged, too rapid a stroke. A college meeting had to +be called, and a new stroke to be ‘elected,’ before a change +could be made in the order of the boat for the next night’s +race! Mr. Godfrey was asked to resign his seat as stroke, which +of course he did, and took the seat of No. 6. His successor +was thus elected captain. Much sympathy for Mr. Godfrey’s +unfortunate statutory deposition from command was openly expressed +by out-college oarsmen, and the result was before long +that a change was made in the code of the Queen’s College +Boat Club, and its adaptation to that of the more advanced +rules which found favour with the majority of the U.B.C.</p> + +<p>However, just as a bowler at cricket is prone to be blind to +his own weaknesses, and to be imbued with ambition to do too +much with his own hands at moments when they have lost +their cunning, so when a captain has claims, not superlative, +to the after-thwart, there is always some danger lest his eagerness +to do all he can may blind him as to the best choice for +that seat. In some cases, as with (of late) Messrs. West and +Pitman, respectively strokes and presidents of their U.B.C’.s, +or in the cases of such oarsmen as Messrs. W. Hoare, W. R. +Griffiths, M. Brown, J. H. D. Goldie, R. Lesley, H. Rhodes, +&c., all of whom had won their spurs as first-class strokes +before they were elected to the presidency, the coincidence of +stroke and captain has done no harm and has found the best +man in the right place. Nevertheless, it is advisable to caution +all captains on this score, and to suggest to them that, when +they find themselves sharing a candidature for an important seat, +they will do well to ask the advice of some impartial mentor, +and abide by it.</p> + +<p>At Eton the traditional law of identity of stroke and captain +held good, with natural Etonian conservatism, until a +date even later than that of the previously related anecdote of +Queen’s College. So far as we can recollect, the first instance +in which an Eton eight was not stroked by its captain was in +1864. In that year Mr. (now Colonel) Seymour Corkran was +captain of Eton. He was a sort of pocket Hercules, of great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +breadth and weight, scaling close upon 13 st. Eton crews were +not then so heavy as in these days, and the wondrous old +Eton ‘Mat-Taylor’ boat, which then was still in her prime, +would not satisfactorily carry so heavy a weight in the stern. +Mr. Corkran placed himself at No. 7, and installed a light-weight, +Mr. Mossop, at stroke. In this year Eton won the +Ladies’ Plate for the first time, University College leaving +them to walk over for it, after University had had a severe +losing race earlier in the day against the Kingston Rowing +Club for the final heat of the Grand Challenge.</p> + +<p>The duties of a captain are not confined to the mere selection +of his racing crew for the moment, nor to the preservation +of order and <i>régime</i> in the matter of training. If he is to +do his duty by the club, he should be on duty pretty well all +through the season. He should keep his eyes open to note +any raw oarsman who shows signs of talent, and mark him +to be tried and coached into form hereafter. A captain of an +elective club can do much to maintain the credit of his flag +by looking up suitable recruits who have not yet joined a +leading club, and by inducing them to put themselves under +his care, and to submit themselves for election. One of +the best oars that ever rowed at Henley, who became an +amateur champion (Mr. W. Long), was secured for the L.R.C. +by the prompt energy of the then captain of that club, on +the occasion of Mr. Long’s <i>début</i> at Henley Regatta. On +that occasion he came from Ipswich, to row for the pairs, with +a partner much inferior to himself. They did not win, but +Mr. Long’s hitherto unknown merits were at once seen, and +his enlistment in the L.R.C. ranks had very much to do with +the long series of victories, especially in Stewards’ Cup and +other four-oar races, which for some seasons afterwards attended +the fortunes of the L.R.C.</p> + +<p><i>Per contra</i>, to show how a good oarsman may be going +begging, in 1867 Mr. F. Gulston was not asked to row either +by London or Kingston; he went to Paris to row in a pair-oar, +and still the L.R.C. overlooked him, though he was a member<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +of their club, and though the L.R.C. were entered for the +international regatta on the Seine. Mr. Gulston was nearly, +probably quite, as good an oarsman then as in his very best +days; but his light, though not hid under a bushel, was openly +disregarded by his club. Through the minor regattas of the +summer he took refuge with an ‘Oscillators’ crew, and shoved +three inferior men behind along at such a pace that next season +it was impossible to ignore him. He became stroke of the +L.R.C. Grand Challenge crew in 1868, and won the prize easily.</p> + +<p>A president of a U.B.C. has not the responsibility of +looking after recruits for his club. He has only to see +that he does not overlook the merits of those who are in it, +among the hundreds of young oarsmen who come out each +season in the torpids, lower divisions, and college eights. The +‘trial eights’ of the winter term have to be made up by him. +Each captain of a college crew is requested to send in the +names of ten or more candidates for these trials; but it is not +safe for a president to rely entirely upon the lists so furnished +to him. He is morally bound to give a fair trial to all the +candidates who are thus officially submitted to his notice; but +he ought also on his own account to have taken stock during +the summer races of the promising men of each college crew. +The opinions of college captains as to who are likely to make +the best candidates for University rowing must not always be +relied upon. It has often happened that better men have been +omitted than those whose names have been sent in to be tried.</p> + +<p>We have known a watchful president ask of a college captain +to this effect:</p> + +<p>‘What has become of the man who rowed No. 6 in your +torpid?’</p> + +<p>‘He played cricket all the summer, and did not row in the +summer eights.’</p> + +<p>‘You have not sent in his name?’</p> + +<p>‘No, I thought him too backward; he has never been in a +light boat in his life, and he only began to row last October +when he came up as a freshman.’</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>‘Can +I see him to-morrow and try him?’ says the president; +and eventually this cricketer of the torpids is hammered +into shape, and subsequently wears a double blue.</p> + +<p>The above is no exaggerated picture of what has been +known to result from careful supervision by a president of +the college rowing which comes under his notice. In 1862 +Messrs. Jacobson and Wynne rowed in the Oxford crew; the +writer believes, from the best of his recollection, that neither +of these gentlemen was named in the two primary picked +choices which had been sent in to represent Christ Church +in the trial eights. But the then president, Mr. George +Morrison, had observed them when they were rowing for their +college earlier in the season, and took note of them as two +strong men, who might be converted by coaching into University +oars; and he proved to be correct.</p> + +<p>A captain of a large club usually has his hands so full of +duties connected with representative or picked crews that he +can hardly be expected to find much time for systematically +coaching juniors. This preliminary work he is obliged to +depute to subordinates. In a London club there is usually a +sort of subaltern, or sometimes an ex-captain, who undertakes +to instruct junior crews or those who are competing for the +Thames Cup at Henley. In a college club it is a common +practice to elect a ‘captain of torpid,’ who is usually some one +who has rowed in the college eight, but who has not the +physique to compete for a seat in the University crew. At +Cambridge a large college club puts on so many crews for +the bumping races that it is necessary to find separate coaches +for nearly each boat. Even when this occurs, a really energetic +captain will endeavour to spare a day now and then to supervise +the efforts of his subalterns. At Oxford it is, or used to be, +customary for the five committee men of the O.U.B.C. to make +a point of coaching in turn, when asked, those college eights +which had no ‘blue,’ nor old oarsmen of experience, to instruct +them. All these arrangements tend to raise the standard of +rowing in various colleges, and so in the U.B.C. generally.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>The time comes when a captain retires from office, but it is +quite possible that he may find time to row again for his flag +after he has laid down his bâton. In his new <i>rôle</i> he can do, +in another line, quite as much to preserve discipline as when +he held the office in his own person. He should be the foremost +to set an example of subordination and of strict observance +of regulations and of training. Nothing does more to strengthen +the hands of a new captain than the spectacle of his late chief +serving loyally under him; and, on the other hand, nothing does +more to weaken the new ruler’s authority than the example of an +ex-captain self-sufficient and too proud to acknowledge the sway +of his successor. The ex-captain does not lose caste by strict +subordination; unless his successor is a man devoid of tact, he +will freely take his predecessor into his counsels; and, on the +other hand, the predecessor should be careful not to support +anarchy by interfering until he is asked to advise. We have +known the entire <i>morale</i> of a college crew upset because the +ex-captain, a University oar, has taken French leave and ordered +an extra half-glass of beer for himself (beyond the statutory +allowance), without observing the formal etiquette of first asking +the leave of his successor, whose standing was only that of +college-eight oarsmanship. Such a proceeding at once made +it more difficult than ever for the new captain to preserve discipline +and strict attention to training orders among the thirsty +souls with whom he had to deal. In some college boat clubs +there is a rule that the captain must be resident in college. +The object of this is to prevent the archives and trophies of the +boat club, which are in custody of the captain, from passing +outside the college gates, and so possibly getting astray in +lodgings. Such a rule as this naturally prevents many a senior +oarsman from holding the office (for after a certain standing +undergraduates migrate from college walls to lodgings). In +such cases those members of the college club who belong to +the University eight constantly find themselves under the formal +authority of one who does not pretend to equal their skill or +knowledge of aquatics. As a rule these retired generals work<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +harmoniously with their inferior but commanding in-college +oarsman; but cases do occur where want of tact on the part +of one or both parties has a very mischievous effect, and +causes the club to take a lower place on the race-charts than +it might have attained had all parties co-operated loyally for +the support of the flag.</p> + +<p>The position of captain of a club, whether rowing, cricket, +or athletics, is a very useful school for any young man, if he +uses his opportunity aright. It teaches him to be self-reliant; +to avoid vacillation on the one hand and obstinacy on the +other; to exercise tact and forbearance, and to set a good +example on his own part of observance of standing orders. +All these lessons serve him well in after-life. No man is the +worse, when fighting the battle of the world, for having learnt +both how to obey orders implicitly and also how to govern +others with firmness and tact. He will look back to many a +decision which he came to, and will perhaps be able to console +himself by reflecting that at the time he acted according to +the best of his lights; but none the less he will perceive that he +was then in error, and that as he sees more of aquatics, or of +any other branch of sport, he finds that he is only beginning +to learn the best of it when the time comes for him to take +his departure from the scene of actual conflict. If he will +apply the analogy to his career in life, whatever that may be, +he will prosper therein all the more by reason of the practical +lessons which he gained when his arena was purely athletic.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig115" id="Fig115"></a> +<img src="images/illo115.png" alt="River at Bisham Court" width="500" height="364" /> +<p class="caption">BISHAM COURT REACH.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2> + +<h3>THE COXSWAIN AND STEERING.</h3> + +<p>The ‘cock-swain’ wins his place chiefly on account of his weight, +provided that he can show a reasonable amount of nerve and +skill of hand. A coxswain is seldom a very practical oarsman, +although there have been special exceptions to this rule, e.g. +in the case of T. H. Marshall, of Exeter, Arthur Shadwell, of +Oriel, and a few others. But if he has been any length of time +at his trade he very soon picks up a very considerable theoretical +knowledge of what rowing should be, and is able to do +very signal service in the matter of instructing the men whom +he pilots. When a youth begins to handle the rudder-lines +there is often some considerable difficulty in inducing him to +open his mouth to give orders of any sort. Even such biddings +as to tell one side of oars to hold her, or another to row or +to back-water, come at first falteringly from his lips. It is but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +natural that he should feel his own physical inferiority to the +men whom he is for the moment required to order about so +peremptorily, and diffidence at first tends to make him dumb. +But he soon picks up his <i>rôle</i> when he listens to the audacious +orders and objurgations of rival pilots, and he is pleased +to find that the qualities of what he might modestly consider +to be impudence and arrogance are the very things which are +most required of him, and for the display of which he earns +commendation.</p> + +<p>Having once found his tongue, he soon learns to use it. +When there is a coach in attendance upon the crew, the pilot is +not called upon to animadvert on any failings of oarsmen; but +when the coach is absent the coxswain is bound to say something, +and, if he has his wits about him, he soon picks up enough +to make his remarks more or less to the purpose. The easiest +detail on which he offers an opinion is that of time of oars. At +first he feels guilty of ‘cheek’ in singing out to some oarsman +of good standing that he is out of time. He feels as if he +should hardly be surprised at a retort not to attempt to teach +his grandmother; but, on the contrary, the admonition is +meekly accepted, and the pilot begins at once to gain confidence +in himself. Daily he picks up more and more theoretical +knowledge; he notes what a coach may say of this or +that man’s faults, and he soon begins to see when certain admonitions +are required. At least he can play the parrot, and +can echo the coach’s remarks when the mentor is absent, and +before long he will have picked up enough to be able to discern +when such a reproof is relevant and when it is not. In +his spare time he often paddles a boat about on his own account, +and this practice materially assists him in understanding +the doctrines which he has to preach. As a rule, coxswains +row in very good form, when they row at all; and before +their career closes many of them, though they have never rowed +in a race, can teach much more of the science of oarsmanship +than many a winning oar of a University race or of a Grand +Challenge Cup contest.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>A coxswain is the lightest item in the crew, but unless he +sits properly he can do much harm in disturbing the balance +of a light boat. He should sit with a straight back; if he +slouches, he has not the necessary play of the loins to adapt +himself to a roll of the boat. He should incline just a trifle +forward; the spring of the boat at each stroke will swing him +forward slightly, and he will recoil to an equal extent on the +recovery. His legs should be crossed under him, like a tailor +on a shop-board, with the outside of each instep resting on the +floor of the boat. He should hold his rudder-lines just tight +enough to feel the rudder. If he hangs too much weight upon +them, he may jam the tiller upon the pin on which it revolves, +so that, when the rudder has been put on and then taken off, +the helm does not instantly swing back to the exact <i>status quo +ante</i>; and in that case the calculation as to course may be disturbed, +and a counter pull from the other line become necessary, +in order to rectify the course.</p> + +<p>A coxswain will do best to rest his hand lightly on either +gunwale, just opposite to his hips. He should give the lines a +turn round his palms, to steady the hold on them. Many coxswains +tie a loop at the required distance, and slip the thumb +through it; but such a loop should not be knotted too tight, +for when rudder-lines get wet they shrink; so that a loop which +was properly adjusted when the line was dry will be too far +behind in event of the strings becoming soaked.</p> + +<p>When a coxswain desires to set a crew in motion, the usual +formula is to tell the men to ‘get forward,’ then to ask if they +are ‘ready,’ and then to say ‘go,’ ‘row,’ or ‘paddle,’ as the case +may be. When he wishes to stop the rowing, without otherwise +to check the pace of the boat, the freshwater formula +is ‘easy all,’ at which command the oars are laid flat on the +water. In the navy the equivalent term is ‘way enough.’ +‘Easy all’ should be commanded at the beginning, or at latest +at the middle, of a stroke, otherwise it is difficult for the men +to stop all together and to avoid a half-commencement of the +next stroke.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>If a boat has to be suddenly checked and her way stopped, +the order is ‘Hold her all.’ The blades are then slightly inclined +towards the bow of the boat, causing them to bury in +the water, and at the same time not to present a square surface +to back-water. The handle of the oar should then be elevated, +and more and more so as the decreasing way enables each +oarsman to offer more surface resistance to the water. So soon +as the way of the boat has been sufficiently checked, she can +be backed or turned, according to what may be necessary in +the situation.</p> + +<p>In turning a long racing-boat care should be taken to do +so gently, otherwise she may be strained. If there is plenty +of room, she can be turned by one side of oars ‘holding’ her, +while bow, and afterwards No. 3 also, paddle her gently round. +If there is not room for a wide turn, then stroke and No. 6 +should back water gently, against bow, &c. paddling.</p> + +<p>A coxswain, when he first begins his trade, is pleased to +find how obedient his craft is to the touch of his hand; he +pulls one string and her head turns that way; he takes a tug +at the other line, and she reverses her direction. The ease with +which he can by main force bring her, somehow or other, to +the side of the river on which he desires to be tends at first to +make him overlook how much extra distance he unnecessarily +covers by rough-and-ready hauling at the lines. ‘Argonaut’<a name="FNanchor_7_7" +id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> +very lucidly uses the expression ‘a boat should be <i>coaxed</i> +by its rudder,’ a maxim which all pilots will do well to make +a cardinal point in their creed.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span +class="label">[7]</span></a> Mr. E. D. Brickwood.</p></div> + +<p>When a boat is once pointing in a required direction, and +her true course is for the moment a straight one, the pilot +should note some landmark, and endeavour to regulate his bows +by aid of it, keeping the mark dead ahead, or so much to the +right or to the left as occasion may require. In so doing he +should feel his lines, and, so to speak, ‘balance’ his bows on +his <i>point d’appui</i>. His action should be somewhat analogous +to what the play of his hand would be if he were attempting to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +carry a stick end upwards on the tip of his finger. He would +quickly but gently anticipate the declination denoted by each +wavering motion of the stick, checking each such deviation the +moment it is felt. In like manner when steering he should, +as it were, ‘hold’ his bows on to his steering point, regulating +his boat by gentle and timely touches; if he allows a wide deviation +to occur, before he begins to correct his course, he has then +a wide <i>détour</i> to make before he can regain his lost position. All +this means waste of distance and of rowing energy on the part +of the crew.</p> + +<p>In steering by a distant landmark the coxswain must bear +in mind that the parallax of the distant mark increases as he +nears it; so that what may point a true course to him, for all +intents and purposes, when it is half a mile away, may lead him +too much to one side or other if he clings to it too long without +observing its altered bearing upon his desired direction.</p> + +<p>When a coxswain has steered a course more than once he +begins to know his landmarks and their bearing upon each +part of the course. There is less strain upon his mind, and he +becomes able to observe greater accuracy. There is nothing +like having the ‘eye well in’ for any scene of action. A man +plays relatively better upon a billiard-table or lawn-tennis ground +to which he is well accustomed than on one to which he is a +stranger; and a jockey rides a horse all the better for having +crossed him before the day of a race. However good a coxswain +may be, he will steer a course more accurately, on the average, +in proportion as he knows it more or less mechanically.</p> + +<p>There is also a good deal in knowing the boat which has to +be steered. No two ships steer exactly alike. Some come round +more easily than others; some fetch up into the wind more freely +than others. In modern times it has been a common practice +for builders to affix a movable ‘fin’ of metal to the bottom of a +racing eight or four, under the after canvas, which fin can be +taken out or fixed in at option. In a cross wind this helps to +steady the track of a boat; but, unless wind is strong and is +abeam for a good moiety of the distance, the draw of the water<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +all the way occasioned by the fin costs more than the extra +drag of rudder which it obviates for just one part of the +course.</p> + +<p>In steering round a corner a coxswain should bear in mind +that he must not expect to see his boat pointing in the direction +to which he desires to make. His boat is a tangent to a curve, +the curve being the shore. His bows will be pointing to the +shore which he is avoiding. It is the position of his midship to +the shore which he is rounding that he should especially note. +The boat should be brought round as gradually as the severity +of the wave will allow. If the curve is very sharp, like the +corners of the ‘Gut’ at Oxford, or ‘Grassy’ or Ditton corners +at Cambridge, the inside oars should be told to row light for +a stroke or two. It will ease their labour, and also that of the +oars on the other side.</p> + +<p>When there is a stiff beam wind the bows of a racing craft +tend to bear up into the wind’s eye. The vessel is making +leeway all the time; therefore if the coxswain on such an occasion +steers by a landmark which would guide him were the +water calm, he will before long find himself much to leeward +of where he should be. In order to maintain his desired course +he should humour his boat, and allow her bow to hold up +somewhat into the wind (to windward of the landmark which +otherwise would be guiding him). To what extent he should do +so he must judge for himself, according to circumstances and +to his own knowledge of the leeward propensities of his boat. +To lay down a hard-and-fast rule on this point would be as +much out of place as to attempt to frame a scale of allowance +which a Wimbledon rifleman ought to make for mirage or cross-wind, +when taking aim at a distant bull’s-eye.</p> + +<p>Generally speaking a coxswain should hug the shore when +going against tide or stream, and should keep in mid-stream +when going with it. (Mid-stream does not necessarily imply +mid-river.) Over the Henley course, until 1886, a coxswain on +the Berks side used to make for the shelter of the bank below +Poplar Point, where the stream ran with less force. The alteration<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +(for good) of the Henley course which was inaugurated in +1886 has put an end to this, and both racing crews now take +a mid-stream course. The course is to all intents and purposes +straight, and yet it will not do to keep the bows fixed on one +point from start to finish. There is just a fraction of curve to +the left in it, but so slight that one finger’s touch of a line will +deflect a boat to the full extent required. The church tower +offers a landmark by which all pilots can steer, keeping it more +or less to the right hand of the bows, and allowing for the +increase of its parallax as the boat nears her goal.</p> + +<p>Over the Putney water the best course has changed considerably +during the writer’s personal recollections. Twenty +years ago the point entering to Horse Reach, and opposite to +Chiswick Church, could be taken close. The Conservancy +dredged the bed of the river, and also filled up a bight on the +Surrey shore. This transferred the channel and the strongest +current to the Middlesex side. In 1866 a head wind (against +flood tide) off Chiswick raised the higher surf near to the towpath, +showing that the main stream flowed there. It now runs +much nearer to the Eyot.</p> + +<p>Also the removal of the centre arch of old Putney Bridge +drew the main flood tide more into mid-river than of old; and +since then the new bridge has been built and the old one +altogether removed, still further affecting the current in the +same direction. There is a noticeable tendency in the present +day, on the part of all pilots, whether in sculling matches or in +eight-oar races, to take Craven Point too wide and to bear off +into the bay opposite, on the Surrey shore. The course should +be kept rather more mid-stream than of old, up to Craven +steps, but the point should be taken reasonably close when +rounding; there should not be, as has often been seen during +the last six years, room for a couple more boats to race between +the one on the Fulham side and the Craven bank.</p> + +<p>In old days, when Craven Point used to be taken close, and +when the set of the tide lay nearer to it than now, there ensued +an important piece of pilotage called ‘making the shoot.’ +It<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +consisted in gradually sloping across the river, so as to take the +Soapworks Point at a tangent, and thence to make for the Surrey +arch of Hammersmith Bridge. This ‘shoot’ is now out of +place: firstly, because the tide up the first reach from the start +of itself now tends to bring the boat more into mid-river off +the Grass Wharf and Walden’s Wharf; secondly, because the +Soapworks Point should now be taken <i>wide</i>, and not close. +The reason for this latter injunction is that the races of to-day, +by agreement, go through the centre arch of Hammersmith +Bridge. Now the flood tide does not run through the bridge +at right angles to the span. It is working hard across to the +Surrey shore. Therefore, if a boat hugs Soapworks Point as of +old, and as if the course lay through the shore arch, that boat will +have to come out, <i>across</i> tide, at an angle of about 25° to the +set of the tide, in order to fetch the outer arch and to clear +the buttress and the steamboat pier. Year after year the same +blunder is seen. Pilots, of sculling boats and of eight-oars +alike, wander away to the Surrey bay off Craven; then they +hug the shore till they reach the Soapworks foot-bridge, and +then they have to cross half the tide on their right before they +can safely point for the outer arch of the Suspension Bridge. +A pilot should endeavour to keep in mid-river off Rosebank +and the Crab Tree, and after passing the latter point he will, +while pointing his bows well to the right of the arch which he +intends to pass under, find the river move to the left under +him, until, with little or no use of rudder, he finds himself in +front of his required arch just as he reaches the bridge.</p> + +<p>After passing the bridge a boat should keep straight on +for another two hundred yards, else it will get into dead water +caused by the eddy of the Surrey pier. At Chiswick the course +may be taken wide (save and except, as in all cases, where force +of wind alters circumstances). The main tide runs nearest to +Chiswick Eyot. Horse Reach should be entered in mid-river; +there is little or no tide on the Surrey point below it.</p> + +<p>Making for Barnes Bridge, the boat should keep fairly near +to the Middlesex shore—how near depends upon whether the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +race is ordained to pass through the centre or the Middlesex +arch of Barnes Bridge. Once through Barnes Bridge, the course +should sheer in (if the centre arch has been taken) until the +boat lies as if it had taken the shore arch. It should attain +this position by the time it breasts the ‘White Hart.’ The river +is here a horseshoe to the finish. In linear measure a boat on +the Middlesex side has nearly two lengths less to travel than +the one outside it between Barnes Bridge and the ‘Ship.’ The +tide runs nearly as well within sixty feet of the shore as in mid-river +at this point, hence it pays to keep about that distance +from the Middlesex bank.</p> + +<p>The old Thames watermen who instruct young pilots over +the Putney course are often inclined to run too much in the +grooves which were good in their younger days, when they themselves +were racing on the river. Their instruction would be sound +enough if the features of the river had not undergone change, +as aforesaid, in sundry details. The repeated blunders of navigation +lately seen perpetrated by watermen as well as amateurs +between Craven Steps and Hammersmith make us lose much +faith in watermen’s tuition for steering the metropolitan course. +We would rather entrust a young pilot to some active member +of the London or Thames Rowing Clubs. These gentlemen +know the river well enough as it now is, and are not biassed by +old memories of what it once was but is no longer.</p> + +<p>University coxswains have easier tasks in these days than +their predecessors before 1868. Until the Thames Conservancy +obtained statutory powers in 1868 to clear the course for boat-racing, +it used to be a ticklish matter to pick a safe course on a +flood tide. There would be strings of barges towed, and many +more sailing, others ‘sweeping,’ up river. Traffic did not stop +for sport. Coxswains often found themselves in awkward predicaments +to avoid such itinerant craft, more so when barges +were under sail against a head wind, and were tacking from +shore to shore. In 1866 a barge of this sort most seriously +interfered with the Cambridge crew in Horse Reach, just when +Oxford had, after a stern race, given them the go-by off the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +Bathing-place. It extinguished any chance which might have +been left for Cambridge.</p> + +<p>In the preceding year C. R. W. Tottenham immortalised +himself by a great <i>coup</i> with a barge. She was tacking right +across his course (Oxford had just gone ahead after having +been led by a clear length through Hammersmith Bridge). This +was just below Barnes Bridge. Many a pilot would have tried +to go round the bows of that barge. At the moment when +she shaped her course to tack across tide there seemed to be +ample room to pass in front of her. Tottenham never altered +his course, and trusted to his own calculations. Presently the +barge was broadside on to Oxford’s bows, and only a few lengths +ahead. Every one in the steamers astern stood aghast at what +seemed to be an inevitable smash. The barge held on, and so +did Oxford, and the barge passed clear away just before Oxford +came up. Even if she had hung a little, in a lull of wind, it +would have been easy for Oxford to deflect a trifle and pass under +her stern. Anything was better than attempting to go round +her bows, which at first seemed to be the simplest course to spectators +not experts at pilotage. It must be admitted that so much +nerve and judgment at a pinch have never before or since been +displayed by any coxswain in a University match. Tottenham +had his opportunity and made the most of it. He steered thrice +afterwards, but even if he had never steered again he had made +his reputation by this one <i>coup</i>. In justice to other crack coxswains, +such as Shadwell and Egan of old, and, <i>par excellence</i>, +G. L. Davis in the present day, we must assume that if they had +been similarly tried they would have been equally triumphant.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig125" id="Fig125"></a> +<img src="images/illo125.png" alt="Feathering under the water" width="500" height="358" /> +<p class="caption">FEATHER ‘UNDER’ THE WATER.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER VII.</h2> + +<h3>SLIDING SEATS.</h3> + +<h4>I. THEIR ORIGIN.</h4> + +<p>When sliding seats were first used they completely revolutionised +oarsmanship, and caused old coaches whose names were +household words to stand aghast at the invention.</p> + +<p>The best use of them was but imperfectly realised by those +who first adopted them; and many of the earliest examples of +sliding-seat oarsmanship were sufficiently unorthodox, according +to our improved use of them in the present day, to justify the +declaration of more than one veteran whose opinion was always +respected that—’if that is sliding, it is not rowing.’</p> + +<p>The mechanical power gained by a sliding seat is so great +that even if he who uses it sets at defiance all recognised principles +of fixed-seat rowing, he can still command more pace than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> +if he adhered to fixed-seat work. It was the spectacle, in earlier +days of the slide, of this unorthodox sliding style beating +good specimens of fixed-seat oarsmanship which so horrified +many of the retired good oarsmen of the fixed-seat school. +Before long the true use of the slide became better understood, +and thus oarsmen—at all events scientific amateurs—began to +realise that, while bad sliding could manage to command more +pace than good fixed rowing, yet at the same time good sliding +(which will be explained hereafter) will beat bad sliding by even +more than the latter can distance good fixed-seat work.</p> + +<p>Just a similar sort of prejudice was displayed against the +earlier style of rowing in keelless boats. When these craft first +came in, oarsmen had little or no idea of ‘sitting’ them; they +rolled helplessly, and lost all form, but nevertheless they travelled +faster in the new craft than when rowing in good style +in old-fashioned iron-shod keeled boats. In a season or two +style reasserted itself, and it was found that it was by no means +impossible to row in as neat a shape in a keelless boat as in a +keeled one.</p> + +<p>Sliding on the seat had been practised long before the +sliding seat was invented, but only to a modified extent. +Robert Chambers of St. Antony’s, the quondam champion, +tried it now and then, and when preparing for his 1865 match +with Kelley he used to slide a trifle, especially for a spurt, and +to grease his seat to facilitate his operations. Jack Clasper, +according to Mr. E. D. Brickwood’s well-known treatise on +Boat-racing, used to slide to a small extent on a fixed seat +when he rowed in a Newcastle four which won on the Thames +in 1857. Of this detail the writer has himself no recollection. +Also, in 1867, a Tyne sculler, Percy, tried sliding on a fixed +seat in a sculling match against J. Sadler on the Thames (so +Mr. Brickwood relates). But none of these earlier sliders made +much good out of their novelty. The strain on the legs caused +by the friction on the seat prevented the oarsman from maintaining +the action for long, and meantime it took so much out +of him that it prematurely exhausted his whole frame.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>In 1870 Renforth’s champion four used to slide on the seat +for a spurt, but not for a whole course. They beat the St. John’s +Canadian crew very easily while so rowing in a match at Lachine, +but we believe that they would have won with about as much +ease had they rowed on fixed seats. In the same year a ‘John +o’ Gaunt’ four from Lancaster came to Henley Regatta and +rowed in this fashion, sliding on fixed seats. They had very +little body swing, and their style showed all the worst features +of the subsequent style which became too common when sliding +seats were first established. They did almost all their work by +the piston action of the legs, and their limbs tired under the +strain at the end of three or four minutes. They led a light +crew of Oxford ‘Old Radleians’ by three lengths past Fawley +Court, and then began to come back to them. The Oxonians +steadily gained on them, but had to come round outside them +at the Point, and could never get past them, losing the race by +less than a yard. Enough was seen on this occasion to convince +oarsmen that the Lancastrian style was only good for half-mile +racing. In the final heat for the Stewards’ fours a good L.R.C. +crew beat the Lancastrians with ease after going half a mile. +The Radleians would doubtless have also gone well by the Lancastrians +had the course been a hundred yards longer.</p> + +<p>So far the old fixed seat had vindicated itself for staying +purposes. But in the following year a problem was practically +solved. It seems that (so Mr. Brickwood tells us) an oarsman +comparatively unknown to fame, one Mr. R. O. Birch, had used +an actual sliding seat at King’s Lynn Regatta in 1870. Mr. +Brickwood seems to have been the only writer who took cognisance +of this interesting fact. University men and tideway +amateurs, also professionals so far as we can gather, seem not +to have heard of, or at least not to have heeded, the experiment. +Had Mr. Birch been a leading sculler of the day, +possibly the innovation might have been adopted earlier than +it was.</p> + +<p>Meantime in America the sliding seat had been better +known, but had not been appreciated. Mr. Brickwood tells us<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +that a Mr. J. C. Babcock, of the Nassau Boat Club, constructed +a sliding seat as long ago as 1857. Also that W. Brown, the +American sculler, tried one in 1861, but abandoned it. In +1869 Mr. Babcock once more devoted himself to the study +and construction of sliding seats, and brought out a six-oared +crew rowing on slides. But the invention did not obtain much +recognition, although Mr. Babcock was of opinion that his crew +gained in power of stroke through the new apparatus.</p> + +<p>How the seat came to be at length adopted arose thus. In +1871 two Tyne crews went to America to compete in regattas. +One of these was Renforth’s crew, and, as detailed elsewhere, +Renforth died during a race against the St. John crew. +Robert Chambers (not the ex-champion) took his place later +on for sundry regattas. The Tyne crews rowed with a good +average of success in America. Taylor, who commanded the +other Tyne four, raced a States four, called the Biglin-Coulter +crew, rowing with sliding seats. These Biglin-Coulter men did +not prove themselves, as a whole, any better than, if so fast +as, the British crew; consequently there was nothing to draw +especial attention to their apparatus. Of the two British crews, +that stroked by Chambers proved itself on the whole, through +various regattas, faster than Taylor’s four.</p> + +<p>Taylor bided his time. He proposed a match on the Tyne +between the two British fours, and the offer was accepted. +The match came off in the fall of the same year. Taylor’s +men had their boat fitted with sliding seats, and kept their apparatus +‘dark’ from the world and from their opponents. They +used to cease sliding when watched, and kept their apparatus +covered up. When the race came off, Taylor’s crew decisively +reversed the American regatta form, and beat Chambers’s crew +easily. This was ascribed to the slide, information as to which +leaked out after the race. The next University race was not +rowed with slides, but a couple of minor sculling races in the +spring were rowed with them. In June of that year a very fine +L.R.C. four (Messrs. J. B. Close, F. S. Gulston, A. de L. Long, +and W. Stout) rowed a four-oared match on the Thames against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +the Atalanta Club of New York. The L.R.C. men used slides. +That did not affect their victory; they were stronger and better +oarsmen than the Americans, and could have won easily on +fixed seats; but what gave a fillip to slides was the clear testimony +of these four oarsmen of undoubted skill to the advantage +which they felt themselves gain by their use. Instantly +there was a run upon slides. Henley Regatta was impending. +The L.R.C. crews were all fitted with them for that meeting. +Several other crews took to them after reaching Henley, +and after seeing the superiority which London obtained by +them. Kingston and Pembroke (Oxon) had their boats fitted +with slides less than a week before the race. Pembroke was a +moderate crew, and only entered because they held the Ladies’ +Plate. At first, in practice, Pembroke did about equal time +over the course with Lady Margaret, both crews being on fixed +seats. But the day after Pembroke got their slides they improved +some 15 secs. upon the time of Lady Margaret, who +kept to their old seats. It must, however, be recorded that +the Ladies’ Plate was won by a fixed-seat crew—Jesus, Camb. +This crew was by far the best in material of all the entries at +the regatta. Their individual superiority enabled them to give +away the slide to Pembroke, and had they taken to slides even +for the last few days they would probably have also won the +Grand Challenge. As it was, that prize fell to the L.R.C., a +crew which had four good men, and then a weak tail. The +sliding seat had now fairly established its claims. It should +be added that Pembroke, with two good and two moderate +men, won the Visitors’ Plate from a very good Dublin four, +about the best four that Dublin ever sent to Henley. Pembroke +used slides, and the Dublin men had fixed seats. (Slides +alone won this race for Pembroke.) The Pembroke slides +were on wheels—a mechanism which was soon afterwards discarded +by builders in favour of greased glass or steel grooves or +tubes, but which seems to be returning to favour in 1886 and +1887.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></p> +<h4>II. THEIR USE.</h4> + +<p>In order to understand the true action in a slide, it will be +well to recall the action of fixed-seat rowing. On the fixed +seat the swing of the body does the main work, being supported +by the legs, which are rigid and bent.</p> + +<p>On a slide the legs extend gradually, while at the same time +they support the body. On a fixed seat the body moves as the +radius of a circle that is stationary; on a slide the body moves +as the radius of a circle which is itself in motion. Suppose a +threepenny-piece and a half-crown placed alongside of each +other, concentrically, with a common pivot. Let the threepenny-piece +roll for a certain distance on the edge of a card. +Then any point in the circumference of the half-crown will +move through a curve called a ‘trochoid.’ This is practically +the sort of curve described by the head or shoulders of an oarsman +who rows upon a sliding seat.</p> + +<p>The actual gain of rowing power by means of this mechanism +is considerable. The exact extent of it is not easy to arrive at, +there being various factors to be taken into consideration.</p> + +<p>In the first place, the length of reach, or of the ‘stroke,’ is +considerably increased. Mr. Brickwood in 1873 conducted some +scientific experiments on dry land upon this subject, in conjunction +with the editor of the ‘Field’ and Mr. F. Gulston. The +result of these measurements was to demonstrate (in the person +of Mr. F. Gulston) a gain of about 18 inches in length of stroke +upon a 9-inch slide.</p> + +<p>In 1881 some casual experiments of a similar sort were conducted +on a lawn at Marlow by the Oxford crew then training +there. The writer was present, and, so far as he remembers, the +results practically confirmed the estimate of Mr. Brickwood +above recorded, allowance being made for the fact that the +gentleman by means of whose body the ideal stroke was +measured at Marlow was longer-bodied and longer in the leg +than Mr. Gulston.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span>As a second advantage, the sliding seat decidedly relieves the +abdominal muscles and respiratory organs during the recovery. +In dealing with scientific racing we have previously remarked +that the point wherein a tiring oarsman first gives way is in his +recovery, because of the relative weakness of the muscles which +conduct that portion of the action of the stroke. It therefore +is obvious that any contrivance which can enable a man to +recover with less exertion to himself will enable him to do more +work in the stroke over the whole course, and still more so if +the very contrivance which aids recovery also gives extra power +to the stroke.</p> + +<p>On the other hand, there are two drawbacks to the slide. +One of these is, that when sliding full forward the legs are more +bent than would be the case on a fixed seat. The body cannot +reach quite so far forward over the toes on a full slide as it can +on a properly regulated fixed seat. This slightly detracts from +the work of the <i>body</i> at the beginning of the stroke.</p> + +<p>Again, when a slide is used to best advantage, the greatest +mechanical benefit occurs just when the body arrives at the +perpendicular, and when the legs are beginning to do the greater +portion of their extension. This causes the greater force of the +stroke to be applied behind the rowlock, in contradiction of all +old theories of fixed-seat oarsmanship.</p> + +<p>Taking all <i>pros</i> and <i>cons</i> together, it has been practically +proved beyond doubt to every rowing man for more than a +decade that the slide gains much more than it sacrifices. Even +bad sliding secures sufficient advantage to beat fixed-seat rowing +(<i>ceteris paribus</i>), and good sliding completely distances +fixed-seat performances. It is often remarked that the ‘times’ +performed by sliding-seat crews are not glaringly superior to +those of fixed-seat annals. This is correct. Nevertheless the +balance is clearly in favour of sliding performances. The actual +difference is much greater than times happen to disclose; it is +somewhat fallacious to draw deductions from averages of recorded +times, unless the individual condition of wind and weather, and +of close or hollow races, be also chronicled for each year. On<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +p. 106 record is given of the actual gain attained by Pembroke +College crew within ten days of their essaying the use of slides. +It may be added that Kingston, who adopted slides about the +same day, displayed much about the same increase of speed, +as shown by clocking and by comparing their times with those +of other crews before and after their adoption of slides.</p> + +<p>Another matter throws light on the question, and that is the +records of practice times—which are, on the whole, more trustworthy +to prove an average than race times. Races have to start +at fixed hours, irrespective of weather, whereas practice can +select smooth days for trials. The records of sliding trials—over +Henley courses and tideway—when wind and water have been +favourable, show a much greater advance over similar practice +trials of fixed-seat crews than is disclosed by the racing times +of sliders. The writer believes that he is not far wrong in +estimating the difference between sliding and fixed seats, in an +eight or four, over the Henley course at 15 secs. (rough), and +at something well over half a minute over the Putney course. +Scullers gain more by slides than oarsmen, because they can +work square throughout to the stretcher, whereas the oarsman’s +handle tends to place the strain at different angles to his body +as the stroke progresses.</p> + +<p>Not much importance need be attached to the fact that the +first University race rowed on slides eclipsed all its predecessors +(and successors) for time.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a +href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> It is well known that a gig eight +with fixed seats on a good flood could do much faster time than +a racing and sliding ship on a neap. The 1873 race hit off a +one-o’clock tide and fair weather; and it would equally have surpassed +all or most predecessors if the crews had not used slides. +But still it was fortuitous that the first race of this class in +the U.B.C.’s series should thus indicate the novelty by time +record.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> See <a href="#Page_252">Tables</a>.</p></div> + +<p>What is more striking is the ease with which times of about +twenty minutes or under are now repeatedly accomplished, and +by moderate crews, on moderate tides, and often with breezes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> +unfavourable. Till slides came in twenty minutes had only once +been beaten, and that was by the Oxford crew of 1857 in practice +(19 min. 53 sec.); and as Mr. T. Egan, at that date editor of +aquatics in ‘Bell’s Life,’ then recorded in that journal, the oldest +waterman could hardly recall such springs as foamed through +Putney arches that week, and especially upon that day of trial.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig133a" id="Fig133a"></a> +<img src="images/illo133a.png" alt="First part of stroke" width="500" height="286" /> +<p class="caption">PRACTISING STROKE (1).</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig133b" id="Fig133b"></a> +<img src="images/illo133b.png" alt="Second part of stroke" width="500" height="282" /> +<p class="caption">PRACTISING STROKE (2).</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig134a" id="Fig134a"></a> +<img src="images/illo134a.png" alt="Third part of stroke" width="500" height="291" /> +<p class="caption">PRACTISING STROKE (3).</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig134b" id="Fig134b"></a> +<img src="images/illo134b.png" alt="Fourth part of stroke" width="500" height="289" /> +<p class="caption">PRACTISING STROKE (4).</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>In 1871 Goldie’s (third) crew were supposed to do wonderful +time (20 min. 11 sec.), on a good spring and smooth +day. It sufficed to make them hot favourites. In these days +a sliding crew that could not beat 19 min. 40 sec. on a +smooth spring tide would be reckoned to have a bad chance +of success.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>The value of slides is therefore beyond dispute, but the +oarsman should realise that good sliding distances bad sliding +quite as far as bad sliding can beat fixed seats.</p> + +<p>Hence the importance of using the slide to the best advantage. +To realise what he has to do, let a man test separately +his two forces which he has presently to combine. Let him +row an ordinary fixed-seat stroke: this shows him the power of +his swing; then let him sit upright, holding his oar, and, having +slid up forward, kick back with rigid back and arms. He will +feel that he grips the water even more forcibly for the instant +by the second than by the former process. The fallacy of bad +sliders is to be content with this gain of power in the action last +named, and to substitute slide for swing (the arms eventually +rowing the stroke home in either case). The problem which +an oarsman has to solve is to <i>combine</i> the two actions.</p> + +<p>In order to do this, he should realise an important fact, viz. +that the body cannot work effectually unless it receives support +from the extensor muscles of the legs. Therefore, if he slides +before he swings, or if he completes his slide before he completes +his swing, any swing which he attempts after the slide is played +out is practically powerless. Also, if the swing is thus rendered +helpless, so also is the finish of the stroke with the arms, for +these depend upon the body for support, and the body cannot +supply them with this support unless the legs in their turn are +doing their duty to the body.</p> + +<p>Bearing this amount of theory in mind, the oarsman should +put it into practice thus. He should get forward (and immerse +his blade, as on a fixed seat). Then, at the moment he touches +the water, he should bring his body to bear upon the handle, +just as if he were for the instant rowing on a fixed seat; his +legs should be rigid, though bent, at the instant of catch. (See +<a href="#Fig133a">No. 1</a>, p. 110.) So soon as the catch has been applied, the oar-handle +begins to come in to the operator. Now comes a bit +of watermanship and management of the limbs which require +special attention, and which few oarsmen, even in these days +of improved sliding, carry out to exact perfection. The knees<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> +have been elevated by the slide (if it is anything over 4 inches) +to a height over which the oar-handle cannot pass without +being elevated in its turn. Therefore, having once made his +catch with rigid knees, the pupil should then begin to slide, +contemporaneously with his swing, for a small distance, until +he has brought his knees to such a level that the oar-loom +can pass over them (<a href="#Fig133b">No. 2</a>, p. 110). He should during this +period of the stroke slide only just so much as is required in +order to bring his knees to the necessary height before the oar +reaches them. By the time that the oar comes over them he +will be about the perpendicular (<a href="#Fig134a">No. 3</a>, p. 111). Now comes +that part of the stroke which, on a slide, is the most effective. +The body should from this point swing well back, much further +so than would be orthodox upon a fixed seat; all the time that +the body is thus swinging back the legs should be extending, +and the pace of extension should be regulated according to the +length of slide. In any case the slide and swing should terminate +contemporaneously (<a href="#Fig134b">No. 4</a>, p. 111). The arms, as in +fixed-seat rowing, should contract and row the stroke home +while the body is still swinging back. They should not begin +to bend until the trunk has well passed the perpendicular.</p> + +<p>The oarsman must bear in mind that the moment for +finishing his slide should be regulated, not by the length of the +<i>slide</i>, but by <i>the length of his swing</i>, and the latter should go +well back until his body is at an angle of about thirty degrees +beyond the perpendicular. Suppose he has a long slide, say +of 10 inches or more, and he decides, either from fatigue or +because he need not fully extend himself, to use only part of +his slide; or suppose he is changed from a boat fitted with +11-inch slides to one with 9-inch ditto, he must not, when +using the shorter slide, allow his legs to extend as rapidly as +they did when they had a longer distance to cover. If he fails +to observe this he will ‘hurry’ his slide, and will bring it to an +end before the swing is completed, thus rendering the latter +part of the swing helpless for want of due leg-support. If slide +and swing are not arranged contemporaneously, it is far better<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> +that a balance of slide should remain to be run out after the +swing has finished than <i>vice versâ</i>. The legs can always push, +and so continue the stroke, even if the body is rigid; but the +body cannot conversely do anything effective for the stroke when +once the legs have run their course.</p> + +<p>The recovery on a sliding seat is not quite the counterpart +of that on a fixed seat. On the fixed seat the recovery should +be the converse of the stroke: i.e. the arms, which came in +latest, while the body was still swinging back, should shoot out +first, while the body is beginning its return swing; and just as +the first part of the stroke was performed with straight arms +and swinging body, so the last part of the recovery should disclose +a similar pose of arms and body. But upon a slide there +is not exactly such a transposition on the recovery of the +motions which are correct for the stroke. The hands play the +same part as before; they cannot well be too lively off the chest +and in extension, because the knees require more clearing on +slides, and the sooner the hands are on the safe side of them +the less chance is there of fouling the water on the return +of the blade. But, as regards the relations between slide and +swing, these should <i>not</i> bear the same relation conversely which +they did to each other during the stroke. The pupil was enjoined +not to let his slide run ahead of his swing while rowing +the stroke through; but on the recovery he may, and should, +let his slide get well ahead, and be completed before the body +has attained its full reach forward. The body should not +<i>wait</i> for the swing to do its duty first, but it should begin at +once to recover, though more leisurely than the legs. The +reasons for this are:—</p> + +<p>1. The pace of the slide lends impetus to the trunk, and +eases the labour of the forward swing; it transfers some of the +exertion of recovering the trunk from the abdominal muscles, +which are weak, to the flexors of legs and loins, which are much +more powerful, and are better able to stand the strain.</p> + +<p>2. The body needs some purchase upon which to depend +for its recovery, and the legs can aid it in this respect much<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +more effectually when bent than when rigid. Therefore, since +staying power is greatly affected by the amount of exertion involved +in recovery (as explained in previous pages), the oarsman +will last longer in proportion as he thus omits the recovery +of his trunk, by accelerating his slide on the return.</p> + +<p><a name="SecRef15" id="SecRef15"></a>Many good oarsmen slide until the knees are quite straight. +In the writer’s opinion, this is waste of power: the knees should +never <i>quite</i> straighten; the recovery is, for anatomical reasons, +much stronger if the joint is slightly bent when the reversal +of the machinery commences (<a href="#Fig134b">No. 4</a>, p. 111). The extra half-inch +of kick gained by quite straightening the knees hardly +compensates for the extra strain of recovery; also leg-work to +the last fraction of a second of swing is better preserved by this +retention of a slight bend, and an open chest and clean finish +are thereby better attained. Engineers, who know what is +meant by a ‘dead point’ in machinery, will at once grasp the +reason for not allowing the legs to shoot quite straight.</p> + +<p>When a crew are being coached upon slides, it is of great +importance to get the slide simultaneous, and as nearly as +possible equal. A long-legged man, sculling, may use a much +longer slide than a short man. But in an eight, if the long +man fits his stretcher as if for sculling, he will be doing more +than his share, and may be unable to shoot so long a slide +through in the required time, except by dint of ‘hurrying’ it; +and, if he does this latter, the result is to cripple his swing, as +shown <i><a href="#SecRef15">supra</a></i>. There must be a certain amount of give-and-take +in arranging slides in an eight or four oar. That length +of slide is best which all the crew can work simultaneously and +effectively, preserving uniformity of swing and slide.</p> + +<p>When tiros are being taught their first lesson in sliding, +they should be placed on very short slides, say 3 inches at +most. The centre of the slide only should be used. The +runners should be blocked fore and aft, so that when the +slide stands half way (1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> inch from foremost block), the distance +from the seat to the stretcher should be just as much as +the man would require if he were on a fixed seat.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>Young hands are less likely to make their stroke all slide +and no swing if they have at first only such length of slide as +above indicated. When the slide of 3 inches has been mastered, +it may be lengthened, inch by inch. In thus lengthening +the slide, it is best to add, at first, more to the forward +part of the slide than to the back part, i.e. say, for a 4-inch +slide, 2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> inches +before and 1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> inch behind, the point of seat +for fixed-seat work, to the same stretcher. This arrangement +prevents the pupil from lacking leg-support at the end of his +swing, and teaches him to feel his legs well against the +stretcher till the hands have come home to the chest. When +4 inches have been mastered, add another inch forward and +about half an inch back, and so on. In time the beginner +will reach the full range of his slide forward, while yet he is +‘blocked’ from using the full distance back. When he becomes +proficient in this pose, his slide back can be increased +by degrees until he attains a full slide. The great thing is to +induce him from the first to combine his slide with his swing, +and not to substitute the former for the latter.</p> + +<p>When slides first came in shocking form was seen upon +them, as previously stated. This was a venial result of oarsmen +being driven—by emulation to win prizes in races immediately +impending—to attempt to run before they had learnt to +walk, so to speak. The year 1873 saw worse form among amateurs +than the writer can recall in any season. In 1874 matters +began to mend. The two University strokes of that year, Messrs. +Rhodes and Way, had each been at pains to improve his style +since he had last been seen in public at Henley. Each seemed +to realise that he had been on a wrong tack, and set to work to +alter his style radically. These same gentlemen were strokes +of their respective U.B.C.’s in 1875, and the improvement was +still more palpable. The Oxonian had an exceptionally fine +lot of men behind him; the Cantab had two or three weak +men in the bows who did not do justice to him. But none +the less, when these crews performed at Putney, old-fashioned +critics, who had been till then prejudiced against the new<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +machinery, as being destructive to form, were fain to admit +that after all, when properly managed, slides could produce as +good form of body and shoulders as in the best of the old days. +The Leander crew which won the G.C.C. at Henley in that +year showed admirable sliding form. It was stroked by Mr. +Goldie, who had rowed all his University races on a fixed seat. +When he first took to a slide (for sculling) he fell into the same +error as many other amateurs, almost entirely substituting slide +for swing. But for this oversight he might have won both +Diamond and Wingfield sculls. He soon saw his error, like +Messrs. Rhodes and Way, and when he stroked Leander in +1875 no one could have recognised him as the same man +who had been contesting the Diamonds in 1872. These three +fuglemen strokes did much to elevate the standard of sliding +among amateurs; it was chiefly through their examples, crowned +with success, that the earlier samples of sliding oarsmanship +became better realised. Professionals remained blind in their +own conceit, as is shown in <a href="#Page_217">another chapter</a>, but from this +date amateur oarsmanship completely gave the go-by to professional +exhibitions of skill and science in aquatics.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig141" id="Fig141"></a> +<img src="images/illo141.png" alt="College four" width="500" height="340" /> +<p class="caption">A COLLEGE FOUR.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER VIII.</h2> + +<h3>FOUR-OARS.</h3> + +<p>The fewer the number of performers in a boat the longer does +it take (with material of uniform quality) to acquire absolute +evenness of action. This may seem paradoxical, but none the +less all practical oarsmen will, from their own personal experiences, +endorse the statement. It has been said that it takes +twice as long to perfect a four as an eight, twice as long to +perfect a pair as a four, and twice as long to perfect a sculler +as a pair. This scale may be fanciful, but it is approximately +truthful; it refers, of course, to the education of oarsmen for +work in the respective craft, from their earliest days of instruction. +It means that a higher standard of watermanship has to +be attained, in order to do justice to the style of craft rowed in, +according as the ship carries more or fewer performers. Many +an oarsman who by honest tugging can improve the go of an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +eight-oar will do more harm than good in a light four, and will +be simply helpless in a racing pair.</p> + +<p>Four-oar races, with the exception of some junior contests, +are now rowed in coxswainless craft. The first of these seen +in Europe was that of the St. John’s Canadian crew (professional, +but admitted for the nonce as amateurs) at the Paris +International Regatta 1867. All the other crews carried steerers. +The Canadians had the windward station in a stiff wind, and +won easily. Next year the B.N.C. Oxon Club produced a four +thus constructed at Henley. The rules did not forbid this; +but the novelty scared other competitors and threatened to +spoil the racing in that class. The stewards accordingly passed +a resolution forbidding any of the entries to dispense with a +coxswain, and under cover of this disqualified the B.N.C. four +when it came in ahead.</p> + +<p>Next year the resolution referred to remained in force (as +regards the Challenge Cups), but a presentation prize for fours +without coxswains was given, and was won by the Oxford +Radleian Club. In 1871 the chief professional matches were +rowed without coxswains; but no more prizes were given for +this class of rowing at Henley until 1873, when the Stewards’ +Cup was classed for ‘no coxswains.’ At Oxford college fours +were similarly altered, but the steering was so bad that it +was seriously proposed to revert to the old system. A similar +proposal was made with regard to Henley. Fortunately, wiser +counsels prevailed, and oarsmen realised that it was better to +attempt to raise their own talents to the standard required for +the improved build than to detract from the build to suit the +failings of mediocrity. In 1875 the Visitors and Wyfold Cups +were emancipated from coxswains, and since then the standard +of amateur four-oar rowing has gradually risen to the requirements +of the improved class of build.</p> + +<p>Steerage is of course the main difficulty in these pairs. Three +different sorts of apparatus have been used in them. Two +of these are much of the same sort. One, generally in use to +this day, consists of two bars projecting from the stretcher, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +working horizontally in slits cut in the board. The foot presses +against one bar or other to direct the rudder, Another process +is to fix a shoe to the stretcher, in which the oarsman places his +foot. This shoe works laterally. The third is one tried by the +writer in 1868. Every inventor thinks his goose a swan, and +possibly the writer is over-sanguine as to the merits of his own +hobby. It consists of two bars laid on the stretcher, like a +very widely opened letter V, the arms of the V pointing in the +direction of the sitter. Each arm is hinged at the apex of the +V. The stretcher is grooved, so that either arm can be pressed +into the groove, flush with the surface of the stretcher. Behind +each bar is a spring. The bars cross the stretcher just +about the ball of the foot. The hinge is sunk deep in the wood, +so that the arms of the levers do not begin to project above +the wood till some 5 inches on either side of the centre of the +stretcher. The feet are placed in ordinary rowing pose, in the +middle of the V, where the levers lie below the flush surface +of the stretcher. The strap, though tight, has a <i>wide</i> loop, to +admit of slight lateral movement of the feet. To put on rudder +either foot is slipped half an inch or so outward. This brings +it on to the lever of that side, and the pressure of the foot drives +the lever flush. This pressure and movement of the lever, by +means of another small lever and swivel outside the gunwale, +in connection with it, works the rudder line. When steerage +enough has been obtained, a half-inch return of the foot to its +normal pose releases the lever, and the spring behind it at once +brings it to <i>status quo ante</i>.</p> + +<p>Now in the other two mechanisms above cited, the same +foot has to steer <i>both</i> ways. Hence, for one of the two directions, +the toe must turn in like a pigeon’s. This must, for the +moment, cripple leg-work, especially on slides. Again, with +lateral movement in first and second machines, it is difficult +for the steerer to know to exactness when his rudder is ‘off.’ +He may, in returning it after steerage, leave it a trifle on, or +carry it the other way too far. If so, he has to counter-steer a +stroke or two later, till he feels that his rudder is free and +trailing.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +The writer claims for his own invention that it never removes +the feet from the proper outward-turned pose against the +stretcher, and that the springs under the lever ensure the rudder +swinging back and ‘trailing’ so soon as a lever is released.</p> + +<p>Whatever apparatus is used, <i>wires</i>, not strings, should lead +the rudder, and should not be too tight; they will pull enough, +though slightly loose.</p> + +<p>Anyone may steer; the best waterman, if not too short-sighted, +should do so, but stroke should not take the task if +anyone else is at all fit for it.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig144" id="Fig144"></a> +<img src="images/illo144.png" alt="Four oar" width="500" height="316" /> +<p class="caption">FOUR-OAR.</p></div> + +<p>The steerer should not be repeatedly looking round, as +regards his course. If he is sure of no obstacles lying in his +path, he can, when once he has laid his boat straight for a +reach, watch her stern-post, and keep touch on it, to hold it to +some landmark.</p> + +<p>A coxswainless four really facilitates oarsmanship. It recovers +from a roll more freely than the old-fashioned build +with a pilot. It is uneven rowing which causes a roll, but +when once equilibrium has been disturbed the coxswain has +more difficulty than the crew in regaining balance. The oarsmen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +aid themselves with their oars, as with balancing poles. +The removal of the coxswain therefore tends to reduce the +rolling, and facilitates the speedy return of the ship to her keel +when momentarily thrown off it. Coxswainless fours at Henley +travel now much more steadily than did those with coxswains +fifteen years ago. A runner on the bank, to look out for +obstructive craft, is useful in practice. It enables the steerer +to keep his eyes on his stern-post, and to guide his course +thereby in confidence, without repeated twists round to see if +any loafing duffer is going to smash his timbers. The pace of +a first-class coxswainless four, in smooth water, for half a mile +is quite as great as that of a second-class eight-oar with a coxswain. +The abolition of coxswain has improved the speed of +fours some forty seconds over the Henley course.</p> + +<p>One good resulted from the attempt of B.N.C. in 1868 +to row without a coxswain. It opened the eyes of the regatta +executive to the unfairness of tolerating boy coxswains. The +University clubs used to carry boys of four or five stone. In +that very year the ‘Oscillators’ had a four-stone lad, while +University College carried an eight-stone man. There was just +as much difference between these two fours in dead weight +carried as between B.N.C. (with no coxswain) and the Oscillators. +University clubs are <i>ex officio</i> debarred from obtaining +boys to steer. This inequality had been complained of by +college crews time after time. Old Mr. Lane, the usual vice-chairman, +used to sneer at the complaint, and say, ‘If a boy +can do in one boat what it takes a man to do in another, it is +not fair to prohibit the boy.’ If this were logical, then, <i>pari +passu</i>, there could be no unfairness for one man to do single-handed +what in other boats it took a man and a boy (or two +men) to do, viz. both row and steer. Mr. Lane’s fallacy was +exploded by this <i>reductio ad absurdum</i> of his tenets, and regulation +weights for coxswains were initiated for following years.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig146" id="Fig146"></a> +<img src="images/illo146.png" alt="Barge, swans and horse near Medenham" width="500" height="390" /> +<p class="caption" style="margin-left: -250px; margin-top: -3em;">NEAR MEDMENHAM.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER IX.</h2> + +<h3>PAIR-OARS.</h3> + +<p>More than one master of oarsmanship has declared that good +pair-oar rowing is the acme of oarsmanship. Just as there are +fewer oarsmen who can do justice to a four-oar than to an +eight, so when we come to pair-oars we find still fewer performers +who can really show first-class style in this line of +rowing. Much as watermanship is needed in a four, it is still +more important to possess it when rowing in a pair. One, or +even two men, out of a four-oared crew may be what would be +considered bad watermen, i.e. not <i>au fait</i> at sitting a rolling +boat, and not instinctively time-keepers. Yet, if the other two +men have the quality of watermanship, the four may speedily +fall together, provided the two outsiders show sound general +principles of style. In a pair-oar, if either of the hands is a +bad waterman, the combination will never rise above mediocrity.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +In pair-oar rowing there is needed a <i>je-ne-sais-quoi</i> sort +of mutual concession of style. One man is stroke and the +other bow, but there is in good pair-oarsmen an indefinite and +almost unconscious give-and-take action on the part of both +men. The style of the two is a sort of blend.</p> + +<p>Old Harry Clasper, when asked which steered, of himself +and his son Jack, in a pair, said that ‘both steered.’ To do +this is the acme of homogeneous rowing. Of two partners +one may, and should, act as chief; but his colleague should be +co-operating with him, and almost anticipating his motions and +orders.</p> + +<p>When two strange partners commence work, they should +make up their minds not to row ‘jealous.’ If each begins by +trying to row the other round, they will disagree like Richard +Penlake and his wife. They had better each try to see who +can do least work: sit the boat, paddle gently, studying to drop +into the water together, to catch the water together, to finish +together, to feather together (and cleanly), and to recover together. +The less work they try to do, while thus seeking to +assimilate their motions to each other, the quicker will they +settle down.</p> + +<p>As to rowing each other round, such emulation should never +enter their heads. To row a partner round is no proof of +having done more work than he towards propelling the boat. +One man may catch sharply and row cleanly, and in a style +calculated to make a boat travel; his colleague may slither the +beginning and tug at the end, staying a fraction of a second later +in the water than the other, but rowing no longer in reach. The +latter will probably row the boat round! A tug at the end of a +stroke turns a boat much more than a catch at the beginning; +yet the latter propels the racing boat far more. Of course, if two +men row alike in style and reach from end to end, and one puts +on all through the stroke a trifle more pressure, the ship will turn +from the greater pressure. But, unless it can be guaranteed +that the style of each partner is identical all through the stroke, +‘rowing round’ does not prove a superiority of work.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig148" id="Fig148"></a> +<img src="images/illo148.png" alt="Pair oars about to collide" width="500" height="323" /> +<p class="caption">PAIR OARS—AN IMMINENT FOUL.</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>We have said that good watermen will sit a pair where bad +ones will roll. So far so good. But good watermen, first beginning +practice with each other, must not assume that because +they do not roll their uniformity is therefore proved. Their +power of balance can keep the boat upright, even though there +may be at first some inaccuracies of work. Thus to balance a +boat requires a certain amount of exertion; in a race, at this +stage, this labour of balancing would take something off the +power of the stroke. Besides, until the two oars work with +similar pressure through the whole stroke, the keel cannot be +travelling dead straight. Steady though good men may be at +scratch, they will gain in pace as they continue to practise, and +insensibly assimilate their action. With bad watermen cessation +of rolling is a sign that the styles have at last assimilated; with +good watermen the deduction is not necessarily sound.</p> + +<p>In old days pair-oars rowed without rudders. The two +oars guided the ship. It was best to let the stronger man +steer. He could thus set his partner to do his best all the +way in a race, could ease an over or two, or lay on that much +extra, from stroke to stroke, according as the stern-post required +balancing on the landmark which had been selected as +its <i>point d’appui</i>. To learn each other’s strength and to know +the course, to know by heart when to lay on for this corner, or +to row off for that, was the study of practice and tested watermanship. +In modern times a thin metal rudder is usually +used, steered as in coxswainless fours. In a beam wind this +materially aids pace, it enables the leeward oar to do his full +share, instead of paddling while his partner is toiling. Even +in still water it is some gain, provided the helm can be easily +‘trailed’ when not wanted. The facility with which such a +pair can be steered tempts men to omit to study that delicate +balance of a boat’s stern on its point which was the acme of +art before rudders came in. We have seen a (rudderless) pair +leave a wake up Henley reach, from island to point, on a glassy +evening, as straight as if a surveyor’s line had been stretched +there. In fact, to steer such a pair, with a practical partner,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +was, if anything, easier to some men than to steer an eight. +The stern-post lay in view of the oarsman, and could be adjusted +on its point like a gun barrel, whereas the actual bows of an +eight are unseen by a coxswain.</p> + +<p>Except a sculling boat, a pair-oar is the fastest starting of +all craft; but if it is thus easy to set in motion at the outset of +a race, it is plain that it can be spurted later on as suddenly. +Bearing this in mind, there is no object in starting a pair in a +race at a speed which cannot go all the way. There is as +much scope for staying in a pair as in an eight; more in fact, +for the pair takes the longer to do the same distance as the +eight. The start should be quick, but it is best to keep a stroke +or two per minute in hand for a rush hereafter, if needed, +when the pulse of the enemy has been felt, and when partners +have warmed to their work.</p> + +<p>Pairs are best rowed with oars somewhat smaller all round +than those which are used for eights or fours. The pair, more +than any other craft, requires to be caught sharp and light; +an oar that is not too long in the shank nor too big in the +blade best accomplishes this. ‘Dimensions’ recommended +for ‘work’ in various craft will be found scheduled <a href="#SecRef09">elsewhere</a> +in this volume.</p> + +<p>To conclude the subject of pairs, it may be added, if +partners wish to assimilate, they must make up their minds to +avoid recrimination. If the boat goes amiss say, or assume, +‘it is I,’ not ‘you,’ who is to blame. Keep cool and keep your +head in a race. If the steersman bids ‘easy’ half a stroke, be +prompt in so doing. To delay to right the course at the correct +instant may take the ship lengths out of her course. A stroke +eased in time, like a stitch, often saves nine, and perhaps +obviates sticking in the bank.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig152" id="Fig152"></a> +<img src="images/illo152.png" alt="Three scullers too close together" width="500" height="352" /> +<p class="caption">CLOSE QUARTERS.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER X.</h2> + +<h3>SCULLING.</h3> + +<p>Sculling needs more precision and more watermanship than +rowing. The strongest man only wastes his strength in sculling +if he fails to obtain even work for each hand. A pair-oar +requires more practice to bring it to perfection than any other +boat manned by oars, but a sculler requires considerably more +practice than any pair of oarsmen. Strength he must have in +proportion to his weight, if he is to soar above mediocrity, but +strength alone will not avail him unless he gets his hands well +together.</p> + +<p>His sculls will overlap more or less. It is practically immaterial +which hand he rows uppermost; the upper hand has a +trifle of advantage, and for this reason Oxonians, whose course is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +a left-hand one, usually scull left hand over. The first difficulty +which an embryo sculler has to contend with is that of attaining +uniform pressure with square body and square legs upon a pair +of arms which are not uniformly placed. One arm has to give +way to another to enable the hands to clear each other when +they cross; and yet while they do this the blades which they +control should be buried to a uniform depth. How to attain +this give-and-take action of the arms is better shown by even a +moderate performer in five minutes of practical illustration than +by reams of book instruction.</p> + +<p>The aspirant to sculling honours had better, when commencing +to learn, take his first lesson in a gig. A wager boat +will be too unsteady, and will retard his practice; ‘skiffs’ are +usually to be obtained only as teach boats with work at sixes +and sevens. A dingey buries too much on the stroke, and +spoils style. The beginner should find a stiff pair of sculls, true +made, and overlapping about the width of his hands. He should +ask some proficient to examine and to try his sculls, and to +tell him by the feel whether they are really a pair. The best +makers of oars and sculls too often turn out sculls which are +not ‘pairs,’ and when this is the case the action of him who +uses them cannot be expected to be even on both sides of his +frame. Having got suitable sculls, let the sculler arrange his +stretcher just a shade shorter than he would have it for rowing. +He can clear his knees with a shorter stretcher when sculling +than when rowing, as he can easily see for himself. A stretcher +should always be as short as is compatible with clearing the +knees.</p> + +<p>Whether or not the pupil is proficient in sliding, he had +better keep a fixed seat while learning the rudiments of sculling; +it will give him less to think about; he might unconsciously +contract faults in sliding while fixing his mind elsewhere—in +the direction of his new implements.</p> + +<p>He should see that his rowlocks are roomy. In most gigs +there is a want of room between thowl and stopper. A sculler +requires a wider rowlock than an oarsman, because his scull<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +goes forward to an acuter angle than an oar, with the same +reach of body. Nothing puts out a sculler’s hands more than +a recoil of the scull from the stopper, for want of room to reach +out. The sculler should examine whether his rowlocks are +true; the sills of them should be horizontal, not inclined, and +most of all not inclined from stern to bow; the latter defect +will at once make him scull deep. Next, let him examine his +thowl. This should be clean faced, not ‘grooved’ by the upper +edge of the loom of oars which have been handled by operators +who feather under water, and who thus force at the finish with +the upper edge and not with the flat back of the loom. Half +the hack gigs that are on hire will be found to have rowlocks +so worn, grooved, and disfigured, that not the best sculler in +the world can lay his strength out on them until he has filed +them into shape. The thowl should show a flush surface, and +rake just the smallest trifle aft, so as to hold the blade just a +fraction of an angle less than a rectangle to the water, but this +‘rake’ should be very slight.</p> + +<p>Having now got his tools correct, the workman will have +no excuse for grumbling at them if he fails to do well. Let +him begin by paddling gently and slowly. He had better not +attempt to work hard. If he sees some other sculler shooting +past him in a similar boat, he must sink all jealousy. Every +motion which he makes in a stroke is now laying the foundation +of habit and of mechanical action hereafter; hence he +must give his whole mind to each stroke, and be content to go +to work steadily and carefully. He must feel his feet against +his stretcher, both legs pressing evenly. He must hold his +sculls in his fingers (not his fists), and let the top joint of each +thumb cap the scull. This is better than bringing the thumb +under the scull; it gives the wrists more play, and tends to +avoid cramp of the forearm. He must endeavour to do his +main work with his body and legs, when he has laid hold of +the water. He should keep his arms rigid, and lean well back. +Just as he passes the perpendicular his hands will begin to cross +each other. Whichever hand he prefers to row over, he should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +stick to. When the hands begin to cross, he should still try to +keep the arms stiff, and to clear the way by slightly lowering +one hand and raising the other. Not until his hands have +opened out again after having crossed should he begin to bend +his arms and to bring the stroke home to the chest. He should +try to bend each arm simultaneously and to the same extent, +and to bring each hand up to his breast almost at his ribs, at +equal elevations. He must try to feather both sculls sharply +and simultaneously.</p> + +<p>If he finds any difficulty in this, he will do well to give himself +a private lesson on this point before he proceeds further. +He can sit still and lay his sculls in the rowlocks, and thus +practise turning the wrists sharply, on and off the feather, till +he begins to feel more handy in this motion.</p> + +<p>On the recovery he should shoot his hands out briskly, the +body following but not waiting for the hands to extend—just +as in a ‘rowing’ recovery. When the recovering hands begin +to cross each other the lower and upper must respectively give +way, and so soon as they open out after the cross, they should +once more resume the same plane, and extend equally, so as to +be ready to grip the water simultaneously for the succeeding +stroke.</p> + +<p>Very few scullers realise the great importance of even action +of wrists. If one scull hangs in the water a fraction of a second +more than another, or buries deeper, or skims lighter, the two +hands at that moment are not working evenly. Therefore the +boat is not travelling in a straight line; therefore she will +sooner or later, may be in the latter half of the very same +stroke, have to be brought back to her course. In order to +bring her back, the hand which, earlier, was doing the greater +work, must now do less. Therefore the boat has not only performed +a zigzag during the stroke, but also she has been, while +so meandering, propelled by less than her full available forces, +first one hand falling off through clumsiness, and afterwards +the other hand shutting off some work, in order to equalise +matters.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>As the sculler becomes more used to his action, he will find +his boat keep more even. At first he will be repeatedly putting +more force on one hand than on another, and will have to +rectify his course by counterwork with the neglected hand. +Some scullers, though otherwise good, never steer well. They +do not watch their stern-post, to see if they go evenly at each +stroke; still less, if they see a slight deflection to one hand +after one stroke, do they at once rectify the deviation by extra +pressure on the other hand during the ensuing stroke. A good +steerer in sculling will correct his course even to half a stroke; +if through a bend, or a wave, or other cause, he sees one hand +has taken the other a little round by the time that the sculls +are crossing, he will row the other hand home a trifle sharper, +and so bring the keel straight by the time he feathers. When +a sculler gets more settled to his work, and has got over the +first difficulty of clearing his hands at the crossing, he will +begin to acquire the knack of bringing the boat round to one +hand, without any distinct extra tug of that scull. He will +press a trifle more with the one foot, and will throw a little +more of his weight on to the one scull, and so produce the +desired effect on his boat.</p> + +<p>When a sculler promotes himself to a light boat, he must +be very careful not to lose the knack of even turns of wrists +which he has been so assiduously studying in his tub. In the +wager boat, far more than in the tub, is the action of the +sculler’s body affected and his labour crippled by any uneven +action of either hand. The gig did not roll if one hand went +into the water an infinitesimal fraction of a second sooner, or +came out that much later than the other hand. But the fragile +sculling boat, with no keel, and about thirteen inches of beam, +resents these liberties, and requires ‘sitting’ in addition, whenever +any inequality of work takes her off her balance. The +sculler must especially guard against feathering under water. +He is more tempted to do so now, while he is in an unsteady +boat, than when he was in his sober-going gig. He feels +instinctively that if he lets his blades rest flat on the water for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +the instant, when his stroke concludes, he obtains for the +moment a rectification of balance; the flat blades stop rolling +to either side; when he has thus steadied his craft, then he +can essay to lift his blades and to get forward. If he once +yields to this insidious temptation, he runs the risk of spoiling +himself as a sculler, and of ensuring that he will never rise +beyond mediocrity. The hang back, and the sloppy feather, +which are to be seen in so many second-class scullers, may +almost invariably, if the history of the sculler be known, be +traced to want of nerve and of confidence in early days to +feather boldly, and to lift the sculls sharp from the water, +regardless of rolling. Of course, for the nonce, the sculler can +sit steadier, and therefore make more progress, if he thus +steadies his craft with his blades momentarily flat; and it is +because of this fact that so many beginners are seduced into +the trick. But let the sculler pluck up courage, and endeavour +to imagine himself still afloat in his gig. Let him turn his +wrists as sharply as when he was in her, and lift his blades +boldly out, not even caring if he rolls clean over. There really +is little chance of his so capsizing. If he rolls, his one blade +or other floats in the water, and being strung over at the rowlock, +cannot well let his boat turn over, so long as he holds on +to the handle. Meantime, he must sit tight to his boat, and +use his feet to balance her with his body. He must not try to +row too fast a stroke; a quick stroke hides faults, and speed +tends to keep a light craft on an even keel so long as her crew +are fresh; but style is not learned while oarsmen or scullers +are straining their utmost. If the sculler finds that he really +cannot make progress in his wager boat, he must assume that he +wants another spell of practice in his tub, and must revert again +to her for a week or two, or more. If he will only persevere in +studying even and simultaneous action of hands, he will get his +reward in time.</p> + +<p>He should not be ambitious to race too soon. Many a +young sculler spoils himself by aspiring to junior scullers’ races +before he is ripe for racing. It is a temptation to have a +‘flutter,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>’ +just to see how one gets on, but it is of no use to race unless +the competitor has had some gallops beforehand; and it is in +trying to row a fast stroke before they can thoroughly sit a +boat that so many scullers sow seeds of bad style, which stick +to them long afterwards, and perhaps always. When at last +the sculler has learned to sit his boat, to drop his hands in +simultaneously, to feel an even pressure with both blades, to +see his stern-post hold on true, and not waver from side to side; +when he is able to drop and turn both wrists at the same instant, +to lift both blades clean away from the water, and to +shoot out his hands without fouling either his knees or the +water, then he has mastered more than half the scullers of the +day—even though he can only perform thus for half-a-dozen +strokes at a time without encountering a roll. He can now +lay his weight well on his sculls, and can make his boat travel. +He will have done well if all this time he has abstained from +indulging in a slide; he does not need one as yet, he is not +racing, and the fewer things he has to think about the better +chance he has of being able to devote his attention to acquiring +even hands and a tight seat. Once let him gain these accomplishments, +and he can then take to his slide, and in his first +race go by many an opponent who started sculling long before +him, but who began at once in a wager boat and on a slide.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig158" id="Fig158"></a> +<img src="images/illo158.png" alt="Swimming sculler" width="500" height="246" /> +<p class="caption">A SPILL.</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>A very good amateur sculler—J. E. Parker, winner of the +Wingfield Sculls in 1863—used to say that he always went +back until his sculls came out of the water of their own accord. +As a piece of chaff, it used to be said of him, by his friends, +that there was a greasy patch on his fore canvas, where his +head came in contact with it at the end of his stroke. Of course +this was only a jest, but undoubtedly Parker swung farther +back than most scullers, perhaps more than any amateur. The +secret of his pace, which was indisputable, as also his staying +power, probably lay to a great extent in this long back swing of +his. He also sculled exceedingly cleanly, his hands worked in +perfect unison, and his blades came out clean and sharp. The +writer cannot recall any sculler whose blades were so clean, +save Hanlan and also W. S. Unwin in 1886. Much of the secret +of each of these scullers lay in the evenness of their hands; they +wasted no power. F. Playford, junior, was a more powerful +sculler, and apparently faster than either of the above-named +amateurs (<i>ceteris paribus</i> as to slides, <i>quâ</i> Parker); but taking +his reach and weight into consideration, it is not to be wondered +if Playford was in his day the best of all Wingfield winners. +The late Mr. Casamajor was a great sculler. He also had a +very long back swing, and clean blades. He never had such +tough opponents to beat as had Playford, but at least it could +be said of him that he was unbeaten in public in any race.</p> + +<p>Steerage apparatus is in these days fitted to many a sculling +boat. The writer, as an old stager, is bound to admit that he +had retired from active work before such mechanism was used, +he therefore cannot speak practically as to its value for racing. +So far as he has watched its use by scullers, he is induced to +look upon the contrivance with suspicion. On a stormy day, +with beam wind for a considerable part of the course, such an +appendage will undoubtedly assist a sculler. It will save him +from having an arm almost idle in his lap during heavy squalls. +But on fairly smooth days, or when wind is simply ahead, a +rudder must surely detract more from pace (by reason of the +water which it catches; even when simply on the trail) than it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +ever will save by obviating the operation of rowing a boat round +by the hand to direct her course. Again, the fittings which carry +the rudder must, when the rudder is unshipped, hold a certain +amount of water to the detriment of speed. Also, if a boat is +pressed for a spurt, there must be some risk of the tiller of the +rudder (however delicately made), and the wires which control +it, pulling and drawing the water. When the canvas ducks +under water on recovery, it is important that the water should +run off freely when the boat springs to the stroke. If a post +stands up at the stern, however thin and metallic, this must to +some degree check the flow off of the water. Again, the feet +must be moved to guide this rudder; while they are thus shifting, +the fullest power of the legs can hardly be applied. A +sculler who is in good practice, and who is at home with his +boat and sculls, should be able to feel his boat’s course through +each stroke, and to adjust her at any one stroke if she has +deviated during the preceding one. On the whole, barring circumstances +such as a stiff westerly wind at Henley, or a gale on +the tideway course, scullers will do best without rudders; and +if a competitor desires to provide against the contingency of +weather which will make a rudder advantageous, he had better, +if he can, have a spare boat fitted for that purpose, so that if the +water after all is smooth he will not be carrying any projecting +metal at his stern to draw the water and to check his pace.</p> + +<p>There is another objection to the use of rudders, especially +for young scullers. It tempts them to rely on the rudder to rectify +their course, instead of studying even play of hands so that +the boat may have no excuse for deviating at all in smooth water.</p> + +<p>All that has been said of the use of slides applies equally to +sculling as to rowing. The leg action, as compared to swing, +should be just the same when sculling as in rowing. That is, +the slide should last as long as the swing. Now, in sculling, a +man should go back much further than he does when rowing +an oar. When he has an oar in his hand there is a limit to +the distance to which he can spring back with good effect. His +oar describes an arc; when he has gone back beyond a certain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +distance the butt of his oar-handle will come at the middle of +his breast or even more inside the boat. In such a position he +cannot finish squarely and with good effect. Therefore he cannot +go back <i>ad lib</i>. But the sculler is always placed evenly to +his work, it is not on one side of him more than another. He +should, when laying himself out for pace, swing back so far that +his sculls come out just as his hands touch his ribs. In a wager +boat, when well practised, he can afford to let his sculls overlap +as much as six or even seven inches. But, after all, the extent +of overlap is a matter of taste with so many scullers, that it would +be unwise to lay down any hard and fast rule, beyond saying +that at least the handles should overlap four inches, or, what is +much the same, one hand should at least cover the other when +the sculls lie in the rowlocks at right angles to the keel.</p> + +<p>To return to the slide in sculling. Since the back swing +should be longer in sculling than in rowing, and as there is +a limit to the length which any pair of legs can slide, and since +also it has been laid down as a rule that both when sculling and +when rowing the slide should be economised so that it may +last as long as the swing lasts, the reader will gather that the +legs will have to extend more gradually when sliding to sculls +than when sliding to oars. Therefore a man accustomed to +row on slides, and whose legs are more or less habituated to a +certain extension coupled with swing when rowing, must keep +a watch upon himself when sculling lest his rowing habits should +make him finish his slide prematurely, when he needs to prolong +his swing for sculling. Unless his slide lasts out his swing, +his finish, after legs have been extended, will only press the boat +without propelling her.</p> + +<p>In rowing an oarsman is guilty of fault if he meets or even +pulls up to his oar. In sculling, with a very long swing back +it is not a fault to commence the recovery of the body while +the hands are still completing their journey home to the ribs. +The body should not drop, nor slouch over the sculls while thus +meeting them. It should recover with open chest and head +well up, simply pulling itself up slightly, to start the back swing,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +by the handles of the sculls as they come home for the last +three or four inches of their journey. Casamajor always recovered +then, so did Hanlan, so did Parker, and any sculler +who does likewise will sin (if he does sin in the opinion of +some hypercritics of style) in first-class company. The fact is, +this very long swing back (with straight arms) entails much +recovery, and yet materially adds to pace. The sculler can +afford to ease his recovery in return for the strain of his long +stroke. Also lest his long swing should press the boat’s bows, +he can ease her recovery as well as his own, so soon as the +main force of the long drag comes to an end. In the writer’s +opinion, unless a sculler really does go back <i>à la</i> Casamajor & +Co. with straight arms and stiff back, and until his sculls come +out of the water almost of their own accord as he brings his +hands in, it is not an advantage for him to pull himself up to +his handles to this trifling extent at the finish. A sculler who +does not swing back further than when he is rowing, will do +best to row his sculls home just as he would an oar.</p> + +<p>In racing all men like a lead. If a sculler can take a lead +with his longest stroke, swinging back as far as he can, and can +feel that he is not doing a stroke too fast for his stamina, by all +means let him do so; but let him be careful not to hurry his +stroke and thereby to shorten his back swing simply for the sake +of a lead. Many a long-swing sculler spoils his style, at all +events for the moment, by sprinting and trying to cut his +opponent down. It is almost best for him if he finds that his +opponent has the pace of him, and if he therefore relapses to +his proper style, and bides his time. If he does so, he will go +all the faster over the course for sticking to his style regardless +of momentary lead. Some scullers lay out their work for pace, +regardless of lasting power. When Chambers rowed Green in +1863, he tried to head the Australian, flurried himself, shortened +his giant reach, lost pace, and, after all, lost the lead. When +he realised that, force pace as much as he could, Green was +too speedy, the Tyne man settled to his long sweep, and at +once went all the faster, though now sculling a slower stroke.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> +It was not long before Green began to come back to him, and +the result of that match is history.</p> + +<p>Similarly, the writer recollects seeing the celebrated Casamajor +win the Diamonds for the last time, in 1861. He was +opposed by Messrs. G. R. Cox and E. D. Brickwood. Cox +was a sculler who laid himself out for fast starting: he used +very small blades, he did not swing further back than when +rowing, and he sculled a very rapid stroke. He had led both +Casamajor and H. Kelley in a friendly spin earlier in the year, +and it was said that it was to vindicate his reputation as being +still the best sculler of the day that the old unbeaten amateur +once more entered for the Diamonds, where he knew he would +encounter Cox in earnest, and no longer in play. (Casamajor +was by no means in good health, and the grave closed over +him in the following August.)</p> + +<p>In the race in question Cox darted away with the lead. +Casamajor had hitherto led all opponents in real racing, and +<i>amour propre</i> seemed to prompt him to bid for the lead against +the new flyer; he quickened and quickened his stroke, till his +long swing back vanished, and his boat danced up and down, +but he could not hold Cox. Brickwood was last, rowing his +own style, and sculling longest of the three. After passing the +Farm gate, Casamajor suddenly changed his style, and went +back to his old swing. Maybe, Cox had already begun to +come to the end of his tether; but, be that as it may, from the +instant that Casamajor re-adopted his old swing back, he held +Cox. (It did not look as if the pace was really falling off, for +both the leaders were still drawing away from Brickwood.) In +another minute Casamajor began to draw up to the leader, still +swinging back as before. Then he went ahead, and all was +over. Brickwood in the end rowed down Cox, and came in +a good second. Casamajor at that time edited the ‘Field’ +aquatics. His own description therein of himself in the race +seems to imply that he realised how he had at first thrown away +his speed by bidding for the lead, and that he purposely, and +not unconsciously, changed his style about the end of the first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +minute and a half of the race. His description of his own +sculling at that juncture (modestly penned) was ‘now rowing +longer and with all his power.’ This was quite true—he was +not using his full power until he relapsed to his old style. +These illustrations of two of the best scullers ever seen bidding +for impossible leads, and then realising their mistakes in time, +may be taken to heart by all modern and future aspirants to +sculling honour.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig164" id="Fig164"></a> +<img src="images/illo164.png" alt="Sculling race with piloting eight-oars" width="500" height="359" /> +<p class="caption">SCULLING RACE, WITH PILOTS IN EIGHT-OARS.</p></div> + +<p>Another reason why scullers like a lead is that it saves them +from being ‘washed’ by a leader, and, conversely, enables them +to ‘wash an opponent.’ In old days of boat-racing under the +old code, lead was of importance, to save water being taken. +Under new rules of boat-racing (which figure elsewhere in +this volume), water can only be taken at peril. There is not, +therefore, so much importance in lead as of old. As to +‘wash,’ if a man can sit a sculling boat, he does not care much +for wash. Anyhow, he can, if in his own water, and if his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> +adversary crosses him, steer exactly in his leader’s wake; the +wash then spreads like a swallow’s tail on either side of the +sternmost man, and does not affect him. His opponent must +get out of his way, if not overtaken, so he need not disturb +himself; and if the leader insists on steering to right or left +simply to direct the wash, he loses more ground by this +meandering than even the pursuer will lose by the slight perturbations +of a sculling boat’s wash for a few strokes. It is +good practice for any sculler to take his boat now and then in +the wake of another sculler, and try to ‘bump’ him. It will +teach him how to sit his boat under such circumstances, and +he will be surprised before long to find out how little he cares +for being washed by another sculler.</p> + +<p>A sculler, when practising over a course, especially when +water is smooth, may with advantage time himself from day to +day at various points of the course. He will thus find out what +his best pace is, and will ascertain whether his speed materially +falls off towards the end, if he forces extra pace at the start or +halfway or so on. He must be careful to judge <i>proportionately</i> +of times and distances, and not positively; for streams may +vary, and so may wind.</p> + +<p>On the tideway in sculling matches, it is usual for pilots to +conduct scullers. The pilot sits in the bow of an eight. The +sculler may rely on the pilot to signal to him whether he is +in the required direction; but when he once knows that his +boat points right, he should note where her stern points, just +as if he were steering upon his own resources, and should +endeavour so to regulate his hands that his stern keeps straight, +as shown by some distant landmark which he selects. This +straight line he should then maintain to the best of his ability, +bringing his stern-post back to it, if it deflects, until his pilot +again signals to him to change his course, for rounding some +curve or for clearing some obstacle. The pilot cannot inform +his charge of each small inaccuracy which leads eventually to +deflection from the correct line; this the sculler must provide +against on his own account. It is only when the course has to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +be changed, or when the sculler has palpably gone out of his +course, that the signals of the pilot come into play. Some +scullers seem to make up their minds to leave everything to +their pilots; the result is that their boats are never in a straight +line; first they go astray to one side, and then, when signalled +back, they take a stroll to the other side. Such scullers naturally +handicap themselves greatly by thus losing ground through +these tortuous wanderings. The simplest method of signalling +by pilot is to hold a white handkerchief. In the right or left +hand it means ‘pull right or left,’ respectively. When down, +it means ‘boat straight and keep it so.’ If the pilot gets far +astern, or if dangers are ahead which are beyond pilotage, +taking off the hat means ‘look out for yourself.’</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig166" id="Fig166"></a> +<img src="images/illo166.png" alt="Exhausted sculler" width="500" height="267" /> +<p class="caption">PUMPED OUT.</p></div> + +<p>When wind is abeam, a pilot cutter can materially aid a +sculler by bringing its bow close on his windward quarter, +thereby sheltering his stern from the action of the wind. Races +such as that of Messrs. Lowndes and Payne for the Wingfield +Sculls in 1880, when Mr. Payne did not row his opponent +down until the last mile had well begun, should remind all +scullers that a race is never lost till it is won, and that, however +beaten you may feel, it is possible that your opponent feels +even worse, and that he may show it in the next few strokes.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig167" id="Fig167"></a> +<img src="images/illo167.png" alt="Thames wherry" width="500" height="323" /> +<p class="caption">THE LAST OF THE THAMES WHERRIES.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER XI.</h2> + +<h3>BOAT-BUILDING AND DIMENSIONS.</h3> + +<p>The ‘trim built wherry’ of song has been improved off the face +of the Thames. Originally it was purely a passenger craft: it +contained space for two or more sitters in the stern, and was +fitted for two pair of sculls or a pair of oars at option. Larger +wherries were also built, ‘randan’ rig (for a pair of oars with +a sculler amidships, or three pairs of sculls at option). Such +boats were the passenger craft of the silent highway before +steamers destroyed the watermen’s trade. When match racing +came into vogue, wherries began to be constructed for purely +racing purposes; they had but one seat, for the sculler, and +were carried as fine as they could be, at either end, with regard +to the surf which they often had to encounter. Their beam on +the waterline was reduced to a minimum; but at the same time it +was necessary, for mechanical purposes, that the gunwale, at the +points where the rowlocks were placed, should be of sufficient<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +width to enable the sculler to obtain the necessary leverage and +elevation of his sculls. The gunwale was accordingly flared +out wide at these points, above the waterline. This flared +gunwale had nothing to do with the flotation of the boat; it was +in effect nothing more than a wooden outrigger, and it was this +which eventually suggested to the brain of old Harry Clasper +the idea of constructing an iron outrigger, thereby enabling the +beam to be reduced, and at the same time the sculling leverage +to be preserved without the encumbrance of the top hamper of +these flared gunwales. Such was the old wager wherry, and its +later development of the wager outrigger.</p> + +<p>We have said that the wherry is obsolete. Modern watermen +use, for passenger purposes, a craft called a ‘skiff.’ She +is an improvement on the ‘gig,’ a vessel which came into vogue +on the Thames for amateur pleasure purposes about the year +1830. The ‘gig’ was originally adopted from naval ideas. +She had a flush gunwale, and the rowlocks were placed on the +top of it. So soon as the outrigger came in, oarsmen realised +the advantage to be gained by applying it to the gig, in a modified +form. Half-outrigged gigs became common; they had a +reduced beam, and commanded more speed; they were used +for cruising purposes as well as for racing. Many regattas +offered prizes for pair oars with coxswains in outrigged gigs. +Theoretically a gig was supposed to be ‘clinker’ built, i.e. each +of her timbers were so attached to each other that the lower +edge of each upper timber overlapped the upper edge of the +timber below it, the timbers being ‘clincked,’ hence the name. +‘Carvel’ (or caravel) build is that in which the timbers lie flush +to each other, presenting a smooth surface. This offers less +resistance, and before long builders constructed so-called ‘gigs’ +for racing purposes, which were carvel built. From this it was +but a step to build racing gigs with but two or even one ‘streak’ +only, i.e. the side of the hull, instead of being constructed of +several planks fastened together, was made of one, or at most +two planks. The ends of the vessel were open—uncanvassed, +and in this respect only was there anything in common with a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +‘gig’ proper. This system of stealing advantages by tricks of +build caused gig races to be fruitful sources of squabbles, until +regatta committees recognised the importance of laying down +conditions as to build when advertising their races.</p> + +<p>To return to gigs proper. This craft did not find the same +favour fifty years ago with the professional classes that it did +with amateurs. The wherry was still adhered to for traffic; but +meantime Thames fishermen, especially those who plied flounder +fishery on the upper tideway, used what is called a skiff; a +shorter boat, with as much beam as the largest wherry, a bluff +bow, and flared rowlocks. She was strongly built, adapted to +carry heavy burdens, and, by reason of being shorter, was +easier to turn, and handier for short cruises. A similar class +of boat, but often rougher and more provincial in construction, +was to be found in use at some of the up-river ferries. The +wherry, when once under way, had more speed than the skiff, +but when long row-boat voyages ceased in consequence of the +introduction of steamers, the advantage of the skiff over the +wherry was recognised by watermen. Their jobs came down +to ferrying, to taking passengers on board vessels lying in the +stream, and such like work; and for these services speed was +not so important as handiness in turning.</p> + +<p>During the last fifteen years the skiff build has found more +favour for pleasure purposes than the gig. The outrigged gig +is liable to entanglement of rowlock in locks, and where craft +are crowded, as at regattas. (It would be a salutary matter +if the Thames Conservancy would peremptorily forbid the +presence of any such craft at Henley Regatta.) Inrigged craft +glide off each other when gunwales collide, whereas outriggers +foul rowlocks of other boats, and cause delay and even +accidents. An outrigged gig has two alternative disadvantages, +compared to the skiff build; if she is as narrow at the waterline +as the skiff, her flush gunwale reduces the leverage for oar +or scull. If, on the other hand, she is built to afford full +leverage, this entails more beam on the waterline than in a +skiff, the rowlocks of which are raised and flared above the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +gunwale. Hence it is that the skiff build is gradually superseding +the once universally popular gig.</p> + +<p>A dingey is a short craft, originally designed as a sort of +tender to a yacht, but adopted for pleasure purposes on the +Thames for nearly half a century. It is sometimes built with +a flush gunwale like a gig, but more commonly with flared +rowlocks like a skiff, thereby affording the required leverage +for swells, while at the same time reducing the beam on the +waterline.</p> + +<p>Besides the above mentioned craft, which are designed +to carry at least two oarsmen (or scullers) and a coxswain, +modern boat-builders construct what are called sculling +dingies and gigs, which are fitted with only one pair of +rowlocks, and are intended mainly for occupation by a single +sculler, though they will at a pinch carry sitters both in the +stern sheets and in the bows. They also build sailing gigs +and dingies, which are usually fitted with a ‘centreboard,’ and +are of greater beam than those specially designed for rowing +or sculling; though they can be also propelled by oars or sculls +when required, they are less handy for the latter purposes, +in consequence of their construction for the double duties +of both sailing and oarsmanship. The following are dimensions +commonly adopted by builders, such as Messrs. Salter +of Oxford, for various classes of gigs, dingies, and pleasure +skiffs:—</p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 145-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Length.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Beam.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1">Gig, pair-oared,</td> +<td class="left padr6">inrigged</td> +<td class="center">22 ft.</td> +<td class="center">3 ft. 9 in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">ditto</td> +<td class="left padr6">randan</td> +<td class="center">25 ft.</td> +<td class="center">3 ft. 9 in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left">Skiffs, pair-oared</td> +<td class="center">25 ft.</td> +<td class="center">4 ft. 0 in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">ditto</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">23 ft.</td> +<td class="center">4 ft. 6 in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">ditto</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">20 ft.</td> +<td class="center">5 ft. 0 in.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p>The variations in beam being in such vessels designed conversely +as regards the lengths, in order to obtain approximate +equivalent of displacement—</p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 145-2"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr3">Length.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Beam.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Skiffs, randan</td> +<td class="left padr3">26 ft. to 27 ft.</td> +<td class="left">4 ft. 0 in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr6">ditto</td> +<td class="left">25 ft.</td> +<td class="left">4 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>Where the beam ranges as high as 5 feet the vessel will carry +about four sitters in the stern. The narrower craft carry about +two, sitting abreast in the stern.</p> + +<p>Dingies (inrigged) range from about 12 feet in length with +4 feet beam to 16 feet in length with about 3 ft. 6 in. beam.</p> + +<p>Some dingies are built as short as 9 feet, but they command +but little speed, and are useful only as tenders to larger vessels +for the purpose of going ashore, &c. Their shortness makes +them handy to turn, and compensates in short journeys for their +want of speed.</p> + +<p>The prices of the various builds enumerated above depend +much upon the materials used, whether oak, mahogany, cedar, +or pine; and also upon length of keel, and upon fittings, such as +oars, sculls, cushions, stern-rails, &c., masts and sails. Figures +vary from about 40<i>l.</i> for a best quality randan skiff, all found, +to as low as 20<i>l.</i> for a gig, and 12<i>l.</i> for a dingey, turned out +new from the builder’s yard.</p> + +<p>It is customary to fit all rowing boats such as above described +with a hole in the bow seat, and also in the flooring +below, in order to carry a lug or sprit sail when required; but +the shallow draught of such vessels as are not fitted with centreboards +causes them to make a good deal of leeway and so +disables them from sailing near the wind.</p> + +<p>Racing boats are generally built of cedar, sometimes of +white pine. The history of the introduction of the various +improvements of outriggers, keelless boats, and sliding seats, +has been given in other chapters. We propose here simply to +give a few samples of dimensions of racing boats.</p> + +<p>Various builders have various lines, and no exact fixed scale +can be laid down as correct more than another.</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Dimensions of a sculling-boat<br />recently used by Bubear in a sculling match<br /> +for the ‘Sportsman Challenge Cup,’<br />built by Jack Clasper.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 146"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left">Length</td> +<td class="right padr1">31</td> +<td class="left padr1">ft.</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1">in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left">Width</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="left padr1">ft.</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1">in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left">Depth, </td> +<td class="left padr6">amidships</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="left padr1">ft.</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1">in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left">forward</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="left padr1">ft.</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1">in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="left">sternpost</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="left padr1">ft.</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1">in.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class="center"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span><i>Historical Eight-oars (Keelless).</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 147"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center padr5">Length.</td> +<td class="center padr5">Beam.</td> +<td class="center">Builder.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">1. Oxford boat,<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" +class="fnanchor">[9]</a> 1857</td> +<td class="left padr5">54 ft. 0 in.</td> +<td class="left padr5">2 ft. 2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> in.</td> +<td class="left">Mat Taylor.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padr5">(at No. 3’s rowlock)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">2. Eton, 1863</td> +<td class="left">57 ft. 0 in.</td> +<td class="left">2 ft. 1 in.</td> +<td class="left">Mat Taylor.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padr5">Depth at stern 6 in.</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">3. Radley, 1858</td> +<td class="left">56 ft. 0 in.</td> +<td class="left">2 ft. 0<sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> in.</td> +<td class="left">Sewell, for King.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padr5">Depth at stern 7<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> in.</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">4. Oxford, 1878</td> +<td class="left">57 ft. 0 in.</td> +<td class="left">1 ft. 10 in.</td> +<td class="left">Swaddell & Winship.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padr5">Depth at stern 6 in.</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">5. Oxford, 1883</td> +<td class="left">58 ft. 0 in.</td> +<td class="left">1 ft. 10<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> in.</td> +<td class="left">J. Clasper.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padr5">Depth at stern 6<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> in.</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> The first keelless eight that won a University match.</p></div> + +<p>These boats are selected because each in its turn won +some reputation, and also because they exemplify the builds of +different constructors.</p> + +<p>No. 1 was always highly esteemed by those who rowed in +her.</p> + +<p>No. 2 carried Eton at Henley Regatta from 1863 to 1870 +or 1871.</p> + +<p>No 3 was eulogised by Mr. T. Egan in ‘Bell’s Life,’ on the +occasion of her <i>début</i> in the above-mentioned school match <i>v.</i> +Eton. She retained a high reputation for several seasons, was +once specially borrowed by Corpus (Oxon) during the summer +eights, and was said by that crew to be a vast improvement on +their own ship.</p> + +<p>No 4 carried Oxford from 1878 to 1882 inclusive, losing +only the match in 1879, in which year the crew and not the +boat were to blame.</p> + +<p>No. 5, after one or two trials, was in 1883 found to be faster +than No. 4 (which was then getting old!), and in her the +Oxonians won a rather unexpected victory; odds of 3 to 1 being +laid against them.</p> + +<p>In addition to these builds, the dimensions recorded by the +well-known authority ‘Argonaut,’ in his standard work on ‘Boat +Racing,’ are here given. That writer does not commit himself +to saying that they are the <i>best</i>, but simply states that they +are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +the ‘average dimensions’ of modern racing boats. Unfortunately, +the writer cannot trace the dimensions of the celebrated +‘Chester’ boat, Mat Taylor’s first keelless <i>chef-d’œuvre</i>, but he +recollects that her length was only 54 feet; and her stretchers +were built into her and were fixed.</p> + +<p>The cost of a racing eight, with all fittings, is about 55<i>l.</i> +Some builders will build at as low a price as 50<i>l.</i>, especially +for a crack crew, or for an important race, because the notoriety +of the vessel, if successful, naturally acts as an advertisement. +A four-oar costs 35<i>l.</i> to 40<i>l.</i>; a pair-oar 20<i>l.</i> to 25<i>l.</i>; and +a sculling boat 12<i>l.</i> We have known some builders ask 15<i>l.</i> +for a sculling boat. On the whole, racing boats are from eight +to ten per cent. cheaper nowadays than they were a quarter +of a century ago. Although the introduction of sliding seats +necessarily adds to the expense of making them, competition +seems to have brought down the prices somewhat.</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="SecRef09" id="SecRef09"></a><i>’Argonaut’s’ Dimensions of Modern Boats.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 147"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br bl">Particulars</td> +<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Racing<br />Eight</td> +<td colspan="6" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Racing Fours</td> +<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Pair<br />Oars</td> +<td colspan="3" rowspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Sculling<br />Boats</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">With<br />Cox.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Without<br />Cox.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3" class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">ft.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">in.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">ft.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">in.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">ft.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">in.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">ft.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">in.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">ft.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">in.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Length of boat</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">41</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">40</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">34</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">30</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Breadth (over all)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">2</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> <a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 bl" style="width: 3em;">Depth,</td> +<td class="left"> amidships</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl">„</td> +<td class="left"> stem</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl">„</td> +<td class="left"> stern</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Distance from seat to thowl<a name="FNanchor_11_11" +id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Height of work from level of slide</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Length of slide</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Length of amidship oars</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150 br">{</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Buttoned at</td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Length of bow and stroke oars</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150 br">{</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Buttoned at</td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Length of sculls</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150 br">{</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150 br">{</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Buttoned at</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +<td class="right padr1">2</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr1 bl">Space between cox.’s thwart and stroke’s stretcher<br /> +(cox.’s thwart 18 inches deep)</td> +<td class="fsize150 br">}</td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Breadth on boat, +11<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> inches.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Measured from front edge of slide to plane of thowl.</p></div> + +<p>The writer thinks, and believes that ‘Argonaut’ would +agree with him, that these recorded average dimensions could<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> +be improved upon in divers respects, e.g. as to oars, for sliding +seats the length ‘inboard’ should not be less than 3 ft. 7<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> in. to +3 ft. 8 in.; otherwise, when the oarsman swings back there is +not sufficient length of handle to enable his outside hand to +finish square to his chest, and with the elbow well past the +side. The sliding-seat oar requires to be at least 10 inches +longer inboard than the fixed-seat oar, for the above reason; +and in order to counterpoise this extra leverage, it is customary +to use blades an inch wider for slides than for fixed seats, viz. +6 inches wide at the greatest breadth, instead of 5 inches as +of old.</p> + +<p>Again, as to distance of the plane of the thowl perpendicularly +from that of the front of the slide when full forward. +This should not be less than 6<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> inches, in the writer’s +opinion, even with a 16-inch slide. If the oarsman slides +nearer than the above to his work, he does not gain; for +much of his force is thus expended in jamming the oar back +against the rowlock, rather than in propelling the boat. He +‘feels’ extra resistance, and may accordingly delude himself +that he is doing more work, if the slides close up; but in +reality he is wasting his powers.</p> + +<p>In modern racing boats, the men slide too close to their +work; and if any builder will have the courage to set his men +further aft than is the custom (say about 6<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> to 7 inches), he +will find his ship travel all the faster.</p> + +<p>As to shapes of hull: the earliest Mat Taylor boats have +never been surpassed, in the writer’s opinion, and were much +faster than the modern builds. The peculiarity of Mat Taylor’s +build was that he put his greatest beam well forward, about +No. 3’s middle or seat. Such boats held more ‘way’ than +more modern craft, which are fullest amidships.</p> + +<p>Builders of the present day construct as if the only problem +which they had to solve was to force a hole through the water in +front of the boat. This is not all that is necessary in order to get +a boat to travel well. A racing boat leaves a vacuum behind +her, and until that is filled she is sucked back into that vacuum.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>A +boat built like the half of a split porcupine’s quill could +enter the water with the least resistance, but would leave it with +the greatest; in fact, she would not travel at all, because her +bluff stern would create a sudden vacuum behind her, which +would retard her progress. This is a <i>reductio ad absurdum</i>, +but it shows the effect of having the greatest beam too far aft. +The problem to be solved in designing the lines of a boat is +so to arrange her entry into the water, that what she displaces +in front may with greatest ease flow aft to fill the vacuum aft +which she leaves as she progresses. Otherwise she pushes a +heavy wave in front of her, and drags another behind her. If +anyone will watch the bank as a racing eight passes, noting the +level of the water at a rathole, he will see the level of the stream +first rise as the boat comes nearly abreast of his point of observation. +Then, as she passes, the water will sink, and after +she has passed it will rise again higher than before she neared +the spot.</p> + +<p>The first rise is caused by the boat pushing a wave in front +of her: the following depression is caused by the vacuum which +she is leaving behind her, and the final rise by the wave which +runs behind her to fill her vacuum. Obviously, the less water +the vessel moves the easier she travels. If by any designing +the wave pushed in front could be induced to run more or less +back to the stern, then the second (following) wave would be +more or less reduced in bulk, and the labour would be proportionately +lighter.</p> + +<p>The finer the lines taper aft, the easier the front wave displaced +finds its way to the vacuum aft. <i>Per contra</i>, the more +bluff the midship and stern sections, the greater the difficulty +in filling the vacuum aft.</p> + +<p>Builders hamper themselves by adhering to a red-tape idea +that all oarsmen in a boat should be seated at equal distances +from each other. So long as designers adhere to this, they +require a good deal of beam aft, if Nos. 6, 7 and stroke are of +anything like average size. Of course, there must be a minimum +of space for each man to reach out in; but there is no<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +reason why in some of the seats the space should not exceed +this minimum, e.g. to set the first four men at the minimum, +and then to place No. 5 and extra inch past No. 4 and so on, +with perhaps stroke and 7 1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> inches further apart than the +forward men, would enable the builder to attain a greater +longitudinal displacement at the sternmost part of the boat +than he would otherwise require to carry his men. In lieu of +this gain, he can then reduce his beam and depth aft, and so +make his lines taper more to the stern.</p> + +<p>Mat Taylor built on this principle. Detractors used to +laugh sometimes to see him chalk off his seats, and say, ‘A +rowlock here—a seat there.’ The fact was, Mat Taylor placed +his men, man for man, over the section of vessel built to carry +them, allowing the minimum distance for reach in all cases, but +by no means tying himself down to that distance where in his +opinion the boat required elongating aft. They said he built +by rule of thumb; so, perhaps, he did, but his builds have +never been surpassed. Modern eights travel faster than of old, +thanks to sliding seats and good oarsmanship, but if some of +the old lost lines could be now reproduced, the speedy crews of +modern days would be speedier still.</p> + +<p>We offer one more illustration to show the effect of having +too sudden a termination to a boat aft of her greatest beam, or of +a certain amount of beam. Let anyone construct two models +of racing boat hulls; probably he will not succeed in making +two of equal speed, but such as they are he can handicap the +speedier in his experiment. Let him place the two models to +race, each towed by a line carried over a pulley, with a weight +at the end of the line. The weights which tow the two models +can be adjusted till the two run dead heats.</p> + +<p>Then cut off the stern of one of the models, and bulkhead +her, say about coxswain’s seat, and let them race once more with +the forces which previously produced a dead heat. The model +with a docked stern will have become the smaller vessel, and will +now weigh less. Nevertheless, she will become decidedly slower +than she was before, and will be beaten by her late duplicate.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>In order to do justice to this experiment, the weights should +tow at a pace equivalent to about four miles or more an hour. +It will then be seen that this docked model leaves a whirlpool +behind her stern, which is retarding her. This experiment of +course exaggerates the principle of full afterlines, and their evil, +but it may none the less serve to illustrate the importance of a +finer run aft from a point further forward than amidships. <i>En +passant</i>, the boat built by Salter of Oxford for the O.U.B.C. in +1865 may be mentioned; her dimensions are not to be traced, +but she was specially designed to carry the heaviest man (E. F. +Henley) at bow. She was certainly never surpassed by any +other boat which Salter built. She won in 1865. In 1866 a +heavier crew were in training, and the 1865 boat was supposed +to be too small. She was not tried at all at Oxford with the +crew. A new boat was built, this time to carry E. F. Henley +at 5. When the crew reached Putney the writer felt dissatisfied +with the movement of the new boat, and persuaded the +crew to try the old one, even though she would be rather too +small for them. They sent for her, and launched for a trial +paddle the Monday before the race; so soon as they had rowed +a dozen strokes in her they stopped, and declared she was the +only light boat they had felt that season. They rowed the race +in her, and won, and never took the trouble to set foot again +in the new and rejected boat.</p> + +<p>This victorious boat was then bought by the Oxford +Etonians. They won the Grand Challenge of 1866 and 1867 +in her, took her to Paris, and there won the eight-oared race at +the International Regatta. She was sold and left behind in Paris. +The writer suspects that her undeniable speed was mainly owing +to the fact that Salter designed some extra displacement at +No. 3, in order to carry E. F. Henley at that seat.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig178" id="Fig178"></a> +<img src="images/illo178.png" alt="Romance on the river" width="500" height="444" /> +<p class="caption" style="margin-left: -225px; margin-top: -3em;">‘POETRY.’</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER XII.</h2> + +<h3>TRAINING.</h3> + +<h4>DIET.</h4> + +<p>That ‘condition’ tells in all contests, whether in brain labours +such as chess matches or in athletics, is known to children in +the schoolroom.</p> + +<p>Training is the <i>régime</i> by means of which condition is +attained. Its dogmas are of two orders: (1) Those which +relate to exercise, (2) those which refer to diet. Diet of itself +does not train a man for rowing or any other kind of athletics. +What trains is hard work; proper diet keeps the subject up to +that work.</p> + +<p>The effect of a course of training is twofold. It develops<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +those muscles which are in use for the exercise in question, and +it also prepares the internal organs of heart and lungs for the +extra strain which will be put upon them during the contest. +All muscles tend to develop under exercise, and to dwindle +under inaction. The right shoulder and arm of a nail-maker +are often out of all proportion to the left; the fingers of a +pianist develop activity with practice, or lose it if the instrument +be discontinued.</p> + +<p>Training is a thorough science, and it is much better understood +in these days than when the writer was in active work; +and again, the trainers of his day were in their turn far ahead +of those of the early years of amateur oarsmanship. From the +earliest recorded days of athletic contests, there seems to have +been much faith pinned to beefsteaks. When Socrates rebukes +Thrasymachus, in the opening pages of Plato’s ‘Republic,’ he +speaks of beefsteaks as being the chief subject of interest to +Polydamos, who seems to have been a champion of the P.R. +of Athens of those days. The beefsteak retains its prestige to +the present day, but it is not the <i>ne plus ultra</i> which it was in +1830.</p> + +<p>The earliest amateur crews seem to have rowed in many +instances without undergoing a course of training and of reduction +of fat. But when important matches began to be +made, the value of condition was appreciated. Prizefighters +had then practical training longer than any other branch of +athletics, and it was by no means uncommon for watermen, +when matched by their patrons, to be placed under the supervision +of some mentor from the P.R. as regards their diet and +exercise. But before long watermen began to take care of +themselves in this respect. Their system of training did not +differ materially from that in vogue with the P.R. It consisted +of hard work in thick clothing, early during the course of preparation, +to reduce weight; and a good deal of pedestrian +exercise formed part of the day’s programme; a material result +of the association of the P.R. system of preparation. The diet +was less varied and liberal than in these days, but abstinence<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> +from fluid to as great an extent as possible was from the outset +recognised as all-important for reducing bulk and clearing the +wind.</p> + +<p>A prizefighter or waterman used to commence his training +with a liberal dose of physic. The idea seems to have a stable +origin, analogous to the principle of physic balls for a hunter +on being taken up from grass. The system was not amiss for +men of mature years, who had probably been leading a life of +self-indulgence since the time when they had last been in +training. But when University crews began to put themselves +under the care of professional trainers, those worthies used to +treat these half-grown lads as they would some gin-sodden +senior of forty, and would physic their insides before they set +them to work. They would try to sweat them down to fiddle-strings, +and were not happy unless they could show considerable +reduction of weight in the scale, even with a lad who had not +attained his full growth. Still, though many a young athlete +naturally went amiss under this severe handling, there is no +doubt that these professional trainers used to turn out their +charges in very fine condition, on the average.</p> + +<p>No trainer of horses would work a two-year-old on the +same system that he would an aged horse; and the error of +these old professional trainers lay in their not realising the difference +in age between University men and the ordinary classes +of professional athletes. In time University men began to +think and to act for themselves in the matter of training. +When college eights first began to row against each other, there +were only three or four clubs which manned eights; and these +eights now and then were filled up with a waterman or two. +(In these days few college crews would take an Oxford waterman +as a gift—<i>quâ</i> his oarsmanship!) These crews, when they +began to adopt training, employed watermen as mentors. +Before long there were more eights than watermen, and some +crews could not obtain this assistance. The result was, a rule +against employing professional tuition within a certain date of +the race. This regulation threw University men upon their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +own resources, and before long they came to the conclusion +that good amateur coaching and training was more effective +than that of professionals. Mr. F. Menzies, the late Mr. G. +Hughes, and the Rev. A. Shadwell, had much to do in converting +the O.U.B.C. to these wholesome doctrines. From +that time amateurs of all rowing clubs have very much depended +on themselves and their <i>confrères</i> for tuition in oarsmanship +and training.</p> + +<p>The usual <i>régime</i> of amateur training is now very much to +the following effect.</p> + +<p><a name="SecRef11" id="SecRef11"></a>Réveille at 6.30 or 7 <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>—Generally a brief morning walk; +and if so, the ‘tub’ is usually postponed until the return from +the walk. If it is summer, and there are swimming facilities, +a header or two does no harm, but men should not be allowed +to strike out hard in swimming, when under hard rowing rules. +For some reason, which medical science can better explain, +there seems to be a risk of straining the suspensory or some +other ligaments, when they are suddenly relaxed in water, and +then extended by a jerk. (This refers to arms that have lately +been bearing the strain of rowing.) Also, the soakage in water +for any length of time tends to relax the whole of the muscular +system. Whether tub or swim be the order of the morning, +the skin should be well rubbed down with rough towels after +the immersion. In old days there used to be a <i>furore</i> for running +before breakfast. Many young men find their stomachs +and appetites upset by hard work on an empty stomach, more +especially in sultry weather. The Oxford U.B.C. eight at +Henley in 1857 and 1859 used to go for a run up Remenham +Hill before breakfast, and this within two or three days of the +regatta. Such a system would now be tabooed as unsound.</p> + +<p>Breakfast consists of grilled chops or steaks; cold meat +may be allowed if a man prefers it. If possible, it is well to +let a roast joint cool <i>uncut</i>, to supply cold meat for a crew. The +gravy is thus retained in the meat.</p> + +<p>Bread should be one day old; toast is better than bread. +Many crews allow butter, but as a rule a man is better without<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> +it. It adds a trifle to adipose deposit, and does not do any +special service towards strengthening his tissues or purifying +his blood.</p> + +<p>Some green meat at breakfast is a good thing. Watercress +for choice—next best are small salad and lettuce (plain).</p> + +<p>Tea is the recognised beverage; two cups are ample for a +man. If he can dispense with sugar it will save him some +ounces of fat, if he is at all of a flesh-forming habit of body. +A boiled egg is often allowed, to wind up the repast.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig182" id="Fig182"></a> +<img src="images/illo182.png" alt="Crew weighing" width="500" height="379" /> +<p class="caption">GOING TO SCALE.</p></div> + +<p>Luncheon depends, as to its substance, very much upon the +time of year and the hours of exercise. If the work can be +done in two sections, forenoon and afternoon, all the better. +In hot summer weather it may be too sultry to take men out +between breakfast and the mid-day meal. Luncheon now +usually consists of cold meat, to a reasonable amount, stale +bread, green meat, and a glass of ale. In the days when the +writer was at Oxford, the rule of the O.U.B.C. was to allow no +meat at luncheon (only bread, butter, and watercress). This<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +was a mistake; young men, daily wasting a large amount of +tissue under hard work, had a natural craving for substantial +food to supply the hiatus in the system. By being docked of it +at luncheon, they gorged all the more at breakfast and dinner, +where there was no limit as to quantity (of solids) to be consumed. +They would have done better had their supply of +animal food been divided into three instead of two daily allowances. +They used to be allowed one slice of cold meat during +their nine days’ stay at Putney; it would have been well to +have allowed this all through training.</p> + +<p>Dinner consists mainly of roast beef or mutton, or choice +of both. It is the custom to allow ‘luxuries’ of some sort +every other day, e.g. fish one day, and a course of roast +poultry (chicken) on another. ‘Pudding’ is sometimes allowed +daily, sometimes it only appears in its turn with ‘luxuries.’ +It generally consists of stewed fruit, with plain boiled +rice, or else calves’-foot jelly. A crust, or biscuit, with a little +butter and some watercress or lettuce, make a final course +before the cloth is cleared.</p> + +<p>Drink is ale, for a standard; light claret, with water, is +nowadays allowed for choice, and no harm in it. A pint is the +normal measure; sometimes an extra half-pint may be conceded +on thirsty days.</p> + +<p>An orange and biscuit for dessert usually follow. In the +writer’s days every man had two glasses of port wine. He +thinks this was perhaps more than was required (as regards +alcohol); one glass may suffice, but there may be no reason +against the second wineglass being conceded, with water substituted, +if the patient is really dry. Claret also may take the place +of port after dinner. Fashions change; in the writer’s active +days, claret would have been scorned as un-English for athletes.</p> + +<p>Such is the usual nature of training diet; of the exercise +of the day, more anon. There does not seem to be much +fault to find with the <i>régime</i> above sketched; in fact, the proof +of soundness of the diet may be seen in the good condition +usually displayed by those who adopt it.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>All the same, the writer, when he has trained crews, has +slightly modified the above in a few details. He has allowed +(a little) fish or poultry daily, as an extra course, and for the +same reason has always endeavoured to have both beef and +mutton on the table. He believes that change of dish aids +appetite, so long as the varieties of food do not clash in digestion. +Men become tired with a monotony of food, however +wholesome. Puddings the writer does not think much of, +provided that other varieties of dish can be obtained. A certain +amount of vegetable food is necessary to blend with the +animal food, else boils are likely to break out; but green +vegetables such as are in season are far better than puddings +for this purpose. Salad, daily <i>with the joint</i>, will do good. It +is unusual to see it, that is all. The salad should not be +dressed. Lettuce, endive, watercress, smallcress, beetroot, and +some minced spring onions to flavour the whole, make a passable +dish, which a hungry athlete will much relish. Asparagus, +spinach, and French beans may be supplied when obtainable. +Green peas are not so good, and broad beans worse. The +tops of young nettles, when emerald green, make a capital dish, +like spinach, rather more tasty than the latter vegetable. Such +nettles can only be picked when they first shoot; old nettles +are as bad as flowered asparagus.</p> + +<p>If a crew train in the fruit season, fruit to a small amount +will not harm them, as a finale to either breakfast or dinner. +But the fruit should be <i>very</i> fresh, not bruised nor decomposed; +strawberries, gooseberries, grapes, peaches, nectarines, apricots +(say one of the last three, or a dozen of the smaller fruits, for +a man’s allowance), all are admissible. Not so melons, nor +pines—so medical friends assert.</p> + +<p>In hot summer weather it is as well to dine about 2 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span>, +to row in the cool of the evening, towards 7 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span>, and to sup +about 8.30 or 9 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span> It is a mistake to assume that because +a regatta will come off midday, therefore those who train for +it should accustom themselves to a burning sun for practice. +With all due deference to Herodotus (who avers that the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +skeleton skulls of quondam combatant Persians and Egyptians +could be known apart on the battle-field, because the turban-clad +heads of Persians produced soft skulls which crumbled to +a kick, while the sun-baked heads of Egyptians were hard as +bricks), we do not believe in this sort of acclimatisation. +If men have to be trained to row a midnight race, they would +be best prepared for it by working at their ordinary daylight +hours, not by turning night into day for weeks beforehand. +On the same principle it would seem to be a mistake to expose +oarsmen in practice to excessive heat to which they have not +been accustomed, solely because they are likely eventually to +row their race under a similar sun. In really oppressive weather +at Henley the writer and his crews used to dine about 2 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span> +as aforesaid, finish supper at 9 or 9.30, and go to bed two +hours later. They rose proportionately later next day, taking +a good nine hours in bed before they turned out. So far as +their records read, those crews do not seem on the whole to +have suffered in condition by this system of training.</p> + +<p>Many men are parched with thirst at night. The heat of +the stomach, rather overladen with food, tends to this. The +waste of the system has been abnormal during the day; the +appetite, i.e. instinct to replenish the waste, has also been +abnormal, and yet the capacity of the stomach is only normal. +Hence the stomach finds it hard work to keep pace with the +demands upon it. Next morning these men feel ‘coppered,’ +as if they had drunk too much overnight, and yet it is needless +to say they have not in any way exceeded the moderate scale +of alcohol already propounded above as being customary.</p> + +<p>The best preventive of this tendency to fevered mouths is +a cup of ‘water gruel,’ or even a small slop-basin of it, the last +thing before bedtime. It should not contain any milk; millet +seed and oatmeal grits are best for its composition. The consumption +of this light supper should be <i>compulsory</i>, whether it +suits palates or not. The effect of it is very striking; it seems +to soothe and promote digestion, and to allay thirst more than +three times its amount of water would do. Some few men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +cannot, or profess to be unable to, stomach this gruel. The +writer has had to deal with one or two such in his time. He +had his doubts whether their stomach or their whims were +to blame; but in such cases he gave way, and allowed a cup +of chocolate instead—<i>without milk</i>. (Milk blends badly with +meat and wine at the end of a hard day.) Chocolate is rather +more fattening than gruel, otherwise it answers the same purpose, +of checking any disposition to ‘coppers.’</p> + +<p>It has been a time-honoured maxim with all trainers, that +it is the fluids which lay on fat and which spoil the wind. +Accordingly, reduction in the consumption of fluid has always +been one of the first principles of training, and it is a sound +one so long as it is not carried to excess. It is not at the outset +of training that thirst so oppresses the patient, but at the +end of the first week and afterwards, especially when temperature +rises and days are sultry. Vinegar over greens at dinner +tends to allay thirst; the use of pepper rather promotes it. In +time the oarsman begins to accustom himself somewhat to his +diminished allowance of fluid, and he learns to economise it +during his meals, to wash down his solids.</p> + +<p>A coach should be reasonably firm in resisting unnecessary +petitions for extra fluid, but he must exercise discretion, and +need not be always obdurate. On this subject the writer reproduces +his opinion as expressed in ‘Oars and Sculls’ in 1873:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The tendency to ‘coppers’ in training is no proof of insobriety. +The whole system of training is unnatural to the body. It is an +excess of nature. Regular exercise and plain food are not in themselves +unnatural, but the amount of each taken by the subject in +training is what is unnatural. The wear and tear of tissue is more +than would go on at ordinary times, and consequently the body +requires more commissariat than usual to replenish the system. +The stomach has all its work cut out to supply the commissariat, +and leave the tendency to indigestion and heat in the stomach. A +cup of gruel seldom fails to set this to rights, and a glass of water +besides may also be allowed if the coach is satisfied that a complaint +of thirst is genuine. There is no greater folly than stinting +a man in his liquid. He should not be allowed to blow himself out<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +with drink, taking up the room of good solid food; but to go to the +other extreme, and to spoil his appetite for want of an extra half-pint +at dinner, or a glass of water at bedtime, is a relic of barbarism. +The appetite is generally greatest about the end of the first week +of training. By that time the frame has got sufficiently into trim +to stand long spells of work at not too rapid a pace. The stomach +has begun to accustom itself to the extra demands put upon it, +and as at this time the daily waste and loss of flesh is greater than +later on, when there is less flesh to lose, so the natural craving to +replenish the waste of the day is greater than at a later period. +At this time the thirst is great, and though drinking out of hours +should be forbidden, yet the appetite should not, for reasons +previously stated, be suffered to grow stale for want of sufficient +liquid at meal times in proportion to the solids consumed.</p></div> + +<p>Such views would have been reckoned scandalously heretical +twenty-five or more years ago, but the writer feels that he is +unorthodox in good company, and is glad to find Mr. E. D. +Brickwood, in his treatise on ‘Boat-racing,’ 1875, laying down +his own experiences on the same subject to just the same effect. +Mr. Brickwood’s remarks on the subject of ‘thirst’ (as per his +index) may be studied with advantage by modern trainers. He +says (page 201):—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>As hunger is the warning voice of nature telling us that our +bodies are in need of a fresh supply of food, so thirst is the same +voice warning us that a fresh supply of liquid is required. Thirst, +then, being, like hunger, a natural demand, may safely be gratified, +and with water in preference to any other fluid. The prohibition +often put upon the use of water or fluid in training may often be +carried too far. To limit a man to a pint or two of liquid per day, +when his system is throwing off three or four times that quantity +through the medium of the ordinary secretions, is as unreasonable +as to keep him on half-rations. The general thirst experienced by +the whole system, consequent upon great bodily exertion or extreme +external heat, has but one means of cure—drink, in the simplest +form attainable. Local thirst, usually limited to the mucous linings, +of the mouth and throat, may be allayed by rinsing the mouth and +gargling the throat, sucking the stone of stone fruit, or a pebble, +by which to excite the glands in the affected part, or even by +dipping the hands into cold water. Fruit is here of very little<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> +benefit, as the fluid passes at once to the stomach, and affords +no relief to the parts affected; but after rinsing the mouth, +small quantities may be swallowed slowly. The field for the +selection of food to meet the waste of the body under any condition +of physical exertions is by no means restricted. All that +the exceptional requirements of training call for is to make a +judicious selection; but, in recognising this principle, rowing men +have formed a dietary composed almost wholly of restrictions the +effect of which has been to produce a sameness in diet which has +almost been as injurious in some cases as the entire absence of +any laws would be in others.</p></div> + +<p>It should be borne in mind that Mr. Brickwood’s field as an +amateur lay principally in sculling, which entailed solitary training, +unlike that of a member of an eight or four. He had +therefore to train himself, and to trust to his own judgment +when so doing, blending self-denial with discretion. He is, in +the above quotation, apparently speaking of the principles under +which he governed himself when training. That they were +crowned with good success his record as an athlete shows, for +he twice won the Diamond Sculls, and also held the Wingfield +(amateur championship) in 1861. Such testimony therefore is +the more valuable coming from a successful and self-trained +sculler.</p> + +<p>As regards sleep, the writer lays great stress upon obtaining +a good amount of it. Even if a night is sultry, and sleep does +not come easily, still the oarsman can gain something by mere +physical repose, though his brain may now and then not obtain +rest so speedily as he could wish. The adage ascribed to King +George III. as to hours of sleep, ‘six for a man, seven for a +woman, and eight for a fool,’ is unsound. He who is credited +with having propounded it, showed in his later years that, either +his brain had suffered from deficiency of rest, or that it never +had been sufficiently brilliant to justify much attention being +bestowed on his philosophy. Probably he never did a really +hard day’s (still less a week’s) labour, of either brain or body, +in his life. Had he done so, he would have found that not six, +nor seven, and often not eight hours, are too much to enable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span> +the wasted tissues of brain or body, or both, to recuperate. It +is when in a state of repose that the blood, newly made from +the latest meal, courses through the system and replenishes +what has been wasted during the day. Recruits are never +measured for the standard at the end of a day’s march, but +next day—after a good rest. Cartilage, sinew, muscle, alike +waste. The writer used, after racing the Henley course, perhaps +thrice in an evening’s practice (twice in a four or eight and +afterwards in a pair-oar or sculling boat, &c), to take a good +nine hours’ sound sleep, and awoke all the better for it. Some +men keep on growing to a comparatively late age in life; such +men require more sleep, while thus increasing in size, than +others who have earlier attained full bulk and maturity. As a +rule, and regardless of what many other trainers may say to the +contrary, the writer believes that the majority of men in training +may sleep nine hours with advantage.</p> + +<p>The period of training varies according to circumstances. +A man of twenty-five and upwards, who has been lying by for +months, it may be for a year or two, can do with three months +of it. The first half should be less severe than the last. He +can begin with steady work, to redevelop his muscles, and to +reduce his bulk (if he is much over weight) by degrees. The +last six weeks should be ‘strict’ in every sense. He can get +into ‘hunting’ condition in the first six weeks, and progress to +‘racing’ condition in the succeeding six.</p> + +<p>University crews train from five to six weeks. The men +are young, and have, most of them, been in good exercise some +time before strict training begins.</p> + +<p>College crews cannot give much more than three weeks to +train for the summer bumping races; tideway crews have been +doing a certain amount of work for weeks before they go into +strict training for Henley; this last stage usually lasts about +four weeks.</p> + +<p>It is often supposed that a man needs less training for a +short than for a long course. This is a mistake. The longer +he prepares himself, so long as he does not overdo himself, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +better he will be. Long and gradual training is better than short +and severe reductions. Over a long course, when an untrained +man once finds nature fail him, more ground will be lost than +over a short course: <i>cela va sans dire</i>: but that is no argument +against being thoroughly fit for even a half-mile row. The +shorter the course, the higher the pressure of pace, and the crew +that cracks first for want of condition—loses (<i>ceteris paribus</i>).</p> + +<p>Athletes of the running path will agree that it is as important +to train a man thoroughly for a quarter-mile race as for +a three-mile struggle. Pace kills, and it is condition which +enables the athlete to endure the pace.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig190" id="Fig190"></a> +<img src="images/illo190.png" alt="Rower refusing a smoke" width="500" height="368" /> +<p class="caption">SMOKING IS FORBIDDEN.</p></div> + +<p>Smoking is, as every schoolboy knows, forbidden in training. +However, <i>pro formâ</i>, the fact must be recorded that it is illicit. +It spoils the freedom of the lungs, which should be as elastic +as possible, in order to enable them to oxygenate properly the +extra amount of blood which circulates under violent exertions.</p> + +<p>Aperients at the commencement of training used to be <i>de</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +<i>rigueur</i>. Young men of active habits hardly need them. Anyhow, +no trainer should attempt to administer them on his own +account; if he thinks the men need physic at the outset, let +him call in a medical man to prescribe for them.</p> + +<h4>WORK.</h4> + +<p>We have said that proper diet keeps an oarsman up to the +work which is necessary to bring him into good condition. Having +detailed the <i>régime</i> of diet, and its appurtenances, such as +sleep, we may now deal with the system of work itself.</p> + +<p>One item of work we have incidentally dealt with, to wit, the +<a href="#SecRef11">morning walk</a>; but it was necessary to handle this detail at that +stage because it had a reference to the morning tub and morning +meal.</p> + +<p>The work which is set for a crew should be guided by the +distance of time from the race. If possible, oarsmen should +have their work lightened somewhat towards the close of training, +and it is best to get over the heavy work, which is designed +to reduce weight as well as to clear the wind, at a comparatively +early stage of the training.</p> + +<p>There is also another factor to be taken into calculation by +the trainer, and that is whether, at the time when sharp work is +necessary to produce condition, his crew are sufficiently advanced +as oarsmen to justify him in setting them to perform +that work at a fast stroke in the boat. Not all crews require to +be worked upon the same system, irrespective of the question +of stamina and health.</p> + +<p>Suppose a crew are backward as oarsmen and also behindhand +in condition. If such a crew are set to row a fast stroke +in order to blow themselves and to accustom their vascular +system to high pressure, their style may be damaged. If on +the other hand they do no work except rowing at a slow stroke +until within a few days of the race, they will come to the post +short of condition. Such a crew should be kept at a slow stroke +in the boat, in order to enable them to learn style, for a fortnight +or so; but meantime the trainer should put them through some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +sharp work upon their legs. He should set them to run a mile +or so after the day’s rowing. This will get off flesh, and will +clear the wind, and meantime style can be studied in the boat. +Long rows without an easy are a mistake for backward men who +are also short of work. When the pupil gets blown at the end +of a few minutes he relapses +into his old faults, +and makes his last state +worse than the first.</p> + +<div class="wrapleftout" style="width: 289px; height: 108px;"> +<a name="Fig192" id="Fig192"></a> +<img src="images/illo192a.png" alt="Top illustration 192" width="289" height="108" /> +</div> + +<div class="wrapleftout" style="width: 500px; height: 233px;"> +<img src="images/illo192b.png" alt="Middle-left illustration 192" width="500" height="233" /> +</div> + +<div class="wrapleftout" style="width: 314px; height: 127px; padding-bottom: 2em;"> +<img src="images/illo192c.png" alt="Bottom illustration 192" width="314" height="127" /> +<p class="caption">‘RUN A MILE OR TWO.’</p> +</div> + +<p>Training not only gets +off superfluous flesh, +but also lays on muscle. +The sooner the fat is +off the sooner does the +muscle lay on. The +commissariat feeds the +newly developing muscles +better if there is no tax upon it to replenish the fat as well. +For this reason, apart from the importance of clearing the wind, +heavy work should come early in training. When a crew who +have been considerably reduced in weight early in their course +of training, feed up towards the last, and gain in weight, it is a +good sign, and shows that their labours have been judiciously<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> +adjusted; the weight which they pick up at the close of training +is new muscle replacing the discarded fat.</p> + +<p>In training college eights for summer races there is not +scope for training on the above system. The time is too short, +some of the men are already half-fit, and have been in work of +some sort or other during the spring; while one or two of them +may have been lying idle for a twelvemonth. In such cases a +captain must use his own discretion; he can set his grosser men +to do some running while he confines those who are fitter to +work only in the ship. As a rule, however, unless men have no +surplus flesh to take off, all oarsmen are the better for a little +running at the end of the day during the early part of training. +It prepares their wind for the time when a quick stroke will be +required of them. A crew who have been rowing a slow stroke +and who have meantime been improved in condition by running, +will take to the quick stroke later on more kindly than a +ditto class crew who have done no running, and whose condition +has been obtained only by rowing exercise. The latter +crew have been rowing all abroad while short of wind, and have +thereby not corrected, and probably have contracted, faults. +The former crew will have had better opportunities of improving +their style, will be more like machinery, and will be less blown +when they are at last asked to gallop in the boat.</p> + +<p>For the first few days it will be well to row an untrained +crew over easy half-miles. A long day’s work in the boat will +not harm them: on the contrary, it will tend to shake them +together; tired men can row well as to style, but men out of +breath cannot row. At the end of a week or so, the men can +cover a mile at a hard slow grind without an easy. If there is +plenty of time, i.e. some five weeks of training, a good deal of +paddling can be done, alternating with hard rowing at a slow +stroke. If there are only three weeks to train, and men are +gross, much paddling cannot be spared. If again time is short +and men have already been in work for other races, and do not +want much if any reduction in weight, then a good deal of the +day’s work may be done at a paddle.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>Thirty strokes a minute is plenty for slow rowing. Some +strokes, though good to race behind, have a difficulty in rowing +slow; especially after having had a spell at a fast stroke. It is +important to inculcate upon the stroke that thirty a minute +should be his ‘walking’ pace, and should always be maintained +except when he is set to do a course, or a part of one, or to +row a start. When once he is told to do something like racing +over a distance, he must calculate his stroke to orders, whether +thirty-two, -four, -six, -eight, &c. But when the ‘gallop’ is +over, then the normal ‘thirty’ should resume. It is during the +‘off’ work, when rowing or paddling to or from a course, that +there is most scope for coaching, and faults are best cured at a +slow stroke.</p> + +<p>In training for a short course, such as Henley and college +races, a crew may be taken twice each day backwards and forwards +over the distance; the first time at thirty a minute each +way, the second time at the ‘set’ pace of the day, over the +course, relapsing into the usual ‘thirty’ on the reverse journey. +The ‘set’ stroke depends on the stage of training. A fortnight +before the race the crew may begin to cover the course, on the +second journey, at about thirty-one a minute. A stroke a day +can be added to this, until racing pace is reached. If men +seem stale, an off-day should be given at light work. Meantime, +each day, attention should be paid to ‘starting,’ so that +all may learn to get hold of the first stroke well together. In +order to accustom the men to a quicker stroke and to getting +forward faster, a few strokes may be rowed, in each start, at a +pace somewhat in advance of the rate of stroke set for the day’s +grind over the course. A couple such starts as this per diem +benefit both crew and coach. The crew begin to feel what a +faster stroke will be like, without being called upon to perform +it over the whole distance before they are fit to go; the coach +will be able to observe each man’s work at the faster stroke. +Many a green oarsman looks promising while the stroke is +slow, but becomes all abroad when called upon to row fast. +It is best to have some insight to these possible failings early in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> +training, else it may be too late to remedy them or to change +the man on the eve of battle.</p> + +<p>Towards the close of training the crew should do their level +best once or twice over the course, to accustom them to being +rowed out, and to give them confidence in their recuperative +powers; also to enable the stroke to feel the power of his crew, +and to form an opinion as to how much he can ask them to do +in the race. The day before the racing begins, work should be +light.</p> + +<p>In bumping races, if a college has no immediate fear of foes +from the rear, it is well not to bring men too fine to the post; +else, though they may do well enough for the first day or two, +they may work stale or lose power before the end of the six +days of the contest. It is better that a crew should row itself +into condition than out of it. In training for long-distance +racing, it is customary to make about every alternate day a light +one, of about the same work as for college racing. The other +days are long-course days of long grinds, to get men together, +and to reduce weight. When men have settled to a light boat, +and have begun to row courses against time, and especially +when they reach Putney water, two long courses in each week are +about enough. Many crews do not do even so much as this. As +a rule a crew are better for not being taken for more than ten or +eleven minutes of hard, uninterrupted racing, within three days +of the race. A long course wastes much tissue, and it takes a +day or two to feed up what they have wasted. Nevertheless, +crews have been known to do long courses within 48 hours of +a Putney match, and to win withal: e.g. the Oxonians of 1883, +who came racing pace from Barnes to Putney two days before +the race, and ‘beat record’ over that stretch of water.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig196" id="Fig196"></a> +<img src="images/illo196.png" alt="Before the start of a bumping race" width="500" height="336" /> +<p class="caption">BUMPING RACE—WAITING FOR THE GUN.</p></div> + +<p>Strokes and coaches do a crew much harm if they are jealous +of ‘times’ prematurely in practice. Suppose an opponent does +a fast time, there is no need to go to the starting point and +endeavour to eclipse time. Possibly his rapid time has been +accomplished by dint of a prematurely rapid stroke, while the +pace of our own boat, with regard to the rate of stroke employed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> +discloses promise of better pace than our opponents, +when racing shall arrive in real earnest. Now if we, for jealousy, +take our own men at a gallop before they are ripe for it, we run +great risk of injuring their style, and of throwing them back +instead of improving them. After the day’s race, the body +should be well washed in tepid water, and rubbed dry with +rough towels. It is a good thing for an oarsman to keep a +toothbrush in his dressing-room. He will find it a great relief +against thirst to wash his mouth out with it when dressing, +more especially so if he also uses a little tincture of myrrh.</p> + +<p>One ‘odd man’ is of great service to training, even if he +cannot spare time to row in the actual race. Many a man in a +crew is the better for a day’s, or half a day’s, rest now and then. +Yet his gain is loss of practice to the rest, unless a stop-gap +can be found to keep the machinery going. The berth of +ninth man in a University eight often leads to promotion to the +full colours in a following season, as U.B.C. records can show.</p> + +<p>With college eights there used to be a <i>furore</i>, some twenty +years ago, for taking them over the long course in a gig eight. +These martyrs, half fit, were made to row the regulation long +course, from ‘first gate’ to lasher, or at least to Nuneham railway +bridge, at a hard and without an easy. The idea was to +‘shake them together.’ The latter desideratum could have +been attained just as well by taking them to the lasher and back +again, but allowing them to be eased once in each mile or so. +Many crews that adopted the process met with undoubted success, +but we fancy that their success would have been greater +had their long row been judiciously broken by rest every five +minutes. To behold a half-trained college eight labouring past +Nuneham, at the end of some fifteen minutes of toil, jealous to +beat the time of some rival crew, used to be a pitiable sight. +More crews were marred than made by this fanaticism.</p> + +<p>On the morning of a race it is a good thing to send a crew +to run sprints of seventy or eighty yards, twice. This clears the +wind greatly for the rest of the day, without taking any appreciable +strength out of the man. A crew thus ‘aired’ do not so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> +much feel the severity of a sharp start in the subsequent race, +and they gain their second wind much sooner.</p> + +<p>The meal before a race should be a light one, comparatively: +something that can be digested very easily. Mutton is digested +sooner than beef. H. Kelley used to swear by a wing of boiled +chicken (without sauce) before a race. The fluid should be +kept as low as possible just before a race; and there should be +about three hours between the last meal and the start. A preliminary +canter in the boat is advisable; it tests all oars and +stretchers, and warms up the muscles. Even when men are +rowing a second or third race in the day, they should not be +chary of extending themselves for a few strokes on the way to +the post. Muscles stiffen after a second race, and are all the +better for being warmed up a trifle before they are again placed +on the rack.</p> + +<p>Between races a little food may be taken, even if there is +only an hour to spare: biscuit soaked in port wine stays the +stomach; and if there is more than an hour cold mutton and +stale bread (no butter), to the extent of a couple of sandwiches +or more (according to time for digestion), will be of service. +Such a meal may be washed down with a little cold tea and +brandy. The tea deadens the pain of stiffened muscles; the +brandy helps to keep the pulse up. If young hands are fidgetty +and nervous, a little brandy and water may be given them; or +brandy and tea, not exceeding a wine-glass, rather more tea +than brandy. The writer used often to pick up his crew thus, +and was sometimes laughed at for it in old days. He is relieved +to find no less an authority than Mr. E. D. Brickwood, on page +219 of ‘Boat-racing,’ holding the same view as himself, and +commending the same system of ‘pick-me-up.’</p> + +<h4>AILMENTS.</h4> + +<p>A rowing man seems somehow to be heir to nearly as many +ailments as a racehorse. Except that he does not turn ‘roarer,’ +and that there is no such hereditary taint in rowing clubs, he +may almost be likened to a Derby favourite.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span><i>Boils</i> are one of the most common afflictions. They used +to be seen more frequently in the writer’s days than now. The +modern recognition of the importance of a due proportion of +vegetable food blended with the animal food has tended to reduce +the proportion of oarsmen annually laid up by this complaint. +A man is not carnivorous purely, but omnivorous, like +a pig or a bear. If he gorges too much animal food meat, he +disorders his blood, and his blood seeks to throw off its humours. +If there is a sore anywhere on the frame at the time, the blood +will select this as a safety valve, and will raise a fester there. +If there is no such existing safety valve, the blood soon broaches +a volcano of its own, and has an unpleasant habit of selecting +most inconvenient sites for these eruptions. Where there is +most wear and tear going on to the cuticle is a likely spot for +the volcano to open, and nature in this respect is prone to +favour the seat of honour more than any other portions of the +frame. Next in fashion, perhaps, comes the neck; the friction +of a comforter when the neck is dripping with perspiration tends +often to make the skin of the neck tender and to induce +a boil to break out there. A blistered hand is not unlikely to +be selected as the scene of outbreak, or a shoulder chafed by a +wet jersey.</p> + +<p>A crew should be under strict orders to report <i>all</i> ailments, +if only a blister, <i>instantly</i> to the coach. It is better to leave +<i>no</i> discretion in this matter to the oarsman, even at the risk +of troubling the mentor with trifles. If a man is once allowed +to decide for himself whether he will report some petty +and incipient ailment, he is likely to try to hush it up lest +it should militate against his coach’s selection of him; the +effect of this is that mischief which might otherwise have been +checked in the bud, is allowed to assume dangerous proportions +for want of a stitch in time. An oarsman should be impressed +that nothing is more likely to militate against his dream +of being selected than disobedience to this or any other +standing order. The smallest pimple should be shown forthwith +to the coach, the slightest hoarseness or tendency to snuffle<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +reported; any tenderness of joint or sinew instantly made +known.</p> + +<p>To return to boils. If a boil is observed in the pimple +stage, it may be scotched and killed. Painting it with iodine +will drive it away, in the writer’s experience. ‘Stonehenge’ +advises a wash of nitrate of silver, of fifteen to twenty grains to +the ounce, to be painted over the spot. Mr. Brickwood also, +while quoting ‘Stonehenge’ on this point, recommends bathing +with bay salt and water.</p> + +<p>Anyhow, these external means of repression do not of themselves +suffice. They only bung up the volcano; the best step is +to cure the blood, otherwise it will break out somewhere else. +The writer’s favourite remedy is a dose of syrup of iodide of +iron; one teaspoonful in a wineglass of water, just before or after +a meal, is about the best thing. A second dose of half the +amount may be taken twenty-four hours later. This medicine +is rather constipating; a slight aperient, if only a dose of Carlsbad +salts before breakfast or a seidlitz powder, may be taken to +counteract it in this respect. It is a strong but prompt remedy; +anything is better than to have a member of a crew eventually +unable to sit down for a week or so! An extra glass of port +after dinner, <i>and plenty of green food</i>, will help to rectify the disordered +blood.</p> + +<p>Another good internal remedy is brewer’s yeast, a tablespoonful +twice a day after meals. Watermen swear by this, and +Mr. Brickwood personally recommends it.</p> + +<p>If care is taken a boil can be thus nipped in the bud (figuratively); +to do this <i>literally</i> is the very worst thing. Some +people pinch off the head of a small boil. This only adds fuel +to the fire. If a boil has become large, red, and angry before +any remedies are applied, it is too late to drive it in, and the +next best thing is to coax it out. This is done with strong +linseed poultices. A doctor should be called in, and be persuaded +to lance it, to the core, and to squeeze it, so soon as he +judges it to be well filled with pus.</p> + +<p><i>Raws</i> used to be more common twenty-five years ago than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +now: boat cushions had much to do with them. Few oarsmen +in these days use cushions. Raws are best anointed with a +mixture of oxide of zinc, spermaceti and glycerine, which any +chemist can make up, to the consistency of cold cream. It +should be buttered on thickly, especially at bed-time.</p> + +<p><i>Blisters</i> should be pricked with a needle (<i>never</i> with <i>pin</i>); +the water should be squeezed out, and the old skin left on to +shield the young skin below.</p> + +<p>Festers are only another version of boils. The internal +remedies, to rectify the blood, should be the same as for boils. +Cuts or wounds of broken skin may be treated like raws if +slight; if deeper, then wrapped in lint, soaked in cold water, +and bound with oilskin to keep the lint moist.</p> + +<p><i>Abdominal strains</i> sometimes occur (i.e. of the abdominal +muscles of recovery) if a man does a hard day’s work before he +is fairly fit. A day’s rest is the best thing; an hour’s sitting in a +hot hip bath, replenishing the heat as the water cools, gives +much relief. The strain works off while the oarsman is warm +to his work, but recurs with extra pain when he starts cold for +the next row. If there is any suspicion of hernia (or ‘rupture’) +work should instantly stop, even ten miles from home; the +patient should row no more, walk gently to a resting-place, and +send for a doctor. Once only has the writer known of real +hernia in a day’s row, and then the results were painfully serious. +Inspection of the abdomen will show if there is any hernia.</p> + +<p><i>Diarrhœa</i> is a common complaint. It is best to call in a +doctor if the attack does not pass off in half a day. If a man +has to go to the post while thus affected, it is a good thing to +give him some <i>raw</i> arrowroot (three or four table-spoonfuls) +in <i>cold</i> water. The dose should be well stirred, to make the +arrowroot swill down the throat. To put the arrowroot into +hot water spoils the effect which is desired.</p> + +<p>Many doctors have a tender horror of consenting to any +patient rowing, even for a day, so long as he is under their care, +though only for a boil which does not affect his action.</p> + +<p>Professional instinct prompts them to feel that the speediest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> +possible cure is the chief desideratum, and of course that object +is best attained by lying on the shelf. A doctor who will consent +to do his best to cure, subject to assenting to his patient’s +continuing at work so long as actual danger is not thereby +incurred, and so long as disablement for the more important +race day is not risked, is sometimes, but too rarely, found.</p> + +<p><i>Sprains</i>, <i>colds</i>, <i>coughs</i>, &c., had better be submitted at once +to a doctor. A cold on the chest may become much more +serious than it appears at first, and should never be trifled with. +Slightly sprained wrists weaken, but need not necessarily cripple +a man. Mr. W. Hoare, stroke of Oxford boat in 1862, had a +sprained wrist at Putney, and rowed half the race with only one +hand, as also much of the practice. He was none the worse +after Easter, when the tendons had rested and recuperated.</p> + +<p>Oarsmen should be careful to wrap up warmly the instant +that they cease work. Many a cold has been caught by men +sitting in their jerseys—cold wind suddenly checking perspiration +after a sharp row—while some chatter is going on about +the time which the trial has taken, or why No. So-and-so caught +a small crab halfway. A woollen comforter should always be +at hand to wrap promptly round the neck and over the chest +when exertion ceases, and so soon as men land they should clothe +up in warm flannel, until the time comes to strip and work.</p> + +<p>Siestas should not be allowed. There is a temptation to +doze on a full stomach after a hard day, or even when fresh +after a midday meal. No one should be allowed to give way to +this; it only makes men ‘slack,’ and spoils digestion.</p> + +<p>If a man can keep his bedclothes on all night, and keep +warm, he will do himself good if he sleeps with an open window, +winter or summer. He thereby gets more fresh air, and +accordingly has not to tax the respiratory muscles so much, in +order to inhale the necessary amount of oxygen. Eight hours +sleep with open windows refresh the frame more than nine +hours and upwards in a stuffy bedroom. A roaring fire may +obviate an open window, for it forces a constant current of +air through the apartment. The writer has slept with windows<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +wide open, winter and summer, since he first matriculated at +his University, save once or twice for a night or two when +suffering from cold (not contracted by having slept with open +windows). If a bed is well tucked up, and the frame well +covered, the chest cannot be chilled, and the mouth and nose +are none the worse for inhaling cool fresh air, even below +freezing-point. This refers to men of sound chests. Men of +weak constitution have no business to train or to race.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig205" id="Fig205"></a> +<img src="images/illo205.png" alt="Four-oar" width="500" height="324" /> +<p class="caption">FOUR-OAR.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER XIII.</h2> + +<h3>ROWING CLUBS.</h3> + +<p>The formation of a ‘club’ for the pursuit of any branch of +sport gives a local stimulus at once to the game, and lends +facilities for the acquisition of merit in the performance. This +is peculiarly the case with rowing, and for more than one +reason. Theoretically a man might, by unaided scientific +study, elaborate for himself the most improved system or principle +of oarsmanship. Practically he will do nothing of the +sort, and if left to teach himself will develop all sorts of faults +of style, which tend to the outlay of a maximum of exertion +for a minimum of progress. The tiro in oarsmanship requires +instruction from the outset; the sooner he is taught, the more +likely is he to become proficient. If he begins to teach himself, +he will certainly acquire faulty action, which will settle to +habit. If later on he has recourse to a mentor, the labours of +both pupil and tutor will be more arduous than if the pupil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> +were a complete beginner; the pupil will require first to be +<i>un</i>taught from his bad style before he is adapted for instruction +in good action of limbs and body.</p> + +<p>Moreover, all rowing becomes so mechanical that the +polished oarsman is almost as unconscious of merit in his style +(save from what others may tell him of himself) as the duffer is +of his various inelegancies. The very best oarsman is liable insidiously +to develop faults in his own style which he himself, or a +less scientific performer, would readily notice in another person.</p> + +<p>Hence, where men row together in a club, each can be of +service to the other, in pointing out faults, of which the performer +is unconscious. So that half-a-dozen oarsmen or scullers +of equal class, if they will thus mutually assist each other, can +attain between them a higher standard than if each had rowed +like a hermit. Still more is the standard of oarsmanship raised +among juniors when the older hands of a club take them in +charge and coach them.</p> + +<p>In addition to this system of reciprocal education, a club +fosters rivalry, and organises club races; and, in like manner, a +plurality of clubs stimulates competition between clubs, and +produces open racing between members of the rival institutions.</p> + +<p>College clubs seem to be the oldest on record. Some of +them go back as early as the concluding years of George the +Third. The rise of British oarsmanship has been traced in +a <a href="#Page_26">preceding chapter</a>. The oldest ‘open’ rowing club is the +‘Leander.’ When it originated seems to be uncertain, but it was +considered relatively to be an ‘old’ club in 1837.</p> + +<p>Mr. G. D. Rowe, Hon. Secretary of the Club, has kindly +extracted the following memoranda from the Club’s history of +its records:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>It would seem that the earliest known metropolitan rowing +clubs were ‘The Star’ and ‘The Arrow,’ which existed at the end +of the last century, and expired somewhere about 1820. Out of +the ruins sprang the Leander Club, which is still a flourishing institution, +and which includes amongst its members most of the great +University oarsmen of the last thirty years or so. So far as can<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> +be ascertained, the Leander Club did not exist in 1820, but it was +in full swing in 1825, and in 1830 was looked upon as a well-known +and long-established boat club.</p> + +<p>In 1837, 1838, and 1841 Leander rowed races against Cambridge, +losing the first and winning the last, whilst in 1838 the race was +declared a draw owing to fouling.</p> + +<p>In all three the course was from Westminster to Putney.</p> + +<p>In 1839 Leander was beaten for the Grand Challenge Cup at +Henley by the Oxford Etonians; but in 1840 the Leander crew won +the Cup, whilst in 1841 they came in first, but were disqualified on a +foul. In consequence of this Leander did not again compete for the +G.C.C. till 1858,<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a +href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> as the Club considered the ruling of the Umpire +unfair.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> The Leander entry at Henley, 1858, arose thus. A mixed team of old +Blues of <i>both</i> colours got up an eight, and qualified by rowing under the +Leander flag.</p></div> + +<p>Meanwhile, however, in 1843, -4, and -5 Leander won the Challenge +Cup at the Thames Regatta, and between 1845 and 1855 +Leander won the Presentation Cup at Erith for Four-oars, several +times.</p> + +<p>Leander, however, was as much a social association as a competing +rowing club. Up till 1856 the number of members was +limited to twenty-five men, who used to meet at Westminster once +or twice a week, and row to Putney or Greenwich, and take dinner +together. Sometimes they would go to the Albert Docks, and dine +on board a ship, at the expense of one of their members, who was a +large shipowner.</p> + +<p>After 1856 the number of members was increased to thirty-five, +and in 1862 the Club was put on a more modern footing after the +example of the London Rowing Club, and no limit was put on the +number of members.</p> + +<p>The Club quarters were moved to Putney, where a small piece of +ground was rented on which a tent was erected for housing boats. +This piece of ground was acquired by the London Rowing Club in +1864, and on it was built the present L.R.C. boat-house. Leander, +however, were able to get a lease of a piece of land adjoining, and +in 1866 built a boat-house, which still exists, though the Club has of +late thought of departing from Putney and establishing themselves +on one of the upper reaches of the Thames.</p> + +<p>The rowing successes of Leander of late years have not been very +great, though a Leander crew is always formidable ‘on paper’ and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span> +comprises a good selection of ‘Varsity oars. Want of practice and +of combination usually outweighs individual skill. In 1875 and 1880 +the Grand Challenge Cup was won by Leander under the leadership +of Goldie and Edwardes-Moss respectively, but since 1880 all +attempts to carry off the much-coveted prize have proved futile.</p> + +<p>It must have been a curious sight in old days to see a Leander +crew rowing in front of the ‘Varsity race in their ‘cutter’ steered +by Jim Parish, their waterman coxswain. The crew used to wear +the orthodox top-hats on their heads, whilst the coxswain was +arrayed in all the glories of ‘green plush kneebreeches, silk +stockings, “Brummagem” coat, and tall white silk hat.’</p></div> + +<p>The match between Oxford and Leander in 1831 had ended +in the defeat of Oxford, and when, six years later, Cambridge +challenged Leander, it was thought by the London division to +be a rash venture on the part of the Cantabs. But we read in +the Brasenose B.C. records that in the opinion of some experts +the Leander oarsmanship was observed to have rather fallen off +of late, and that there were not wanting good judges who were +prepared for the Cantab victory in which the match resulted. +This casual remark seems to show that Leander was a club +of some years’ standing at the time of this match. There +seems to have been a ‘scullers’ club, hailing from Wandsworth, +even earlier than this. But if it had a name, the title is +lost. There must have been a fair amount of sculling among +amateurs prior to 1830, in order to induce Mr. Lewis Wingfield +in 1830 to present the silver challenge sculls which still +bear his name, and which to this day carry with them the +title of Amateur Championship. The University clubs, when +once founded, rapidly developed strength; new college clubs +were founded, and eights were manned by colleges and halls +which hitherto had not entered for the annual bumping races. +But London oarsmanship gradually deteriorated between 1835 +and 1855. The cause of this decay is intelligible. The tideway +was churned up by steamers, rowing from Westminster was +no longer the pleasant sport which it had been, and railway +facilities for suburban rowing had hardly developed. Leander +made one show at Henley after its foundation and failed to score<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> +a win. After that Leander crews absented themselves from the +scene until the days of their modern revival. There was a +club called the ‘St. George’s’ which put on a good four-oar or +two in the ‘forties’ at Henley; and after them came a ‘Thames’ +club, which lasted some seasons, and chiefly distinguished +itself by winning thrice running the ‘Gold Cup’ of the old +Thames Regatta of the ‘forties.’ The Thames Club also won the +Grand at Henley; but they died out, and a lot of local small-fry +clubs dismembered the rowing talent of the metropolis for +the next few years. Of these, the most distinguished were the +‘Argonauts,’ between 1853 and 1856. They were not numerically +strong, but they made up in quality for quantity. They +were not enough to man an eight, and the Grand Challenge +Cup at Henley was farmed for several seasons by the Universities. +The Chester men came and went like a meteor in 1856. +Their performances will be found under the description of the +<a href="#SecRef10">first keelless eight</a>. In that year the London Rowing Club +was founded, and in 1857, being then a year old, it made its +<i>début</i> at Henley, and won the Grand Challenge, Mr. Wood in +the Oxford crew breaking an oar in the last two hundred yards +of the race. The foundation of the London Club did more to +raise the standard of amateur rowing than anything in modern +times. It created a third great factor in eight-oared rowing, +and served to keep the Universities up to the mark. It also +encouraged other clubs. Kingston soon followed suit, first +with a four and afterwards with an eight. After them the new +(modern) Thames Club also made its appearance at Henley, +beginning like Kingston with fours before aspiring to eights. +In these days Thames are rivals with London for the pick of +the rowing talent of the tideway, and each acts as a stimulus +to the other. It is no exaggeration to say that at an average +Henley Regatta, during the present decade, four or five eights +may often be seen, any one of which would, <i>ceteris paribus</i> +(and sliding seats barred), have been considered a good winner +of the Grand Challenge a quarter of a century ago, so great +has been the advance in the standard of amateur rowing.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>The Leander Club has been a practical reality once more +for nearly twenty years; it has competed periodically for the +Grand Challenge and Stewards’ Cups, and has twice won the +Grand, but its composition is now widely different from what +it was in the palmy ‘Brilliant’ days of fifty years ago. In those +times it represented the rowing talent of the metropolitan +element; it filled the same position that the London and +Thames Clubs now jointly occupy. In these days it is almost +entirely composed of University men, past and present. Having +vacated its old functions, it has in turn filled those formerly +performed by the ‘Subscription Rooms’ of the Universities, +which in the ‘forties’ used to hail from Stangate. There is +but little junior rowing done or taught in Leander; most of its +recruits are already more or less proficient before they join it. +It is not a nursery of oarsmanship, but a colony, to which rowing +men from the Universities resort. It is of value in promoting +sport and competition, but it does not, from the very nature +of its elements, fill the same sort of position that the London +and Thames Clubs hold in the rowing world—as nurseries of +junior talent on the tideway. On the upper Thames, Kingston +holds a position of much the same nature as London and +Thames. Twickenham are an old club, but it is only of late +years that they have aspired to Grand Challenge form; they +owe this aspiration to a reinforcement from Hertford College, +Oxon. Besides these leading clubs there are sundry smaller +bodies, which content themselves chiefly with junior rowing. +Such are the ‘West London’ and ‘Grove Park,’<a +name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> the ‘East +Sheen,’ and others of this class. Five-and-thirty years ago it was +a rarity to see even a scratch amateur eight on the tideway, so +much had London rowing gone downhill. In the present day, +on a June or July evening, especially on Saturday, half-a-dozen +or more may be seen between Wandsworth and Richmond.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Since the above was written, West London and Grove Park Clubs have +become extinct.</p></div> + +<p>Provincial oarsmanship has made considerable advance during +the last thirty years. The Chester Club was the first to make<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> +a great mark, as mentioned elsewhere. The Eastern Counties +are the most behindhand in the science, although they have +good rivers in the Orwell and Yare. Newcastle produces +strong local clubs, and once a champion, Mr. Fawcus, came +from the Tyne. Mr. Wallace, a high-class sculler, also came +south, but without absolute success, some years before Mr. +Fawcus. Durham, what with its school, its University, and its +town, shows plenty of sport on the Wear. Lancashire sent a +fair ‘Mersey’ four to Henley in 1862, and in 1870 the ‘John +o’ Gaunt’ men from the same river made a decided hit at +Henley, although they failed to win. Bath has produced some +good men before now, chiefly under the tuition of Mr. C. +Herbert, a London oarsman. The Severn has woke up considerably. +In 1850 we doubt whether four men could have +been found on the whole river who could sit in an outrigger; +but during the last fifteen years amateur rowing has made great +advances at Worcester, Bewdley, Bridgnorth, and other towns. +Tewkesbury started a regatta about a quarter of a century ago, +and other towns on the Severn have followed suit. At present +the Severn clubs confine their rowing very much to contests +among themselves, and do not try their luck on the Thames +in the leading regattas. The time may come when they will +acquire sufficient talent to enable them to make a creditable +display against the greater clubs of the Thames. The Trent, +though one of the finest of our English rivers, does very little +for oarsmanship. Some very second-class rowing is now and +then seen at Nottingham, and also at Burton-on-Trent. The +latter, many years ago, sent a pair-oar to Henley Regatta; but, +so far as we can recall, the men, or one of them, was a Cantab +(Mr. Nadin), and we may surmise that he owed his oarsmanship +to the Cam rather than to the Trent. One curious feature in +provincial rowing is, and has been, the absence of any professional +talent. The Tyne alone has really rivalled the Thames +in respect of producing leading professionals. A good four +once or twice came from Glasgow to the Thames Regatta about +sixteen years ago, and now and then a fair second-class sculler +(such as Strong, of Barrow-in-Furness) has appeared from the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> +provinces, but in other respects great apathy seems to prevail +as regards professional oarsmanship on all our rivers except +Thames and Tyne. The later decadence of professional talent +on these once famous rivers will be treated in <a href="#Page_217">another chapter</a>.</p> + +<p>Mr. Brickwood, in his book on ‘Boat-racing,’ gives some +admirable suggestions for the formation of rowing clubs, which +should be read by all who aspire to found such institutions. +For the benefit of those who may hereafter take the lead in +establishing new boat clubs, or in remodelling old ones, he +propounds a ‘draft’ code of general rules; it would be presumptuous +to attempt to improve upon them, and we take the +liberty of giving them <i>in extenso</i>, as sketched by this eminent +authority.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h4><span class="smcap">Draft Rules.</span></h4> + +<p>1. This club shall be called the —— Rowing (or Boat) Club; +and the colours shall be ——.</p> + +<p>2. The object of this club shall be the encouragement of rowing +on the river —— amongst gentlemen amateurs.</p> + +<p>3. Any gentleman desirous of becoming a member shall cause +a notice in writing, containing his name, occupation, and address, +together with the names of his proposer and seconder (both of whom +must be members of the club, and personally acquainted with him, +and one of whom must be present at the ballot), to be forwarded +to the secretary fourteen days prior to the general meeting at +which the candidate shall be balloted for; one black ball in five +shall exclude. In the case of neither the proposer nor seconder +being able to attend the ballot for a new member, the committee +may institute such inquiries as they may deem requisite, and on +the receipt of satisfactory replies in writing from both proposer and +seconder such attendance may be waived, and the election may +proceed in the usual manner.</p> + +<p>4. The annual subscription shall be ——, due and payable on +February 1 in each year.</p> + +<p>5. Subscriptions becoming due on February 1 shall be paid by +April 1, and subscriptions becoming due after February 1 be paid +within two months; or, in default, the names of the members whose +subscriptions are in arrears may be placed conspicuously in the +club-room, with a notice that they are not entitled to the benefits of +the club.</p> + +<p>6. The name of any member whose subscriptions shall be in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +arrear twelve months shall be posted in the club-room as a defaulter, +and published in the circular next issued.</p> + +<p>7. The proposer of any candidate shall (upon his election) be +responsible to the club for the entrance-fee and first annual subscription +of such candidate.</p> + +<p>8. Members wishing to resign shall tender their resignation in +writing to the secretary before February 1, otherwise they will be +liable for the year’s subscription; the receipt of such resignation +shall be acknowledged by the secretary.</p> + +<p>9. The officers of the club shall consist of a president, vice-president, +captain, and secretary, to be elected by ballot at the +first general meeting in February in each year; the same to be +<i>ex-officio</i> members of the committee.</p> + +<p>10. The captain shall be at liberty, from time to time, to appoint +a member of the club to act as his deputy, such appointment to be +notified in the club-room.</p> + +<p>11. The general management of the club shall be entrusted to a +committee of —— members, and —— shall form a quorum; such +committee to be chosen by ballot at the first general meeting in +February in each year.</p> + +<p>12. A general meeting shall be held in every month, in the club-room, +during the rowing season, and at such time and place during +the winter as may be selected by the committee.</p> + +<p>13. A notice containing the names of candidates for election at +the general meeting shall be sent to every member of the club.</p> + +<p>14. Any member who shall wilfully or by gross negligence +damage any property belonging the club shall immediately have +the same repaired at his own expense. The question of the +damage being or not being accidental shall be decided by the +committee from such evidence as they may be able to obtain.</p> + +<p>15. A general meeting shall have power to expel any member +from the club who has made himself generally obnoxious; but no +ballot shall be taken until fourteen days’ notice shall have been +given; one black ball to three white to expel such member. This +rule shall not be enforced except in extraordinary cases, and until +the member complained of shall have been requested by the committee +to resign.</p> + +<p>16. No crew shall contend for any public prize, under the name +of the club, without the sanction of the committee. All races for +money are strictly prohibited.</p> + +<p>17. The committee shall have the management of all club +matches.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>18. The rules and by-laws of the club shall be printed, and +posted in the club-room, and the copy sent to every member; +and any member who shall wilfully persist in the infraction of any +such rules or by-laws shall be liable to be expelled.</p> + +<p>19. Any member wishing to propose any alteration in the rules +of the club shall give notice in writing to the secretary, two weeks +prior to the question being discussed, when, if the notice be +seconded, a ballot shall be taken, and to carry the proposed alteration +the majority in favour must be two to one.</p> + +<p>20. The committee shall have power to make, alter, and repeal +by-laws.</p></div> + +<h5><i>By-Laws.</i></h5> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. The boats of the club shall be for the general use of the +members on all days during the season (Sundays excepted), subject +to the following by-laws.</p> + +<p>2. That no visitor be permitted to row in a club boat to the +exclusion of a member of the club.</p> + +<p>3. That the club day be —— in each week during the season, +and the hour of meeting ——.</p> + +<p>4. That on club days members be selected by the captain (or +in his absence by his deputy) to form crews; the members present +at the hour of meeting to have priority of claim. Should the +decision of the captain or his deputy be considered unsatisfactory +by the majority of members present, the matter in dispute +shall be settled by lot.</p> + +<p>5. All boats shall be returned to the boathouse by ten o’clock +at night, except on club days, when club boats taken out before +the usual hour must be returned half an hour before the time fixed +for meeting. Any expense incurred by the club through an infringement +of this by-law shall be paid by the member offending.</p> + +<p>6. Any dispute as regards rowing in any particular boat or +boats shall be settled by lot, this provision having reference more +particularly to club days.</p> + +<p>7. In the event of there being more members present than can +be accommodated in the club boats, it shall be at the discretion of +the captain or his deputy, or of such members of the committee as +may be present, to hire extra boats at the expense of the club.</p> + +<p>8. The committee shall from time to time appoint one of their +number to superintend the management of the boathouse, and to +make all necessary arrangements for keeping the boats of the club +in a thorough state of repair and cleanliness.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>9. All crews sent by the club to contend at a public regatta +shall be formed by the captain and two other experienced members +to be named by the committee, such crews when formed to be +subject to the approval of the committee.</p> + +<p>10. In the event of a crew being chosen to contend in any +public race or match, such crew shall be provided by the club +with a boat for their exclusive use during their time of training, +and shall have their entrance-fees paid by the club.</p> + +<p>11. The expense of conveying boats to public regattas at which +crews of the club contend shall be paid by the crews, but the committee +shall have power to repay the whole or any part of such +expenses out of the club funds.</p> + +<p>12. The committee, on the occasion of a club race or other +special event, shall appoint a member of the club to take charge of +and conduct all arrangements connected with the same.</p> + +<p>13. The member pulling the stroke-oar in any club boat shall +have command of the crew.</p> + +<p>14. Upon the arrival of a crew at the place appointed for stopping, +the captain of the boat shall (if required) fix the time for +returning; and, if any member be absent at the appointed time, +the crew shall be at liberty to hire a substitute at the expense of +the absentee.</p> + +<p>15. Every member, on landing from a club boat, shall be bound +to assist in housing such boat, and in doing so shall follow the +direction of the captain or other officer.</p> + +<p>16. Any member using a private boat without the consent of +its owner shall thereby render himself liable to a vote of censure, +and, if need be, expulsion.</p></div> + +<p>Clubs are often but ephemeral. Some leading spirit founds +one, and, when his influence vanishes with himself, the club +wanes; perhaps it pales before a rival, perhaps it amalgamates +with another. From various causes many minor clubs have +risen and set on the Thames within the writer’s memory during +the last two decades; others which were in full swing when he +was at school or college have ceased to exist. In the summer of +1886 this question of extinction of small clubs became a subject +of correspondence in the aquatic columns of the ‘Field.’ Subsequently +the writer of this chapter discussed the question in the +following leading article, published in the ‘Field’ on July 17,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> +1886, and now reproduced by the courtesy of the proprietors. +It is given <i>in extenso</i> for the sake of the history and reminiscences +embodied in it.</p> + +<h5><i>The Extinction of Small Rowing Clubs.</i></h5> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>We published a fortnight ago a letter of complaint on this +subject from a correspondent who signed himself ‘Senior Oarsman.’ +We quite admit the fact that the tendency of the great +rowing clubs of the Thames has been to absorb the numerous +petty clubs which at one time abounded on the tideway, but we +entirely fail to agree with his view that this consummation is to be +deprecated, either in the interests of oarsmanship or of regattas. +Our own opinion is, that four or five strong clubs raise the standard +of rowing and the prestige of regattas to a far greater extent than +if these same societies were split up into a dozen or more minor +associations. We can remember when there were a large number +of petty clubs of that description, many of them hailing from +Putney. The ground-floor doors of the annexe to the ‘Star and +Garter’ at Putney still commemorate the names of some of them, +though the clubs have been extinct for ages. ‘Nautilus’ and +‘Star’ are among the titles which are still painted on the doors. +Prior to the founding of the London Rowing Club in 1856, the +rowing talent of the Thames was split up into many such small +sections. None of them, save the ‘Argonauts,’ were fit to man one +decent four between them. The L.R.C. consolidated these small +societies for the time being; but there are always to be found +oarsmen who prefer to pose as leaders of small-fry clubs rather +than play second or third fiddle in first-class clubs. Hence, no +sooner had the L.R.C. consolidated one batch of small clubs than +others sprang into existence. At the date of the founding of the +Metropolitan Regatta in 1866 there were once more a host of these +minor societies on the Thames, and one of the causes of weakness +in the executive of that regatta arose from the recognition of these +small clubs by the L.R.C. as factors to be consulted in its organisation. +These petty clubs had no chance of winning the open prizes, +but they were keen to distinguish themselves and have a hand in +the gathering, and accordingly the ‘metropolitan’ eights and pairs +for local second-raters had to be established, in order to induce +the small clubs to join the undertaking. The result of this policy +was, that before long the L.R.C. provided by far the larger proportion +of the funds for the regatta, and yet had to defer to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> +majority of votes of the small clubs in the matter of executive. +At that date Kingston was the only other club (except those of the +U.B.C’s.) which was up to Grand Challenge form, like the L.R.C. +Since that date there has been an expansion of other strong clubs, +and, as a necessary corollary, a gradual decay of minor ones. +Thames has grown to be a worthy rival of London, and has done +much to raise the standard of oarsmanship. Leander has been +revived, and Twickenham, which at one time (in the sixties) was +quite a small local club, now comes out also in Grand Challenge +form. This club have not yet actually landed the great prize, but +they have more than once been good enough to win it, had they +been fortunate enough to draw the best station. Besides these +clubs, there has been the Molesey Club, which in 1875 and 1876 +was capable of making the best crews gallop at Henley, and won +the Senior fours at sundry minor Thames regattas later in the +season. Its later absence from Henley is due to the retirement +from active oarsmanship of Mr. H. Chinnery and others, whose +personal energies alone sufficed to combat the difficulty of distance +from London. Meantime, clubs like the Ariel, Corsair West +London, Ino, and others have become ‘fine by degrees and +beautifully less,’ until they expired of inanition. There are, and +always will be, sundry ambitious second-class oarsmen who regret +the extinction of societies of this sort, and who recall with regret +the pot-hunting for junior prizes which sometimes fell in their way. +But when we recollect that clubs of this stamp were conspicuously +absent from the winning roll, and usually even from the competition +in senior races in minor Thames regattas, we fail to see wherein +rowing science suffers by their absorption. Junior oarsmen obtain +far better instruction in the ranks of the crack clubs than they +could hope to find in the small-fry institutions, and they have found +this out. When men have matriculated as oarsmen in weak clubs, +they constantly contract insidious faults of style, the result of being +put to race in light boats before they have mastered the first +principles of oarsmanship. If such men subsequently aspire to +join the better clubs, they have a worse chance of attaining a seat +in a first or even a second crew than if they had joined the big club +at the outset, and had been carefully taught in tubs till they were +fairly proficient. They have to be ‘untaught’ from a bad style +before they can be moulded in a good one. The Thames cup +eights at Henley are of a higher order now than they were seven +or eight years ago, and we are inclined to ascribe this fact to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span> +‘absorption’ system, which not only strengthens the large clubs, but +also provides better instruction for the rising generation than was +the case when talent was more split up. Oarsmen of good standard +who are really desirous of distinguishing themselves, and are not +too proud to serve in the ranks of a big club after having held +office in a smaller one, freely gravitate from minor to leading clubs. +The juniors of their clubs follow their leaders, and so the minor +clubs become gradually depleted.</p> + +<p>We do not consider that regatta entries are practically injured +by the development of the large clubs at the expense of the smaller +ones. We have already said that these small clubs are of little +or no use for senior races, whereas their ingredients, consolidated +in larger bodies, create one or two more strong clubs which are +good enough to produce competent senior crews, and so swell +senior entries. We admit that to some extent junior entries may +fall off in numbers, in consequence of the breaking up of petty +clubs; but, even allowing this, we hold that the quality of junior +entries increases in proportion as those juniors hail from a good +club endowed with scientific coaching. Clubs whose powers are +limited to the production of junior crews do not contribute much +to the standard of oarsmanship, and at the same time they divert +material which in good hands might attain a good standard. The +many petty clubs of fifteen or twenty years ago used to labour, +each by itself, through a whole season to produce just one junior +crew; and this possibly won a race at last, on a sort of tontine +principle, through the gradual victories of former opponents in +junior races, which on each occasion removed a rival from the +field of the future. The modern strong and first class clubs turn +out one junior crew after another in the season; so that batch +after batch of juniors are thus taken in hand, and competently +coached during the season. Besides regatta rowing, there are +club contests, and these are to be found in even greater abundance +and variety under the management of the leading clubs, and +afford more scope for rising oarsmen, than ever was the case in +the expiring and expired minor clubs. We gave publicity to our +correspondent’s complaint, as a matter of fair play in a subject +that might be of interest to many; but, all things considered, we +come to the conclusion that his deductions break down in every +respect, and that rowing and regattas alike benefit rather than lose +by consolidation of material in the first-class clubs of the day.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig219" id="Fig219"></a> +<img src="images/illo219.png" alt="Rowers in top hats" width="500" height="332" /> +<p class="caption">EARLY AMATEURS.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER XIV.</h2> + +<h3>THE AMATEUR, HIS HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION.</h3> + +<p>The old theory of an amateur was that he was a ‘gentleman,’ +and that the two were simply convertible terms. The amateur +of old might make rowing his sport, so long as he did not +actually make it his ostensible means of livelihood. The +Leander oarsmen who matched themselves against University +crews between 1830 and 1840 did not consider that they lost +caste by rowing for a stake.</p> + +<p>In 1831 Oxford and Leander rowed at Henley for 200<i>l.</i> +a side, with watermen steering them. Much later than this +it was not considered improper for two ‘gentlemen’ to row a +match (or race one) for a mutual <i>stake</i> (not a bet). Until 1861, +when the conditions of the Wingfield Sculls were remodelled +at a meeting of ex-champions and old competitors, it had been +the custom for all entries for that prize to pay a fee of 5<i>l.</i>, +and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> +the winner swept the pool! No one dreamed of suggesting +that this was in any way derogatory to the status of an amateur.</p> + +<p>But as rowing became more popular, and more widely +adopted as a pastime, it began to be felt that it was invidious +to leave the question ‘Is he an amateur?’ to the local opinion +of the regatta committee, before whom such a question might +be raised. Oarsmen came to the conclusion that some written +definition of the qualification was necessary; some hard and +fast rule, prospective, if not retrospective. Till then, various +executives had adopted various opinions as to what constituted +an amateur. One year, about 1871, the Henley executive declined +to recognise one of the local crews engaged in the +‘Town Cup’ as ‘amateurs;’ and on this ground refused to +allow them to start for the Wyfold Cup. It was not alleged +that any of this crew had ever laboured as a mechanic, or +rowed for money. The allegation of the Henley executive +was that this crew were not ‘gentlemen amateurs,’ and as such +they declined to admit them. A few days later another regatta +executive freely admitted this same crew, and none of the recognised +amateur clubs opposed to them raised any objection +to the local crew’s status.</p> + +<p>This variety of opinion led to consultation among certain +old amateurs whose ideas were universally respected, and as +a result, on April 10, 1878, a meeting was held at Putney, at +which there were present—</p> + +<ul class="left fsize80" style="list-style: none;"> + +<li><span class="smcap">Francis Playford</span>, L.R.C., <i>Chairman</i>.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">T. Edmund Hockin</span>, Secretary, C.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">T. C. Edwardes-Moss</span>, President, O.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">F. S. Gulston</span>, Captain, London R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Henry P. Marriott</span>, for Secretary, O.U.B C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">C. Gurdon</span>, President, C.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">James Hastie</span>, Captain, Thames R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">M. G. Farrer</span>, Captain, Leander B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">C. D. Heatley</span>, Captain, Kingston R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Robert W. Risley</span>, O.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_194" +id="Page_194">[194]</a></span><span class="smcap">Frank Willan</span>, O.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">J. G. Chambers</span>, C.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Edward H. Farrie</span>, C.U.B.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">Jno. Ireland</span>, L.R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">H. H. Playford</span>, Vice-President, L.R.C.</li> +<li><span class="smcap">E. D. Brickwood</span>, L.R.C., <i>Secretary</i>.</li> + +</ul> + +<p>These gentlemen drew up and passed the following:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h5><i>Definition of an Amateur.</i></h5> + +<p>An amateur oarsman or sculler must be an officer of her +Majesty’s Army, or Navy, or Civil Service, a member of the +Liberal Professions, or of the Universities or Public Schools, or of +any established boat or rowing club not containing mechanics or +professionals; and must not have competed in any competition +for either a stake, or money, or entrance-fee, or with or against a +professional for any prize; nor ever taught, pursued, or assisted in +the pursuit of athletic exercises of any kind as a means of livelihood, +nor have ever been employed in or about boats, or in manual +labour; nor be a mechanic, artisan, or labourer.</p></div> + +<p>In the following year the Henley executive drew up a definition +of their own, much to the same effect, but slightly +different in phraseology (this was on April 8, 1879). It read +thus:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No person shall be considered as an amateur oarsman or +sculler—</p> + +<p>1. Who has ever competed in any open competition for a +stake, money, or entrance-fee.</p> + +<p>2. Who has competed with or against a professional for any +prize.</p> + +<p>3. Who has ever taught, pursued, or assisted in the practice of +athletic exercise of any kind as a means of gaining a livelihood.</p> + +<p>4. Who has been employed in or about boats for money or +wages.</p> + +<p>5. Who is or has been, by trade or employment for wages, a +mechanic, artisan, or labourer.</p></div> + +<p>This definition, with a further slight verbal alteration, will +be found still embodied in the rules of Henley regatta, which +are given at p. 48. This new definition was adopted by the +‘Amateur Rowing Association.’</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>This latter body arose in 1879. The original object of its +constitution was to found a general club which could comprise +all the best amateur talent of Britain, and from which, in the +event of any foreign or colonial crew, composed of the full +force of its own country, coming to these shores, could be put +forward to represent the honour of the mother country; so +that the individual clubs of Britain should never hereafter be +in danger of being attacked separately, with forces divided, by +the concentrated resources of some foreign or colonial country. +The association was first called the ‘Metropolitan Rowing +Association,’ but eventually it took its present name. The +rules of this association are here given <i>in extenso</i>, and sufficiently +explain the <i>raison d’être</i>.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Rules of the Amateur Rowing Association, late +Metropolitan Rowing Association.</span></h4> + +<table class="braces" summary="Table page 195"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="center"><i>Committee.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr style="line-height: .1em;"> +<td style="width: 2em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 2em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 2em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 2em;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The President of the Oxford University Boat Club.</td> +<td class="symb">⎫</td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The President of the Cambridge University Boat Club.</td> +<td class="symb">⎪</td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The Captain of the Dublin University Boat Club.</td> +<td class="symb fsize125">⎪</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The Captain of the Dublin University Rowing Club.</td> +<td class="symb">⎬</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left"><i>Ex Officio.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The Captain of the Leander Boat Club.</td> +<td class="symb">⎪</td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The Captain of the London Rowing Club.</td> +<td class="symb fsize125">⎪</td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The Captain of the Kingston Rowing Club.</td> +<td class="symb">⎪</td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="fsize80"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="5" class="left">The Captain of the Thames Rowing Club.</td> +<td class="symb">⎭</td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="left padr1 br"><span class="smcap">James Catty</span>, T.R.C.</td> +<td colspan="5" class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">F. S. Gulston</span>, L.R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="left padr1 br"><span class="smcap">H. J. Chinnery</span>, L.R.C.</td> +<td colspan="5" class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">James Hastie</span>, T.R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="left padr1 br"><span class="smcap">F. Fenner</span>, L.R.C.</td> +<td colspan="5" class="left padl1">Rev. <span class="smcap">R. W. Risley</span>, O.U.B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="left padr1 br"><span class="smcap">J. H. D. Goldie</span>, C.U.B.C.</td> +<td colspan="5" class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">S. Le Blanc Smith</span>, L.R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="center"><i>Hon. Secretary.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="center"><span class="smcap">S. Le Blanc Smith</span>, Esq.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="center"><i>Head Quarters, pro tem.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="10" class="center"><span class="smcap">London Rowing Club, Putney.</span></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. That this Club be called ‘The Amateur Rowing Association.’</p> + +<p>2. That the object of the Association be to associate members +of existing amateur rowing clubs for the purpose of forming<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> +representative British crews to compete against Foreign and +Colonial representative crews, in the event of such entering at any +regattas in the United Kingdom, or challenging this country.</p> + +<p>3. That the government and management of the Association be +vested in a committee of fifteen members (of whom five shall be a +quorum), with power to add to their number, who, except the <i>ex-officio</i> +members, shall retire annually, and be eligible for re-election.</p> + +<p>4. That the Presidents of the Oxford University Boat Club +and Cambridge University Boat Club, the Captains of the Dublin +University Boat Club, Dublin University Rowing Club, Leander +Boat Club, London Rowing Club, Kingston Rowing Club, and +Thames Rowing Club, for the time being be <i>ex-officio</i> members of +the committee.</p> + +<p>5. That no one be eligible as a member of the Association +unless he be a member of a recognised Amateur Rowing Club.</p> + +<p>6. That candidates for election must be proposed and seconded +by two members of the committee, and unanimously elected by +the committee.</p> + +<p>7. That, when members of different clubs are selected to form +a crew, they must, for the time being, place themselves exclusively +at the disposal of the Association.</p> + +<p>8. That general meetings of the members be summoned by the +Honorary Secretary at such times as not less than five of the +committee think fit, and that committee meetings be held once, at +least, in every three months, and as much oftener as a quorum +shall, from time to time, decide.</p></div> + +<p>This Amateur Rowing Association began modestly, and +without any assumption, to dictate to the rowing world. It +was content to take the patriotic part of guarding national +amateur prestige in aquatics. But all leading clubs so fully +recognised the value of the new association, that pressure was +often put upon it to make a <i>coup d’état</i>, and to take the sceptre +of amateur rowing and the control of amateur regattas, a position +analogous to that held respectively by the ‘Jockey Club’ on +the turf, the ‘Grand National Hunt Committee’ in steeple-chasing, +and the ‘Amateur Athletic Association’ on the running +path. To some extent the Association have followed the course +urged upon them, and last season (1886) they propounded a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> +code of regatta rules, which will doubtless be adopted by all +regattas that desire to entice first-class amateur competitions on +their waters. These rules read thus:—</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Amateur Rowing Association.</span></h4> + +<p class="center"><i>Established 1879.</i></p> + +<p class="center">(Hon. Sec, <span class="smcap">S. Le Blanc Smith</span>, Esq., Coombeside, Sydenham, S.E.)</p> + +<ul class="left" style="list-style: none; margin-left: 10%;"> + +<li>Cambridge University Boat Club—Cambridge.</li> +<li>Kingston Rowing Club—Surbiton.</li> +<li>Leander Club—Putney.</li> +<li>London Rowing Club—Putney.</li> +<li>Oxford University Boat Club—Oxford.</li> +<li>Reading Rowing Club—Reading.</li> +<li>Royal Chester Rowing Club—Chester.</li> +<li>Thames Rowing Club—Putney.</li> +<li>Twickenham Rowing Club—Twickenham.</li> +<li>West London Rowing Club—Putney.</li> +<li>Marlow Boat Club—Marlow.</li> +<li>Henley Rowing Club—Henley.</li> + +</ul> + +<h5><i>Rules for Amateur Regattas.</i></h5> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1. The committee shall state on their programmes, and all +other official notices and advertisements, that their regatta is held +under the Rules of the A.R.A.</p> + +<p>2. No ‘value’ prize (<i>i.e.</i> a cheque on a tradesman) shall be +offered for competition, nor shall a prize and money be offered as +alternatives.</p> + +<p>3. Entries shall close at least three clear days before the date +of the regatta.</p> + +<p>4. No assumed name shall be given to the secretary unless +accompanied by the real name of the competitor.</p> + +<p>5. No one shall be allowed to enter twice for the same race.</p> + +<p>6. The secretary of the regatta shall not be permitted to divulge +any entry, nor to report the state of the entrance list, until such +list be closed.</p> + +<p>7. The committee shall investigate any questionable entry +irrespective of protest.</p> + +<p>8. The committee shall have absolute power to refuse or return<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> +any entry up to the time of starting, without being bound to assign +a reason.</p> + +<p>9. The captain or secretary of each club or crew entered shall, +at least three clear days before the day of the regatta, deliver to +the secretary of the regatta a list containing the names of the +actual crew appointed to compete, to which list the names of not +more than four other members for an eight-oar and two for a four-oar +may be added as substitutes; provided that no person may be +substituted for another who has already rowed a heat.</p> + +<p>10. The secretary of the regatta, after receiving the list of the +crews entered, and of the substitutes, shall, if required, furnish a +copy of the same with the names, real and assumed, to the captain +or secretary of each club, or in the case of pairs or scullers to each +competitor entered.</p> + +<p>11. The committee shall appoint one or more umpires, to act +under the Laws of Boat Racing.</p> + +<p>12. The committee shall appoint one or more judges, whose +decision as to the order in which the boats pass the post shall be +final.</p> + +<p>13. Objections to the qualification of a competitor should be +made in writing to the secretary of the regatta at the earliest +moment practicable. No protest shall be entertained unless lodged +before the prizes are distributed.</p> + +<p>14. Every competitor must wear complete clothing from the +shoulders to the knees—including a sleeved jersey.</p> + +<p>15. In the event of there being but one crew or competitor +entered for any prize, or if more than one enter and all withdraw +but one, the sole competitor must row over the course to become +entitled to such prize.</p> + +<p>16. Boats shall be held to have completed the course when +their bows reach the winning post.</p> + +<p>17. The whole course must be completed by a competitor before +he can be held to have won a trial or final heat.</p> + +<p>18. In the event of a dead heat any competitor refusing to row +again, as may be directed by the committee, shall be adjudged to +have lost.</p> + +<p>19. A junior oarsman is one (A) who has never won any race +at a regatta other than a school race, a race in which the construction +of the boats was restricted, or a race limited to numbers of +one club; (B) who has never been a competitor in any International +or Inter-University match.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>A junior sculler is one (A) who has never won any sculling race +at a regatta other than a race in which the construction of the +boats was restricted, or a race limited to members of one club; +(B) who has never competed for the Diamond Sculls at Henley, or +for the Amateur Championship of any country.</p> + +<p>N.B.—The qualification shall in every case relate to the day +of the regatta.</p> + +<p>20. All questions not specially provided for shall be decided by +the committee.</p></div> + +<p>With these safeguards, and with the guidance of this leading +Association, it is to be hoped that the status of amateurs in +England will be preserved at that high standard which alone +can properly demarcate the amateur from the professional.</p> + +<p>Foreign crews which seek to compete at our regattas are +often of a very dubious character as regards amateurship. The +imposture of Lee, the Yankee professional, at Henley regatta +in 1878, was not discovered until too late; and his case has +been by no means an isolated one. The Henley executive now +impose certain conditions upon foreign countries, which enable +our own authorities to make timely inquiries as to the real +status of proposed visitors. These conditions will be found +under No. 4 of the ‘General Rules’ of Henley (<a href="#Page_49">p. 49</a>).</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig227" id="Fig227"></a> +<img src="images/illo227.png" alt="Windsor Castle" width="500" height="395" /> +<p class="caption">WINDSOR.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER XV.</h2> + +<h3>ROWING AT ETON COLLEGE.</h3> + +<p>The River Thames flows so near the College of Eton that it +necessarily affords an attraction to the boys at least equal to +the playing fields, and has always been frequented for bathing +and rowing as well as other aquatic pursuits. All such amusements +have been styled from time immemorial ‘Wet bobbing,’ +as distinguished from cricket, which is ‘Dry bobbing:’ the boys +who boat are called ‘Wet bobs’ and the cricketers ‘Dry bobs.’ +In the good old times, by which we mean the times told of by +old men of our early acquaintance, extending to the end of the +last and beginning of this century, the river was used by the +boys for some other delightful though unlawful sports. Fishing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span> +was in those times more attractive to them than it has been in +recent years, and many boys who did not join the boats would +go out gudgeon, pike, or trout fishing with persistent zeal. Old +gentlemen have told us of getting up in the early morning in +the summer half, breaking out through the windows of their +dame’s or tutor’s houses, and getting on the river to fish before +the early school. Shooting was also practised on the river both +at such times and during the legitimate play hours. The +watermen took care of guns for sporting boys, and went with +them in pursuit of water-hens, kingfishers, swallows, or any bird +that might be found about the eyots, in the willow beds, or up +the backwaters of Clewer or Cuckoo Weir. Of course these +sports were interdicted; but the use of the river for any purpose +whatever was so far forbidden that masters must be shirked in +going to or coming from it, and the river itself was out of bounds. +The sixth form also had to be shirked in old times, and could +have any lower boy punished for being out of bounds; but it +must have been a sixth-form boy of no sporting propensities +himself who could have given 100 lines to a lower boy caught +shooting in the Clewer stream. Was it more or was it less +praiseworthy of one of the tutors who caught the same lad with +his gun, and only remonstrated with him because it might be dangerous, +and not because he was breaking the rules of the school?</p> + +<p>No one but an Etonian could possibly understand the +anomalous condition of things which made the river out of +bounds, though no boy was really prevented from going on it +unless he was caught on the way by a master and actually sent +back. The fact was that, when on the river, the boy was safe +from interference. Once only did a headmaster attempt to +stop an eight which he heard was to row up to Surly; this was +Dr. Keate, and he was so finely hoaxed that he never even made +a second attempt. Hearing that an eight was to go out on a +certain day, he threatened to expel anyone who should take +part in the expedition, and then went for a walk along the towpath +to waylay them. There issued from the Brocas a crew of +watermen dressed like the Eton eight, and wearing masks over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span> +their faces. Crowds of people followed to see what would +happen. Keate caught them between the Hopes and shouted, +‘Foolish boys, I know you all. Lord ——, I know you. A——, +you had better come ashore. Come here or you will all be +expelled.’ The boat however pursued its course, several of the +masters followed on horseback, and the ruse was not discovered +until the crew disembarked and took off their masks +with a loud ‘Hurrah!’ Keate was furious, and vowed that there +should be no Easter holidays unless the boys who had been +hooting him behind hedges gave themselves up, and some twenty +victims were accordingly swished.</p> + +<p>As a matter of fact the river was permitted from March 1 +till Easter holidays for long boats, and from Easter till Midsummer +for boats of all kinds. In going to or from the river +a boy had to shirk a master by getting into a shop out of +his sight. The masters avoided going along the river when +rowing was practised; they ignored, or pretended to ignore, the +procession of boats on June 4 and Election Saturday, and +winked at the Fireworks and the boys being late for lock-up +on those days. On June 4, 1822, Dr. Keate sent for the captain +of the boats and said to him, ‘The boys are often very noisy +on this evening and late for lock-up. You know I know nothing! +But I hear you are in a position of authority. I hope +you will not be late to-night, and do your best to prevent disorder. +Lock-up time will be twenty minutes later than usual: +it is your customary privilege.’</p> + +<p>On March 1, 1860, the captain of the boats went boldly up +to Dr. Goodford and requested that the ‘boats’ (or boys who +belonged to the eight-oared boats) might be allowed to go to +the Brocas without shirking, and somewhat to his surprise the +Doctor gave his consent. In the following half shirking was +abolished in Eton for all the school.</p> + +<p>There is however one important condition on which a boy +may boat: he must ‘pass’ in swimming. When the authorities +ignored the boating, boys who could not swim daily risked +their lives, and casualties sometimes occurred. It was in 1840<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> +that C. F. Montagu was drowned near Windsor Bridge, and +such an effect had this calamity, that the masters thenceforth +ordained that boating should be formally recognised, and +that no boy should be allowed to get into a boat until he had +passed an examination in swimming. One or two masters +were appointed river masters. Bathing-places were made at +Athens, Upper Hope, and Cuckoo Weir, and the eighth and +sixth form were allowed to bathe in Boveney Weir. No boy +might bathe at any place but Cuckoo Weir until he had passed. +Watermen were engaged to teach swimming, and be ready with +their punts at bathing-places and elsewhere to watch the boys +on the river, to prevent accidents and report unlawful acts. +Bathing is permitted as soon after the Easter holidays as +weather is warm enough, and two days a week the river masters +attend at Cuckoo Weir for ‘Passing.’ This examination (so +much pleasanter than any other) is conducted as follows: a +number of boys whom the waterman thinks proficient enough +appear undressed in a punt. A pole is stuck up in the water +(which is out of depth at the place) about thirty yards off; the +master stands on a high place called Acropolis, and as he calls +the name, each in turn takes a header and swims round the +pole once or twice. He must not only be able to take a header +and swim the distance, but must also swim in approved form so +as to be capable of swimming in his clothes. Since ‘passing’ +was established there has been only one boy drowned, though +many are swamped under all kinds of circumstances. A boy +who has not passed belongs to the class called ‘non nant.’</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig230" id="Fig230"></a> +<img src="images/illo230.png" alt="Rowing on the Thames near Windsor" width="500" height="337" /> +<p class="caption">OFF THE BROCAS.</p></div> + +<p>The Thames at Eton has changed somewhat from what it +was in the ‘old times.’ Boveney and Bray Locks were made +in 1839, and before that the river was much more rapid, and +there was no sandbank at Lower Hope. At the weir below +Windsor Bridge the fall of water was not so great as it is now, +and many a boy used to amuse himself in the dangerous adventure +of shooting the weir in a skiff or funny.</p> + +<p>Although boating was formally recognised by the masters in +1840, it is a fact that the first race honoured by the presence of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> +a headmaster was the Sculling Sweepstakes in 1847, when Dr. +Hawtrey was rowed in a boat to see the racing by two undermasters, +the Rev. H. Dupuis and Mr. Evans.</p> + +<p>From time immemorial there was a ten-oar and several +eight and six-oared boats, with regular crews, captains and +steerers. In the early state of things a waterman always rowed +stroke and drilled or coached the crew, and this practice was +continued with some of the eights till 1828, and after that the +captain of each crew rowed the stroke oar. The crews had +to subscribe for the waterman’s pay, his beer, and clothes. The +best remembered watermen were Jack Hall, ‘Paddle’ Brads, +Piper, Jack Haverley, Tom Cannon and Fish. There were +upper boats manned by sixth and fifth form boys, and lower +boats originally with six oars for lower boys. A lower boy +could not get into the upper boats however well he might +row. From more recent times no lower boy can get into the +‘boats’ at all, but must content himself with his own lock-up +skiff, gig, or outrigger. We should explain here that a lock-up +means a boat which a boy, for himself or jointly with a friend, +hires for the summer half and keeps exclusively. The boat-builders +also allow other boats (not lock-ups) to be used indiscriminately +on payment of a less sum, which are called ‘chance +boats.’ Boys in the ‘boats’ generally also have a lock-up or +outrigger of their own, or jointly with others.</p> + +<p>The ten-oar was always called the ‘Monarch,’ and is the head +boat in all processions. The captain of the boats rows stroke +of the ‘Monarch,’ and until 1830 the second captain rowed +nine. After that date the second captain became captain of +the second boat. The boats themselves bore certain names. In +the early lists (none exist earlier than 1824) the ‘Britannia’ +was the second boat, and in that year there were five upper +boats, ‘Hibernia,’ ‘Etonian,’ and ‘Nelson’ being the other three. +And the lower boats with six oars were the ‘Defiance,’ ‘Rivals,’ +and ‘Victory.’ The following year there were only three +upper boats, which has remained the custom till this day, +except in 1832, when there was a fourth upper boat called the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> +‘Adelaide.’ The ‘Victory’ has always been the second boat +since 1834. And the favourite names of other boats whose places +have changed in different years are the ‘Rivals,’ ‘Prince of Wales,’ +‘Trafalgar,’ ‘Prince George,’ ‘Thetis,’ and ‘Dreadnought.’ There +has never been any difficulty in getting crews for the one ten-oar +and seven eight-oared boats, and in fact the names put +down usually have exceeded the number of vacancies. In +1869 an additional boat was put on in consequence of the +collegers being allowed to join, and in 1877 the ‘Alexandra’ was +added to the list owing to the increased number of entries. Before +1869 the collegers had fours and sometimes an eight to +themselves, but did not join the procession of the boats; and as +they did not belong to the oppidan ‘boats’ they could not row in +the eight of the school.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a +href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> But they rowed some successful matches +against University men on several occasions. There was never +any racing between collegers and oppidans, and the collegers +could only race between themselves. Before 1840 they kept +their boats at a wharf by the playing fields and had a bathing +place there. They used to row down to Datchet and Bells of +Ouseley, but from that time were forbidden to go below bridge +and were put on the same recognised footing as oppidans.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> In 1864, however, Marsden, a colleger, rowed in the eight, though +collegers were still excluded from the boats.</p></div> + +<p>As soon as the boys return to school after the Christmas holidays +a large card is placed at Saunders’ shop, on which those fifth +and sixth form who wish to join and are not then in the boats inscribe +their names. There is some excitement for a time while +the captain of the boats appoints the captain to each boat, which +he does usually in the order of ‘choices’ (a term which is explained +hereafter) of the previous year; but sometimes it is +thought best to put a high ‘choice’ or two in the ‘Victory’ and +appoint as captain of some of the lower boats some good fellow +who is not likely to get into the eight of the school, in order +that when the eight is practising these boats should have the +advantage of their captains to take them out. The captain of +the lower boats ranks higher than the captain of the third upper<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span> +boat. The crew of the ‘Monarch’ (ten-oar) is then selected by +the captain of the boats, and he places a high choice as ‘nine,’ +that position being considered about the fifth highest place. +His crew is chosen not of the best oars, for they are always +placed in the ‘Victory’ or second boat, but usually of boys high +up in the school, and sometimes a good cricketer or two gets +a place in the Easter half and leaves it afterwards. The captain +of the cricket eleven is almost always formally asked to take +an oar in the ten. The second captain then makes up his crew, +then the captain of the third upper, and so on. Each captain +has to submit his list to the captain of the boats, who advises +him on his selection. The steerers are chosen in the same +order, and the best steerer (who is also to have the honour of +steering the eight of the school) always steers the ten. The +crews are always selected on what is known of their merits as good +oars, and there is never any preference given to favouritism +or rank. When the lists are all made out they are printed +and published in the ‘Boating Calendar.’</p> + +<p>Boating begins on March 1 ‘after twelve,’ unless the weather +is excessively bad, or the river unusually high, when it has to +be stopped for a few days. It ends practically at the summer +holidays. The half from after the summer holidays till Christmas +is devoted to football and fives. Before the Easter holidays +the long boats only are allowed, but towards the end of +that half some fours are allowed by special permission of the +river master. We remember a four going out in this half +without permission and an attempt being made to row up to +Maidenhead when lock-up was at 6.30, but it was swamped in +Bray Lock and the crew had to walk or run home; on their +way they met the river master, and he gave them all 200 lines +to write out, though the day being very cold he might have +thought them sufficiently punished by the ducking they had got.</p> + +<p>The first day opens with a procession of all the boats to +Surly Hall; each crew dressed in flannel shirt and straw hats +of different colours, and the name of the boat on the hatband. +The last boat starts first, then the others in inverse order to +their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span> +places, and after rowing a short way they ‘easy all’ and await +the ten-oar, which pursues an uninterrupted course to Boveney +Lock, followed by the others in their proper order. All go +into the lock together, and then on to Surly Hall, where they +land, play games, and perhaps drink a glass of beer. ‘Oars’ are +called by the captain after about twenty minutes or half an hour, +and all go back in the same processional order. Before locks +were built there was always a sort of race from Rushes to Surly, +each boat trying to catch and bump the one before it, and the fun +was to try and get the rudders off and have a regular jostle. +After 12 there is not time to get further than Surly, but on a +half-holiday after 4 several of the boats get to Monkey Island, +and occasionally when lock-up was at 6.30 there was time for +an eight to row to Maidenhead. The distance from Windsor +Bridge to Rushes is 1 mile 6 furlongs, to Boveney Lock 2 miles +1<sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> furlong, to Surly (about) 3 miles, to Monkey 4 miles 3 +furlongs, to Bray Lock 5 miles, to Maidenhead 6 miles.</p> + +<p>The usual practice is for the eights to go out occasionally +with the captain steering and coaching them, and for long rows +to Surly or Monkey. In the summer half there is so much +practising for races that the upper boats seldom get a row with +their proper crews. The boys who ‘wet bob’ and are not in +the boats row in skiffs, gigs, or outriggers to the bathing-places +and to Surly, or paddle about from Brocas to Lower Hope. +Canoes, punting, and sailing are not allowed. On June 4 +(and formerly on Election Saturday) there is a procession in the +evening, and the crews wear striped cotton shirts, straw hats +lettered, and sailors’ jackets. The steerers are dressed as +admirals, captains or midshipmen of the Royal Navy, and have +a large bouquet of flowers; we need not further describe the +well-known scene. On the three Check nights of old days the +upper boats went to Surly in the evening to partake of ducks +and green peas, and were joined by the lower boats as they +came home all dressed in 4th June costume.</p> + +<p>The captain of the boats is the acknowledged ‘swell’ of +the school. He has unlimited power over the boats, managing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> +and controlling all affairs connected with them; as treasurer +and secretary he keeps the accounts, and writes a journal of the +races and events. No one disputes his authority. No money +can be levied without the authority of the headmaster. The +changes effected in 1861 in abolishing Check nights and Oppidan +dinner were ordered and carried out by him without the least +idea that anyone might have objected. He was always asked +to play <i>ex officio</i> in the collegers’ and oppidans’ football match if +he was anything of a good football player, and in the cricket +match whether he could play cricket or not. He still manages +the foot races of the school. It has happened four times that +a boy has been captain two years, and his power in his second +year is if possible greater than ever.</p> + +<p>The eight of the school are the best rowers, whether captains +or not, and are alone entitled to wear white flannel trousers +and the light blue coats. Now that the race at Henley is an +institution they are selected for that event. Before the Radley +race of 1858 there was no regular race, and if a casual crew +came down to row it was generally without the challenge being +given long beforehand, so that no training could take place. +The last race of the season was upper eights, the captain and +second captain tossing up for first choice and choosing alternately; +the first eight choices were generally the eight, and paper lists +were given out afterwards of these choices which ruled the +position of the boys who stayed on for the next year.</p> + +<p>The earliest school event we hear of was a race against a +Christ Church four in 1819, which was won by the Eton four.</p> + +<p>An attempt was made in 1820 to have a match against +Westminster; the challenge from them was accepted, and an +eight chosen, but the authorities forbade it. The first race +between the two schools was rowed on July 27, 1829, from +Putney Bridge to Hammersmith and back, and was won easily +by Eton, and Westminster were beaten at Maidenhead in 1831, +at Staines in 1836, and at Putney in 1843 and 1847. Eton +were beaten by Westminster at Datchet in 1837, and at Putney +in 1842, 1845, and 1846. From 1847 till 1858 there were races<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span> +only against scratch crews, and Oxford or Cambridge colleges. +In 1858 a match, which was thought a grand event at the time, +was rowed on the Henley course against Radley and won by +Eton. In 1860, 1861, 1862, and 1864 the Westminster race +was revived and was rowed from Putney Bridge to Chiswick +Eyot, and Eton was so easily the winner that it has not been +thought worth while to continue this match.</p> + +<p>In 1860 Mr. Warre came to Eton as an assistant master, +and at the request of the captain of the boats assisted him to +arrange the Westminster race, and engaged to coach the eight. +It was with his assistance that Dr. Goodford was persuaded +to allow the eight to go to Henley Regatta in 1861, and the +tacit understanding was made that if the authorities would allow +this, and also the boating bill by which two long boats might +escape six o’clock absence and have time to row to Cliefden, +the boats would give up Oppidan dinner and Check nights. +Mr. Warre, with the greatest kindness and with unremitting +zeal and energy, first coached the eight for the Westminster +races, and then continued coaching for the Henley Regatta +evening after evening during their training every year for +twenty-four years, until he was appointed headmaster. The +Rev. S. A. Donaldson has since undertaken the coaching. +University men at first disliked the appearance of Eton at +Henley. Old oarsmen thought it would ruin the regatta, as men +would hate to be beaten by boys. Masters predicted that the +coaching by a master would spoil the boys, but time has dissipated +these objections, and the Regatta has flourished better +than ever.</p> + +<p>It will be seen that Eton has on several occasions beaten +trained college and other crews without winning the plate, and we +may fairly say that her place on the river is about equal to that +of the best colleges. After all, the boys are boys of seventeen +and eighteen, and if they are not as strong or heavy as men a +year or two older, they have the advantage of practically always +being in training, are easily got together, and are living a +regular and active life.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></p> +<h4><span class="smcap">Results of Henley Regatta.</span></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 210-211"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">Year</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Race</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Eton was beaten by</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Eton beat</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Average<br />Weight<br />of Eton<br />crew</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">lb.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Trinity College, Oxford</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">9</td> +<td class="right top padr0">12</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">University College, Oxford</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">7</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">University College, Oxford</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Trinity Hall, Cambridge;<br />Brasenose, Oxford;<br />Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">7</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br padr1">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Trinity Hall, Cambridge;<br />Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">6</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">London R. C.; Third Trinity,<br />Cambridge</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">4</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Third Trinity, Cambridge<br />(by a foul)</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br padr1">Oxford Etonians; London R.C.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">First Trinity or Black Prince,<br />Cambridge; Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">9</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="center top br">(scratched)</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">7</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley</td> +<td colspan="3" class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">London R.C.</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">University College, Oxford;<br />Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">8</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">University College, Oxford;<br />Pembroke College, Cambridge</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Oxford Etonians</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">10</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Lady Margaret, Cambridge</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">London R.C.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Dublin Trinity College</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">9</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Oxford Etonians; London R.C.</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Dublin Trinity College<br />Oscillators</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Pembroke College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Jesus College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">London R.C.</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Balliol College, Oxford</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">9</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Dublin Trinity College</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1874<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">London R. C.</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">First Trinity, Cambridge;<br />B.N.C., Oxford; Thames<br />R.C.</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">7</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">First Trinity, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Dublin Trinity College</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">5</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Caius College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">3</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Jesus College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Cheltenham</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Jesus College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Cheltenham</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">5</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Lady Margaret, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Hertford College, Oxford</td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Trinity Hall, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Exeter College, Oxford; Caius<br />College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right top padr0">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">7</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Grand Challenge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Leander R.C.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">1</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">First Trinity, Cambridge</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Trinity Hall, Cambridge;<br />Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">10</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Christ Church, Oxford</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Caius College,Cambridge;<br />Radley</td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">5</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate<br />(winners)</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Oriel College, Oxford;<br />Corpus College, Oxford</td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">5</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Pembroke College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Radley; Bedford</td> +<td class="right top padr1">10</td> +<td class="right top padr0">12</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td class="center top bl br">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Ladies’ Plate</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Trinity Hall, Cambridge</td> +<td class="left padl1 top br">Hertford College, Oxford</td> +<td class="right top padr1">11</td> +<td class="right top padr0">1</td> +<td class="left top padl0 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p>The eight are permitted during training below bridge at +Datchet. Of the races at the school in old times, upper sixes +was the great event. It was rowed from Brocas up to Surly +and back before the lock was made, and in after times round +Rushes. All races were rowed round a turning point, and +there was more or less bumping. There were no rules of +racing then, and bumping or jostling, knocking off a rudder, +and foul play of any kind was part of the fun; the only object +was to get in first anyhow. There was a match in 1817<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span> +between a four of Mr. Carter’s house and four watermen which +caused great excitement, and was unexpectedly won by the boys. +Two sides of college, and dames and tutors, were annual events, +but were done away with in 1870. Tutors had won thirteen, and +dames the same number of races. There used to be an annual +punting race, but punting was forbidden after 1851. One of +the masters used to give a prize for tub-sculling, in which about +100 or more started and afforded great amusement. This was +before outrigged sculling and pair-oared boats were much used, +and since they became fashionable there have been junior pairs +and junior sculling. House fours as a regular institution was +begun in 1857, when the Challenge cup was procured by means +of a school subscription. In 1876 trial eights were first rowed, +and the race took place in the Easter half. There are challenge +prizes for the house fours and for the sculling and pulling, as +the pair-oar outrigger race is called. The number of races had +to be curtailed owing to the time taken to train the eight for +Henley. The four and eight-oared races start from Rushes, and +are rowed down stream; total distance 1 mile 6 furlongs. The +pulling and sculling races start from Brocas and go round a +ryepack at Rushes and back, a distance of 3 miles 4 furlongs. +The winning point is always Windsor Bridge. The Brocas is +the name given to the field between the railway and the boathouses, +and is so called from the family of Brocas, who used +to own the property. The times vary so much with the state +of the river that little comparison can be made between +the merits of individual oarsmen or scullers. It takes about +7<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> minutes for an eight to row down from Rushes with a +fair stream, and about 8 minutes 20 seconds for a four. A +good sculler can get round Rushes and back in about 20 to 21 +minutes. Pair-oared rowing without coxswains was introduced +in 1863, and a good pair now wins in 19 to 20 minutes. Fours +still continue to carry coxswains.</p> + +<p>The boats themselves that are used are very different now +from what they were forty years ago. Up to 1839 they were still +built of oak (a very heavy wood), and measured fifty-two feet in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span> +length and were painted all over. The first outriggers used in +the University boat race in 1846 were built in streaks, and it +was not until 1857 that both University crews rowed in the +present sort of boats with smooth skins made of mahogany +without keels and with round loomed oars. The first time an +outrigger was used at Eton was in 1852, and until 1860 the +‘Victory’ was the only one in regular use: all the other eights +and fours were built with streaks and had rowlocks in the gunwale, +with a half-outrigger for stroke and bow. The ten-oar had +half-outriggers in that year, but soon afterwards all the eights +became fully outrigged. Sliding seats were first used about +1874. The builders were Mr. Searle, Tolliday, and Goodman. +Perkins, better known for many years by the sobriquet of +‘Sambo,’ has now become owner of Mr. Searle’s premises.</p> + +<p>In the old-fashioned boats rowing was to a certain extent +done in an old-fashioned style. The boats went steadily along +without any spring to the first touch of the oars in the water. +The stroke was rapid forward, but became a slow drag from the +first dash of the oar into the water till recovered. Now the +boat leaps to the catch, whereas when the first note was +sounded by a University oarsman to ‘catch the beginning,’ the +Eton boy in the old heavy boat found it impossible to respond. +But Eton boys knew what was meant by Mr. Warre when they +got the celebrated Mat Taylor boat in 1860, and soon learned +the new style. The stroke became quicker, the recovery sharp, +and every nerve was strained to cover the blade of the oar at +the first touch in the water when the whole pull had to be made. +From the time when the watermen used to coach and row, no +regular coaching had been done by anyone but the captains. +A neat and traditional style was handed down with all the +essential points of good oarsmanship. But the art of propelling +the Mat Taylor, and boats afterwards used of the same sort of +type, was taught by Mr. Warre.</p> + +<p>We have alluded to the doubts at first in the minds of old +Etonians about the eight going to Henley, and the great changes +effected at that time. No one now will say that it was anything<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> +but unmixed good for the school. The convivial entertainments +of Check nights and Oppidan dinners had already become institutions +of a past age. Drinking and smoking had died out, and +all that was wanted to stir the boys from lounging about in +their skiffs under willow bushes and back streams was the excitement +of a great annual race and the effort to qualify for a +place in the eight. There have almost always been Eton men +in the University crews, and since 1861 there have sometimes +been as many as five in one crew, and certainly as many, if not +more, in every ‘Varsity’ race. Eton has always had its full share +of the Presidentships. Third Trinity, Cambridge, has never +ceased to hold its own in a high position on the Cam, and we +have never heard a word of any deterioration, and much the +other way, of the moral effect on the boys of being coached +during their training. The special advantage of having the +river as a recreation place in addition to the playing fields puts +Eton to the front in athletics among our public schools; and +the use of varieties of boats from early life, under all sorts of +difficulties, on a rapid stream, and having to keep his proper +side to avoid other craft, makes the ‘Wet bob’ a first class +waterman. <i>Floreat Etona.</i></p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Captains of the Boats and Notable Events.</span></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 214-216"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1 bl br">Year</td> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1 br">Captain of the Boats</td> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1 br">Notable Events</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1812</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. Simson</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1814</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">R. Wyatt</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1815</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Hill</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1816</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Bridgeman Simpson</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1816</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">M. Bligh</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1817</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. O. Secher</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1818</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. H. Tuckfield</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1819</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">R. Tuckfield</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1820</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Lord Dunlo</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1821</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">M. Ashley</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1822</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. A. Kinglake</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1823</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">P. J. Nugent</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1824</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. Carew</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1825</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">A. Leith</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1825</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">M. Clifford</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1826</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Staniforth</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1827<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a +name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span></td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. H. Taunton</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1828</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Edwardes-Moss</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1829</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Lord Alford</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1830</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. H. Ackers</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1831</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. M. Roupell</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster; beaten by Leander</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1832</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">E. Moore</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1833</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. Arkwright</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1834</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. Quicke</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1835</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">E. Stanley</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1836</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">E. Fellowes</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1837</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. J. Garnett</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1838</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">P. J. Croft</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1839</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. C. Rayer</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1840</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. R. Harris-Arundell</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Old Etonians, and an Oxford Etonian Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1841</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. R. Harris-Arundell</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Cambridge Subscription Room</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1842</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">F. J. Richards</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1843</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">F. E. Tuke</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1844</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. W. Codrington</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1845</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">H. A. F. Luttrell</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1846</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. F. Luttrell</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1847</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. H. Miller</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster; beaten by Thames in Putney Regatta</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1848</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">H. H. Tremayne</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1849</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">R. B. H. Blundell</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1850</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. M. Robertson</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat scratch Cambridge crew; beaten by Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1851</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. B. H. Blundell</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1852</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. H. R. Trefusis</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by an Oxford crew</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1853</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. J. Harding</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1854</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. C. Moore</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat a scratch Oxford crew</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1855</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">R. L. Lloyd</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by a Cambridge crew and by Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1856</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. S. F. Lane-Fox</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat an Oxford and Cambridge mixed crew by a foul, and beaten by an Oxford eight</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1857</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Baring</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by an Oxford eight</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1858</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Mr. Lawless<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a +href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Radley at Henley</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1859</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. A. Wynne</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1860</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">R. H. Blake Humfrey<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a +href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1861</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">R. H. Blake Humfrey</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster and Radley; beaten by Trinity College, Cambridge</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1862</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. B. Lawes</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Westminster and Radley; beaten by University College at Henley</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1863</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. R. Griffiths</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Trinity Hall, Brasenose, and Radley; beaten by University College at Henley</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1864<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a +name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span></td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">S. C. Cockran</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Radley, and won Ladies’ Plate at Henley</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1865</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. Mossop</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1866</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">E. Hall</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate against Black Prince, Cambridge</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1867</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">W. D. Benson</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate against Radley</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1868</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">J. M’Clintock-Bunbury</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate against University College and Pembroke, Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1869</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Edwardes-Moss</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate against Lady Margaret, Cambridge</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1870</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">F. A. Currey</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate against Dublin Trinity College</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1871</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">F. C. Ricardo</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won heats of Grand Challenge and of Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1872</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">E. R. S. Bloxsome</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1873</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Edwardes-Moss</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won first heat of Grand Challenge against Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1874</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">T. Edwardes-Moss</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won second heat of Grand Challenge against First Trinity, Cambridge, and B.N.C., Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1875</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">A. J. Mulholland</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Dublin in Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1876</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. Cunard</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Caius College, Cambridge, in Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1876</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">S. Sandbach</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1877</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">M. F. G. Wilson</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beat Cheltenham, but beaten by Jesus College for Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1878</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. Grenville-Grey</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won second heat against Cheltenham; beaten by Jesus College in final for Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1879</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">L. R. West</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won second heat against Hertford College; beaten by Lady Margaret in final for Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1880</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. C. Bourne</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won first heat, beaten by Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in final for Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1881</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">G. C. Bourne</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1882</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">F. E. Churchill</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate, after interval of twelve years</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1883</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">H. S. Close</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won first heat Ladies’ Plate; lost with broken stretcher in final</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1884</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">H. McLean</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1885</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. Barclay</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Won Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1886</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">C. T. Barclay</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Pembroke College in final for Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1887</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Lord Ampthill</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Beaten by Second Trinity Hall in final for Ladies’ Plate</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td class="center top bl br padl1 padr1">1888</td> +<td class="left top padl1 padr1 br">Lord Ampthill</td> +<td class="center top br">—</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span +class="label">[15]</span></a> Now Lord Gloncurry.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span +class="label">[16]</span></a> Changed his name to Mason.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XVI.</h2> + +<h3>WATERMEN AND PROFESSIONALS.</h3> + +<p>The London waterman is the oldest type of professional oarsmanship. +He was called into existence for the purpose of locomotion, +and race-rowing was a very secondary consideration +with him in the first instance. Just as in the present day +credentials of respectability are required by the Commissioners +of Police of drivers of cabs and omnibuses (and none may ply +for hire in these capacities within the metropolis unless duly +licensed), so in olden days great stress was laid on the due qualification +of watermen. An aspirant was and is required to serve +seven years’ apprenticeship before he can be ‘free’ of the river, +and until he is ‘free’ of it he may not ply for hire upon it +under heavy penalties for so doing. This regulation is in the +interests of public safety. If apprentices exhibit special talent +for rowing they can win what are called ‘coats and badges,’ +given by certain corporate bodies, and by so doing they can +take up their ‘freedom’ without paying fees for the privilege. +We believe that no such restrictions exist on our other British +rivers. The rule survives on the Thames because in olden times +the Thames was a highway for passenger traffic in ‘wherries.’ +In those times, where a passenger would now go to a thoroughfare +or call a cab, he would have gone to the nearest ‘stairs’ +and have hailed a wherry. London had not then grown to its +present dimensions, and the Thames lay conveniently as a highway +between Westminster, the City, and the docks.</p> + +<p>Amateurs began to take up rowing early in the present +century as a sport; and these contests seem to have fostered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> +the idea of match-making among watermen. The title of a +Champion of the Thames seems first to have been held by one +R. Campbell, who beat C. Williams, another waterman, in a +match on September 9, 1831, and also beat R. Coombes in a +match the date of which is doubtful, but it was in heavy boats. +Campbell was a powerful and heavy man, while Coombes +weighed less that ten stone. Coombes turned the tables on +Campbell a few years later (in 1846), and for some years +Coombes was held to be invincible. In those times London +watermen could, at scratch, man an eight to hold or even beat +the best trained crew of amateurs. The original waterman’s +wherry was a vehicle of conveyance; it was of much greater +size than would be required to carry one man alone in a sheer +contest for speed, but so soon as ‘racing’ came into vogue +among watermen, lighter craft were built for matches, and were +called ‘wager’ boats. The hull of the wherry was constructed +as narrow as possible, and the sides flared out just at the greatest +beam, so as to allow of sufficient width to carry the rowlocks +with the requisite leverage for the sculls. This detail has already +been treated in <a href="#Page_142">Chapter XI.</a> under the head of ‘boat building.’</p> + +<p>Coombes had been beaten by Campbell in old-fashioned +wherries, such as could be used for the business of conveying +passengers. When he in turn defeated Campbell both men used +‘wager boats.’ The time came when years told on Coombes, +and he had to yield to his own pupil Cole. Coombes was not +convinced by his defeat, and made another match, but Cole +this time won with greater ease. They rowed in ‘outriggers’ +on these occasions. Cole in turn succumbed to Messenger of +Teddington in 1855, and two years later Harry Kelley, the best +waterman the Thames ever produced, either as an oarsman or +as a judge of rowing, beat Messenger. Up to this time London +watermen had been considered invincible at sculling. Harry +Clasper had produced four-oar crews from the Tyne to oppose +Coombes and his four, but no Tyne sculler had dared to lay +claim to the Championship. However, in 1859 Robert Chambers +was matched with Kelley, and to the horror of the Thames<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span> +men their favourite was beaten, and with considerable ease. +The Tyne man was the bigger, and had a very long sweep with +his sculls; on that day he showed to great advantage, the more +so because Kelley was not sculling up to his best form. Defeated +men can always suggest excuses for failure, and Kelley, +for years after that race, averred that he had not been beaten +on his merits; he had been kept waiting a long time at the post, +and was cold and stiff at the start. In those days, whether in +University matches or in public sculling races, the lead was a +matter of special importance. In the first place the old code +of rules were in force, which enabled a leading sculler to take +his opponent’s water, to wash him, to retain the captured course, +and to compel his adversary to row round him in order to pass +him. Secondly, and even more important, was the action of +the crowds of steamers which followed such races. The Thames +Conservancy had no control over them, and they would lie +half-way up Putney Reach waiting for a race, and then steam +alongside of or even ahead of the sternmost competitor. Their +paddles drew away the water from him, and caused him literally +to row uphill. Under such circumstances even the champion +of the day would have found it next to impossible to overhaul +even an apprentice sculler, if the latter were in clear water ahead +of the steamer fleet and the former were a few lengths behind +in the ‘draw’ of the paddles.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig248" id="Fig248"></a> +<img src="images/illo248.png" alt="River scene with old-fashioned waterman" width="500" height="322" /> +<p class="caption">THAMES WATERMAN—CIRC. 1825.</p></div> + +<p>All this was well known, and could be seen any day in an +important Thames race (the hollowness of the Oxford wins +of 1861 and 1862 against Cambridge was undoubtedly owing +to the treatment which the Cantabs experienced from the +steamers when once the lead had become decisive). Kelley +argued to his friends that all that could be said of the race was +that he could not go as fast that day as Chambers for the first +mile, and that after this point, whether or not he could have +rowed down his opponent was an open question, for the +steamers never gave him a chance of fair play. However, for +a long time Kelley could not find backers for a new match. +Meantime, Tom White and Everson in turn tried their luck<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span> +against Chambers and were hopelessly beaten. In 1863 Green +the Australian came to England to make a match with Chambers. +Green was a square, powerful man, about Kelley’s height, but a +stone heavier. He sculled upright in body, and with too much +arm work for staying power, and did not make enough use of +his body, especially as to swing back at the end of the stroke. +He sculled a fast stroke, and so long as his arms lasted went +a tremendous pace. Kelley and he fraternised, and practised +together. When the match came off against Chambers, Green +went right away for a mile, and then maintained his lead of +three or more clear lengths for another half-mile. Chambers +sculled rather below his form at first, wildly, as if flurried at +being so easily led, but off Craven he settled down to his old +long sweep, and held Green. The end came suddenly; off the +Soap Works Green collapsed, clean rowed out, and Chambers +finished at his leisure. This match did Kelley good with his +friends, for they knew that he could always in private practice +go by Green after a mile or so had been sculled, quite as easily +as Chambers eventually had done. Proposals were broached +for a match between the cracks of the Thames and Tyne, and +although the Tyne party pressed to have the race on the Tyne, +they gave way at last, and the venue was the Thames. The +stakes were 200<i>l.</i> a side, as usual in Champion matches, and +there was also a staked ‘bet’ of 300<i>l.</i> to 200<i>l.</i> on Chambers. +(The race was on August 8, 1865.) The Tyne man was a +strong favourite at the start, but Kelley got away with the lead, +and was never again caught, winning cleverly by four lengths, +and sculling in form such as was never seen before or after, on +old-fashioned fixed seats. Just at this time there was a speedy +Tyne sculler called Cooper; he lately had sculled a mile match +with Chambers on the Tyne, and Chambers had won by <i>one +yard</i> only, in a surf which was all in favour of the bigger man +(Chambers). A week or two after the aforesaid Champion +race, Kelley, Cooper, and Chambers met for a 300<i>l.</i> sweepstake +(specially got up for these three men, over the two-mile tidal +course of the ‘Eau Brink Cut’ at King’s Lynn). Both Kelley<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span> +and Chambers had been indulging a little after their Champion’s +training. Cooper, who had been lately beaten by Chambers in +the Thames Regatta, for a 50<i>l.</i> purse (Hammersmith to Putney), +was very fit, and jumped away from both the cracks. Chambers +was short of wind, and was never in the race. Kelley stuck to +Cooper, and rowed him down half a mile from the finish. +Cooper then rowed across Kelley, fouled him, and drove him +ashore. Cooper was properly disqualified on the foul. Next +year Hammill the American came over to scull Kelley, and the +races took place on the Tyne. One race was end on end, and +the other round a stake boat. Kelley won each race with utter +ease. Hammill’s style was an exaggeration of Green’s, all arm +work, and a stroke up to 55 a minute at the start. About this +time J. Sadler was rising to fame. He had been a chimney-sweep, +and afterwards was ‘Jack in the water’ to Simmonds’ +yard at Putney. He, unfortunately for himself, exposed much +of his merits when rowing for the Thames Regatta Sculls in +1865, and instead of making a profitable series of matches up the +scale, beginning with third-rate opponents, he had to make his +first great match with T. Hoare, who was reputed second only +to Kelley on the Thames. Sadler beat Hoare easily, and was +at the close of 1866 matched to scull Chambers for the Championship, +Kelley having ‘retired’ from the title (Kelley and +Sadler were allies at the time, and Sadler was Kelley’s pupil). +In the match Sadler went well and fast at Hammersmith, and +then tired, fouled Chambers, and lost the race.</p> + +<p>In the following year Kelley and Chambers were once more +matched. Kelley came out of his retirement in consequence +of some wrangling which had arisen out of the previous defeat +of his pupil Sadler by Chambers. The new match took place on +the Tyne, on a rough day and with a bad tide, on May 6. Kelley +won and with some ease. It was evident that Chambers was no +longer the man that he had been. He never again sculled for +the Championship, but he took part in the Paris International +Regatta in July of the same year. Very soon after this his lungs +showed extensive disease, and he gradually sank of decline.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span><i>En passant</i> we may say of Chambers that, apart from grand +physique and science as an oarsman, he displayed qualities +throughout his career which would stamp him as a model for +champions of the present day. He was always courteous, never +puffed up with success, never overbearing, and yet at the same +time always fondly confident in his own powers and stamina. +A more honourable man never sat in a boat. The writer recalls +a little incident as characteristic of Chambers. Just before the +1865 match against Kelley, he accosted Chambers at Putney +and asked him if he wished to sell his boat after the match. +(It was a common practice for Tyne scullers to do this, to save +the cost of conveyance back to the Tyne.) Chambers replied, +he would sell her. The writer asked if he might try her after +the race. ‘Hoot mon,’ said Chambers, ‘try her noo, if ye like.’ +Now the writer was known to be an ally of Kelley (who usually +accompanied him when training on the tideway for sculling +races). In these days we much doubt whether any championship +candidate would allow a third person—whether amateur +or professional—known to be in sympathy with his opponent, +to set foot in his racing craft on the eve of a match. Nothing +would be easier than to have an ‘accident’ with her; and all +scullers know that to have to adopt a strange boat on the day +of a match would be a most serious drawback. That Chambers +never for a moment harboured such suspicion of his rivals shows +that he judged them by his own faultless standard of fair play.</p> + +<p>Not that we suggest for an instant that amateurs of this or +of former days were ever suspected of being prone to foul play, +but none the less do we believe that in these days few scullers +in such a position as Chambers would have made the gratuitous +offer which he did upon the occasion referred to.</p> + +<p>In the autumn of 1867, Kelley and his pupil, J. Sadler, fell +out; the result was a Champion match between them. On the +first essay Kelley came in first after having been led, and having +fairly tired Sadler out. But a foul had occurred when Kelley +was giving Sadler the go-by, and the referee was unable to +decide which was in the wrong. He accordingly ordered them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span> +to row again next day. The articles of the match provided for +a start by ‘mutual consent,’ and somehow Sadler did not ‘consent’ +at any moment when Kelley was ready. Strong opinions +were expressed by several persons who watched the affair from +the steamers, and eventually the referee ordered Kelley to row +over the course. The stakes were awarded to Kelley by the +referee, but Sadler brought an action against the stakeholder, +M. J. Smith, then proprietor of the ‘Sportsman’ newspaper. +The case became a <i>cause célèbre</i>. The Court decided that the +referee had acted <i>ultra vires</i> in awarding the stakes to Kelley, +inasmuch as he had not first taken the trouble to observe for +himself Sadler’s manœuvres at the starting post. He had +formed his opinion from hearsay and separate statements. +Eventually both parties withdrew their stakes.</p> + +<p>In the year 1868 a new sculler of extraordinary merit came +suddenly to the fore. The late Mr. J. G. Chambers, C.U.B.C., +had got up a revived edition of the old Thames professional +regattas, and with a liberal amount of added money. The +sculls race brought out all the best men of the day, and among +them Kelley; the distance was the full metropolitan course. +Renforth, a Tyne sculler, electrified all by the ease with which +he won. He was a heavier man than Kelley; he had a rather +cramped finish at the chest, but a tremendous reach and grip +forward. He slid on the seat to a considerable extent, especially +when spurting.</p> + +<p>Kelley was rather over weight at the time, and excuses were +made for him on this score. As a matter of prestige he had to +defend his title to the championship in a match, and he met +Renforth on November 17. He made a better fight on that +day than in the regatta sculls, but the youth and strength of +Renforth were too much for the old champion. Renforth remained +in undisputed possession until his death, which took +place under very tragic circumstances during a four-oared match +between an English and Canadian crew in Canada. The +Englishmen were well ahead, when Renforth, rowing stroke, +faltered, fainted, and died shortly after reaching shore. Some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span> +attributed his death to poison, some to epilepsy. The matter +remains a mystery.</p> + +<p>Sadler was now tacitly acknowledged to be the best sculler +left in the kingdom (Kelley having retired). But Sadler could +not claim the title of champion without winning it in a match. +At last, in 1874, a mediocre Tyne sculler named Bagnall was +brought out to row him for the title, and Sadler won easily +enough.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" +class="fnanchor">[17]</a> Next year R. W. Boyd was the hope of the Tyne. +He had a bad style for staying. He was all slide and no body +swing; his body at the end of the stroke was unsupported by +any leg work. So long as the piston action of his legs continued +he went fast, but when the legs began to tire he stopped +as if shot. His bad style was the result of his having taken to +a slide before he had mastered the first principles of rowing +upon a fixed seat, or had learned how to swing his body from +the hips. Sadler, on the other hand, had been rowing for years +on fixed seats before he ever saw a sliding seat; the veteran +did not discard his old body swing when he took to the slide, +but simply added slide to swing, whereas Boyd substituted slide +for swing. The difference in style between the two was most +marked when they showed in the race. Boyd had youth and +strength on his side. Sadler was getting old and stale, his hair +was grey, and he was not nearly so good as when he had rowed +Kelley in 1867 (save that the slide added mechanically to his +powers for speed). Boyd darted away with a long lead; before +a mile had been crossed his piston action began to flag and +his boat to go slower. Sadler plodded on, and when once up +to him left him as if standing still, led easily through Hammersmith +Bridge, and won hands down. Boyd never seemed to +profit by this lesson. He stuck to his bad style so long as he +was on the water, else he might have made a good sculler.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span +class="label">[17]</span></a> This was the first champion race rowed on sliding seats.</p></div> + +<p>In 1876 Australia once more challenged England. Sadler +was the holder of the championship, and Trickett was the crack +of Australia. The Australian was a younger and bigger man +than Sadler; he slid well, but he bent his arms much too early<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> +in the stroke. This would tend to tire them prematurely, and +if the pace could be kept up, Trickett would soon have realised +the effects of this salient fault of his. But Sadler was older, +staler, and more grizzled than ever. He made a poor fight +against Trickett, and a few weeks later in the Thames Regatta +Sculls he came in nowhere, finishing even behind old ‘Jock’ +Anderson, who never had been more than a third-rate sculler. +Enough was then seen to show that our best sculler, as to style, +was hopelessly old and stale, and that our new men, even if +faster than he, had no style to make them worthy to uphold +the old country’s honours on the water. Trickett returned to +Australia without trying conclusions with any other of our +scullers for the championship. He made a match with Lumsden, +a Tyne man, but the latter forfeited. If at the moment it +had been known that the Sadler of 1876 was some ten lengths +in the mile inferior to the Sadler of 1875, it is likely that Lumsden +would have gone to the post, and that some other British +sculler would also have endeavoured, while there was time, to +arrange a match with the Australian.</p> + +<p>The title of Champion of the World had now left England. +Sadler retired, and there was still an opening for candidature +for his abandoned title. As regards the now purely local +honours of the representatives of Britain in sculling, Mr. Charles +Bush, a well-known supporter of professional sculling, had +found a coal-heaver, by name Higgins, who had shown good +form in a Thames regatta, and was looked upon as the rising man +of the Thames. There was also a rising sculler of the name of +Blackman, who had won the Thames Regatta Sculls. Higgins +was matched for champion honours against Boyd, and the +match came off on May 20, 1877, The wind blew a gale from +S.W., and Boyd had the windward station. In such a cross +wind station alone sufficed to decide the race, and Boyd won +easily. The two met again on October 8 of the same year, +and Higgins proved himself the better stayer of the two. He +had a better idea of sliding than Boyd, and used his legs better +and swung farther back. Boyd stuck to his piston action, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span> +was rowed out in six minutes. They met a third time on the +following January 11, this time on the Tyne, and once more +Higgins won, after a foul. He was plainly the better man of +the two for any distance beyond a mile.</p> + +<p>In the succeeding summer a Durham pitman, one W. Elliott, +came out as a Championship candidate. He was short and +thick-set, and was decidedly clumsy at his first essay. He met +Higgins, and was beaten easily. He improved rapidly and +came out again the following September. The proprietors of +the ‘Sportsman’ had established a challenge cup, to be won by +three successive victories, under certain conditions. Higgins, +Boyd, and Elliott competed for it, and Elliott beat them both. +The final heat was on September 17. In the following year, +1879, Elliott and Higgins met on the Tyne, on February 21, +and once more Elliott held his own. He remained the representative +of British professional sculling until the arrival of +Edward Hanlan in this country.</p> + +<p>Hanlan first attracted notice at the Philadelphia regatta of +1876. Mr. R. H. Labat, of the Dublin University, London, and +Thames Rowing Clubs, took part in that regatta, and entered +into conversation with Hanlan. He, as one of the L.R.C. men, +lent Hanlan a pair of sculls for the occasion, and with them +Hanlan won the Open Professional Sculling Prize. He beat +among others one Luke, who had beaten Higgins in a trial heat. +Higgins was at the moment suffering from exertions in a four-oared +race earlier in the day, so that his defeat did not occasion +much surprise; but Mr. Labat on his return to England told +the writer of this chapter that in his opinion Hanlan was far and +away the best sculler he had ever seen, and that even if Higgins +had been fresh and fit, Hanlan would have been too good for +him. At that date Hanlan had not made his great reputation, +but the soundness of Mr. Labat’s estimate of his powers was +fully verified subsequently.</p> + +<p>In 1879 Hanlan, having beaten the best American scullers, +came to England to row for the ‘Sportsman’ Challenge Cup. He +commenced his career in England by beating a second-rate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> +northern sculler, in a sort of trial match; but this was only a +feeler before trying conclusions with Elliott. The two met on +the Tyne on June 16, and Elliott was simply ‘never in it.’ +Hanlan led him, played with him, and beat him as he liked.</p> + +<p>It did not require any very deep knowledge of oarsmanship +to enable a spectator to observe the vast difference which +existed between his style and that of such men as Boyd or +Elliott. Hanlan used his slide concurrently with swing, carrying +his body well back, with straight arms long past the perpendicular, +before he attempted to row the stroke in by bending the +arms. His superiority was manifest, and yet our British (professional) +scullers seemed wedded to this vicious trick of premature +slide and no swing, and doggedly declined to recognise +the maxim</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Fas est et ab hoste doceri.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>At that rate the two best British scullers were, in the writer’s +opinion, two amateurs—viz., Mr. Frank Playford, holder of the +Wingfield Sculls, and Mr. T. C. Edwardes-Moss, twice winner +of the Diamonds at Henley. Either of these gentlemen could +have made a terrible example of the best British professionals, +could amateur etiquette have admitted a match between the +two classes. The only time that these gentlemen met, Mr. +Playford proved the winner, over the Wingfield course. A sort +of line as to relative merit between amateur and professional +talent is gained by recalling Mr. Edwardes-Moss’s victory for +the Diamond Sculls in 1878. In that year he met an American, +Lee, then self-styled an amateur, but who now openly practises +as a professional, and who is quite in the first flight of that class +in America. He could probably beat any English professional of +to-day, or at least make a close fight with our best man. When +the two met at Henley Mr. Edwardes-Moss was by no means +in trim to uphold the honour of British sculling. He had gone +through three commemoration balls at Oxford about ten days +before the regatta. He had only an old sculling boat, somewhat +screwed and limp. He had lent her freely to Eton and +Windsor friends during the preceding summer, not anticipating<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> +that he would need her to race in again; but when the regatta +drew nigh he could find no boat to suit him, and had to make +shift with the old boat. In the race he had to give Lee the +inside, or Berks station; and all who have known Henley +Regatta are well aware of the advantage of that side; it gives +dead water for some hundreds of yards below Poplar Point, and +still further gains on rounding the point. Three lengths would +fairly represent the minimum of the handicap between the two +stations on a smooth day, such as that of the race. The two +scullers raced round the point, Lee leading slightly; but the +Oxonian caught him and just headed him on the post. Lee +stopped one stroke too soon, whether from exhaustion or error +is uncertain, but the performance plainly stamped the English +amateur as his superior, half trained and badly boated as he +was. Over a champion course, in a match, Lee would in his +Henley form have been a score or more lengths behind the +Oxonian.</p> + +<p>Enough can be guessed from these calculations to show that +there would have been a most interesting race, to say the least, +if it could have been arranged for a trial of power between Mr. +Playford and Hanlan. The latter sculler used to admit, so we +always understood, that the London Rowing Club sculler was +the only man he had seen whom he did not feel confident of +being able to beat.</p> + +<p>Hanlan’s style, good though it undoubtedly was, appeared +to even greater advantage when seen alongside of the miserable +form of our professionals. Hanlan was a well-made man, of +middle height, and a thoroughly scientific sculler. He was the +best exponent of sliding-seat sculling among professionals, only +a long way so; but we, who can recall Kelley and Chambers in +their best days, must hold to the opinion that the two latter +were, <i>ceteris paribus</i>, as good professors of fixed-seat sculling as +ever was Hanlan of the art on a slide. Had sliding seats been +in vogue in 1860, and the next half-dozen years, we believe that +Kelley and Chambers would have proved themselves capable of +doing much the same that Hanlan did in his own generation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span> +We have seen Kelley scull on a sliding seat. He was fat and +short of wind, and never attempted to make a study of the leg-work +of sliding; but, being simply an amateur at it, his style +was a model for all our young school to copy. Like all old +fixed-seat oarsmen who have attained merit in the old school, +he stuck to his traditional body swing, and added the slide to it, +as it were instinctively. There could hardly be a greater contrast +of action than to see scullers like Boyd or Blackman kicking +backwards and forwards, with piston action and helpless bodies +doubled up at the finish, and to observe, paddling within sight +of these, old stagers like Biffen and Kelley in a double-sculling +boat fitted with slides. It was easy to see that until the new +generation of British professionals could be taught first principles +of rowing on a fixed seat, there was small chance of their +ever acquiring the proper use of the slide as exemplified by +Hanlan.</p> + +<p>To return to Hanlan’s performances. The Championship +of the ‘World’ still rested in Trickett, who had further maintained +his title (since he had beaten Sadler), by defeating Rush +on the Paramatta, Sydney, on June 30, 1877. Rush had once +been the Australian champion; Trickett had beaten him before +tackling Sadler, and this was a new attempt by Rush to regain +his lost honours. Technically, Trickett could have claimed to +defend his title in his own country; but plenty of money was +forthcoming to recoup him for expenses of travel, and he assented +to meet Hanlan on the Thames for the nominal trophy of the +‘Sportsman’ Challenge Cup, but really for the wider honour of +champion of the world. The match came off on November 16, +1880, and Trickett was defeated with even greater ease than +Elliott on the Tyne.</p> + +<p>Just about this date a sculling regatta, open to the world, +was organised on the Thames. It was got up purely for commercial +purposes by a company called the ‘Hop Bitters,’ who +required to advertise their wares. Nevertheless, it produced good +sport. Hanlan did not compete in it. It came off only two days +after his match with Trickett. Our British scullers took part in it,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> +and with most humiliating results. Not one of them could gain a +place in the final heat, for which four prizes were awarded to the +four winners of trial heats. The four winners of the contest were +one and all either colonials or Americans, and the winner was +one Elias Laycock, also a Sydney man, and undoubtedly a better +sculler than Trickett, although the latter was the nominal champion +of Australia at the time. Laycock sculled in good style, so +far as leg-work and finish of the stroke; his body action was not +cramped, but he had not so long a swing as should, if possible, +be displayed by a man of his size. He scaled rather above +twelve stone. Wallace Ross, who finished second to him, after +leading him some distance, had been the favourite, and had +been reputed as only a trifle inferior to Hanlan. The forward +reach and first part of Ross’s stroke was as good as could be +wished, but he had a cramped, tiring, and ugly finish with his +arms and shoulders. When Laycock succeeded in beating +him a furore was created; Laycock’s staying powers were unmistakable, +and many who saw him fancied that his stamina +would enable him to give Hanlan trouble before the end of four +miles. Laycock himself was not endued with so high an opinion +of his own merits; but he was too game a man to shirk a contest +when it was proposed to him, and the result was that he +was soon matched to scull Hanlan.</p> + +<p>The match came off on the following February 14, 1881, +over the Thames course. Laycock stuck to his work all the +way, but was never in it for speed. Hanlan led from start +to finish, and won easily. A year later Hanlan was back in +England to row Boyd on the Tyne. Boyd’s friends fondly +fancied that he had developed some improvement, but it was a +delusion. Never was an oarsman more wedded to vicious style +and wanton waste of strength than the pet of the Tyne. The +race came off on April 3, 1882, and was, of course, an easy +paddle for Hanlan. The knowledge that Hanlan was going to +be again on English waters, brought about a return match +between him and Trickett. This was rowed on the Thames on +May 1 following, and once more the Canadian won easily.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>No one in Britain thought fit to challenge Hanlan again, +after the decisive manner in which he had disposed of all his +opponents; but in his own country he twice defended his title, +in 1883. On May 31 in that year he rowed J. L. Kennedy, a +comparatively new man, in Massachusetts, and beat him; and +on the following July 18 he once more met his old opponent, +Wallace Ross, on the St. Lawrence, and beat him, though after +a closer race than heretofore.</p> + +<p>In England about this time sculling had sunk even lower +among professionals than in the days when Boyd and Elliott +were the professors of the science. These men had retired; +there were sundry second and third class competitors for +champion honours, among them one Largan, who had been +to Australia to scull a match or two, and one Perkins, and one +Bubear. The latter at first was inferior to Perkins, and was a +man of delicate health and somewhat difficult to train. He +often disappointed his backers by going amiss just before a +match was due, but he took rather more pains with his style +than other British scullers had done of late, and eventually he +succeeded in surpassing them, and in becoming the representative +(such as it was) of British professional oarsmanship.</p> + +<p>We should mention that in 1881 the brothers Messrs. +Walter and Harry Chinnery most generously made an expensive +attempt to raise the lost standard of British sculling, by giving +1000<i>l.</i> in prizes for a series of years, to be sculled for. These +two gentlemen were well-known leading amateur athletes in +their day. The elder had been a champion amateur long-distance +runner; the younger had won the amateur boxing +championship, and had rowed a good oar at Henley regattas +and elsewhere. It may be invidious to look a gift horse in the +mouth, but we feel that this generous subsidy of the Messrs. +Chinnery was practically wasted for want of being fettered with +a certain condition. That condition should have been, that the +competitions for the Chinnery prizes should be on fixed seats. +One reason why professional racing has fallen off of late so +much, compared to amateur performances, may be found in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> +fact that amateurs are taught, and are willing to be taught, +from first principles: whereas our professionals nowadays are +little better than self-taught. Rowing and sculling require +scientific instruction more than ever on slides. In old days the +main business of a professional oarsman was to carry passengers +in his boat; the calling produced a large following, and out +of these some few were good oarsmen and took to boat-racing +as well as to mere plying for hire. Here there was a natural +nursery for professional racing oarsmen. The disuse of the +wherry for locomotion destroyed this nursery; we have already +shown that our later professionals are as a rule neither London +watermen nor Tyne keelmen. They are a medley lot by trade; +a chimney-sweep, a collier, a coal-heaver, a miner, a cabman, +&c., all swell the ranks. Such men as these take to the water +simply for what they can make out of it, by racing on it. +Their one ambition is to race, and to run before they can decently +walk. Hence they do not go through the school of +fixed-seat rowing before they graduate on sliders, and they have +no instructors, nor will they listen to advice.</p> + +<p>Amateurs, on the other hand, belong as a rule to clubs; and +all clubs of any prestige coach their juniors carefully, and lay +down rules for their improvement. Two very usual club rules +are, that juniors shall not begin by racing in keelless crank +boats, but in steady ‘tub’-built craft. No such control exists +over junior professionals; if a bricklayer’s apprentice takes to +the water in spare hours, and begins to fancy himself as an +oarsman, he will probably find friends who will back him for a +small stake against some brother hobbledehoy. Each of these +aspirants will thus endeavour to use the speediest boat and +appliances that he can obtain. Unfortunately it so happens +that sliding seats give so much extra power that even bad +sliding <i>à la</i> Boyd produces more pace than good fixed-seat +rowing. The result of this is, that, however little a tiro may +know of rowing, he will, in a day or two, get more pace on a +slide than if he adhered to a fixed seat. So the two cripples +race each other on slides, before they have acquired the barest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> +rudiments of swing, and as a natural result they can never be +expected hereafter to progress beyond mediocrity.</p> + +<p>Now, if there were prizes offered for rising professionals, +subject to the condition that sliding seats should not be used, +these tiros would have some chance of being induced to study +the art of using the body for swing, and of mastering this all-important +feature in oarsmanship, before they ventured to fly so +high as to race upon slides.</p> + +<p>Twenty and more years ago there was a class of match-making +on the Thames which is now obsolete. This was to +row in what were called ‘old-fashioned’ wager boats, i.e. the +lightest form of wherry which used to be built before H. Clasper +established outriggers. The keelless boat requires a sharp +catch up at the beginning to get the best pace out of it, and it +also requires more ‘sitting’ to keep it on an even keel. (If it +is not on an even keel, the hands do not grip the water evenly, +and power thereby is wasted.) It was because this fact used +to be realised in those days better than now, that so many rough +scullers were matched in ‘old-fashioned’ boats, rather than in +‘best and best’ boats, as the fastest built craft were usually +styled in the articles of matches. It would do good if this quondam +practice of matching duffers on even terms in steady old-fashioned +craft could be re-introduced on the Thames.</p> + +<p>Another incident has tended greatly to the deterioration +of professional rowing, and this is the lapse of professional regattas. +Certain gentlemen connected with the University and +the leading Thames boat clubs used formerly to get up an +annual summer regatta for the benefit of professional oarsmen. +In the ‘forties’ a somewhat similar regatta had also existed for +a time, but it had consisted of amateur competitions as well as +of professional. This earlier regatta faded away when its chief +trophy, the ‘Gold Cup’ for amateur eight oars, was won thrice +in succession by, and became the property of, the ‘Thames +Club.’ (That Thames Club is now extinct, and must not be +confounded with the well-known ‘Thames <i>Rowing</i> Club’ of +the present day.) Some of the members of the Thames crew<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span> +that won this ‘Gold Cup’ in the forties are still to be found, +the most notable of them being Messrs. Frank Playford, senr. +(amateur champion in 1849); and Rhodes Cobb, the president +of the Kingston Rowing Club. (The sons of each of these old +athletes have similarly made their mark in aquatics of the +present generation.) Owing to the action of the chairman of a +steamboat company and other gentlemen who had other interests +than those of boating to serve, these regattas have lapsed.</p> + +<p>To resume—as to Thames regattas. The Thames Subscription +Club, between 1861 and 1866, got up a Thames +regatta, which annually produced fine sport between Thames +and Tyne men, and once or twice good Glasgow crews joined +in the competition. In 1866 the amateur element was introduced +as a mixture. This was the last year of the series.</p> + +<p>Meantime the late Mr. H. H. Playford had for three years +laboured to form a sort of ‘nursery’ regatta for professionals. +It was styled the ‘Sons of the Thames’ regatta, and it had the +effect of bringing out several good men, such as the Biffens, +Wise, Tagg, &c., who afterwards distinguished themselves in +the greater regattas on the Thames, which were open to the +world. Never was professional rowing at higher flood than +just at this date, thanks to the gentleman referred to.</p> + +<p><a name="SecRef16" id="SecRef16"></a>In 1867 there was no regatta; but in 1868 a new series was +founded. The late Messrs. J. G. Chambers, George Morrison, +Allan Morrison, Rev. R. W. Risley, the Playfords, Brickwood +and other prominent amateurs, gave money and labour to aid +the scheme, and it flourished right well for nine seasons. It +produced, like the preceding series, fine rowing, and many a +subsequent sculling or four-oar match arose out of the regatta +contests. So far these regattas had been promoted solely for +sport, and in pure unselfishness. In 1876 a steamboat company +originated the idea of a Thames regatta, and advertised a scheme. +Subscriptions were obtained from several of the City sources +which had formerly subscribed to <i>bonâ fide</i> Thames regatta, +and thus the funds of the old-established meeting were sapped. +The latter came off all the same that year, there thus being two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span> +Thames regattas for one season. But there were not funds to +carry on two such meetings, and the amateur promoters of the +old established regatta retired next year in favour of the speculative +promoters. The speculative regatta lived just one year +more, and then its promoters gave up, and left our British professionals +with no regatta at all to encourage them.</p> + +<p>And this was just at a time when our champion honours +had been wrested from us, and when we needed more than +ever some disinterested assistance, in order to revive and encourage +the falling fortunes of professional oarsmanship! It +was too late to revive the old regatta; the hand of Death +was busy among the old amateurs who had founded the second +series, and the four or five gentlemen whose names headed the +list of promoters (<i><a href="#SecRef16">supra</a></i>) have passed rapidly away, from one +cause or another, in the prime of life. Whether hereafter any +combination of later amateurs will once more come to the rescue, +as did the late Messrs. Chambers, H. Playford, the Morrisons, +and Risley, remains to be seen. If they do so, we hope they +will found something, at first, more on the lines of the Playford +series of ‘Sons of the Thames’ regatta, to bring out new blood; +and that they will insist upon <i>no slides</i> being used in any race +of the meeting, for at least two seasons. Slides are not allowed +in the public schools fours (lately rowed for at Henley, and +now competed for at Marlow), nor in Oxford torpids, nor in +Cambridge lower division races. Nor do the leading amateur +tideway clubs allow their juniors to race on them in club +matches. If we are to educate a new generation of professional +talent, we must do so on the same general principle that we +teach our junior amateurs in rowing clubs.</p> + +<p>Since the date of Hanlan’s invasion of Britain, British scullers +have not been in the hunt for champion competitions. Such +champion racing as has taken place has been confined to +Canadians, Americans, or Australians. In 1884, May 22, Laycock +was once more brought out to row Hanlan on the Nepean +river, New South Wales, and Hanlan again held his own. +Meantime an emigrant (in childhood) from Chertsey, one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span> +William Beach, had been rapidly improving his style in New +South Wales. He took hints from his conquerors until, +when he was about forty, a time when most scullers are past +their prime, he could beat all comers in his own colony. +Hanlan was persuaded to visit Australia to row him, and the +first match between them came off August 16, 1884, on the +Paramatta. To the surprise of all, Beach went as fast as +Hanlan, and outstayed him. Excuses were made for this +reverse to one who had been reckoned invincible: Hanlan had +been unfairly washed by a steamer, and some fancied he had +held Beach too cheap, and was not fully trained. Another +match was made for March 28, 1885. Meantime Beach easily +beat, on February 28 of that year, another colonial challenger, +T. Clifford. In his return match with Hanlan he fairly tired +the Canadian out. Beach scales a trifle over twelve stone, and +proves the truth of the old saying that a good big one is better +than a good little one.</p> + +<p>In December of 1885 Hanlan beat Neil Matterson, a young +and rising Australian candidate for the championship.</p> + +<p>In the summer of 1886, a large amount was subscribed for +a series of sculling prizes on the Thames. Beach was in England, +training for a match against Gaudaur of St. Louis, U.S., +who had lately beaten the best American scullers. Gaudaur +did not row in this regatta of scullers, but Beach did.</p> + +<p>The trial heats of this regatta were rowed in stretches of +about three miles each, following the tide over different parts +of the tideway. In the first heat Neil Matterson beat Ross. +In the second, Teemer, U.S., beat Perkins, a London sculler. +Bubear rowed over for the third heat, and the fourth was won +by Beach beating Lee, U.S. (once a pseudo amateur and an +unsuccessful competitor for the Diamond Sculls of Henley!) +Next day Beach beat Bubear, and Teemer beat Matterson. +The final heat took place over the regulation course of Putney +to Mortlake. Beach won as he liked, on a tide that was not +first class, in 22 min. 16 secs. The racing occupied August 31, +and September 1 and 2.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>On September 18, Beach met Gaudaur for the championship +over the Putney course. Beach was, as the race showed, +a little ‘off;’ apparently he had been indulging; for to look +at Gaudaur few would have expected him to make such a close +fit of the race as he did. The stakes were 500<i>l.</i> a side. The +tide was a good one, and the water was smooth beyond Hammersmith. +Beach led, and seemed to have the race safe off +Chiswick. Then he began to lose ground, Gaudaur came up +to him, and Beach stopped, apparently rowed out. Possibly +he had ‘stitch,’ as the sequel shows. Gaudaur got just in front +of Beach, and could not get away. Beach stopped again, and +still Gaudaur could do little better than paddle. Half way up +Horse Reach Beach seemed to recover, and once more came +up with his man. He led by a few feet at Barnes Bridge, and +after that drew steadily away, winning by three lengths in the +exceptionally good time of 22 min. 30 secs. or 22 min. 29 secs.</p> + +<p>A week later Beach did a much finer performance, for time. +He rowed Wallace Ross for the championship, over the usual +course, and beat him in a common paddle, without being +extended, and with wind foul, on a <i>neap</i> tide, in 23 min. 5 secs. +The pace of this tide, let alone foul wind, must have been +about a minute to a minute and a quarter (if not more) slower +than the tide on which Beach and Gaudaur had sculled some +days before. Those who know the effect of tides on pace, will +admit that this last performance, all things considered, is +Beach’s best, and is also the best ever accomplished by any +sculler over the Thames tideway course. Had Beach been on +a spring tide that day, and been doing his best, he would +probably have done a good deal faster than 21 min. 30 secs. +over our champion course. All factors considered, we believe +that the present champion sculler is the fastest that the world +has yet produced, better than even Hanlan at his best. To +compare him with the best old fixed-seat champions would be +invidious to all parties. Each in his day made the best of the +mechanical appliances at his disposal, and was A1 in style for +their use.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig269" id="Fig269"></a> +<img src="images/illo269.png" alt="Too close together" width="400" height="337" /> +<p class="caption">A FOUL.</p></div> + +<h2>CHAPTER XVII.</h2> + +<h3>LAWS OF BOAT-RACING (THEIR HISTORY, AND RULES OF +THE ROAD).</h3> + +<p>Laws of boat-racing, until 1872, were variously read by various +executives. One rule was common to all, and yet differently +interpreted by many an umpire or referee. It was that which +related to a boat’s course.</p> + +<p>The old rule was, that a boat which could take a clear lead +of an opponent, and which could cross the proper track of +that opponent with such clear lead, became entitled to the +‘water’ so taken. The boat astern had then to change its +course, and to take its leader’s vacated course. If thereafter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> +they fouled, through the leader returning to the vacated water, +the leader lost; if through the sternmost boat catching the +leader in the ‘captured’ water, then the pursuer lost. Also, +under the old code, a foul, however slight, lost a race, if one +boat was in its right and the other in its wrong course at the +time. If both were in the wrong, the foul did not count.</p> + +<p>This code led to many a wrangle over fouls. It also opened +the door to sharp practice—e.g. a leader might cross an opponent, +by dint of pure speed; and then, being in, his ‘right’ +water, by dint of having crossed with a ‘clear lead,’ the leader +might ‘accidentally’ shut off speed, before the boat behind +had time to change its course. This forced on a foul, and the +leader could then claim his pound of flesh, and the race. An +umpire had no discretion in the matter.</p> + +<p>In 1872 a meeting of leading amateurs drew up a new +code. This code was put in force at the Thames watermen’s +regattas, governed by amateurs. In time Henley adopted +them, as did all leading regattas. Watermen for some time +had a liking for the old code and its facilities for ‘win, tie, or +wrangle’ in a match, but as time passed on the new code +gained ground, and gradually the old one became obsolete. +The late Mr. John Graham Chambers, C.U.B.C., was the +leading spirit in this reform.</p> + +<p>The revised code is now part of the creed of the Amateur +Rowing Association, of which mention has already been made. +These rules are now appended. The Henley executive publish +a similar code, but differently numbered. Rule 15 is more of +a <i>regatta</i> rule. It is usually waived in sculling matches, and in +the Wingfield Sculls for the amateur championship its operation +is, by order of the parliament of old champions, suspended.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h4><span class="smcap">The Laws of Boat-racing as approved by the +Amateur Rowing Association.</span></h4> + +<p>1. The starter, on being satisfied that the competitors are ready, +shall give the signal to start.</p> + +<p>2. If the starter considers the start false, he shall at once recall<span +class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> +the boats to their stations, and any boat refusing to start again +shall be disqualified.</p> + +<p>3. Any boat not at its post at the time specified shall be liable +to be disqualified by the umpire.</p> + +<p>4. The umpire may act as starter as he thinks fit; when he +does not so act, the starter shall be subject to the control of the +umpire.</p> + +<p>5. Each boat shall keep its own water throughout the race, and +any boat departing from its own water will do so at its peril.</p> + +<p>6. A boat’s own water is its straight course, paralleled with +those of the other competing boats, from the station assigned to it +at starting to the finish.</p> + +<p>7. The umpire shall be sole judge of a boat’s own water and +proper course during the race.</p> + +<p>8. No fouling whatever shall be allowed; the boat committing +a foul shall be disqualified.</p> + +<p>9. It shall be considered a foul when, after the race has commenced, +any competitor by his oar, boat, or person comes in contact +with the oar, boat, or person of another competitor, unless in the +opinion of the umpire such contact is so slight as not to influence +the race.</p> + +<p>10. The umpire may, during the race, caution any competitor +when in danger of committing a foul.</p> + +<p>11. The umpire, when appealed to, shall decide all questions +as to a foul.</p> + +<p>12. A claim of foul must be made to the judge or the umpire +by the competitor himself before getting out of his boat.</p> + +<p>13. In case of a foul the umpire shall have the power—</p> + +<p>(<i>a</i>) To place the boats—except the boat committing the foul, +which is disqualified—in the order in which they come in;</p> + +<p>(<i>b</i>) To order the boats engaged in the race, other than the boat +committing the foul, to row over again on the same or another day;</p> + +<p>(<i>c</i>) To re-start the qualified boats from the place where the foul +was committed.</p> + +<p>14. Every boat shall abide by its accidents.</p> + +<p>15. No boat shall be allowed to accompany a competitor for +the purpose of directing his course or affording him other assistance. +The boat receiving such direction or assistance shall be disqualified +at the discretion of the umpire.</p> + +<p>16. The jurisdiction of the umpire extends over the race, and +all matters connected with it, from the time the race is specified +to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span> +start until its final termination, and his decision in all cases shall +be final and without appeal.</p> + +<p>17. Any competitor refusing to abide by the decision or to +follow the directions of the umpire shall be disqualified.</p> + +<p>18. The umpire, if he thinks proper, may reserve his decision, +provided that in every case such decision be given on the day of +the race.</p></div> + +<p>The ‘rule of the road’ on the river is not settled quite as +hard and fast as on land, or in marine navigation; but certain +general principles are recognised by all rowing men of experience, +for the sake of mutual safety. The following draft of +the recognised principles referred to is set forth by the editor of +the ‘Rowing Almanack,’ and other authorities, to whom rowing +men are much indebted for the publication.</p> + +<p>In case of any ‘running-down’ action, arising out of a +collision between pleasure-boats on the Thames, it would +probably go hardly with the occupants of a boat which had +brought about an accident by disregard of these ‘rules of the +road.’</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<h5><i>‘The Rule of the Road’ on the River.</i></h5> + +<p>The following are the generally recognised rules adopted by +the leading rowing clubs:—</p> + +<p>1. A row-boat going against the stream or tide should take the +shore or bank—which bank is immaterial—and should keep inside +all boats meeting it.</p> + +<p>2. A row-boat going with stream or tide should take a course +in mid-river, and should keep outside all boats meeting it.</p> + +<p>3. A row-boat overtaking another boat proceeding in the same +direction should keep clear of the boat it overtakes, which should +maintain its course.</p> + +<p>4. A row-boat meeting another end-on in still or open waters, +or lakes, should keep to the right as in walking, leaving the boat +passed on the port or left side.</p> + +<p>5. A row-boat with a coxswain should give way to a boat without +a coxswain, subject to the foregoing rules, in so far as they +apply.</p> + +<p>6. A boat towing with stream or tide should give way to a boat +towing against it, and if it becomes necessary to unship or drop a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span> +tow-line, the former should give way to the latter; but when a +barge towing is passed by a pleasure-boat towing, the latter should +give way and go outside, as a small boat is the easier of the two +to manage, in addition to which the river is the barge’s highway.</p> + +<p>7. A row-boat must give way to a sailing-boat.</p> + +<p>8. When a row-boat and a steamer pass each other, their +actions should, as a rule, be governed by the same principle as on +two row-boats passing; but in shallow waters the greater draughts +of the steam-vessel should be remembered, and the row-boat give +way to her.</p></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Fig274" id="Fig274"></a> +<img src="images/illo274.png" alt="Idyllic river scene" width="500" height="312" /> +<p class="caption">CLIEFDEN.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></p> +<h2>‘THE TEMPLE OF FAME.’</h2> + +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE WINGFIELD SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 243-244"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">Time</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Winner</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">s.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Losers</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1830</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. H. Bayford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Lewis, Wood, Horneman, Revel,<br />A. Bayford, C. Duke, Hume</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1831</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Lewis</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Bayford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1832</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Julius</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Lewis</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1833</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Lewis</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Julius</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1834</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Julius</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1835</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Julius</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1836</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Wood</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Patrick Colquhoun</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1837</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">P. Colquhoun</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Wood, Jones</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1838</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Wood</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Colquhoun, C. Pollock, H.<br />Chapman</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1839</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Chapman</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Pollock, Crockford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1840</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. L. Jenkins</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Crockford, Wallace, A.<br />Earnshaw</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1841</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. L. Jenkins</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Chapman</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1842</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Chapman</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Wallace</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1843</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Chapman</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Wallace, Kennedy, A. Earnshaw</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1844</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. B. Bumpstead</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Chapman, Hon. G. Denman,<br />Romayne</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1845</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Chapman</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Bumpstead</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1846</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Russell</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Walmsley, Fellows, Dodd</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1847</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. R. L. Walmsley</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Murray, C. Harrington</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1848</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. R. L. Walmsley</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1849</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a> <a href="#Note1b"><i>b</i></a><a name="Anch1b" id="Anch1b"></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. Playford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. R. Bone</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1850</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. R. Bone</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1851</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. R. Bone</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. G. Peacock</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1853</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Paine</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. Rippingall, J. Nottidge,<br />H. C. Smith</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1854<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. H. Playford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Casamajor</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. H. Playford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Casamajor</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Casamajor</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Casamajor</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Casamajor</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1860</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. A. Casamajor</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1861</td> +<td><a href="#Note1c"><i>c</i></a><a name="Anch1c" id="Anch1c"></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. D. Brickwood</td> +<td class="right padr1">29</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">0</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">G. R. Cox, A. O. Lloyd</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1862</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. B. Woodgate</td> +<td class="right padr1">27</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">0</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. D. Brickwood, G. R. Cox</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1863</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. E. Parker</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">0</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. B. Michell, J. Wallace</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. B. Woodgate</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">35</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. P. Cecil, G. Ryan</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1865</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. B. Lawes</td> +<td class="right padr1">27</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">4</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. B. Woodgate, E. B. Michell,<br />W. P. Cecil, T. Lindsay</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1866</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. B. Michell</td> +<td class="right padr1">27</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">26</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. B. Woodgate, J. G. Chambers</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. B. Woodgate</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1868</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Stout</td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">52</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. B. Michell, W. B. Woodgate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. de L. Long</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. de L. Long</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Ross, A. C. Yarborough,<br />W. Chillingworth</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Fawcus</td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">13</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. de L. Long</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. C. Knollys</td> +<td class="right padr1">28</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">30</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Fawcus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1873</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. C. Dicker</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">40</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. C. Knollys, N. H. Eyre,<br />F. S. Gulston</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. C. Dicker</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">45</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. H. Eyre, W. Fawcus, W.<br />Chillingworth</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1875</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. L. Playford</td> +<td class="right padr1">27</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">6</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. C. Dicker</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. L. Playford</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">46</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. C. Dicker, A. V. Frere,<br />R. H. Labat</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1877</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. L. Playford</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">20</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. C. Edwardes-Moss, A. H.<br />Grove, J. H. Bucknill</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. L. Playford</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">13</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Alexander Payne</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1879</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. L. Playford</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">51</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Lowndes</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Alex. Payne</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">8</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Lowndes, C. G. White</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Lowndes</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">13</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. R. Grove</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">A. Payne</td> +<td class="right padr1">27</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">40</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. R. Grove</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Lowndes</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td><td class="left padl1 padr1 br">rowed over</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. S. Unwin</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">12</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. J. S. Batt, E. F. Green,<br />W. Hawkes, R. H. Smith</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. S. Unwin</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. J. Pitman, C. W. Hughes</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center bl br">1886</td> +<td><a href="#Note1a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">F. J. Pitman</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr1 br">12</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. H. Cumming, A. M.<br />Cowper-Smith</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td class="center bl br">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">G. Nickalls</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">—</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. C. Gardner.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note1a" id="Note1a"></a>(<i>a</i>) Resigned.</p> + +<p><a name="Note1b" id="Note1b"></a>(<a href="#Anch1b"><i>b</i></a>) The course before this race was from +Westminster to Putney, but for the first time +it took place from Putney to Kew.</p> + +<p><a name="Note1c" id="Note1c"></a>(<a href="#Anch1c"><i>c</i></a>) The course was altered again this year to the present one, from Putney to +Mortlake.</p> +</div> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></p> +<h3>WINNERS AT HENLEY REGATTA.</h3> + +<h4><i>GRAND CHALLENGE CUP.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 245-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, Trin. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Leander Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note2a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Camb. Rooms</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Camb. Rooms</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch2b" id="Anch2b"></a><a href="#Note2b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">25</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Thames Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note2a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Wadham Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch2c" id="Anch2c"></a><a href="#Note2c"><i>c</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">45</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, Trin. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">32</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royal Chester R.C.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">55</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge University</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">43</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">45</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">45</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">45</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">43</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">21</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">22</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">54</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">20</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">28</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch2d" id="Anch2d"></a><a href="#Note2d"><i>d</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">17</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">55</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">38</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">52</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">42</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Leander R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">19</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">27</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch2e" id="Anch2e"></a><a href="#Note2e"><i>e</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">16</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">41</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">39</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Leander B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">24</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Exeter Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">51</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">27</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb. Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">22</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Trin. Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">6</td> +<td class="right padr0">53</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Trin. Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">6</td> +<td class="right padr0">56</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note2a" id="Note2a"></a>(<i>a</i>) Won on a foul.</p> + +<p><a name="Note2b" id="Note2b"></a>(<a href="#Anch2b"><i>b</i></a>) The winners only rowed seven oars in the final heat.</p> + +<p><a name="Note2c" id="Note2c"></a>(<a href="#Anch2c"><i>c</i></a>) Cambridge carried away a rowlock soon after starting.</p> + +<p><a name="Note2d" id="Note2d"></a>(<a href="#Anch2d"><i>d</i></a>) The fastest on record for the final.</p> + +<p><a name="Note2e" id="Note2e"></a>(<a href="#Anch2e"><i>e</i></a>) In the preliminary heat London did the course in 7 min. 12 secs.—the +fastest time on record after that date.</p> +</div> + +<h4><i>STEWARDS’ CUP.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 245-246"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch3a" id="Anch3a"></a><a href="#Note3a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First class fours for medals. Won by Oxford Aquatic Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford Club, London</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">16</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, St. George’s Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">15</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">16</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch3b" id="Anch3b"></a><a href="#Note3b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford C.C.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford C.C.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Leander Club</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge Univ.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">54</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">57</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Pembroke Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">54</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royal Chester R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Argonaut Club</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">35</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Brasenose Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">40</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">20</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford University</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">45</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">36</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch3c" id="Anch3c"></a><a href="#Note3c"><i>c</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Etonian Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">21</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch3d" id="Anch3d"></a><a href="#Note3d"><i>d</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch3e" id="Anch3e"></a><a href="#Note3e"><i>e</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch3f" id="Anch3f"></a><a href="#Note3f"><i>f</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Hert. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">15</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Hert. Coll.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Trin. Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">53</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">39</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Trin. Hall.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">53</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>(<a name="Note3a" id="Note3a"></a><a href="#Anch3a"><i>a</i></a>) The prize which is now known as the +Stewards’ Challenge Cup was not instituted +until the following year.</p> + +<p>(<a name="Note3b" id="Note3b"></a><a href="#Anch3b"><i>b</i></a>) Worcester College, Oxford, were also entered, but withdrawn.</p> + +<p>(<a name="Note3c" id="Note3c"></a><a href="#Anch3c"><i>c</i></a>) Fastest time on record with coxswains.</p> + +<p>(<a name="Note3d" id="Note3d"></a><a href="#Anch3d"><i>d</i></a>) Coxswains abolished.</p> + +<p>(<a name="Note3e" id="Note3e"></a><a href="#Anch3e"><i>e</i></a>) Fastest time on record.</p> + +<p>(<a name="Note3f" id="Note3f"></a><a href="#Anch3f"><i>f</i></a>) Won on a foul.</p> +</div> + +<h4><i>PAIR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 246-247"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch4a" id="Anch4a"></a><a href="#Note4a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arnold and Mann, Cambridge</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman and Haggard, Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note4b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Falls and Coulthard, London</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note4b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thompson and Johnson, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Peacock and Rayford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch4c" id="Anch4c"></a><a href="#Note4c"><i>c</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty and Hornby, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty and Guess</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch4d" id="Anch4d"></a><a href="#Note4d"><i>d</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barker and Nind</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barbee and Godson, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cadogan and Short, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nottidge and Casamajor, London</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nottidge and Casamajor, London</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warren and Lonsdale, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Playford and Casamajor, London</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warre and Arkell, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor and Woodbridge, London</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr1">50</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodgate & Champneys, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodgate & Champneys, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">45</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodgate and Shepherd, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Selwyn and Kinglake, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">29</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May and Fenner, London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodgate and Corrie, Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">15</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Corrie and Brown, Eton and Radley</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">49</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Crofts and Woodgate, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Long and Stout, London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Corrie and Hall, Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gulston and Long, London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Long and Gulston, London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Knollys and Trower, Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gulston and Long, London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note4b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Herbert and Chillingworth</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. Le B. Smith and F. S. Gulston</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">35</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. H. Eyre and J. Hastie</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">30</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. A. Ellison and T. C. Edwardes-Moss</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">14</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. S. Gulston and R. H. Labat, London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr1">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. H. Eyre and J. Hastie, Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">45</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. H. Eyre and J. Hastie, Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">D. E. Brown and J. Lowndes, Hertford Coll., Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Q. Roberts and D. E. Brown, Twickenham R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes and D. E. Brown, Twickenham R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. McLean and D. H. McLean, Etonians, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. E. Churchill and A. D. Muttlebury, Third Trin., Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">40</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. T. Barclay and A. D. Muttlebury</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">45</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note4a" id="Note4a"></a>(<a href="#Anch4a"><i>a</i></a>) The first pair-oared race rowed at Henley, which was then called the Silver +Wherries till 1850.</p> + +<p><a name="Note4b" id="Note4b"></a>(<i>b</i>) Won on a foul.</p> + +<p><a name="Note4c" id="Note4c"></a>(<a href="#Anch4c"><i>c</i></a>) The race was rowed this year for the first time as the Silver Goblets.</p> + +<p><a name="Note4d" id="Note4d"></a>(<a href="#Anch4d"><i>d</i></a>) Short and Irving, of Oxford, withdrew in the final.</p> +</div> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></p> +<h4><i>DIAMOND SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 248-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch5a" id="Anch5a"></a><a href="#Note5a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bumpstead, Scullers’ Club, London</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">32</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wallace, Leander Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sir Frederick Moon, Magdalen, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maule, Trinity Coll., Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">45</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bagshawe, Camb.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bone, Meteor Club, London</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bone, Meteor Club, London</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwards, London</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Macnaghten, Camb.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rippingall, Camb.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch5b" id="Anch5b"></a><a href="#Note5b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Playford, Wandle College</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, Argonauts</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">27</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, Argonauts</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, Argonauts</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, Argonauts</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. D. Brickwood, London</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. H. Playford, London</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, Argonauts</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch5c" id="Anch5c"></a><a href="#Note5c"><i>c</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. D. Brickwood</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">40</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. B. Lawes, Camb.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">43</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. B. Woodgate</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. B. Michell, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. B. Michell, Oxford</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. C. Crofts, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Stout, London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. C. Crofts, Kingston</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">57</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. B. Close, Camb.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">43</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Fawcus, Tynemouth R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. C. Knollys, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">48</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. C. Dicker, Camb.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. C. Dicker, Camb.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">47</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. C. Dicker, Camb.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. L. Playford, London R. C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">28</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">20</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">37</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Derby</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Derby</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">28</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Derby</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">43</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. S. Unwin, Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">44</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. S. Unwin, Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">22</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. J. Pitman, Third Trinity, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. C. Gardner, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">51</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note5a" id="Note5a"></a>(<a href="#Anch5a"><i>a</i></a>) After two fouls the race was given in favour of Wallace.</p> + +<p><a name="Note5b" id="Note5b"></a>(<a href="#Anch5b"><i>b</i></a>) At Newenham a foul took place, and the race was awarded to Playford.</p> + +<p><a name="Note5c" id="Note5c"></a>(<a href="#Anch5c"><i>c</i></a>) After a dead heat, which was rowed in 10 minutes 22 seconds.</p> +</div> + +<h4><i>LADIES CHALLENGE PLATE FOR EIGHT-OARS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center"><i>Established 1845.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 248-249"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, St. George’s Club</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Wadham Coll.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Lincoln Coll.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Pembroke College</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">15</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">55</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Balliol Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royal Chester R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Exeter Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">57</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Balliol Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">51</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">55</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">r.o.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, First Trinity (r.o.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">17</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">17</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">38</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">16</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">47</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Pembroke College</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">39</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">54</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dublin, Trin. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">28</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">31</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">52</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, Lady Margaret B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">52</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Trin. Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">51</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">50</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eton College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">21</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Pembroke College</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">17</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall, Cambridge (2nd crew)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>VISITORS’ CHALLENGE CUP FOR FOUR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center"><i>Established 1847.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 249-250"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Argonauts Club</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Argonauts Club</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">48</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., St. John’s</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., St. John’s</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Pembroke College</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">40</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Brasenose College</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">40</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Brasenose College</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">49</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dublin, Trin. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">37</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Pembroke College</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">28</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dublin, Trin. Coll.</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dublin, Trin. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">50</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">20</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Univ. Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">U.S.A., Columbia College</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">42</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, Lady Margaret B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">21</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">16</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">22</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Brasenose College</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">23</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxon., Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Third Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">39</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Camb., Trin. Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">41</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cambridge, First Trinity B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">20</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>WYFOLD CHALLENGE CUP FOR FOUR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center"><i>Established 1856.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 250-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">London, Argonauts Club</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Oxford, Pembroke College</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">30</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Camb., First Trin.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">21</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Oxford, Brasenose College</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">20</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">50</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">32</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Surbiton, Oscillators B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">34</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingstown Harbour B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Newcastle A.R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">West London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">44</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">56</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Dublin Univ. R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Camb., Jesus Coll.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">51</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">58</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Kingston R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td class="left padr1 padl1">Pembroke College, Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">50</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>THAMES CHALLENGE CUP FOR EIGHT-OARS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center"><i>Established 1868.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 250-251"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, Pembroke College</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">46</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Surbiton, Oscillators B.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Surbiton, Oscillators B.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London, Ino R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">42</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thames R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">19</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">33</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">West London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">37</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">29</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">55</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Twickenham R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">55</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">43</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Twickenham R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">50</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royal Chester R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Twickenham R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">48</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">36</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">London R.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall, Cambridge (2nd crew)</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padr1">20</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>PUBLIC SCHOOLS’ CHALLENGE CUP FOR FOURS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center"><i>Established 1879.</i></p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 251-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cheltenham College B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr1">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bedford Grammar School B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">42</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bedford Grammar School B.C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen College B. C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hereford School B.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Derby School B.C.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bedford Model School B.C.<a name="FNanchor_18_18" +id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Transferred to Marlow Regatta in 1886.</p></div> + +<h4><i>TOWN CHALLENGE CUP.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 251-2"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td class="left padl1">Wave B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Cutter Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Cutter Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1">Albion Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1">Aquatic Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1">Aquatic Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Cutter Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Cutter Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Cutter Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1">Albion Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1">Albion Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1">Wargrave Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1">Dreadnought Cutter Club</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1">Oxford, Staff B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1">Eton Excelsior B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1">Eton Excelsior B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1">Eton Excelsior B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1">Eton Excelsior B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1">Reading R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1">Marlow R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1">Marlow R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1">Marlow R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1">Marlow R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1">Marlow R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henley R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1">Greenwood Lodge B.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1">Reading R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1">Reading R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1">Reading R.C.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1">Marlow R.C.<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a +href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span +class="label">[19]</span></a> Ditto in 1884.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></p> +<h3>OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT RACE.</h3> + +<h4><i>WINNERS since 1828.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 252-253"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">Year</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Place</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Winner</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Time</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Won by</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center br">s.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1829</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Hambledon Lock to Henley Bridge</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">14</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">easy</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1836</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Westminster to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">36</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1 m.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1839</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Westminster to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">31</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1 m. 45 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1840</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Westminster to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">29</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub> length</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1841</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Westminster to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">32</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1 m. 4 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1842</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Westminster to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">30</td> +<td class="right padr0">45</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">13 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">30 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1846</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch6a" id="Anch6a"></a><a href="#Note6a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Mortlake (Church) to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1849</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake (Ship)</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">4 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1849</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr1 br">—</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">foul</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">56</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">27 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1854</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">29</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">11 strokes</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1856</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note6b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Barker’s rails to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">50</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> length</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1857</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch6c" id="Anch6c"></a><a href="#Note6c"><i>c</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">55</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">35 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">23</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">22 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">40</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. sank</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">26</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1 length</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">28</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">43 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1862</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">41</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">30 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1863</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note6b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Barker’s rails to Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">43 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">26 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">24</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">4 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">14</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">15 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> length</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">37</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">6 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">3 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="left padl0 padr1 br"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1 length</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">14</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1873</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch6d" id="Anch6d"></a><a href="#Note6d"><i>d</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">19</td> +<td class="right padr0">36</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">3 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">35</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">3<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1875</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">29 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">19</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">5 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1877</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch6e" id="Anch6e"></a><a href="#Note6e"><i>e</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Dead heat</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0 padr1 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">dead heat</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">40 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1879<span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%"><a +name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">18</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">3<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">23</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">4 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">52</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">3<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">20 s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">18</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">39</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">3 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">36</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">5 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">20</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub> length</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">52</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1888</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Putney to Mortlake</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">48</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">5 lengths</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note6a" id="Note6a"></a>(<a href="#Anch6a"><i>a</i></a>) This was the first race rowed in outrigged eights.</p> + +<p><a name="Note6b" id="Note6b"></a>(<i>b</i>) These races were rowed from Barker’s rails to Putney, about 1,200 yards more than +the usual course. Barker’s rails are still marked by a brick pedestal under Middlesex +shore.</p> + +<p><a name="Note6c" id="Note6c"></a>(<a href="#Anch6c"><i>c</i></a>) This was the first race rowed in keelless boats.</p> + +<p><a name="Note6d" id="Note6d"></a>(<a href="#Anch6d"><i>d</i></a>) Sliding seats first used in these races.</p> + +<p><a name="Note6e" id="Note6e"></a>(<a href="#Anch6e"><i>e</i></a>) This is the only dead heat ever rowed in this race. Bow in Oxford boat broke +his oar.</p> +</div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>UNIVERSITY MEETINGS AT HENLEY,</h3> + +<h4><i>FOR THE GRAND CHALLENGE CUP</i>.</h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 253"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">Year</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Winner</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Time</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Won by</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl br"> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">s.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 br">30</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1847</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 br">4</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1851</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch7a" id="Anch7a"></a><a href="#Note7a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 br">45</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">6 lengths</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Oxford</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 br">3</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">6 inches</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Cambridge</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">8</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 br">32</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> lengths</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note7a" id="Note7a"></a>(<a href="#Anch7a"><i>a</i></a>) Cambridge broke a rowlock off Remenham farm.</p> +</div> + +<p>Also at the Thames Regatta, June 22, 1844, Oxford beat Cambridge for +the Gold Cup.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3><a name="SecRef08" id="SecRef08"></a>UNIVERSITY OARSMEN.</h3> + +<p>The following lists show what oarsmen in eights or fours represented +their respective Universities from year to year, whether in +matches or at regattas. Those whose names appear as having +thus represented their University are recognised as ‘old Blues.’ +In some cases crews are given which are not strictly University +crews, e.g. the ‘Cambridge Subscription Rooms,’ ‘Oxford Aquatic +Club,’ &c. These crews sometimes took the place of U.B.C. crews, +and though all these members may not be strictly ‘Blues,’ the +performances are recorded, in order to give as far as possible a +continuous history.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></p> +<h4>UNIVERSITY OARSMEN.</h4> + +<h5>1829.</h5> + +<h6><i>Hambledon Lock to Henley, Wednesday, June 10, 1829, 7.56 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 254-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, J., St. John’s</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arbuthnot, J. E., Balliol</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bates, J. E., Christ Church</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wordsworth, Charles, Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Toogood, J. J., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">14</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Garnier, T. F., Worcester</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moore, G. B., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Staniforth, T., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fremantle, W. R., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holdsworth, A. B. E., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bayford, A. F., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warren, C., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Merivale, C., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Entwisle, T., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thompson, W. T., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Selwyn, G. A., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Snow, W., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Heath, B. R., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">4</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1831.</h5> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 254-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Leander</span>, 1.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Horniman</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Revell</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Waterford (Marquis of)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Weedon</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marsh</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cannon</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Peard</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pelham</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Bayford</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barnes</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Capt. Shaw</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lloyd</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bishop (stroke)</td> +<td class="padl1 bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Copplestone (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Noulton, waterman (cox.)</td> +<td class="padl1 bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. West, waterman (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></p> + +<h5>1836.</h5> + +<h6><i>Westminster to Putney, June 17, 1836, 4.20 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 255-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Solly, W. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Green, F. S., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stanley, E. S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hartley, P., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, W. M., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Keane, J. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Upcher, A. W., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Granville, A. K. B., C.C.C. (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, G., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stephens, E., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baillie, W., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harris, T., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Isham, J. V., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pennefather, J., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thompson, W. S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moysey, F. L., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davies, E. W. L., Jesus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1837.</h5> + +<h6><i>First Leander Match (C.U.B.C.), Westminster to Putney, June 9, 1837.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 255-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nicholson, W. N., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Green, F. S., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Budd, R. H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Keane, J. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brett, W. B., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penrose, C. T., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padl1 padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fletcher, R., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Granville, A. K. B., Corpus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moulton, W. (cox.)</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center bb">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 255-3"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="center"><span class="smcap">Leander</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 8em;">Shepheard</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 8em;">Dalgleish</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Layton</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Horneman (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lloyd</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">James Parish (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sherrard</td> +<td colspan="2" class="bl"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></p> + +<h5>1838.</h5> + +<h6><i>Second Leander Match (C.U.B.C.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 256-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Leander</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 14em;">Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 14em;">Shepheard</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smyth, W. W., Second Trinity.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sherrard</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gough, Walter R., First Trinity.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lloyd</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yatman, W. H., Caius.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Layton</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penrose, C. T., First Trinity.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paris, A., Corpus.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dalgleish</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brett, W. B., Caius.</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1 bl">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bishop</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stanley, E., Jesus (stroke).</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moulton, W. (cox.)</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Parish (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="center">(A foul.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1839.</h5> + +<h6><i>Westminster to Putney, April 3, 1839, 4.47 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 256-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, Alfred H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smyth, W. W., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Abercrombie, J., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paris, A., Corpus</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penrose, C. T., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yatman, W. H., Caius</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brett, W. B., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stanley, E. S., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lee, S., Queen’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Compton, J., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maberly, S. E., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Garnett, W. J., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Walls, R. G., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hobhouse, R., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Powys, P. L., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bewicke, C., University (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ffooks, W. W., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></p> + +<h5>1840.</h5> + +<h6><i>Westminster to Putney, Wednesday, April 15, 1840, 1.30 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 257-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Massey, W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Taylor, S. B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. M., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Appleby, G. C., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penrose, F. C., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, H., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Viales, C. M., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius, (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mountain, J. G., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pocock, J. J. I., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maberly, S. E., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rogers, W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Walls, R. G., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, E., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meynell, G., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Somers Cocks, J. J. T., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Garnett, W. B., Brasenose (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1841.</h5> + +<h6><i>Westminster to Putney, Wednesday, April 14, 1841, 6.10 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 257-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Croker, W. R., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ritchie, A. M., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. M., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cobbold, R. H., Peterhouse</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penrose, F. C., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Viales, C. M., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Croker, J. M., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bethell, R., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richards, E. V., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mountain, J. G., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, E., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hodgson, H. W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lea, W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meynell, G., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Somers Cocks, J. J. T., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wollaston, C. B., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></p> + +<h5>1841.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley, 1841.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 258-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge Subscription Rooms</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cross, W. A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Anson, T. A., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yatman, W. H., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, W. M., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Viales, C. M., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brett, W. B., Caius (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Leander</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shepheard</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Layton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Julius, W.</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Romayne</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jenkins</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wallace</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dalgleish (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gibson, H. (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1842.</h5> + +<h6><i>Westminster to Putney, Saturday, June 11, 1842.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 258-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">M’Dougall, F. T., Magdalen Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Menzies, Sir R., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Breedon, E. A., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brewster, W. B., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bourne, G. D., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cox, J. C., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hughes, G. E., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Menzies, F. N., University (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">4</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tower, E., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watson, W., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penrose, F. C., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cobbold, R. H., Peterhouse</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, J., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. M., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pollock, A. B., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></p> + +<h5>1842.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley, 1842.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 259-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge Subscription Rooms</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yatman, W. H., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A., John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Appleby, G. C., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lonsdale, J. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ritchie, A. M., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, W. M., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Selwyn, C. J., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Beresford, J., Peter’s (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge University Boating Club</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tower, E., John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watson, W., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Viales, C. M., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cobbold, R. H., Peter’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, J., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. M., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pollock, J. C., Third Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1843.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley, 1843.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 259-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><a name="SecRef17" id="SecRef17"></a><span class="smcap">Oxford, the ‘Seven Oar,’</span> 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Menzies, Sir R., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, E., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brewster, W. B., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bourne, G. D., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cox, J. C., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lowndes, R., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hughes, G. E., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Menzies, F. (stroke), <i>æger</i></td> +<td colspan="3" class="center bb">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge Subscription Rooms</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yatman, W. H., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mann, G., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. M., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cobbold, R. H., Peterhouse</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, W. M., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Viales, C. M., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></p> + +<h5>1843.</h5> + +<h6><i>Gold Cup, Thames Regatta.</i></h6> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</p> + +<p class="center fsize80">Crew same as ‘Seven oar’ <i><a href="#SecRef17">supra</a></i>, except W. Chetwynd-Stapylton, Merton, +10 st. 6 lbs. at bow.</p> + +<h5>1844.</h5> + +<h6><i>Gold Cup, Thames Regatta. Chiswick Eyot to Putney Bridge.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 260-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spottiswoode, W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morgan, H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buckle, W., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dry, W. J., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tuke, F. E., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Raven, J., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Venables, H., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mann, G., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cloves, W. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brookes, T. W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richardson, J., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nicholson, W. W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arnold, F. M., Caius (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Leander</span>, 3.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Soanes</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Peacock</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lee</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hodding</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Julius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bumpstead</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jefferies</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dalgleish (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shepheard (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></p> + +<h5>1844.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 261-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spottiswoode, W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, H. E., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spankie, J., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tuke, F. E., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Conant, J. W., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morgan, H., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1844.</h5> + +<h6><i>The Stewards’ Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 261-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td colspan="4" class="center"><span class="smcap">St. George’s Club, London</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br" style="width: 16em;">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 12em;">Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Dry, W. J., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 padl1">M’Kay</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1 padl1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ross</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr1">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Tuke, F. E., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr1">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Lewis, G. B., Oriel (cox.)</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, A. (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1845.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 15, 1845, 6.1 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 261-3"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mann, G., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harkness, W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lockhart, W. S., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cloves, W. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arnold, F. M., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harkness, R., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richardson, J., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Munster, H., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Haggard, M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis, H., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buckle, W., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, F. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tuke, F. E., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richards, F. J., Merton (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></p> + +<h5>1845.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 262-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mann, G., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harkness, W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lockhart, W. S., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cloves, W. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hopkins, F. L., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Potts, H. J., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arnold, F. M., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Munster, H., Second Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spottiswoode, W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buckle, W., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Breedon, E. A., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penfold, E. H., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Conant, J. W., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">4</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1845.</h5> + +<h6><i>The Stewards’ Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 262-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Conant, J. W., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis, G. B., Oriel (cox.)</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">St. George’s Club, London</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ross</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Coulthard</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, A., (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></p> + +<h5>1845.</h5> + +<h6><i>Gold Cup, Thames Regatta.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 263-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge London Rooms</span>, 1.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rippingall, C., Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lockhart, W. S., Christ’s</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cloves, W. P., First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilder, E., Magdalene</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hopkins, F. L., First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arnold, F. M., Caius</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford Aquatic Club</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meynell, G., Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buckle, W., Oriel</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Breedon, E. A., Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hughes, G. E., Oriel</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Conant, J. W., St. John’s</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richards, F. J., Merton (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1846.</h5> + +<h6><i>Mortlake to Putney, April 3, 1846, 11.10 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 263-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Murdoch, G. F., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holroyd, G. F., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Clissold, S. T., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cloves, W. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilder, E., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harkness, R., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wolstenholme, E. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lloyd, T. B., Lady Margaret (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Polehampton, H. S., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burton, E. C., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Heygate, W. U., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Penfold, E. H., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Conant, J. W., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, F. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Soanes, C. J., St. John’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></p> + +<h5>1846.</h5> + +<h6><i>The Stewards’ Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 264-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">O.U.B.C., 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, F. M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Conant, J. W., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Haggard, M., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center bb">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 264-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Guy’s Club, London</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Forster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gruggen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ferguson</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cooper (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Roland (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1847.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 264-3"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moon, E. G., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Haggard, M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oldham, J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, F. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Griffiths, E. G. C., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">King, W., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Winter, G. R., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burton, E. C., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Soanes, C. J., St. John’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maule, W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gisborne, T. M., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wolstenholme, E. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Garfit, A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nicholson, C. A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harkness, R., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Vincent, S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jackson, F. C., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Murdoch, G. F., Lady Margaret (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></p> + +<h5>1848.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (First Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 265-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rich, W. G., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Haggard, M., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sykes, E., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, F. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Winter, G. R., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mansfield, A., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Milman, W. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burton, E. C., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Soanes, C. J., St. John’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Thames Club, London</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bruce</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thompson</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blake</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Playford</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robinson</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wallace</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chapman</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Walmsley (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Field (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1849</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Thursday, March 29, 5.40 p.m. (First Race.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 265-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Proby, H., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, W. J. H., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">De Rutzen, A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holden, C. J., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bagshawe, W. L. G., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Waddington, W. H., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hodgson, W. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wray, J. C., Second Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Booth, G., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wauchope, D., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty, J. W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tremayne, H. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burton, E. C., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steward, C. H., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mansfield, A., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sykes, E., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rich, W. G., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Soanes, C. J., St. John’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></p> + +<h5>1849</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, December 15, 2.44 p.m. (Second Race.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 266-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hornby, J. J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Houghton, W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wodehouse, J., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty, J. W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Aitken, J., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steward, C. H., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sykes, E., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rich, W. G., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cotton, R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baldry, A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pellew, H. E., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">De Rutzen, A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holden, C. J., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bagshawe, W. L. G., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Miller, H. J., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hodgson, W. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wray, J. C., Clare (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Booth, G., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1850.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 266-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">O.U.B.C. (<i>Walked over.</i>)</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cheales, H. J., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Houghton, W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hornby, J. J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Aitken, J., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steward, C. H., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty, J. W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sykes, E., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rich, W. G., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cotton, R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1850.</h5> + +<h6><i>The Stewards’ Cup, Henley.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 266-3"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">O.U.B.C. (<i>Walked over.</i>)</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hornby, J. J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Aitken, J., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steward, C. H., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty, J. W., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rich, W. G., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">11</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></p> + +<h5>1851.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 267-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rich, W. G., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nixon, W., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hornby, J. J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Houghton, W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Aitken, J., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Greenall, R., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sykes, E., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty, J. W., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burton, E. C., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">11</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Page, A. S., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Longmore, W. S., Sydney</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Formby, R., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cowie, H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brandt, H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holden, C. J., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tuckey, H. E., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, F. W., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Crosse, C. H., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">1</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1851.</h5> + +<h6><i>The Stewards’ Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 267-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">C.U.B.C., 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Page, A. S., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Longmore, W. S., Sidney</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tuckey, H. E., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, F. W., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Crosse, C. H., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 267-3"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Brasenose College, Oxon</span>, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mescott</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Errington</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hornby</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Greenall (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balguy (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></p> + +<h5>1852.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 3, 1.4 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 268-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prescot, K., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Greenall, R., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nind, P. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buller, R. J., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denne, H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Houghton, W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chitty, J. W., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cotton, R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Macnaghten, E., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brandt, H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tuckey, H. E., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Foord, H. B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hawley, E., Sidney</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Longmore, W. S., Sidney</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Norris, W. A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, F. W., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Crosse, C. H., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1852.</h5> + +<h6><i>The Stewards’ Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 268-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Greenall, R., Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barker, H. R., Christ Church</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nind, P. H., Christ Church</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balguy, F. St. J., Brasenose (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 268-3"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Argonauts</span>, London, 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pryor</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Payne</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">L. Payne</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. H. Playford (stroke)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burchett (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></p> + +<h5>1853.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 269-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Short, W. F., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moore, P. H., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">King, W., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buller, R. J., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denne, R. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nind, P. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prescot, K., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marshall, T. H., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">1</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Forster, G. B., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stephenson, S. V., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bramwell, A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hawley, E., Sidney</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Courage, E., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tomkinson, H. R., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blake, H., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Macnaghten, E., First Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Freshfield, E., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1854.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, April 8, 10.40 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 269-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Short, W. F., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hooke, A., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pinckney, W., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blundell, T., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hooper, T. A., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nind, P. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mellish, G. L., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marshall, T. H., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Galton, R. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nairne, S., Emmanuel</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, J. C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Agnew, S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Courage, E., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, H. F., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blake, H., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wright, J., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith, C. T., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">12</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></p> + +<h5>1855.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 270-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pearson, P. P., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Graham, E. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Schreiber, H. W., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairrie, E. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Williams, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Johnson, H. F., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blake, H., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, H. R. M., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wingfield, W., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Short, W. F., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Codrington, J. E., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Everett, C, H., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denne, R. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Craster, T. H. University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nind, P. H., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pinckney, W., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hooke, A., Worcester (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marshall, T. H., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">10</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1856.</h5> + +<h6><i>Mortlake to Putney, Saturday, March 15, 10.45 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 270-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">King-Salter, J. P., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Alderson, F. C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis-Lloyd, R., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairrie, E. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Williams, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">M’Cormick, J., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Snow, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, H. R. M., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wingfield, W., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gurdon, P., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stocken, W. F., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Salmon, R. T., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rocke, A. B., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Townsend, R. N., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lonsdale, A. P., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bennett, G., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thorley, J. T., Wadham (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Elers, F. W., Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>11</sup>⁄<sub>16</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></p> + +<h5>1857.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 4, 11.10 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 271-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Risley, R. W., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gurdon, P., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arkell, J., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Martin, R., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood, W. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warre, E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lonsdale, A. P., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thorley, J. T., Wadham (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Elers, F. W., Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holme, A. P., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benn, A., Emmanuel</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holley, W. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith, A. L., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Serjeantson, J. J., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pearson, P. P., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Snow, H., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wharton, R., Magdalene (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1858.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 27, 1 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 271-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lubbock, H. H., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith, A. L., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Havart, W. J., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darroch, D., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Williams, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, A. H., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wharton, R., Magdalene (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Risley, R. W., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arkell, J., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lane, C. G., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Austin, W. G. G., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lane, E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood, W. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warre, E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thorley, J. T., Wadham (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Walpole, H. S., Balliol (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></p> + +<h5>1858.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 272-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paley, G. A., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith, A. L., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Havart, W. J., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darroch, D., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, A. H., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, N., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morland, F. T., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">L.R.C., 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Leeds-Paine, F.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Walter, F.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Schlotel, C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ditton, E. G.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Farrar, W.</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paine, J.</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, A.</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Playford, H. H. (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Weston, H. (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1859.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Friday, April 15, 11 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 272-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baxter, H. F., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Clarke, R. F., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lane, C. G., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lawless, Hon. V., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morrison, G., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Risley, R. W., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thomas, G. G. T., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arkell, J., Pembroke (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robarts, A. J., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">1</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, N., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chaytor, A. J., Jesus.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith, A. L., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darroch, D., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Williams, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paley, G. A., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morland, J. T., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></p> + +<h5>1859.</h5> + +<h6><i>Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (First Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 273-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">London</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dunnage, G.</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Foster, C.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Potter, F.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dunnage, W.</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Farrar, W.</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paine, T.</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Casamajor, A. A.</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Playford, H. H. (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Weston, H. (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">4</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Strong, C. T., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baxter, H. F., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lane, E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warre, E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morrison, G., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Arkell, J., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lane, C. G., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Risley, R. W., Exeter (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robarts, A. J., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">1</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h6><i>Final Heat.</i></h6> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">London</span>, 1. (as before.)</p> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 273-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Heathcote, S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chaytor, H. J., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ingham, J. P., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holley, W. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Collings, H. H., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Royds, N., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morland, J. T., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></p> + +<h5>1860.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 31, 8.15 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 274-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Heathcote, S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chaytor, H. J., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ingles, D., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blake, J. S., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Coventry, M., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cherry, B. N., Clare</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, A. H., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morland, J. T., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Macqueen, J. N., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Norsworthy, G., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Halsey, T. F., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Young, J., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morrison, G., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baxter, H. F., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Strong, C. T., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Risley, R. W., Exeter (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robarts, A. J., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">9</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1861.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 23, 11 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 274-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Champneys, W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Merriman, E. B., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Medlicott, H. E., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robertson, W., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morrison, G., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Poole, A. R., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hopkins, H. G., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hoare, W. M., Exeter (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridsdale, S. O. B., Wadham (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">9</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richards, G. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chaytor, H. J., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tarleton, W. H., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blake, J. S., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Coventry, M., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Collings, H. H., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fitzgerald, R. U. P., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gaskell, T. K., Third Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>7</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></p> + +<h5>1862.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 12, 8 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 275-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodgate, W. B., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wynne, O. S., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jacobson, W. B. R., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burton, R. E. L., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morrison, A., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Poole, A. R., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carr, C. R., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hoare, W. M., Exeter (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hopwood, F. E., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gorst, P. F., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Chambers, J. G., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sanderson, E., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smyly, W. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fitzgerald. R. U. P., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Collings, H. H., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buchanan, J. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Richards, G. H., First Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">5</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1863.</h5> + +<h6><i>Mortlake to Putney, Saturday, March 28, 10.25 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 276-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Roberts, C. P., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Awdry, W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kelly, F. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Parson, J. C., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jacobson, W. B. R., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Seymour, A. E., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, M. M., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pocklington, D., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hawkshaw, J. C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pigott, E. V., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watson, H. S., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hawkins, W. W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Borthwick, G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Selwyn, J. R., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></p> + +<h5>1864.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 19, 11.30 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 276-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Roberts, C. P., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Awdry, W., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kelly, F. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Parson, J. C., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jacobson, W. B. R., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Seymour, A. E., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, M. M., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pocklington, D., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hawkshaw, J. C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pigott, E. V., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watson, H. S., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hawkins, W. W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Borthwick, G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Selwyn, J. R., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1865.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 8, 1.3 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 276-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Raikes, R. T., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Senhouse, H. P., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Henley, E. F., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Coventry, G. G., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Morrison, A., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood, T., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Schneider, H., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, M. M., Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watney, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Beebee, M. H. L., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pigott, E. V., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Borthwick, G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Griffiths, W. R., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lawes, C. B., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></p> + +<h5>1866.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 24, 7.48 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 277-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Raikes, R. T., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Crowder, F., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Freeman, W. L., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Willan, F., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Henley, E. F., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood, W. W., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Senhouse, H. P., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, M. M., Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Still, J., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Selwyn, J. R., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bourke, J. U., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fortescue, H. J., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watney, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Griffiths, W. R., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Forbes, A., Lady Margaret (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1867.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 13, 8.50 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 277-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bowman, W. P., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fish, J. H., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, E. S., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood, W. W., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tinné, J. C., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Crowder, F., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Willan, F., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marsden, R. G., Merton (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Anderson, W. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Collard, J. M., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bourke, J. U., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gordon, Hon. J. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cunningham, F. E., King’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Still, J., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watney, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Griffiths, W. R., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Forbes, A., Lady Margaret (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></p> + +<h5>1868.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 4, 12 noon.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 278-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford, 1.</span></td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, W. D., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yarborough, A. C., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ross of Bladensburgh, R., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marsden, R. G., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tinné, J. C., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Willan, F., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, E. S., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge, 2.</span></td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Anderson, W. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nichols, J. P., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wood, J. G., Emmanuel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lowe, W. H., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nadin, H. T., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">MacMichael, W. F., Downing</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Still, J., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pinckney, W. J., First Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warner, T. D., Trinity Hall (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">4</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1869.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Wednesday, March 17, 3.58 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 278-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford, 1.</span></td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodhouse, S. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tahourdin, R., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baker, T. S., Queen’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Willan, F., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tinné, J. C., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yarborough, A. C., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, W. D., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Neilson, D. A., St. John’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge, 2.</span></td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rushton, J. A., Emmanuel</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. H., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dale, J. W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Young, F. J., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">MacMichael, W. F., Downing</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Anderson, W. H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Still, J., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gordon, H. E., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">8</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></p> + +<h5>1869.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, August 27.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 279-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Willan, F., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Yarborough, A. C., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Tinné, J. C., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, J. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Harvard</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fay, J. S., Boston</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lyman, F. O., Hawaiian Islands</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Simmonds, W. H., Concord</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Loring, A. P., Boston (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burnham, A., Chicago (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1870.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Wednesday, April 6, 5.14 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 279-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Randolph, E. S. L., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ridley, J. H., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dale, J. W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spencer, E. A. A., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lowe, W. H., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Phelps, E. S., Sidney</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Strachan, J. F., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gordon, H. E., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">12</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mirehouse, R. W. B., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis, A. G. P., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baker, T. S., Queen’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwardes-Moss, J. E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Payne, F. E. H., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodhouse, S. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, W. D., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></p> + +<h5>1871</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 1, 10.8 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 280-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Follett, J. S., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, John B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lomax, H., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spencer, E. A. A., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lowe, W. H., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Phelps, E. L., Sidney</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Randolph, E. S. L., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gordon, H. E., First Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodhouse, S. H., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Giles, E., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baker, T. S., Queen’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Malan, E. C., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwardes-Moss, J. E., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Payne, F. E. H., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bunbury, J. M’C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lesley, R., Pembroke (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="left padl0 bb"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1872.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 23, 1.35 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 280-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, James B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, C. W., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robinson, G. M., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spencer, E. A. A., Second Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Read, C. S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, John B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Randolph, E. S. L., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Roberts, C. H., Jesus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="left padl0 bb"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ornsby, J. A., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Knollys, C. C., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Payne, F. E. H., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nicholson, A. W., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Malan, E. C., Worcester</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mitchison, R. S., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lesley, R., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Houblon, J. H. A., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hall, F. H., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></p> + +<h5>1873.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday March 29, 2.32 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 281-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, James B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hoskyns, E., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Peabody, J. E., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lecky-Brown, W. C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Turnbull, T. S., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Read, C. S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, C. W., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rhodes, H. E., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Candy, C. H., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Knollys, C.C., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Little, J. B., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Farrer, M. G., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nicholson, A. W., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mitchison, R. S., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sherwood, W. E., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ornsby, J. A., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dowding, F. T., St. John’s (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Frewer, G. E., St. John’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1874.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 28, 11.14 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 281-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hibbert, J. P., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Armytage, G. F., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, James B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Escourt, A. S., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lecky-Brown, W. C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Aylmer, J. A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Read, C. S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rhodes, H. E., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Candy, C. H., Caius (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, H. W., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sinclair, J. S., Oriel</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sherwood, W. E., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Harding, A. R., Merton</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Williams, J., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nicholson, A. W., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stayner, H. J., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Way, J. P., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lambert, W. F. A., Wadham (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></p> + +<h5>1875.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 20, 1.13 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 282-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Courtney, H. M’D., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marriott, H. P., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Banks, J. E., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mitchison, A. M., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stayner, H. J., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Boustead, J. M., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwardes Moss, T. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Way, J. P., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hopwood, E. O., Christ Church (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">3</td> +<td class="left padl0 bb"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hibbert, J. P., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, W. B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Dicker, G. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Michell, W. G., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Phillips, C. A., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Aylmer, J. A., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Benson, C. W., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rhodes, H. E., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">10</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1876.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 8, 2.2 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 282-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brancker, P. W., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis, T. W., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, W. B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gurdon, C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pike, G. L., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hockin, T. E., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rhodes, H. E., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shafto, C. D., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">13</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Courtney, H. M’D., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mercer, F. R., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hobart, W. H., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mitchison, A. M., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Boustead, J. M., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stayner, H. J., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marriott, H. P., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwardes-Moss, T. C., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Craven, W. D., Worcester (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="left padl0 bb"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></p> + +<h5>1877.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 24, 8.27 a.m. (Dead Heat.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 283-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>. †</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cowles, D. J., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Boustead, J. M., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pelham, H., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Grenfell, W. H., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stayner, H. J., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Mulholland, A. J., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwardes-Moss, T. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marriott, H. P., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Beaumont, F. M., New (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>. †</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hoskyns, B. G., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lewis, T. W., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fenn, J. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Close, W. B., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pike, L. G., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gurdon, C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hockin, T. S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shafto, C. D., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">6</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1878.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 13, 10.15 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 283-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ellison, W. A., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cowles, D. J., St. John’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Southwell, H. B., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Grenfell, W. H., Balliol</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pelham, H., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Burgess, G. F., Keble</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Edwardes-Moss, T. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marriott, H. P., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Beaumont, F. M., New (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, L. I. R., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watson-Taylor, J. A., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barker, T. W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Spurrell, R. J., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pike, L. G., Caius</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gurdon, C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hockin, T. E., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prest, E. H., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="left padl0 bb"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></p> + +<h5>1879.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 5, 12.45 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 284-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prest, E. H., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sandford, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bird, A. H. S., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gurdon, C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hockin, T. E., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Routledge, T., Emmanuel</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, R. D., First Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">7</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wharton, J. H. T., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robinson, H. M., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Disney, H. W., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Southwell, H. B., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cosby-Burrowes, T., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rowe, G. D., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hobart, W. H., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Marriott, H. P., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Beaumont, F. M., New (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1880.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Monday, March 22, 10.40 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 284-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Poole, R. H. J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, D. E., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hargreaves, F. M., Keble</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Southwell, H. B., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kindersley, R. S., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Rowe, G. D., University</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wharton, J. H. T., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">West, L. R., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hunt, C. W., Corpus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prest, E. H., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sandford, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barton, W., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Warlow, W. M., Queens’</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Armytage, N. C., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Davis, R. D., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prior, R. D., Queens’</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baillie, W. W., Jesus (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Clarke, B. S., Lady Margaret (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></p> + +<h5>1881.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Friday, April 8, 8.34 a.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 285-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Poole, R. H. J., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pinckney, R. A., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paterson, A. R., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buck, E., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kindersley, R. S., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, D. E., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wharton, J. H. T., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">West, L. R., Christ Church (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lyon, E. H., Hertford (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">0</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gridley, R. G., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sandford, H., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Watson-Taylor, J. A., Magdalene</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Atkin, P. W., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lambert, E., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hutchinson, A. M., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moore, C. W., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brooksbank, E. C., Trinity Hall (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Woodhouse, H., Trinity Hall (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1882.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 1, 1.2 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 285-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bourne, G. C., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">De Haviland, R. S., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fort, G. S., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paterson, A. R., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kindersley, R. S., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Buck, E., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brown, D. E., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Higgins, A. H., Magdalen (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lyon, E. H., Hertford (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">12</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jones, Ll. R., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hutchinson, M., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fellowes, J. C., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Atkin, P. W., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lambert, E., Pembroke</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moore, C. W., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Smith, S. P., First Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hunt, P. L., Cavendish (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">5</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>5</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></p> + +<h5>1883.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Thursday, March 15, 5.39 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 286-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bourne, G. C., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">De Haviland, R. S., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fort, G. S., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Puxley, E. L., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maclean, D. H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paterson, A. R., New Inn Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Roberts, G. Q., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">West, L. R., New Inn Hall (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lyon, E. H., Hertford (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">1</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gridley, R. G., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fox, F. W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moore, C. W., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Atkin, P. W., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Churchill, F. E., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Swann, S., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Meyrick, F. C., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hunt, P. L., Cavendish (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">1</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1884.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Monday, April 7, 12.54 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 286-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gridley, R. C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Eyre, G. H., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Straker, F., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Swann, S., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Churchill, F. E., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Haig, E. W., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Moore, C. W., Christ’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pitman, F. J., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Biscoe, C. E. T., Jesus (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shortt, A. G., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stock, L., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, C. R., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Taylor, P. W., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, D. H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Paterson, A. R., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Blandy, W. C., Exeter</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Curry, W. D. B., Exeter (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Humphreys, F. J., Brasenose (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">4</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>11</sup>⁄<sub>16</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></p> + +<h5>1885.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 28, 12.26 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 287-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Unwin, W. S., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Clemons, J. S., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Taylor, P. W., Lincoln</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, C. R., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wethered, F. O., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, D. H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Girdlestone, H., Magdalen (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Humphreys, F. J., Brasenose (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">8</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">2</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>13</sup>⁄<sub>16</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Symonds, N. P., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hardacre, W. R., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Perrott, W. H. W., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Swann, S., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Churchill, F. E., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Haigh, E. W., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Coke, R. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pitman, F. J., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wilson, G., Third Trinity (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">11</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h5>1886.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 3, 1.38 p.m.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 287-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bristowe, C. J., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Symonds, N. P., Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Walmsley, J., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Flower, A. D., Clare</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Muttlebury, S. D., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barclay, C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pitman, F. J., Third Trinity (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baker, G. H., Queen’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">6</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">9</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>11</sup>⁄<sub>16</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Unwin, W. S., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bryne, L. S. R., Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Robertson, W. St. L., Wadham</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Carter, C. R., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wethered, F. O., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, D., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Girdlestone, H., Magdalen (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maynard, W. E., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1 bb">7</td> +<td class="right padr0 bb">12</td> +<td class="bb"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">Average</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>23</sup>⁄<sub>32</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></p> + +<h5>1887.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, March 26. (Time, 20 min. 52 sec.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 288-1"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McKenna, R., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barclay, F., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Landale, P., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oxford, J. R., King’s</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fairbairn, S., Jesus</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Muttlebury, S. D., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Barclay, C., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bristowe, C. J., Trinity Hall (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Baker, G. H., Queen’s (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>,<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a +href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holland, W. F. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nickalls, G., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Williams, L. G., Corpus</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Parker, H. R., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">8</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wethered, F. O., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">McLean, D. H., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Titherington, A. F., Queen’s (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Clarke, H. F., Exeter (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span +class="label">[20]</span></a> Oxford broke an oar (No. 7) at Barnes Bridge.</p></div> + +<h5>1888.</h5> + +<h6><i>Putney to Mortlake, March 24. (Time, 20 min. 48 sec.)</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 288-2"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, 1.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Symonds-Tayler, R. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hannen, L., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Orde, R. H. P., First Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bell, C. B. P., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Muttlebury, S. D., Third Trinity</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Landale, P., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maugham, F. H., Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Gardner, J. C., Emmanuel (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Roxburgh, J. R., Trinity Hall (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">8</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, 2.</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">st.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1">lbs.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="blankrow"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Holland, W. F. C., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Parker, A. P., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bradford, W. E., Christ Church</td> +<td class="right padr1">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">9</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Fothergill, S. R., New</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">5.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cross, H., Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">6.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Parker, H. R., Brasenose</td> +<td class="right padr1">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">7.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Nickalls, G., Magdalen</td> +<td class="right padr1">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Frere, L., Brasenose (stroke)</td> +<td class="right padr1">10</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Stewart, A., New (cox.)</td> +<td class="right padr1">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">13</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Map322" id="Map322"></a> +<p class="leftlink"><a href="images/large322.png">Large<br />scale<br />map<br />(198 kB).</a></p> +<img src="images/map322.png" alt="Map of Oxford course" width="600" height="357" /> +<p class="caption"><i>London: Longmans & Co.</i></p> +<p class="fsize80 right" style="margin-top: -2em">E. Weller</p> +</div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></p> +<h3>O.U.B.C.: COLLEGE AND CLUB RACES.</h3> + +<h4><i>OXFORD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE EIGHTS: HEAD OF +THE RIVER.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 289"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1815</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 10em;">Brasenose (?)</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1854</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 10em;">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1822</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1823</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">No races</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wadham</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1824</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1825</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1858</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1826</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1859</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1827</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1828</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church later on</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1862</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1829</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1830</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">No races</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1831</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">}</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="left padl1">No records</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1832</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1833</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Queen’s</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1834</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Corpus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1835</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1836</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1837</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Queen’s</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1838</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pembroke</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a +href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a></td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oriel</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wadham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Corpus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">New College</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> O.U.B.C. founded.</p> +</div> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></p> +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY PAIR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 290-291"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Menzies, F. W. Menzies, R. S. Fox (cox.), University.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td class="left padl1">O. B. Barttelot, Corpus Christi; E. Royds, Brasenose; T. Evett (cox.), Corpus Christi.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. E. C. Stapylton, W. Bolland, J. H. Griffiths (cox.), University.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. Wilberforce, G. E. Hughes, G. B. Lewis (cox.), Oriel.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1">M. Haggard, W. H. Milman, F. J. Prout (cox.), Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1">M. Haggard, W. H. Milman, F. J. Prout (cox.), Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1">M. Haggard, W. H. Milman, C. J. Fuller (cox.), Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. Milman, E. C. Burton, H. Ingram (cox.), Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. G. Rich, A. Milman, Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. H. Michel, C. H. Steward, Oriel.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1">E. M. Clissold, Exeter; J. W. Chitty, Balliol.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. C. Bengoagh, Oriel; J. W. Chitty, Balliol.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Greenall, R. Prescot, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. F. Short, W. L. Rogers, New.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. Cadogan, Christ Church; W. F. Short, New.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. Cadogan, Christ Church; W. F. Short, New.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. F. Lonsdale, E. Warre, Balliol.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1">E. Warre, A. F. Lonsdale, Balliol.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1">P. W. Phillips, J. Arkell, Pemberton.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. B. Shaw-Hellier, Brasenose; F. Ho’comb, Wadham.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1">B. de B. Russell, R. F. Clarke, St. John’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. B. Woodgate, H. F. Baxter, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. Champneys, W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Shepherd, W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. P. Roberts, M. Brown, Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. P. Roberts, M. Brown, Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. T. Raikes, Merton; M. Brown, Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1">G. H. Swinney, G. H. Morrell, Merton.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. C. Crofts, F. Crowder, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. V. Jones, Exeter; W. C. Crofts, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1">F. Pownall, A. V. Jones, Exeter.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. Mair, St. Alb.; C. J. Vesey, St. John’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. W. M’C. Bunbury, Brasenose; A. G. P. Lewis, University.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. J. Preston, A. S. Daniel, University.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. Farrer, Balliol; M. Farrer, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1">M. Farrer, H. Benson, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. J. Preston, University; Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. M. Marriott, T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1">D. J. Cowles, W. L. Giles, St. John’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1">T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose; W. A. Ellison, University.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. R. L. Fletcher, F. P. Bulley, Magdalen.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1">E. Staniland, Magdalen; L. R. West, Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. Lowry, R. de Haviland, Corpus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1">G. C. Bourne, New; C. H. Sharpe, Hertford.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. G. Shortt, A. B. Shaw, Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. S. Unwin, Magdalen; J. Reade, Brasenose.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. McLean, D. H. McLean, New.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. McLean, D. H. McLean, New.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1">M. E. Bradford, F. W. Douglas, Christ Church.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY SCULLS,</i></h4> + +<h5><i>Originally presented by Members of Christ Church.</i></h5> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 291"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 15em;">T. T. Peocock, Merton</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 15em;">J. Rickaby, Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Morgan, Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. L. Freeman, Merton</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sir F. E. Scott, Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. C. Crofts, Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sir F. E. Scott, Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. C. Crofts, Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. W. Conant, St. John’s</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. C. Yarborough, Lincoln</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. S. Moon, Magdalen</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. C. Yarborough, Lincoln</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. C. Burton, Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. W. McC. Bunbury, Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">D. Wauchope, Wadham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. C. Knollys, Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Erskine Clarke, Wadham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. B. Little, Christ Church</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Erskine Clarke, Wadham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. Michell, Oriel</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Heaven, Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">L. C. Cholmeley, Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. M. Irving, Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">D. J. Cowles, St. John’s</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. F. Short, New</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. F. Short, New</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. Warre, Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lowndes, Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. Warre, Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. S. Chesshire, Worcester</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. W. Risley, Exeter</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. S. Chesshire, Worcester</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. W. Risley, Exeter</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Q. Roberts, Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. F. Baxter, Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. E. Staniland, Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. R. Finch, Wadham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. S. Unwin, Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. S. Unwin, Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. O. Wethered, Christ Church</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. E. Parker, University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Nicholls, Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. B. Michell, Magdalen</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></p> +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY<br />FOUR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 292-1"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oriel</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Oriel</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Christ Church</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Exeter</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Pembroke</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Balliol</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hertford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Corpus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">University</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalen</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Brasenose</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>C.U.B.C.: COLLEGE AND CLUB RACES.</h3> + +<h4><i>CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY BOAT CLUB:<br />HEAD OF THE +RIVER.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 292-293"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1827</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1855</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1828</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">St. John’s</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1856</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1829</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">St. John’s</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1857</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1830</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, St. John’s</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="center padl1 bl">1858</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Trinity</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1831</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, St. John’s</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="center padl1 bl">1859</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, First Trinity</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1832</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1860</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1833</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1861</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Christ’s</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1862</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1834</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1835</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Second Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1836<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1867</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Corpus</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1837</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1838</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Caius</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Caius</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Peterhouse</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Caius</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1849</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Second Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1851</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan="2" class="center">1854</td> +<td rowspan="2" class="fsize150">{</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lent, First Trinity</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">May, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY PAIR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 293-294"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. W. Brooks and W. P. Cloves, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1">S. Vincent and E. P. Wolstenholme, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. M. Hoare and T. M. Gisborne, St. John’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1">S. Vincent and W. Maule, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. B. Dickson and W. L. G. Bagshawe, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. Baldry, First Trinity, and W. L. G. Bagshawe, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. B. Cane and C. Hudson, St. John’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1">E. Macnaghten, First Trinity, and F. W. Johnson, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. S. Langmore and E. Hawley, Sidney.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Gordon and J. G. Barlee, Christ’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1">R. C. Galton, First Trinity, and H. Blake, Corpus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. Blake, Corpus, and J. Wright, St. John’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Gordon and P. H. Wormald, Christ’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. E. Thompson and N. Royds, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Beaumont and F. W. Holland, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1">D. Ingles, First Trinity, and J. P. Ingham, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. P. Fitzgerald, Trinity Hall, and J. P. Ingham, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. D. A. Burney and A. M. Channell, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. G. Chambers, Third Trinity, and R. Neave, Trinity Hall.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. A. Kinglake and J. R. Selwyn, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. A. Kinglake and W. R. Griffiths, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. R. Selwyn and W. R. Griffiths, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. R. Griffiths, Third Trinity, and J. U. Bourke, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1">E. Hopkinson and H. Herbert, Christ’s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. Pitt-Taylor and J. Blake-Humphrey, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1">L. P. Muirhead and E. Phelps, Sidney.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1">John B. Close and G. L. Rives, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1">James B. Close and John B. Close, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. E. Rhodes and E. Hoskyns, Jesus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1">P. J. Hibbert and E. Sawyer, Lady Margaret.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1">G. F. Armytage and C. D. Shafto, Jesus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. B. Close and G. C. Dicker, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. E. Hockin and C. Gurdon, Jesus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. G. Pinder and C. O. L. Riley, Caius.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1">A. H. Prior and H. Sanford, Lady Margaret.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. A. Watson-Taylor, Magdalene, and T. E. Hockin, Jesus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1">L. R. Jones and E. Priest, Jesus.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. F. Keiser and S. P. Smith, First Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. K. Hardacre and F. C. Meyrick, Trinity Hall.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1">C. J. Bristowe and F. C. Meyrick, Trinity Hall.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1">P. S. Propert and S. Swann, Trinity Hall.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. H. Coke and S. Swann, Trinity Hall.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1">S. D. Muttlebury and C. Barclay, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1">S. D. Muttlebury and C. T. Barclay, Third Trinity.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY FOUR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 294-295"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 20em;">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 20em;">Sidney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Sidney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity and Jesus rowed a dead-heat.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Magdalene</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity and Trinity Hall rowed a dead-heat.</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Jesus</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Emmanuel</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<h5>(COLQUHOUN CHALLENGE SCULLS).</h5> + +<h6><i>Presented in 1837 by P. Colquhoun, Esq., to the lady Margaret Boat +Club, and by that Club in 1842 to the competition of the C.U.B.C.</i></h6> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 295-296"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1837</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 25em;">Berney, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 25em;">J. G. Chambers, Third Trin.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1838</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Antrobus, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. D. Redpath, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Vincent, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Watney, Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1840</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Shann, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1841</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Shadwell (no challenger)</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. H. Wright, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1842</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Denman, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. Phelps, Sidney, and F. E. Marshall, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Thompson, Peterhouse</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">No race; postponed to 1870</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Miles, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. B. Close, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cloves, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. H. D. Goldie, Lady Mar.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Maule, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. W. Benson, Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bagshawe, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">James B. Close, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Bagot, Second Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. C. Dicker, Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Miller, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. B. Close, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Cowle and Hudson<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a +href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. A. Saunders, Second Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Macnaghten, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. C. Fenn, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Courage, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. W. Barker, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Galton, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Sandford, Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Wright, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Prior, Lady Margaret</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Salter, Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Keiser, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Beaumont, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. C. Fellowes, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Busk, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. W. Fox, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Ingles, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. Swann, Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Faley, Lady Margaret</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. J. Pitman, Third Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Channell, First Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. M. Cowper-Smith, First Trinity</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. C. Hawkshaw, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. C. Gardner, Emmanuel</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. B. Lawes, Third Trinity</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. B. P. Bell, Trinity Hall</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Dead heat and division.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>PROFESSIONAL WINNERS OF REGATTAS AND +CHAMPIONSHIPS.</h3> + +<h4><i>WINNERS OF THE AQUATIC CHAMPIONSHIP.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 296-297"> + +<tr class="bt bb"> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 bl br">Date</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Winner</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 br">Loser</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Course</td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Time</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="bl br"> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1 br">s.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1831, Sept. 9</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Campbell</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Williams</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">W. to P.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1838, Nov. 1</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Campbell</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Coombes</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">W. to P.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1846, Aug. 19</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Coombes</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Campbell</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1847, Sept. 29</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Coombes</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Newell</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">46</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1851, May 7</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Coombes</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. Mackinnery</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1852, May 24</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. Cole</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Coombes</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1852, Oct. 14</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. Cole</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Coombes</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">35</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1854, Nov. 20</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. A. Messenger</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. Cole</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1857, May 12</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. A. Messenger</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">30</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1859, Sept. 29</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">25</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1860, Sept. 18</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">T. White</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1863, April 14</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">G. W. Everson</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">27</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1863, June 16</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. A. W. Green</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">25</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1865, Aug. 8</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">26</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl"><a name="Anch8a" id="Anch8a"></a><a href="#Note8a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1866, July 4</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Hammill</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">33</td> +<td class="right padr0">29</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl"><a name="Anch8b" id="Anch8b"></a><a href="#Note8b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1866, July 5</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Hammill</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1866, Nov. 22</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. H. Sadler</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1867, May 6</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Chambers</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">31</td> +<td class="right padr0">41</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1868, Nov. 17</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Renforth</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">H. Kelley</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1874, April 16</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. H. Sadler</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. Bagnall</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">15</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1875, Nov. 15</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. H. Sadler</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. W. Boyd</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">29</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padl1 padr1 bl"><a name="Anch8c" id="Anch8c"></a><a href="#Note8c"><i>c</i></a></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1876, June 27</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Trickett</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Sadler</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">35</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1876,</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td colspan="4" class="left padl1 padr1 br">A match was made between Trickett and Lumsden, but the<br />latter forfeited.</td> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1876, June 29</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td colspan="4" class="left padl1 padr1 br">A match was made between Sadler and Higgins for the<br />Championship, +subject to the former beating Trickett, but<br />after being defeated Sadler forfeited.</td> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1877, May 28<span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%"><a +name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span></td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. W. Boyd</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Higgins</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">29</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1877, June 30</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td colspan="4" class="left padl1 padr1 br">Trickett beat Michael Rush for the Championship of the<br />World, +on the Parmatta River, New South Wales.</td> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1877, Oct. 8</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Higgins</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. W. Boyd</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">10</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1878, Jan. 14</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Higgins</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. W. Boyd</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl1 padr1 br">Foul</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1878, June 3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Higgins</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Elliott</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">38</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1878, Sept. 17</td> +<td class="fsize150">{</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch8d" id="Anch8d"></a><a href="#Note8d"><i>d</i></a> W. Elliott +beat R. W. Boyd in final heat of race for +the<br />‘Sportsman’s’ Challenge Cup, Putney to Mortlake.</td> +<td class="fsize150 br">}</td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">20</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1879, Feb. 21</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Elliott</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Higgins</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1879, June 16</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Elliott</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1880, Nov. 16</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Trickett</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Thames</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +<td class="right padr0">12</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1881, Feb. 14</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. C. Laycock</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">41</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1882, April 3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">R. W. Boyd</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Tyne</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">25</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1882, May 1</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Trickett</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">28</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1884, May 22</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. C. Laycock</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Nepean Riv., N.S.W.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1884, Aug. 16</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Beach</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Paramatta Riv., N.S.W.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center br">—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1885, Feb. 28</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Beach</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">C. Clifford</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Paramatta Riv., N.S.W.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">26</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1885, Mch. 28</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Beach</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">E. Hanlan</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Paramatta Riv., N.S.W.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">51</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1885, Dec. 18</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Beach</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">N. Matterson</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">Paramatta Riv., N.S.W.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">11</td> +<td class="left padl0 br"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1886, Sept. 18</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Beach</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">J. Gaudaur</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">29</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr class="bb"> +<td class="bl"> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">1886, Sept. 25</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">W. Beach</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1 br">Wallace Ross</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1">P. to M.</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +<td class="right padr1">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="br"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note8a" id="Note8a"></a>(<a href="#Anch8a"><i>a</i></a>) This was virtually a row over for Kelley, and no time was taken.</p> + +<p><a name="Note8b" id="Note8b"></a>(<a href="#Anch8b"><i>b</i></a>) Won on a foul.</p> + +<p><a name="Note8c" id="Note8c"></a>(<a href="#Anch8c"><i>c</i></a>) The first occasion of the Championship being taken from England.</p> + +<p><a name="Note8d" id="Note8d"></a>(<a href="#Anch8d"><i>d</i></a>) Boyd +passed the post first, but the race was awarded to Elliott on the foul.</p> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"><a name="Map332" id="Map332"></a> +<p class="leftlink"><a href="images/large332.png">Large<br />scale<br />map<br />(198 kB).</a></p> +<img src="images/map332.png" alt="Map of Cambridge course" width="350" height="576" /> +<p class="caption"><i>London: Longmans & Co.</i></p> +<p class="fsize80 right" style="margin-top: -2em">E. Weller</p> +</div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum' ><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></p> +<h3>THAMES NATIONAL REGATTA</h3> + +<h3 class="fsize80">FOR WATERMEN.</h3> + +<h4><i>CHAMPION FOURS (Winners).</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 298-1"> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Elswick Crew.</i>—Winship, Cook, Davidson, Bruce, Oliver (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Shakspeare Crew.</i>—Wood, Carrol, Ault, Taylor, Malony (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>North and South Crew.</i>—H. Clasper, W. Pocock, R. Chambers, T. Mackinney, G. Driver (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Newcastle Crew.</i>—J. H. Clasper, A. Maddeson, R. Chambers, H. Clasper, Short (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Pride of the Thames Crew.</i>—G. Francis, S. Salter, T. White, G. Hammerton, J. Driver (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Newcastle Crew.</i>—J. H. Clasper, R. Chambers, E. Winship, H. Clasper, R. Clasper (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>London Crew.</i>—T. Pocock, J. Wise, T. White, H. Kelley, W. Peters (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Kilmorey Crew.</i>—G. Hammerton, J. W. Tagg, E. Winship, R. Chambers, R. Clasper (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Newcastle Crew.</i>—J. H. Clasper, R. Chambers, E. Winship, H. Clasper, R. Clasper (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Thames Crew.</i>—H. Harris, T. G. Tagg, J. W. Tagg, G. Hammerton, R. W. Hanna (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Pride of the Thames Crew.</i>—T. Hoare, H. Kelley, J. W. Tagg, G. Hammerton, R. Hammerton (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Sons of the Thames Crew.</i>—F. Kilsby, R. Cook, G. Cannon, J. Sadler, S. Peters (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Pride of the Thames Crew.</i>—T. Hoare, J. Pedgrift, J. Sadler, G. Hammerton, J. Hill (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 298-2"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 12em;">H. Kelley, Fulham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 12em;">H. Kelley, Fulham</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Chambers, Newcastle</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Cooper, Redheugh</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Kelley, Fulham</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. A. W. Green, Australia</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Chambers, Newcastle</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Kelley, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Chambers, Newcastle</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Chambers, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Wise, Kew</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Cooper, Redheugh</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Hammerton, Teddington</td> +<td colspan="2" class="bl"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></p> + +<h4><i>PAIR-OARS (Winners).</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 299-1"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 18em;">Pocock and Clasper</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 18em;">Winship and Chambers</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Winship and Bruce, Elswick</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Winship and Chambers</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Winship and Bruce</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Green and Kelley, Australia and Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hammerton and Francis, Teddington</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kilsby and Cook, London and Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Hammerton and Francis</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Kilsby and Cook, London and Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Winship and Chambers, Newcastle</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Hammerton and J. Sadler, Surbiton</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>APPRENTICES’ SCULLS: COAT AND BADGE (Winners).</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 299-2"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 12em;">G. Hammerton, Teddington</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 12em;">J. W. Tagg, Moulsey</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. Salter, Wandsworth</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Cook, Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. Bell, Richmond</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Wise, Hammersmith</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Hemmings, Richmond</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Callas, Richmond</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">E. Eagers, Chelsea</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Sadler, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1861</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Hoare, Hammersmith</td> +<td colspan="2" class="bl"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>THAMES NATIONAL REGATTA (<i>Second Series</i>).</h3> + +<h4><i>FOURS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 299-300"> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Newcastle Crew.</i>—J. Taylor, M. Scott, A. Thompson, R. Chambers (Wallsend) +(stroke), T. French (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Surbiton Crew.</i>—J. Sadler, J. Pedgrift, W. Messenger, G. Hammerton (stroke), +R. Hammerton (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Newcastle Crew.</i>—R. Hepplewhite, J. Percy, J. Bright, R. Chambers (stroke), +F. M’Lean (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Glasgow Crew.</i>—J. Moody, T. Smillie, J. Calderhead, W. Calderhead (stroke), +J. M. Green (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Hammersmith Crew.</i>—H. Thomas, T. Green, J. Anderson, W. Biffen, jun. (stroke), +G. Martin (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Hammersmith Crew.</i>—T. Green, H. Thomas, J. Anderson, W. Biffen (stroke), H. Goldsmith (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Hammersmith Crew.</i>—T. Green, H. Thomas, J. Anderson, W. Biffen (stroke), G. Holder (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1875<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Newcastle Crew.</i>—R. Hepplewhite, W. Nicholson, R. Bagnall, R. W. Boyd (stroke), J. Cox (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padl1 padr1">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1"><i>Thames Crew.</i>—W. F. Spencer, H. Thomas, J. Higgins, T. Green (stroke), J. Holder (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>PAIRS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 300-1"> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. Taylor and M. Scott, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. Taylor and T. Winship, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1">G. Carr and T. Matfin, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. Biffen, jun. and G. Hammerton</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. Taylor and T. Winship, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Bagnall and J. Taylor, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1">W. Biffen and H. Thomas</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. Bagnall and R. W. Boyd, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. Green and H. Thomas, Thames</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 300-2"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padr1" style="width: 12em;">J. Renforth, Newcastle</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note9b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padr1" style="width: 12em;">A. Hogarth, Sunderland</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padr1">J. Renforth, Newcastle</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note9b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padr1">R. W. Boyd, Newcastle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padr1">J. H. Sadler, Surbiton</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note9b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padr1">T. Blackman, London</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a name="Anch9a" id="Anch9a"></a><a href="#Note9a"><i>a</i></a></td> +<td class="left padr1">J. Anderson, Hammersmith</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padr1">T. Blackman, Dulwich</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="center padl1 padr1"><a href="#Note9b"><i>b</i></a></td> +<td class="left padr1">J. Anderson, Hammersmith</td> +<td colspan="3" class="bl"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note9a" id="Note9a"></a>(<a href="#Anch9a"><i>a</i></a>) Limited to men who have never sculled for a stake of 50<i>l.</i></p> + +<p><a name="Note9b" id="Note9b"></a>(<i>b</i>) For men who have never sculled for a stake of 100<i>l.</i></p> +</div> + +<h4><i>APPRENTICES’ SCULLS: COAT AND BADGE.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 300-3"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 13em;">W. Biffen, Jun., Hammersmith</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 13em;">J. Phillips, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Griffiths, Wandsworth</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Phillips, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Messenger, Teddington</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Tarryer, Rotherhithe</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Green, Hammersmith</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Clasper, Oxford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Messum, Richmond</td> +<td colspan="2" class="bl"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>THAMES INTERNATIONAL REGATTA.</h3> + +<h4><i>CHAMPION SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 301-1"> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">1876 R. W. Boyd,</td> +<td class="left padl3">1877 T. Blackman,</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">1878 W. Elliott.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>CHAMPION FOURS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 301-2"> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr3">1876 <a name="Anch10a" id="Anch10a"></a><a href="#Note10a"><i>a</i></a> Tyne crew,</td> +<td class="center padl3">1877 Thames crew,</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">1878 Tyne crew.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="Note10a" id="Note10a"></a>(<a href="#Anch10a"><i>a</i></a>) After a foul, the Tyne men won on the second day.</p> +</div> + +<h4><i>CHAMPION PAIRS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 301-3"> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. W. Boyd and W. Lumsden.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1">J. Higgins and H. Thomas.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center padr1">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1">R. W. Boyd and W. Lumsden.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>ROYAL THAMES REGATTA,</h3> + +<h3 class="fsize80"><i>Established 1843</i>.</h3> + +<h4><i>WATERMEN’S PRIZES.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 301-4"> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1">No race for professionals.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">Fours.</span>—<i>London four</i>, T. Coombes, Phelps, Newell, and R. Coombes beat H. Clasper’s crew for 100<i>l.</i> prize.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">Sculls.</span>—H. Clasper won in the first ‘outrigged’ sculling boat.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">Fours.</span>—H. Clasper, R. Clasper, W. Clasper, and Hawtor beat Coombes’s four.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1"><span class="smcap">Fours.</span>—T. Coombes, Newell, Phelps, and R. Coombes won.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1">No race.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1">Clasper’s crew won (Coombes in the boat).</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1">Clasper’s crew won fours. (This was the last year of the regatta.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>BRITISH REGATTA IN PARIS, 1867</h3> + +<h3 class="fsize80">(EXHIBITION YEAR).</h3> + +<h4><i>CHAMPION FOURS.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Page 302-1"> + +<tr> +<td class="center top padr1">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1"><i>Albion Crew, Newcastle.</i>—J. Taylor, M. Scott, A. Thompson, R. Chambers (St. Anthony’s) +(st.), T. Richardson (cox.)</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>PAIR-OARS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center fsize80">R. Cook and H. Kelley, Oxford and London.</p> + +<h4><i>SCULLS.</i></h4> + +<p class="center fsize80">H. Kelley, Putney.</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>WORLD’S REGATTA ON THE THAMES.</h3> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 302"> + +<tr> +<td class="right top padr1">1880</td> +<td colspan="3" class="just padl1">On November 18 a sculling regatta organised by an American<br /> +firm, ‘The Hop Bitters’ Co., was commenced on the Thames. It<br /> +lasted three days, and prizes amounting to 1,000<i>l.</i> were given<br />and won as under:—</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">1.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr6">Elias C. Laycock, Sydney, N.S.W.</td> +<td class="padl6">£</td> +<td class="right padl1">500</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">2.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr6">Wallace Ross, St. John’s, New Brunswick</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padl1">300</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">3.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr6">George Hosmer, Boston, U.S.A.</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padl1">140</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="right padr1">4.</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr6">Warren Smith, Halifax, Nova Scotia</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padl1">60</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></p> +<h3>WINNERS OF DOGGETT’S COAT AND +BADGE.</h3> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 303-304"> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1791</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 15em;">T. Easton, Old Swan</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1840</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1" style="width: 15em;">W. Hawkins, Kidney Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1792</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Kettleby, Westminster</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1841</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Moore, Surrey Canal</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1793</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. Haley, Horselydown</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1842</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Liddey, Wandsworth</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1794</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Franklin, Putney</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1843</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Fry, Kidney Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1795</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Parry, Hungerford</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1844</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. Lett, Lambeth</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1796</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Thompson, Wapping Old Stairs</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1845</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Cobb, Greenwich</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1797</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Hill, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1846</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Wing, Pimlico</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1798</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Williams, Ratcliff Cross</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1847</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Ellis, Westminster</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1799</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Dixon, Paddington Street</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1848</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Ash, Rotherhithe</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1800</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Burgoyne, Blackfriars</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1849</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Cole, jun., Chelsea</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1801</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Curtis, Queenhithe</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1850</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Campbell, Winchester</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1802</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Burns, Limehouse</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1851</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Wigget, Somer’s Quay</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1803</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Fowler, Hungerford</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1852</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. Constable, Lambeth</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1804</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. Gingle, Temple</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1853</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Finnis, Tower</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1805</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Johnson, Vauxhall</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1854</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">D. Hemmings, Bankside</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1806</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Godwin, Ratcliff Cross</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1855</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. White, Mill Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1807</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Evans, Mill Stairs</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1856</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. W. Everson, Greenwich</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1808</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Newell, Battle Bridge</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1857</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. White, Mill Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1809</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">F. Jury, Hermitage</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1858</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. J. Turner, Rotherhithe</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1810</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Smart, Strand</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1859</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. Farrow, jun., Mill Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1811</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Thornton, Hungerford</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1860</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. J. M. Phelps, Fulham</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1812</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. May, Westminster</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1861<span class="pagenum" style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span></td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. Short, Bermondsey</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1813</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Farson, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1862</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Messenger, Cherry Garden Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1814</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Harris, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1863</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Young, Rotherhithe</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1815</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Scott, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1864</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">D. Coombes, Horselydown</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1816</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Senham, Blackfriars</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1865</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. W. Wood, Mill Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1817</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Robson, Wapping Old Stairs</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1866</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. Iles, Kew</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1818</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Nicholls, Greenwich</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1867</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. M. Maxwell, Custom House</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1819</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Emery, Hungerford</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1868</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">A. Egalton, Blackwall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1820</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Hartley, Strand</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1869</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Wright, Bermondsey</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1821</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Cole, sen., Chelsea</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1870</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Harding, Blackwall</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1822</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Noulton, Lambeth</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1871</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. J. Mackinney, Richmond</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1823</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Butcher, Hungerford</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1872</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. G. Green, Hammersmith</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1824</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Fogo, Battle Bridge</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1873</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Messum, Richmond</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1825</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Staples, Battle Bridge</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1874</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. W. Burwood, Wapping</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1826</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Foett, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1875</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Phelps, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1827</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Foss, Fountain Stair</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1876</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. T. Bullman, Shadwell Dock</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1828</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Mallett, Lambeth</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1877</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Tarryer, Rotherhithe</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1829</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. Stubbs, Old Barge House</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1878</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. E. Taylor, Hermitage Stairs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1830</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Butler, Vauxhall</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1879</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">Henry Cordery, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1831</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Oliver, Deptford</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1880</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. G. Cobb, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1832</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">R. Waight, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1881</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Claridge, Richmond</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1833</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">G. Maynard, Lambeth</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1882</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. A. Audsley, Waterloo</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1834</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Tomlinson, Whitehall</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1883</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Lloyd, Chelsea</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1835</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. Dyson, Kidney Stairs</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1884</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">C. Phelps, Putney</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1836</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Morris, Horselydown</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1885</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">J. Mackinney, Richmond</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1837</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Harrison, Bankside</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1886</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">H. Cole, Deptford</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1838</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">S. Bridge, Kidney Stairs</td> +<td class="center padl1 bl">1887</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">W. G. East</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">1839</td> +<td class="left padl1 padr1">T. Goodrum, Vauxhall Stairs</td> +<td colspan="2" class="bl"> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3>RIVERS AND COURSES.</h3> + +<h4><i>RIVER LEA.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 304-305"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="center">Distance from</td> +</tr> + +<tr style="line-height: 10px;"> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="figcenter"><img src="images/brace100.png" alt="horizontal brace" width="100" height="9" /></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl2 padr2"><span class="smcap">Limehouse</span></td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl2 padr2"><span class="smcap">Hertford</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hertford</td> +<td class="right padr3">27</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hertford Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">27</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Ware Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Ware</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hard Mead Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">24</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Amwell Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Stanstead Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">22</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Rye House, Hoddesdon</td> +<td class="right padr3">21</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Feildes Weir Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">21</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Dobbs’s Weir Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Carthagena Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">19</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +<td class="right padr3">8</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Broxbourne Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">19</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">8</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Aqueduct Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">17</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr3">10</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cheshunt Mill</td> +<td class="right padr3">16</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">11</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Waltham Common Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">15</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">12</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Waltham Abbey Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">14</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">13</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Romney Marsh Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">14</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">13</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Enfield Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">13</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">14</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Ponder’s End Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">11</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">16</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Pickett’s Lock<span class='pagenum' +style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span></td> +<td class="right padr3">10</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">17</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Edmonton Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">9</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">18</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Stone Bridge Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">8</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">19</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Tottenham Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Tottenham Railway Bridge.</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">21</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Lea Bridge.</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">22</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Homerton Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Duckett’s Canal Junction</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">24</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Old Ford Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bow Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bow Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bromley Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">26</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Britannia Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">27</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Limehouse Cut Entrance</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">27</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>LENGTH OF RACING COURSES.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 305-306"> + +<tr style="line-height: 1px;"> +<td style="width: 2em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .1em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .25em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .25em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .5em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 2.3em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .1em;"> </td> +<td style="width: .1em;"> </td> +<td style="width: 2.5em;"> </td> +<td colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Barnes Regatta Course</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Barrow, Walney Channel</td> +<td class="left">2 miles 600 yards</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Bedford Regatta</td> +<td class="left"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Blyth, Flanker to Cowper Gut</td> +<td class="left">2 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Bristol, from Hotwells to Bristol</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Boston, River Witham</td> +<td class="left">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Cambridge</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Chester</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Clydesdale</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Cork</td> +<td class="left">2 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Derby</td> +<td class="left">1 mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Dublin</td> +<td class="left">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Durham</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 300 yards</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Ely, Littleport to Adelaide Bridge</td> +<td class="left">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Exeter</td> +<td class="left">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Halton Water</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Henley-on-Thames</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="left">Huntington</td> +<td colspan="7"> </td> +<td class="left">1<sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="5" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="7" class="left padl1 padr6">for time races</td> +<td class="left">3 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Hollingworth Lake</td> +<td class="left">3 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Hereford</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 536 yards</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Ipswich</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 700 yards</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="6" class="left">King’s Lynn,</td> +<td colspan="6" class="left padl1 padr6">Champion Course</td> +<td class="left">2 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="6" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="6" class="left padl1 padr6">Prince of Wales’s Course</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Kingston-on-Thames, Seething Wells to Kingston +Bridge<span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span></td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3" class="left">Lincoln,</td> +<td colspan="9" class="left padl1 padr6">sculling and pair-oared</td> +<td class="left"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="3" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="9" class="left padl1 padr6">four-oared</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">London Bridge to Old Swan, Chelsea</td> +<td class="left">4 miles 3 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Manchester</td> +<td class="left">2 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Moulsey (down stream)</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Newark, Devonmouth to Magnus Boathouse</td> +<td class="left">1 mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left">Oxford,</td> +<td colspan="10" class="left padl1 padr6">Iffley to the Barges</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>8</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="10" class="left padl1 padr6">Abingdon Lasher to Nuneham Cottage</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="left">Putney</td> +<td colspan="10" class="left padl1 padr6">to Barnes Bridge</td> +<td class="left">3 miles 6 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="10" class="left padl1 padr6">to Chiswick</td> +<td class="left">2 miles 4 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="10" class="left padl1 padr6">to Hammersmith</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 6 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="10" class="left padl1 padr6">to Mortlake</td> +<td class="left">4 miles 3 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="left">Richmond,</td> +<td colspan="8" class="left padl1 padr6">Sion House to Richmond Bridge</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 7 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="4" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="8" class="left padl1 padr6">Cross Deep, Twickenham, to Richmond Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="left">1 mile 5 furlongs</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="8" class="left">Stockton-on-Tees,</td> +<td class="left padl1">Portrack</td> +<td class="left padl1">Course</td> +<td colspan="2"> </td> +<td class="left">4 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="8" class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1 padr6">above bridges</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Stourport</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Sunderland, North Hylton to Spa Well</td> +<td class="left">1 mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left">Tyne,</td> +<td colspan="6" class="left padl1">High Level</td> +<td colspan="2" class="left padl1">Bridge to</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr6">Waterson’s Gates</td> +<td class="left">1 mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="6" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr6">Meadow’s House</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="6" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr6">Armstrong’s Crane</td> +<td class="left">2 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="6" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr6">West Point of Paradise Quay</td> +<td class="left">2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="6" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr6">Scotswood Suspension Bridge</td> +<td class="left">3 miles 713 yards</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="6" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">„</td> +<td colspan="3" class="left padl1 padr6">Lemington Point</td> +<td class="left">4<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Tewkesbury</td> +<td class="left">2 miles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Walton-on-Thames (up stream)</td> +<td class="left">1 mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Warwick</td> +<td class="left">1<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub> mile</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="12" class="left padr6">Worcester</td> +<td class="left">1 mile</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>DISTANCES OF WEIRS ETC. OXFORD TO LECHLADE.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 306-307"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="center">Distance from</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="figcenter"><img src="images/brace100.png" alt="horizontal brace" width="100" height="9" /></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl3 padr3"><span class="smcap">Oxford<br />Bridge</span></td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl2 padr2"><span class="smcap">Lechlade<br />Bridge</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Oxford Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">36</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Godstow Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">33</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">King’s Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">31</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Ensham Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr3">28</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Pinkhill Lock<span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span></td> +<td class="right padr3">10</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">26</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Skinner’s Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">11</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Badlock Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">12</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Ridge’s Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">16</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Newbridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">17</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">18</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Shifford Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">19</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">17</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Dexford Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">16</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Tenfoot Weir Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">22</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">14</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Kent or Tadpole Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr3">12</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bushey Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">24</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr3">11</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Old Nan’s Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">26</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr3">9</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Old Man’s or Harper’s Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">26</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">9</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Radcot Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">28</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Eaton or Hart’s Upper Weir</td> +<td class="right padr3">31</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Buscot Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">33</td> +<td class="right padr3">3</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">St. John’s Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">35</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Lechlade Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">36</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>TABLES OF DISTANCES OF LOCKS ETC. +ON THE THAMES.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 307-310"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="6" class="center">Distance from</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="6" class="figcenter"><img src="images/brace100.png" alt="horizontal brace" width="100" height="9" /></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="3" class="center"><span class="smcap">Oxford<br />Folly<br />Bridge</span></td> +<td colspan="3" class="center padl3 padr3"><span class="smcap">London<br />Bridge</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">f.</td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="center">f.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Oxford Folly Bridge (stone) and Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">110</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Iffley Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">109</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Rose Island</td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">108</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Sandford Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">107</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Abingdon Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">103</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Abingdon Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">102</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Culham Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">100</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Clifton Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">97</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Clifton Hampden Bridge (brick)</td> +<td class="right padr3">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">97</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Day’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">15</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">94</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Shillingford Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">17</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">92</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Benson Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">19</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">91</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Wallingford Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">89</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Wallingford Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">81</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Little Stocke Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">87</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6"><span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span>Moulsford Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">85</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cleeve Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">25</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">84</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Goring Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">26</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">83</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Basildon Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">27</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">82</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Whitchurch Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">30</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">79</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Pangbourne Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">30</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">79</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Maple Durham Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">32</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">77</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Caversham Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">36</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">74</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Caversham Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">36</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">73</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Sonning Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">39</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">70</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Sonning Bridge (brick)</td> +<td class="right padr3">39</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">70</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Shiplake Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">42</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">68</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Wargrave Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">42</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">67</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Wargrave Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">42</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">67</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Marsh Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">44</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">65</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Henley Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">45</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">64</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Regatta Island (from this to Henley Bridge is<br />the usual Regatta course)</td> +<td class="right padr3">46</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">63</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hambledon Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">47</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">62</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Medmenham Abbey and Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">49</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">60</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hurley Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">51</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">58</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Temple Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">51</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">58</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Marlow Suspension Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">53</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">56</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Marlow Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">53</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">56</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cookham Railway Bridge (wooden)</td> +<td class="right padr3">56</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">54</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cookham Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">57</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">52</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cookham Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">57</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">52</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Boulter’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">60</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">50</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Maidenhead Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">60</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">49</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Maidenhead Railway Bridge (brick)</td> +<td class="right padr3">60</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">49</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bray</td> +<td class="right padr3">61</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">48</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bray Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">62</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">48</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Monkey Island</td> +<td class="right padr3">62</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">47</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Queen’s Island</td> +<td class="right padr3">63</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">46</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Boveney Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">64</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">45</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Windsor Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">66</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">43</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Windsor Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">67</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">43</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Windsor Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">67</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">42</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">South-Western Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">67</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">42</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Victoria Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">68</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">41</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6"><span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span>Datchet</td> +<td class="right padr3">68</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">41</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Albert Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">69</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">40</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Old Windsor Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">70</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">39</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Magna Charta Island</td> +<td class="right padr3">71</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">38</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bell Weir Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">73</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">36</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Staines Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">74</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">35</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Staines Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">74</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">35</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Penton Hook Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">76</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">33</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Laleham Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">76</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">33</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Chertsey Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">77</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">32</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Chertsey Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">78</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">32</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Shepperton Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">79</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">30</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Shepperton</td> +<td class="right padr3">80</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">29</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Halliford</td> +<td class="right padr3">81</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">29</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Walton Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">81</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">28</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Sunbury Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">83</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">26</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hampton Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">85</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">24</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Moulsey Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">86</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hampton Court Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">86</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">23</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Thames Ditton Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">87</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">22</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Messenger’s Island</td> +<td class="right padr3">88</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">21</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Kingston Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">89</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Kingston Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">89</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">20</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Teddington Lock</td> +<td class="right padr3">91</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">18</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Twickenham Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">92</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">17</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Richmond Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">94</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">16</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Richmond Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">94</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">15</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Isleworth (Railhead) Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">94</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">15</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Isleworth</td> +<td class="right padr3">95</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">14</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Brentford Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr3">96</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Kew Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">97</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">13</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Strand-on-the-Green Railway Bridge (iron) about</td> +<td class="right padr3">97</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">12</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Barnes Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">99</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">11</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hammersmith South Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">100</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">9</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Putney Bridge (wooden)</td> +<td class="right padr3">102</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">7</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Battersea Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr3">104</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr0">5</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Battersea Bridge (wooden)</td> +<td class="right padr3">105</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">5</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Chelsea Suspension Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">106</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">4</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Vauxhall Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">107</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Lambeth Suspension Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">107</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">2</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6"><span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span>Westminster +Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">108</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">7</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Charing Cross Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">108</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">4</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Waterloo Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">108</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">1</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Blackfriars Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">109</td> +<td class="right padr0">3</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Southwark Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">109</td> +<td class="right padr0">6</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">2</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cannon Street Railway Bridge (iron)</td> +<td class="right padr3">110</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">London Bridge (stone)</td> +<td class="right padr3">110</td> +<td class="right padr0">1</td> +<td class="left padl0"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></td> +<td class="right padr3">0</td> +<td class="right padr0">0</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>ON THE RIVER MEDWAY.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 310-311"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="center">Distance from</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="figcenter"><img src="images/brace100.png" alt="horizontal brace" width="100" height="9" /></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1"><span class="smcap">Sheerness</span></td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1"><span class="smcap">Tonbridge</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +<td class="center">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Tonbridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">46</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Tonbridge Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">46</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Giles’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">45</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Eldridge’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">44</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Porter’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">43</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">East Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">42</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Nook Weare Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">41</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">New Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">40</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Sluice Weare Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">40</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Brandbridge’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">39</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">South-Eastern Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">39</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Stoneham Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">38</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Yalding Village</td> +<td class="right padr2">37</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">8</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Hampstead Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">37</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">9</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Wateringbury Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">35</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">11</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Yeston Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">34</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">12</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Yeston Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">34</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">12</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">East Farleigh Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">32</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">14</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">East Farleigh Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">32</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">14</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Maidstone Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">29</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">16</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Maidstone Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">29</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">16</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Gibraltar Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">27</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">18</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Aylesford Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">25</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">20</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Snodland Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr2">20</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">26</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Lower Halling Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr2">18</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">28</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Rochester Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">14</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">32</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Rochester Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">14</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">32</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Chatham</td> +<td class="right padr2">12</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">34</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Chatham Dockyard<span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a +name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span></td> +<td class="right padr2">12</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">34</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Upnor Castle</td> +<td class="right padr2">11</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">35</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Gillingham</td> +<td class="right padr2">8</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">38</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">River Swale</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">44</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Sheerness</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">46</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<h4><i>ON THE RIVER WEY.</i></h4> + +<table class="fsize80" summary="Table page 311"> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="center">Distance from</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="4" class="figcenter"><img src="images/brace100.png" alt="horizontal brace" width="100" height="9" /></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1"><span class="smcap">Thames Lock</span></td> +<td colspan="2" class="center padl1 padr1"><span class="smcap">Godalming</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center padl1">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +<td class="center padl1">m.</td> +<td class="center">f.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Godalming</td> +<td class="right padr2">20</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Catshail Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">19</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Unsted Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">18</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Broadford Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">17</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Shalford Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">17</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">St. Catherine’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">16</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">St. Catherine’s Ferry</td> +<td class="right padr2">16</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Guildford Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">15</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Guildford Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">15</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Stoke Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">12</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Bower’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">11</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Trigg’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">9</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">10</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Scud Heath</td> +<td class="right padr2">9</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">11</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Worsfold’s Gates</td> +<td class="right padr2">8</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">11</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Paper Court Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">7</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">12</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Newark Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">6</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">14</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Pirford Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">14</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">South-Western Railway Bridge</td> +<td class="right padr2">3</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">17</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">New Haw Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">2</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +<td class="right padr2">17</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Cox’s Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">5</td> +<td class="right padr2">18</td> +<td class="right padr2">4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Weybridge Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">19</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr6">Thames Junction Lock</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">0</td> +<td class="right padr2">20</td> +<td class="right padr2">1</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312"></a> +<a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span></p> + +<h2>APPENDIX.</h2> + +<h3><i>THE EARLY HISTORY OF BOAT RACING AT +THE UNIVERSITIES.</i><a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a +href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Reprinted from <i>Land and Water</i> of December 17, 1881.</p></div> + +<p>The history of early college boat racing is not strictly that of +the University boat race itself, but it is closely wound up with it, +and it was, moreover, the origin of that aquatic rivalry between +the two Universities which led to the first match of 1829.</p> + +<p>Oxford had inaugurated eight-oared rowing; that introduced +inter-college bumping races. Cambridge followed suit and established +similar races, and hence arose the constant study of +aquatics which produced the first match. For these reasons, we +think that the history here given will be read with interest by all +University oarsmen, the more so because it, to the best of our +knowledge, has never before appeared in print. No official record +of their early races has been preserved; the oldest boating record +in Oxford is the Brasenose Club Book, dating 1837. That of the +O.U.B.C. commences with its establishment, 1839. The ‘Charts’ +of the boat races from 1837, published by Messrs. Spiers & Sons, +and which were not invented till after the year 1850, obtain the +retrospective racing, prior to the time when they first appeared, +from the MS. records of the B.N.C. book, the contents of which +were communicated to the publishers by the late Rev. T. Codrington. +But prior to 1837 all is blank. For the lost history here unearthed +we are indebted to the reminiscences and diaries of oarsmen of +those days still in the land of the living.</p> + +<p>Oxford started college boat racing before Cambridge. It does +not seem quite clear as to when bumping races actually commenced.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span> +Two or three colleges had boat clubs and manned eight +oars, and at first it seems to have been the practice for out-college +men to join the club and crew of colleges to which they did not +belong.</p> + +<p>The eight oars seem to have been in the habit of going down +to Sandford or Nuneham to dine, and of rowing home in company. +From Iffley to Oxford they were inclined to race to see who could +be home first. They could not race abreast, so they rowed in +Indian file, and those behind jealously tried to overtake the leaders. +Hence began the idea of starting in a fixed order out of Iffley +Lock, of racing in procession, and of an overtaken boat giving +place to its victor on the next night of procession.</p> + +<p>In 1822, at all events, there were bumping races. Christ +Church seems to have been head. There was a disputed bump +between B.N.C. and Jesus, and some violence seems to have +occurred, B.N.C. trying to haul down the Jesus flag, and the Jesus +men defending their colours. The dispute was finally closed by +Post of B.N.C. saying, ‘These cries of “Jesus” and “B.N.C.” +remind me of the old saying:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Different people are of different opinions;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Some like leeks, some like onions.’<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><a name="SecRef13" id="SecRef13"></a>(The oars of Jesus were decorated with leeks.) The quarrel was +made up, and the crews went together to Nuneham in their racing +boats. Unfortunately Musgrave, one of the party, fell overboard +and was drowned during the festivities. In 1823 there were no +eight-oared races, the sad accident of the year before having cast +a gloom over the pursuit. But several boats were manned. +Christ Church refused to put on a boat in consequence of Stephen +Davis, the boat-builder, rowing in the B.N.C. eight, and Isaac +King (who eventually took Davis’s business) in the Jesus boat. +Some strong feeling was displayed on this point. When the +B.N.C. boat came up the river, the Christ Church men used to run +alongside of it for many nights shouting, ‘No hired watermen.’ +After this year no watermen rowed in the college crews. Exeter +had a boat afloat that year, built by Hall of Oxford. She was +called the ‘Buccleuch’ in honour Of the Duke of that ilk.</p> + +<p>Among the Exeter men was one Moresby, who was a relative +of a naval captain of that name, and through his advice Exeter +ordered an eight-oar of Little, of Plymouth. She was finished in +time to be put on in 1824, and became famous as the ‘Exeter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span> +white boat.’ Stephen Davis was sent with a carriage constructed +for the purpose, to meet the boat at Portsmouth, whither she was +brought by sea. As this boat was built of deal, a raft was provided +to receive her—the first use of a raft for this purpose at Oxford. +The oars sent with the boat were such as are used at sea, and +made of ash. They were discarded in favour of ordinary oars, +such as those already in use for fresh-water rowing. She was +found to be too high out of the water, so Isaac King cut her down +one streak. The boat, as depicted in Turner’s water-colour drawing +of her, was taken when she was afloat and unmanned; her +crew were painted in her afterwards; consequently she rides too +high out of the water. The boats on the river in 1824 were, at the +beginning of the season, Christ Church 1, B.N.C. 2, Exeter 3. +Exeter bumped B.N.C. under the willows on the first night; the +next night of racing Christ Church took off, and Exeter became +head by the other’s default. The races were renewed another day, +and B.N.C. bumped Christ Church. This was the <i>last</i> year in +which the boats started out for Iffley Lock. The racing has +hitherto been conducted on this principle; the start between the +boats were just so much as the dexterity of the stroke could obtain. +He, the stroke, stood on the bow thwart, and ran down the row of +thwarts; pushing the boat along with his shoulder against the lock +gates, he reached his own thwart, by which time the impetus had +shot the boat clear of the lock, he dropped on to his own seat, and +began to row. The oarsmen had their oars ‘tossed’ meantime. +The boat next in order then followed the same process, and so on. +The boats lay in <i>échelon</i> while waiting for the start. Bulteel, who +was stroke of B.N.C. in the disputed race of 1822 (above mentioned), +and who afterwards was elected Fellow of Exeter in 1823, +was especially skilful at this. The Exeter crew of 1824 were: +Wareing, Dick, Parr, Dowglass, J. C. Clutterbuck, Cole, R. Pocklington +(father of D. Pocklington, stroke of Oxford in 1864), +Bulteel (stroke), S. Pocklington (cox.) The Rev. J. C. Clutterbuck, +now rector of Long Wittenham, near Abingdon, is well known as +a conservator of the Thames, to whom the Universities and rowing +men are much indebted for the clauses in the Conservancy Acts +which give that body powers to clear the river for boat racing. +The names of the other two crews of 1824 have not come fully to +posterity, but among B.N.C. are Meredith, North and Karle +(stroke); and in the Christ Church crew were Hussey, Baring and +Smyth (stroke).</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>In 1825 the boats started in line along the bank, each having +its umpire to regulate the distance between it and its neighbours +(one length). The boats at starting were Exeter, Christ Church +Worcester, Balliol (in this order). Exeter had discarded their old +love, and had got a ‘black boat,’ larger than the old ‘white boat,’ +but not so fast, according to later experiments. However, they +elected to row in her at first, and Christ Church bumped them, +also Worcester on a subsequent night. Later on Exeter rebumped +Worcester, and at the close of the racing the order was: Christ +Church, Exeter, Worcester, Balliol. Smyth was again stroke of +Christ Church, and R. Pocklington stroke of Exeter, in which +Messrs. Clutterbuck, Parr, Dowglass, Cole, and Wareing rowed +again, with Messrs. Harndon and Day as recruits.</p> + +<p>The term ‘Torpid’ seems to have arisen about this date, and +to have been applied to the ‘second’ boats of colleges, such as +Christ Church, who launched a second boat in 1826. Later on +the ‘Torpids’ took to racing among themselves as a separate +class, and under distinct qualifications.</p> + +<p>In 1826 the following rules were drawn up for the boat-racing, +and we give them verbatim:—</p> + +<p><i>Rule</i> 186.—Resolved (1) That racing do commence on Monday, +May 1.</p> + +<p>(2) That the days for racing be Monday and Friday in each +week, and that if any boat does not come out on those days its +flag do go to the bottom.</p> + +<p>(3) That no out-college crews be allowed to row in any boat, +except in cases of illness or other unavoidable absence, and then +that the cause of such absence be signified to the strokes of the +other boats.</p> + +<p>(4) That the boats below the one that bumps stop racing, and +those above continue it.</p> + +<p>(5) That there be a distance of fifty feet between each boat at +starting.</p> + +<p>(6) That the boats start by pistol shot.</p> + +<p>(7) That umpires be appointed by each college to see each +boat in its proper position before starting, and to decide any accidental +dispute.</p> + +<table summary="Table page 316"> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br">H. Saunders, Ch. Ch.</td> +<td class="left padl1">Henry Towers, Ch. Ch.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br">H. Moresby, Ex. Coll.</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. North, B. N. Coll.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br">E. A. Hughes, Jes. Coll.</td> +<td class="left padl1">H. Roberts, Ball. Coll.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span>Of the details of the racing, all that we can gather is that +Christ Church finished head.</p> + +<p>In 1827 rules were again drawn up and signed at a meeting of +strokes; the new code being much the same as its predecessor, +but with one or two small alterations. There was no U.B.C. in +existence, and therefore no fixed code, but only such as was agreed +on from year to year.</p> + +<h3><i>Rules for Boat-Racing, 1827.</i></h3> + +<p>(1) That the racing do begin on May 29.</p> + +<p>(2) That the days of racing be Tuesday and Friday in each +week, and that if any boat does not come out on those days its +flag do go to the bottom.</p> + +<p>(3) That no out-college man be allowed to row in any boat.</p> + +<p>(4) That no boat be allowed to race with less than eight oars.</p> + +<p>(5) That the boats below the one that bumps stop racing, those +above continue it.</p> + +<p>(6) That there be a distance of fifty feet between each boat at +starting.</p> + +<p>(7) That the boats start by pistol shot.</p> + +<p>(8) That umpires be appointed by each college to see each +boat in its proper place at starting, and to settle any accidental +dispute.</p> + +<p>The rules of the racing signed by:—</p> + +<table summary="Table page 317"> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br" style="width: 10em;">C.H. Page, Ch. Ch.</td> +<td class="left padl1" style="width: 10em;">F. C. Chaytor</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br">R. T. Congreve, B.N.C.</td> +<td class="left padl1">Geo. D. Hill, Trin. Coll.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br">A. C. Budge, Ex. Coll.</td> +<td class="left padl1">David Reid</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="left padr1 br">R. Pennefather, Ball. Coll.</td> +<td class="left padl1">T. Fox</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p>During these races Christ Church lost their pride of place. +Balliol seems to have first displaced them, and they in turn fell +victims to B.N.C. who remained head. The exact details of the +racing and full list of boats in this are unfortunately wanting.</p> + +<p>The racing of 1828 began as usual. No MS. copy of the rules +has come to our hands for this year, but they are believed to be a +reproduction of those of 1827.</p> + +<p>The racing resulted thus:—</p> + +<p>June 1.—Order of starting B.N.C., Balliol, University, Christ +Church, Trinity, Oriel.</p> + +<p>B.N.C. and Balliol remained in <i>statu quo</i>; Christ Church +claimed a bump against University which the latter disputed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span> +Oriel bumped Trinity. The disputed race between University and +Christ Church was renewed on June 3, and the Christ Church men +put wet paint on their bows so as to make sure of leaving their +mark if they should touch their opponents. They effected their +bump. The other boats do not seem to have raced on June 3.</p> + +<p>The next race was on June 4 between B.N.C., Balliol, Christ +Church, University, Trinity, and Oriel. Balliol bumped B.N.C., +and the other boats therefore ceased rowing according to the rules.</p> + +<p>The third race was on June 7. Balliol, B.N.C., Christ Church, +University, Trinity, and Oriel, started in this order: Balliol kept +ahead; Christ Church bumped B.N.C., and the two between them +had therefore to cease rowing; Trinity then took off. On June +10 the races were renewed, but no bump was effected by any boat.</p> + +<p>On June 13 there was another race, and Christ Church displaced +Balliol and went head.</p> + +<p>The races concluded on June 16, when Christ Church retained +the headship, and B.N.C. rebumped Balliol.</p> + +<p>The Christ Church crew of 1828 were:—(bow) Goodenough; +2, Gwilt; 3, Lloyd; 4, Moore; 5, Hamilton; 6, Mayne; 7, Bates; +(stroke) Staniforth. Hamilton became Bishop of Salisbury.</p> + +<p>In 1829, in consequence of the first match of its kind being +then arranged with Cambridge, and the date being fixed for March +10, there were no bumping races. Christ Church were accredited +as head of the river, from their having held that position from the +preceding year; and they were saluted as such. A scratch race, +however, was improvised on Commemoration afternoon, between +the boats, apparently manned by mixed crews of all colleges. It +seems to have been a bumping and not a level race, for the record +of the race is ‘no bump.’</p> + +<p>In 1830 the races were renewed, and the following colleges put +on eights:—Christ Church, B.N.C., Balliol, University, St. John’s, +in the order named.</p> + +<p>The racing began on June 8, and Balliol bumped B.N.C.</p> + +<p>On June 11, another race, and no bump by any boat.</p> + +<p>On June 15, St. John’s bumped University, the others above +them retaining their places and rowing to the end, as the bump +was astern of them.</p> + +<p>On June 18 another race, but no bump.</p> + +<p>On June 20 another race, and no bump.</p> + +<p>We hope at a later period to supply the hiatus in history between +this last mentioned year and 1837, in which year the written<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> +records of the B.N.C. book commenced, and for which charts of +the races are published. Meanwhile we shall thankfully receive +any information on this subject from the heroes of those days who +may now be alive and hearty.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Map356" id="Map356"></a> +<p class="leftlink"><a href="images/large356.png">Large<br />scale<br />map<br />(150 kB).</a></p> +<img src="images/map356.png" alt="Map of Henley course" width="600" height="379" /> +<p class="caption"><i>London: Longmans & Co.</i></p> +<p class="fsize80 right" style="margin-top: -2em">E. Weller</p> +</div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3><i>HENLEY, PAST AND FUTURE.</i><a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a +href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span +class="label">[24]</span></a> From the <i>Field</i>, July 5, 1886.</p></div> + +<p>The inauguration of a new era in the history of Henley Regatta +naturally tends to make the mind wander into vistas of the past, +perhaps even more than into speculations of the future. There +are oarsmen living who can recollect when Henley Regatta did not +even exist, and yet we are within an appreciable distance (three +years) of the ‘jubilee’ of the gathering. There are sundry old +Blues of the 1829 match still hale and hearty, and the regatta was +not founded until ten years after that date. <i>Apropos</i> of that 1829 +match, we have never seen it officially recorded that in the race +Cambridge steered up the Bucks and Oxford in the Berks channel +of the river, where the island divides it. Yet we have heard the +Rev. T. Staniforth, the Oxford stroke, relate the fact. For some +strange reason, the general opinion of <i>habitués</i> of the river prior to +that match was that the Bucks channel gave the better course. The +boughs of the island trees obstructed the Berks channel more than +now, and this may explain the delusion. However, the Oxonians +doubted the soundness of local opinion, and tested in practice the +advantages of the two channels by timing themselves through +each. They naturally found the inside course the shorter cut. In +the race they adopted it, while Cambridge, so we hear, took the +outside channel; and the previous lead of Oxford was more than +trebled by the time that the boats came again into the main river.</p> + +<p>Times and ideas of rowing have changed much since the first +regatta at Henley opened and closed with contests for the Grand +Challenge Cup, the only prize at its foundation. The ‘Town’ +Cup seems to have been the next addition, under the name of the +‘District Challenge’ Cup, in 1840; but it does not figure again +until 1842, and in 1843 takes the name of the Town Cup. There +were first class fours ‘for medals’ in 1841, but the Stewards’ Cup +was not founded till the following year. The ‘Diamonds’ appeared<span +class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span> +in 1844. ‘Pairs’ came into existence in 1845, styled ‘silver wherries,’ +and the then winners, Arnold and Mann, of Caius, have ever +been handed down by tradition as something much above the average. +The prize became ‘silver goblets’ in 1850, and the first winners +of them were Justice Sir Joseph Chitty and Dr. Hornby, provost +of Eton. The Ladies’ Plate was called the ‘New’ Cup when it +appeared in 1845. At that time it was open to the world, like the +Grand. Clubs from the Thames won it on sundry occasions. In +1857 it was restricted to schools and colleges as now, copying the +‘Visitors’ Cup’ for fours, founded upon parallel principles in 1847. +The Wyfold Cup dates from 1847, though it does not figure in the +local official calendar of the regatta as a four-oar prize until 1856. +In the latter year it became a four-oar prize, open to all, and the +Argonauts won it and the ‘Stewards,’ with the same crew. Later +on it obtained its present qualification. As to the forgotten +functions of the ‘Wyfold’ between 1847 and 1856, we venture to +record them. The cup originally was held by the winner of the +trial heats for the Grand. If the best challenger won the Grand +also, or if the ‘holders’ did not compete, then the same crew +would take both Grand and Wyfold for the season; but the Grand +holders were ineligible to row for the Wyfold. This latter anomaly +in time induced the executive to obtain leave from the donor to +alter the destination of the cup and to devote it to fours. Local +races flourished in the forties and fifties. Besides the Town Cup, +there were local sculls, sometimes for a ‘silver wherry,’ and sometimes +for a presentation cup. Local pairs existed from 1858 to +1861 inclusive. The Thames Cup began life in 1868 as a sort of +junior race, but later on obtained its present qualification. There +was a presentation prize for fours without coxswains in 1869, but +the Stewards’ Cup was not opened for fours of the modern style +till 1873; and the Visitors’ and Wyfold were similarly emancipated +a year later. The advent and disappearance of the Public +Schools’ Cup need no comment.</p> + +<p><a name="SecRef10" id="SecRef10"></a>We well recollect the sensation produced by the first keelless +eight, that of Chester, in 1856. The club came like a meteor, and +won both Grand and Ladies’ (the latter being an open race for the +last time in that year). The art of ‘watermanship’ had not then +reached its present pitch. The Chester men could not sit their +boat in the least; they flopped their blades along the water on the +recovery in a manner which few junior crews at minor regattas +would now be guilty of; but they rowed well away from their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span> +opponents, who were only college crews. In that year, in consequence +of the Chester ship being some dozen feet shorter than the +iron keeled craft of Exeter and Lady Margaret, a question arose as +to how the boats should be adjudicated past the post. The boats +started by <i>sterns</i>, therefore Chester would be giving several feet +start if adjudged at the finish by bows. So the stewards ordered +the races to be decided by <i>sterns</i> past the post. This edict remained +in force, but unknown to the majority of competitors, till +after 1864. In that year the winner of the Diamonds reached the +post several lengths before his opponent, but stopped opposite to +it in a stiff head wind. The loser came up behind him leisurely, +chatted, and shoved the winner past the post by rowlocks locking. +Presently it transpired that the official fiat was ‘won by a foot,’ +and that the judge did not consider the race over until the winner’s +stern was clear of the line! This discovery caused some inquiry, +and the half-forgotten edict of 1857 was thus repealed; and races +have since then been adjudged again by bows. Among other +reminiscences, we can recall the old starting ‘rypecks,’ with bungs +and cords attached; these bungs had to be held by competitors +till the signal to start; the ropes often fouled rudder lines, and +were awkward to deal with. In 1862 the system of starting with +sterns held from moored punts, now in vogue, was first adopted.</p> + +<p>Such are some of the recollections which evolve themselves at +this date, when we are on the eve of a new era and a new course. +The old ‘time’ records, which have been gradually improving +and which, to our knowledge, are recorded in the most random +manner in the local calendar, will now have to stand or fall by +themselves. A new course, with less slack water in it, will hardly +bear close comparison with an old one as to time. The old soreness +of fluky winds, and ‘might have beens,’ laid to the discredit of +much-abused Poplar Point, must now find no longer scope. Luck +in station there still will be, inevitably, when wind blows off shore; +but there now will be no bays to coast, and no Berks corner to +cut. The glories of Henley bridge have been on the wane for some +years past; we can remember when enterprising rustics ranked +their muck carts speculatively along the north side of the bridge; +but fashion and the innovation of large moored craft have lost +the bridge much of its old popularity. Besides, the newly planted +aspens along the towpath, which were given to replace the old +time-honoured ‘poplars,’ shut off the view of the reach from the +bridge. It is no longer possible, telescopically, to time opponents<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> +in practice from the Lion and Angel window, as of old. It is not +so much as twenty years ago that steamers were unknown on the +reach. The ‘Ariel’ (the late Mr. Blyth’s) was the first of her kind +built by Mr. Thornycroft. Till then, row-boats had the reach to +themselves. We are old enough to recall the Red Lion flourishing +as a coaching inn; then came its breakdown, when ‘rail’ broke the +‘road,’ and it shut up, until Mrs. Williams, the veteran landlady, +who erst welcomed, and is still welcomed by, so many retired +generations of oarsmen, migrated from the Catherine Wheel in 1858, +and re-opened the Lion once more.</p> + +<p>The strength of amateur talent is treble what it was twenty-five +years ago. After the pristine Leander retired from action, and the +St. George’s shut up, and the Old Thames Club dispersed, the Universities +had Henley almost to themselves as to eights and fours until +Chester woke them up in eights in 1856, and the Argonauts four +a year or two before produced the nucleus of the talent which in +1857 burst upon the world under the new flag of the L.R.C. They +were joined by Kingston in a four in 1859. In 1861 Kingston had +their first eight. Thames, in like manner, began modestly with a +four, which in due time developed winning Grand eights. We have +already spoken of the march of watermanship. A quarter of a century +ago the idea of amateurs sitting a keelless eight or four, without +rolling rowlocks under, until they had first practised for days +or weeks in a steady craft, would have been derided. In these +days three or four scratch eights can be manned any day at Putney, +capable of sitting a racing ship, and of trying starts with trained +University crews. We are not <i>laudatores temporis acti</i> as to oarsmanship; +sliding seats spoilt form and style at first until they were +better understood; but, in our opinion, there are now (<i>cæteris paribus</i> +as to slides <i>versus</i> fixed seats) many more high-class oarsmen than +were to be found thirty, or even twenty, years ago. There are +more men rowing, and more science, and better coaching than of +old. ‘Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona;’ but we believe that there +are on the average some five Agamemnons now afloat for every +two in the fifties and early years of the sixties. Nor do we wonder +at it with four or five times as many men on the muster rolls of +rowing clubs of the present day. As to boat-building, we think that +the ‘lines’ of racing eights have fallen off. We can recall no such +capacity for travelling between the strokes as in Mat Taylor’s best +craft, <i>e.g.</i> the Chester boat and the old ‘Eton’ ship; both of +which did duty and beat all comers for many years. While looking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span> +back with interest, we look forward with hope, and believe +that the new Henley will maintain, and perhaps improve, its +modern enhanced and extended standard of oarsmanship, and +that the new course, when fairly tried, will encourage, rather than +discourage, competition that looks for fair field and no favour.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Map362" id="Map362"></a> +<p class="leftlink"><a href="images/large362.png">Large<br />scale<br />map<br />(197 kB).</a></p> +<img src="images/map362.png" alt="Map of Putney course" width="600" height="362" /> +<p class="caption"><i>London: Longmans & Co.</i></p> +<p class="fsize80 right" style="margin-top: -2em">E. Weller</p> +</div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<h3><i>THAMES PRESERVATION ACT.</i></h3> + +<p>In 1884 a Committee of the House of Commons sat to inquire +into the best method of preserving public rights and those of +riparians on the Thames. The latter had developed so much +pleasure traffic during the last quarter of a century that some +‘highway’ legislation on the subject became imperative. An Act +for regulating steam-launch traffic on the Thames had been passed +in 1883. The report of the Committee produced the following Act, +which should be read by all who intend to navigate the Thames +for pleasure.</p> + +<p>Draft by-laws, to carry out the provisions of this Act in detail, +have twice been propounded by the Thames Conservancy during +1886, and a third code was drafted early in 1887, but the first two +editions provoked so much hostile criticism that the Conservancy +withdrew them; and, up to the date of going to press, the third +edition of proposed by-laws, which still seems too objectionable +in many details, has not received the sanction of the Board of +Trade, which is necessary before the code can become law.</p> + +<h3>THAMES PRESERVATION ACT, 1885.</h3> + +<h4>48 & 49 <span class="smcap">Vict. cap.</span> 76.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>An Act for the preservation of the River Thames above Teddington Lock for +purposes of public recreation, and for regulating the pleasure traffic thereon.</i> +[<i>August 14, 1885.</i>]</p></div> + +<p>Whereas the River Thames is a navigable highway; and whereas, by reason +of the increase of population in London and other places near the said river, it +has come to be largely used as a place of public recreation and resort, and it is +expedient that provision should be made for regulating the different kinds of +traffic in the said river between the town of Cricklade and Teddington Lock, +and upon the banks thereof within the limits aforesaid, and for the keeping +of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> +public order and the prevention of nuisances, to the intent that the said river +should be preserved as a place of regulated public recreation;</p> + +<p>Be it therefore enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with +the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, +in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as +follows:</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">Part I.—Navigation.</span></h5> + +<p>1. <i>Public right of navigation.</i>—It shall be lawful for all persons, whether +for pleasure or profit, to go and be, pass and repass, in boats or vessels over +or upon any and every part of the River Thames, through which Thames +water flows, between the town of Cricklade and Teddington Lock, including +all such backwaters, creeks, side-channels, bays and inlets connected therewith +as form parts of the said river within the limits aforesaid.</p> + +<p>2. <i>Private artificial cuts not to be deemed parts of the river.</i>—All private +artificial cuts for purposes of drainage or irrigation, and all artificial inlets for +moats, boathouses, ponds, or other like private purposes, already made or +hereafter to be made, and all channels which by virtue of any conveyance from +or agreement with the Conservators, or the Commissioners acting under any +of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act, or by any lawful +title have been enjoyed as private channels for the period of twenty years before +the passing of this Act, shall be deemed not to be parts of the said river for +the purposes of the last preceding section, or any provisions consequent +thereon.</p> + +<p>3. <i>Conservators may exclude the public.</i>—Notwithstanding anything in the +first section contained, it shall be lawful for the Conservators from time to time +to exclude the public for a limited period from specified portions of the said +river, for purposes connected with the navigation, or with any public work or +uses, or for the preservation of public order.</p> + +<p>4. <i>Right of navigation to include anchoring and mooring.</i>—The right of +navigation hereinbefore described shall be deemed to include a right to +anchor, moor, or remain stationary for a reasonable time in the ordinary course +of pleasure navigation, subject to such restrictions as the Conservators shall +from time to time by by-laws determine; and it shall be the duty of the Conservators +to make special regulations for the prevention of annoyance to +any occupier of a riparian residence, by reason of the loitering or delay of any +house-boat or steam-launch, and for the prevention of the pollution of the river +by the sewage of any house-boat or steam-launch. Provided that nothing in +this Act, or in any by-law made thereunder, shall be construed to deprive any +riparian owner of any legal rights in the soil or bed of the river which he may +now possess, or of any legal remedies which he may now possess for prevention +of anchoring, mooring, loitering, or delay of any boat or other vessel, or to give +any riparian owner any right as against the public, which he did not possess +before the passing of this Act, to exclude any person from entering upon or +navigating any backwater, creek, channel, bay, inlet, or other water, whether +deemed to be part of the River Thames as in this Act defined or not.</p> + +<p>Provided also, that the powers given by this clause shall be in addition to, +and not to be deemed to be in substitution for, any powers already possessed +by the Conservators.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span>5. +<i>Riparian owner to remove obstructions unless maintained for twenty +years.</i>—Any person obstructing the navigation hereinbefore described, by +means of any weir, bridge, piles, dam, chain, barrier, or other impediment, +shall be liable to be called upon by the Conservators to remove the same, and +his refusal to do so shall be deemed to be a continuing offence within the +meaning of this Act, and the obstruction itself shall be deemed to be a nuisance +to the navigation unless the same, or substantially the same, has been maintained +for the period of twenty years before the commencement of this Act.</p> + +<p>6. <i>Provision against shooting or use of firearms on the river.</i>—From and +after the passing of this Act it shall be unlawful to discharge any firearm, air-gun, +gun, or similar instrument over or upon the said river within the limits +aforesaid, or the banks or towpaths thereof, or any land acquired by the Conservators +under the provisions of this Act, and every person discharging any +firearm, air-gun, gun, or similar instrument over or upon the said river limits +as aforesaid, or the banks or towpath thereof, or any such land as aforesaid, +shall be deemed to have committed an offence under this Act.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">Part II.—Regulation of Pleasure-boats.</span></h5> + +<p>7. <i>Registration of boats.</i>—In addition to the rights and duties of the Conservators +relating to registration and tolls already created by the Thames +Navigation Act, 1870, the Thames Conservancy Act, 1878, and the Thames +Act, 1883, or by any other of the Acts in the First Schedule to this Act mentioned, +it shall be lawful for the Conservators to direct by by-law that all boats +or vessels, with the exception of any such class of boats or vessels as may, +together with the reasons of such exception, be specified in any such by-law +for pleasure navigation, shall be registered, together with the true names and +addresses of the owners thereof respectively, in a General Register to be kept +at their chief office in a form by them to be prescribed, and as to all vessels +propelled by steam power, and all house-boats, and all rowing or sailing boats +plying for hire, and any such other particular class of boats or vessels as by +them from time to time by by-law, may be prescribed to issue licences to ply +upon any part of the upper navigation, or upon a limited part thereof only, +according to regulations in each case by them to be made by by-law in +manner hereinafter provided.</p> + +<p>8. <i>Navigating without registration to be an offence.</i>—From and after the +dates by any such by-law to be fixed respectively, it shall be an offence under this +Act to use any boat or vessel of the class mentioned in the same by-law, on +any part of the river to which such by-law applies, unless such boat or vessel +shall have been previously registered or licensed in manner therein provided.</p> + +<p>9. <i>Lists to be kept of private boats and boats for hire.</i>—In the General +Register in the seventh section of this Act mentioned, separate lists shall be +kept of boats and vessels used for pleasure navigation by private owners, and +of boats and vessels let for hire. The former class of boats or vessels shall be +distinguished, according to regulations to be made from time to time by the +Conservators, by a registered number, crest, badge, or mark, and the latter +class by a registered number; and the provisions of section eleven and section +thirteen of the Thames Act, 1883, as to displaying or concealing the same or +number of any steam-launch shall be deemed in all cases to apply to +the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> +said registered numbers, crests, badge, and marks respectively, with such +modifications as the Conservators may by such regulations from time to time +direct.</p> + +<p>10. <i>Renewal of yearly registration.</i>—It shall be lawful for the Conservators +by by-law to enact as to any or all of the classes of boats or vessels by them +from time to time required to be licensed or registered as aforesaid, that such +licence or registration shall be renewed at any interval not being less than one +year.</p> + +<p>11. <i>Fee for registration.</i>—It shall be lawful for the Conservators to charge, +in respect of boats or vessels registered under this Act, sums not exceeding the +sums following; that is to say, for each registration of a pleasure-boat not being +a house-boat, a sum not exceeding two shillings and sixpence, and for each +registration of a house-boat a sum not exceeding five pounds; and if such +house-boat shall be more than thirty feet in length, a further sum not exceeding +twenty shillings in respect of every complete five feet and the fraction of an +incomplete five feet by which such house boat shall exceed thirty feet in +length.</p> + +<p>Provided always that nothing in this Act shall require a boat or vessel not +being a house-boat to be registered oftener than once in three years.</p> + +<p>12. <i>Present registration or licence not to be affected.</i>—Nothing in this Act +shall require any vessel which may under any Act be required to be registered +or licensed by the master, wardens, and commonalty of watermen and lightermen +of the River Thames to be registered or licensed under this Act.</p> + +<p>13. <i>First registration.</i>—For the purposes of the last preceding section a +fresh registration or licence of any boat or vessel in a class other than that in +which the same was first registered or licensed shall be deemed a first registration +or licence.</p> + +<p>14. <i>Application of ss. 7, 8, 9, and 14 of The Thames Act, 1883, to all +registered boats and vessels.</i>—The provisions of sections seven, eight, nine, and +fourteen of The Thames Act, 1883, as to registered owners of steam-launches, +shall apply to the registered owners of all boats or vessels for the time being +registered pursuant to the provisions of this Act, and of the by-laws in that +behalf from time to time in force, and the same section nine and section fourteen +shall be read as if the words ‘boat or vessel’ therein were substituted for +the word ‘steam-launch,’ and as if the words ‘this Act’ therein referred to the +present Act.</p> + +<p>15. <i>Every boat or vessel to be deemed to be in charge of one person.</i>—Every +boat or vessel used for pleasure navigation upon any part of the River Thames +within the limits aforesaid shall be deemed to be in charge of one person, who +shall be in every case a registered owner, or the person duly appointed or permitted +by him to be in charge, or the person hiring such boat or vessel, and, in +the absence of any such person, then any person having control or being in +command of such boat or vessel.</p> + +<p>16. <i>Person in charge to be responsible for order</i>.—Every person who for the +time being is in charge of any boat or vessel shall be responsible for the preservation +of order and decency, and for the observance of the provisions of +this Act; and upon proof that an offence under this Act has been committed +by any person on board such boat or vessel, and that the person in charge +has<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> +refused to give the name and address of the offender, then the person in charge +shall be deemed to have committed an offence under this Act.</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">Part III.—General Powers.</span></h5> + +<p>17. <i>Conservators may accept and hold land for certain purposes.</i>—In addition +to their existing powers to take and hold land, it shall be lawful for the +Conservators to accept and hold any land which any person may offer to them +for dedication to public uses in connection with the purposes of this Act, upon +such terms and conditions as they may see fit, and it shall be lawful for the +Corporation of the City of London, or the Metropolitan Board of Works, and +for the University of Oxford, or, subject to the provisions of the Municipal +Corporations Act, 1882, so far as they are applicable, for the Corporation of +the City of Oxford, or any corporation or other person, to give, grant, dedicate, +convey, or devise any land or right over land to the extent of their estates and +interests respectively, unto the Conservators, for the purpose of enabling the +public to use such and or any part thereof as a public highway, or as a place +of public resort, or for the purpose of creating bathing-places or camping-grounds +or landing-places, or for any other purposes connected with this Act, +any of the provisions of the Act passed in the ninth year of the reign of King +George the Second, chapter thirty-six, or any other statute or any rule of law +to the contrary notwithstanding.</p> + +<p>18. <i>Acquisition by agreement of right of abstracting water from the river.</i>—Where +any company or person is entitled under any Act of Parliament, grant, +custom, or otherwise, to any right of abstracting or appropriating water which +might otherwise flow or find its way into the river, it shall be lawful for any +such person on the one hand and the Conservators or any other person on the +other hand, to enter into and carry into effect an agreement or agreements for +the conveyance of such right to the Conservators; and every such right may +be conveyed to the Conservators by deed, and shall as from the date of such +conveyance be absolutely extinguished to the intent that such water shall +thereafter be allowed to flow into the river.</p> + +<p>And it shall be lawful for any of the companies supplying water within the +Metropolis to make contributions out of their capital or revenue in aid of the +acquisition and extinguishment of any such right, and for the Conservators to +accept such contributions and contributions from any other person or persons +and employ them for that purpose.</p> + +<p>19. <i>Alteration and suspension of by-laws.</i>—It shall be lawful for the Conservators, +in addition to all powers of making by-laws already possessed by +them under the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, to make, and from +time to time to suspend or alter in the same manner and with the same consent +as in the same Acts is provided, all by-laws which they may deem necessary +for the purposes mentioned in this Act, or in the Second Schedule hereto.</p> + +<p>20. <i>Continuing offences.</i>—Any act or default in contravention of any of the +said by-laws or of the provisions of this Act, which after due notice is repeated +or continued, shall be a continuing offence under this Act.</p> + +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">Part IV.—Procedure.</span></h5> + +<p>21. <i>Penalty for offence against the Act.</i>—Any person convicted of an offence +under this Act shall, where no other penalty is provided by this Act or any of +the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, or by any by-law made thereunder +respectively, be liable to a penalty not exceeding forty shillings.</p> + +<p>22. <i>Penalty for continuing offence.</i>—Any person convicted of an offence +which is a continuing offence under this Act shall, where no greater penalty +has been provided for such offence by any of the Acts mentioned in the First +Schedule hereto, be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds.</p> + +<p>23. <i>Jurisdiction of certain justices.</i>—For the purposes of this Act, and of +every by-law to be made by the Conservators thereunder, the jurisdiction of +all justices of the peace for the counties of Surrey, Berkshire, Wiltshire, +Gloucester, Oxford, Buckingham, and Middlesex, and of the magistrates for +the city of Oxford, and of every other borough, the police jurisdiction of which +extends to any place upon the River Thames within the limits aforesaid, and +the jurisdiction, powers, and authority of the Proctors of the University of +Oxford and the marshals and officers acting under them, and the power and +authority of the Metropolitan Police, and of all police officers and constables +acting for any of the said counties or boroughs, shall extend over the whole of +the River Thames, and the towpaths, banks, and precincts thereof, within the +limits aforesaid.</p> + +<p>24. <i>As to place where offence committed.</i>—For the purposes of any proceedings +in respect of any offence under this Act, or under any of the Acts mentioned +in the First Schedule hereto, every such offence shall be deemed to have +been committed, and every cause of complaint in respect thereof shall be +deemed to have arisen either in the place in which the same actually was committed +or arose, or in any place in which the offender or person complained +against may be.</p> + +<p>25. <i>Bailiffs and servants of Conservators may be sworn in as police constables.</i>—It +shall be in the power and at the discretion of the Conservators to +procure all or any of their water-bailiffs, river-keepers, lock-keepers, or other +servants, to be sworn in as police constables for any of the counties or boroughs +aforesaid, but they shall not be liable, without the consent of the Conservators, +to be called upon to perform the duties of such police constables, +except for the purposes of this Act or of the Acts mentioned in the First +Schedule hereto.</p> + +<p>26. <i>Proceedings for summary conviction.</i>—Proceedings in relation to any +offence or continuing offence under this Act or any of the Acts mentioned in +the First Schedule hereto, or under any by-law already made or hereafter to +be made by the Conservators, or for the recovery of any penalty under this +Act or any of the said Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, or any +by-law made thereunder respectively, may be taken before a court of summary +jurisdiction, according to the provisions of the Summary Jurisdiction Acts, +and all such penalties, whether recovered summarily or otherwise, shall be paid +to the Conservators, and shall form part of their funds.</p> + +<p>27. <i>Moneys paid to the Conservators to be carried to the Conservancy +Fund.</i>—All<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span> +moneys recovered or received by the Conservators or their secretary, or +other officer under any of the provisions of this Act, shall be carried to the +Conservancy Fund, and all moneys arising in respect of the Upper River, as +defined by the Acts mentioned in the schedule hereto, shall be credited to the +Upper Navigation Fund.</p> + +<p>28. <i>Saving clause.</i>—Saving always to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, +her heirs and successors, and to all and every other person or persons and +body or bodies politic, corporate or collegiate, and his, her, or their heirs, +successors, executors, and administrators, all such right, title, estate, and +interest, as they or any of them could or ought to have had or enjoyed of, in +to or in respect of the river and the banks and towpaths thereof within the +limits aforesaid in case this Act had not been passed, excepting so far as relates +to the said right of navigation and other rights expressly declared and provided +for by this Act.</p> + +<p>29. <i>Definitions.</i>—In this Act the following terms have the several meanings +hereby assigned to them, unless there be something in the subject or context +repugnant to such construction (that is to say):</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The terms ‘the River Thames’ and ‘the said river’ shall for the purposes +of this Act mean and include all and every part of the River Thames +specified in section one, excepting the cuts, inlets, and channels specified +in section two;</p> + +<p>The term ‘the Conservators’ means the Conservators of the River Thames;</p> + +<p>The term ‘due notice’ means a notice in writing given by the Conservators +or any person duly authorised in writing by them to act in their behalf;</p> + +<p>The words ‘consent of the Conservators’ shall mean permission in writing +signed by the secretary of the Conservators;</p> + +<p>The term ‘by-law’ includes rules, orders, and regulations;</p> + +<p>The term ‘person’ includes corporation;</p> + +<p>The term ‘land’ includes land of any tenure, and tenements and hereditaments, +corporeal or incorporeal, and houses and other buildings, and +also an undivided share in land, and any rights over land whatsoever, +whether appendant, appurtenant, or in gross;</p> + +<p>The term ‘precincts’ includes any place within a hundred yards of the said +river on either side thereof;</p> + +<p>The term ‘vessel’ shall include any ship, lighter, barge, launch, house-boat, +boat, randan, wherry, skiff, dingey, shallop, punt, canoe, raft, or +other craft.</p></div> + +<p>30. <i>Short title.</i>—This Act may be cited as ‘The Thames Preservation Act, +1885.’</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">Schedule I.</span></h5> + +<p>24 Geo. II. c. 8, 30 Geo. II. c. 21, 11 Geo. III. c. 45, 14 Geo. III. c. 91, +15 Geo. III. c. 11, 17 Geo. III. c. 18, 28 Geo. III. c. 51, 35 Geo. III. c. 106, +50 Geo. III. c. cciv., 52 Geo. III. c. xlvi., 52 Geo. III. c. xlvii., 54 Geo. III. +c. ccxxiii., 20 & 21 Vict. c. cxlvii. (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1857), 27 & +28 Vict. c. 113 (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1864), 29 & 30 Vict. c. 89 (the +Thames Navigation Act, 1866), 30 & 31 Vict. c. ci. (the Thames Conservancy +Act, 1867), 33 & 34 Vict. c. cxlix. (the Thames Navigation Act, 1870), 41 & 42<span +class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span> +Vict. c. ccxvi. (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1878), 45 & 47 Vict. c. lxxix. +(the Thames Act, 1883).</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">Schedule II.</span></h5> + +<h6><span class="smcap">Purposes for which By-laws may be made under the Powers +and Provisions of this Act.</span></h6> + +<p>1. For preventing offences against decency by persons using the River +Thames, and the banks and towpaths thereof, or any land acquired by the +Conservators under the provisions of this Act.</p> + +<p>2. For preventing disorderly conduct, or the use of obscene, scandalous, or +abusive language to the annoyance of persons using the said River Thames or +the banks or towpaths thereof, or any land acquired by the Conservators under +the provisions of this Act.</p> + +<p>3. For preventing any nuisance to riparian residents or others by persons +using the river.</p> + +<p>4. For preventing trespasses upon any riparian dwelling-houses or the +curtilages or gardens belonging thereto.</p> + +<p>5. For regulating the navigation with a view to the safety and amenity of +the said river in relation to the purposes of this Act.</p> + +<p>6. For preventing injury to flowering and other plants, shrubs, vegetation, +trees, woods and underwoods on or near the said river.</p> + +<p>7. For preventing bird-catching, bird-nesting, bird-trapping, and the searching +for, taking, or destruction of swans’ and other birds’ nests, eggs, or the +young of any birds or other animals on or about the said river, saving all +existing rights of fowling, shooting, hunting, and sporting.</p> + +<p>8. For preserving the various notice-boards and other works and things set +up by the Conservators or with their consent.</p> + +<p>9. For preventing disturbance of the navigation provided for by this Act.</p> + +<p>10. For registering and licensing boats or vessels, and for regulating the +conditions of such licences, and the letting or hiring of boats, vessels, conveyances, +horses or other animals, in connection with the purposes of this Act.</p> + +<p>11. For imposing penalties for breaches of by-laws, subject to the provisions +of this Act and of the Acts in the First Schedule mentioned.</p></div> + +<hr class="c25" /> +<p class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></p> +<h2>INDEX.</h2> + +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Abdominal strains, treatment of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>Ailments, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>-<a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>Amateur, the, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>anomalous status of, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>;</li> + <li>definition of term, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>;</li> + <li>Henley executive definition, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>;</li> + <li>foundation of Amateur Rowing Association, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>;</li> + <li>A.R.A. rules, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>;</li> + <li>regulations for the conduct of amateur regattas, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>-<a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> + <li>conditions imposed on foreign crews, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> + <li>laws of boat-racing approved by A.R.A., <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Amateur Rowing Association, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>-<a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a></li> + +<li>Amateurs, past and present:— +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>Babcock, J. C., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li>Barnes, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Bayford, J., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>Birch, R. O., <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> + <li>Bishop, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Brickwood, E. D., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>Brown, M., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Brown, W., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li>Bulteel, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>;</li> + <li>Carter, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Casamajor, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li> + <li>Chambers, J. G., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>;</li> + <li>Chinnery, Walter and Harry, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> + <li>Close, J. B., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li>Clutterbuck, Rev. J. C, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>;</li> + <li>Cobb, Rhodes, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>Copplestone, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>Corkran, Colonel Seymour, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Cox, J. R., <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li> + <li>Donaldson, Rev. S. A., <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> + <li>Edwardes-Moss, T. C, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>;</li> + <li>Fawcus, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Godfrey, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Goldie, J. H. D., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li> + <li>Griffiths, W. R., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Gulston, F. S., <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>;</li> + <li>Henley, E. F., <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> + <li>Herbert, C., <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Hoare, W., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>;</li> + <li>Hornemann, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Hughes, G., <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> + <li>Jacobson, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>Labat, R. H., <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> + <li>Le Blanc Smith, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>;</li> + <li>Lesley, R., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Lewis, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Lloyd, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Long, A. de L., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li>Long, W., <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>Lowndes, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li> + <li>Marsh, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Marshall, T. H., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>;</li> + <li>Menzies, F., <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> + <li>Montagu, C. F., <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li> + <li>Morrison, Allan, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Morrison, George, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Mossop, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>Musgrave, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> + <li>Nadin, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Parker, J. E., <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>;</li> + <li>Payne, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li> + <li>Peard, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>Pelham, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>-<a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>Percy, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> + <li>Phillips, R. M., <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> + <li>Pitman, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Playford, Frank, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>Playford, H. H., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Revell<span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 100%;"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Rhodes, H., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li> + <li>Risley, Rev. R. W., <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Rowe, G. D., <a href="#Page_179">179</a>;</li> + <li>Shadwell, Rev. A., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> + <li>Shaw, Captain, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>Staniforth, Rev. T., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>;</li> + <li>Unwin, W. S., <a href="#Page_134">134</a>;</li> + <li>Wallace, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Warre, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>Way, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li> + <li>Weedon, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>West, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Wood, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>;</li> + <li>Wynne, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>see under <a href="#Page_243">Temple of Fame</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>-<a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Aquatic championship, winners of the, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>Authors quoted, see under <a href="#SecRef01">Books</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Bathing, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> + +<li>Beach, W., champion of the world, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>Biglin-Coulter crew, the, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>Biremes, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>-<a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + +<li>Blisters, treatment of, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>Boats, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>early history of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> + <li>sanpans, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>Ulysses’ boat, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li> + <li>dug-outs, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li> + <li>canoes, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;</li> + <li>cayaks, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>Madras surf-boats, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>analogy of construction with that of orders of fishes, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>Chinese junks, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>Egyptian boats, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>Phœnician vessels, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>ships of Homer, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>biremes, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>-<a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>triremes, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>-<a href="#Page_23">23</a>;</li> + <li>pace of the ancient Greek galleys, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>early Roman vessels, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li><a name="SecRef02" id="SecRef02"></a>boat-building, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li> + <li>wherries, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li> + <li>skiffs, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>;</li> + <li>gigs, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>;</li> + <li>‘carvel’ build, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> + <li>inrig and outrig, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>;</li> + <li>dingies, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> + <li>dimensions, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>-<a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> + <li>prices, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>;</li> + <li>shape, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> + <li>position of seats, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Boat-builders:— +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>Archer (of Lambeth), <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>Clasper, Jack, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>Goodman, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>Hall (of Oxford), <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> + <li>Little (of Plymouth), <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> + <li>Perkins (Sambo), <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>Salter, Messrs., <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> + <li>Searle, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>Sewell, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>Swaddell and Winship, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>Taylor, Mat, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>-<a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>;</li> + <li>Thornycroft, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>;</li> + <li>Tolliday, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Boils, treatment of, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li><a name="SecRef01" id="SecRef01"></a>Books, &c. and authors quoted: +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>Archéologie Navale, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>Aristophanes, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li> + <li>‘Argonaut,’ <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>;</li> + <li>Bell’s Life, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>Boating Calendar, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>;</li> + <li>Boat Racing, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>;</li> + <li>Brickwood, E. D., <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>;</li> + <li>Denkmäler (Lepsius’s), <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>Egan, T., <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>Encyclopædia Britannica, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li> + <li>Field, the, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>;</li> + <li>Fleet of an Egyptian Queen (Duemichen’s), <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>Frogs, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li> + <li>Graser, Dr., <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li> + <li>Glossaire Nautique, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>Herodotus, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>Homer, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>Horace, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> + <li>Jal, M., <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>Land and Water, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>;</li> + <li>Lane, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>Merivale, Dr., <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>Notes on Coaching (Dr. Warre’s), <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> + <li>Oars and Sculls, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li> + <li>Old Blues and their Battles, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>Record of the University Boat Race, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>Rowing Almanack, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>;</li> + <li>Socrates, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> + <li>Stonehenge, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>;</li> + <li>Staniforth, Rev. T., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> + <li>Treherne, G. T.,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staates, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li> + <li>Warre, Dr., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> + <li>Westminster Water Ledger, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> + <li>Williamson, Dr., <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>Xenophon, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Brandy, as a restorative, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>Building (boat), see under <a href="#SecRef02">Boats</a></li> + +<li>Bumping races, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>-<a href="#Page_315">315</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>By-laws of boat clubs, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;"><a name="SecRef04" id="SecRef04"></a>Cambridge University Boat Club, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>head of the river, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>;</li> + <li>pair-oars, <a href="#Page_293">293</a>;</li> + <li>four-oars, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>;</li> + <li>sculls, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>;</li> + <li>races with Oxford, &c., <a href="#Page_252">252</a>-<a href="#Page_288">288</a>;</li> + <li>college and club races, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>-<a href="#Page_296">296</a>;</li> + <li>see <a href="#Page_243">Temple of Fame</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Canoes, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>Captains, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>qualifications for, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> + <li>multitude of counsellors, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> + <li>dealing with malcontents, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>-<a href="#Page_84">84</a>;</li> + <li>enforcement of punctuality, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>;</li> + <li>position in boat, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>;</li> + <li>former identity of stroke and captain, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>duties of, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>recruiting, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>selection by, of candidates for trial eights, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> + <li>coaching of juniors by, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>conduct of, on retirement from office, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>;</li> + <li>resident in college, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>;</li> + <li>lessons of the post, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> + <li>list of captains of Eton boats, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>-<a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Championship of the world, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>;</li> + <li>see also under <a href="#SecRef03">Professional racing</a></li> + +<li>Chitty, Sir Joseph, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>Clothing, Henley rule concerning, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>Clubs, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>practical advantages of, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>;</li> + <li>Star and Arrow, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>;</li> + <li>early records of the Leander, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>-<a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li> + <li>the Leander’s matches with the Universities, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li> + <li>the Argonauts, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>;</li> + <li>foundation of the London Rowing Club, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>;</li> + <li>past and present composition of the Leander, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li> + <li>suburban clubs, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li> + <li>provincial clubs, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>draft rules for the formation of, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>;</li> + <li>by-laws, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>;</li> + <li>extinction of small clubs, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>-<a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> + <li>list of those contending at Henley, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>-<a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> + <li>O.U.B.C. college and club races, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>-<a href="#Page_292">292</a>;</li> + <li>C.U.B.C. college and club races, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>-<a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Clubs:— +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>Argonauts, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>;</li> + <li>Ariel, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> + <li>Atalanta (New York), <a href="#Page_106">106</a>;</li> + <li>Bath, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>B.N.C. Oxon, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>;</li> + <li>Burton-on-Trent, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Cambridge London Rooms, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>;</li> + <li>Cambridge Subscription Rooms, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>;</li> + <li>Chester, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li> + <li>Christ Church, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li> + <li>Corsair, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> + <li>C.U.B.C., see <a href="#SecRef04">under</a>;</li> + <li>Dublin, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Durham, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Grove Park, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li> + <li>Guy’s Club (London), <a href="#Page_264">264</a>;</li> + <li>Ino, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> + <li>John o’ Gaunt, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Kingston, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>;</li> + <li>Lady Margaret, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>;</li> + <li>Leander, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>-<a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>;</li> + <li>London, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>;</li> + <li>Mersey, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Molesey, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> + <li>Nautilus, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li> + <li>Newcastle,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Nottingham, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Oscillators, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>Oxford Aquatic, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>;</li> + <li>Oxford Radleian, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>Oxford Etonians, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>;</li> + <li>O.U.B.C. (see <a href="#SecRef05">under</a>);</li> + <li>Pembroke (Oxon), <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> + <li>Queen’s College, Oxford, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Radley College, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> + <li>St. George’s, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>;</li> + <li>St. John’s Canadian, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>Severn, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Star, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li> + <li>Thames, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>;</li> + <li>Thames Subscription, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>Twickenham, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> + <li>University College, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>Wandsworth, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li> + <li>West London, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> + <li>Westminster, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> + <li>see also <a href="#Page_243">Temple of Fame</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>-<a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Coaching, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>tendency to become ‘mechanical,’ <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li> + <li>coach should be a scientific oarsman, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>;</li> + <li>testing rowing apparatus, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>;</li> + <li>cause of faults in rowing, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>;</li> + <li>‘lateness,’ <a href="#Page_68">68</a>;</li> + <li>over-reach of shoulders, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>meeting oar, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>faulty swing, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>screwing, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>feather under water, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li> + <li>swing across boat, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li> + <li>prematurely bending the arms, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li> + <li>exercise of crew in paddling, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> + <li>watermanship, good and bad, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li>firmness in dealing with pupils, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li>selection and arrangement of crew, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li> + <li>Dr. Warre’s ‘Notes on Coaching,’ <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> + <li>consumption of liquid in training, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Colds and coughs, treatment of, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>College races, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>-<a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>Colquhoun Challenge Sculls, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>Conservators, Thames, powers of, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>-<a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>Course, boat’s, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li> + +<li>Coxswains, Henley Regatta rules concerning, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>see also under <a href="#SecRef06">Steering</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Diamond Challenge Sculls, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rules, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>Edwardes-Moss’s victory, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Diarrhœa, treatment of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>Diet, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>-<a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>Dingey, the, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> + +<li>Doggett’s coat and badge, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>list of winners of, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>Drink, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li>Dublin Trinity College, results of matches at Henley Regatta, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>Dug-outs, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Egyptian boats, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>Entries, regulations concerning, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> + +<li>Eton, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rowing at, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>;</li> + <li>fishing and shooting at, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>;</li> + <li>the river out of bounds, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>;</li> + <li>Dr. Keate and the sham eight, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>;</li> + <li>shirking abolished, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>;</li> + <li>swimming enforced, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>;</li> + <li>river masters and bathing places, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li> + <li>‘passing,’ <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li> + <li>changes in the course of the Thames, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li> + <li>first race under official patronage, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>watermen as stroke or coach, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>upper and lower boats, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>names and number of boats, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li> + <li>entries for eights,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span> <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li> + <li>captains and ‘choices,’ <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li> + <li>procession on opening day, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>;</li> + <li>practice, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>;</li> + <li>procession on June 4, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>;</li> + <li>position of captain of boat, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>;</li> + <li><i>v.</i> Christ Church four, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li> + <li><i>v.</i> Westminster, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> + <li><i>v.</i> Radley, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> + <li>lists of results of races at Henley Regatta, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>-<a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> + <li>upper sixes, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> + <li>four <i>v.</i> watermen, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> + <li>punting and tub-sculling, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> + <li>courses and winning point, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> + <li>the Brocas, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> + <li>times, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> + <li>build of boats, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>style of rowing, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>list of captains of boats and notable events, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>-<a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Festers, treatment of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>‘Field,’ article on Henley Past and Present, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>-<a href="#Page_323">323</a></li> + +<li>Firearms, use of, on river, <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> + +<li>Foreign crews, regulations concerning, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>Fouls, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>Four-oars, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>without coxswain, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>steering apparatus, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>in practice, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>winners of races, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>-<a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Gigs, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> + +<li>Gold Cup for eights, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>Goodford, Dr., <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li> + +<li>Grand Challenge Cup, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rules concerning, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>racing record, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>-<a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>;</li> + <li>list of winners, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Hanlan, E., Canadian champion, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>-<a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>Hawtrey, Dr., <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li><a name="SecRef07" id="SecRef07"></a>Henley Regatta, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>foundation of, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>old and new courses, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>qualification rules for cups, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>general rules, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>definition of an amateur oarsman, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>entries, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li> + <li>objections to entries, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>;</li> + <li>course and stations, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>;</li> + <li>a row over, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>;</li> + <li>heats, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>;</li> + <li>clothing, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>coxswains, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>flag, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>umpire and judge, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>prizes, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>committee, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>restrictions on foreign crews, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> + <li>Eton eight first at, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> + <li>results of Eton racing at, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>;</li> + <li>advantage of Berks station at, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>;</li> + <li>Oxford <i>v.</i> Cambridge at, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>;</li> + <li>Leander <i>v.</i> Oxford at, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>;</li> + <li>random recollections of, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>-<a href="#Page_323">323</a>;</li> + <li>see also <a href="#Page_243">Temple of Fame</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>-<a href="#Page_253">253</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>-<a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>-<a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Hornby, Dr., <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>House-boats, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>, <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Junks, Chinese, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Keate, Dr., <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>Kelley, Harry, and his contests, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Ladies’ Challenge Plate, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rules, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>racing record, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>‘Land and Water,’ article on Boat-racing at the Universities, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>-<a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>Laws of boat-racing,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> 238; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>boats’ course, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>;</li> + <li>fouls, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>;</li> + <li>code adopted by Amateur Rowing Association, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>;</li> + <li>rule of the road on river, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Limehouse to Hertford and intermediate distances, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Medway (Sheerness to Tonbridge, and intermediate distances), <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>Milk, cautious use of, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Navigation of the Thames, regulations for, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race, list of winners since 1828, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>Oxford to Lechlade and intermediate distances, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li>Oxford to London and intermediate distances of locks, &c., <a href="#Page_307">307</a>-<a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li><a name="SecRef05" id="SecRef05"></a>Oxford University Boat Club, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>races of, with C.U.B.C. and other clubs, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>-<a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>-<a href="#Page_288">288</a>;</li> + <li>college eights (head of the river), <a href="#Page_289">289</a>;</li> + <li>winners of pair-oars, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>;</li> + <li>winners of sculls, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>;</li> + <li>winners of four-oars, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>;</li> + <li>college and club races, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>-<a href="#Page_292">292</a>;</li> + <li>see <a href="#Page_243">Temple of Fame</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Paddling, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>Pair-oars, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>the acme of watermanship, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> + <li>give-and-take action, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> + <li>‘jealous’ rowing, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> + <li>balance and steering, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>the start, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>manipulation of the oars, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, at Henley, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Paramatta, rowing on the, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>Passing swimmers at Eton, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>Phœnicians, the, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li>Pleasure-boats, regulation of, <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> + +<li>Professional races and their winners:— +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>The aquatic championship, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>;</li> + <li>Thames National Regatta (champion fours), <a href="#Page_298">298</a>;</li> + <li>sculls, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>;</li> + <li>apprentices’ sculls (coat and badge), <a href="#Page_299">299</a>;</li> + <li>T.N.R. (second series), fours, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>;</li> + <li>pairs, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>;</li> + <li>sculls, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>;</li> + <li>apprentices’ sculls (coat and badge), <a href="#Page_300">300</a>;</li> + <li>Thames International Regatta, champion sculls, fours, and pairs, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>;</li> + <li>Royal Thames Regatta, watermen’s prizes, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>;</li> + <li>British Regatta in Paris, fours, pairs, and sculls, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>;</li> + <li>World’s Regatta on the Thames, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>;</li> + <li>winners of Doggett’s coat and badge, <a href="#Page_303">303</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li><a name="SecRef03" id="SecRef03"></a>Professional racing, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>the London waterman, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>;</li> + <li>first championship of the Thames, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> + <li>defeat of Kelley by Chambers, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> + <li>Green defeated by Chambers, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li> + <li>Chambers beaten by Kelley, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li> + <li>Cooper and Chambers defeated by Kelley, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>Hammill beaten by Kelley, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>Hoare defeated by Sadler, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>second defeat of Chambers by Kelley,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>anecdote of Chambers, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>;</li> + <li>Kelley defeats Sadler, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>;</li> + <li>Renforth beats Kelley, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>;</li> + <li>Sadler defeats Boyd, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>;</li> + <li>Trickett defeats Sadler, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> + <li>Boyd beats Higgins, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> + <li>Higgins beats Boyd, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> + <li>Higgins defeats Elliott, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> + <li>Elliott beats Boyd and Higgins, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> + <li>Elliott defeated by Hanlan, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>;</li> + <li>Trickett beaten by Hanlan, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;</li> + <li>Hanlan’s victories over Laycock and Boyd, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>;</li> + <li>he beats Kennedy and Wallace Ross, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> + <li>cause of deterioration in professional rowing, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>;</li> + <li>bad form with sliding seats, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>lapse of professional regattas, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>;</li> + <li>Beach defeats Hanlan, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Gaudaur beaten by Beach, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> + <li>Beach paddles away from Wallace Ross, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Professionals, past and present:— +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>Anderson, Jock, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> + <li>Bagnall, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>;</li> + <li>Beach, William, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> + <li>Biffen, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>Blackman, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;</li> + <li>Boyd, R. W., <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>-<a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> + <li>Bubear, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Cannon, Tom, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>Chambers, Robert, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>-<a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>;</li> + <li>Campbell, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> + <li>Clasper, Harry, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>,143, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> + <li>Clasper, Jack, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> + <li>Clifford, T., <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Cole, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, Cooper, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>Everson, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>;</li> + <li>Fish, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>Gaudaur, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> + <li>Green, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li> + <li>Elliott, W., <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> + <li>Hall, Jack, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>Hammill, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>Hanlan, Edward, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>-<a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Haverley, Jack, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>Hoare, T., <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>Kelley, Harry, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>,172, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>-<a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>;</li> + <li>Kemp, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>Kennedy, J. L., <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> + <li>Largan, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> + <li>Laycock, Elias, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Lee, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>;</li> + <li>Luke, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> + <li>Lumsden, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> + <li>Matterson, Neil, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Noulton, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>Paddle Brads, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>Perkins, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Piper, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> + <li>Renforth, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>;</li> + <li>Ross, Wallace, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>: Rush, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;</li> + <li>Sadler, J. H., <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>-<a href="#Page_223">223</a>;</li> + <li>Strong, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Tagg, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>Taylor, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li>Teemer, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> + <li>Trickett, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>;</li> + <li>West, George, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>White, Tom, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>;</li> + <li>Williams, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>Williams, C., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> + <li>Wise, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> + <li>see also <a href="#Page_296">296</a>-<a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Prizes, rules regarding, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>Public Schools Challenge Cup for fours, winners of, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>Punctuality, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Racing courses, length of, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>Raws, cure of, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>Regattas, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>amateur rules governing, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>-<a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> + <li>lapse of professional, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>;</li> + <li>see <a href="#Page_243">Temple of Fame</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Regattas:— +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>Barnes, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>British Regatta in Paris, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>;</li> + <li>Harvard, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>;</li> + <li>Henley, see <a href="#SecRef07">under</a>;</li> + <li>International, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;</li> + <li>King’s Lynn, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> + <li>Metropolitan, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li> + <li>Molesey, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>National, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>Paris International,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span> 119, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> + <li>Philadelphia, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> + <li>Reading, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;</li> + <li>Royal Thames, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>;</li> + <li>Sons of the Thames, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Tewkesbury, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> + <li>Thames, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>;</li> + <li>Thames International, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>;</li> + <li>Thames National, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>-<a href="#Page_300">300</a>;</li> + <li>Walton-on-Thames, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>World’s Regatta on the Thames, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Registration of boats, <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> + +<li>Renforth, James, champion, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>Rivers and courses, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>distances of locks, &c., on river Lea from Limehouse to Hertford, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>;</li> + <li>length of racing courses, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>;</li> + <li>distances of weirs, &c., from Oxford to Lechlade, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>;</li> + <li>tables of distances of locks, &c., from Oxford to London, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>-<a href="#Page_310">310</a>;</li> + <li>intermediate distances on river Medway from Sheerness to Tonbridge, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>;</li> + <li>intermediate distances on river Wey from Thames Lock to Godalming, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Rowing, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rise of modern, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>Doggett’s prize, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>;</li> + <li>Westminster ‘Water Ledger,’ <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> + <li>match between randan and four-oar, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>modest championship stakes, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>Kemp’s match against time, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>foundation of Wingfield Sculls, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>University training, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>first University race, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> + <li>records of college racing, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>Oxford eight steered by professional, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>London and Oxford amateurs, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>adoption of ‘light blue’ by Cambridge, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> + <li>match between Universities at Henley, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>foundation of Henley Regatta, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>pair-oar races established at Universities, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>Colquhoun sculls and University sculls, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>four-oar races, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> + <li>regattas, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>Grand Challenge Cup at Henley, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>the ‘seven-oar episode,’ <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>Thames Regatta, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>‘National’ Regatta, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>Metropolitan Regatta, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>Barnes Regatta, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>minor regattas, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>constitution and rules of Henley Regatta, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>-<a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>first principles of scientific rowing, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>-<a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> + <li>muscular movement and mental volition, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>instruction in details, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>stroke, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>;</li> + <li>set of back, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li> + <li>swing, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li> + <li>use of legs and feet, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li> + <li>government of oar, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> + <li>recovery, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>-<a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li> + <li>feathering, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li> + <li>notes on stroke, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li> + <li>origin and use of sliding-seats, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>-<a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li> + <li>four-oared rowing, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>-<a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>pair-oared rowing, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>-<a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>sculling, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>-<a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li> + <li>training, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>-<a href="#Page_177">177</a>;</li> + <li>clubs, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>-<a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> + <li>amateurs, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>-<a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> + <li>Eton, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>-<a href="#Page_216">216</a>;</li> + <li>watermen and professionals, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>-<a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> + <li>laws of racing, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>-<a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Rule of the road on river, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>Rules for boat-racing, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>Rules for the formation of rowing clubs, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>Running, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>Rupture, treatment of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>Rypecks, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Sanpan, the,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span> 4, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> + +<li>Scientific oarsmanship, art of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>-<a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>Sculling, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>management of sculls, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>;</li> + <li>first lessons, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>stretcher, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>rowlocks, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> + <li>thowl, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>even action of wrists, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>;</li> + <li>steering, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>feathering under water, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>the swing, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li> + <li>steering apparatus, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>;</li> + <li>slides, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li> + <li>pace, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li> + <li>taking an opponent’s water, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> + <li>pilots, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Sheerness to Tonbridge, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>Siestas, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>Silver Goblets for pair-oars, rules, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>Skiffs, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> + +<li>Sleep, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>Sliding seats, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>their origin, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>-<a href="#Page_106">106</a>;</li> + <li>use, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>;</li> + <li>merits and defects of, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>;</li> + <li>superiority over fixed seats, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> + <li>practice at, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> + <li>swing, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>recovery, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li> + <li>remedying faulty work on, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> + <li>introduction at Eton, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> + <li>professionals at fault in use of, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> + <li>Hanlan’s superiority on, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Smoking, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> + +<li>‘Sportsman’ Challenge Cup, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>Sprains, treatment of, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>Steamers at races, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li><a name="SecRef06" id="SecRef06"></a>Steering, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>early days of the coxswain, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> + <li>the coxswain’s attitude and action, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> + <li>handling the rudder-lines, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> + <li>words of command, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> + <li>turning, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li>‘coaxing with the rudder,’ <a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li>landmarks, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li> + <li>characteristics of the boat, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li> + <li>four-oars, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>boy coxswains, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>pair-oars, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>;</li> + <li>in sculling, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Stewards’ Cup, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rules, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li> + <li>racing record, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Strains, treatment of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>Stroke, notes on the, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>Surf boats, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>Swimming at Eton, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Tea, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>Temple of Fame, the, a list of winners, crews and men, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>-<a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>Thames Challenge Cup, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rules, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Thames Lock to Godalming, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>Thames Preservation Act, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>navigation, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>;</li> + <li>regulation of pleasure-boats, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>;</li> + <li>general powers of conservators, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>;</li> + <li>legislative procedure, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Thirst, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>-<a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>Torpid, the term, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>Town Challenge Cup, winners of, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>Training, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>diet, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> + <li>old training of a prizefighter or a waterman, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> + <li>present course, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> + <li>morning bathing, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> + <li>breakfast, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> + <li>luncheon, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>;</li> + <li>dinner, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>;</li> + <li>drink, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>;</li> + <li>practice, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>;</li> + <li>thirst, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>-<a href="#Page_163">163</a>;</li> + <li>consumption of fluids, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>-<a href="#Page_163">163</a>;</li> + <li>sleep, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>;</li> + <li>period of training, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>;</li> + <li>smoking, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>;</li> + <li>aperients, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>;</li> + <li>work, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>;</li> + <li>running,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span> 168, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li> + <li>the ‘set’ stroke, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>;</li> + <li>starting, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>;</li> + <li>avoidance of over-fineness of condition, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>;</li> + <li>use of the toothbrush, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li> + <li>value of the ‘odd man,’ <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li> + <li>the ‘long course,’ <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li> + <li>meal before and between races, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>;</li> + <li>ailments, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>-<a href="#Page_176">176</a>;</li> + <li>wraps, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>;</li> + <li>siestas, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Triremes, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>-<a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Universities, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>results of races at Henley Regatta, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> + <li>record of inter and club contests, &c., <a href="#Page_254">254</a>-<a href="#Page_288">288</a>;</li> + <li>early history of boat-racing at the, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>;</li> + <li>Brasenose Club Book, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>;</li> + <li>bumping races, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> + <li>‘no hired watermen,’ <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> + <li>the ‘Buccleuch,’ <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> + <li>first use of a raft at Oxford, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>;</li> + <li>boats and crews in 1824, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>;</li> + <li>the term ‘Torpid,’ <a href="#Page_316">316</a>;</li> + <li>rules drawn up for boat-racing in 1826, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>;</li> + <li>ditto for 1827, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>;</li> + <li>results of racing in 1828, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>;</li> + <li>racing in 1829 and 1830, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>University oarsmen, lists of, with their weights, and races in which they rowed, +<a href="#Page_243">243</a>-<a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Visitors’ Challenge Cup, winners of, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li style="margin-top: .75em;">Water, abstraction of, from river, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>Waterford, Marquis of, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> + +<li>Water-gruel, as a corrective of thirst, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>Watermanship, as a technical term, explained, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>Watermen, employed as stroke or coach, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>; +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>and see under <a href="#SecRef08">Professionals</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Westminster School, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li> + +<li>Wey (Thames Lock to Godalming and intermediate distances), <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>Wherries, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>Wingfield, Mr. Lewis, his institution of the prize which bears his name, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>Wingfield Sculls, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>foundation of, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>winners of the, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> +</ul></li> + +<li>Wraps, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>Wyfold Challenge Cup, +<ul style="list-style: none; margin-left: -1em;"><li>rules, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>conditions held under, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>;</li> + <li>winners of, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> +</ul></li> + +</ul> + +<hr class="c25" /> + +<p class="center">PRINTED BY<br /> +SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE<br /> +LONDON</p> + +<hr class="c25" /> + +<div class="tnbox"> +<p class="center"><a name="TN" id="TN"></a><b>Transcriber’s notes:</b></p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1.5em;">The scans on which this e-book has been based have been made available by the Internet Archive.</p> + +<p>Depending on the browser used and its settings, not all symbols, tables and illustrations may display correctly.</p> + +<p>Footnotes have been moved to directly under the paragraph or table they refer to. Some illustrations have been moved to where they fit +best. Hyperlinks to illustrations link directly to the illustrations, not to the page numbers. The four maps are available in larger +sizes and with more detail through hyperlinks in the left margin.</p> + +<p>Page 40: <i>the July 1886</i>: possibly a word is missing (<i>issue</i> or similar).</p> + +<p> Page 254 and further: body weights given in the tables do not always result in the average weights given in the tables.</p> + +<p>Where the scans were not clear, the text has been completed based on other scanned copies and on ‘best guesses.’</p> + +<p>Inconcistencies (including hyphenation) and (typographical) errors in the original text have not been changed, except as indicated +below. Some names are spelled inconsistently even when they (probably) refer to the same person: +Mc... and M’..., Haig and Haigh, Hornemann, Horneman and Horniman, Langmore and Longmore, and Revell and Revel, etc. These have not +been changed.</p> + +<p>The <a href="#SecRef18">erratum</a> has been corrected in the text.</p> + +<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">Changes and corrections made to the text:</p> + +<ul style="margin-top: 0;"><li>Some obvious typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected silently;</li> +<li>page 44: <i>Bridgenorth</i> changed to <i>Bridgnorth</i>;</li> +<li>page 53 (chapter title): <i>OARMANSHIP</i> changed to <i>OARSMANSHIP</i>;</li> +<li>page 155: <i>at a gift</i> changed to <i>as a gift</i>;</li> +<li>page 257: <i>Uppleby</i> changed to <i>Appleby</i>;</li> +<li>page 263: <i>Magdalen</i> changed to <i>Magdalene</i>;</li> +<li>page 267: year (1851) added above Stewards’ Cup;</li> +<li>page 272: <i>Darrock</i> changed to <i>Darroch</i>;</li> +<li>page 279, 282: <i>Edwardes Moss</i> changed to <i>Edwardes-Moss</i>;</li> +<li>page 281: <i>Michison</i> changed to <i>Mitchison</i>;</li> +<li>page 304: <i>Feildep Weir Lock</i> changed to <i>Feildes Weir Lock</i>;</li> +<li>page 333: <i>das attischen Staates</i> changed to <i>des attischen Staates</i>;</li> +<li>page 340: <i>tooth-brush</i> changed to <i>toothbrush</i> as in text;</li> +<li>Map of Putney Course (caption): <i>E. Wellar</i> changed to <i>E. Weller</i>.</li> +</ul> + +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Boating, by W. B. Woodgate + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOATING *** + +***** This file should be named 37462-h.htm or 37462-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/4/6/37462/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Hary Lamé and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/37462-h/images/brace100.png b/37462-h/images/brace100.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..69ca13b --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/brace100.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/chapline.png b/37462-h/images/chapline.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..62eecfa --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/chapline.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo000.jpg b/37462-h/images/illo000.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2ce3cb --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo000.jpg diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo005.png b/37462-h/images/illo005.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f51edbd --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo005.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo006.png b/37462-h/images/illo006.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea26573 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo006.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo016a.png b/37462-h/images/illo016a.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7c2f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo016a.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo016b.png b/37462-h/images/illo016b.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1103e47 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo016b.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo026.png b/37462-h/images/illo026.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e38c77 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo026.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo030.png b/37462-h/images/illo030.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..baaac2d --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo030.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo034.png b/37462-h/images/illo034.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..69de576 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo034.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo036.png b/37462-h/images/illo036.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc5aa72 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo036.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo041a.png b/37462-h/images/illo041a.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..46ee7c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo041a.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo041b.png b/37462-h/images/illo041b.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f693a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo041b.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo044.png b/37462-h/images/illo044.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6fc393 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo044.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo048.png b/37462-h/images/illo048.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f12858 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo048.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo050.png b/37462-h/images/illo050.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8213668 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo050.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo054.png b/37462-h/images/illo054.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..969aa3b --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo054.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo056.png b/37462-h/images/illo056.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2945ea0 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo056.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo058.png b/37462-h/images/illo058.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3821f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo058.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo060.png b/37462-h/images/illo060.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..02791e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo060.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo062.png b/37462-h/images/illo062.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d00a4b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo062.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo072.png b/37462-h/images/illo072.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ac1052 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo072.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo085.png b/37462-h/images/illo085.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..753523e --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo085.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo088.png b/37462-h/images/illo088.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..024f4b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo088.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo096.png b/37462-h/images/illo096.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b19d47f --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo096.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo100.png b/37462-h/images/illo100.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..259dd77 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo100.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo104.png b/37462-h/images/illo104.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d598b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo104.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo106.png b/37462-h/images/illo106.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d82bd71 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo106.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo115.png b/37462-h/images/illo115.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..edcf800 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo115.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo125.png b/37462-h/images/illo125.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7edb2a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo125.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo133a.png b/37462-h/images/illo133a.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bf871a --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo133a.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo133b.png b/37462-h/images/illo133b.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b060c21 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo133b.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo134a.png b/37462-h/images/illo134a.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4202de --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo134a.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo134b.png b/37462-h/images/illo134b.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f11cca --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo134b.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo141.png b/37462-h/images/illo141.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4bc27cd --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo141.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo144.png b/37462-h/images/illo144.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5921af --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo144.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo146.png b/37462-h/images/illo146.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d2d9c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo146.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo148.png b/37462-h/images/illo148.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3c4746 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo148.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo152.png b/37462-h/images/illo152.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b58ac61 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo152.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo158.png b/37462-h/images/illo158.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbb035b --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo158.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo164.png b/37462-h/images/illo164.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d421a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo164.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo166.png b/37462-h/images/illo166.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b888bd --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo166.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo167.png b/37462-h/images/illo167.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f09bcb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo167.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo178.png b/37462-h/images/illo178.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e0f2b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo178.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo182.png b/37462-h/images/illo182.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e87e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo182.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo190.png b/37462-h/images/illo190.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c46271 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo190.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo192a.png b/37462-h/images/illo192a.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ce8056 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo192a.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo192b.png b/37462-h/images/illo192b.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8d87eb --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo192b.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo192c.png b/37462-h/images/illo192c.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4ef642 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo192c.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo196.png b/37462-h/images/illo196.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1fdbb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo196.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo205.png b/37462-h/images/illo205.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..31ff0d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo205.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo219.png b/37462-h/images/illo219.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c57602 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo219.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo227.png b/37462-h/images/illo227.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b335ec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo227.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo230.png b/37462-h/images/illo230.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b3918f --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo230.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo248.png b/37462-h/images/illo248.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b34a48f --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo248.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo269.png b/37462-h/images/illo269.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9501d52 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo269.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/illo274.png b/37462-h/images/illo274.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecb9d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/illo274.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/large322.png b/37462-h/images/large322.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..75c73da --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/large322.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/large332.png b/37462-h/images/large332.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1670819 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/large332.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/large356.png b/37462-h/images/large356.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..63d1f59 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/large356.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/large362.png b/37462-h/images/large362.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..92d990c --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/large362.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/map322.png b/37462-h/images/map322.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..56501c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/map322.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/map332.png b/37462-h/images/map332.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..50a8942 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/map332.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/map356.png b/37462-h/images/map356.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..87830c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/map356.png diff --git a/37462-h/images/map362.png b/37462-h/images/map362.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f274451 --- /dev/null +++ b/37462-h/images/map362.png |
