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diff --git a/37403.txt b/37403.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a801169 --- /dev/null +++ b/37403.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2555 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 85, June 14, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 85, June 14, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: September 11, 2011 [EBook #37403] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 14, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Irish characters have been marked in braces, as +{f} for an Irish letter f; characters with macrons have been marked in +brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on +top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. Original +spelling varieties have not been standardized. A list of volumes and +pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. III.--No. 85. SATURDAY, JUNE 14. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + NOTES:-- + + Illustrations of Chaucer, No. VIII.: The Armorican + Word "Menez" 473 + + Folk Talk: "Eysell," "Captious" 474 + + An Old Man whose Father lived in the Time of Oliver + Cromwell 475 + + Minor Notes:--On a Passage in Sedley--On a Passage in + "Romeo and Juliet"--Inscription on a Tablet in + Limerick Cathedral 476 + + QUERIES:-- + + Princesses of Wales 477 + + Minor Queries:--Lady Mary Cavendish--Covey--Book wanted to + purchase--The Devil's Bit--Corpse passing makes a Right of + Way--Nao, a Ship--William Hone--Hand giving the + Blessing--Tinsell, a Meaning of--Arches of Pelaga--Emiott + Arms--Well Chapels--Davy Jones's Locker--AEsopus + Epulans--Written Sermons--Pallavicino and the Conte + d'Olivares 477 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Athelney Castle, + Somersetshire--Legend of St. Molaisse--Bogatzky 478 + + REPLIES:-- + + Greene's Groatsworth of Witte, by Rev. Thos. Corser 479 + + The Dutch Martyrology 479 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Spick and Span New--Under + the Rose--Handel's Occasional Oratorio--Stone + Chalice--Thanksgiving Book--Carved Ceiling in + Dorsetshire--"Felix quem faciunt," &c.--The Saint + Graal--Skeletons at Egyptian Banquet--Sewell-- + Col-fabias--Poem from the Digby MS.--Umbrella--The Curse of + Scotland--Bawn--Catacombs and Bone-houses--Bacon and + Fagan--To learn by heart--Auriga--Vineyards in + England--Barker--The Tanthony, &c. 480 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 487 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 487 + + Notices to Correspondents 487 + + Advertisements 487 + + + + +Notes. + + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. VIII. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 388. 420.) + +_The Armorican Word "Menez."_ + +I have been induced, in consequence of the scene of one of the +_Canterbury Tales_ being + + "In _Armorike_ that called is Bretaigne," + +to re-examine that tale (the Frankleine's) in the expectation that in +it, if anywhere, some light might be thrown upon this newly discovered +Chaucerian word "menez"; and I think I have succeeded in detecting its +use in the sense of _points_ or _summits_ of _rocks_ emerging from the +surface of the water. + +But in weighing the probability of this being the true sense in which it +is used in the present instance by Chaucer, the wide applicability of +the word "means" in its usual acceptation of _instrument to an end_, +must not be lost sight of. There is scarcely the name of any one thing +for which "means" may not be made a plausible substitution; so much so, +that if a man were to ask for a hat to cover his head, his demand would +be quite intelligible if expressed by "a means" to cover his head. + +I make this proviso as an answer to the probable objection, that +"menes," in its usual acceptation, gives sufficiently good sense to the +passage in question; it may do so, and still not be the sense intended +by the author. + +The footing on which I wish to place the inquiry is this: + +1st. We have an _Armorican_ word which it is desirable to prove was +known to, and used by, Chaucer. + +2dly. We find this identical word in a tale written by him, of which the +scene is _Armorica_. + +3dly. It bears, however, a close resemblance to another word of +different meaning, which different meaning happens also to afford a +plausible sense to the same passage. + +The question then is, in case this latter meaning should not appear to +be better, nor even so good, as that afforded by the word of which we +are in search, shall we not give that word the preference, and thereby +render it doubly blessed, giving and receiving light? + +In coming to a decision, it is necessary to take in the whole context. +Arviragus and Dorigene live in wedded happiness, until the former, +leaving his wife, takes shipping + + ---- "to gon and dwelle a yere or twaine + In Englelond, that cleped was _eke_ Bretaigne." + +Dorigene, inconsolable at his loss, sits upon the sea-shore, and views +with horror the "grisly, fendly, rockes," with which the coast is +studded, in every one of which she sees certain destruction to her +husband in his return. She accuses the gods of injustice in forming +these rocks for the sole apparent purpose of destroying man, so favoured +in other respects, and she concludes her apostrophe in these words,-- + + "Than, semeth it, ye had a gret chertee + Toward mankind; but how then may it be + That ye such _men[=e]s_ make, it to destroyen, + Which _men[=e]s_ don no good but ever anoyen?" + +Undoubtedly, in the third of these lines, "menes" seems to have a +perfectly good meaning in the sense of instrument, or _means_ to +destroy. But, in the last line, the same sense is not so obvious--"means +to destroy" must _necessarily_ be destructive, and Chaucer would never +be guilty of the unmeaning truism of repeating--"means which do no good +but ever annoy." + +Moreover, I am not aware that the accent is ever thrown upon the silent +_e_ where the signification of "mene" is an instrument-- + + "She may be Godd[=e]s mene and Godd[=e]s whippe"-- + +but in the lines under discussion the last syllable in both cases is +accented, agreeing in that respect with the _Armorican sound_--"menez." + +Let us now examine whether the Armorican _sense_ is capable of giving a +perfect meaning to _both_ lines? That sense is, a rocky ridge or +emerging summit. Let us substitute the word _rock[=e]s_ for _men[=e]z_, +and then try what meaning the passage receives. + + "If, quoth Dorigene, ye love _mankind_ so well ---- + ---- ---- ----- how then may it be + That ye such _rock[=e]s_ make, _it_ to destroyen, + Which _rock[=e]s_ don no good but ever anoyen?" + +Here the sense is perfect in both lines--a sense, too, that is in exact +keeping with Dorigene's previous complaint of THE USELESSNESS of these +rocks-- + + "That semen rather a foule confusion + Of werk, than any faire creation + Of swiche a parfit wis[=e] God and stable; + Why have ye wrought this work unreasonable? + For by this werk, north, south, ne west, ne est, + There n'is yfostred man, ne brid, ne best; + _It doth no good_, to my wit, _but anoyeth_." + +I therefore propose the following as the true reading of the passage in +question: viz., + + ---- "Ye had a great chertee + Toward mankind; but how then may it be + That ye swiche menez make, it to destroyen, + Which menez don no good, but ever anoyen?" + +And if I have succeeded in making good this position we no longer stand +in need of a precedent for the same reading in the case of--"In menez +libra." + + A. E. B. + + Leeds, May 31. 1851. + +P.S. I have been favoured, through the publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +with an obliging note from S.S.S. (2), communicating some authorities, +of which the most germane to this subject are-- + +1. From _Archaeologia Britannica_ (Edward Lhuyd. Oxford, 1707): "Armoric, +_Men_, a stone; _menez_, a mountain." + +2. From Walter's _Welsh Dictionary_: "Welsh, _Maen_, a stone; _maen +terfyn_, a boundary stone; _maen mawr_, a large stone." + + +FOLK TALK: "EYSELL", "CAPTIOUS." + +If folk lore be worthy of a place in your columns, folk talk should not +be shut out, and that the etymological solutions, gathered from this +source, which I have previously forwarded, have not appeared, is +doubtless attributable to some other cause than indifferentism to the +authority. I have found many inexplicable words and phrases, occurring +in the older writers, rendered plain and highly expressive by folk talk +definitions; and a glance at the relative positions of the common people +of this day, and the writers of the past, to the educated and scholarly +world of the nineteenth century, will suffice to show good reasons for a +discriminative reference to the language of the one, for the elucidation +of the other's expression. In common with the majority of your readers, +as I should think, I found the notes and replies on "eysell" and +"captious" to be highly interesting, and of course applied to the folk +talk for its definition. In the first case I obtained from my own +experience, what I think will be a satisfactory clue to its meaning, and +something more in addition. There is a herb of an acid taste, the common +name for which--the only one with which I am acquainted--is +_green-sauce_; and this herb is, or rather was, much sought after by +children in my boyish days. At a public school not a dozen miles from +Stratford-on-Avon, it was a common practice for we lads to spend our +holidays in roaming about the fields; and among objects of search, this +green-sauce was a prominent one, and it was a point of honour with each +of us to notify to the others the discovery of a root of green-sauce. In +doing this, the discoverer, after satisfying himself by his taste that +the true herb was found, followed an accepted course, and signified his +success to his companions by raising his voice and shouting, what I have +always been accustomed to write, "Hey-sall." I have no knowledge of the +origin of this word; it was with us as a school-rule so to use it; and I +have no doubt but that "ey-sell" was in Shakspeare's time the popular +name for the herb to which I allude. + +Mixing much with the rural population of Warwickshire, I have, on many +occasions, seen the word "captious" used in the sense of carping, +irritable, unthankfulness, and self-willed; and, in my humble opinion, +such a rendering would be more in accordance with the character of the +fiction, and the poet's early teaching, than any definition I have yet +seen in your pages. + + EMUN. + + +AN OLD MAN WHOSE FATHER LIVED IN THE TIME OF OLIVER CROMWELL. + + [We are indebted to the kindness of the Rev. THOMAS CORSER for the + opportunity of preserving in our columns the following interesting + notice, from the _Manchester Guardian_ of the 19th August, 1843, + of the subject of his communication in our No. for May 31. (No. + 83, p. 421.)] + +Having heard of the extraordinary circumstance of an old man named James +Horrocks, in his hundredth year, living in Harwood, about three miles +from Bolton, whose father lived in the time of Oliver Cromwell, we took +an opportunity, a few days ago, of visiting this venerable descendant of +a sire who was contemporary with the renowned Protector. Until within +the last few years he resided at Hill End, a small estate left him by an +uncle when he was about twenty-six years old; but both his surviving +daughters being married, and himself growing feeble, and his sight +failing him, he left the land and went to reside with his eldest +daughter, Margaret, and his son-in-law, John Haslam, at a place called +"The Nook," near the Britannia, in Harwood. Here we found the old man, +surrounded with every comfort which easy circumstances and affectionate +friends can afford, and, to use his own language, "neither tired of +living, nor yet afraid to die." He is a remarkably good-looking old man, +with long, silvery locks, and a countenance beaming with benevolence and +good nature. He has nearly lost the use of his eye-sight, and is a +little dull of hearing, yet he is enabled to walk about. The loss of his +sight he regrets most of all, as it prevents him from spending his time +in reading, to which he was before accustomed; and, as he remarked, also +denies him the pleasure of looking upon his children and his old +friends. He converses with remarkable cheerfulness for one of his years. +As an instance, we may mention, that, on observing to him that he must +have been a tall man in his youth, he sprang up from his arm chair with +the elasticity of middle age, rather than the decrepitude usually +accompanying those few who are permitted to spin out the thread of life +to the extent of a century, and, with a humorous smile upon his +countenance, put his hands to his thighs, and stood as straight as an +arrow against a gentleman nearly six feet, remarking, at the same time, +"I don't think I am much less now than ever I was." He stands now about +five feet eight inches and a half. A short time ago, on coming down +stairs in the morning, he observed to his daughter, with his accustomed +good humour, and buoyancy of spirit, "I wonder what I shall dream next; +I dreamt last night that I was going to be married again; and who knows +but I could find somebody that would have me yet." His son-in-law is an +old grey-headed man, much harder of hearing than himself; and it +frequently happens, that when any of the family are endeavouring to +explain anything to him, old James will say, "Stop, and I'll _insense_ +him;" and his lungs seldom fail in the undertaking. + +From this interesting family we learn, that William Horrocks, the father +of the present James, of whom we have been speaking, was born in 1657, +four years after Oliver Cromwell was declared protector, and one year +before his death. He would be two years old when Richard Cromwell, who +succeeded his father, resigned; and four years old when Charles II. was +crowned in 1661. The exact period of his first marriage we have not been +able to ascertain; but it is certain that his bride was employed as +nurse in the well-known family of the Chethams, either at Turton Tower, +or at Castleton Hall, near Rochdale. By this marriage he had four +children, as appears from the following memorandums, written in an +excellent hand in the back of an old black-letter Bible, printed in +1583: + + "Mary, the daughter of William and Elizabeth Horrocks, was born + the 15th day of September, and baptised the 23d day of the same + month, Anno Dom. 1683." + + "John, the son of William and Elizabeth Horrocks, was born the + 18th day of January, and baptized the 25th day of the same month, + Anno Dom. 1686." + + "Ann, the daughter of William and Elizabeth Horrocks, was born the + 14th day of March, and baptized the 23d day of the same month, + Anno Dom. 1699." + + "William, the son of William and Elisabeth Horrocks, was born the + 9th day of June, and baptised the 17th day of the same month, Anno + Dom. 1700." + +At what time his wife died, we are also unable to ascertain; but there +is no doubt he remained a widower for many years, and at length married +his housekeeper, a comely blooming young woman, whose kindness to the +old man was unremitting, and he married her in 1741, at the age of +eighty-four, she being at the time only twenty-six. + +This marriage evidently attracted much attention in the neighbourhood, +and we find that, about two years afterwards, the old man and his +youthful partner were sent for to Castleton Hall, the residence of a +branch of Humphry Chetham's family, where they were treated with great +kindness, and a portrait painter engaged to take their likenesses, which +are now in the possession of their son, and add much to the interest of +a visit to him. These portraits are well executed; and, of course, +appear rather like those of a grandfather and his grandchild than of +husband and wife, although he appears more like sixty than eighty-six. +In front of each painting is prominently inscribed the age of each of +the parties, and the date when the portrait was taken. Upon that of the +husband the inscription is, "AETA: 86--1743." And upon that of the wife, +"AETA: 28--1743." These, it appears, were taken two years after their +marriage, and preserved in the Chetham family, at Castleton Hall, as +great curiosities. + +In the following year, the present James was born, as appears from the +following entry on the back of the same old Bible: + + "James, the son of William and Elizabeth Horrocks of Bradshaw + Chapel, was born March 14th, 1744." + +He will therefore complete his hundredth year on the 14th of next March. +He was born in a house near Bradshaw Chapel, which has long since been +removed. He was about twenty-seven years old when an uncle left him a +small estate in Harwood, called Hill End; and soon after he married, we +believe in 1773, and by that marriage had eight children. William, the +son of James and Margaret Horrocks, was born February 21, 1776; +Margaret, March 31, 1778; John, August 11, 1781; Simon, Dec. 23, 1783; +Matty, June 28, 1786; James, Jan. 13, 1789; Sarah, Sept. 22, 1791; and +Betty, Jan. 8, 1794. + +Of these, the only survivors are Margaret, aged sixty-five, the wife of +John Haslam, with whom the old man now resides; and Betty, the youngest, +aged forty-nine, who is married, and has four children. + +The old man was only eleven years old when his father died, and has no +recollection of hearing him mention any remarkable event occurring in +his lifetime. + +On asking the old man how he came into possession of the portraits of +his father and mother, he stated, that, some years ago, he saw in the +newspapers a sale advertised of the property at Castleton Hall, and went +there before the day to inquire after the portraits, with the view of +purchasing them before the sale. The servants at the hall admitted him, +and he found they were not there. He then went to the house of the +steward, and found he was not at home; he, however, left a message, +desiring that the steward would send him word if there was any +probability of his being able to purchase the portraits. Accordingly, +the steward sent him word that they had been removed, with the family +portraits, to the residence of a lady near Manchester, where he might +have the satisfaction of seeing them. The old man cannot remember either +the name or the address of the lady. However, he went to the place, in +company with a friend, and saw the lady, who treated him with the +greatest kindness. She showed him the portraits, and was so much pleased +with the desire he manifested to purchase them, that she said, if she +could be certain that he was the heir, she would make him a present of +them, as his filial affection did him great honour. His friend assured +her that he was the only child of his mother by William Horrocks, and +she then gave them to him, although she parted with them with regret, as +she had no other paintings that attracted so much attention. His +recollection of the circumstances are so perfect, that he remembers +offering a gratuity to the servants for packing the portraits, which the +lady would not allow them to receive. + +As an instance of the health and vigour of this remarkable old man, it +may be mentioned, that ten years ago, in the winter of 1832-3, he +attended at Newton, to vote for Lord Molyneux, then a candidate for +South Lancashire. He was then in his ninetieth year. He walked from +Harwood to Bolton, a distance of three miles. From thence he went to +Newton by the railway; and, having voted, he by some means missed the +train, and walked to Bolton, a distance of fifteen miles. On arriving +there he took some refreshment, and again set out for Harwood, and +accomplished the distance of twenty-one miles in the day, in the depth +of winter.--_Manchester Guardian_, Aug. 19, 1843. + + +MINOR NOTES. + +_On a Passage in Sedley._--There is a couplet in Sir Charles Sedley's +poems, which is quoted as follows in a work in my possession: + + "Let fools the name of loyalty divide: + Wise men and Gods are on the strongest side." + +Does the context require the word "divide?" or is it a misprint for +"deride?" Of course, the latter word would completely alter the sense, +but it seems to me that it would make it more consistent with truth. The +word "divide" supposes loyalty to be characteristic of fools, and places +the Gods in antagonism to that sentiment; while the word "deride" +restores them to their natural position. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, April, 1851. + +_On a Passage in Romeo and Juliet._--In the encounter between Mercutio +and Tybalt (Act III. Sc. 1.), in which Mercutio is killed, he addresses +Tybalt tauntingly thus:-- + + "Good king of cats, &c., will you pluck your sword out of his + _pilcher_ by the ears? Make haste, lest mine be about your ears + ere it be out." + +The first quarto has _scabbard_, all the later editions have _pilcher_, +a word occurring nowhere else. There has been a vain attempt to make +_pilcher_ signify a _leathern sheath_, because a _pilch_ was a _garment +of leather_ or _pelt_. To me it is quite evident that _pilcher_ is a +mere typographical error for _pitcher_, which, in this jocose, bantering +speech, Mercutio substitutes for _scabbard_, else why are the _ears_ +mentioned? The poet was familiar with the proverb "Pitchers have ears," +of which he has elsewhere twice availed himself. The _ears_, as every +one knows, are the _handles_, which have since been called the _lugs_. +Shakspeare would hardly have substituted a word of his own creation for +_scabbard_; but _pitcher_ was suggested by the play upon the word +_ears_, which is used for _hilts_ in the plural, according to the +universal usage of the poet's time. The _ears_, applied to a _leathern +coat_, or even a _sheath_, would be quite unmeaning, but there is a well +sustained ludicrous image in "pluck your sword out of his _pitcher by +the ears_." + + S. W. SINGER. + +_Inscription on a Tablet in Limerick Cathedral._-- + + "Mementi Mory. + + "Here lieth Littele Samuell Barinton, that great Under Taker, of + Famious Cittis Clock and Chime Maker; He made his one Time goe + Early and Latter, But now He is returned to God his Creator. + + "The 19 of November Then He Seest, And for His Memory This Here is + Pleast, By His Son Ben 1693." + +The correctness of this copy, _in every respect_, may be relied upon. + + R. J. R. + + + + +Queries. + + +PRINCESSES OF WALES. + +Blackstone, in his _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 224., says, the heir +apparent to the crown is usually made Prince of Wales and Earl of +Chester; upon which Mr. Christian in a note remarks, upon the authority +of Hume, that this creation has not been confined to the heir apparent, +for both Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth were created by their father, +Henry VIII., Princesses of Wales, each of them at the time (the latter +after the legitimation of Mary) being heir presumptive to the crown. + +Can any of your correspondents inform me upon what authority this +statement of Hume rests? or whether there exists any evidence of such +creations having been made? Do any such creations appear upon the Patent +Rolls? The statement is not supported by any writer of authority upon +such subjects, and, as far as your Querist's investigation has +proceeded, seems without foundation. It is one, however, too important +in connexion with royal titles to remain uncontradicted, if the fact be +not so. + + G. + + +Minor Queries. + +_Lady Mary Cavendish._--Information is requested respecting the +_ancestry_ of the Lady Mary Cavendish, who married a Lieutenant +Maudesley, or Mosley, of the Guards. She is thought to have been maid of +honour to Queen Anne. And a Sir Henry Cavendish, who was teller of the +Exchequer in Ireland some sixty years ago, was of the same family. + + CAVENDO. + +_Covey._--When the witches in this country were very numerous, Satan for +convenience divided them into companies of thirteen (one reason why +thirteen has always been considered an unlucky number), and called each +company a _covine_. Is that the etymology of the word _covey_, as +applied to birds? + + L. M. M. R. + +_Book wanted to purchase._--Can any one help me to find a little book on +"Speculative Difficulties in the Christian Religion?" I read such a book +about four years ago, and have quite forgotten its title and its author. +The last chapter in the book was on the "Origin of Evil." There is a +little book called _Speculative Difficulties_, but that is not the one I +mean. + + L. M. M. R. + +_The Devil's Bit._--In the Barnane Mountains, near Templemore, Ireland, +there is a large dent or hollow, visible at the distance of twenty +miles, and known by the name of the "Devil's Bit." + +Can any of your readers assist me in discovering the origins of this +singular name? There is a foolish tradition that the Devil was obliged, +by one of the saints, to make a road for his Reverence across an +extensive bog in the neighbourhood, and so taking a piece of the +mountain in his mouth, he strode over the bog and deposited a road +behind him! + + SING. + +_Corpse passing makes a Right of Way._--What is the origin of the +supposed custom of land becoming public property, after a funeral has +passed over it? An instance of this occurred (I am told) a short time +since at Battersea. + + R. W. E. + +_Nao, a Ship._--Seeing it twice stated in Mr. G. F. Angas's _Australia +and New Zealand_, that "in the Celtic dialect of the Welsh, Nao (is) a +ship," I am desirous to learn in what author of that language, or in +what dictionary or glossary thereof, any such word is to be met with. +(See vol. ii., pp. 274. 278.) I doubt, or even disbelieve, the Britons +having had _any_ name for a ship, though they had a name for an osier +floating basket, covered with raw hides. And when they became familiar +with the _navis longa_ of the Romans, they and their Gaelic neighbours +adopted the adjective, and not the substantive. But the question of +_nao_ is one of fact; and having got the assertion, I want the +authority. + + A. N. + +_William Hone._--I wish to meet with the interesting and touching +account of the conversion of William Hone, the compiler of the _Every +Day Book_, and should be obliged to any one who would tell me where it +is to be found. + + E. V. + +_Hand giving the Blessing._--What is the origin of holding up the two +forefingers and thumb, and pressing down the third and little fingers of +the right hand in giving "the blessing," as we see in figures of +bishops, &c.? Is it a mystic allusion to the Trinity? + + A. A. D. + + 4. Moray Place, Birkenhead. + +_Tinsell, a Meaning of._--I wish to know if this word is still used by +the country-people in the midland counties, and on the borders of North +Wales, to denote _fire-wood_. In a Report dated in 1620, from a surveyor +to the owner of an estate in Wales, near the borders of Shropshire, the +following mention of it occurs: + + "There is neither wood nor underwood on the said lands, but a few + underwoods in the park of hasell, alders, withie, and thornes, and + such like, which the tenants doe take and use for _Tinsel_ as need + requires." + +The working people in Shropshire and Staffordshire still speak of +_tining_ a fire (pronounced _teening_). This is but a slight change in +the Anglo-Saxon word _tynan_, to light a fire. + + S. S. S. + +_Arches of Pelaga._--A young sailor, in his passage from Alexandria to +Trinadas, mentions a place under this designation. Query, Is there a +place correctly so called, or is this one of the misnomers not +unfrequent among seamen? + + M. A. LOWER. + +_Emiott Arms._--What are the arms of the family of Emiott of Kent? + + E. H. Y. + +_Well Chapels._--Will any of your learned readers be kind enough to +direct me to the best sources of information on this subject? + + H. G. T. + +_Davy Jones's Locker._--If a sailor is killed in a sea-skirmish, or +falls overboard and is drowned, or any other fatality occurs which +necessitates the consignment of his remains to the "great deep," his +surviving messmates speak of him as one who has been sent to "Davy +Jones's Locker." Who was the important individual whose name has become +so powerful a myth? And what occasioned the identification of the ocean +itself with the locker of this mysterious Davy Jones? + + HENRY CAMPKIN. + +_AEsopus Epulans._--I shall be much obliged by information respecting the +authorship and history of this work, printed at Vienna, 1749, 4to. + + N. B. + +_Written Sermons._--Information is requested as to when the custom of +preaching from written sermons was first introduced, and the +circumstances which gave rise to it. + + M. C. L. + +_Pallavicino and the Conte d'Olivares._--I have in my possession an old +Italian MS., 27 pages of large foolscap paper. It is headed "Caduta del +Conte d'Olivares," and at the end is signed "Scritta da Ferrante +Pallavicino," and dated "28 Genaro, 1643." Of course this Count +d'Olivares was the great favourite of Philip IV. of Spain; but who was +Pallavicino? Could it have been the Paravicino who was court chaplain to +Philip III. and IV.? or was he of the Genoese family of Pallavicini +mentioned by Leigh Hunt (_Autobiography_, vol. ii. p. 177.) as having +been connected with the Cromwell family? What favours the latter +presumption is, that a gentleman to whom I showed the MS. said at once, +"That is Genoa paper, just the same I got there for rough copies;" and +he also told me that the water-mark was a well-known Genoa mark: it +consists of a bird standing on an eight pointed starlike flower. + +If any one can give me any likely account of this Pallavicino, or tell +me whether the MS. is at all valuable in any way, I shall owe him many +thanks. + + CHARLES O. SOULEY. + + Broadway, New York, May 10. 1851. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Athelney Castle, Somersetshire._--Can any of your readers inform me, +whether Athelney Castle, built by King Alfred, as a monastery, in token +of his gratitude to God for his preservation, when compelled to fly from +his throne, is in existence; or if any remains of it can be traced, as I +do not find it mentioned either in several maps, gazetteers, or +topographical dictionaries? It was situate about four miles from +Bridgewater, near the conflux of the rivers Parrot and Tone? + + J. S. + + Islington, May 15. 1851. + +_Athelney._--In a visit which I recently paid to the field of +_Sedgemoor_ and the Isle of _Athelney_ in Somersetshire, I found on the +latter a stone pillar, inclosed by an iron railing, designed to point +the traveller's eye to the spot, so closely associated with his earliest +historical studies, with the burnt cakes, the angry housewife, and the +castigated king. The pillar bears the following inscription, which you +may think perhaps worthy of preservation in your useful pages:-- + + "King Alfred the Great, in the year of our Lord 879, having been + defeated by the Danes, fled for refuge to the forest of Athelney, + where he lay concealed from his enemies for the space of a whole + year. He soon after regained possession of his throne, and in + grateful remembrance of the protection he had received, under the + favour of Heaven, he erected a monastery on this spot and endowed + it with all the lands contained in the Isle of Athelney. To + perpetuate the memorial of so remarkable an incident in the life + of that illustrious prince, this edifice was founded by John + Slade, Esq., of Mansell, the proprietor of Athelney and Lord of + the Manor of North Petherton, A. D. 1801." + + J. R. W. + + Bristol. + +_Legend of St. Molaisse_ (Vol. ii., p. 79.).--Can you tell me anything +more about this MS., and in whose possession it now is? + + R. H. + + ["The Legend of St. Molaisse" was sold in a sale at Puttick and + Simpson's, July 3, 1850, for the sum of L8. 15_s._] + +_Bogatzky._--Who was Bogatzky, the author of the well-known _Golden +Treasury_? Any particulars of his life will be acceptable. + + E. V. + + [Bogatzky was a Polish nobleman, the pupil of the great Professor + Francke, and of a kindred spirit. He died at an advanced age in + 1768. It is not generally known that Bogatzky published a Second + Volume of his _Golden Treasury_, which Dr. Steinkopff revised and + edited in 1812, to which he prefixed a short but interesting + account of the author. See also _Allgemeine Enyclopaedie von Ersch + und Gruber_, s.v.] + + + + +Replies. + + +GREENE'S "GROATSWORTH OF WITTE." + +(Vol. iii., p. 140.) + +In answer to MR. HALLIWELL's Query, "whether the remarkable passage +respecting Shakspeare in this work has descended to us in its genuine +state," I beg to inform him that I possess a copy of the edition of +1596, as well as of those of 1617 and 1621, from the latter of which the +reprint by Sir Egerton Brydges was taken, and that the passage in +question is exactly the same in all the three editions. For the general +information of your readers interested in Greene's works, I beg to +state, that the variations in the edition of 1596 from the other two, +consist of the words "written before his death, and published at his +dying request," on the title; and instead of the introductory address +"To Wittie Poets, or Poeticall Wittes," signed I. H., there are a few +lines on A 2, "The Printer to the Gentle Readers:" + + "I haue published heere, Gentlemen, for your mirth and benefit, + Greene's Groateswoorth of Wit. With sundry of his pleasant + discourses ye haue beene before delighted: But now hath death + giuen a period to his pen, onely this happened into my hands which + I haue published for your pleasures: Accept it fauourably because + it was his last birth, and not least worth, in my poore opinion. + But I will cease to praise that which is aboue my conceit, and + leaue it selfe to speake for it selfe: and so abide your learned + censuring. + + "Yours, W. W." + +Then follows another short address, "To the Gentlemen Readers," by +Greene himself; and as this edition is so rare, only two copies being +known, and the address is short, I transcribe it entire for your +insertion: + + "Gentlemen, The Swan sings melodiously before death, that in all + his life time vseth but a iarring sound. _Greene_, though able + inough to write, yet deeplyer searched with sicknesse than euer + heretofore, sendes you his swanne-like song, for that he feares he + shall neuer againe carroll to you woonted loue layes, neuer againe + discouer to you youth's pleasures. Howeuer yet sicknesse, riot, + incontinence, haue at once shown their extremitie, yet if I + recouer, you shall all see more fresh springs then euer sprang + from me, directing you how to liue, yet not diswading you from + loue. This is the last I haue writ, and I feare me the last I + shall write. And how euer I haue beene censured for some of my + former bookes, yet, Gentlemen, I protest, they were as I had + special information. But passing them, I commend this to your + fauourable censures, and like an Embrion without shape, I feare me + will bee thrust into the world. If I liue to ende it, it shall be + otherwise: if not, yet will I commend it to your courtesies, that + you may as wel be acquainted with my repentant death, as you haue + lamented my carelesse course of life. But as _Nemo ante obitum + felix_, so _Acta exitus probat_: Beseeching therefore to bee + deemed hereof as I deserue, I leaue the worke to your liking, and + leaue you to your delights." + +Greene died in September, 1592; and this is curious, as being probably +the last thing that ever came from his pen. + +The work commences on sig. A 4, the other three leaves being occupied +with the title and the two addresses. It concludes with Greene's "letter +written to his wife," and has not "Greene's Epitaph: Discoursed +Dialogue-wise betweene Life and Death," which is in the two later +editions. + +I may here mention that I possess a copy of an extremely rare work +relating to Robert Greene, which has only lately become known, viz.: + + "Greene's Newes both from Heaven and Hell. Prohibited the first + for writing of Bookes, and banished out of the last for displaying + of Connycatchers. Commended to the Presse by B. R." (Barnabee + Rich) 4to. bl. lett. Lond. 1593. + +Concerning the great rarity of this interesting tract, which was unknown +to the Rev. A. Dyce when publishing his edition of Greene's works, your +readers may see a notice by Mr. Collier in his _Extracts from the +Registry of the Stat. Comp._, vol. ii. p. 233., apparently from the +present copy, no other being known. + + THOS. CORSER. + + Stand Rectory. + + +THE DUTCH MARTYROLOGY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 443.) + +Besides the copy of the above work mentioned by your correspondent J. H. +T., several others are known to exist in this country. Among them I may +mention one in the library of the Baptist College, Bristol. My own copy +was supplied by a London bookseller, who has likewise imported several +other copies from Holland, where it is by no means a scarce work. + +The second illustrated edition was published twenty years after the +decease of Van Braght. The first edition, without engravings, now before +me, appeared in 1660, which was the edition used by Danvers. But Danvers +does not appear to have known its existence, when the first edition of +his treatise came out in 1673. The "large additions" of his second +edition in 1674, are chiefly made from the work of Van Braght. + +The original portion of Van Braght's work is, however, confined to the +first part. The second part, _The Martyrology_, strictly so called, is +of much earlier date. Many single narratives appeared at the time, and +collections of these were early made. The earliest collection of +martyrdoms bears the date of 1542. This was enlarged in 1562, 1578, +1580, and 1595. This fact I give on the authority of Professor Mueller of +Amsterdam, from the _Jaarboekje voor de Doopsgezinde Gemeenten in de +Nederlanden, 1838 en 1839_, pp. 102, 103. + +An edition, dated 1599, of these very rare books is now before me. It +has the following curious and affecting title: + + "Dit Boeck wort genaemt: Het Offer des Heeren, Om het inhout van + sommige opgeofferde Kinderen Gods, de welcke voort gebrocht + hebben, wt den goeden schat haers herten, Belijdinghen, + Sentbrieuen ende Testamenten, de welcke sy met den monde beleden, + ende met den bloede bezeghelt hebben, &c. &c. Tot Harlinghen. By + my Peter Sebastiaenzoon, Int jaer ons Heeren MDXCIX." + +It is a thick 12mo. of 229 folios, and contains the martyrdoms of +thirty-three persons (the first of which is Stephen), which were +subsequently embodied in the larger martyrologies. Each narrative is +followed by a versified version of it. A small book of hymns is added, +some of them composed by the martyrs; and the letters and confession of +one Joos de Tollenaer, who was put to death at Ghent in 1589. + +In 1615, a large collection of these narratives appeared at Haarlem in a +thick 4to. volume. The compilers were Hans de Ries, Jaques Outerman, and +Joost Govertsoon, all eminent Mennonite ministers. Two editions followed +from the press of Zacharias Cornelis at Hoorn in 1617 and 1626, both in +4to., but under different editorship. The last edition was offensive to +the Haarlem editors, who therefore published a fourth at Haarlem in +1631. As its title is brief, I will give it from the copy in my library: + + "Martelaers Spiegel der Werelose Christenen t' zedert A. D. 1524. + Joan, xv. 20. Matt. x. 28. Esai, li. 7. Joan xvi. 2. 1 Pet. iv. + 19. [All quoted at length.] Gedrukt tot Haarlem Bij Hans + Passchiers van Wesbusch. In't Jaer onses Heeren, 1631." + +This edition is in small folio. The title-page is from a copperplate, +and is adorned with eight small engravings, representing scenes of +suffering and persecution from scripture. The narratives of martyrs +extends from 1524 to 1624. It is this work which forms the basis of Van +Braght's. He added to it the whole of his first part, and also some +additional narratives in the second. To the best of his ability he +verified the whole. + +These works are frequently referred to by Ottius in his _Annales +Anabaptistici_ under the titles "Martyrologium Harlemense" and +"Martyrologium Hornanum." + +From a paper in the _Archivs fuer Kunde oesterreichischer +Geschichtsquellen_, I learn that a MS. exists in the City library of +Hamburgh, with the following title: + + "Chronickel oder Denkbueechel darinnen mit kurtzen Begriffen, Was + sich vom 1524 Jar, Bis auff gegenwaertige Zeit, in der gemain + zuegetragen, vnd wie viel trewer Zeugen Jesu Christij die warheit + Gottes so riterlich mit irem bluet bezeugt. 1637." + +The work appears chiefly confined to a history of the Moravian +Anabaptists: but from passages given by the writer, Herr Gregor Wolny, +it is evident that it contains many of the narratives given by Van +Braght. The earlier portion of the MS. was written previous to 1592, +when its writer or compiler died. Three continuators carried on the +narrations to 1654. The last date in it is June 7, 1654; when Daniel +Zwicker, in his own handwriting, records his settlement as pastor over a +Baptist church. Mention is made of this MS. by Ottius, and by Fischer in +his _Tauben-kobel_, p. 33., &c. For any additional particulars +respecting it, I should feel greatly obliged. + +It does not appear to be known to your correspondent that a translation +of the second part of Van Braght's work has been commenced in this +country, of which the first volume was issued by the Hanserd Knollys +Society last year. A translation of the entire work appeared in 1837, in +Pennsylvania, U. S., for the use of the Mennonite churches, emigrants +from Holland and Germany to whom the language of their native land had +become a strange tongue. + + E. B. U. + + 33. Moorgate Street, London. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Spick and Span New_ (Vol. iii., p. 330.).--The corresponding _German_ +word is _Spann-nagel-neu_, which may be translated as "New from the +stretching needle;" and corroborates the meaning given by you. I may +remark the French have no equivalent phrase. It is evidently a familiar +allusion of the clothmakers of England and Germany. + + BENBOW. + + Birmingham. + +_Under the Rose_ (Vol. iii., pp. 300.).--There is an old Club in this +town (Birmingham) called the "Bear Club," and established (ut dic.) +circa 1738, formerly of some repute. Among other legends of the Club, is +one, that in the centre of the ceiling of their dining-room was once a +carved rose, and that the members always drank as a first toast, to "The +health of the King," [under the rose], meaning the Pretender. + + BENBOW. + +_Handel's Occasional Oratorio_ (Vol. iii., p. 426.).--The "Occasional +Oratorio" is a separate composition, containing an overture, 10 +recitatives, 21 airs, 1 duet, and 15 choruses. It was produced in the +year 1745. It is reported, I know not on what authority, that the King +having ordered Handel to produce a new oratorio on a given day, and the +artist having answered that it was impossible to do it in the time +(which must have been unreasonably short, to extort such a reply from +the intellect that produced _The Messiah_ in three weeks, and _Israel in +Egypt_ in four), his Majesty deigned no other answer than that done it +must and should be, whether possible or not, and that the result was the +putting forward of the "Occasional Oratorio." + +The structure of the oratorio, which was evidently a very hurried +composition, gives a strong air of probability to the anecdote. +Evidently no libretto was written for it; the words tell no tale, are +totally unconnected, and not even always tolerable English, a fine +chorus (p. 39. Arnold) going to the words "Him or his God we no fear." +It is rather a collection of sacred pieces, strung together literally +without rhyme or reason in the oratorio form, than one oratorio. The +examination of it leads one to the conclusion, that the composer took +from his portfolio such pieces as he happened to have at hand, strung +them together as he best could, and made up the necessary quantity by +selections from his other works. Accordingly we find in it the pieces +"The Horse and his Rider," "Thou shalt bring them in," "Who is like unto +Thee?" "The Hailstone Chorus," "The Enemy said I will pursue," from +_Israel in Egypt_, written in 1738; the chorus "May God from whom all +Mercies spring," from _Athaliah_ (1733); and the chorus "God save the +King, long live the King," from the _Coronation Anthem_ of 1727. There +is also the air "O! Liberty," which he afterwards (in 1746) employed in +_Judas Maccabaeus_. Possibly some other pieces of this oratorio may be +found also in some of Handel's other works, not sufficiently stamped on +my memory for me to recognise them; but I may remark that the quantity +of _Israel in Egypt_ found in it may perhaps have so connected it in +some minds with that glorious composition as to have led to the practice +referred to of prefixing in performance the overture to the latter work, +to which, although the introductory movement, the fine adagio, and grand +march are fit enough, the light character of the fugue is, it must be +confessed, singularly inappropriate. + +I am not aware of any other "occasion" than that of the King's will, +which led to the composition of this oratorio. + + D. X. + +_Stone Chalice_ (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--They are found in the ancient +churches in Ireland, and some are preserved in the Museum of the Royal +Irish Academy, and in private collections. A beautiful specimen is +engraved in Wakeman's _Handbook of Irish Antiquities_, p. 161. + + R. H. + +_Thanksgiving Book_ (Vol. iii., p. 328.).--The charge for a +"Thanksgiving Book," mentioned by A CHURCHWARDEN, was no doubt for a +Book of Prayers, &c., on some general thanksgiving day, probably after +the battle of Blenheim and the taking of Gibraltar, which would be about +the month of November. A similar charge appears in the Churchwardens' +accounts for the parish of _Eye, Suffolk_, at a much earlier period, +viz. 1684, which you may probably deem worthy of insertion in your +pages: + + "_Payments._ _l._ _s._ _d._ + + "It. To Flegg for sweepinge and dressinge + upp the church the nynth + of September beeinge A day of + _Thanks-givinge_ for his Ma'ties + deliv'ance from the Newkett + Plot 00 03 00 + + "It. For twoe _Bookes_ for the 9th of September + aforesaid 00 01 00" + + J. B. COLMAN. + + Eye, April 29, 1851. + +_Carved Ceiling in Dorsetshire_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--Philip, King of +Castile (father to Charles V.), was forced by foul weather into Weymouth +Harbour. He was hospitably entertained by Sir Thomas Trenchard, who +invited Mr. Russell of Kingston Russell to meet him. King Philip took +such delight in his company that at his departure he recommended him to +King Henry VII. as a person of spirit "fit to stand before princes, and +not before mean men." He died in 1554, and was the ancestor of the +Bedford family. Sir Thomas Trenchard probably had the ceiling. See +Fuller's _Worthies_ (_Dorsetshire_), vol. i. p. 313. + + A. HOLT WHITE. + +The house of which your correspondent has heard his tradition is +certainly _Woolverton House_, in the parish of Charminster, near this +town. + +It was built by Sir Thomas Trenchard, who died 20 Hen. VIII.; and +tradition holds, as history tells us, that Phillip, Archduke of Austria, +and King of Castile, with his queen _Juana_, or _Joanna_, were driven by +weather into the port of Weymouth: and that Sir Thomas Trenchard, then +the High Sheriff of the county, invited their majesties to his house, +and afforded them entertainment that was no less gratifying than timely. + +Woolverton now belongs to James Henning, Esq. There is some fine carving +in the house, though it is not the ceiling that is markworthy; and it is +thought by some to be the work of a foreign hand. At Woolverton House +were founded the high fortunes of the House of Bedford. Sir Thomas +Trenchard, feeling the need of an interpreter with their Spanish +Majesties, happily bethought himself of a John Russell, Esq., of +Berwick, who had lived some years in Spain, and spoke Castilian; and +invited him, as a Spanish-English mouth, to his house: and it is said he +accompanied the king and queen to London, where he was recommended to +the favour of Hen. VII.; and after rising to high office, received from +Hen. VIII. a share of the monastic lands. + +See Hutchins's _History of Dorset_. + + W. BARNES. + + Dorchester. + +_"Felix quem faciunt," &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 373. 431.).--The passage +cited by C. H. P. as assigned to Plautus, and which he says he cannot +find in that author, occurs in one of the interpolated scenes in the +_Mercator_, which are placed in some of the old editions between the 5th +and 6th Scenes of Act IV. In the edition by Pareus, printed at Neustadt +(Neapolis Nemetum) in 1619, 4to., it stands thus: + + "Verum id dictum est: Feliciter is sapit, qui periculo alieno + sapit." + +I was wrong in attributing it to Plautus, and should rather have called +it _Plautine_. By a strange slip of the pen or the press, pericu_lum_ is +put instead of pericu_lo_ in my note. Niebuhr has a very interesting +essay on the interpolated scenes in Plautus, in the first volume of his +_Kleine Historische und Philologische Schriften_, which will show why +these scenes and passages, marked as supposititious in some editions, +are now omitted. It appears that they were made in the fifteenth century +by Hermolaus Barbarus. See a letter from him to the Bishop of Segni, in +_Angeli Politiani Epistolae_, lib. xii. epist. 25. + +To the parallel thoughts already cited may be added the following: + + "Ii qui sciunt, quid aliis acciderit, facile ex aliorum eventu, + suis rationibus possunt providere." + + _Rhetoric. ad Herennium_, L. 4. c. 9. + + "I' presi esempio de' lor stati rei, + Facendomi profitto l' altrui male + In consolar i casi e dolor miei." + + Petrarca, _Trionfo della Castita_. + + "Ben' e felice quel, donne mie care, + Ch' essere accorto all' altrui spese impare." + + Ariosto, _Orl. Fur._, canto X. + + S. W. SINGER. + +_The Saint Graal_ (Vol. iii., p. 413.).--I see that MR. G. STEPHENS +states, that Mons. Roquefort's nine columns are decisive of Saint Graal +being derived from Sancta Cratera. I am unacquainted with the word +_cratera_, unless in Ducange, as meaning a basket. But _crater_, a +goblet, is the word meant by Roquefort. + +How should _graal_ or _greal_ come from _crater_? I cannot see common +sense in it. Surely that ancient writer, nearly, or quite, contemporary +with the publication of the romance, Helinandus Frigidimontanus, may be +trusted for the fact that _graal_ was French for "gradalis or gradale," +which meant "scutella lata et aliquantulum profunda in qua preciosae +dapes cum suo jure divitibus solent apponi." (Vide Helinand. ap. +Vincentium Bellovacensem, _Speculum Historiale_, lib. 43. cap. 147.) Can +there be a more apparent and palpable etymology of any word, than that +_graal_ is _gradale_? See Ducange in _Gradale_, No. 3, and in +_Gradalis_, and the three authorities (of which Helinand is not one) +cited by him. + + A. N. + +_Skeletons at Egyptian Banquet_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--The +_interpretation_ of this is probably from Jer. Taylor's own head. See, +for the history of the association in his mind, his sermon on the +"Marriage Ring." + + "It is fit that I should infuse a bunch of myrrh into the festival + goblet, and, after the Egyptian manner, serve up a dead man's + bones as a feast." + + Q. Q. + +_Sewell_ (Vol. iii., p. 391.).--Allow me to refer H. C. K. to a passage +in the _Letters on the Suppression of the Monasteries_, published by the +Camden Society, p. 71., for an example of the word _sewelles_. It is +there said to be equivalent to _blawnsherres_. The scattered pages of +Duns Scotus were put to this use, after he was banished from Oxford by +the Royal Commissioners. + +The word is perhaps akin to the low Latin _suellium_, threshing-floor, +or to the Norman French _swele_, threshold: in which case the original +meaning would be _bounds_ or _limits_. + + C. H. + + St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + +_Col-fabias_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--This word is a Latinised form of the +Irish words Cul-{f}eabu{s} (cul-feabus), _i. e._ "a closet of decency" +or "for the sake of decency." + + FRA. CROSSLEY. + +_Poem from the Digby MS._ (Vol. iii., p. 367.).--Your correspondent H. +A. B. will find the lines in his MS. beginning + + "You worms, my rivals," &c., + +printed, with very slight variations, amongst Beaumont's poems, in +Moxon's edition of the Works of Beaumont and Fletcher, 1840. They are +the concluding lines of "An Elegy on the Lady Markham." + + W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., pp. 37. 126.).--I find the following passage in +the fourth edition of Blount's _Glossographia_, published as far back as +1674. + + "_Umbrello_ (Ital. _Ombrella_), a fashion of round and broad Fans, + wherewith the _Indians_ (and from them our great ones) preserve + themselves from the heat of the sun or fire; and hence any little + shadow, Fan, or other thing, wherewith the women guard their faces + from the sun." + +In Kersey's _Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum_, 1708, it is thus noticed-- + + "_Umbrella_, or _Umbrello_, a kind of broad Fan or Skreen, + commonly us'd by women to shelter them from Rain: also a Wooden + Frame cover'd with cloth to keep off the sun from a window." + + "_Parasol (F.)_, a small sort of canopy or umbrello, which women + carry over their heads." + +And in Phillips's _New World of Words_, 7th ed., 1720-- + + "_Umbrella_ or _Umbrello_, a kind of broad Fan or Skreen, which in + hot countries People hold over their heads to keep off the Heat + of the Sun; or such as are here commonly us'd by women to shelter + them from Rain: Also, a wooden Frame cover'd with cloth or stuff, + to keep off the sun from a window." + + "_Parasol (Fr.)_, a small sort of canopy or umbrello, which women + carry over their Heads, to shelter themselves from Rain," &c. + + T. C. T. + +_The Curse of Scotland_ (Vol. iii., p. 22.).--Your correspondent L. +says, the true explanation of the circumstance of the nine of diamonds +being called the curse of Scotland is to be found in the game of Pope +Joan; but with all due deference to him, I must beg entirely to dissent +from this opinion, and to adhere to the notion of its origin being +traceable to the heraldic bearing of the family of Dalrymple, which are +or, on a saltire azure, _nine lozenges of the field_. + +There can be no doubt that John Dalrymple, 2nd Viscount and 1st Earl of +Stair, justly merited the appellation of the "Curse of Scotland," from +the part which he took in the horrible massacre of Glencoe, and from the +utter detestation in which he was held in consequence, and which +compelled him to resign the secretaryship in 1695. After a deliberate +inquiry by the commissioners had declared _him_ to be guilty of the +massacre, we cannot wonder that the man should be held up to scorn by +the most popular means which presented themselves; and the nine diamonds +in his shield would very naturally, being the insignia of his family, be +the best and most easily understood mode of perpetuating that +detestation in the minds of the people. + + L. J. + +_Bawn_ (Vol. i., p. 440.; Vol. ii., pp. 27. 60. 94.).--Your +correspondents will find some information on this word in Ledwich's +_Antiquities of Ireland_, 2nd edit. p. 279.; and in Wakeman's _Handbook +of Irish Antiquities_, p. 141. Ledwich seems to derive the word from the +Teutonic _Bawen_, to construct and secure with branches of trees. + + R. H. + +_Catacombs and Bone-houses_ (Vol. i., p. 171.).--MR. GATTY will find a +vivid description of the bone-house at Hythe, in Mr. Borrow's +_Lavengro_, vol. i. I have no reference to the exact page. + + C. P. PH***. + +_Bacon and Fagan_ (Vol. iii., p. 106.).--The letters B and F are +doubtless convertible, as they are both labial letters, and can be +changed as _b_ and _p_ are so frequently. + +1. The word "batten" is used by Milton in the same sense as the word +"fatten." + +2. The Latin word "flo" is in English "to blow." + +3. The word "flush" means much the same as "blush." + +4. The Greek word [Greek: bremo] is in the Latin changed to "fremo." + +5. The Greek word [Greek: bora] = in English "forage." + +6. _Herod._ vii. 73. [Greek: Bilippos] for [Greek: Philippos]; [Greek: +Bryges] for [Greek: Phryges]. + +7. [Greek: Phalaina] in Greek = "balaena" in Latin = "balene" in French. + +8. [Greek: Phero] in Greek = "to bear" in English. + +9. "Frater" in Latin = "brother" in English. + +Many other instances could probably be found. + +I think that we may fairly imply that the labials _p_, _b_, _f_, _v_, +may be interchanged, in the same way as the dental letters _d_ and _t_ +are constantly; and I see no reason left to doubt that the word Bacon is +the same as the word Fagan. + + [Greek: Philologos.] + +_To learn by Heart_ (Vol. iii., p. 425.).--When A SUBSCRIBER TO YOUR +JOURNAL asks for some account of the origin of the phrase "to learn by +Heart," may he not find it in St. Luke i. 66, ii. 19. 51.? + +"To learn by _memory_" (or by "_rote_") conveys to my own mind a very +different notion from what I conceive to be expressed by the words "To +learn by _heart_." Just as there is an evident difference between a +_gentleman in heart and feeling_, and a _gentleman in manners and +education only_; so there is a like difference (as I conceive) between +learning by heart and learning by rote; namely, the difference between a +_moral_, and a merely _intellectual_, operation of the mind. To learn by +_memory_ is to learn by _rote_, as a parrot: to learn by _heart_ is to +learn _morally--practically_. Thus, we say, we give our hearts to our +pursuits: we "love God with all our hearts," pray to Him "with the +spirit, and with the understanding," and "with the heart believe unto +righteousness:" we "ponder in our hearts," "muse in our hearts," and +"keep things in our hearts," i. e. "_learn by heart_." + + J. E. + +_Auriga_ (Vol. iii., p. 188.).--Claudius Minois, in his Commentaries on +the _Emblemata_ of Alciatus, gives the following etymology of +"Auriga:"-- + + "Auriga non dicitur ab auro, sed ab aureis: sunt enim aureae lora + sive fraeni, qui equis ad aures alligantur; sicut oreae, quibus ora + coercentur."--_Alciati Emblemata_, Emb. iv. p. 262. + + W. R. + + Hospitio Chelhamensi. + +_Vineyards in England_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.; Vol. iii., p. 341.).--Add to +the others _Wynyard_, so far north as Durham. + + C. + +_Barker_ (Vol. iii., p. 406.).--Mr. Barker lived in West Square, St. +George's Fields, a square directly opposite the Philanthropic Society's +chapel. + + G. + +_Barker, the original Panorama Painter._--MR. CUNNINGHAM is quite +correct in stating Robert Barker to be the originator of the Panorama. +His first work of the kind was a view of Edinburgh, of which city, I +believe, he was a native. + +On his death, in 1806, he was succeeded by his son, Mr. Henry Aston +Barker, the Mr. Barker referred to by A. G. This gentleman and his wife +(one of the daughters of the late Admiral Bligh) are both living, and +reside at Bitton, a village lying midway between this city and Bath. + + A SUBSCRIBER. + + Bristol, June 2, 1851. + +_The Tanthony_ (Vol. iii., pp. 105. 229. 308.).--ARUN's Query is fully +answered by a reference to Mrs. Jameson's _Sacred and Legendary Art_, +vol. ii. p. 379., where the bell is shown to be emblematic of the +saint's power to exorcise evil spirits, and reference is made to several +paintings (and an engraving given of one) in which it is represented. +The phrase "A Tantony Pig" is also explained, for which see further +Halliwell's _Dict. of Arch. and Prov. Words_, s.v. Anthony. + + C. P. PH***. + +_Essay on the Irony of Sophocles, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 389.).--Three +Queries by NEMO: 1. The Rev. Connop Thirlwall, now Bishop of St. +David's, is the author of the essay in question. 2. Cicero, _Tusc. +Disp._, i. 15. 39.:--_Errare_ mehercule _malo cum Platone ... quam cum +istis vera sentire_; (again), Cicero, _ad Attic._, l. viii. ep. +7.:--_Malle_, quod dixerim, me _cum Pompeio vinci, quam cum istis +vincere_. 3. The remark is Aristotle's; but the same had been said of +Homer by Plato himself: + + "Aristot. [_Eth. Nicom._ l. i. cap. 6. Sec. 1. ed. Oxon.] is + reluctant to criticise Plato's doctrine of _Ideas_, [Greek: dia to + philous andras eisagagein ta eide]: but, he adds, the truth must + nevertheless be spoken:--[Greek: amphoin gar ontoin philoin, + hosion protiman ten aletheian.] + + "Plato [_de Repub._, X. cap. 1. p. 595 b.]:--[Greek: Philia tis me + kai aidos ek paidos echousa peri Homerou apokolyei legein ... all' + ou gar pro ge tes aletheias timeteos aner.]" + + C. P. PH***. + +_Achilles and the Tortoise_ (Vol. ii., p. 154.).--S. T. Coleridge has +explained this paradox in _The Friend_, vol. iii. p. 88. ed. 1850: a +note is subjoined regarding Aristotle's attempted solution, with a +quotation from Mr. de Quincey, in _Tate's Mag._, Sept. 1834, p. 514. The +passage in _Leibnitz_ which [Greek: Idihotes] requires, is probably +"_Opera_, i. p. 115. ed. Erdmann." + + C. P. PH***. + +_Early Rain called "Pride of the Morning"_ (Vol. ii., p. 309.).--In +connexion with this I would quote an expression in Keble's _Christian +Year_, "On the Rainbow," (25th Sun. after Trin.): + + "_Pride of the_ dewy _Morning_! + The swain's experienced eye + From thee takes timely warning, + Nor trusts else the gorgeous sky." + + C. P. PH***. + +_The Lost Tribes_ (Vol. ii., p. 130.).--JARLTZBERG will find one theory +on this subject in Dr. Asahel Grant's book, _The Nestorians; or, the +Lost Tribes_, published by Murray; 12mo. + + C. P. PH***. + +"_Noli me Tangere_" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 253. 379.).--There is an +exquisite criticism upon the treatment of this subject by various +painters, accompanied by an etching from Titian, in that delightful +book, Mrs. Jameson's _Sacred and Legendary Art_, vol. i. pp 354. 360.; +and to the list of painters who have illustrated this subject, add +_Holbein_, in the Hampton Court Gallery. (See Mrs. Jameson's _Handbook +to the Public Galleries_, pp. 172. 353., 1845.) + + C. P. PH***. + +"_The Sicilian Vespers_" (Vol. ii., p. 166.).--Your correspondent is +referred to _The War of the Sicilian Vespers_, by Amari, translated by +the Earl of Ellesmere, published very lately by Murray. + + C. P. PH***. + +_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol ii., pp. 216. 521.)--C. B. says, alluding to +JARLTZBERG's references, "there is nothing in Solinus;" I read, however, +in Solinus, cap. xv. (fol. 70. ed. Ald. 1518), under the heading, +"Thracum mores, etc.": + + "Uterque sexus epulantes focos ambiunt, herbarum quas habent + semine ignibus superjecto. Cujus nidore perculsi pro laetitia + habent imitari ebrietatem sensibus sauciatis." + +JARLTZBERG's reference to Herod. i. 36. supplies nothing to the point: +Herod. iv. 2. mentions the use of bone pipes, [Greek: physeteras +osteinous], by the Scythians, _in milking_; but Herodotus (iv. 73. 75.) +describes the orgies of the Scythians, who produced intoxicating fumes +by strewing hemp-seed upon red-hot stones, as the leaves and seed of the +Hasisha al fokara, or hemp-plant, are smoked in the East at the present +day. (See De Sacy, _Chrestom. Arabe_, vol. ii. p. 155.) Compare also +Plutarch de Fluviis (_de Hebro_, fr. 3.), who speaks of a plant +resembling Origanum, from which the Thracians procured a stupefying +vapour, by burning the stalks: + + "[Greek: Epititheasi pyri ... kai ten anapheromenen anathymiasin + dechomenoi tais anapnoiais, karountai, kai eis bathyn hypnon + katapherontai.] [Opera Varia, vol. vi. p. 444. ed. Tauchn.]" + + C. P. PH***. + +_Milton and the Calves-Head Club_ (Vol. iii., p. 390).--Dr. Todd, in his +edition of Milton's _Works_, in 1809, p. 158., mentions the rumour, +without expressing any opinion of its truth. I think he omits all +mention of it in his subsequent edition in 1826, and therefore hope he +has adopted the prevailing opinion that it is a contemptible libel. In a +note to the former edition is a reference to Kennett's _Register_, p. +38., and to _"Private forms of Prayer fitted for the late sad times," +&c._, 12mo., Lond., 1660, attributed to Dr. Hammond. An anonymous +author, quoting the verbal assurance of "a certain active Whigg," would +be entitled to little credit in attacking the character of the living, +and ought surely to be scouted when assailing the memory of the dead. In +Lowndes' _Bib. Man._ it is stated that + + "This miserable trash has been attributed to the author of + Hudibras." + + J. F. M. + +_Voltaire's Henriade_ (Vol. iii., p. 388.).--I have two translations of +this poem in English verse, in addition to that mentioned at p. 330., +viz., one in 4to., Anon., London, 1797; and one by Daniel French, 8vo., +London, 1807. The former, which, as I collect from the preface, was +written by a lady and a foreigner, alludes to two previous translations, +one in blank verse (probably Lockman's), and the other in rhyme. + + J. F. M. + +_Petworth Register_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--Your correspondent C. H. +appears to give me too much credit for diligence, in having "searched" +after this document; for in truth I did nothing beyond writing to the +rector of the parish, the Rev. Thomas Sockett. All that I can positively +say as to my letter, is, that it was intended to be courteous; that it +stated my reason for the inquiry; that it contained an apology for the +liberty taken in applying to a stranger; and that Mr. Sockett did not +honour me with any answer. I believe, however, that I asked whether the +register still existed; if so, what was its nature, and over what period +it extended; and whether it had been printed or described in any +antiquarian or topographical book. + +Perhaps some reader may have the means of giving information on these +points; and if he will do so through the medium of your periodical, he +will oblige both C. H. and myself. Or perhaps C. H. may be able to +inquire through some more private channel, in which case I should feel +myself greatly indebted to him if he would have the goodness to let me +know the result. + + J. C. ROBERTSON. + + Beakesbourne. + +_Apple-pie Order_ (Vol. iii., p. 330.).--The solution of J. H. M. to MR. +SNEAK's inquiry is not satisfactory. "Alternate layers of sliced pippins +and mutton steaks" might indeed make a pie, but not an apple-pie, +therefore this puzzling phrase must have had some other origin. An +ingenious friend of mine has suggested that it may perhaps be derived +from that expression which we meet with in one of the scenes of +_Hamlet_, "Cap a pied;" where it means perfectly appointed. The +transition from _cap a pied_, or "cap a pie," to _apple-pie_, has rather +a rugged appearance, orthographically, I admit; but the ear soon becomes +accustomed to it in pronunciation. + + A. N. + + [MR. ROBERT SNOW and several other correspondents have also + suggested that the origin of the phrase "apple-pie order" is to + be found in the once familiar "cap a pied."] + +_Durham Sword that killed the Dragon_ (Vol. iii., p. 425.).--For details +of the tradition, and an engraving of the sword, see Surtees' _History +of Durham_, vol. iii. pp. 243, 244. + + W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Malentour_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.)--Your correspondent F. E. M. will find +the word _Malentour_, or _Malaentour_, given in Edmondson's _Complete +Body of Heraldry_ as the motto of the family of Patten alias Wansfleet +(_sic_) of Newington, Middlesex: it is said to be borne on a scroll over +the crest, which is a Tower in flames. + +In the "Book of Mottoes" the motto ascribed to the name of Patten is +_Mal au Tour_, and the double meaning is suggested, "Misfortune to the +Tower," and "Unskilled in artifice." + +The arms that accompany it in Edmondson are nearly the same as those of +William Pattyn alias Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor +temp. Hen. VI.--the founder of Magdalen College, Oxford. + + F. C. M. + +_The Bellman and his History_ (Vol. iii., pp. 324. 377.).--Since my +former communication on this subject I have been referred to the cut of +the Bellman and his _Dog_ in Collier's _Roxburghe Ballads_, p. 59., +taken from the first edition of Dekker's _Belman of London_, printed in +1608. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, May 17, 1851. + +"_Geographers on Afric's Downs_" (Vol. iii., p. 372.).--Is your +correspondent A. S. correct in his quotation? In a poem of Swift's, "On +Poetry, a Rhapsody," are these lines:-- + + "So geographers, in Afric maps + With savage pictures fill their gaps, + And o'er unhabitable downs + Place elephants for want of towns." + + _Swift's Works, with Notes by Dr. Hawksworth_, 1767, + vol. vii. p, 214. + + C. DE D. + +"_Trepidation talk'd_" (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--The words attributed to +Milton are-- + + "That crystalline sphere whose balance weighs + The trepidation talk'd, and that first moved." + +Paterson's comment, quoted by your correspondent, is exquisite: he +evidently thinks there were two trepidations, one _talked_, the other +_first moved_. + +The _trepidation_ (not a tremulous, but a turning or oscillating motion) +is a well-known hypothesis added by the Arab astronomers to Ptolemy, in +explanation of the precession of the equinoxes. This precession they +imagined would continue retrograde for a long period, after which it +would be direct for another long period, then retrograde again, and so +on. They, or their European followers, I forget which, invented the +_crystal_ heaven, an apparatus outside of the _starry_ heaven (these +cast-off phrases of astronomy have entered into the service of poetry, +and the _empyreal_ heaven with them), to cause this slow turning, or +trepidation, in the starry heaven. Some used _two_ crystal heavens, and +I suspect that Paterson, having some confused idea of this, fancied he +found them both in Milton's text. I need not say that your correspondent +is quite right in referring the words _first moved_ to the _primum +mobile_. + +Again, _balance_ in Milton never _weighs_. _Scale_ is his word (iv. 997. +x. 676.) for a weighing apparatus. Where he says of Satan's army (i. +349.), + + "In even balance down they light + On the firm brimstone," + +he appears to mean that they were in regular order, with a right wing to +balance the left wing. The direct motion of the crystal heaven, +following and compensating the retrograde one, is the "balance" which +"_was_ the trepidation _called_;" and this I suspect to be the true +reading. The past tense would be quite accurate, for all the Ptolemaists +of Milton's time had abandoned the _trepidation_. As the text stands it +is nonsense; even if Milton did _dictate_ it, we know that he never +_saw_ it; and there are several passages of which the obscurity may be +due to his having had to rely on others. Witness the lines in book iv. +995-1002. + + M. + +_Registry of Dissenting Baptisms in Churches_ (Vol. iii., p. 370.).--I +forward extracts from the Registers of the parish of Saint Benedict in +this town relating to the baptism of Dissenters. (Mr. Hussey, mentioned +in several of the entries, was Joseph Hussey, minister of a Dissenting +congregation here from 1691 to 1720. His meeting-house on Hog Hill (now +St. Andrew's Hill) in this town was pillaged by a Jacobite mob, 29th +May, 1716. He died in London in 1726, and was the author of several +works, which are now very scarce.) + + "1697. October 14th. William the Son of Richard Jardine and + Elisabeth his Wife was baptiz'd in a Private Congregation by Mr. + Hussey in ye name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost. + + "Witnesses, Robert Wilson, Richard Jardine. + + "1698. Henery the Son of John and Sarah Shipp was baptized in a + Private Congregation by Mr. Hussey December 1. Elisabeth the + Daughter of Richard and Elisabeth Jardine was born ye twenty-first + day of January and baptized the second day of February 1698/99 in + a Private Congregation. + + "1700. Walter the Son of Richard and Elisabeth Jardine born July + 23 and said to be baptized in a Separate Congregation by Mr. + Hussey Aug. 20. + + "1701. Elisabeth Daughter of Richard Jardine and Elisabeth his + wife born October 7. and said to be baptized at a Private + Congregation Novemb. 3d. + + "1702. June 22. Miram the Son of Thomas Short and Mary his Wife + said to be baptized at a Separate Congregation. Jane the Daughter + of Richard Jardine and Elizabeth his Wife said to be baptized at a + Separate Congregation Dec. 21. + + "1703. John the Son of Alexander Jardine and Elisabeth his Wife + said to be baptized at a Separate Congregation, Mar. 31. + + "1705. Alexander the Son of Alexander Jardine and ... his Wife was + as 'tis said baptized in a Separate Congregation July 1705. + + "1706. John the Son of Alexander Jardine and Elisabeth his Wife + said to be baptized at a Private Congregation Dec. 11. + + "1707. Nov. 11. John the Son of Alexander and Elis. Jardine was + said to be baptized in Separate Congregation. + + "1710. Aug. 23. John ye Son of Bryan and Sarah Ellis was said to + have been baptized in Separate Congregation. + + "Nov. 15. Nath. ye Son of Alexander and Elisa Jardine was + said to be baptiz'd in a Separate Congregation." + +I have no recollection of having met with similar entries in any other +Parish Register. + + C. H. COOPER. + +_Redwing's Nest_ (Vol. iii., p. 408.).--I think that upon further +consideration C. J. A. will find his egg to be merely that of a +blackbird. While the eggs of some birds are so constant in their +markings that to see one is to know all, others--at the head of which we +may place the sparrow, the gull tribe, the thrush, and the +blackbird--are as remarkable for the curious variety of their markings, +and even of the shades of their colouring. And every schoolboy's +collection will show that these distinctions will occur in the same +nest. + +I also believe that there has been some mistake about the nest, for +though, like the thrush, the blackbird coats the interior of its nest +with mud, &c., it does not, like that bird, leave this coating exposed, +but adds another lining of soft dried grass. + + SELEUCUS. + +_Champak_ (Vol. iii., p. 84.).--A correspondent, C. P. PH***., asks +"What is Champak?" He will find a full description of the plant in Sir +William Jones's "Botanical Observations on Select Indian Plants," vol. +v. pp. 128-30. _Works_, ed. 1807. In speaking of it, he says: + + "The strong aromatic scent of the gold-coloured Champac is thought + offensive to the bees, who are never seen on its blossoms; but + their elegant appearance on the black hair of the Indian women is + mentioned by Rumphius; and both facts have supplied the Sanscrit + poets with elegant allusions." + + D. C. + + + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The first volume issued to the members of the Camden Society in return +for the present year's subscription affords in more than one way +evidence of the utility of that Society. It is an account _of Moneys +received and paid for Secret Services of Charles II. and James II._, and +is edited by Mr. Akerman from a MS. in the possession of William Selby +Lowndes, Esq. Of the value of the book as materials towards illustrating +the history of the period over which the payments extend, namely from +March 1679 to December 1688, there can be as little doubt, as there can +be that but for the Camden Society it never could have been published. +As a publishing speculation it could not have tempted any bookseller; +even if its owner would have consented to its being so given to the +world: and yet that in the simple entries of payments to the Duchess of +Portsmouth, to "Mrs. Ellinor Gwynne," to "Titus Oates," to the +Pendrells, &c., will be found much to throw light upon many obscure +passages of this eventful period of our national history, it is probable +that future editions of Mr. Macaulay's brilliant narrative of it will +afford ample proof. + +_The Antiquarian Etching Club_, which was instituted two or three years +since for the purpose of rescuing from oblivion, and preserving by means +of the graver, objects of antiquarian interest, has just issued the +first part of its publications for 1851. This contains twenty-one plates +of various degrees of merit, but all of great interest to the antiquary, +who looks rather for fidelity of representation than for artistic +effect. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--G. Bumstead's (205. High Holborn), Catalogue, Part +LI., containing many singularly Curious Books; James Darling's (Great +Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields) Catalogue, Part 49. of Books chiefly +Theological. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols. + +DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition. + +ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER. + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV. + +DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832. + +MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V. + +ART JOURNAL. 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849. + +BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the +Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni. + +STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX. + +KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols. + +The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBER'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. + +MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols. +Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted. + +L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo. +Utrecht, 1713. + +AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by +Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted. + +CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844. + +CRESPET, PERE. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits +contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581. + +CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite, de +l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des differentes Formes de la +Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols. +12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719. + +The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le +Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon," 12mo. Londres, +1721. + +THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the +unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c. +London, 1691. 12mo. + +MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol II. 1830. + +MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition. + +JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI. + +HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV. + +RUSSELL'S EUROPE FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824 Vol. II. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +AN M. D. _We cannot say whether the Queries referred to by our +correspondent have been received, unless he informs us to what subjects +they related._ + +C. P. PH*** _is thanked for his corrigenda to_ Vol. I. + +H. E. _The proper reading of the line referred to, which is from Nat. +Lee's_ Alexander the Great, _is_,-- + + "When Greeks joined Greeks, then was the tug of war." + +_See_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," No. 14. Vol. I., p. 211. + +SILENUS. _The oft quoted lines_,-- + + "He that fights and runs away," &c., + +_by Sir John Menzies, have already been fully illustrated in our +columns. See_ Vol. I., pp. 177. 203. 210.; _and_ Vol. II., p. 3. + +THE TRADESCANTS. _In_ C. C. R.'s _communication respecting this family_, +No. 84. p. 469., _for_ "-_a_pham" _and_ "Me_a_pham" read "-_o_pham" +_and_ "Me_o_pham." + +CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_ +T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be +justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should +forward copies of our_ PROSPECTUS _to correspondents who would kindly +enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of +literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already +been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are +greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for +this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist +towards increasing our circulation._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Trepidation talked--Carling Sunday--To learn by +Heart--Abel represented with Horns--Moore's Almanack--Dutch +Literature--Prenzie--Pope Joan--Death--Gillingham--Lines on the +Temple--Champac--Children at a Birth--Mark for a Dollar--Window +Tax--Tradescants--Banks Family--A regular Mull--Theory of the Earth's +Form--Heronsewes--Verse Lyon--Brittanicus--By the Bye--Baldrocks--A +Kemble Pipe--Republic of San Marino--Mythology of the Stars._ + +VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + + + + +Just published, in One handsome Volume, 8vo., profusely +illustrated with Engravings by JEWITT, price One Guinea, + + SOME ACCOUNT OF DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND, from the + CONQUEST to the END of the THIRTEENTH CENTURY, with numerous + Illustrations of Existing Remains from Original Drawings. + Interspersed with some Notices of Domestic Manners during the same + Period. By T. HUDSON TURNER. + + Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; and 377. Strand, London. + + +THE LANSDOWNE SHAKSPEARE. + + On July 1st will be published, Part I., price 4s., + + To be completed in Four Monthly Parts, to form one Handsome + Volume, crown 8vo. + + This beautiful and unique edition of Shakspeare will be produced + under the immediate and auspicious encouragement of the Most Noble + the Marquis of Lansdowne. + + It is anticipated that its triumph as a Specimen of the Art of + Printing will only be exceeded by the facility and clearness which + the new arrangement of the text will afford in reading the works + of "the mightiest of intellectual painters." Its portability will + render it as available for travelling, as its beauty will render + it an ornament to the drawing-room. + + Every care has been taken to render the text the most perfect yet + produced. The various folios and older editions, together with the + modern ones of Johnson, Steevens, Malone, Boswell, Knight, and + Collier (also Dyce's Remarks on the two latter), have been + carefully compared and numerous errors corrected. + + The Portrait, after Droeshout, will be engraved by H. ROBINSON in + his first style. + + London: WILLIAM WHITE, Pall Mall; and to be obtained of all + Booksellers. + + +NIMROUD OBELISK.--A reduced _Model_ of this interesting Obelisk is just +published, having the Cuneiform Writing, and five rows of figures on +each side, carefully copied from that sent by Dr. Layard to the British +Museum. The Model is in Black Marble, like the original, and stands +twenty inches high. _Mr. Tennant_, 149. Strand, London, will be happy to +show a copy, and receive Subscribers' names. He has also Models of +several Egyptian Obelisks. + + +Price 2_s._ 6_d._; by Post 3_s._ + + ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING To Mesmerism. Part I. By the + REV. S. R. MAITLAND, DD. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the + late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth. + + "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever + read."--_Morning Herald._ + + "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a + larger work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._ + + "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the + practices of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal._ + + "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the + 'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or + wrong. We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and + hope that he will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London + Medical Gazette._ + + "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say + important. That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most + successful we ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this + brief notice; but we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to + those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has + come to this at last) with the subject."--_Dublin Evening Post._ + + "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by + one whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the + genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so much + disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter Gazette._ + + "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention on the subject + for many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the + result of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it + which we should have been glad to quote ... but we content + ourselves with referring our readers to the pamphlet + itself."--_Brit. Mag._ + + W. STEPHENSON, 12. and 13. Parliament Street. + + +Next week, Volumes III. and IV. of + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. Comprehending the + period from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485. + + Lately published, price 28_s._ + + VOLUMES I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end + of Henry III., 1066 to 1272. + + "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is + treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in + which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously + unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of + his subject as to conduct it successfully through all the + intricacies of a difficult investigation; and such taste and + judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the + dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work + as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical + history."--_Gent. Mag._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +Just published, with Twelve Engravings, and Seven Woodcuts royal 8vo. +10_s._, cloth, + + THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE DEFINED AND ILLUSTRATED. + An Elementary Work, affording at a single glance a comprehensive + view of the History of English Architecture, from the Heptarchy to + the Reformation. By EDMUND SHARPE, M.A., Architect. + + "Mr. Sharpe's reasons for advocating changes in the nomenclature + of Rickman are worthy of attention, coming from an author who has + entered very deeply into the analysis of Gothic architecture, and + who has, in his 'Architectural Parallels,' followed a method of + demonstration which has the highest possible + value."--_Architectural Quarterly Review._ + + "The author of one of the noblest architectural works of modern + times. His 'Architectural Parallels' are worthy of the best days + of art, and show care and knowledge of no common kind. All his + lesser works have been marked in their degree by the same careful + and honest spirit. His attempt to discriminate our architecture + into periods and assign to it a new nomenclature, is therefore + entitled to considerable respect."--_Guardian._ + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +Now ready, price 5_s._ illustrated, No. I. of + + THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. + + CONTENTS. + + Introductory Address to our Readers. + The Great Exhibition and its Influence upon Architecture. + Design in Ecclesiastical Architecture. + Museums at Home and Abroad. + Ruskin and "The Stones of Venice." + Architectural Nomenclature and Classification. + Domestic Gothic Architecture in Germany. + Inventors and Authorship in relation to Architecture. + Assyrian Architecture. + NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. + Classified List of Books recently published. + RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW:--Chevreul on Colour. + BUILDINGS AND FURNITURE. + NEW INVENTIONS:--Machinery, Tools, and Instruments.--Materials, + and Contrivances; Self-acting Dust-shoot Door; Removal of Smoke + by Sewers, &c. &c.--Patents and Designs registered, &c. &c. + + GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +Just published, No. IX., imperial 4to., price 2_s._ 6_d._ + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing + Examples by J. K. COLLING, Architect. Continued Monthly. + + CONTENTS. + + Arches from Leverington Church, Cambridgeshire. + Details of ditto. + Tracery and Details from Altar Screen, Beverley Minster. + Parapet and Basement from St. Mary's Church, Beverley. + Seven Examples of Key Plates. + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 14, 1851. + + + + + List of volumes and pages in "Notes & Queries", Vol. I-III: + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes & Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes & Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1-15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17-32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33-48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49-64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65-79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81-96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes & Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1-15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17-31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33-47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49-78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81-95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-461 | PG # 36835 | + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 85, June 14, +1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 14, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 37403.txt or 37403.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/4/0/37403/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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