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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sex = Love, by Edward Carpenter
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sex = Love
+       And its Place in a Free Society
+
+Author: Edward Carpenter
+
+Release Date: March 16, 2013 [EBook #37356]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEX = LOVE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+SEX = LOVE,
+
+AND ITS PLACE IN A FREE SOCIETY: (SECOND EDITION)
+
+By Edward Carpenter.
+
+Price Fourpence.
+
+Manchester:
+
+The Labour Press Society Limited, Printers and Publishers
+
+1894.
+
+     TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE: There are several pages missing from
+     this small book. A serious search was made both online and
+     in print without another copy found. It seemed worthwhile to
+     transcribe the book in spite of the missing pages as this is
+     a startling essay for its date. If any reader should ever
+     come across an intact print or online copy, kindly inform
+     Project Gutenberg.  DW
+
+
+
+SEX = LOVE
+
+The subject of Sex is most difficult to deal with, not only on account
+of a certain prudery as well as a natural reticence on the subject, but
+doubtless also because the passion itself being so tremendously strong
+and occupying such a large part of human thought--and words being so
+scanty and inadequate on the subject--everything that _is_ said is
+liable to be misunderstood; the most violent inferences are made, and
+equivocations surmised, from the simplest remarks; qualified admissions
+of liberty are interpreted into recommendations of unbridled licence;
+and generally the perspective of literary expression is turned upside
+down by the effect of the unfamiliarity of the topic on the reader's
+mind.
+
+There is indeed a vast deal of fetishism in the current treatment of
+Sex; and the subject is dealt with as though it lay quite out of line
+with any other need or faculty of human nature. Nor can one altogether
+be surprised at this when one perceives of what vast import Sex is in
+the scheme of things, and how deeply it it has been associated since the
+earliest times not only with man's personal impulses but even with his
+religious sentiments and ceremonials.
+
+Next to hunger this is doubtless the most primitive and imperative of
+our needs. But in modern civilised life Sex enters probably even more
+into _consciousness_ than hunger. For the hunger-needs of the human race
+are in the later societies fairly well satisfied, but the sex-desires
+are strongly restrained, both by law and custom, from satisfaction--and
+so assert themselves all the more in thought.
+
+To find the place of these desires, their utterance, their control,
+their personal import, their social import, is a tremendous problem to
+every youth and girl, man and woman.
+
+There are a few of both sexes, doubtless, who hardly feel the
+passion--who have never been "in love," and who experience no strong
+sexual appetite--but these are rare. Practically the passion is a
+matter of universal experience; and speaking broadly and generally we
+may say it is a matter on which it is quite desirable that every adult
+at some time or other _should_ have experience--actual and physical, as
+well as emotional. There may be exceptions; but, as said, the
+sex-instinct lies so deep and is so universal, that for the
+understanding of life--of one's own life, of that of others, and of
+human nature in general--as well as for the proper development of one's
+own capacities, such experience is almost indispensable.
+
+While the glory of Sex pervades and suffuses all Nature; while the
+flowers are rayed and starred out towards the sun in the very ecstasy of
+generation; while the nostrils of the animals dilate, and their forms
+become instinct, under the passion, with a proud and fiery beauty;
+while even the human lover is transformed, and in the great splendors of
+the mountains and the sky perceives something to which he had not the
+key before--yet it is curious that just here, in Man, we find the magic
+wand of Nature suddenly broken, and doubt and conflict and division
+entering in, where a kind of unconscious harmony had erst prevailed.
+
+Heine I think says somewhere that the man who loves unsuccessfully knows
+himself to be a god. It is not perhaps till the great current of sexual
+love is checked and brought into conflict with the other parts of his
+being that the whole nature of the man, sexual and moral, under the
+tremendous stress rises into consciousness and reveals in fire its
+god-like quality. This is the work of the artificer who makes immortal
+souls--who out of the natural love evolves even a more perfect love. "In
+tutti gli amanti," says Giordano Bruno, "e questo fabro vulcano" ("in
+all lovers is this Olympian blacksmith present").
+
+To teach the child first, quite openly, its physical relation to its own
+mother, its long indwelling in her body, and the deep and sacred bond of
+tenderness between mother and child in consequence; then, after a time,
+to explain the work of fatherhood, and how the love of the parents for
+each other was the cause of its own (the child's) existence: these
+things are easy and natural--at least they are so to the young mind--and
+excite in it no surprise, or sense of unfitness, but only gratitude and
+a kind of tender wonderment. Then, later on, as the special sexual
+needs and desires develop, to instruct the girl or boy in the further
+details of the matter, and the care and right conduct of her or his own
+sexual nature; on the meaning and the dangers of solitary indulgence--if
+this habit has been contracted; on the need of self-control and the
+presence of affection in all relations with others, and (without
+asceticism) on the possibility of deflecting physical desire to some
+degree into affectional and emotional channels, and the great gain so
+resulting: all these are things which an ordinary youth of either sex
+will easily understand and appreciate, and which may be of priceless
+value, saving such an one from years of struggle in foul morasses, and
+waste of precious life-strength. Finally, with the maturity of *See
+Appendix.
+
+The moral nature, the supremacy of the pure human relation should be
+taught--not the extinguishment of desire, but the attainment of the real
+kernel of it, its dedication to the well-being of another--the evolution
+of the _human_ element in love, balancing the natural--till at last the
+snatching of an unglad pleasure, regardless of the other from whom it is
+snatched, or the surrender of one's body to another, for any reason
+except that of love, become things impossible.
+
+Between lovers then a kind of hardy temperance is much to be
+recommended--for all reasons, but especially because it lifts their
+satisfaction and delight in each other out of the region of
+ephemeralities (which too soon turn to dull indifference and satiety)
+into the region of more lasting things--one step nearer at any rate to
+the Eternal Kingdom. How intoxicating indeed, how penetrating--like a
+most precious wine--is that love which is the sexual transformed by the
+magic of the will into the emotional and spiritual! And what a loss on
+the merest grounds of prudence and the economy of pleasure is its
+unbridled waste along physical channels! So nothing is so much to be
+dreaded between lovers as just this--the vulgarisation of love--and this
+is the rock upon which marriage so often splits.
+
+There is a kind of illusion about physical desire similar to that which
+a child suffers from when, seeing a beautiful flower, it instantly
+snatches the same, and destroys in a few moments the form and fragrance
+which attracted it. He only gets the full glory who holds himself back a
+little, and truly possesses who is willing if need be not to possess.
+
+On the other hand it must not be pretended that the physical passions
+are by their nature abhorrent, or anything but admirable and desirable
+in their place. Any attempt to absolutely disown or despite them,
+carried out over long periods either by individuals or bodies of people,
+only ends in the _thinning out_ of the human nature--by the very
+consequent stinting of the supply of its growth-material, and is liable
+to stultify itself in time by leading to reactionary excesses. It must
+never be forgotten that the physical basis throughout life is of the
+first importance, and supplies the nutrition and food-stuff without
+which the higher powers cannot exist or at least manifest themselves.
+Intimacies founded on intellectual and moral affinities alone are seldom
+very deep and lasting; if the physical or sexual basis is quite absent,
+the acquaintanceship is liable to die away again like an ill-rooted
+plant. In many cases (especially of women) the nature is never really
+understood or disclosed till the sex-feeling is touched--however
+lightly. Besides it must be remembered that in order for a perfect
+intimacy between two people their bodies must by the nature of the case
+be free to each other. The sexual and bodily intimacy may not be the
+object for which they come together; but if it is denied, its denial
+will bar any real sense of repose and affiance, and make the relation
+restless, vague, tentative and unsatisfied.
+
+In these lights it will be seen that what we call asceticism and what we
+call libertinism are two sides practically of the same shield. So
+long as the tendency towards mere pleasure-indulgence is strong and
+uncontrolled, so long will the instinct towards asceticism assert
+itself--and rightly, else we might speedily find ourselves in headlong
+Phaethonian career. Asceticism is in its place (as the word would
+indicate) as an _exercise_; but let it not be looked upon as an end in
+itself, for that is a mistake of the same kind as going to the opposite
+extreme. Certainly if the welfare and happiness of the beloved one were
+always really the main purpose in our minds we should have plenty of
+occasion for self-control, and an artificial asceticism would not be
+needed. We look for a time doubtless when the hostility between these
+two parts of man's unperfected nature will be merged in the perfect
+love; but at present and until this happens their conflict is certainly
+one of the most pregnant things in all our experience; and must not by
+any means be blinked or evaded, but boldly faced. It is in itself almost
+a sexual act. The mortal nature through it is, so to speak, torn
+asunder; and through the rent so made in his mortality does it sometimes
+happen that a new and immortal man is born.
+
+The Sex-act affords the type of all pleasures. The dissatisfaction which
+at times follows on it is the same as follows on all pleasure which is
+_sought,_ and which does not come unsought. The dissatisfaction is not
+in the nature of pleasure itself but in the nature of _seeking_. In
+consciously surrendering oneself to the pursuit of things external, the
+"I" (since it really has everything and needs nothing) deceives itself,
+goes out from its true home, tears itself asunder, and admits a gap or
+rent in its own being. This is what is meant by _sin_--the separation or
+sundering (German _Suende_) of one's being--and all the pain that goes
+therewith. It all consists in _seeking_ those external things and
+pleasures; not (a thousand times be it said) in those external things or
+pleasures themselves. They are all fair and gracious enough; their
+place is to stand round the throne and offer their homage--rank behind
+rank in their multitudes--if so be we will accept it. But for us to go
+out of ourselves to run after _them_, to allow ourselves to be divided
+and rent in twain by _their_ attraction, that is an inversion of the
+order of heaven; and in so doing does sin and all suffering enter in.
+
+Of all pleasures the sexual tempts most strongly to this desertion of
+one's true self, and stands as the type of Maya and the world-illusion;
+yet the beauty of the loved one and the delight of corporeal union all
+turn to dust and ashes if bought at the price of disunion and disloyalty
+in the higher spheres--disloyalty even to the person whose mortal love
+is sought. The higher and more durable part of man, whirled along in the
+rapids and whirlpools of desire, experiences tortures the moment it
+comes to recognise that. It is something other than physical. Then comes
+the struggle to regain its lost Paradise, and the frightful effort of
+co-ordination between the two natures, by which the centre of
+consciousness is gradually transferred from the fugitive to the more
+permanent part, and the mortal and changeable is assigned its due place
+in the outer chambers and forecourts of the temple.
+
+Pleasure should come as the natural (and indeed inevitable)
+accompaniment of life, believed in with a kind of free faith, but never
+sought as the object of life. It is in the inversion of this order that
+the uncleanness of the senses arises. Sex to-day throughout the domains
+of civilisation is thoroughly unclean, in the gutter. Little boys
+bathing on the outskirts of our towns are hunted down by idiotic
+policemen, apparently infuriated by the sight of the naked body, even of
+childhood. Lately in one of our northern towns, the boys and men bathing
+in a public pool set apart by the corporation for the purpose,
+were--though forced to wear some kind of covering--kept till nine
+o'clock at night before they were allowed to go into the water--lest in
+the full daylight Mrs. Grundy should behold any portion of their bodies
+! and as for women and girls their disabilities in the matter are most
+serious.
+
+Till this dirty and dismal sentiment with regard to the human body is
+removed there can be little hope of anything like a free and gracious
+public life. With the regeneration of our social ideas the whole
+conception of Sex as a thing covert and to be ashamed of, marketable and
+unclean, will have to be regenerated. That inestimable freedom and pride
+which is the basis of all true manhood and womanhood will have to enter
+into this most intimate relation to preserve it frank and pure--pure
+from the damnable commercialism which buys and sells all human things,
+and from the religious hypocrisy which covers and conceals; and a
+healthy delight in and cultivation of the body and all its natural
+functions and a determination to keep them pure and beautiful, open and
+sane and free, will have to become a recognised part of national life.
+
+Possibly, and indeed probably, as the sentiment of common life and
+common interest grows, and the capacity for true companionship increases
+with the decrease of self-regarding anxiety, the importance of the
+mere sex-act will dwindle till it comes to be regarded as only one very
+specialised factor in the full total of human love. There is no doubt
+that with the full realisation of affectional union the need of actual
+bodily congress loses some of its urgency; and it is not difficult
+to see in our present-day social life that the want of the former is
+(according to the law of transmutation) one marked cause of the violence
+and extravagance of the lower passions. But however things may change
+with the further evolution of man, there is no doubt that first of all
+the sex-relation must be divested of the sentiment of uncleanness which
+surrounds it, and rehabilitated again with a sense almost of religious
+consecration; and this means, as I have said, a free people, proud in
+the mastery and the divinity of their own lives, and in the beauty and
+openness of their own bodies.
+
+Sex is the allegory of Love in the physical world. It is from this
+fact that it derives its immense power. The aim of Love is
+non-differentiation--absolute union of being; but absolute union can
+only be found at the centre of existence. Therefore whoever has truly
+found another has found not only that other, and with that other
+himself, but has found also a third--who dwells at the centre and holds
+the plastic material of the universe in the palm of his hand, and is a
+creator of sensible forms.
+
+Similarly the aim of sex is union and non-differentiation--but on the
+physical plane,--and in the moment when this union is accomplished
+creation takes place, and the generation (in the plastic material of the
+sex-elements) of sensible forms.
+
+In the animal and lower human world--and wherever the creature is
+incapable of realising the perfect love (which is indeed able to
+transform it into a god)--Nature in the purely physical instincts does
+the next best thing, that is, she effects a corporeal union and so
+generates another creature who by the very process of his generation
+shall be one step nearer to the universal soul and the realisation of
+the desired end. Nevertheless the moment the other love and all that
+goes with it is realised the natural sexual love has to fall into a
+secondary place--the lover must stand on his feet and not on his
+head--or else the most dire confusions ensue, and torments aeonian.
+
+Taking all together I think it may fairly be said that the prime object
+of Sex is _union_, the physical union as the allegory and expression of
+the real union, and that generation is a secondary object or result of
+this union. If we go to the lowest material expressions of Sex--as among
+the protozoic cells--we find that they, the cells, unite together, two
+into one; and that, as a result of the nutrition that ensues, this
+joint cell after a time (but not always) breaks up by fission into a
+number of progeny cells; or if on the other hand we go to the very
+highest expression of Sex, in the sentiment of Love, we find the latter
+takes the form chiefly and before all else of a desire for union, and
+only in lesser degree of a desire for race-propagation.
+
+I mention this because it probably makes a good deal of difference in
+our estimate of Sex whether the one function or the other is considered
+primary. There is perhaps a slight tendency among medical and other
+authorities to overlook the question of the important physical actions
+and reactions, and even corporeal modifications, which may ensue upon
+sexual intercourse between two people, and to fix their attention too
+exclusively upon their child-bearing function; but in truth it is
+probable, I think, from various considerations, that the spermatozoa
+pass through the tissues and affect the general body of the female, as
+well as that the male absorbs minutest cells _from_ the female; and that
+generally, even without the actual Sex-act, there is an interchange of
+vital and etherial elements--so that there is a kind of generation
+taking place _in each other_, as well as that more specialised
+generation which consists in the propagation of the race.
+
+At the last and taking it as a whole one has the same difficulty in
+dealing with the subject of Love which meets one at every turn in modern
+life--the monstrous separation of one part of our nature from another--
+the way in which--no doubt in the necessary course of evolution--we have
+cut ourselves in twain as it were, and assigned "right" and "wrong,"
+heaven and hell, spiritual and material, and other violent distinctions,
+to the separate portions. We have eaten of the Tree of Knowledge of good
+and evil with a vengeance! The Lord has indeed driven us out of Paradise
+into the domain of that "fabro vulcano" who with tremendous hammer-
+strokes must _hammer the knowledge of good and evil out of us again_. I
+feel that I owe an apology to the beautiful god for daring even for a
+moment to think of dissecting him soul from body, and for speaking as if
+these artificial distinctions were in any wise eternal. Will the man or
+woman, or race of men and women, never come, to whom love in its various
+manifestations shall be from the beginning a perfect whole, pure and
+natural, free and standing sanely on its feet?
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+"I analysed a flower, I pointed out to her the beauty of colouring, the
+gracefulness of shape, the tender shades, the difference between the
+parts composing the flowers. Gradually, I told her what these parts were
+called. I showed her the pollen, which clung like a beautiful golden
+powder to her little rosy fingers. I showed her through the microscope
+that this beautiful powder was composed of an infinite number of small
+grains. I made her examine the pistil more closely, and I showed her, at
+the end of the tube, the ovary, which I called a 'little house full of
+very tiny children.' I showed her the pollen glued to the pistil, and I
+told her, that when the pollen of one flower, carried away by the wind,
+or by the insects, fell on the pistil of another flower, the small
+grains died, and a tiny drop of moisture passed through the tube and
+entered into the little house where the very tiny children dwelt; that
+these tiny children were like small eggs, that in each small egg there
+was an almost invisible opening, through which a little of the small
+drop passed; that when this drop of pollen mixed with some other
+wonderful power in the ovary, that both joined together to give life,
+and the eggs developed and became grains or fruit. I have shown her
+flowers which had only a pistil and others which had only stamens. I
+said to her, smiling, that the pistils were like little mothers, and the
+stamens like little fathers of the fruit...... Thus I sowed in this
+innocent heart and searching mind the seeds of that delicate science,
+which degenerates into obscenity, if the mother, through false shame,
+leaves the instruction of her child to its schoolfellows. Let my little
+girl ask me, if she likes, the much dreaded question; I will only have
+to remind her of the botany lessons, simply adding, the same thing
+happens to human beings, with this difference, that what is done
+unconsciously by the plants, is done consciously by us; that in a
+properly arranged society one only unites one's self to the person one
+loves.'"--(Translated from "La Revendication des Droits Feminins,O
+Shafts, April 1894, p. 237.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sex = Love, by Edward Carpenter
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