initial commit of ebook 37326HEADmain

1 files changed, 1686 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/37326.txt b/37326.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb41b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/37326.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1686 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Turkish and Other Baths, by Gordon Stables
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Turkish and Other Baths
+       A Guide to Good Health and Longevity
+
+Author: Gordon Stables
+
+Illustrator: Messrs Allen
+
+Release Date: September 6, 2011 [EBook #37326]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TURKISH AND OTHER BATHS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
+
+
+
+
+Turkish and Other Baths
+A Guide to Good Health and Longevity
+By Gordon Stables
+Illustrations by Messrs Allen
+Published by Dean and Son, London.
+
+Turkish and Other Baths, by Gordon Stables.
+
+________________________________________________________________________
+
+________________________________________________________________________
+TURKISH AND OTHER BATHS, BY GORDON STABLES.
+
+PREFACE.
+
+No apology surely is needed for a work like this, and its preface need
+be but brief.  Small is the book, in size little more than a pamphlet;
+yet mayhap it contains hints that will not be thrown away on any reader,
+and may be invaluable to many who wish to secure health, long life and
+happiness.
+
+The Author.
+
+Christmas Morning, 1882.
+
+CHAPTER ONE.
+
+THE SKIN--ITS USES AND GREAT IMPORTANCE IN THE ANIMAL ECONOMY.
+
+Apart from any consideration of the bath as a remedial measure, in cases
+of disease, its importance as an agent for preserving the health, and
+granting to those who use it judiciously a reasonable hope of long life,
+cannot easily be over-estimated.  But in order to understand properly
+the beneficial action of baths on the system, we must have some little
+knowledge of the physiology of the skin.  Without such knowledge, all
+arguments that we could adduce in favour of the constant use of the bath
+in some shape or form, would be of the _post hoc propter hoc_ kind, and
+therefore of little value.
+
+What, then, we may ask, are the uses of the skin, for what ends has
+Nature designed it, and what is its _modus operandi_?  Briefly stated,
+the uses of the skin are as follows:--Firstly, it covers and protects
+from violence the surface of the whole body, and the various tender and
+sensitive parts that lie immediately beneath it; secondly, it is the
+organ of touch; thirdly, it is the great regulator of the heat of the
+body; fourthly, it performs the duties of a great emunctory, and by
+means of its millions of sudoriferous, or sweat glands, each with its
+efferent duct; it carries off and out of the body a vast quantity of
+effete matter, which, if retained in the blood, would poison it, and
+therefore unfit it for the healthful performance of its functions;
+fifthly, the skin acts as an absorbent; and, sixthly, it is to some
+extent an organ of respiration.
+
+The use of the skin as a protective covering to the body is apparent to
+every one, and we cannot help admiring its great and perfect
+adaptability for the purpose.  On the soles of the feet, and palms of
+the hands, it is thicker than in other places, being thereon subjected
+to more wear and tear; on the trunk of the body, and on the arms it is
+soft and smooth, and it is everywhere wonderfully elastic and pliable.
+Moreover, it is lined throughout with a base work of fat, which gives
+extra support and security to the muscles, and, wherever in the body
+protection from the results of pressure is needed, we find that this fat
+is deposited in actual cushions, as under the heels, under the balls of
+the toes, on the hips, etc.
+
+And here we may remark that, whenever the elasticity of the skin is
+impaired, as it is in the bodies of those who do not accustom themselves
+to the bath and perfect ablution, loathsome diseases are apt to be the
+result, which not only interfere with the actions of the skin itself,
+but lower the vitality of the whole system.
+
+The use of the skin as an organ of touch is equally apparent.  Being
+supplied with a most intricate network of blood vessels and nerves, the
+skin is all over a most sensitive organ, and thus serves to warn us in
+time of the approach of anything likely to be detrimental to our health.
+If we sit in a draught, the skin of the body chills almost at once; it
+begins to creep, as it were, warning us that it is time to move, time to
+seek shelter, or protect ourselves by an extra garment.  Some portions
+of the skin are far more sensitive than others; that of the eyelids, for
+instance, which is agitated by the slightest breath of air, or by a
+touch communicated to it by the least pressure on the eyelashes.
+
+By means of, or through, the medium of its vast number of sweat glands,
+the skin regulates the amount of heat in our bodies.  This is a function
+which is much more important than most people might at first imagine.
+The temperature of the body in health is about 99 degrees Fahrenheit, if
+it rises much above this--even a few degrees, indeed--or if it falls
+much below it, severe illness is indicated, danger is apparent, danger
+even to life itself.  An equable temperature of the body it is therefore
+evident is alone compatible with perfect health, but if it were not for
+the perspiratory system, when any extra strain is put upon the body, as
+by hard work, or hard exercise, heat would accumulate in the system, and
+the temperature of the body would be raised, to our discomfort,
+detriment, and danger.  But the pores of the skin are our safety valves;
+from exertion the blood is determined to the surface, the sweat glands
+are thus excited to increased action, and perspiration is thrown off in
+abundance, which, passing off in steam, carries with it--in obedience to
+a law too well known to need explanation--all the extra caloric.  In hot
+weather, a great deal of heat is thus expended through the skin; in cold
+weather the kidneys are more active, and they excrete the water which
+otherwise would have passed through the pores, and by storing it for a
+time in a reservoir designed for the purpose, conserve the heat of the
+system, and prevent lowering of the animal temperature.
+
+By means of these same sweat glands with their ducts or pores, an
+immense amount of effete matter is carried off from the body in the
+course of twenty-four hours, which, as already stated, if retained in
+the system, would tend to lower vitality by poisoning the blood.
+
+If the reader recollects that the lungs also perform a renovating
+function on the blood, and thus on the body, that oxygen is inhaled, and
+that air loaded with carbonic acid, water, etc, exhaled, he will readily
+understand how much assistance the respiratory organs receive from a
+healthy acting skin.
+
+Nor can the intelligent reader be unaware that the nutrient portion of
+the food we eat, after undergoing the process of digestion performed in
+the mouth--where it is masticated and mingled with the solvent saliva--
+in the stomach, where it is reduced by muscular action, and the gastric
+juices to the pulp called chyme--in the upper portions of the
+intestines--where it receives the secretions of liver and pancreas and
+becomes chyle, is collected by a series of absorbent vessels which unite
+at last to form the thoracic duct, or grand chyle canal, which empties
+itself of its valuable contents directly into one of the largest veins
+in the body, and is thus mingled with the general circulation.  He
+knows, too, that the pure life-giving arterial blood, which, rushing
+onwards from that mighty force-pump, the heart, is distributed to every
+atom of the system, returns at last laden with the used up particles of
+the tissues; that, in fact, a constant change is going on in the system,
+a constant deposit of new matter, a constant discharge of old.  And that
+the dark venous blood, containing the effete matter, rushes through the
+lungs, therein to be spread out, and chemically united to the oxygen of
+the air that we breathe, before it is again pumped out towards the
+tissues to supply them with heat and life.  But it must not be
+forgotten, that not the lungs only, but the kidneys, the liver, and the
+spleen have each and all of them their duties to perform towards the
+blood; and last, but not least, that the skin, when in a state of
+health, assists them in no small degree in performing their several
+functions.
+
+But there are other glands which receive assistance from the skin in the
+performance of their duties.  We refer to those distributed here and
+there in the frame-work of the body, notably in the axilla, the groin,
+and under the skin of the neck, and whose functions are to purify, in
+some way or other, the matter collected by a series of vessels called
+the lymphatics, before it is again applied to the purposes of nutrition.
+
+"The amount of fluid," says a well-known physiologist, "exhaled from the
+skin and lungs in twenty-four hours, averages about three or four
+pounds.  And there is good reason to think that this excretion is of the
+greatest importance in carrying off certain substances that would prove
+injurious if allowed to remain in the blood.
+
+"That which is called the Hydrophatic system, proceeds upon the plan of
+increasing the cutaneous exhalation to a very large amount; and there
+seems much evidence that certain deleterious matters, the presence of
+which in the blood gives rise to gout, rheumatism, etc, are drawn off
+from it more speedily and certainly in this way than in any other."
+
+If space permitted, the utility of the skin as one of the greatest
+emunctories of the system might be much enlarged upon; we trust,
+however, we have said quite enough to establish its importance in the
+animal economy.
+
+CHAPTER TWO.
+
+HOW TO MAINTAIN THE SKIN IN HEALTH.
+
+If the skin then, is an emunctory of so much consequence, as we have
+endeavoured to shew it to be, it stands to reason, that even the
+impartial performance of its functions, is incompatible with healthful
+existence.  One might go farther and boldly aver, that a person who is a
+stranger to the bath, is as much to be pitied as a being with only one
+lung; both may exist, neither live.
+
+On the other hand, it cannot be denied that there are thousands of men
+and women in these islands, who seem to enjoy a large share of robust
+health, and who possess what assurance companies would call, "good
+lives," but who never indulge in the luxury of either a bath or a
+bedroom tub.  But it will generally be found, that these people belong
+to the out-door working classes, who take abundant exercise in the open
+air, people whose pores are kept patent by the toil they undergo, and
+who, moreover, possess capacious lungs, substantial livers and healthy
+kidneys.  Nevertheless, did these same persons make a practice of
+constantly using some form of bath, they would throw far less strain
+upon their internal organs, their blood would be purer, and their minds
+consequently lighter, and they would stand far less chance of catching
+cold, and succumbing to inflammation of some vital part.  A person whose
+skin is not in easy working order, and who depends upon exertion and
+exercise alone, for keeping it up to the mark, must, if thrown on a bed
+of sickness, have a harder struggle for life than one whose skin is, in
+every sense of the word, a healthy one.
+
+Everything seems to point to the conclusion that the health of the skin
+is a matter of paramount importance to the individual, we cannot
+therefore be wrong if we devote this chapter to the consideration of the
+best means within our reach, of maintaining it in a sound and vigorous
+condition.
+
+So intimate is the connection between the skin and internal organs of
+the body, and so constantly and incessantly do they act and re-act on
+each other, that the state of the former may generally be taken as a key
+to the condition of the whole system.  If the skin be dry, harsh, hot or
+in any way possessed of an uncomfortable feeling, the general health is,
+for the time being, out of order, or if it be cold or rough and chilly,
+the health must be below par, even although that state of being should
+be but momentary.
+
+A feeling of warmth, comfort and geniality, pervades the skin of the man
+who is well; deprived of this feeling he is deprived of health, he is
+ill, acutely subacutely, or chronically ill.
+
+DIET:--The influence of diet on the skin is very great.
+
+This is a fact which should be borne in mind by all, but especially by
+those who are subject to any kind of skin complaint, or to gout or
+rheumatism.  The latter disease, from which so many people suffer
+periodically, is, with a good show of reason, believed to be caused by a
+superabundance of acid in the blood.  This acid is easily got rid of at
+most times, by means of the sensible and insensible perspiration; but
+if, through some error in diet, an irritable condition of the mucous
+membrane of the alimentary canal is produced, and a larger proportion of
+acid than usual is the result; and if at or about the same time
+something--a cold, or chill, for instance--interferes with the free
+action of the skin, it stands to reason that an attack of the old enemy,
+gout, or rheumatic gout will supervene, and the character of the attack
+will greatly depend on the condition of the patient's system at the
+time.  If he be full blooded and robust it may be acute or sub-acute.
+Thus it often happens that at the very time when a man of rheumatic
+diathesis is in finest form, he is suddenly laid prostrate by the return
+of his foe.  If, on the other hand, he be not of a full habit, the
+disease will be less violent in its nature, and this probably accounts
+for the fact, that men of spare habit are, as a rule, capable of
+weathering more rheumatic storms than men who have been cast in a larger
+mould.
+
+No medical man now-a-days thinks of prescribing for a patient without at
+the same time giving him advice as to what he should eat, drink, or
+avoid.  Some hundred years ago, physicians were, we may presume, not so
+skilled as we are now-a-days, but neither were they so apt to lose
+themselves in that labyrinth we may call _causae morborum_, and they
+never lost sight of the state of the stomach and bowels.  Indeed, the
+exhibition of aperients was often a kind of sheet anchor with them, with
+which they held on with determination when everything else failed them,
+and we can scarcely doubt that they were often right in doing so.  Nor
+is the belief so common with the illiterate, that if a man can eat and
+drink moderately well, there cannot be much the matter with him, so very
+erroneous after all.  Diet is of paramount importance with all of us,
+for the simplest reason possible.  Our blood is generated from the food
+we eat, and as the blood is, so will the system be, which it has to
+nourish.  No matter how clever a mania, or how rich, or how eminent, if
+he is guilty of errors in diet, he is but a golden calf with feet of
+clay.
+
+But he who lives judiciously in the matter of diet, possesses a truly
+marvellous advantage over his fellows who do not.  A man in health
+should begin the day early.  He ought to have his morning tub by
+half-past seven at the latest.  He ought to dress leisurely, and have,
+if possible, a five or ten minutes' walk in the open air, before he sits
+down to breakfast.
+
+Well-made tea is probably the best beverage for breakfast, and if
+between meals a man requires some refreshment, a cup of coffee or tea
+will be found more sustaining and less dangerous than either beer or
+wine.
+
+The breakfast maybe a moderately hearty one, and the dinner should be an
+early one, and nothing ought to be partaken of which is known to
+disagree.  Supper should be early and light, but not necessarily sloppy.
+Solid food is more likely to be quietly digested than slops.  A biscuit
+and glass of milk, or beer, may be partaken about half an hour before
+retiring, if it is found that sounder sleep is acquired by such
+indulgence.
+
+The errors in diet which should be avoided are:--First, eating too fast;
+second, taking stimulants of any kind to provoke an appetite; third, the
+use of rich sauces and peppers; fourth, eating too much; and fifth,
+partaking of too many varieties at one meal.  A man should eat with
+_regularity_ and _moderation_, and _frequently change his diet_.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DRINK.--Pure water is the best, but water that will not wash is unfit
+for drinking or making food, withal.  Cocoa, coffee, tea, and milk in
+moderation, and in summer whey and buttermilk are healthful drinks.
+Iced waters, cooling cups, and too many effervescing mixtures are to be
+avoided.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Regularity in the times of going to bed and getting up should be
+studied.
+
+PURE AIR.--One cannot have too much of this.  The air in rooms ought to
+be kept pure and sweet, and that of the bedroom moderately warm.
+Bedrooms ought to be large, and not overfilled with furniture,
+especially things likely to collect dust.  Curtains about beds do more
+harm than good.
+
+DRESS AND CLOTHING.--No more should be worn than is necessary to keep
+the surface of the body agreeably comfortable.  It should not be tight,
+and mackintoshes and goloshes are injurious to health.  Bed clothes
+should be light and warm.  People, as a rule, heap their beds with far
+too much clothing, and sleep is thus often banished.
+
+SLEEP.--Secure it by natural means; _never_, unless under medical
+advice, by taking draughts, or "night-caps."  Regularity in living,
+exercise, and the bath, are the best narcotics, but a pipe of mild
+tobacco last thing may often do good.
+
+EXERCISE.--Exercise, to be beneficial, should be pleasant, the mind
+should be free and happy.  Exercise does little or no good unless
+enjoyed, hence work is not exercise.  It should never be carried to the
+verge of fatigue, and if the under-clothing has been damped by
+perspiration, it ought to be changed before sitting or lying down.  As
+to under-clothing, no one over thirty, who values his health and life,
+should neglect to wear it in some form, wool is warmer than cotton, silk
+better than either.  The best form of exercise is that which maintains
+the largest number of muscles in play, and does not over-sweat the body,
+nor over-heat the head.  It ought to be varied, too, but whether it be
+walking, riding, driving, rowing, playing games, or those most
+exhilarating exercises bicycling and tricycling, it ought to be taken
+regularly, day after day, and we may add, all the year round.
+
+While taking exercise, the clothing ought to be as loose as possible, in
+order to permit of the full play of the muscles, and avoid dangerous
+contractions of the internal vital organs.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Note 1.  See, "Tea, the Drink of Pleasure and of Health," by same
+author, published by Messrs. Field and Tuer, Leadenhall Street.
+
+CHAPTER THREE.
+
+THE LUXURY OF THE TURKISH BATH--ITS USES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION--THE
+AILMENTS IT TENDS TO CURE.
+
+Next to the pleasure of enjoying an Anglo-Turkish bath oneself, _in
+propria persona_, is that of hearing some one dilate on its merits.
+
+And few who have ever tried it, will be found unwilling to expatiate
+freely on the topic of Turkish bathing; of its great and manifold
+advantages over all other systems of bathing, of the delights they
+experienced while _in_ the bath, and of the feelings of lightness and
+comfort, calmness of mind and positive happiness induced thereby.  This
+prince of baths would, we verily believe, change the dullest clodhopper
+to a wit for a time, and convert the prosiest old antiquarian into a
+poet.
+
+If it has such a transforming power on the brains of the by-no-means
+brilliant, is it any wonder that men of bright intellect like Sir
+Erasmus Wilson and David Urquhart, should write or talk so prettily
+about this, their favourite mode of bathing.  As a rule there is not
+much room for poetry in the medical profession, albeit Dr Jenner,
+carried away by a pardonable enthusiasm, described the vaccination
+pustule of the ninth day, with its crimson areola as "the pearl upon the
+rose."  Yet we cannot read the glowing and graphic description given by
+the great dermatologist, concerning his visit to the bath at Riverside,
+without wishing that he had marshalled his thoughts, for once in a way,
+in the splendid hexameters of a Longfellow.  A bath like that of Mr
+Urquhart's, from which one emerged with "the body shining like
+alabaster, fragrant as the cistus, sleek as satin and soft as velvet,"
+is surely worthy of the high honours of blank verse.  And this thermal
+paradise is sketched by Sir Erasmus in language as brilliant and
+beautiful, as any that ever the _other_ professor Wilson puts into the
+month of the bard of Ettrick, in his inimitable Noctes Ambrosianae.
+
+We must be forgiven, if we pick a plum or two from the description, and
+hand them round to our readers, there are plenty more on the tree which
+they may cull for themselves [Note 1].  At the door of the Frigidarium
+or cool room, the would-be bather loosens the latchets of his shoes, and
+leaves them behind the lintel; the portal opens and he enters.  This
+apartment though not large is sunny and bright.  It is a morning in
+early summer, and, through the glass doors, can be seen a balcony
+festooned with roses; beyond the parapet of the balcony are terraces of
+which the rose is still the favoured flower, while further on can be
+seen the rippling surface of a noisy stream, then meadows with grazing
+herds and flocks, and beyond these the wooded hill arching like an
+eyebrow around the bright spot in which as the apple of the eye,
+sparkles the bath.  By his side is a _dureta_ over against him a
+reclining chair, around the sides of the apartment are cushioned divans;
+books, and chibouques, and many a Turkish ornament are around, and the
+floor is spread with carpets of Persia, and the clean fresh mattings of
+India.
+
+Opposite the glass doors is an immense sheet of plate glass; through it
+are seen marble steps, and in the aqueous depths to which these steps
+descend, is the reflection of the morning sun.  Here he may court the
+rays of Phoebus, smiling through festoons of roses to visit the deepest
+pool of his bath.  Here he can swim while the sun glistens in the
+crystal drops that linger on his skin, or makes mimic rainbows in the
+spray that he dashes before him in his plunging revel.
+
+The author passes on through a door by the side of the immense barrier
+of glass.  This door closes behind him, then onwards through a second
+door to be greeted by a delightful atmosphere, and experience tells him
+that no place of terrestrial existence save _the_ bath can yield that
+warm, soft and balmy aether.  Two steps down and then a platform.  Two
+steps more, the heat increases, and he has reached the tropical line of
+the bath.  But the hottest room was enveloped in scarlet hangings, a
+fiery tent, where the temperature stood at from 240 to 250 degrees.
+
+On a divan at a later stage of the hath, under a less degree of heat, he
+spends many minutes of genuine enjoyment.  Just overhead is a plug to
+withdraw in order to admit a breath of fresh air if desired, and this
+delicious gush of ambrosial air comes to him, perfumed with the sweet
+breath of flowers over which it has been contrived that it shall pass.
+
+Then comes a deeper descent of four steps, with a still warm but lower
+temperature, where on the clear marble edge of the Lavatorina he seats
+himself, while his host plies the soft pad of _gazul_ over his head and
+back and sides.  Then basin after basin of warm water, rinses the gazul
+and the loosened epidermis from the surface, and he rises from the bath
+to recommence his observations, visiting in turn all the soft, the warm,
+the perfumed, the hot, the cool and the cold nooks he can find, and thus
+the time flies by and the breakfast hour draws near; but before he can
+quit the bath, it is necessary that the pores of the body, which all
+this time have been filtering the waste fluids of the body through their
+numberless apertures, should be made to close, and with this intent he
+descends into the marble pool or _piscina_, whose waters in summer are
+cooled with ice, and crouches under the tap, and lets the cold current
+encircle him, then a pail of hot water rushes on him like an avalanche,
+followed immediately by one of cold, and this is many times repeated.
+
+Upward now, to the Frigidarium, with a mantle round his shoulders after
+being rubbed down with soft Turkish towels, therein, reclined on a
+softly cushioned sofa, to enjoy half-an-hour's suggestive and
+instructive conversation, before going to breakfast with an appetite
+like--like a man.
+
+Sir Erasmus does not tell us how much he enjoyed that breakfast, but we
+can easily fancy that part of the performance.  We can easily believe,
+that his manly onslaught upon the viands set before him, would have been
+highly appreciated by Christopher North himself, with Tickler and the
+Shepherd "settling down to serious eating."
+
+But it is not merely as a luxury that, in this little work of ours, we
+venture to recommend the Anglo-Turkish bath to our readers although
+taken simply for the sake of enjoyment, a man never fails to cherish the
+memory of his first bath, as does a maiden that of her first ball.  But
+our recommendation has a far wider scope than this.  We look upon the
+bath as the best means mankind has:--
+
+ONE.--For maintaining the body in a state of perfect health.
+
+TWO.--For averting the many ailments incidental to life and--
+
+THREE.--For the cure of not a few diseases.
+
+Few there are in our own country, or probably in any other, who enjoy
+really good and robust health, constantly.  Apart from inherited
+illnesses, the wear and tear of life, end the worry that naturally
+attends the struggle for existence is very hard upon most of us, and if
+it were not for weekly periods of rest, the average span of our
+existence would be a much shorter one than it really is.  And, alas! as
+a rule, our periods of rest seem far too short, our one day's toil seems
+hardly well over, until another one begins, and thus our existences are
+fretted away.  To many amongst us life seems one long drawn-out
+weariness; from year's end to year's end the back must ache, and the
+temples throb, till the very heart grows "tired of its own sad beat, and
+yearns for rest."  But to live like this, or in any way akin to it, is
+not to be in a state of health.  If a man be really healthy, he is
+reasonably happy, if he does not feel reasonably happy, he is not in a
+condition of health.  In health there is a complete freedom from ache or
+pain, from bruise or blemish, from heat or cold; every joint is supple,
+every muscle capable of contraction and extension.  And the mind should
+feel as light and buoyant as the body, a healthy man should feel a
+pleasure in merely living, he should be capable of taking an interest in
+everything that goes on around him, in all he sees, in all he hears, in
+all he reads, and in all that concerns the well-being of his fellow
+creatures, and honest toil itself should be an enjoyment to him, and not
+a worry, not a penance.
+
+It is the custom in England, and a terribly wrong and fatal one it is,
+to fly to stimulants for the relief of temporary-exhaustion; that is, at
+the very time when our bodies are tired, and nature courts a brief rest,
+we dig in the spur, we wield the whip, and keep her at it invariably to
+her detriment.  The very fact that the amount of stimulant taken
+requires to be increased after a time proves how deleterious is this
+plan, the modest glass of sherry, or mildest ale, needs after a time to
+be replaced by fiery brandy or heart-corroding gin.  This last is
+putting an extra thong on the whip, and it is no wonder if, after a
+time, some important internal organ gives way, and one more is added to
+the list of incurable invalids.
+
+How much better would it be if tea and coffee took the place of
+dangerous stimulants, and the balance of health was sought to be
+retained by the daily use of the morning tub, and a bi-weekly indulgence
+in an Anglo-Turkish Bath.  It is not too much to hope for, and it
+certainly is not too much to pray for, that public baths upheld in a
+great measure by Government, may yet be one of the institutions of our
+beloved land.  What a blessing these would be to hard working men, and
+to the tired and weary among all classes.  I venture to predict, that if
+people were to make a habit of using the Turkish Bath, say on the
+Saturday afternoons only, gin palaces and dram saloons that now reek
+with filth and disease would lose many a customer.  Persons would find
+out that there was no real way consonant with the acknowledged rules of
+health and hygiene of banishing fatigue, of dispelling aches and pains,
+of calming the nervous system, and preparing the mind for the perfect
+enjoyment of that day of blessed rest called Sunday.
+
+As a prophylactic against innumerable diseases, we have recommended the
+use of the Anglo-Turkish Bath.  It is almost unnecessary to enlarge upon
+this head, but a word or two may not be thrown away.  Two, then, of the
+great _causae norborum_, or disease inducers in this country are cold
+and indigestion.  Now, so long as the skin is a healthy one, and in good
+working order, it is next to impossible for any one to catch cold
+through it, if he only takes care to clothe it not heavily but
+judiciously in warm woollens or light soft silks.  It stands to reason
+that an organ, an instrument or machine--call it what we may--which is
+perfect in workings, is not so easily thrown out of gear or out of order
+as one not so perfect.  We could fill a volume with cases of people who
+are constantly in the habit of using Baths, who can stand exposure to
+both cold and wet with but little inconvenience; and we also know a vast
+number of votaries of the Bath who do at times catch cold like other
+people, being probably constitutionally susceptible to its influence--
+but who get clear of their colds in quite a remarkably short time.  The
+reason undoubtedly is that they have the power to "throw them off," as
+the common saying is.
+
+Well, now, as to indigestion.  As the reader knows, the whole internal
+surface of the body is lined with a mucous membrane, which is analagous
+to the skin or external covering, and as the one is so will the other
+be; mucous indigestion, therefore, it may be clearly perceived is
+averted by the use of the Bath.  But indigestion may proceed from loss
+of nerve power, or from a badly acting liver or spleen, or from weakness
+of the heart, etc.  And the Bath strengthens and tones the nervous
+system far more than any tonic we wot of, moreover its constant use
+makes the work which the liver and spleen have to perform, mere play, so
+to speak; and if the Bath invigorates muscle--and we know it does--it
+must act as a roborant or tonic to the heart itself, which is composed
+for the most part of muscular tissues.
+
+Many people produce a species of irritable indigestion, by the use of
+stimulants, for this the Anglo-Turkish bath is an almost certain cure,
+as it relieves internal congestions, steadies the nerves and produces
+refreshing sleep.
+
+Many poisons are generated in the system, to which if free vent be not
+given by means of the pores of a healthily acting skin, mischief is sure
+sooner or later to arise, such mischief for instance as gout and
+rheumatism, to which reference has already been made.  But the condition
+of the kidneys is seldom or never studied by anyone and yet if they do
+not act sufficiently well to expel urea from the blood, a more or less
+injurious effect is caused upon the brain and nerve centres.  This the
+periodical use of the Anglo-Turkish bath, would tend to remove.
+
+We all know the demoralising effect that the first glass of spirits is
+said to have upon a man inclined to the abuse of intoxicants; it so
+affects his brain that he no longer knows, or he disregards right form
+wrong as far as his health is concerned.  But a similar demoralisation
+of brain tissue, may be produced by poisons positively generated in the
+system; at least this is our opinion.  Those, for example, who have been
+given to alcohol, often keep "steady" as they phrase it for a month or
+months, then suddenly or gradually, as the case may be, break out again.
+This is doubtless caused by the play of some accumulated
+system-propagated poison on the brain and nerves.  This poison may be
+urea, or it may be some acid, it matters not, it is in the blood and it
+ought to be eliminated and we earnestly advise those, who would be
+abstainers but who find it difficult to long remain so, to fly at once
+for relief to the hot-air bath, whenever the "_tempter_," as platform
+orators call it, seems to urge them to take once more to stimulants.
+
+We think it highly probable, that many inherited diseases such as
+consumption, scrofula, etc, may be kept at bay by the constant use of
+the bath under consideration, if only for the simple reason that the
+blood poisoning is thus constantly being driven off, before it has power
+to accumulate in quantities large enough to do mischief; not to mention
+the fact that the bath causes healthful activity of all the secretions.
+
+The diseases which the Turkish bath may be the means of curing or
+alleviating, are really too numerous to mention.  Among them may be
+enumerated gout, rheumatic gout, rheumatism, acute and chronic, colds
+and coughs, indigestion in some of its worst forms, bowel affections,
+piles, chronic liver and spleen ailments, kidney complaints, incipient
+delirium tremens, melancholy and depression of spirits, nervousness,
+irritability of temper, sleeplessness, _ennui_, the diseases of
+sedentary and also of fashionable life, adiposity, etc.  That condition
+of body and mind generally caused by indiscretion of some kind, and
+usually known by the expression "out of sorts," or "out of condition,"
+when weariness and depression are predominant, when sleep is unrest, and
+every duty of life is performed with a feeling of extreme irksomeness,
+and when the nerves seem given as a punishment, is almost invariably
+cured by a course of Turkish Bathing taken in conjunction with some
+nervine tonic, and an occasional well-chosen aperient.
+
+Diseases and debilities of the reproductive organs, are by the same
+means equally benefited, but in these cases galvanism in some form is
+often required to effect a complete cure.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Note 1.  See--"The Eastern Bath," published by Messrs. J. and A.
+Churchill, New Burlington Street.
+
+CHAPTER FOUR.
+
+THE TURKISH BATH: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE--THE PORTABLE TURKISH BATH.
+
+Let us now endeavour to explain the theory of the Turkish Bath, and the
+why and wherefore of the different operations the bather subjects
+himself to therein.  If he be a person who has bathed many times and
+oft, he steps across the threshold of the great natural Sanatorium with
+a light heart and a step as springy as though he were entering a
+ball-room, for well he knows that all his care and trouble whether
+mental or bodily, will melt away in the glorious atmosphere of the
+_calidarium_ or hot room, and that when he comes out again he will feel
+so new a man, that a giant refreshed would have no chance with him.
+
+He parts with his ticket or half-crown with pleasure, feeling in his
+inmost heart that he has the best of the bargain.  And so he enters his
+little sanctum and begins to undress.  He would fain hurry off his
+garments: he longs to be free but he remembers that everything ought to
+be done leisurely for his good.  But now the last article of apparel is
+laid carefully aside and he smiles to himself--a happy smile--as he dons
+the cummerbund, or cotton pyjamas, and issues forth to enter the
+calidarium.
+
+He will not have long remained here until beads of perspiration appear
+on chest and brow, and arms, gradually extending downwards until limbs
+and even feet are covered with a warm moisture.  A mouthful or two of
+cold water will cause the drops of perspiration to accumulate and
+increase in size, until uniting, they trickle "in burns"--as the Scotch
+call it, from the body.  He has very likely assumed a reclining position
+on a wooden cane-bottomed settee.  Here he may read if so minded, he
+will hardly care to talk, if he does he ought not to.  A strange dreamy
+kind of happiness steals over him, not wild exciting thoughts like those
+of the opium-eater.  No, his is now indeed the _dolce far niente_; he
+has eaten the lotus leaf, all worldly cares, if he has any, are for the
+time being forgotten, he even wonders that he permitted anything
+sublunary to worry him.
+
+And so the time passes all too quickly away.  Perhaps the attendant now
+warns him it is time to retire, or to enter even a hotter room in which
+he will stay a shorter time, then thence to the lavatory.  How pleasant
+the trickling of the warm shower bath, how delightful the soap shampoo,
+that removes every bit from top to toe of the unhealthy, or at least
+superfluous scarf skin.
+
+Every particle of impurity may be said to have exuded from the blood,
+which is now pure as the constitution of the bather can permit it to be,
+and every particle of impurity has been washed by shampooing from the
+outer surface.  The warm shower completes the cleansing.  But now the
+gaping pores must be made to contract, their fibres are relaxed they
+must be closed.  But however cold the water douche may be, by which this
+operation is performed, to the bather it seems most pleasant and
+delicious.
+
+Wrapped in a sheet from head to heel he once more passes through the
+calidarium, on his way to the cooling room.  He may linger here for a
+few moments if so minded but not for long, only just to restore a gentle
+warmth to the surface of the body.  In the cool room he will remain
+reclining and enwrapped in his sheet for about a quarter of an hour and
+probably the attendant will come and knead every muscle of the body
+getting back the lagging blood, if indeed it does lag, heart-wards and
+rendering the whole body as supple and pliant and elastic as life.
+
+Then to dress most slowly.  And while dressing, to leisurely imbibe a
+cup of warm, not hot, tea or coffee.
+
+When he emerges at last from the Sanatorium and goes bounding along the
+street, he--well he does not feel inclined to change places with anyone
+he meets, not even if the Lord Mayor's carriage rolls past him.
+
+We have thus stated briefly, the various operations a bather goes
+through in the ordinary Turkish bath of our towns and cities.  Leisurely
+undressing, especially necessary if there has previously been a brisk
+walk, (thus the heart has time to tone down ere subjected to the
+excitement of the calidarium) the repose in the hot room with frequent
+small draughts of cold water to encourage the flow of the perspiration,
+the gradual softening of the scarf skin and thorough opening of every
+pore, the warm shower and shampoo by which every obnoxious particle is
+removed from the outer surface as it has already been from the inner,
+the cold douche to contract the pores, and thus prevent subsequent
+danger from cold.  The gradual cooling down, the leisurely resumption of
+ordinary wearing apparel lest perspiration should again be induced, and
+last, but not least, the calm and comforting cup of coffee or tea.
+
+And after all what is this Turkish bathing?  Is it something so very
+new?  Nay, new in its processes probably, but it is but carrying out an
+old, old law, old as the days of Moses himself, the law of perfect
+cleanliness and perfect cleansing.
+
+We have visited a large number of the hydropathic establishments and
+Turkish bathing sanatoria, and there is much to be praised in all we
+have seen and little to be blamed.  Some are of course, far more
+luxuriantly fitted up than others, and these are the baths we prefer to
+visit.  Could we, however, have such a splendid thermal temple as that
+of Riverside attached to our own home, we would certainly never wander
+away from it to worship at another shrine.
+
+We ourselves may be over fastidious, but we think the following are
+among some of the drawbacks to the general run of Turkish bathing
+places.  They are usually in out of the way places, so that one is not
+always able to find the time to get there when he wants to.  The weekly
+expenditure incurred by taking a course of baths would certainly be a
+consideration with many; and on the other hand, there is a lack of
+privacy which renders such establishments distasteful as a rule.  But
+the benefits that accrue from a course of Turkish baths, depend in a
+great measure upon the regularity with which they are taken.  And it is
+this regularity which is often so difficult to keep up.  The Sanatorium
+is at a distance.  Something intervenes to prevent the intended visit,--
+business--a call from home in another direction--bad weather, or any one
+of fifty other things.  And so a visit comes to be omitted, or may be
+two, there is accordingly a hole in the hygienic ballad, a step or two
+wanting in the ladder that would have led upwards to health.
+
+It is some two or three years now since we first came to realise the
+fact, that one might enjoy the luxury and reap the benefits of a Turkish
+bath, without going a step beyond the confines of the bedroom and
+dressing-room.  We had received by the railway carrier a box.
+
+A box!  Whatever could it be, we wondered.  It was not the season for
+sending anything particular from the country.  Christmas was a long way
+ahead, and grouse shooting not begun.  We undid the outer covering and
+exposed it to view.  It was shaped liked a spirit-case, but it could not
+be that.  "That box may contain," we mused, as we gazed on it, "untold
+luxury in the shape of tea, or a new patent photographic apparatus, or a
+magic lantern, or an English concertina, or--yes--or--or--or a land
+torpedo sent by a Fenian, that will explode when we lift the lid, blow
+the roof off the house, and send us sailing away skywards, accompanied
+by the furniture and things."
+
+We clapped a cautious ear to the lid and listened.  There was no
+suspicious ticking audible within, so we summoned up courage and--opened
+the box, and lo! and behold, Allen's portable Turkish bath.
+
+Since then we have visited public baths but seldom.  We are content, for
+the portable bath as we use it, serves every useful purpose.
+
+As the Messrs. Allen have lent the blocks to embellish this chapter, it
+will be nothing more than courteous to let them describe it in their own
+way.
+
+Referring to (Plate One) they say:--
+
+"This illustrates our Apparatus as used under the chair, for giving a
+hot-air bath only, or hot-air and vapour combined, also for either a
+Medicated or Mercurial bath.
+
+"At the back of the top rail of chair is fixed a socket, with a set
+screw, a square rod slides up and down this socket, and a folding ring
+fits into the top of the rod.
+
+"By this arrangement the hoop for keeping the cloak extended, can be
+raised or lowered to be either level with the shoulders leaving the head
+exposed, or, if preferred, raised sufficient to cover the head.
+
+"The person about to take the bath puts the apparatus ready for use
+under the chair, and placing the cloak lightly over the hoop, sits down,
+slips the two ends of the hoop together, draws the cloak round, tying it
+down the front with the strings provided, and adjusting it round the
+neck, may take the bath comfortably from fifteen to forty minutes,
+according to inclination."
+
+But it is possible that the bather may prefer to recline while enjoying
+this calming and luxuriant bath.  This is easily done, and if the reader
+will glance at Plate Two, he will see the modus operandi.  Nothing could
+be more simple, nothing more effective.
+
+We are not, however, the first to have discovered the merits of Messrs.
+Allen's luxurious invention.  It is in general use now all over the
+country, and medical men are constantly in the habit of recommending the
+bath to their patients.  So also is the professional press, and among
+these such well-known Journals as "The London Medical Record"; "The
+Medical Times and Gazette"; "The Medical Examiner"; "The Medical Press
+and Circular"; "The Lancet"; and "The British Medical Journal" are loud
+in their praises of the apparatus.
+
+It will be especially observed by the intelligent reader that Allen's
+bath may be used entirely as a dry hot air bath, or as a mixed hot air
+and vapour bath.  Well, this in our opinion is a capital idea, because
+one can use it as either.  We, ourselves, perspire freely, and therefore
+use only the hot air, but as Sir Erasmus says: "The great purpose to be
+arrived at, so far as temperature is concerned, is to obtain one which
+shall be agreeable to the sensations."
+
+The following is what Messrs. Allen and Sons write me themselves
+concerning their bath:--
+
+"Our idea is, that the hot air and vapour bath combined is the truest
+approach to the Eastern Turkish bath, in which, after the bather has
+been in the heated room some little time, and begins to feel somewhat
+oppressed, they (the attendants) come round, sprinkle the heated floor
+with water; this produces a vapour, and it is almost immediately after
+this that the body begins to perspire freely, the vapour also relieves
+the breathing very much with some.  There are those who will not
+perspire in the hot-air bath at all, but do with the hot-air and vapour
+bath, which, mingling with the hot-air, produces a moist heat, softens
+the skin, and produces perspiration much more quickly."
+
+There is one advantage which the portable bath possesses over the
+regular sanatorium Turkish:--the head is not covered, it is not in the
+heated atmosphere, and therefore purer air can be breathed, although
+both face and scalp perspire as freely as any other part of the body.
+
+The head, however, may be covered if this is thought more pleasant.
+
+Dr L.E. Turner, it would seem believes in having the head exposed
+during the bath.
+
+"By the use of your bath," he says "the patients can breathe pure air
+uncontaminated by the foetid humours pouring forth from the seven
+millions of pores in your neighbour's skin as he sits by your side in
+the ordinary Turkish or Russian bath.  Besides there is no risk from
+over expansion of the pulmonary tissues of the lungs; as when people are
+compelled to breathe a heated atmosphere; nor risk from rupture of the
+delicate blood vessels of the brain.  There are many other advantages
+which tend to make me, and not only myself but all other professional
+men who have tried them, strong advocates for their use, in place of all
+other kinds of Turkish, Russian, or herbal baths."
+
+CHAPTER FIVE.
+
+THE TURKISH BATH--CONTINUED.  THE TRAVELLER'S BATH.
+
+In chapter third we enumerated briefly a few of the ailments likely to
+be either entirely removed, or, at all events, alleviated, by the use of
+the Turkish Bath.
+
+We think that Sir Erasmus Wilson mentions that terribly distressing
+ailment eczema among those which yield to the emollient and cleansing
+effects of the bath.
+
+Kidney ailments, and even dropsy itself, have succumbed to its power.
+
+"I have just," writes a medical man, "retired from the post of medical
+officer of H.M. Convict Prison at Portland, and my late Assistant
+Surgeon has kindly informed me how admirably it acts in kidney
+affections, and I am anxious to have one as soon as possible."
+
+The following are the words of Sir Erasmus Wilson himself:--
+
+"The bath is a preventative of disease, by hardening the individual
+against the effects of variations and vicissitudes of temperature, by
+giving him power to resist miasmatic and zymotic affections, and by
+strengthening his system against scrofula, consumption, gout,
+rheumatism; diseases of the digestive organs, cutaneous system, muscular
+system, including the heart; nervous system including the brain; and
+reproductive system."
+
+"The bath," he continues, "has the property of hardening and fortifying
+the skin, so as to render it almost insusceptible to the influence of
+the cold.  A Doctor of Divinity told me, that during the winter time he
+was scarcely ever free from cold, often so severe as to lay him up for
+several weeks, and that he also suffered from attacks of neuralgia; but
+that since he had adopted the use of the bath twice a week, all
+disposition to colds and neuralgia had ceased; and for the first time in
+sixteen years, he had passed the winter without a cold."
+
+Dr Wood writes as follows:--
+
+"Dr Wood had a severe trial case to use Messrs. Allen and Son's.  It
+was a case of heart disease and kidney affections where it was dangerous
+to give the patient a bath, or anything that would excite the
+circulation, and yet essential to have copious sweating.  The patient
+was delirious.  He has got well."
+
+A great sanitary authority, Dr Richardson, said the other evening at a
+public meeting, that if it were possible to attain perfect cleanliness
+of person and surroundings, disease would become an obsolete term.
+These are not the exact words, but they convey the sense.
+
+But independent of the use the bath may be put to, for the purpose of
+curing or alleviating disease, for thoroughly cleansing the body and
+sweetening the system, or simply as a luxury, there are at least two
+other uses to which it can be put.  It is a means of banishing fatigue,
+and also of producing refreshing sleep.  And this fact may be turned to
+good account on many occasions.  A person may have been out all day on
+the hill, or hunting, or he may have been on the river or lake rowing,
+or by its banks fishing.  He returns tired and weary, and very probably,
+wet.
+
+A wash and change of clothes, followed by a stimulant, are the usual
+remedies for such fatigues.  How much better is it both for the comfort
+and health if he can spare a short half-hour, and enjoy the advantageous
+comforts of the Turkish Bath.  Why, he feels double the individual
+afterwards, and if he is not all throughout the evening after as bright
+as a new florin, he must be a dullard at the very best, that is all.
+
+Well, but a person may be a mere guest at some country Squire's, how
+about his Turkish Bath then?  This is a difficulty that is easily
+overcome.  We have the Tourist's or Traveller's bath, handy, convenient,
+useful and cheap.
+
+This little contrivance will be of great benefit in dispelling the
+fatigue usually felt after a long journey in train or steamboat.  While
+out boating or touring in any way it will be found invaluable.  Indeed
+it is so small and compact that a tricyclist might easily take it in his
+bag.
+
+Plate Three represents the apparatus set up ready for use for a hot-air
+or vapour bath, to be placed under a chair, the body to be well
+enveloped in blankets.  The apparatus may also be used for boiling water
+for making tea and coffee, as well as for frying bacon, chop, steak, or
+cooking omelets, etc.
+
+The Turkish bath is a calmative to the nervous and the vascular systems,
+and therefore of great utility in cases of sleeplessness.  We advise
+those who are troubled with this disagreeable complaint to give it a
+fair trial.
+
+For female complaints, of nearly all kinds, unless especially forbidden
+by the family physician, this bath may be also used with marked benefit.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+We earnestly hope that this little guide of ours will fall into the
+hands of many sufferers, whose ailments are likely to be relieved, or
+banished entirely, by the regular use of this prince of baths; we cannot
+therefore do better, we believe, than finish this short chapter with
+some useful advice to those who may intend to give it a fair trial.
+
+But first, let us endeavour to dispel a phantom that stands at the
+threshold of every Turkish bathing establishment, and tries to prevent
+those who have never bathed before from entering.  We allude to the
+phantom fear.  This bogle stood at the doorway when we ourselves went to
+have our first Turkish bath.  "Oh!" he cried, "don't come in, don't come
+in, you'll catch your death of cold from the douche, don't come in,
+don't come in, I beseech you, I'm sure you have heart disease."
+
+"Bother!" was our curt reply.
+
+"Well," cried the bogle, extending his ghostly arms over his head, "_do_
+go and see a doctor first."  But we pushed the bogle boldly aside.  That
+bogle looked very small indeed as we strode out again, about an hour
+afterwards.
+
+Now, dear reader, the phantom will treat you precisely as it treats
+everyone else.  Are you to fear it?  That is a question which must be
+answered in no bantering mood.  We honestly believe that ninety-five
+people at least out of every hundred, can enter an ordinary Turkish
+bathing establishment and go through all the processes with perfect
+safety.
+
+Well, we will suppose that we are conversing in the consulting-room with
+some one who means to try the Turkish bath.  He will ask such questions
+as:--
+
+1.  When should I begin to take the bath?
+
+2.  How long should I stay in the heat?
+
+3.  How often should I take it?
+
+4.  What is the best time of the day to have the bath?
+
+5.  Can you give me some general instructions to guide me in using it.
+
+To question Number 1 we should reply: Begin to-morrow.
+
+Question Number 2: Until you are in a glorious perspiration, and all
+aches and pains, and all sense of weariness forgotten.  From a quarter
+of an hour to twenty minutes will be enough at first.
+
+Question Number 3: How often should you take it?  Once or twice a week,
+or even three times, or whenever required to banish ennui, fatigue,
+aches or pains, or incipient cold, or biliousness, or lassitude, etc,
+etc.
+
+To question 4, the reply is: The bath must not be taken on a full
+stomach, about three hours after a meal is the best time.  But those who
+dine about six or seven in the evening should take the bath before
+_dinner_.  People who are engaged all day, may with advantage use it
+either before retiring for the night, or after getting up in the
+morning, following it by the usual cold sponge.  If the cold bath is
+forbidden, then the best time is going to bed.
+
+Now comes your last question, (but let me here say parenthetically that
+we may be consulted about everything connected with the bath, and baths
+of all kinds, or about any ailment, chronic or otherwise, that bathing
+in some forms is likely to cure or alleviate.)
+
+What you want then, in order to enjoy the luxury of a bath in your own
+room, is first, one of the portable baths; secondly a shallow bath like
+the one here depicted; (Plate Four.)  Thirdly a good big sponge;
+fourthly, a small hand shower bath, cost I believe is 5 shillings from
+Messrs. Allen and Sons, (Plate Five); fifthly, a flesh brush; sixthly a
+piece of good soap (Pears' transparent tablet is by far and away the
+best, and really least expensive in the long run,--it is _so_ well made,
+and lasts so long); and seventhly, a few good rough towels.
+
+All being ready, you light your lamp and fix up the apparatus according
+to instructions given with every portable bath.  The shallow bath is to
+be half filled with nice hot water, all ready.  After you have perspired
+enough, turn out and turn into the shallow bath.  Here you are to lather
+and sponge, and use the flesh brush well.
+
+Next use the hand shower, or the sponge if you prefer it, filled with
+cold water, do not be afraid of this, it is life and luxury combined.
+Then to dry, and dress leisurely, to loll on the sofa for a while, and
+quietly sip your tea or coffee, while the fresh breeze from an open
+window is playing around you.  This is indeed enjoyment.
+
+People who use the bath for the purpose of gaining health and strength,
+should live temperately, both as regards eating and drinking, take
+abundant suitable exercise in the open air, and make use of some tonic,
+with now and then a gentle aperient.
+
+Both the tonic and aperient must be carefully chosen to suit individual
+idiosyncrasies and cases, but we have seen very much good indeed accrue
+from this conjunction of tonics, with mild and suitable aperients while
+taking a course of Turkish baths.
+
+CHAPTER SIX.
+
+ON THE USES OF THE VARIOUS MEDICATED BATHS.
+
+It will be as well for the generality of our readers, if we confine
+ourselves in this chapter to a brief consideration of those medicated
+baths only, which have been proved to be efficacious in the amelioration
+and cure of illnesses, whether chronic or acute.  We must preface our
+remarks, however, by stating that no course of baths is likely to be of
+the slightest avail to a sufferer, unless he first and foremost makes up
+his mind to adhere to certain rules of living, and endeavours to conform
+to the laws of health.
+
+Exercise must be taken in the open air, he must also be most careful to
+study his diet and his clothing, and to secure sound sleep by every
+natural means in his power, narcotics however being avoided as poisons
+(see pages 21, 22, and 23).
+
+Tonics, taken with judgment, assist a patient to recover strength, but
+they must be administered or prescribed by a medical man, who is
+acquainted with the symptoms and nature of the case.
+
+It is really surprising the amount of good that can be done by a
+well-regulated course of Turkish or other baths, combined with some
+carefully adapted plan of constitutional treatment and regulation in
+living.  If this were only more generally known, thousands would soon be
+enjoying all the blessings of health, who are now languishing on beds of
+sickness, or confined to warm and stifling rooms, instead of breathing
+the free fresh air of heaven.
+
+It would seem that Professor Lionel Beale is somewhat of the same
+opinion as ourselves, and he even goes somewhat further, for he
+deprecates foreign travel, or at least considers wandering abroad in
+search of health, is, in many cases, a needless expense.
+
+"If," writes this learned authority, "patients could be induced to
+retire to a pleasant part of the country where they would take moderate
+exercise, and be free from mental anxiety, meet with agreeable society,
+live regularly, take small doses of alkalies, and bathe themselves for
+an hour or two a day in warm water, in which some carbonate of soda has
+been dissolved, they would receive as much benefit as by travelling
+hundreds of miles away; and at much less trouble and expense."
+
+There is a great deal in these words _free from mental anxiety_.  It is
+to obtain this very needful aid to the cure of chronic complaints,
+especially those brought about by over-work or fast living, that we
+ourselves are in the habit of recommending to our patients a short sea
+voyage, such as that to America or Madeira and back.  But very great
+benefit results in numerous cases from a short residence at some of the
+innumerable hydropathic establishments, which, like small terrestrial
+paradises, are scattered here and there in our beautiful island home.
+Those actually sick may go there, as well as the languishing invalid or
+_the over-worked_ man of business, or worn-out pleasure hunter.  To
+those resorting to these sanatoria, we can confidently recommend a handy
+and useful invention, recently brought out by Messrs. Allen and Son
+(Plate Six).  It is a portable electric bell, the cords can be passed
+under or over the doors, from one room to another, and by this means the
+nurse or attendant can be called immediately and _quietly_ at any hour
+of the day or night.
+
+We do not mean here to say much about the mercurial bath, because it
+must only be used under medical advice, but while reminding the reader
+that there is provision made for this kind of bath in the portable
+Turkish bath (page 44) there is (see Plate Seven) a nice handy little
+apparatus which can be used for this purpose used for this purpose or
+any other kind of fumigatory bath which the physician considers it right
+to recommend.
+
+Some of the most efficacious medicated bath in common use are:--
+
+1.  THE BORAX BATH.--This is soothing and calmative in many irritable
+forms of skin disease.  It is made in the proportion of four ounces of
+borax and three of glycerine, to thirty gallons of hot water.
+
+2.  THE AMMONIA BATH, used as a skin stimulant and derivative.  The
+following is Mr Grantham's formula:--Two ounces of strong hartshorn in
+two gallons of water, used in a hip bath.  An excellent hip bath, very
+useful for people to whom stooping is objectionable is that made by the
+Messrs. Allen (Plate Eight).  One glance at the figure will show its
+many advantages, and we strongly recommend it.
+
+People who suffer from cutaneous eruptions ought to take skilled advice
+before using a course of baths, but the following sentences excerpted
+from E. Wilson's "Diseases of the Skin" may be read with profit by all.
+
+"Aqueous remedies," says the dermatologist, "present themselves in the
+form of simple water in its various states of cold, tepid, warm, hot and
+steam; water impregnated with saline matter as in the sea-bath, and
+saline solutions; in lotions, fomentations and poultices.  Water may be
+sedative, emollient, or stimulant, according to the manner in which it
+is employed.  As a tepid bath or fomentation it is sedative, and its
+sedative action is increased by the addition of various substances, such
+as oatmeal, starch, gelatine, and soda in small quantities.  It is
+emollient when used as a water dressing or in the condition of steam,
+and it is stimulant when cold or hot.  When hot it is the best means
+known of relieving pruritus (itching), and in its cold state it
+refreshes and gives vigour to the skin; hence, the morning bath, the
+sea-bath, and daily ablutions with soap.  On this principle it is that
+we advise daily cold ablutions with soap of the face in cases of acne
+(pimples), and to other parts of the body, particularly the _axilla_ and
+_perinaeum_ in chronic eczema or chronic pruritus.  Aqueous lotions of
+_liquor plumbi_ (sugar of lead) are refrigerant and sedative, while
+lotions of carbolic acid, sulphurate of _potash, acetate_ of _ammonia_,
+and _bicarbonate_ of _ammonia_ are anti-pruritic.  Warm fomentations are
+sedative and anodyne, and their properties are increased by the addition
+of poppy heads.  Poultices are emollient and sedative, but their
+protracted use, as of all aqueous applications, macerates and weakens
+the skin, and tends _to perpetuate_ the disease or cause boils.  As a
+rule, all aqueous applications except simple bathing, must be employed
+with great caution in skin diseases.  Saponaceous ablutions generally
+aggravate eczematous affections; but certain forms and stages of that
+disease are benefitted by their use."
+
+As a means of using the hip bath, whether medicated or otherwise, and
+for female complaints and irregularities, there is nothing to equal the
+bidet herewith figured (Plate Nine).
+
+3.  FOMENTATIONS are simply local baths and are used to relieve pain and
+reduce inflammation, as in the poppy head or laudanum fomentation to
+painful swellings, or the turpentine fomentation to redden the chest in
+severe colds.  The water must be very hot, and two pieces of flannel
+must be used, wrung from the water, time about.  These may be sprinkled
+with laudanum or turpentine as the case may demand.
+
+4.  THE MUSTARD FOOT-BATH is useful in cases of incipient colds,
+headaches, or languor and listlessness with restless nights.  A
+bucketful of hot water with a handful of mustard in it is all that is
+wanted; in this the legs are to be bathed for twenty minutes before
+going to bed.
+
+5.  THE OAK BATH is made by adding a pound of bruised oak bark to a
+quart of cold water and boiling for half an hour; the half of this maybe
+put in the morning tub as a tonic bath.
+
+6.  THE PINE BALSAM BATH is good in cases of rheumatism and great
+nervousness.  The balsam is a distillation front the leaves of pines,
+and is simply added to the bath.
+
+7.  THE ALKALINE BATH may be used twice or three times a week by gouty
+or rheumatic subjects.  Two ounces of the bicarbonate of soda are added
+to three gallons of warm water, and the bath is ready.
+
+8.  THE PEAT WATER Bath is a German invention, and seems to be of great
+value to sufferers from gout and rheumatism, swelling of the joints,
+congestion of the liver, etc.  Why the peat of this country should not
+be as efficacious as that from German bogs we fail to understand.
+
+9.  THE ELECTRIC BATH is a good deal used at seaside places, and often
+with advantage, especially in cases where the tone of the system has
+been much lowered.
+
+10.  THE VINEGAR SPONGE BATH consists of one part of vinegar to three of
+cold water, the body or hands and arms, feet and legs, are then sponged
+with it.
+
+11.  THE IRON BATH is sometimes used as a tonic, and is of considerable
+efficacy, especially to delicate females and children.  It is composed
+of half an ounce of sulphate of iron, in four gallons of cold or tepid
+water.
+
+12.  SULPHUR BATHS, CREASOTE BATHS, and NITRO-HYDROCHLORIC BATHS are all
+good in their way, but must only be used under medical advice.
+
+CHAPTER SEVEN.
+
+THE ORDINARY HOME BATHS--SEASIDE BATHING.
+
+The morning tub is a bath that people in ordinary health should take
+every morning.  It is not only invigorating but it so tones the skin and
+nerves as to render catching cold all but impossible.  A far better
+tonic for those who can bear it, is the shower bath.
+
+A cheaper sort of Shower Bath is that represented underneath.  (Plate
+NINE.)
+
+From a recent Magazine Article of ours, we cull the following hints
+which may be found of use.  In speaking of House Baths we say:--
+
+1.--Then you must consult your own feelings as to whether or not you
+ought to continue the bath through the livelong winter.  We should say,
+"Try to do so."
+
+2.--Let the first spongeful of cold water be applied to the head and
+shoulders and adown the spine.
+
+3.--If you feel too much exhausted in the morning for a cold bath, from
+having been up late, raise the temperature of the cold bath several
+degrees.
+
+4.--Be guided by your own feelings as to the temperature of hot and cold
+water.  From 32 to 60 degrees would be right for the cold bath, and
+about 90 degrees for the water in the basin.
+
+5--A cold bath may be taken with advantage when the body is heated, from
+whatever cause, so long as there is no exhaustion or fatigue; but never
+go into the water if there be the slightest feeling of chilliness, nor
+after a full meal.
+
+Plate Twelve represents a useful kind of bed bath which has been a
+source of comfort to many an invalid.  (All these baths are manufactured
+by Messrs. Allen and Son.)
+
+In bathing at home, after lathering the whole body with warm water and
+soap, a cold sponge bath containing a handful or two of either Tidman's
+or Brill's Sea Salt will be found very invigorating.
+
+We have before us a splendidly got up work entitled "Luxurious Bathing,"
+published by Messrs. Field and Tuer, Leadenhall Street, E.C.  The book
+is beyond praise, its well-executed etchings entitle it to a place on
+the drawing-room table, and its advice to those who value health, is
+simply invaluable.
+
+Those who suffer from weakness, or who dread the winter's cold, would do
+well to combine a course of bathing, with one of tonics and cod liver
+oil.  De Jongh's light brown is the only oil we ever use.
+
+Those who wish to regain health in a month, "by the sad sea waves,"
+cannot err by taking the following rules as a guide.  They are from a
+Magazine article of ours:--
+
+_Simple Rules for Seaside Enjoyment_.
+
+1.--Before leaving home, study your trains, pack trunks the day before,
+don't forget anything, and avoid hurry and excitement.
+
+2.--Look for rooms quietly, in a clean, quiet street or suburb, and see
+that the rooms are clean and airy.
+
+3.--Rise early every morning, soap down and tub from head to heel, eat a
+biscuit, and go for a walk.
+
+4.--Regular hours, regular exercise, regular meals, and regular medicine
+(if you need it).
+
+6.--Enjoy yourself all you can, but 'ware excitement and fatigue.
+
+6.--Strong men may bathe before breakfast, but the best average time is
+about three hours after breakfast.
+
+7.--Walk at a moderate pace to the bathing ground, so as to be neither
+too hot nor too cold, and undress as speedily as possible.
+
+8.--It is better to plunge at once into deep water; don't unless you can
+swim, however, but after bending down and laving the face and both arms,
+drop right underneath the first wavelet.
+
+9.--If you can swim, swim and nothing else; if you cannot, you can at
+least tumble about and keep moving, and also rub your limbs with the
+hands.
+
+10.--Come out before you have actually ceased to enjoy yourself.
+
+11.--It is better to have your own towel, one at least, and let it be
+moderately rough.
+
+12.--Rub your face, shoulders, limbs, and body, using moderate friction,
+and finish drying with a smoother towel.
+
+13.--When quite dry, dress, and it ought not to be at all necessary to
+dress quickly.
+
+11.--If faintness or sickness comes on, which must be looked upon as
+quite an accident, lie down for a few minutes.
+
+15.--After dressing, a brisk walk should be taken; and now a lunch
+biscuit will do you service.
+
+16.--Remember that the glow after the bath is the grand event to be
+looked for.
+
+17.--If instead of this glow a decided chill takes place, and is not
+removed by a brisk walk, a small drop of brandy taken along with a
+biscuit becomes a necessity, or for ladies a glass of some cordial.
+
+18.--If you are an invalid, try to forget it; if a Hercules or a Webb,
+forget that.
+
+19.--Don't forget flannel under-clothing if at all delicate.
+
+There are various other kinds of baths which we have not mentioned, but
+trust we have said enough to prove that the baths in some form--and more
+especially the Turkish--should be taken constantly by all who value good
+health and hope for longevity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Turkish and Other Baths, by Gordon Stables
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TURKISH AND OTHER BATHS ***
+
+***** This file should be named 37326.txt or 37326.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/3/2/37326/
+
+Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.