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diff --git a/37317-h/37317-h.htm b/37317-h/37317-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f2e010 --- /dev/null +++ b/37317-h/37317-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2171 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Geographic Variation in the Pocket + Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado, by Phillip M. Youngman. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; } +p { text-align: justify; margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .75em; } +h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { text-align: center; clear: both; } + +/* Line Breaks */ +hr { margin: 2em auto 2em auto; clear: both; } +hr.tb { width: 40%; } +hr.cb { width: 75%; } + +table { + border-spacing: 0px; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +th { font-weight:normal; padding: 5px; } + +.pagenum { + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.species { + text-indent: -2%; + margin-left: 12%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.descrip { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 5%; +} + +.biblio { + text-indent: -2.5em; + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.bb {border-bottom: solid 1px;} +.bl {border-left: solid 1px;} +.bt {border-top: solid 1px;} +.dbt {border-top: double 3px;} + +td { text-align: center; } + +.center {text-align: center;} +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} +.u {text-decoration: underline;} +.smaller {font-size: 80%;} + +.section {text-align: center; margin-top: 2em;} + +.caption {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%;} + +ul { list-style-type: none; } + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +/* Footnotes */ +.anchor { + vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: + none; +} + +a,img { border: none; text-decoration: none; } + +div.spacer { margin: 3em; } + +.tnote { width: 40em; + border: 1px dashed #808080; + background-color: #f6f6f6; + text-align: justify; + padding: 0.5em; + margin: 80px auto 80px auto; +} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, +Thomys bottae, in Colorado, by Phillip M. Youngman + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomys bottae, in Colorado + +Author: Phillip M. Youngman + +Release Date: September 5, 2011 [EBook #37317] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION--POCKET GOPHER *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Erica +Pfister-Altschul and the Online Distributed Proofreading +Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="spacer"></div> + + +<div> + <span class="pagenum invisible"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[pg 363]</a></span> +</div> + + + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History</span></h4> + +<h4>Volume 9, No. 12, pp 363-384, 7 figs, in text, 1 table<br /> +February 21, 1958</h4> + +<h1>Geographic Variation<br /> +in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae,<br /> +in Colorado</h1> + +<h2><small>BY</small><br /> +PHILLIP M. YOUNGMAN</h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas<br /> +Lawrence</span><br /> +1958</h4> + +<hr class="cb" /> + +<div> + <span class="pagenum invisible"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[pg 364]</a></span> +</div> + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, +Museum of Natural History</span></h4> + +<h4>Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,<br /> +Robert W. Wilson</h4> + +<h4>Volume 9, No. 12, pp. 363-384, 7 figs. in text, 1 table<br /> +Published February 21, 1958</h4> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</h4> + +<h5>PRINTED IN<br /> +THE STATE PRINTING PLANT<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1958</h5> + +<p class="center"> +<img src="images/ukp-logo.png" width="100" height="35" +alt="Allied Printing Trades Council Topeka" title="" /> +</p> + +<h5>27-1765</h5> + + +<div> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[pg 365]</a></span> +</div> + + +<hr class="cb" /> +<h2>Geographic Variation +in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, +in Colorado</h2> + +<h3>BY<br /> +PHILLIP M. YOUNGMAN</h3> + + +<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2> + + +<p>Two species of pocket gophers of the genus <i>Thomomys</i> (Family Geomyidae) +occur in Colorado, <i>Thomomys bottae</i> (see fig. 1) in the low valleys in +the south-central and southwestern parts of the state and <i>Thomomys +talpoides</i> mainly in the mountains and high valleys.</p> + +<p><i>Thomomys bottae</i> occurs primarily in the Piñon-juniper, +Ponderosa Pine, and Short Grass zones of Daubenmire (1943) but in some +localities is found in the Douglas Fir Zone. <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> +occupies primarily the Douglas Fir Zone and Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine +Spruce Zone but is found also in the Piñon-juniper and Short +Grass zones in some localities.</p> + +<p>The ranges of the two species do not overlap in the strict sense but +interdigitate in a parapatric type of distribution.</p> + +<p>Two other pocket gophers, <i>Geomys bursarius</i> and <i>Cratogeomys +castanops</i>, also occur in Colorado—in the Upper Sonoran Life-Zone. +<i>Geomys bursarius</i> occupies much of the Great Plains, whereas +<i>Cratogeomys castanops</i> is found only on the plains in the southeastern +part of the state.</p> + +<p>The objectives of the study, reported on here, were to learn the +geographic distribution of <i>Thomomys bottae</i> in Colorado, to find means +for recognizing the different subspecies, and to describe individual and +geographic variation.</p> + +<p>I am indebted to Mr. Sydney Anderson and Professor E. Raymond Hall for +many helpful suggestions and for their critical reading of the +manuscript, to Dr. Richard S. Miller, who made the collection of many of +the specimens possible, and to Dr. Richard M. Hansen for numerous +suggestions. I wish to express my appreciation also to the following for +the loan of specimens in their care: Alfred M. Bailey and A. A. Rogers, +Colorado Museum of Natural History, Denver, Colorado; David H. Johnson, +United States National Museum, Washington, D. C; Robert W. Lechleitner, +Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Robert Z. Brown, +Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado.</p> + +<div> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[pg 366]</a></span> +</div> + +<h2>METHODS</h2> + + +<p>Adults of approximately equal age were compared in the study of +geographic variation. Three criteria of adulthood are: (a) suture +obliterated between supraoccipital and exoccipital, (b) suture at least +partly obliterated between basisphenoid and basioccipital, (c) +supraorbital crests not widely separated and almost parallel. In males +the crests encroach on the lateral borders of the interparietal; in +females the crests approach the lateral borders of the interparietal but +are more widely separated than in males.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> + <a href="images/fig1-full.png"> + <img src="images/fig1-th.png" width="600" height="449" + alt="Figure 1" title="" /></a><br /> +</div> + +<div class="caption"> + <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> + Geographic distribution of + <i>Thomomys bottae</i> in southwestern Colorado.</p> + + <ul> + <li>1. <i>T. b. howelli</i></li> + <li>2. <i>T. b. aureus</i></li> + <li>3. <i>T. b. pervagus</i></li> + <li>4. <i>T. b. cultellus</i></li> + <li>5. <i>T. b. internatus</i></li> + <li>6. <i>T. b. rubidus</i></li> + </ul> +</div> + +<p>In studying geographic variation, greater emphasis was placed on females +than on males. As noted by Grinnell (1931:4), males vary more than females, +especially in length of rostrum and associated nasal measurements.</p> + +<p>Color terms are those of Munsell (1954). Color measurements were standardized +by the use of a single 100 watt General Electric blue daylight bulb in +a 12 inch white reflector suspended 24 inches above the specimen. All other +light was excluded. The individual hairs of <i>Thomomys bottae</i> are either bicolored +or tricolored. The darkness of a specimen often may be attributed to +the presence of dark-tipped hairs. The color given in the description is the +basic reddish or yellowish color of the hairs. The presence of a grizzled effect +or a dark dorsal stripe, or any other pattern resulting from dark hairs, is noted +in the remarks.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[pg 367]</a></span> +Specimens examined are listed by counties in the following order:</p> + +<ul> + <li>Mesa</li> + <li>Montrose</li> + <li>San Miguel</li> + <li>Dolores</li> + <li>Montezuma</li> + <li>La Plata</li> + <li>Archuleta</li> + <li>Conejos</li> + <li>Chaffee</li> + <li>Fremont</li> + <li>El Paso</li> + <li>Pueblo</li> + <li>Custer</li> + <li>Huerfano</li> + <li>Alamosa</li> + <li>Las Animas</li> +</ul> + +<p>Localities are listed from north to south within a county. If two localities +lie on the same line of latitude, the western precedes the eastern. Localities +omitted on the map in order to prevent overlapping of symbols are in Italics. +Unless otherwise indicated, specimens are in the University of Kansas, Museum +of Natural History. The following initials are used to designate specimens in +other collections:</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p>CSU—Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.</p> + + <p>CMNH—Colorado Museum of Natural History, Denver, Colorado.</p> + + <p>ERW—E. R. Warren Collection, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, + Colorado.</p> + + <p>USNM—United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.</p> +</div> + +<p>The following measurements of the skull are listed in the tables:</p> + +<p><i>Condylobasal length.</i>—The shortest distance between the anteriormost projections +of the premaxillaries and a line touching the posterior surfaces of the +exoccipital condyles.</p> + +<p><i>Length of nasals.</i>—The distance from the most anterior projection of the +nasal bones to the most posterior projection of a nasal bone.</p> + +<p><i>Zygomatic breadth.</i>—The greatest distance across the zygomatic arches, at +right angles to the long axis of the skull.</p> + +<p><i>Squamosal breadth.</i>—The greatest distance between the mastoidal processes +of the squamosal.</p> + +<p><i>Length of rostrum.</i>—The shortest distance from the shallow notch that lies +lateral to the hamulus of the lacrymal bone, to the tip of the nasal on the same +side of the skull.</p> + +<p><i>Breadth of rostrum.</i>—The greatest width of the rostrum, anterior to the +maxillae, transverse to the long axis of the skull.</p> + +<p><i>Alveolar length of upper maxillary tooth-row.</i>—Distance between the anterior +margin of the alveolus of the first cheek-tooth and the posterior margin +of the alveolus of the last upper cheek-tooth, on one side of the skull.</p> + +<p><i>Least interorbital breadth.</i>—The least distance across the frontal bones at the +interorbital constriction as seen in dorsal view.</p> + + + +<hr class="cb" /> +<h2>PHYSIOGRAPHY</h2> + + +<p><i>Thomomys bottae</i> occurs in the Colorado Plateau Province (terminology +of Fenneman, 1931), the Southern Rocky Mountain Province +and a small part of the Great Plains Province.</p> + +<p>The Colorado Plateau Province, in the southwestern part of the +state, is mostly above 5000 feet and is characterized by the great +number of canyons cut by rivers and streams in the nearly horizontal +strata. Prominent features of the landscape are cuestas, such as +Mesa Verde, and laccoliths, such as Ute Peak.</p> + +<p>The Southern Rocky Mountain Province consists mainly of high +granitic mountains running north and south, many of which extend +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[pg 368]</a></span> +to more than 14,000 feet above sea level. Included in this region +are several large basins, such as North Park and South Park and the +San Luis Valley. The San Juan Mountains, which separate the +Colorado Plateau Province from the San Luis Valley, and the Sangre +De Cristo and Wet mountains, which intervene between the San +Luis Valley and the Great Plains, importantly influence the distribution +of <i>Thomomys bottae</i>.</p> + +<p>The Great Plains Province is a broad highland that slopes gradually +eastward from the Rocky Mountains. Of importance to the +present study are two subdivisions of the Great Plains, the Colorado +Piedmont and the Raton Section.</p> + +<p>The Colorado Piedmont is a much dissected fluviatile plain, +roughly extending from the vicinity of the Arkansas River to the +northern boundary of the state. In general the topography of the +Colorado Piedmont is broadly rolling with greater relief than the +high plains to the east; however, buttes and steep bluffs occur locally.</p> + +<p>The Raton Section imperceptibly blends into the southern boundary +of the Colorado Piedmont and extends south into New Mexico +and Texas. A trenched peniplane of greater relief and altitude +than the Colorado Piedmont, it is characterized by high mesas, extensive +dissected lava-capped plateaus, deep canyons, and mountains +of volcanic origin.</p> + + + +<hr class="cb" /> +<h2>GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION</h2> + + +<p>Six subspecies of <i>Thomomys bottae</i> occur in Colorado. <i>T. b. +aureus</i> and <i>T. b. howelli</i> occupy the Colorado Plateau Province (see +fig. 1) and are characterized by a yellowish color; nasals posteriorly +truncate or rounded; posterior extensions of premaxillae long; basioccipital +wide; and interpterygoid space U-shaped with a median +spicule.</p> + +<p><i>T. b. internatus</i>, <i>T. b. cultellus</i>, and a new subspecies from the +vicinity of Cañon City described on page 376, inhabit the Sangre De +Cristo and Wet mountains in the Southern Rocky Mountain Province +and adjacent parts of the Colorado Piedmont and Raton Section +of the Great Plains Province (see fig. 1). This group of closely +related subspecies is characterized by reddish color; posterior margins +of nasals forming a V; posterior extensions of premaxillae short; +basioccipital narrow; and interpterygoid space V-shaped, lacking +a median spicule.</p> + +<p><i>T. b. pervagus</i> occupies part of the San Luis Valley to the west +of the Rio Grande (see fig. 1). In Colorado <i>T. b. pervagus</i> is iso +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[pg 369]</a></span>lated +from <i>T. b. internatus</i> and <i>T. b. cultellus</i> by the Sangre De +Cristo and Culebra ranges and is separated from <i>T. b. aureus</i> by the +San Juan Mountains. <i>T. b. pervagus</i> occupies an area geographically +intermediate between <i>T. b. aureus</i> to the west and <i>T. b. internatus</i> +and <i>T. b. cultellus</i> to the east and has some characters in common +with these subspecies. <i>T. b. pervagus</i> resembles <i>T. b. aureus</i> +in having long posterior extensions of the premaxillae and in sometimes +having rounded posterior margins of the nasals. <i>T. b. pervagus</i> +resembles <i>T. b. internatus</i> and <i>T. b. cultellus</i> in color, the +presence of a V-shaped interpterygoid space, and a narrow basioccipital. +Kelson (1951:69) has pointed out that in New Mexico the +separation of the ranges of <i>T. b. pervagus</i> and <i>T. b. cultellus</i> is +probably complete, but probably incomplete between <i>T. b. pervagus</i> +and <i>T. b. aureus</i>. Nevertheless, the similarities between <i>T. b. pervagus</i> +and <i>T. b. cultellus</i> and <i>T. b. internatus</i> suggest that <i>T. b. +pervagus</i> was originally derived from the more eastern stock.</p> + +<p><i>T. b. aureus</i> is a variable subspecies which, according to Durrant +(1952:211), intergrades with <i>T. b. howelli</i> in Utah. Specimens of +<i>T. b. aureus</i> showing the greatest amount of geographic variation +cranially are from the ecotone between the Piñon-juniper and Douglas +Fir zones at the edge of the range of the subspecies.</p> + +<p><i>T. b. howelli</i> is a markedly distinct subspecies that shows certain +similarities to <i>T. b. aureus</i>, but the degree of cranial difference from +<i>T. b. aureus</i> suggests an isolation of long duration, or a rapid evolution +from the parent stock.</p> + +<p><i>T. b. internatus</i> and <i>T. b. cultellus</i> probably intergrade east of the +Sangre De Cristo Range in the vicinity of the Colorado-New Mexico +boundary. The amount of intergradation is obscured by the great +amount of geographic variation occurring in <i>T. bottae</i> at the edge of +the plains and by the lack of specimens from this area.</p> + +<p><i>T. b. internatus</i> is a widespread subspecies showing its greatest +variation at the edge of the plains. This area is an ecotone between +the coniferous forest and the grassland and is by nature an area of +change owing to the alternation of wet and dry periods such as the +pluvial, interpluvial, and postpluvial periods. This seems to support +Durrant's observation (1952:496) that "the greatest range of +morphological variation is in animals from the least stable environments."</p> + +<p>Specimens from a small area north of the Arkansas River in the +vicinity of Cañon City (see fig. 1) differ sufficiently from <i>T. b. internatus</i> +to be given nominal recognition. High mountains and the +Arkansas River isolate the new subspecies found at Cañon City from +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[pg 370]</a></span> +populations of <i>T. b. internatus</i> to the west and south; however there +are no apparent geographic barriers between the newly named subspecies +and populations of <i>T. b. internatus</i> twelve miles to the +north or from the vicinity of Pueblo to the east. This new subspecies +is the most extreme of the variants occurring in the unstable +environment at the edge of the plains.</p> + + +<p class="section"><b>Thomomys bottae aureus</b> Allen</p> + +<div class="species"> + <p><i>Thomomys aureus</i> Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:49, April, 1893; + Warren, Colorado College Publ., 19:252, January, 1906; Warren, Colorado + College Publ., 33:77, January, 1908; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, + p. 79, 1910; Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:136, August 17, 1911.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys bottae aureus</i>, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 48:156, + October 31, 1935; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 158, 1942.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys apache</i> Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23:79, May 4, 1910. + Holotype from Lake La Jara, 7500 feet, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys perpallidus aureus</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:74, November 15, + 1915.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys perpallidus apache</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:75, November 15, + 1915.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys bottae apache</i>, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 48:157, + October 31, 1935; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 160, 1942.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys bottae optabilis</i> Goldman, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 26:116, + March 15, 1936. Holotype from Coventry, 6500 feet, Montrose County, + Colorado; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 159, 1942, part.</p> +</div> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Holotype.</i>—Adult female, skin and skull number 5243/4123, American Museum of + Natural History, obtained at Bluff City, San Juan County, Utah, May 12, 1892, + by Charles P. Rowley.</p> + + <p><i>Distribution.</i>—Colorado Plateau Province of southwestern Colorado (see fig. + 1), northwestern New Mexico, southeastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona.</p> + + <p><i>Distinctive characters.</i>—Size large (see measurements); usually pale in western + part of range, dark in eastern part; posterior extensions of premaxillae long, + wide, and deeply serrated; posterior margins of nasals truncate or slightly + rounded (see fig. 2); interpterygoid space U-shaped, with median spicule; basioccipital + wide; bullae well inflated, rounded ventrally.</p> + + <p><i>Comparisons.</i>—For comparisons with <i>T. b. howelli</i> + and <i>T. b. pervagus</i>, see accounts of those subspecies.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—<i>T. b. aureus</i> is a variable subspecies, which differs considerably +from <i>T. b. internatus</i>, <i>T. b. cultellus</i>, and <i>T. b. rubidus</i> +and includes several microgeographic races distinguishable to a +taxonomist specializing in the group. These slightly varying populations +are here not considered sufficiently distinct for nominal +recognition.</p> + +<p>Characters such as color of the pelage and conformation of the +bullae and zygomatic arches vary with the locality, and to some +extent vary among specimens from a single locality.</p> + +<p>The name <i>Thomomys bottae optabilis</i>, given to specimens from +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[pg 371]</a></span> +Coventry by Goldman (1936:116), is here placed in synonymy +under <i>T. b. aureus</i> Allen. The characters originally used to describe +<i>T. b. optabilis</i> are of the type that vary between populations only +a few miles apart, or often vary within a population. The skulls of +specimens from Coventry are not lighter in structure than those of +<i>T. b. aureus</i>. The premaxillae are not narrower, nor is the frontal +region narrower or more constricted than in <i>T. b. aureus</i>.</p> + +<p>The name <i>Thomomys bottae apache</i>, given to specimens from +Lake La Jara, New Mexico, by Bailey (1910:79), and later applied +to specimens from Colorado by Bailey (1915:75), is here also placed +in synonymy under <i>T. b. aureus</i>. Specimens from Lake La Jara, +New Mexico, and nearby localities in Colorado may be separated +from topotypes of <i>T. b. aureus</i> on the basis of color only. The topotypes +of <i>T. b. aureus</i> are mostly pale; some, however, are dark. The +number of pale specimens in any given series decreases gradually +in a clinal pattern from west to east. Since there is no noticeable +step in the cline and since all specimens show close cranial similarity, +it is felt that nominal recognition of the darker specimens +does not present a realistic picture of the relationships of the relatively +unisolated populations in the Colorado Plateau Province.</p> + +<p>Since <i>Thomomys bottae</i> in the Colorado Plateau Province is especially +plastic, varying from locality to locality, emphasis is here +placed on similarities that unite specimens from different localities. +The individual and microgeographic variations are outlined below.</p> + +<p>Specimens from Bedrock have zygomatic arches that are heavy +anteriorly. Specimens from Coventry are dorsally almost uniformly +Strong Brown (7.5YR 5/6) and lack a strong dorsal stripe. The +venters are Reddish Yellow (7.5YR 8/6). Specimens from 15 miles +west of Cortez are the palest specimens of <i>T. b. aureus</i> from Colorado, +and closely resemble topotypes. The basic color varies from +Reddish Yellow (7.5YR 7/6 and 6/6) to Strong Brown (7.5YR +5/6). Specimens are marked with a narrow dark dorsal stripe. +The venters are white. Specimens from Ute Peak and Cortez have +Reddish Yellow (7.5YR 6/6) flanks and are slightly darker dorsally. +Many specimens from Mesa Verde are indistinguishable from specimens +from Coventry and from Cortez. Others have dark diffuse +dorsal stripes. The venters are Pink (7.5YR 7/4) or Pinkish White +(7.5YR 8/2). Some specimens from the Mancos River have wide +dorsal stripes. Specimens from three miles west of Durango have +especially wide-spreading zygomatic arches posteriorly and have +wide black dorsal stripes. The venters are Pink (7.5YR 7/4). One +specimen from Florida is dark and grizzled and has a dark dorsal +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[pg 372]</a></span> +stripe. Another specimen is pale and has only a small dorsal stripe. +Specimens from 12 miles west of Pagosa Springs have thin rostra +and diffuse dorsal stripes. Specimens from Bondad have a V-shaped +interpterygoid space and in it a small median spicule. One specimen +is uniformly grizzled and lacks a dorsal stripe, giving an overall +effect of Dark Yellowish Brown (10YR 3/3). Another specimen +has Strong Brown (7.5YR 5/6) flanks and is only slightly darker +dorsally.</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 114. <i>Colorado</i>: Montrose + Co.: West Paradox Valley, 5 (CMNH); Bedrock, 5150 ft., 5 (ERW); + Coventry, 6800 ft., 14 (12 ERW, 2 USNM). San Miguel Co.: 19 mi. N Dove + Creek, 6100 ft., 1. Montezuma Co.: <i>Ashbaugh's Ranch (T.36N, R.18W) + 5350 ft.</i>, 5 (4 ERW, 1 USNM); 15 mi. W Cortez (Sec. 2, T.35N, R.19W), + 5400 ft., 8; Major Ranch, Cortez, 7 (CSU); <i>3 mi. SSW Cortez, 6400 + ft.</i>, 1; Ute Peak, 2 (CMNH); Four Corners, 1 (CMNH). Mesa Verde + National Park: Upper Well, Prater Canyon, 7575 ft., 1; <i>3/4 mi. S, + 1-3/4 mi. W Park Point, 8000 ft.</i>, 3; <i>1/4 mi. N Middle Well 7500 + ft.</i>, 1; <i>Sec. 27, Head of E Fork, Navaho Canyon, 7900 ft.</i>, 2; + <i>1-1/4 mi. S, 1-3/4 mi. W Park Point, 8000 ft.</i>, 1; <i>Middle Well, + Prater Canyon, 7500 ft.</i>, 9; <i>3 mi. N Rock Springs, 8200 ft.</i>, + 4; <i>1-1/2 mi. S, 2 mi. W Park Point, 8075 ft.</i>, 1; <i>2-1/2 mi. N, + 1/2 mi. W Rock Springs, 8100 ft.</i>, 3; <i>2 mi. N, 1/4 mi. W Rock + Springs, 7900 ft.</i>, 2; <i>1/2 mi. N Far View Ruins, 7825 ft.</i>, 1; + <i>Far View Ruins, 7700 ft.</i>, 1; <i>1 mi. NNW Rock Springs, 7500 + ft.</i>, 1; Rock Springs, 7400 ft., 1; Mancos River, 6200 ft., 9; + <i>Mesa Verde</i>, 1 (USNM). La Plata Co.: 1 mi. N La Plata, 1; 3 mi. W + Durango, 5; Florida, 6800 ft., 5; Bayfield, 1 (USNM); Bondad, 6 (CMNH); + Archuleta Co.: 12 mi. W Pagosa Springs, 6700 ft., 2; Arboles, 1 (USNM). + <i>New Mexico</i>: Rio Arriba Co.: La Jara Lake, 7500 ft., 2 + (USNM).</p> +</div> + + + + +<p class="section"><b>Thomomys bottae howelli</b> Goldman</p> + +<div class="species"> + <p><i>Thomomys bottae howelli</i> Goldman, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 26:116, + March 15, 1936; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 161, 1942.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys aureus</i>, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:136, August 17, 1911, part.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys perpallidus aureus</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:74, November 15, + 1915, part.</p> +</div> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Holotype.</i>—Adult female, skin and skull, number 75684, + United States National Museum, obtained by Arthur H. Howell at Grand + Junction, 4600 feet, Mesa County, Colorado, November 7, 1895.</p> + + <p><i>Distribution.</i>—Colorado Plateau Province of west-central + Colorado and east-central Utah, in the Colorado River Valley east of the + Green River (see fig. 1).</p> + + <p><i>Distinctive characters.</i>—Pale (Pinkish White 7.5YR 8/2); + cranium flattened; nasals short and wide; posterior tongues of + premaxillae long, thin, and attenuate (see fig. 3).</p> + + <p><i>Comparisons.</i>—Compared with <i>T. b. aureus</i>, <i>T. b. + howelli</i> differs as follows: paler; nasals shorter and wider; cranium + more flattened; posterior extensions of premaxillae longer, thinner, and + more acuminate.</p> +</div> + + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—<i>T. b. howelli</i> most closely resembles <i>T. b. aureus</i>; however, +since only one adult specimen of <i>T. b. howelli</i> is known, it is +impossible to appraise adequately its characters. Durrant (1952:211) +records intergradation between <i>T. b. howelli</i> and <i>T. b. osgoodi</i>, +and between <i>T. b. howelli</i> and <i>T. b. aureus</i> in Utah.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[pg 373]</a></span> +An attempt to collect specimens of <i>T. b. howelli</i>, in March, 1957, +by Richard S. Miller and the writer was unsuccessful.</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 2. Mesa Co.: Grand Junction, 4600 ft., 1 + (USNM); Sieber Ranch, Little Doloris River, 1 (ERW).</p> + </div> + + +<p class="section"><b>Thomomys bottae pervagus</b> Merriam</p> + +<div class="species"> + <p><i>Thomomys aureus pervagus</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 14:110, July 19, 1901; Cary, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:26, March + 27, 1907; Warren, Colorado College Publ., 33:77, January, 1908; Warren, + Mammals of Colorado, p. 79, 1910, part; Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:137, + August 17, 1911, part.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys bottae pervagus</i>, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 48:157, October 31, 1935.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys fulvus pervagus</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:82, + November 15, 1915.</p> +</div> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Holotype.</i>—Adult male, skin and skull, number 58293, + United States National Museum, Espanola, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, + obtained by J. Alden Loring, January 4, 1894.</p> + + <p><i>Distribution.</i>—Upper Rio Grande and San Luis valleys of + the Southern Rocky Mountains, in northern New Mexico and southern + Colorado (see fig. 1).</p> + + <p><i>Distinctive characters.</i>—Yellowish Red (5YR 4/6); size + large (see measurements); posterior tongues of premaxillae long, thin, + and acuminate; nasals long, thin, posterior margins usually forming a + wide V (see fig. 4); bullae rounded ventrally; interpterygoid space + V-shaped, lacking median spicule.</p> + + <p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>T. b. aureus</i>, <i>T. b. + pervagus</i> differs as follows: reddish, never yellowish or blackish; + posterior tongues of premaxillae thin and not deeply serrated; posterior + margins of nasals forming a shallow V; interpterygoid space V-shaped, + lacking a median spicule; basioccipital narrow. For comparisons with + <i>T. b. internatus</i>, <i>T. b. cultellus</i>, and <i>T. b. + rubidus</i>, see accounts of those subspecies.</p> +</div> + + + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—<i>T. b. pervagus</i> is a well-defined subspecies. There is +little variation between the topotypes and specimens from Colorado.</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 20. <i>Colorado</i>: Conejos + Co.: <i>Antonito</i>, 5 (USNM); <i>7 mi. E Antonito</i>, 2 (USNM); 12 + mi. E Antonito, 1 (USNM); Conejos River, 6 mi. W Antonito, 8300 ft., 2 + (USNM). <i>New Mexico</i>: Rio Arriba Co.: Espanola, 10 + (USNM).</p> +</div> + + +<p class="section"><b>Thomomys bottae internatus</b> Goldman</p> + +<div class="species"> + <p><i>Thomomys bottae internatus</i> Goldman, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 26:115, + March 15, 1936; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 160, 1942; Kelson, + Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:63, October 1, 1951.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys aureus pervagus</i>, Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 80, 1910, + part; Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:137, August 17, 1911, part.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys fulvus pervagus</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:82, November 15, + 1915, part.</p> +</div> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Holotype.</i>—Adult male, skin and skull, number 150997, + United States National Museum, obtained at Salida, 7000 feet, Chaffee + County, Colorado, by Merritt Cary, November 10, 1907.</p> + + <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[pg 374]</a></span> + <i>Distribution.</i>—Southern Rocky Mountain Province; + southwestern part of the Colorado Piedmont, and Raton Section of the + Great Plains, to the east of the Sangre De Cristo Range (see fig. + 1).</p> + + <p><i>Distinctive characters.</i>—Yellowish Red (5YR 5/6.5); size + medium (see measurements); posterior tongues of premaxillae short; + posterior margins of nasals forming a V (see fig. 6); bullae pointed + ventrally; interpterygoid space V-shaped, lacking a median spicule; + basioccipital narrow.</p> + + <p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>T. b. pervagus</i>, topotypes of + <i>T. b. internatus</i> differ as follows: uniformly paler, not so + reddish; smaller; skull smaller; posterior tongues of premaxillae + shorter; bullae smaller, less inflated, and more pointed ventrally; + zygomata less angular.</p> + + <p>For comparisons with <i>T. b. cultellus</i> and <i>T. b. rubidus</i>, + see accounts of those subspecies.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The dividing line between <i>T. b. internatus</i> and <i>T. b. +cultellus</i> is drawn arbitrarily since only one specimen has been collected +between La Veta Pass and the border of New Mexico.</p> + +<p>When Goldman (1936:115) named <i>T. b. internatus</i> he included +specimens from Union and Colfax counties, New Mexico, and specimens +from Gardner, Colorado (not Garfield as stated by Kelson, +1951:66). The specimens from New Mexico and a specimen from +Fishers Peak, Colorado, were subsequently assigned to <i>T. b. cultellus</i> +by Kelson (<i>loc. cit.</i>).</p> + +<p>The specimen from Fishers Peak shows some characters that +might be interpreted as intermediate between <i>internatus</i> and <i>cultellus</i>, +but shows also some unique characters that can be understood +only by further collecting in the regions north and northeast of the +type locality of <i>T. b. cultellus</i>.</p> + +<p>Variation is slight in the large series of topotypes of <i>T. b. internatus</i>. +Specimens from other localities in the western part of the +range differ little from the topotypes. Specimens from one mile +west of Coaldale have slightly more inflated bullae that are more +flattened ventrally. Specimens from five miles south of Cotopaxi +also have the bullae more flattened ventrally.</p> + +<p>Specimens from localities bordering the plains differ from the +topotypes and near topotypes, and in general show greater variation +from locality to locality. Specimens from 12 miles north of +Cañon City are dark, resembling <i>T. b. rubidus</i>, but cranially agree +with specimens from near Colorado Springs in being indistinguishable +from specimens from Salida. Specimens from St. Charles Mesa +and Bear Creek near Walsenburg differ from the topotypes in having +wider rostra. The specimens from St. Charles Mesa have more +inflated bullae.</p> + +<div> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[pg 375]</a></span> +</div> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 93. Chaffee Co.: 2 mi. NNW + Salida, 7100 ft., 3; <i>Salida</i>, 28 (20 ERW, 8 USNM). Fremont Co.: 12 + mi. N Cañon City, 5; 1 mi. W Coaldale, 8; <i>Cotopaxi</i>, 1 + (CSU); <i>5 mi. S Cotopaxi</i>, 12. El Paso Co.: 1-1/4 mi. S Colorado + Springs, 2; <i>9 mi. SSW Colorado Springs</i>, 2; <i>17 mi. S Colorado + Springs</i>, 1. Custer Co.: 2-1/2 mi. S Wetmore, 3; Santa Fe Drive and + 20th Lane, Blende, 1; St. Charles Mesa, 5600 ft., 2 (CSU); Fork of + Huerfano and Cucharas rivers, 2 (CMNH). Huerfano Co.: 11 mi. WNW + Gardner, 7000 ft., 3; Gardner, 7000 ft., 2 (USNM); 1-1/2 mi. S Redwing, + 3; Bear Creek, near Walsenburg, 2 (CSU); 1 mi. E La Veta, 8; 5 mi. SE La + Veta, 2.</p> +</div> + + +<p class="section"><b>Thomomys bottae cultellus</b> Kelson</p> + +<div class="species"> + <p><i>Thomomys bottae cultellus</i> Kelson, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:64, + October 1, 1951.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys fulvus</i>, Cary, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:26, March 27, + 1907; Warren, Colorado College Publ., 33:76, January, 1908; Warren, + Mammals of Colorado, p. 80, 1910.</p> + + <p><i>Thomomys fulvus fulvus</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:80, November 15, + 1915.</p> +</div> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Holotype.</i>—Adult male, skin and skull, number 70919, + United States National Museum, Halls Peak, Mora County, New Mexico; + January 13, 1895, obtained by C. Barber.</p> + + <p><i>Distribution.</i>—Raton Section of the Great Plains in + northern New Mexico and extreme southern Colorado (see fig. 1).</p> + + <p><i>Distinctive characters.</i>—Dark (topotypes); size medium + (see measurements); posterior tongues of premaxillae short; posterior + margins of nasals forming a V (see fig. 5).</p> + + <p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>T. b. pervagus</i>, topotypes of + <i>T. b. cultellus</i> differ as follows: darker, not so reddish; + smaller; skull smaller; zygomatic arches relatively longer; bullae + proportionately smaller and less inflated; basioccipital proportionately + wider; posterior tongues of premaxillae shorter.</p> + + <p>Topotypes of <i>T. b. cultellus</i> most closely resemble those of + <i>T. b. internatus</i> but differ as follows: darker; zygomatic arches + more widely spreading, not so nearly parallel; nasals not so wide; + bullae slightly more inflated.</p> + + <p>For a comparison with <i>T. b. rubidus</i> see the account of that + subspecies.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Kelson (1951:64) named <i>T. b. cultellus</i> on the basis +of six dark specimens (Dark Reddish Brown 5YR 3/4 and 2/2). +Nowhere else within the range of this subspecies, as defined by +Kelson, do any specimens resemble the topotypes in color.</p> + +<p>After comparing topotypes of <i>T. b. cultellus</i> with topotypes of +<i>T. b. internatus</i> of approximately equal age, I disagree with Kelson +(<i>loc. cit.</i>) on some of the characters which he used to separate +<i>cultellus</i> from <i>internatus</i>. My findings indicate that <i>T. b. cultellus</i> +is not smaller, that its skull is not smaller and not less angular, and +that the tympanic bullae are not less pointed ventrally. Further +collecting is needed better to limit and diagnose this subspecies.</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 13. <i>Colorado</i>: Las + Animas Co.: Fishers Peak, about 8000 ft., 1 (USNM). <i>New Mexico</i>: + Union Co.: Near Folsom, 4 <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" + id="Page_376">[pg 376]</a></span> (CMNH); Colfax Co.: Philmont Ranch, + Cimarroncito, 8100 ft., 2. Mora Co.: Halls Peak, 6 (USNM).</p> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/fig2-full.png"> + <img src="images/fig2-th.png" width="528" height="600" + alt="Figures 2-7" title="" /></a> +</div> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figs. 2-7.</span> +Dorsal views of skulls of +<i>Thomomys bottae</i>. × 1.</p> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span> +<i>Thomomys b. aureus</i>, 3 mi. W Durango, La Plata Co., +Colorado. No. 72967, ♀.</p> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span> +<i>Thomomys b. howelli</i>, holotype, Grand Junction, 4600 ft., +Mesa Co., Colorado. No. 75684 USNM, ♀.</p> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span> +<i>Thomomys b. pervagus</i>, Espanola, 5000 ft., Rio Arriba Co., +New Mexico. No. 133614 USNM, ♀.</p> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 5.</span> +<i>Thomomys b. cultellus</i>, Fishers Peak, 8000 ft., Las Animas +Co., Colorado. No. 129285 USNM, ♀.</p> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 6.</span> +<i>Thomomys b. internatus</i>, Salida, 7050 ft., Chaffee Co., +Colorado. No. 2757 ERW, ♀.</p> + +<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 7.</span> +<i>Thomomys b. rubidus</i>, holotype, 2-9/10 mi. E Cañon City, +Fremont Co., Colorado. No. 72954, ♀.</p> + + +<p class="section"><b>Thomomys bottae rubidus</b> new subspecies</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Holotype.</i>—Adult female, skin and skull, number 72954, + Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, trapped by Richard S. + Miller and Phillip M. Youngman, original number 253 (PMY), 2-9/10 miles + east of Cañon City, 5344 feet, Fremont County, Colorado, March + 17, 1957.</p> + + <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[pg 377]</a></span> + <i>Distribution.</i>—Known only from Garden Park in Cañon + City and from the type locality (see fig. 1).</p> + + <p><i>Distinctive characters.</i>—Dark (Reddish Brown 5YR 3/3); + size large (see measurements); skull large; rostrum wide; zygomatic + arches rounded and broadly spreading (see fig. 7); alveolar length of + upper maxillary tooth-row small.</p> + + <p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From topotypes of <i>T. b. internatus</i>, + <i>T. b. rubidus</i> differs as follows: uniformly darker; skull + averages larger in all measurements, except alveolar length of upper + maxillary tooth-row, which is smaller; rostrum proportionately wider and + tapered anteriorly; zygomatic arches more rounded; bullae more rounded + in lateral view.</p> + + <p>Specimens of <i>T. b. rubidus</i> differ from topotypes of <i>T. b. + pervagus</i> in darker color; rostrum wider posteriorly; posterior + extensions of premaxillae shorter; bullae smaller, proportionately more + inflated posteriorly; zygomatic arches more rounded; wider across + squamosals; alveolar length of upper maxillary tooth-row greater.</p> + + <p>From topotypes of <i>T. b. cultellus</i>, <i>T. b. rubidus</i> + differs as follows: paler; larger in all measurements taken; rostrum + proportionately wider; zygomatic arches more rounded, less angular; + angle formed by zygomatic arch and rostrum greater; bullae + proportionately smaller, not so pointed anteriorly; alveolar length of + upper maxillary tooth-row shorter.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The range of <i>T. b. rubidus</i> is surrounded by the range +of <i>T. b. internatus</i>; nevertheless, intergradation has not been found. +For a discussion of the geographic relation of <i>T. b. rubidus</i> to <i>T. b. +internatus</i> see page 374.</p> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 7. Fremont Co.: Garden Park, Cañon City, + 5344 ft., 1; <i>2-9/10 mi. E Cañon City, 5344 ft.</i>, 6.</p> +</div> + + +<hr class="cb" /> +<h2>SUMMARY</h2> + + +<p>A study of 249 specimens of <i>Thomomys bottae</i> from Colorado reveals +six subspecies in the state. <i>T. b. aureus</i> and <i>T. b. howelli</i> +occupy the Colorado Plateau Region in the western and southwestern +parts of the state. <i>T. b. internatus</i>, <i>T. b. cultellus</i>, <i>T. b. pervagus</i>, +and the newly named <i>T. b. rubidus</i> occupy part of the Southern +Rocky Mountain Region and a narrow strip of the Great Plains.</p> + +<p>The greatest amount of geographic variation, in <i>Thomomys bottae</i> +in Colorado, occurs in the ecotone between the grassland and coniferous +forest at the edge of the Great Plains, and in the ecotone +between the Piñon, juniper, and sage of the Colorado Plateau and +the Coniferous forest of the southern Rocky mountains.</p> + +<div> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[pg 378]</a></span> +</div> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Table 1. Measurements, +in Millimeters, of Thomomys bottae</span></p> + +<p class="center">Unless otherwise noted, specimens are adults +from Colorado</p> + +<table> + <tr> + <th class="dbt smaller">Sex</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Catalog number or number of individuals averaged</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Total length</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Tail</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Hind foot</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Condylobasal length</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Nasal length</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Zygomatic breadth</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Squamosal breadth</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Length of rostrum</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Breadth of rostrum</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Alveolar length of upper max. tooth-row</th> + <th class="dbt smaller bl">Least interorbital breadth</th> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <i>Thomomys bottae howelli</i>, holotype</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">75684<a href="#FN_1" class="anchor">[1]</a> +<br /><a href="#FN_s">sad.</a></td> + <td class="bl">219</td> + <td class="bl">71</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">37.3</td> <td class="bl">11.1</td> + <td class="bl">23.7</td> <td class="bl">20.0</td> + <td class="bl">14.5</td> <td class="bl">8.5</td> + <td class="bl">7.7</td> <td class="bl">6.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <i>Thomomys bottae aureus</i>, Bedrock</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">2982<a href="#FN_2" class="anchor">[2]</a></td> + <td class="bl">217</td> + <td class="bl">59</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">40.4</td> <td class="bl">13.8</td> + <td class="bl">24.3</td> <td class="bl">20.6</td> + <td class="bl">16.7</td> <td class="bl">8.6</td> + <td class="bl">9.2</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">3013<a href="#FN_2" class="anchor">[2]</a></td> + <td class="bl">210</td> + <td class="bl">60</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">38.7</td> <td class="bl">13.0</td> + <td class="bl">24.4</td> <td class="bl">20.4</td> + <td class="bl">15.7</td> <td class="bl">8.1</td> + <td class="bl">8.9</td> <td class="bl">7.0</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">2997<a href="#FN_2" class="anchor">[2]</a></td> + <td class="bl">242</td> + <td class="bl">73</td> <td class="bl">33</td> + <td class="bl">44.7</td> <td class="bl">15.4</td> + <td class="bl">28.4</td> <td class="bl">22.8</td> + <td class="bl">15.7</td> <td class="bl">10.1</td> + <td class="bl">9.0</td> <td class="bl">7.2</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + Coventry</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">6 av.</td> <td class="bl">222</td> + <td class="bl">61</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">39.0</td> <td class="bl">12.1</td> + <td class="bl">25.4</td> <td class="bl">20.3</td> + <td class="bl">15.2</td> <td class="bl">7.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.2</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">229</td> + <td class="bl">63</td> <td class="bl">33</td> + <td class="bl">40.0</td> <td class="bl">12.8</td> + <td class="bl">25.8</td> <td class="bl">20.6</td> + <td class="bl">15.6</td> <td class="bl">8.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.5</td> <td class="bl">7.0</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">217</td> + <td class="bl">58</td> <td class="bl">30</td> + <td class="bl">38.3</td> <td class="bl">11.4</td> + <td class="bl">25.0</td> <td class="bl">19.3</td> + <td class="bl">14.7</td> <td class="bl">7.5</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">3 av.</td> <td class="bl">259</td> + <td class="bl">70</td> <td class="bl">35</td> + <td class="bl">46.5</td> <td class="bl">15.0</td> + <td class="bl">29.3</td> <td class="bl">22.7</td> + <td class="bl">17.8</td> <td class="bl">9.2</td> + <td class="bl">9 5</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">270</td> + <td class="bl">76</td> <td class="bl">36</td> + <td class="bl">48.3</td> <td class="bl">16.0</td> + <td class="bl">31.9</td> <td class="bl">23.7</td> + <td class="bl">18.0</td> <td class="bl">9.3</td> + <td class="bl">9.6</td> <td class="bl">6.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">250</td> + <td class="bl">65</td> <td class="bl">35</td> + <td class="bl">45.5</td> <td class="bl">14.4</td> + <td class="bl">27.6</td> <td class="bl">22.2</td> + <td class="bl">17.6</td> <td class="bl">9.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[pg 379]</a></span> + Ashbaugh's Ranch and 15 mi. W Cortez</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">7 av.</td> <td class="bl">225</td> + <td class="bl">67</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">39.0</td> <td class="bl">13.7</td> + <td class="bl">24.4</td> <td class="bl">20.2</td> + <td class="bl">16.1</td> <td class="bl">8.0</td> + <td class="bl">8.3</td> <td class="bl">6.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">238</td> + <td class="bl">75</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">40.6</td> <td class="bl">14.7</td> + <td class="bl">25.0</td> <td class="bl">20.7</td> + <td class="bl">16.5</td> <td class="bl">8.5</td> + <td class="bl">8.7</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">216</td> + <td class="bl">55</td> <td class="bl">26</td> + <td class="bl">37.8</td> <td class="bl">12.9</td> + <td class="bl">23.6</td> <td class="bl">19.7</td> + <td class="bl">15.5</td> <td class="bl">7.8</td> + <td class="bl">7.9</td> <td class="bl">6.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">4 av.</td> <td class="bl">247</td> + <td class="bl">73</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">44.2</td> <td class="bl">15.9</td> + <td class="bl">27.7</td> <td class="bl">22.1</td> + <td class="bl">18.6</td> <td class="bl">9.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.4</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">252</td> + <td class="bl">80</td> <td class="bl">34</td> + <td class="bl">45.2</td> <td class="bl">16.7</td> + <td class="bl">28.8</td> <td class="bl">22.3</td> + <td class="bl">19.8</td> <td class="bl">9.6</td> + <td class="bl">8.8</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">244</td> + <td class="bl">67</td> <td class="bl">30</td> + <td class="bl">43.7</td> <td class="bl">15.5</td> + <td class="bl">27.0</td> <td class="bl">21.7</td> + <td class="bl">18.0</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.2</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + Cortez</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">5120<a href="#FN_3" class="anchor">[3]</a></td> + <td class="bl">224</td> + <td class="bl">56</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">38.1</td> <td class="bl">12.3</td> + <td class="bl">....</td> <td class="bl">19.5</td> + <td class="bl">15.4</td> <td class="bl">7.5</td> + <td class="bl">7.6</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">5121<a href="#FN_3" class="anchor">[3]</a></td> + <td class="bl">220</td> + <td class="bl">68</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">38.3</td> <td class="bl">11.6</td> + <td class="bl">24.2</td> <td class="bl">19.6</td> + <td class="bl">15.1</td> <td class="bl">7.6</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">5124<a href="#FN_3" class="anchor">[3]</a></td> + <td class="bl">257</td> + <td class="bl">81</td> <td class="bl">33</td> + <td class="bl">44.4</td> <td class="bl">15.4</td> + <td class="bl">29.5</td> <td class="bl">22.2</td> + <td class="bl">18.6</td> <td class="bl">8.9</td> + <td class="bl">8.6</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">5119<a href="#FN_3" class="anchor">[3]</a></td> + <td class="bl">215</td> + <td class="bl">62</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">42.0</td> <td class="bl">14.0</td> + <td class="bl">27.9</td> <td class="bl">22.1</td> + <td class="bl">17.9</td> <td class="bl">8.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.6</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + Mesa Verde (combined)</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">5 av.</td> <td class="bl">221</td> + <td class="bl">63</td> <td class="bl">30</td> + <td class="bl">39.0</td> <td class="bl">12.6</td> + <td class="bl">24.7</td> <td class="bl">20.2</td> + <td class="bl">16.0</td> <td class="bl">8.0</td> + <td class="bl">8.2</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">235</td> + <td class="bl">66</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">40.4</td> <td class="bl">13.7</td> + <td class="bl">25.6</td> <td class="bl">21.1</td> + <td class="bl">17.3</td> <td class="bl">8.7</td> + <td class="bl">8.5</td> <td class="bl">7.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">212</td> + <td class="bl">61</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">38.1</td> <td class="bl">12.0</td> + <td class="bl">24.1</td> <td class="bl">19.5</td> + <td class="bl">15.0</td> <td class="bl">7.7</td> + <td class="bl">7.9</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">3 av.</td> <td class="bl">246</td> + <td class="bl">74</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">43.7</td> <td class="bl">14.9</td> + <td class="bl">27.8</td> <td class="bl">22.3</td> + <td class="bl">18.3</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.9</td> <td class="bl">6.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">252</td> + <td class="bl">79</td> <td class="bl">33</td> + <td class="bl">45.0</td> <td class="bl">15.2</td> + <td class="bl">28.4</td> <td class="bl">23.0</td> + <td class="bl">18.5</td> <td class="bl">9.0</td> + <td class="bl">9.0</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">238</td> + <td class="bl">69</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">42.0</td> <td class="bl">14.7</td> + <td class="bl">27.5</td> <td class="bl">21.2</td> + <td class="bl">18.2</td> <td class="bl">8.7</td> + <td class="bl">8.9</td> <td class="bl">6.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 1 mi. N La Plata</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">72966<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">236</td> + <td class="bl">70</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">45.4</td> <td class="bl">15.6</td> + <td class="bl">29.4</td> <td class="bl">23.3</td> + <td class="bl">20.2</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.5</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[pg 380]</a></span> + 3 mi. W Durango</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">3 av.</td> <td class="bl">225</td> + <td class="bl">65</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">40.1</td> <td class="bl">13.1</td> + <td class="bl">25.7</td> <td class="bl">21.0</td> + <td class="bl">16.6</td> <td class="bl">8.1</td> + <td class="bl">8.3</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">230</td> + <td class="bl">67</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">40.4</td> <td class="bl">13.5</td> + <td class="bl">25.8</td> <td class="bl">21.2</td> + <td class="bl">16.8</td> <td class="bl">8.4</td> + <td class="bl">8.5</td> <td class="bl">6.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">219</td> + <td class="bl">63</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">39.9</td> <td class="bl">13.0</td> + <td class="bl">25.7</td> <td class="bl">20.6</td> + <td class="bl">16.5</td> <td class="bl">8.4</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">70054<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">262</td> + <td class="bl">87</td> <td class="bl">35</td> + <td class="bl">45.0</td> <td class="bl">15.6</td> + <td class="bl">27.9</td> <td class="bl">22.7</td> + <td class="bl">19.7</td> <td class="bl">9.3</td> + <td class="bl">9.8</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">70055<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">248</td> + <td class="bl">79</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">43.3</td> <td class="bl">14.0</td> + <td class="bl">27.6</td> <td class="bl">22.1</td> + <td class="bl">17.1</td> <td class="bl">8.7</td> + <td class="bl">8.2</td> <td class="bl">6.2</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 12 mi. W Pagosa Springs</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72971<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">217</td> + <td class="bl">65</td> <td class="bl">27</td> + <td class="bl">39.1</td> <td class="bl">12.8</td> + <td class="bl">....</td> <td class="bl">20.0</td> + <td class="bl">15.4</td> <td class="bl">7.4</td> + <td class="bl">8.7</td> <td class="bl">6.2</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">72970<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">238</td> + <td class="bl">70</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">42.7</td> <td class="bl">15.0</td> + <td class="bl">27.5</td> <td class="bl">21.8</td> + <td class="bl">17.2</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.3</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <i>Thomomys bottae pervagus</i>, Antonito</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">133668<a href="#FN_1" class="anchor">[1]</a> +<br /><a href="#FN_s">sad.</a></td> + <td class="bl">208</td> + <td class="bl">69</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">37.3</td> <td class="bl">12.9</td> + <td class="bl">23.1</td> <td class="bl">18.2</td> + <td class="bl">15.8</td> <td class="bl">7.5</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[pg 381]</a></span> + Espanola, New Mexico</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">133616<a href="#FN_1" class="anchor">[1]</a></td> + <td class="bl">249</td> + <td class="bl">82</td> <td class="bl">38</td> + <td class="bl">41.1</td> <td class="bl">....</td> + <td class="bl">24.6</td> <td class="bl">20.0</td> + <td class="bl">16.3</td> <td class="bl">8.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">7.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">133619<a href="#FN_1" class="anchor">[1]</a></td> + <td class="bl">216</td> + <td class="bl">65</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">40.6</td> <td class="bl">....</td> + <td class="bl">24.9</td> <td class="bl">19.3</td> + <td class="bl">....</td> <td class="bl">8.0</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">58293<a href="#FN_1" class="anchor">[1]</a></td> + <td class="bl">244</td> + <td class="bl">76</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">44.0</td> <td class="bl">16.1</td> + <td class="bl">26.9</td> <td class="bl">21.2</td> + <td class="bl">18.3</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">6.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <i>Thomomys bottae internatus</i>, Salida</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">11 av.</td> <td class="bl">219</td> + <td class="bl">67</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">38.6</td> <td class="bl">13.4</td> + <td class="bl">23.2</td> <td class="bl">19.5</td> + <td class="bl">15.4</td> <td class="bl">7.6</td> + <td class="bl">7.8</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">242</td> + <td class="bl">80</td> <td class="bl">34</td> + <td class="bl">40.4</td> <td class="bl">14.2</td> + <td class="bl">25.0</td> <td class="bl">20.2</td> + <td class="bl">16.2</td> <td class="bl">8.1</td> + <td class="bl">8.4</td> <td class="bl">6.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">196</td> + <td class="bl">45</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">37.6</td> <td class="bl">12.9</td> + <td class="bl">21.9</td> <td class="bl">18.8</td> + <td class="bl">14.8</td> <td class="bl">7.3</td> + <td class="bl">7.0</td> <td class="bl">6.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">3 av.</td> <td class="bl">247</td> + <td class="bl">74</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">42.9</td> <td class="bl">16.1</td> + <td class="bl">25.1</td> <td class="bl">20.9</td> + <td class="bl">18.0</td> <td class="bl">8.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">248</td> + <td class="bl">74</td> <td class="bl">33</td> + <td class="bl">43.7</td> <td class="bl">16.3</td> + <td class="bl">26.4</td> <td class="bl">21.7</td> + <td class="bl">18.1</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Min.</td> <td class="bl">247</td> + <td class="bl">74</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">42.2</td> <td class="bl">15.9</td> + <td class="bl">25.8</td> <td class="bl">20.5</td> + <td class="bl">17.9</td> <td class="bl">7.9</td> + <td class="bl">7.9</td> <td class="bl">6.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 12 mi. N Cañon City</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72945<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">230</td> + <td class="bl">81</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">38.1</td> <td class="bl">13.0</td> + <td class="bl">22.6</td> <td class="bl">19.4</td> + <td class="bl">15.0</td> <td class="bl">7.9</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72947<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">228</td> + <td class="bl">74</td> <td class="bl">27</td> + <td class="bl">38.7</td> <td class="bl">14.0</td> + <td class="bl">23.6</td> <td class="bl">19.8</td> + <td class="bl">15.9</td> <td class="bl">8.2</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 1 mi. W Coaldale</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">70042<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">224</td> + <td class="bl">70</td> <td class="bl">30</td> + <td class="bl">38.1</td> <td class="bl">13.1</td> + <td class="bl">23.5</td> <td class="bl">19.5</td> + <td class="bl">15.6</td> <td class="bl">7.7</td> + <td class="bl">7.5</td> <td class="bl">6.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 5 mi. S Cotopaxi</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72932<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">224</td> + <td class="bl">65</td> <td class="bl">27</td> + <td class="bl">39.1</td> <td class="bl">13.8</td> + <td class="bl">24.3</td> <td class="bl">20.4</td> + <td class="bl">15.5</td> <td class="bl">7.7</td> + <td class="bl">7.5</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">72925<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">250</td> + <td class="bl">74</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">44.0</td> <td class="bl">16.2</td> + <td class="bl">27.5</td> <td class="bl">22.8</td> + <td class="bl">18.7</td> <td class="bl">9.0</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">6.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[pg 382]</a></span> + 9 mi. SSW Colorado Springs</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72942<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">225</td> + <td class="bl">77</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">38.8</td> <td class="bl">14.1</td> + <td class="bl">23.3</td> <td class="bl">20.2</td> + <td class="bl">15.4</td> <td class="bl">7.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.3</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">72943<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">219</td> + <td class="bl">70</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">37.7</td> <td class="bl">13.5</td> + <td class="bl">23.0</td> <td class="bl">19.7</td> + <td class="bl">14.8</td> <td class="bl">7.6</td> + <td class="bl">8.4</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 2-1/2 mi. S Wetmore</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">70053<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">250</td> + <td class="bl">81</td> <td class="bl">30</td> + <td class="bl">42.5</td> <td class="bl">16.7</td> + <td class="bl">26.3</td> <td class="bl">22.3</td> + <td class="bl">17.7</td> <td class="bl">8.5</td> + <td class="bl">7.9</td> <td class="bl">5.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 200 yards E St. Charles River, 8 mi. W Pueblo</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">73497<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">226</td> + <td class="bl">69</td> <td class="bl">30</td> + <td class="bl">39.3</td> <td class="bl">13.9</td> + <td class="bl">24.9</td> <td class="bl">20.5</td> + <td class="bl">15.7</td> <td class="bl">7.7</td> + <td class="bl">7.9</td> <td class="bl">7.2</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">73498<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">216</td> + <td class="bl">64</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">38.0</td> <td class="bl">12.9</td> + <td class="bl">24.2</td> <td class="bl">20.1</td> + <td class="bl">15.1</td> <td class="bl">7.7</td> + <td class="bl">7.4</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + St. Charles Mesa</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">4860<a href="#FN_3" class="anchor">[3]</a></td> + <td class="bl">222</td> + <td class="bl">70</td> <td class="bl">29</td> + <td class="bl">38.2</td> <td class="bl">13.5</td> + <td class="bl">....</td> <td class="bl">19.3</td> + <td class="bl">15.9</td> <td class="bl">8.2</td> + <td class="bl">7.5</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">4864<a href="#FN_3" class="anchor">[3]</a></td> + <td class="bl">240</td> + <td class="bl">72</td> <td class="bl">33</td> + <td class="bl">43.1</td> <td class="bl">15.8</td> + <td class="bl">....</td> <td class="bl">21.4</td> + <td class="bl">17.6</td> <td class="bl">9.2</td> + <td class="bl">7.9</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[pg 383]</a></span> + 11 mi. WNW Gardner</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">70052<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">227</td> + <td class="bl">64</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">37.9</td> <td class="bl">13.0</td> + <td class="bl">22.5</td> <td class="bl">18.8</td> + <td class="bl">14.8</td> <td class="bl">7.3</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 1-1/2 mi. S Redwing</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72940<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">227</td> + <td class="bl">73</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">39.0</td> <td class="bl">13.1</td> + <td class="bl">23.1</td> <td class="bl">18.8</td> + <td class="bl">15.6</td> <td class="bl">7.8</td> + <td class="bl">8.0</td> <td class="bl">6.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + 1 mi. E La Veta</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">70049<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> <td class="bl">254</td> + <td class="bl">88</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">42.4</td> <td class="bl">15.1</td> + <td class="bl">27.5</td> <td class="bl">21.8</td> + <td class="bl">17.3</td> <td class="bl">8.4</td> + <td class="bl">8.2</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">70044<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> <td class="bl">239</td> + <td class="bl">80</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">42.3</td> <td class="bl">16.5</td> + <td class="bl">27.8</td> <td class="bl">22.0</td> + <td class="bl">17.9</td> <td class="bl">8.7</td> + <td class="bl">8.1</td> <td class="bl">6.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <i>Thomomys bottae cultellus</i>, Fishers Peak</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">129285<a href="#FN_1" class="anchor">[1]</a> +<br /><a href="#FN_s">sad.</a></td> + <td class="bl">214</td> + <td class="bl">64</td> <td class="bl">27</td> + <td class="bl">37.2</td> <td class="bl">13.0</td> + <td class="bl">....</td> <td class="bl">19.0</td> + <td class="bl">15.3</td> <td class="bl">7.7</td> + <td class="bl">7.6</td> <td class="bl">6.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bt"> </td> <td class="bl bt"> </td> + <td class="bl bt bb" colspan="11"> + <i>Thomomys bottae rubidus</i>, holotype and topotypes</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72952<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">233</td> + <td class="bl">80</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">40.6</td> <td class="bl">14.2</td> + <td class="bl">25.1</td> <td class="bl">20.8</td> + <td class="bl">16.7</td> <td class="bl">8.8</td> + <td class="bl">7.5</td> <td class="bl">6.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♀</td> + <td class="bl">72954<a href="#FN_4" class="anchor">[4]</a></td> + <td class="bl">225</td> + <td class="bl">80</td> <td class="bl">28</td> + <td class="bl">40.3</td> <td class="bl">14.2</td> + <td class="bl">24.6</td> <td class="bl">20.6</td> + <td class="bl">16.6</td> <td class="bl">9.2</td> + <td class="bl">7.2</td> <td class="bl">6.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td>♂</td> + <td class="bl">3 av.</td> <td class="bl">261</td> + <td class="bl">89</td> <td class="bl">31</td> + <td class="bl">44.7</td> <td class="bl">15.7</td> + <td class="bl">27.8</td> <td class="bl">22.6</td> + <td class="bl">18.6</td> <td class="bl">10.1</td> + <td class="bl">7.4</td> <td class="bl">6.9</td> + </tr><tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="bl">Max.</td> <td class="bl">270</td> + <td class="bl">94</td> <td class="bl">32</td> + <td class="bl">45.1</td> <td class="bl">15.9</td> + <td class="bl">28.1</td> <td class="bl">22.7</td> + <td class="bl">18.8</td> <td class="bl">10.4</td> + <td class="bl">7.6</td> <td class="bl">7.0</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="bb"> </td> + <td class="bl bb">Min.</td> <td class="bl bb">255</td> + <td class="bl bb">85</td> <td class="bl bb">30</td> + <td class="bl bb">44.2</td> <td class="bl bb">15.5</td> + <td class="bl bb">27.5</td> <td class="bl bb">22.5</td> + <td class="bl bb">18.5</td> <td class="bl bb">9.8</td> + <td class="bl bb">7.2</td> <td class="bl bb">6.8</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<div class="descrip"> + <p><a name="FN_s" id="FN_s"></a>sad. denotes subadult.</p> + + <p><a name="FN_1" id="FN_1"></a>[1] + United States National Museum.</p> + + <p><a name="FN_2" id="FN_2"></a>[2] + E. R. Warren Collection.</p> + + <p><a name="FN_3" id="FN_3"></a>[3] + Colorado State University.</p> + + <p><a name="FN_4" id="FN_4"></a>[4] + Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas.</p> +</div> + + +<div> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[pg 384]</a></span> +</div> + +<hr class="cb" /> +<h2>LITERATURE CITED</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Bailey, V.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1910. Two new pocket gophers of the genus <i>Thomomys</i>. Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 23:79-80, May 4.</p> + + <p>1915. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys. U. S. + Dept. Agric., Bur. Biol. Surv., N. Amer. Fauna, 39:1-136, 8 + pls., 10 figs, in text, November 15.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Daubenmire, R. F.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1943. Vegetational zonation in the Rocky Mountains. Bot. Rev., + 9:325-393, June.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Durrant, S. D.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1952. Mammals of Utah. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:1-549, + 91 figs. August 10.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Fenneman, N. M.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1931. Physiography of western United States. McGraw Hill Book Co., + New York, xiii + 534 pp., 173 figs., 1 map in cover pocket.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Goldman, E. A.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1936. <i>New pocket gophers of the genus</i> Thomomys. Jour. Washington + Acad. Sci., 26(3):111-120, March 15.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Grinnell, J.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1931. A new pocket gopher from southeastern California. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 38(1):1-10, 2 pls., October 17.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Kelson, K. R.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1951. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico and + Colorado. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 5(6):59-71, 1 + fig. in text, October 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Munsell, A. H.</span></p> + +<div class="biblio"> + <p>1954. Munsell soil color charts. Munsell Color Co., Inc., Baltimore.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Transmitted November 14, 1957.</i></p> + +<p class="center">□<br />27-1765</p> + +<div class="spacer"></div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Variation in the Pocket +Gopher, Thomys bottae, in Colorado, by Phillip M. 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