initial commit of ebook 37295HEADmain

1 files changed, 609 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/37295.txt b/37295.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5baeecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/37295.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Soft Candy for Bees, by Dr. Burton N. Gates
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Soft Candy for Bees
+
+Author: Dr. Burton N. Gates
+
+Release Date: September 2, 2011 [EBook #37295]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOFT CANDY FOR BEES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Edwards, Harry Lame and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                       Transcriber's notes:                        |
+  |                                                                   |
+  | The scans on which this e-book was based have been generously made|
+  | available by the Internet Archive.                                |
+  |                                                                   |
+  | The original text has been preserved for this e-book, including   |
+  | (minor) inconsistencies (for example, right-hand v. right hand).  |
+  |                                                                   |
+  | The footnote has been moved to directly underneath the section it |
+  | refers to.                                                        |
+  |                                                                   |
+  | Transcription used in this e-text: italics in the original are    |
+  | presented here between underscores, as in _text_; small capitals  |
+  | in the original document are presented here as ALL CAPITALS.      |
+  +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+Apiary Inspection.
+
+Bulletin No. 7A.
+
+The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
+
+STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
+
+
+SOFT CANDY FOR BEES.
+
+BY DR. BURTON N. GATES.
+
+
+FROM THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BOSTON:
+
+WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,
+
+32 DERNE STREET.
+
+1914.
+
+
+
+
+APPROVED BY
+
+THE STATE BOARD OF PUBLICATION.
+
+
+
+
+SOFT CANDY FOR BEES.
+
+
+    THE SO-CALLED "FULLER CANDY" FOR QUEEN CAGES, TRANSPORTATION OF
+    COMBLESS COLONIES, STIMULATIVE AND GENERAL FEEDING.
+
+The well-informed beekeeper has learned that it is unwise and hazardous
+to feed under any circumstances honey in any form, even though it be
+from his own apiary. There have been many sad and general infections
+with bee diseases by such unguarded feeding. Thus it has become almost
+an axiom, "Feed no honey." Consequently, substitutes have necessarily
+been adopted and among these are sugar syrups of various dilutions and
+compositions; "hard candy," which is virtually a taffy; and recently,
+the so-called "Fuller candy," which is a soft fondant, not dissimilar to
+the fondant of chocolate creams.
+
+For several years Mr. Fuller of Blackstone, Mass., as well as others,
+has been experimenting with this modified English candy, which should
+not harden beyond usefulness. Beekeepers of Massachusetts and elsewhere
+about the country have found it advantageous to use this as a substitute
+for honey or syrup. So numerous are the inquiries and satisfactory the
+results, that it seems desirable to prepare information in printed form.
+
+The soft candy has numerous advantages and possibilities. It is found
+to be a most satisfactory stimulative feed; a food for bees in transit,
+either full colonies on combs, in combless packages, or for queens in
+mailing cages. It is also found satisfactory and advantageous as winter
+stores. Colonies have been observed to leave natural stores for the
+candy. This has occurred in colonies out of doors or in the cellar
+during winter, as well as with colonies which are flying. Some of the
+advantages of the candy are the ease with which it is handled or
+supplied; the fact that it may be made up in quantities and stored until
+needed for use; its failure to excite robbing; the ability to provision
+colonies with known amounts or weights; and its freedom from bee disease
+infection. It is furthermore found to be economical, there being no
+waste by evaporation or spilling, as is the case with liquid feeds. It
+is proving exceedingly practical in all feeding purposes and methods.
+
+The candy may be made in any degree of hardness or softness, according
+to the preference of the individual or the needs of the season. As is
+inferred above, it may be made and stored for months and even years if
+properly handled. It may be molded in pulp, or wooden pie-plates,
+shallow tins or specially constructed feeders (see Figs. 1 and 2),
+"division-board feeders," overhead or super feeders, or boards may be
+nailed to the side of a frame and the candy poured and molded within the
+frame, allowing this to be hung in the hive adjacent to the cluster.
+With the candy may be mixed pollen substitutes, but these are as yet in
+the experimental stage, and their efficiency or satisfactoriness is
+uncertain.
+
+The latest formula or recipe for the cream, or soft candy, fondant,
+which is practically a confectioner's recipe, is as follows:--
+
+    12 pounds granulated sugar.
+
+    1-1/2 pounds liquid glucose.[1]
+
+    1-1/4 quarts water (equals 40 ounces, which equals 5 cupfuls).
+
+    1/4 teaspoonful (about) cream of tartar, added when the
+    temperature reaches about 230 deg. F. or 110 deg. C.
+
+    Boil to 238 deg. F. or 114.4 deg. C.
+
+  [1] Granular or crystal glucose may be used, mixing it with the
+  usual amount of water. It may be desirable to modify the amount of
+  glucose.
+
+The measurements should be accurate.
+
+A wooden paddle whittled about a foot long, with a 2-inch blade, is
+found to be superior to a spoon in stirring or beating the candy.
+
+A confectioner's thermometer is an advantage. Those experienced in
+making maple sugar may dispense with the thermometer, although more
+accurate results are obtained by using it.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 1.--These are the usual and convenient types of
+candy box or feeder. The right-hand one is placed as it would appear on
+the top of the frames. Notice that one end is slightly elevated. To its
+left is a box of candy, which is darker, being made with "Coffee A"
+sugar; the glass side of this faces out, as also in the upper box. The
+box at the extreme left shows the surface of white candy, made with
+granulated sugar; it also shows the projection which tilts the box. Upon
+it is a pie plate filled with the candy, which may be inverted upon the
+frames. (Author's illustration.)]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 2.--Molds in the form of division-board feeders
+(left-hand mold filled with candy; right hand, empty). The lower frames
+are the standard Langstroth dimensions; the upper are Benton nuclei
+frames. The central box shows the position of a feeder on top of the
+frames. (Author's illustration.)]
+
+As soon as the sugar has begun to dissolve, _prior to boiling_, the
+spoon or paddle used in stirring should be removed from the kettle. _The
+candy should not be stirred while cooking_; to do it will cause a coarse
+grain. Remove from the stove and cool to 125 deg.-130 deg. F. (or 51.6 deg.-54.4 deg.
+C.), when the specified boiling point has been reached. While cooling,
+in order to equalize the temperature, the mass may be stirred; or
+preferably, when cooled to the specified degree, it should be stirred
+until it commences to grain. Mr. Fuller's directions are to stir
+vigorously until the mass appears in color and consistency like boiled
+starch or paste. At once pour into molds or feeders and cool.
+
+_Fine-grain Fondant for Queen Cages._--Another way to cool the candy is
+to prepare a marble slab 2 or 3 feet square with bars of square iron,
+making a form. The candy may be poured upon the marble, and with broad
+putty knives, similar to those used by paper hangers, the mass may be
+beaten or worked upon the marble. Experience teaches that this, which is
+virtually a confectioner's method, produces a finer grain and usually a
+whiter fondant than when stirred in the kettle. This is the process in
+preparing candy for use in queen mailing cages, or the transportation of
+bees. By it, a firmer consistency is usually obtained.
+
+As a warning or explanation it may be said that the higher the
+temperature at which the candy is boiled the harder it will become;
+consequently, by varying the boiling point at which the candy is removed
+from the stove, the hardness or softness of the product may be governed.
+Furthermore, as is the experience of confection makers, candy should be
+boiled to one or two degrees higher on cloudy or humid days than on a
+clear, dry day. By means of a thermometer and a little experience, these
+features are readily learned.
+
+_Storing the Candy._--The fondant is best stored in earthen crocks,
+either as a mass or in the feeders. These preserve the normal moisture.
+Over the mass should be placed a sheet of paraffin paper upon which is a
+moist cloth or towel. The crock should be covered. Queen-cage candy
+should always be kept in this way in order to preserve its consistency.
+Similarly, candy molded in feeders may be stored in large crocks or
+tins.
+
+_Remaking the Candy._--If at any time the candy hardens from any cause,
+either in making, storage or in use, it may be softened by the
+application of a few drops of water. Furthermore, it may be removed from
+the molds and recooked to the desired consistency. To recook, add a
+small amount of water and boil as before.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 3.--When the bees of a strong colony eat up the
+candy almost entirely, they not infrequently build combs, and have been
+known even to rear brood, in the box. This shows (upper part of the
+picture, in corners) the remaining candy upon which the bees were still
+at work, also having attached combs to the glass. Some beekeepers have
+removed such a box of combs and brood, starting there from a new colony.
+In order to get the correct relation of the picture, hold it directly
+above your head. The combs will then appear pendulous from the glass,
+and in their correct position, as if lifted off from the tops of the
+frames.]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Soft Candy for Bees, by Dr. Burton N. Gates
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOFT CANDY FOR BEES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 37295.txt or 37295.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/2/9/37295/
+
+Produced by David Edwards, Harry Lame and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.