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+Project Gutenberg's A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena
+       With Notes: In Answer to a Late Pamphlet Entitled, An
+       account of the Expedition to Carthagena
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 31, 2011 [EBook #37276]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A JOURNAL OF THE EXPEDITION TO _CARTHAGENA_,
+
+With NOTES.
+
+In ANSWER to a late PAMPHLET;
+
+ENTITLED,
+
+_An_ ACCOUNT _of the_ EXPEDITION _to CARTHAGENA_.
+
+_Qui statuit aliquid, parte inaudita altera,
+Æquum licet statuerit, haud æquus suit._
+
+_Senec. Med._
+
+The SECOND EDITION.
+
+_LONDON_:
+Printed for J. ROBERTS, in _Warwick-Lane_.
+M.DCC.XLIV.
+
+
+
+
+THE INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+_The following Sheets contain an Answer to a Pamphlet, which appeared on
+the Close of the last Session of Parliament, and is entitled,_ An
+Account of the Expedition to _Carthagena._
+
+_To set that whole Transaction in the most clear Light, the Author has
+laid before the Publick an exact and faithful _Journal_ of the most
+material Occurrences, not only during the Troops being on Shore in the
+Neighbourhood of _Carthagena_, but from the Time of the Fleet's sailing
+from _Jamaica_; the Period from which the Author of the Pamphlet begins
+his Relation._
+
+_The Notes are (as far as it was practicable) placed in the same Order
+with those in the Pamphlet; to which References are made, that the
+Reader may (if he pleases to take that Trouble) compare each Note with
+the Answer to it._
+
+_Several Facts will be here found to be placed in a very different Light
+from the same Facts, as they are described in the Pamphlet, and others
+to be rejected, as absolutely false and groundless; but the Author
+flatters himself, that he has advanced nothing which is not founded upon
+Truth, and such as can be supported by living Evidences, or by
+authentick Records, whenever his Antagonist shall be pleased to lay
+aside his Mask; otherwise, no Notice will be taken of any Reply, which
+may hereafter be published._
+
+
+
+
+January _the 10th, 1740_.
+
+
+It was resolved in the principal Council of War[1] held at _Spanish
+Town_ in _Jamaica_, that the whole Fleet should proceed to Windward, to
+observe the Motions of the Squadron under the Command of the Marquis
+_d'Antin_; and that Capt. _Dandridge_ should be sent before in the
+_Wolf_ Sloop to get Intelligence.
+
+No Time having been lost in preparing to put to Sea; _January_ the 22d,
+Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ sailed with his Division out of _Port-Royal_
+Harbour; Commodore _Lestock_ the 26th, and Vice-Admiral _Vernon_ the
+28th: The three Squadrons, having join'd _January_ the 31st, made Cape
+_Tiberon_, on the Coast of _Hispaniola_, _February_ the 7th; the same
+Day Captain _Dandridge_ came into the Fleet. _February_ the 8th, the
+Admiral made a Signal for General and Flag Officers, and communicated to
+them the Report he had received from Captain _Dandridge_,[2] _viz._
+"_That he had_, January _the 30th, look'd into_ Port-Lewis, _where he
+had seen nineteen Ships of War; that one of them carried a Flag at the
+Main-top-mast Head, and another a broad Pendant_;" which Report being
+taken into Consideration, it was resolved to steer directly to the Isle
+of _Vache_; where the Fleet arrived _February_ the 12th, and cast Anchor
+at about two Leagues to the Westward of _Port-Lewis_.
+
+The same Day Captain _Laws_ was sent in the _Spence_ Sloop a-fresh to
+reconnoitre the Harbour of _Port-Lewis_, who return'd in a few Hours
+with a Report, "_That he had there counted sixteen Ships of War, and
+that one of them carried a broad Pendant_."
+
+_February_ the 13th, the Admiral, accompany'd by the General, went in
+his Barge into the Bay between the Isle of _Vache_ and _Hispaniola_,
+where there was found sufficient Depth of Water for the large Ships, and
+good Anchorage for the Transports. _February_ the 14th, a _French_
+Officer came off with a Message; but the Admiral declining to see him
+'till late in the Evening, he return'd without having deliver'd it.
+
+The Admiral went further up the Bay to a small _Kay_ (Island) with an
+Intention to reconnoitre the _French_ Fleet, and was there join'd by the
+General, who perceiving it to be impossible thence to look into the
+Harbour, desired, that he might in Person go in with the _Spence_ Sloop,
+and that Captain _Knowles_, being a good Draughts-Man, might accompany
+him; to which the Admiral consented.
+
+As soon as the Sloop open'd the Harbour, Capt. _Laws_ declared, that the
+Ships there lying at Anchor were _French_ Men of War, and pointed to
+one, as having a white Flag at the Main-top-mast-Head; but the General,
+not being fully satisfied, order'd the Sloop to stand within Gun-shot,
+when it appeared, that the Ships in View were Merchant-men, most of them
+unrig'd; excepting one Frigate of forty Guns, whose Main-top-mast-Head
+lying in a Line with the white Gable-End of an House, occasioned the
+Mistake about the Flag.
+
+_February_ the 15th, Captain _Boscawen_ and Captain _Knowles_ were sent
+with a Message to the _French_ Governor; the Purport of which was, that
+the Admiral not being on board his Ship, when an Officer came off to
+speak to him, he had not seen him, but now sends to know what he had to
+offer; that the Fleet was forced by strong Breezes into the Bay; that he
+desires Leave to Wood and Water: They return'd with a very polite
+Answer, and brought an Account of the Marquiss _d'Antin_'s being sail'd
+for _Europe_.
+
+Capt. _Renton_ came into the Fleet, and confirm'd the Report, "_That the
+Marquis_ d'Antin _sail'd with his Squadron for_ Europe, _January_ the
+26th."
+
+_February_ the 16th, the principal Council of War being assembled, it
+was resolved, that the Fleet, after having taken in Wood and Water at
+_Iros_, _Tiberon_ and _Donna-Maria_ Bays, should thence proceed directly
+to _Carthagena_.
+
+_February_ the 17th, the Fleet sailed from the Isle of _Vache_, and the
+Day following came to an Anchor in _Iros_, _Tiberon_ and _Donna-Maria_
+Bays.
+
+Seven Days having been employ'd in taking in Wood and Water; Detachments
+from the _American_ Regiment, and from the Negroes, were daily sent on
+Shore to cut Fascines and Pickets.
+
+_February_ the 25th, the _Weymouth_, the _Experiment_, and the _Spence_
+Sloop, were order'd a-head, under the Command of Capt. _Knowles_, to
+sound _Punto-Canoa_ Bay, which lies about two Leagues to the Windward of
+_Carthagena_.
+
+_February_ the 26th, the whole Fleet got under Sail, and came to an
+Anchor in _Punto-Canoa_ Bay, _March_ the 4th.
+
+_March_ the 5th, a general Council of War composed of the four principal
+Officers of the Army, and of the four principal Officers of the Navy,
+was held for settling the Shares of Plunder; but no Scheme could be then
+formed for attacking the Town, "from the Want of proper
+Intelligence."[3]
+
+_March_ the 6th, the General, accompany'd by some of the principal Land
+Officers, went on Board the _Lyon_ Man of War to reconnoitre the Town,
+the Coast adjoining, the Forts on _Tierra Bomba_, &c. but did not return
+to the Fleet before the 8th in the Morning: The _Lyon_ having lost her
+Main-Mast by the great Swell of the Sea. The _Weymouth_, the _Dunkirk_,
+the _Experiment_, and the _Spence_ Sloop, were order'd to the Mouth of
+the Harbour, for taking the Soundings, and for getting Information how
+near the large Ships could approach for battering the Forts on _Tierra
+Bomba_.
+
+_March_ the 8th, a general Council of War being assembled, and having
+received, and carefully weighed, the Reports of the General Officers,
+and of the Captains of the _Dunkirk_ and _Weymouth_, it was unanimously
+resolved, that Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ should the next Morning fall down
+with his Division to the Mouth of the Harbour, and batter the Forts, St.
+_Philip_, St. _Jago_, &c.
+
+The General afterwards assembled a Council of War, composed of Land
+Officers; when a Disposition was made for landing the Troops.
+
+_March_ the 9th, in the Morning, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, accompany'd by the
+General, proceeded, with his Division, to the Attack of the Forts: Three
+eighty Gun Ships; the _Norfolk_, Capt. _Graves_; the _Shrewsbury_, Capt.
+_Townshend_; and the _Russel_, Capt. _Norris_, were order'd to batter
+those of St. _Philip_ and St. _Jago_: Which Service they perform'd very
+gallantly, having, before the Evening, drove the Enemy from their Guns,
+and forced there, to retire out of the Forts.
+
+About Two, the General and Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ went on board the
+_Norfolk_, and afterwards the _Russel_, for the better reconnoitring the
+Enemy, and viewing the Ground where the Troops were proposed to be
+landed.
+
+The Loss on board the _Norfolk_ and the _Russel_ was not very
+considerable, but the _Shrewsbury_ suffered much more; for having
+received a Shot in her Cable, she drove so far, as to open the whole
+Fire of the Castle of _Boca-Chica_, &c. to which she lay exposed till
+the Night gave her an Opportunity of removing to a safer Birth. As there
+were no Guns either in _Fort Chambra_, or on what was called the Fascine
+Battery, the _Princess-Amelia_, and the _Litchfield_ met with no
+Opposition.
+
+About Five, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ made a Signal for landing the Troops,
+which was repeated by the Admiral, who lay then with his Squadron at
+about a League's Distance.
+
+As soon as the Grenadiers appeared, the General joined them, with an
+Intention to have landed immediately; but the three principal Officers,
+and two of the Companies, being still wanting, he order'd the Boats to
+lie under the Cover of the _Russel_ and the _Norfolk_, there to wait
+their Arrival: They were in a short Time joined by the Lieutenant
+Colonel and Major, and one Company; but Col. _Wynyard_, "who was
+detain'd with his Company of Grenadiers, on board the _Strumbulo
+Fire-Ship_, _from the want of Boats_," being still absent, the Landing
+was further post-pon'd to about Seven, when they were, without
+Opposition, put on Shore on the Strand, to the Left of Fort St.
+_Philip_, under the Command of Lieutenant Col. _Cochrane_: After having
+seen them in Possession of the Forts, the General returned and went on
+board a Vessel, which lay near the Shore, and there passed the rest of
+the Night.
+
+In the Disposition for Landing, the Grenadiers were to have been
+sustained by a Brigade, commanded by Brig. _Guise_, and Col. _Wolfe_,
+who themselves join'd the General; but the Brigade did not come down
+till the Day following, being prevented by the strong Breezes.[4]
+
+The same Evening the Bomb Ketches began to fire upon the Castle.
+
+_March_ the 10th, as soon as the Day appeared, the General went on
+Shore, and gave Orders for forming the Grenadiers upon the Beach, for
+covering the landing of the rest of the Troops; which not being
+compleated till late in the Evening, the whole lay that Night upon their
+Arms.
+
+_March_ the 11th, the Negroes, Tools, and Tents being put on Shore; the
+Ground was clear'd, the Tents pitch'd, and the Troops under cover the
+same Evening.[5]
+
+Two Coupures or Lines were begun into the Woods; one for cutting off the
+Communication of the Castle of _Boca-Chica_ with the City, the other for
+opening a way to the Skirts of the Wood, for the erecting a Battery;
+which last was this Day advanced 500 Yards.
+
+Mr. _Moor_, the principal Engineer, landed in the Night; the Ordnance
+Ship, on which he was embarked, having been drove to _Leeward_.
+
+_March_ the 12th, a Mortar Battery was begun, between the Forts St.
+_Phillip_ and St. _Jago_; and the Coupure leading to the Castle, was
+carried on to the Skirts of the Wood, but that for cutting off the
+Communication, was discontinued by the Advice of the principal
+Engineer.[6]
+
+All the Negroes, and as many Soldiers as could be spared, from their
+other Duty, were employed in cutting Fascines and Pickets. A Traverse
+was raised in the Coupure leading to _Boca-Chica_, and an Epaulement was
+thrown up for the covering the Workmen, which were to be employed in
+raising the great Gun-Battery.
+
+_March_ the 13th, A Defence was made of Casks filled with Sand, to cover
+the Mortar Battery from the Enemy's Fire; this Evening, (not the 17th,
+as the Author is pleased to alledge, Page the 10th,) it was finished,
+and began to play upon the Castle.[7]
+
+The Bomb-Ketches likewise continued to throw their Shells, and it was
+observed that _several_ of them did not take place in the Castle. The
+Ground was traced out for the great Gun-Battery.[8]
+
+The Coupure leading to the Castle of _Boca-Chica_, was enlarged. A
+Lieutenant Colonel's Guard was mounted to cover the Workmen to be
+employed on the great Gun-Battery.
+
+The Enemy fired very smartly, both Yesterday and this Day, and killed
+several Men in the Camp.[9]
+
+_March_ the 14th, the Works were carried on with all the Expedition our
+Circumstances would admit of; but were much retarded, not only from the
+Heat of the Climate, which renders _Europeans_ almost unable to support
+the least Fatigue, but from the Negroes throwing down their Loads, and
+working Tools, whenever a Shot came near them. These Difficulties having
+been represented to a Council of War by the principal Engineer,
+signifying at the same time, that an Addition of 1600 Men to the Forces
+then on Shore was wanting, to enable him to push on his Works with
+Vigour, a Demand was made of that Number of Soldiers to be landed from
+the Fleet, which the Admiral was pleased to refuse, alledging, that we
+could have no Occasion for them.
+
+_March_ the 15th, the General, accompany'd by Mr. _Moor_ and Capt.
+_Knowles_ view'd the Works at the great Gun Battery, and passed the
+Skirts of the Wood to reconnoitre the Castle, which had then received
+little or no visible Damage from the Shells.
+
+_March_ the 16th, all possible Diligence was used in cutting Fascines,
+sharpening Pickets, preparing Planks and timbers _&c._ for the Battery.
+The Artillery, and the greatest Part of the Stores, were by this Time
+landed,[10] of which Part was carried to the great Gun Battery.
+
+_March_ the 17th, the Parapet of the great Gun Battery was very near
+raised to the Embrasures.
+
+A Representation was made to the Admiral from a Council of War of Land
+Officers, of the Necessity of driving the Enemy from their Fascine
+Battery, which, as it was seated on the other Side the Entry into the
+Harbour, could not be done without the Assistance of the Fleet,
+otherwise the Attack upon it would have been made by a Detachment from
+the Land Forces on Shore.
+
+The same Day, it was resolved in a Council of War, composed of Sea
+Officers, to make an Attempt on the Fascine Battery with three hundred
+Sailors, and _two hundred Soldiers_, detach'd from those remaining on
+board the Fleet.
+
+_March_ the 18th, several of the Cannon were drawn up to the Battery,
+and mounted upon their Carriages.
+
+The Enemy, having discovered our Workmen, began to fire briskly upon
+them from the Castle, with Stones, _&c._ A Party of the Enemy fired upon
+the Negroes, who were employed in the Woods in cutting Fascines; but did
+no other Damage than the interrupting their Work.
+
+During the Night, the Fascine Battery was attack'd by 300 Sailors, and
+200 Soldiers, who possessed themselves of it, with very little
+Opposition.[11]
+
+_March_ the 19th, an Epaulement was raised to the left of the great Gun
+Battery, to cover it from the Fire of the Enemy's Ships of War; twelve
+of the Platforms were finished. The Enemy were perceived to be at Work
+in repairing the _Barradera_ Battery.[12]
+
+_March_ the 20th, the Wood began to be clear'd away before the great Gun
+Battery, and seven Pieces of Cannon were brought upon the Platforms.
+
+_March_ the 21st, nineteen Embrasures were finish'd, all the Cannon
+placed upon the Platforms, and the Wood was cut away, which cover'd the
+Battery from the View of the Castle.
+
+_March_ the 22d,[13] the Battery being finished, began early in the
+Morning to play upon the Castle, not only with the great Guns, but with
+forty small Mortars and Cohorns, which fired alternatively; the Enemy
+return'd the Fire very briskly from the Castle, the Fascine Battery, and
+the Shipping; but with no great Effect, excepting, that the Balls which
+miss'd the Battery, did some Damage in the Camp.
+
+_March_ the 23d, A Squadron of Men of War,[14] under the Command of
+Commodore _Lestock_, were order'd to cannonade the Castle of
+_Boca-Chica_, and the Enemy's Ships, which guarded the Mouth of the
+Harbour; but were obliged to drop their Anchors at so great a Distance,
+that their Shot had little or no Effect. After having suffer'd
+considerably from the Enemy's Fire, the Admiral sent them Orders to
+retire; tho' it was upon this Occasion enter'd in the Journals, and by
+Order, that the Breach was enlarg'd by the Fire from our Men of War;
+yet, in Fact, the Breach was not touch'd by one single Ball; such of the
+Shot as reach'd the Curtain, and the Face of the western Bastion, made
+little more than a slight Impression, and fell into the Ditch.
+
+A continual Fire, and with good Effect, was kept from the great Gun
+Battery, which the Enemy return'd very briskly, and but with too much
+Success: Mr. _Moor_, the principal Engineer, having been mortally
+wounded, as he was attentively considering the Effect of the Shot from
+his Battery.
+
+_March_ the 24th, a Detachment from the Fleet, composed of Sailors and
+Soldiers, commanded by Capt. _Watson_, made a second Attempt on the
+Fascine Battery, and enter'd it without the least Opposition; destroy'd
+the Carriages, Platforms, _&c._ Early in the Morning the General visited
+all the advanced Guards and Batteries, and towards the Evening
+reconnoitred the Breach, which he not thinking to be yet practicable,
+signify'd the same by Letter to the Admiral, who had vehemently pressed
+the Attack. The great Gun Battery fired during the whole Night
+alternatively with round and Grape Shot.[15]
+
+_March_ the 25th, the Breach being enlarged, and reported practicable by
+an Engineer, who had been sent to reconnoitre: It was resolved in a
+Council of War to make the Attack the same Evening.
+
+A Disposition having been prepared for that Purpose, and approved by the
+Council of War; at about half an Hour after five the Troops advanced
+towards the Fort. The Forlorn-Hope consisted of a Serjeant, and twelve
+Grenadiers, who were immediately followed by thirty Voluntiers; next
+march'd 260 Grenadiers (the whole then remaining) under the Command of
+Lieutenant-Colonel _Macloud_, and afterwards Colonel _Daniel_ at the
+Head of a Detachment of 500 Men, who had under his Direction some small
+Parties, carrying Scaling Ladders, broad Axes, Pick-axes and Spades, to
+be in Readiness in case of need: The whole was sustained by 500 Men,
+under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel _Cochrane_; and Brigadier
+_Blakeney_, the Brigadier of the Day, had the Direction of the Attack.
+Upon a Signal, which was, the Firing of three Bombs from the Mortar
+Battery, a Volley of round Shot was pour'd in upon the Breach, from the
+great Gun Battery, and was immediately followed by a second of Grape
+Shot, which obliging the Centinels upon the Walls to put themselves
+under Cover, probably occasioned their not having perceived the Troops,
+when they first began to move to the Attack; but some time before they
+reach'd the Foot of the Walls, the Drums in the Fort beat to Arms, the
+Top of the Breach was man'd, the Ships began to fire with Grape Shot,
+and several Shots were made from Fort St. _Joseph_, tho' without doing
+any other Execution, than the killing of one Man. The Commandant of the
+Fort being at that time on board one of the Ships, the Garrison fell
+into Confusion, and fled with Precipitation out of the Gate, as soon as
+the Grenadiers began to mount the Breach.[16]
+
+Soon after our Troops were in Possession of the Castle, the _Africa_ and
+St. _Carlos_ were sunk; and the St. _Philip_ being set on Fire (whether
+by the Enemy, or the red-hot Balls from the great Gun Battery, is
+uncertain) blew up very near to the Walls of the Castle; but without
+doing any Damage. When the Troops were moving towards the Breach, some
+arm'd Boats from the Fleet, commanded by Capt. _Knowles_, were perceived
+rowing towards the Mangroves; on what Design[17] was altogether a
+Secret to the General, he having not received the least Intimation of
+it. They had on board a Party of Soldiers and Sailors, who being landed
+on the _Barradera_ Side, marched (the former leading the Way) to the
+Shore, the nearest to Fort St. _Joseph_; when it was resolved to pass
+thro' the Water, and to make an Attempt upon it; but the Men, who were
+sent in to sound, not finding it practicable, and being discovered, the
+Enemy began to fire upon the Party with Grape Shot, which obliged them
+to retire under the Cover of the Bushes. The Commandant then proposed,
+that the Centinel should be civilly desired to admit them into the Fort;
+but the rest of the Officers not much depending on his Complaisance,
+advised the making a general Attack upon it with all the Boats; in
+Answer to which, it was alledged, that as three of the Enemy's Ships of
+War were already destroyed, and as Fort St. _Joseph_ lay under the Fire
+of the Castle, of which our Troops were then in Possession, such an
+Attempt would be quite unnecessary, as that Fort must on Course fall
+into our Hands: It was therefore resolved to go on board the nearest
+Ships, and there to wait for fresh Orders from the Admiral, which being
+come, the Commandant, in a short time, row'd towards the Fort, which he
+found abandoned, and enter'd it without the least Opposition.
+
+As soon as we had possessed ourselves of the Gate of the Castle, and
+that the Guards were posted, the General ordered out a Party of
+_Harrison_'s Grenadiers, with the proper Tools, under the Command of Mr.
+_Blane_ the Engineer, and of Mr. _Bennett_ (who first enter'd the
+Breach) to cut the End of the Boom adjoining to the Castle, which they
+did effectually about nine; and it was the Want of a Boat only that
+prevented the Landmen's seizing the _Galicia_, on board of which Capt.
+_Knowles_ rowed about twelve, and afterwards order'd a Party of Sailors
+to cut the other End of the Boom.
+
+_March_ the 26th, the General issued out the proper Orders, for
+reimbarking the Troops, Artillery, _&c._ in which Commodore _Lestock_,
+who remained with his Squadron at the Entrance into the _Lagoon_, was
+directed to be assisting.
+
+_March_ the 27th, the great Surf of the Sea prevented the Boats from
+coming into Shore, and retarded the Imbarkation of the Troops, _&c._ A
+Road was made from the grand Battery to _Boca-Chica_, for the more
+commodious Conveyance of the large Cannon. The Admiral's Ship, and some
+other Ships of War, having warped thro' the Channel, began to move up
+the Harbour.
+
+_March_ the 28th, _Harrison_'s and _Wentworth_'s Regiments, being
+order'd to strike their Tents, and to go on board their Transports, were
+prevented by the Surge of the Sea, and obliged to pitch them again near
+the Walls of the Castle. The _Weymouth_, and the _Cruizer_ Sloop, were
+sent to demolish two little Batteries on the _Passa-Cavallos_,[18]
+which they performed without Opposition, and likewise seized or
+destroyed such small Craft, as they found upon the _Lagoon_.
+
+_March_ the 29th, the two old Regiments, and some of the Stores, were
+put on board. All the Artillery and the Materials, which had been
+employed for erecting the great Battery, were placed upon the Shore in
+Readiness for Embarkation.
+
+_March_ the 30th, Colonels _Wolfe_ and _Robinson_'s Regiments embark'd,
+and all possible Diligence was used in getting on board the Stores and
+Artillery.
+
+A general Council of War was held on board the Admiral's Ship, wherein
+it was resolved to land the troops as soon as should be practicable,
+"_for the cutting off the Communication of the Town with the Country on
+the Land Side; and that the Artillery should be embark'd with all
+possible Expedition to proceed after them_." It was also resolved,
+"_that such Numbers of Soldiers, as the General should judge would be
+wanting for that Service, should be landed from the Fleet_."
+
+The Council of War, on this Occasion, might probably think it
+unnecessary to make any mention of what Share the King's Ships were to
+take in the Attack of the City, as it is believed, that not one of the
+Members could have the least Room to doubt of the Admiral's ordering in
+some large Men of War to batter the Town, as soon as the Channel should
+be laid open for their Admittance into the _Surgidero_; a Circumstance
+so much taken for granted, before we were in Possession of _Boca-Chica_
+Castle, that it was confidently affirmed (and by no inconsiderable
+Persons in the Navy) "that, after a Way should be laid open for the
+Ships into the Harbour, the Assistance of the Land Forces would be no
+longer wanted." The _Russel_, which had on board Sir _Chaloner Ogle_;
+the _Weymouth_, &c. turn'd up the Harbour, and cast Anchor not far from
+_Castillo Grande_.
+
+_March_ the 31st, Colonels _Lowther_ and _Wynyard_'s Regiments embark'd.
+The Cannon and Stores continued to be put on board.
+
+The Enemy seem'd to prepare for a vigorous Defence, by their having sunk
+the seven Galleons in the Channel leading to the _Surgidero_, and moor'd
+two large Men of War at the Entrance of it, which last having been
+likewise sunk during the Night, and _Castillo Grande_ in all Appearance
+abandoned; Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ order'd Captain _Knowles_, in the
+_Weymouth_, to stand in within Gun-shot, and to fire upon it; which
+being done for some time, without any Return, Boats were sent ashore,
+and the Castle was enter'd without Opposition; of which the Admiral
+having Notice, he order'd one hundred of the Soldiers, who were on board
+the King's Ships to remain there in Garrison.[19]
+
+Capt. _Laws_ was dispatched to _England_ in the _Spence_ Sloop, with an
+Account of the taking of _Boca-Chica_ Castle; notwithstanding the
+Instances used by both the General, and Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, to postpone
+sending, till it should be known, what would be the Success against the
+City; which, considering the Strength of the Enemy, that our Troops
+began to sicken, and that the rainy Season was then begun; could by no
+thinking Man be look'd upon to be otherwise, than doubtful.
+
+_April_ the 1st, Colonels _Moreton_, and _Grant_'s Regiments embarked.
+Captains _Griffin_ and _Renton_ being sent to reconnoitre the Channel;
+and observing that the Stern of the _Conquestador_ was afloat, they
+found Means to heave her round, and thereby opened a Passage for the
+Bomb-Vessels, and two twenty Gun-Ships. The Transports got through the
+Channel, and began to move up the _Lagoon_, but the Ordnance Ships still
+remained at the Entrance into the Harbour, the Artillery and the Stores
+being not yet all put on board.
+
+_April_ the 2nd, The General, with the greatest Part of the Transports,
+came to an Anchor near _Castillo Grande_. The Bomb Ketches began early
+in the Morning to play upon the Town, but were placed at too great a
+Distance, for the Shells to do much Damage.
+
+The Enemy set Fire to a _French_ Ship, which lay at Anchor near the
+Walls.[20]
+
+_April_ the 3d, all the Cannon and Mortars were got on board; but the
+Carriages, _&c._ still remained upon the Shore. The _Weymouth_ Man of
+War having passed the Channel, the Enemy fired upon her some random
+Shot; but she lay at too great a Distance to receive any Damage. Such
+_Americans_, as had served on Shore, as likewise the Negroes, imbarked
+this Day on their Transports.
+
+_April_ the 4th, a Council of War of Land Officers was held on board the
+_Dorsetshire_ Transport, wherein it was resolved, that the Troops should
+be landed the 5th at Break of Day; for which a Disposition having been
+prepared by the General, and then laid before the Members, was by them
+unanimously approved of. The _Weymouth_, the _Cruizer_ Sloop, and two or
+three Fireships, kept firing, during the Night, with Grapeshot into the
+Woods adjoining to where the Troops were to land.
+
+_April_ the 5th, the Troops, which were appointed first to land,
+amounting to about 1400 Men, under the Command of Brigadier _Blakeney_,
+rendezvous'd along Side of the _Weymouth_: At about five in the Morning,
+the General ordered Colonel _Grant_ to move towards the Shore with the
+Grenadiers, who having landed[21] without Opposition, and being
+immediately followed by the rest of the Troops, the whole was formed in
+the Order for marching against the Enemy. After having waited a short
+time, in Expectation of the 200 _American_ Soldiers, who were by the
+Disposition to have joined us with the working Tools; as likewise of the
+Negroes, and a Party of Matrosses, designed to attend eight Pattereroes;
+the General ordered the Grenadiers to enter the Wood, and Brigadier
+_Blakeney_ to sustain them at the Head of the old Regiments. Having
+reach'd the End of the Defillée, with the Loss of only one Man, by the
+Fire of a straggling Party, they halted, and signify'd to the General,
+that the Enemy appeared; who immediately advanced to the Head of the
+Grenadiers, and passed the Defillée: Where having carefully reconnoitred
+the Disposition of the Enemy, he ordered The Grenadiers to march, and to
+dislodge them. The Enemy, (as it was afterwards reported by Deserters)
+consisted of about 700 Men, and were drawn up on the Strand, in such a
+manner, as to cover the Road leading to the City, where they seem'd
+determined to expect us; the Ground over which the Troops were to march,
+did not admit of much more than one large Plattoon in front; the
+_Lagoon_ lying upon the left, and a thick Copse upon our right, into
+which the General ordered a Party of _American_ Soldiers, to fall upon
+the Rear of any small Parties, which might be lodged there, to flank us
+upon our March. The Grenadiers moved forward with great Alacrity, and
+having, with very little Loss, received two Fires from the Enemy, the
+front Plattoon gave their Fire at about the distance of half musquet
+Shot, and immediately wheel'd to the Right and Left to make room for the
+next to advance, whence the Enemy judging that the whole Body gave way,
+expressed their Joy by a loud Huzza; but being soon convinced of their
+Mistake, by the Fire of the following Plattoons, they fell into
+Confusion and fled towards the City.
+
+As soon as the proper Guards were posted, and the Troops put under Cover
+in the best manner which was practicable, in some Houses and Sheds
+adjoining to _La Quinta_; a Party was sent up the Hill to reconnoitre
+the Convent on _La Popa_, which they entered without Opposition, and
+made some Prisoners; an Officer's Guard was immediately ordered to take
+Possession of it.
+
+_April_ the 6th, the General accompany'd by Brigadier _Guise_, and the
+principal Engineer reconnoitred the City from the Convent of _La Popa_;
+and having at his Return assembled a Council of War, it was debated,
+whether the Fort should not be attacked the following Night, before the
+Enemy should have finished some Works upon the Hill, "which they were
+then carrying on with the utmost Diligence;" but as no Stores were yet
+landed from the Ordnance Ships, it was found necessary to postpone the
+Attack. Two twelve Pounders, Three three Pounders with fifty rounds of
+Powder and Ball, and five rounds of Grape-Shot, were put on Shore in the
+Evening[22]. Some _American_ Soldiers being landed from the Fleet, as
+likewise the Negroes and some working Tools, the Ground was begun to be
+cleared for the Encampment; but the excessive Heat not only retarded the
+Work, but proved fatal to most of the _Europeans_ who were there
+employed.
+
+_April_ the 7th, The Council of War being reassembled, and having
+received the Report of the principal Engineer, and likewise taken into
+Consideration, the Intelligence given by Deserters and Prisoners; they
+were of Opinion, that the Fort ought not to be attempted without having
+first raised a Battery, for which the principal Engineer was ordered to
+pitch upon the proper Ground, to draw a Scheme for putting that Design
+in Execution; and, as soon as should be practicable, to lay it before
+the Council. This their Resolution was the same Day communicated to the
+Admiral, to which was added as their Opinion, that the Success would be
+much facilitated, "if the Bomb-Vessels were ordered to Fire upon Fort
+St. _Lazar_, and likewise if one of the large Ships of War was brought
+in to batter it." The Admiral returned an Answer the same Evening, in
+which "he strongly expressed his Dislike to our waiting for a Battery",
+and declared, "that if the Council of War still persisted in their
+Resolution to raise one against so paltry a Fort, he would answer for
+it, that if the Engineer did but compleat it, the Enemy would not wait a
+minute for the Cannon;" but to that part of their Resolution, wherein is
+represented the Expediency of bombarding the Fort, and of sending in a
+large Ship to fire upon it, the Admiral "was not pleased to give any
+direct Answer."
+
+The Enemy continued to carry on their Works[23] upon the Hill, and
+brought some Pieces of Cannon to bear upon our advanced Guard, and upon
+the General's Quarters, but with very little Effect. The General
+signified to the Admiral by Letter, that he had endeavoured to cut off
+the Communication[24] of the City of _Carthagena_ with the Country, by
+the neck of Land lying upon the Sea, but found that any Detachment sent
+thither, would be intirely in the Enemy's Power, as being at too great a
+distance from the Camp to be sustained, nor had he any Boats on the
+Lake, for the supplying them with Provisions and Water; and proposed
+that some small Man of War, should be sent for that Purpose to lie near
+the Shore: The Admiral signified in his Answer, that he would order in a
+Ship and a Sloop.
+
+The Admiral was this Day pleased to put on Shore from the Men of War a
+further Detachment from the _Americans_;[25] but excepting 30 or 40,
+all that he would spare of Lord _James Cavendish_'s, and Colonel
+_Bland_'s Regiments, were already landed: Nor were these People sent on
+Shore, as the Author affirms in his Pamphlet, (Page 37) in consequence
+of any Representation made of the increasing Sickness, but of a demand
+of a Reinforcement from the Fleet; first made by the General, and
+afterwards by the Council of War, which was never fully complied with.
+
+_April_ the 8th, the Council of War being reassembled, it appear'd from
+the Report of the principal Engineer[26] that so large a Number of Men,
+and so much time would be wanting to cut thro' the Wood, and to raise a
+Battery, as in our Circumstances rendered it impracticable; the sickly
+Season was now come in, and the Water in the Cisterns began to grow low:
+There seeming therefore to be no Choice left, but either to make a bold
+Push for the surprising Fort St. _Lazar_, or to return on Board; it was
+resolved[27] to attempt it the next Morning, the scaling Ladders having
+been this Day put on Shore, and not before. What further determined the
+Council to come to this Resolution, was fresh Intelligence received from
+Deserters and Prisoners, confirm'd by the Observations of some of the
+Engineers, who had viewed the Fort very near, viz. _That the Walls were
+not too high for our Ladders; nor was there any Ditch at the foot of
+them_; (as had been before represented) _that the Road leading up the
+Hill on the right was broad, and of an easy Ascent; and that there was a
+wooden Door on the left of the Fort, which might be forced without much
+Difficulty_, and to which a Deserter offered himself as a Guide.
+
+A further Motive, perhaps might be of Weight with some of the Members,
+_viz._ the Admiral's vehemently pressing the Attack "without a Breach,"
+and his insisting that it was scarcely possible to miscarry in the
+Attempt. And in all probability, if the Attack had not been made, it
+might have been alledged and possibly credited at Home, that had the
+Experiment been tried, the City must have infallibly fallen into our
+Hands.
+
+The rest of the Day was employed in preparing for the Attack: In the
+Evening the Council of War being reassembled, a Disposition for it was
+laid before them, which having been examined and approved, was by the
+Brigade Majors immediately communicated to all the principal Officers.
+
+_April_ the 9th, the Troops appointed for the Attack, were order'd to
+parade on the Strand, at two in the Morning;[28] where having formed,
+they advanced towards the Fort, and a little before Break of Day, began
+to mount the Hill. But that Division, which was, by Order, to have gone
+up an open, accessible Road, which lay upon the Right of the Fort, was
+in the dark, by a fatal Mistake (as it was said of the Guide) led up the
+Center, where the Ascent is very steep, and the Ground broken: Some of
+the most forward gained the Top, and pushed on to the Enemy's
+Entrenchments; but not being immediately sustained, by Reason of the
+great Difficulty found in mounting the Hill, and that the rest of the
+Plattoons advanced slowly with the Street firing, they were most of them
+killed or wounded.
+
+Colonel _Grant_ very gallantly mounted the Hill upon the Left; but
+having immediately received a mortal Wound, and the Guide, with several
+others, being kill'd; the Officer, the next in Command, advanced no
+further, but continued on the Side of the Hill, till they were ordered
+to retire.
+
+As soon as the Day broke, and gave the General an Opportunity of viewing
+the Posture of the Assailants, and that of the Enemy, he sent a Message
+to Brigadier _Guise_, who commanded the Attack, signifying, that, if he
+could push forward, he should be sustained by 500 Men, who were
+accordingly ordered to advance; but it was then too late. The Troops
+were disheartened, and the Enemy's Numbers encreased every Instant, by
+pouring in fresh Men from the City, who had by that time assembled a
+Force upon the Hill equal, if not superior, to the Assailants. It was
+therefore found necessary to order a Retreat, which was made without
+further Loss, the five hundred Men abovementioned bringing up the Rear.
+The principal Engineer having proposed the raising a Breast-work at the
+advanced Guard, it was without Delay begun upon, and was in so great
+Forwardness by the next Morning, as to put the Men under Cover. A
+Cessation of Arms was agreed upon for a few Hours to bury the Dead.
+
+_April_ the 10th, The Sick and Wounded were sent on board; the
+Intrenchment at the advanced Guard was inlarged for the Reception of two
+Mortars, which were this Day conveyed thither.
+
+The Troops were under great Difficulties, not only from the Sickness,
+which hourly encreased, but from their Provisions not being regularly
+landed.
+
+_April_ the 11th, the two Mortars began to fire from the advanced Guard
+upon the Castle of St. _Lazar_, and with very good Effect.
+
+A Council of War was assembled, composed of Land Officers, who having
+carefully inquired into the State of the Forces on Shore, found them to
+be so much diminished by Sickness, and by the late Loss; and those, who
+were return'd, as fit for Duty, so much exhausted by the excessive Heat,
+and by Fatigue, that without a considerable Reinforcement from the
+Fleet, it would not be possible to go on with the Enterprize: This their
+Resolution was immediately communicated to the Admiral.
+
+_April_ the 12th, the Sickness amongst the Troops still encreasing,
+several of the principal Officers were seized with it, and the Water in
+the Cisterns began to be very low. The Admiral return'd an Answer to the
+Resolution of the Council of War of yesterday; which having been taken
+into Consideration by the principal Land Officers, assembled for that
+Purpose, they observed with great Surprize, that no mention was made of
+any Reinforcement to be sent from the Fleet; of which, having taken the
+proper Notice in their Answer, they desired, that the Admiral would
+issue out his Directions for imbarking the Cannon, _&c._ concluding from
+his Silence in so material a Point, that no Reinforcement was to be
+expected. But no mention was at that time made of bringing in Ships to
+cannonade the Town; as the Manner, in which a former Proposal of that
+Nature had been answered, gave little Room to hope for Success in
+repeating of it: Tho' perhaps it may not be difficult to make appear,
+that our great Ships lying unactive at a time when they might have been
+usefully employ'd,[29] was the principal Occasion of our not possessing
+ourselves of the City of _Carthagena_, and not the Miscarriage of the
+Attack of St. _Lazar_. For had we got Possession of it (as would
+probably have been the Case, if the Scheme for the Attack had been
+punctually executed) it does not follow, that the Town would have on
+Course surrender'd, or that they could have been compelled to it,
+without the Admirals assisting us with his whole Force; except we are to
+suppose, that the _Spaniards_, with a Garrison not inferior in Numbers
+to the Besiegers, would have tamely given it up into our Hands: for it
+is morally certain, that the Corps of Troops, which were then on Shore,
+must, by Sickness only, in a few Days have been reduced so low, as not
+to be able to bring off their Cannon.
+
+_April_ the 13th, great Numbers of Sick, both Officers and Soldiers,
+were sent on board the Transports.
+
+A Council of War was assembled on Shore, who took into Consideration a
+Letter from the Admiral, in Answer to their late Representation, and
+resolved, to desire without Delay to meet the Sea Officers in a general
+Council of War; which being signified to the Admiral, it was agreed to
+assemble the Day following on board the Admiral's Ship.
+
+_April_ the 14th, the Council of War being assembled, the General laid
+before the Members the real State of the Troops,[30] and declared, that
+he deemed it to be impracticable to go on with the Enterprize, without
+Assistance from the Fleet. The principal Engineer being called in, and
+examined, signify'd to the Council of War, the Places which he thought
+would be the most proper for erecting Batteries; to which he added, that
+no less than a Fortnight would be required for raising them, considering
+the many interruptions which must be expected from the Enemy, and the
+Sickness hourly increasing amongst the Troops; and that 1500 Men would
+be wanting for the proper Reliefs for that Service only; he further
+declared it to be his Opinion, that with the Troops now on Shore, the
+Siege could not be undertaken with any Probability of Success.
+
+The Admiral, without further Deliberation, going to put the Question,
+whether the Troops should be reimbark'd or not, Mr. _Wentworth_
+declared, that he could not give his Vote, till he should be informed
+what Assistance they were to expect from the Fleet; who, being
+interrupted by the Admiral with great Heat and Passion, and not with the
+most polite Language, made a proper Reply; to which the Admiral not
+being pleased to return any Answer, immediately left the Cabbin.
+
+The Debate was afterwards decently carry'd on, and the General having
+repeated his Question, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, and the other Sea Officers,
+who were Members of the Council of War, unanimously declared, that it
+would by no means, be adviseable to trust the Sailors on Shore, as they
+could be kept under no Command, and would soon disperse themselves in
+the Woods; to which Mr. _Vernon_ (who sat in the Gallery within hearing)
+added aloud, that some of them would soon ramble into _Carthagena_.
+
+The Admiral being returned to his Place at the Board, it was unanimously
+resolved to reimbark the Cannon and Land Forces with all possible
+Expedition.
+
+The Admiral, as President, drew up the Resolution of the Council of War,
+when it was observable, that he carefully avoided making the least
+mention of Assistance having been demanded from the Fleet.
+
+The Battery[31] of two ten inch Mortars, which was raised by Captain
+_Knowles_ on the Shore near to his Ship, began this Morning to Fire upon
+Fort St. _Lazar_, but was placed at so great a Distance as to have
+little or no Effect.
+
+_April_ the 15th, the Cannon, Stores and heavy Baggage, were put on
+Board.
+
+A Council of War of Land Officers being assembled, a Disposition was
+laid before them, for the Retreat,[32] which was approved of.
+
+_April_ the 16th, About Five in the Morning, the _Galicia_, commanded by
+Captain _Hoare_, began to canonade the Town with tolerable good Success;
+but he being exposed to a superior Fire, was obliged to cut her Cable;
+after having received several Shots in her Hull, had six Men killed, and
+56 wounded, she drove upon a Shoal, and was there burnt by the Admiral's
+Order.
+
+At Seven in the Evening, the Tents were struck, at Eight the Troops
+march'd from their Ground, and embarked in three Divisions on the Boats
+prepared to receive them. The Sickness amongst the Troops increased to
+so great a Degree, that any longer Continuance in that unhealthy
+Situation, seemed to threaten no less than their total Ruin; the General
+therefore, and the principal Land Officers, agreed to the Admiral's
+Proposal, for demolishing the Forts, _&c._ which commanded the Harbour;
+that being done, and Water taken in for the Voyage, the whole Fleet set
+sail for _Jamaica_.
+
+
+
+
+THE APPENDIX.
+
+
+I Shall only here remark some Mistakes, which the Author of the Pamphlet
+has been guilty of in his Appendix, both with regard to the
+Circumstances of the City of _Carthagena_, and to the Conduct of the
+Officers of the Army, whom he has been pleased basely to asperse,
+without any Grounds whatsoever. And I do appeal to the Gentlemen of the
+Navy, for the Truth of what I have advanced; which must be so evident to
+every impartial Person, who was there present, and gave the least
+Attention to what passed, that I should not have employed one Moment's
+Time, in replying to a Pamphlet, made up of glaring Falsehoods, Facts
+misrepresented, and mean personal Reflections, to which the Author does
+not put his Name; was I not in Hopes, that by laying before the Publick
+an exact Account of the Transactions before _Carthagena_, in some
+Measure to remove (from those who cannot otherwise be informed of the
+Truth) the Prejudices which are so industriously propagated in that
+scurrilous Libel; not solely with a View to calumniate a few brave Men,
+who after many Hazards are return'd home to their native Country; but by
+invidious Distinctions, to set at variance the Army and the Navy, which
+can have no other End but to obstruct his Majesty's Service, whenever
+the Fleet and Land Forces shall act in Conjunction.
+
+As for the City itself (says the Author) Nature has fortified it against
+any Attempt by Sea, the Water shoaling near a League off, and being
+plentifully bounded with Rocks; besides the Sea is very seldom smooth,
+so that it is difficult at all times landing.
+
+There are Pilots, who have been long accustomed to that Coast, who
+affirm that there is depth of Water sufficient for large Ships to anchor
+(even on that Side) near enough to batter the Town: The only Difficulty
+arises from the Swell of the Sea; but that much abates, whenever the
+Wind blows for any Time off Shore.
+
+The Ravelin here mention'd can only subsist in the Author's Imagination;
+there is no other Defence between the two Bastions, (which are very
+distant from each other,) excepting a low Wall not flank'd; a
+Circumstance of which very good Use might be made, if upon the Swell's
+being abated, Boats could be sent in there to put Troops on Shore.
+
+There were two large Men of War moored to defend the Entrance of
+_Boca-grande_, but that there was a Fascine Battery begun upon each
+Point, seems to be a Secret only known to the Author; for no Mention was
+made of any such during our Stay upon that Coast, nor upon reconnoitring
+that Entrance into the Harbour, could the least Traces of them be
+perceiv'd.
+
+The little _Fort de Chamba_ was not finish'd, nor had upon it one Gun;
+nor was there the least Appearance of one, on what the Author is pleased
+(Page 49.) to call a Fascine Battery of twelve Guns: From same Fascines
+being placed in order upon the Shore, it was believed that the Enemy had
+Thoughts of erecting a Battery on that Place.
+
+The Author's Description of _Boca-Chica_ Castle, _&c._ seems to be
+tolerably exact, and I cannot omit to remark the justness of his
+Expression, when he mentions the Bomb Vessels being got near enough to
+divert the Town; for in Truth they were posted at so great a Distance,
+that they seem'd to be sent in with no other Intention.
+
+That the City of _Carthagena_ is to the Land-side, fortify'd by double
+Walls, and double Ditches, flank'd by strong Bastions, is an undoubted
+Truth; but I must dissent from what the Author alledges, of the Water at
+the Head of the Harbour, being shoal so far off, that Ships cannot come
+near enough to do Execution with their Guns. Experienced Pilots, and
+Masters of trading Vessels, who have been much conversant in that
+Harbour, do (and will when Occasion requires it) testify the contrary;
+but nothing can be a stronger Proof of there being sufficient depth of
+Water for our largest Ships, than that the Station of the _Spanish_
+Galleons, is very near the Walls, for the Convenience of taking in their
+Lading. It is well known, that Monsieur _Ponti_ sent in his Men of War
+(amongst which was the _Sceptre_ of eighty-four Guns) to batter the
+City, and with so good an Effect, as in a short Time to oblige them to
+surrender.
+
+But a still more recent Proof of there being sufficient depth of Water,
+is the celebrated Admiral _Vernon_'s having ordered in the _Galicia_, a
+_Spanish_ Man of War of sixty-six Guns: This Vessel was fitted up for
+battering in a very extraordinary Manner: _Merlons, or Cases, six Feet
+thick, rammed with Earth, or Sand, were formed between the Port-holes_,
+which occasioned her drawing more Water, than any of our eighty Gun
+Ships; notwithstanding, with her sixteen Guns mounted, _only_, she did
+considerable damage to the City, before she could be demolished.
+
+That the _Spaniards_ have no great Dependance upon this supposed
+Shoalness of the Water, is very evident from their having lately erected
+a Battery of forty large Pieces of Cannon, for the defence of the Town
+on the Side towards the Harbour; a very unnecessary Expence, if the
+Water is there so shoal as to prevent the near Approach of our large Men
+of War.
+
+From the Author's own Description, the Fort of St. _Lazar_ appears to be
+no such trifling Redoubt, as he would insinuate; had he approached near
+enough to take an exact View of it (which probably he did not) he must
+have observed that the Hill is near double the Height he mentions, and
+that the Eminence opposite to it (which, if Cannon could have been
+convey'd thither, was certainly a very proper Place for the erecting a
+Battery) is pretty much upon a Level with the Ground upon which the
+Castle stands.
+
+That the Enemy began their Works upon the Hill, immediately after we
+were in Possession of _Boca-Chica_ (if not upon the first Appearance of
+the Fleet,) is a Fact well known, both to the Army and to the Navy; nor
+was it in the power of the Former to interrupt their Progress till the
+proper Materials were landed; but how far that might have been done, by
+sending in two or three of his Majesty's large Ships, the Gentlemen of
+the Sea are the most proper Judges.
+
+That the Side of the Castle of _St. Lazar_, which is next the Town,
+could not be defenceless, must be evident to every Reader, from the
+Circumstance of its being next the Town, and consequently defended by
+all the Works on that Quarter, particularly by an Half-moon, which is
+erected about half Musket-Shot from it.
+
+If the Enemy's Numbers (as the Author alledges, page 54.) amounted to
+4000 Men, the Troops which were landed, and never exceeded 4350 Rank and
+File, could but have little Prospect of forcing them amidst their strong
+Fortifications; nor did the General and Principal Officers ever propose
+it to themselves, otherwise than by the help of the whole Force on board
+the Fleet, which was actually promised, as soon as a Passage should be
+opened for the Ships into the Harbour; how performed, the unhappy Issue
+but too plainly makes appear.
+
+The Enemy's Engineers, Cannoniers, _&c._ acquitted themselves very well,
+and ours did the same, nor was there amongst them one single instance of
+Cowardice or Desertion; would the Author be pleased to put his Name to
+so base an Aspersion cast upon them, there are of the few surviving, who
+are well able to convince him of his Mistake.
+
+It is roundly alledged, that excepting two Regiments, the whole body of
+Troops which came from _England_, were quite raw and undisciplined; how
+far this is a Fact known to every one, will appear, by minutely entering
+into their Circumstances.
+
+As a Foundation for forming a Corps of Troops fit for immediate Service,
+his Majesty was pleased to direct a Draught to be made from the Foot
+Guards, of the best disciplined Corporals and private Men, to be
+appointed Marine Serjeants, as likewise 300 private Centinels well
+instructed in the Use of their Arms, to be placed to every Marine
+Regiment, who were for that Purpose draughted from all the old Corps in
+_Britain_; by which Means each of the Marine Regiments was actually
+supply'd with a Number of well-disciplin'd Men, not much short of the
+_Irish_ Corps before the Augmentation.
+
+The Colonels of the six Regiments of Marines were old Officers, who had
+all (excepting one) served abroad in the last War.
+
+Such were the greatest Part of the Lieutenant Colonels and Majors. The
+Captains were either Gentlemen of Service taken from the Half-Pay, or
+from the Independent Companies at _Jamaica_; such as had been long
+inured to the Climate of the _West-Indies_, or Subaltern Officers of
+long standing in the old Corps, whom his Majesty honour'd with the
+Command of Marine Companies. The first and second Lieutenants were
+either Ensigns taken out of the old Corps, Cadets, who had for some time
+carry'd Arms, or young Gentlemen, whose Quality and Interest very justly
+entituled them to Preferment. To these the Author has added a third
+imaginary Class, of _abandoned Wretches of the Town, whose Prostitution
+had made them useful on some dirty Occasion, and by Way of Reward were
+provided for in the Army_. I call upon the _Author_ to point out one
+single Man, who was sent out in those Corps, deserving of that
+Character; if he does not (as I am well assured he cannot) what
+Character he himself richly deserves, will easily occur to the Reader.
+
+That few of the Inferior Officers had ever before served against an
+Enemy, is undoubtedly Fact, nor after thirty Years Peace, could it
+possibly be otherwise; but their Behaviour during the Incampment in the
+Isle of _Wight_, evidently made it appear that they were not deficient
+in Discipline; nor when they came to face the Enemy, could the oldest,
+and most experienced Officers expose their Persons with greater
+Gallantry and Chearfulness.
+
+That most of the Officers, who had served long and well, got themselves
+knock'd on the Head by teaching a young and raw Army, is in Fact false;
+for both old and young equally shared the Hazard and Fatigue; nor did
+one single Officer or Soldier loose his Life, excepting in the
+Performance of his own Duty.
+
+What an Heap of _Billingsgate_ does the Author employ (pag. 56.) to
+vilify the _American_ Regiment? _The Officers_ (he affirms) _were in
+particular composed of Blacksmiths, Taylors, and all the Banditti that
+the Country affords_. Had he been so candid as to have informed himself
+of those Gentlemens true Characters, he would have known, that the Field
+Officers were all Men of long Service, named by his Majesty, and sent
+from _Britain_: That the Companies were chiefly raised by the Interest,
+and at the Charge of their respective Captains; of whom some were
+Members of the Assemblies in the Provinces where they resided; others
+liv'd upon their own Plantations, and had Commands in the Militia; and
+some few of them had been concerned in Traffick. His Majesty was pleased
+to send to _North-America_ thirty young Gentlemen, under the Direction
+of Brigadier _Blakeney_, who were to serve in that Corps as Lieutenants;
+they had carried Arms either in the old Corps at home, or in the
+_Scotish_ Regiments in the _Dutch_ Service, and were most of them
+Cadets of good Families in _North Britain_.
+
+The rest of the Subaltern Officers were recommended by the Governors,
+and by the Gentlemen of the first Rank in the Provinces where the
+Companies were raised; and were either younger Sons of the principal
+Families, bred to no particular Profession, or such of them as had been
+brought up to the Law, to Merchandize, or who had served at Sea.
+
+It is certain, that the greatest Part of the private Soldiers, who were
+inlisted in _North-America_, were either _Irish_ (and many of those
+suspected to be Papists) or _English_, who had been under a Necessity of
+quitting their Native Country. As the Levy was made in Haste, there was
+neither Time for strictly examining into their respective Circumstances,
+nor for their being well-disciplin'd before they joined the Army; whence
+it became in a great Measure, necessary to employ them chiefly on board
+the Fleet.
+
+Tho' this infamous Libel appears to be levell'd against that Corps of
+_Land Forces in general_, yet the Author is pleased more eminently to
+distinguish the Engineers, _&c._ belonging to the Train; he very roundly
+affirms, that _worse never bore the Name, nor could be pick'd out of
+all_ Europe.
+
+The principal Engineer (Mr. _Moor_) was deservedly esteemed for his
+Bravery, his Capacity and Skill in his Profession; the Battery, on which
+he was killed, viewing the Effects of the Shot thro' an Embrasure, was
+well constructed, and fully answered the End for which it was raised: He
+had served with Applause in the Defence of _Gibraltar_, one of the
+principal Fortresses in _Europe_, which was attacked by an Army of
+40,000 Men, composed of the best Troops in _Spain_, and batter'd by 100
+Pieces of large Cannon; yet this Army was by the gallant Defence of the
+Garrison obliged to retire, after having been almost totally ruin'd at
+this _simple_ Siege, as the Author of the Pamphlet is pleased to stile
+it.
+
+Mr. _Armstrong_, the Gentleman who succeeded as principal Engineer on
+the Death of Mr. _Moor_, had all the Experience, which could possibly be
+acquired in Time of Peace, having been continually employ'd during
+sixteen Years in the different Works about this Kingdom; nor could any
+Person whatsoever perform his Duty, with greater Attention, or more
+chearfully expose his Person, whenever he thought his Presence could in
+any wise contribute to the publick Service.
+
+It is certain, that no more than two of the Sub-Engineers had ever
+served in the Face of an Enemy; which surely ought not to be imputed to
+them as a Fault, when, after so long a Peace, few or none so qualified
+were remaining: But nothing had been omitted by those Gentlemen to
+repair their Want of Experience both by their Application to the Study
+of their Profession at home, and by visiting the Fortifications in
+Foreign Parts; and when on real Service, it was very evident that they
+spared no Endeavours to make up that Deficiency by their Diligence and
+gallant Behaviour: Nor is there the least Room to doubt, but that the
+few who have returned from that fatal Expedition, will, whenever they
+shall be called upon, be found qualified to do effectual Service to
+their Country.
+
+Colonel _Watson_'s Merit and long Services very justly entituled him to
+the Command of the Train on the late Expedition; nor did his Age (as the
+Author insinuates) ever prevent his Attendance upon his Duty; in the
+Performance of which he lost his Life by a Shot which glanced from a
+Tree, at some Distance from the Battery.
+
+His Successor, a brave blunt Soldier (who can never be pardoned for
+boldly speaking the Truth) was so far from being rendered unfit for his
+Duty, that no Man attended it with more Diligence; from the first
+Opening the Battery before _Boca-Chica_, he scarcely ever left it, even
+for necessary Refreshment, till the Castle was taken.
+
+Who could be so proper to be inlisted for Cannoniers, Bombardiers, _&c._
+as Country Fellows? but those Country Fellows (as the Author is pleased
+to call them) were disciplin'd Men, capable of doing their Duty; in
+which they wanted no Aid, till Death and Sickness had reduced them so
+low, that it was necessary they should be reinforced both from the Army
+and the Fleet. The extraordinary Conference mentioned by the Author
+(page 56.) to have been held between the General and them, I can safely
+affirm, has not the least Foundation.
+
+That many of the Bomb-Shells broke in the Air, from some Defect in their
+Fusees, or never broke at all, is undoubtedly Fact; which probably was
+occasioned by Damage they had received at Sea, and which could not be
+repaired, as we had neither Time nor Convenience for it, before their
+being wanted for Service. The Grenado-Shells were of the same Sort, of
+the very same Dimensions with those usually issued out from the Office
+of Ordnance; nor was there ever before the least mention made of their
+having been deficient. The Reason given for their not breaking is no
+great Proof of the Author's Skill, as an Engineer; for it is well known,
+that one single Ounce of Gunpowder is sufficient (if properly confined)
+to rend in Pieces a Stone weighting several Tuns.
+
+The eight twenty-four Pounders, put on board for the Use of the
+Expedition, were all landed at _Boca-Chica_ fit for Service, and were
+there actually made use of upon the Battery, where two of them were
+rendered unserviceable.
+
+One hundred Baulks, and three hundred Battery Planks, were by an Order
+from the Board of Ordnance, bearing date, _May_ 1740, issued out of the
+Stores, and imbark'd for the Use of the Expedition; but Lord _Cathcart_,
+having after the Imbarkation of the Troops, been informed that no
+further Supply could be had in the _West-Indies_, tho' the contrary had
+been represented to the Board of Ordnance; He applied for an Addition of
+one hundred Baulks, and 300 Planks, which were put on board before the
+Fleet sailed; as were likewise 4050 Hand-bills, his Lordship deeming the
+1000 already provided not to be sufficient.
+
+Upon the whole, nothing could more demonstrate the Goodness of this
+Army, than the Service they performed, not only amidst the almost
+insuperable Difficulties, which arose from the Climate, but labouring
+under the utmost Distresses and Discouragements from a Quarter, whence
+the Reverse ought justly to have been expected. Were the Instruments
+imploy'd on the late Expedition such as the Author of the Pamphlet is
+pleased to describe, there would be no great Difficulty in accounting
+for its Miscarriage; the which, Lord _Cathcart_ (had he lived) could
+probably not have prevented: but as it does, I think, evidently appear,
+that what the Author has advanced to the Prejudice of the Land Forces,
+is false and groundless, and that they performed whatever was possible
+for them to do in their Situation, our Misfortunes are to be ascribed to
+some other Cause; they were, without Doubt, principally occasioned by
+the Climate. What further may have contributed, nothing would set in a
+more clear Light, than an exact and faithful Account of every
+Transaction, not only during the Time of the Troops lying before
+_Carthagena_, but to that of their being recalled. Such an Account
+cannot but be very acceptable to all those who had a Share in that
+unfortunate Expedition, and had no other End in View but the publick
+Service. And, I am well assured, to none more than to the Gentleman, on
+whom the Command devolved by the Death of Lord _Cathcart_, who has all
+possible Reason to desire, that his whole Conduct may undergo the
+strictest Scrutiny.
+
+I cannot conclude without remarking, as something extraordinary, the
+Justice done by the Author in his last Paragraph to the common Soldiers;
+but which is surely no less due to the Officers, who led them on, and by
+following whose brave Example, they gave evident Proofs, that they
+wanted not for Courage and Resolution becoming _Englishmen_.
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 1: The principal Council of War, consisted of the two eldest
+Officers of the Army, of the two eldest Officers of the Navy, and of the
+Governor of _Jamaica_, whenever he could be present. It was the Province
+of this Council to determine what Enterprizes should be undertaken.]
+
+[Footnote 2: _Vide_ Note (_a_) in the late Pamphlet, entituled, _An
+Account of the Expedition to_ Carthagena.]
+
+[Footnote 3: Upon its being first debated, whether an Attempt should be
+made on _Carthagena_, the General declared, that, as he was a Stranger
+in those Seas, he had no Knowledge of the then present State of that
+City; and that he should join with the Admiral in his Opinion; not
+doubting of his being well inform'd of every Circumstance relating to
+the Entry into the Harbour, the Strength of the Garrison, _&c._]
+
+[Footnote 4: In relating this Transaction (_vide_ P. 7. note Letter _c_)
+the very candid Author of the Account of the Siege of _Carthagena_, is
+pleas'd to affirm, that _the General landed with a Body of 800
+Grenadiers, but not thinking them sufficient, reimbark'd, and sent for
+more_: There was not the least Step taken, which could give Colour for
+such an Assertion; excepting that Capt. _Dennet_, who commanded General
+_Harrison_'s Grenadiers, being apprehensive, that the General would give
+those of his own Regiment the Honour of landing first, push'd forward
+without Orders, and leaped on Shore with five or six Men: which the
+General perceiving, and that the rest of the Boats began to move in
+Confusion towards the Beach; he order'd those who had landed, (who were
+only _Dennet_, and the few Men abovementioned) to reimbark, and with the
+rest of the Boats to lay along-side of the _Norfolk_ and _Russel_, there
+to wait for the Arrival of the Companies, which were still wanting: Nor,
+had all the Companies of Grenadiers, been compleat to a Man, could they
+have exceeded 648 Officers included: but that was far from being the
+Case; for not only _Robinson_'s Grenadiers were then absent, having been
+separated from the Fleet, but the rest were at that Time so far reduced
+by Sickness, as not to amount to 400 Men, as it will appear from the
+Adjutant's Books.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Had the Author of the Account, (_vide_ Note _d_,) been
+present on Shore, where probably he was not, he might have observed that
+all possible Diligence was used, to put the Men under Cover; and if he
+is in any wise capable of judging of military Operations at Land, he
+must have known that the Camp could not have been so properly formed in
+any other Place, for carrying on the Attack on the Castle of
+_Boca-Chica_; nor, if advanced higher into the Woods, could it have been
+supplied with Water, or the Tents pitch'd on that rocky Soil, which will
+not admit of the driving down a Tent Pin; but setting aside that
+Difficulty, how the Tents could have been pitch'd without cutting down
+the Trees, from whose Shade, as the Author alledges, the Soldiers would
+have been so much benefited, I really do not comprehend; nor would they
+have been less exposed to the Enemy's Shot, excepting they had incamped
+out of the Reach of it, which could not have answered the End proposed
+by their Landing.]
+
+[Footnote 6: Mr. _Moor_ was of Opinion, that if an Opening should be
+made through the Wood from the Camp to the _Lagoon_, where the Enemy's
+Ships of War lay at Anchor, it might be a means of directing their fire:
+That the Admiral sollicited the General to continue this Coupure, is, I
+believe, true; but that it would have answer'd the Purposes mention'd in
+the latter part of the Note (_f_) in the Pamphlet, is not so evident. As
+the Enemy was in Possession of the _Lagoon_, they would not surely send
+Succours cross the _Boca-Grande_, (where Ships were posted to observe
+their Motions) thence with Hazard to pass the _Tierra Bomba_; which
+Succours could be conveyed by the way of the Harbour, without Danger or
+Interruption: nor could that Coupure be of the least Use to enable us to
+observe what passed in the Harbour, of which we daily received Accounts
+from the abovementioned Ships, or from our small Parties; nor, if there
+was Danger to be apprehended from the Enemy's Incursions, (which there
+was not) could this Coupure have prevented them, as it was not much less
+than 1000 Paces from the Castle of _Boca-Chica_.]
+
+[Footnote 7: The Communication between the Mortar-Battery and the Camp
+(_vide_ Letter _g_ in the Pamphlet) was covered from the Shot of the
+Castle by a rising Ground, nor was one Man killed during the whole Time
+in passing between that and the Camp, nor did one single Shot take Place
+in it from the Fascine Battery, from which it was in great Measure
+secured by its natural Situation, which was help'd by a Parapet. Several
+of the Bombs most certainly broke in the Air, without any Effect; which
+was possibly occasioned by the splitting of the Fuzees, in driving them
+into the Shells. Nor (notwithstanding what the Author is pleased to
+advance) did we suffer much from those thrown by the Enemy; one of which
+fell near the Mortar-Battery, and killed 6 or 7 Men; a few took Place in
+the Artillery-Park, (whither they were chiefly directed) damaged some
+Casks of working Tools, and two or three Carriages; but the greatest
+Part of them were either extinguished by falling into the Water, or
+buried themselves so deep in the Sand, as to break without any ill
+Effect whatsoever.]
+
+[Footnote 8: Fascines and Pickets (_vide_ the beginning of the Note _f_)
+had not only been cut during the Fleet's watering at _Hispaniola_, but
+after our landing on _Tierra Bomba_, all possible Diligence was daily
+used, to compleat the Number required for erecting the Batteries.
+Nothing can be more absurd than to imagine that so skilful an Engineer,
+as was Mr. _Moor_, could be so widely mistaken as to the Quantity. As
+soon as the Ground was cleared, and proper Works thrown up to cover the
+Workmen, he began with such Materials as were ready, and had from the
+Fleet no other Assistance than 18 Carpenters for laying the Platforms;
+the Seamen were employed, (and that was properly their Province) in
+landing the Stores and Cannon; in getting the latter up to the Battery,
+and they afterwards assisted in firing of it; (most of the Gunners being
+at that time either Dead, or disabled by Sickness) besides 150 of them
+were for one or two Days employed to cut Fascines, but were so
+ungovernable as to be of little Service.
+
+How far the Author may be qualified to judge of the Knowledge of the
+Sub-Engineers, Time may discover; was Mr. _Moor_ still living, he could
+well answer for the Construction of his Battery. He rais'd it not
+exactly parallel to the Face where the Breach was made, for a very
+powerful Reason: to prevent its being flank'd from the _Barradera_
+Battery, and by that means preserved the Lives of a great many Men, who
+must otherwise have been lost. It is not improbable, that the Author
+believ'd the Line of Communication, between the great Gun-Battery and
+the Camp, to have been expos'd to the Enemy's Shot, and therefore never
+came near it; or he must have known that it was neither enfiladed from
+the Castle, nor the Shipping, and that the few Men who were killed
+there, fell by Shot which glanced from the Trees, and did not exceed 7
+or 8 during the whole Time the Troops lay before the Castle. (_vide_
+Note _b_)]
+
+[Footnote 9: The Troops were certainly annoyed in their Camp by the
+Enemy's Cannon, and particularly by the Fascine Battery: an
+Inconvenience which, in their Circumstances, was absolutely necessary to
+be supported, as by their removing to so great a Distance, as to be out
+of the reach of their Shot, the great Gun-Battery must have been expos'd
+to be insulted, which would at least have for some Time retarded the
+taking of the Castle, if not oblig'd us to retire.
+
+The base Insinuation relating to the Troops being moved without regular
+Orders, is absolutely groundless: The Independants from _Jamaica_, not
+arriving till after the Camp was formed, they were ordered to clear the
+Ground upon the Left, and there to pitch their Tents; where 200
+_Americans_, and part of Lord _James Cavendish_'s and of Col. _Bland_'s
+Regiments, joined them from the Fleet. To make the more Room for the
+Artillery-Park, _Harrison_'s Regiment was, by Order, removed to the same
+Ground; as afterwards were those Regiments, which were the most exposed
+to the Fire from the Fascine Battery, and had suffered greatly in their
+Tents, Arms, _&c._ Nor, till then, did any of the General Officers
+remove to the new Encampment; which was indeed in some Measure covered
+by a Rock from the Fire of the Fascine Battery, but was not the less
+exposed to that from the Shipping and the Castle, by which Lieutenant
+Col. _Sandford_ and several others there lost their Lives.]
+
+[Footnote 10: Nothing can be more false than what the Author of the
+Pamphlet asserts in his Note (_e_) of no Application having been made,
+nor any particular Scheme form'd for landing the Cannon and Stores.
+_March_ the 10th, the Day after the Grenadiers had taken Possession of
+the two Forts, the General went in Person on board the Admiral to
+concert Measures with him for putting on Shore the Cannon, Ammunition,
+_&c._ and was by him, the Admiral, informed, that a Captain of a Man of
+War appointed for that Service, was gone on board the Ordnance Ships to
+give the proper Directions; the General, without Delay, order'd his
+Barge to row thither, and signify'd to the said Captain (who is since
+dead) both the Quantity and Species of Stores proper to be landed; and
+at the same time particularly mentioned to him the Inconvenience which
+would attend the putting on Shore more than were necessary for present
+Service. Notwithstanding (probably from the Want of Time and Means for
+sorting the Stores, _&c._) whatever first came to hand, was thrown into
+the Boats, sent to Shore, and confusedly cast upon the Beach. Whence
+they were removed by Matrosses and Soldiers appointed for that Service,
+and secured in the best Manner our Circumstances would admit of; but
+(excepting that some of the Powder received Damage from its having been
+placed by the Sailors upon the Shore within the Reach of the Surf of the
+Sea) none of the Stores were wash'd away, which indeed might possibly
+have happen'd, if timely Care had not been taken to prevent it.]
+
+[Footnote 11: This bold and surprising Enterprize (as the Author of the
+Pamphlet is pleased to stile it in his Note _i_) seems to be celebrated
+with all the Rhetorick he is Master of: It is observable, that he makes
+no mention of the two hundred Soldiers, who were detached on the same
+Occasion, which possibly he may have forgot; as likewise, that, tho' by
+the Admiral's Disposition, the Soldiers were posted in the Rear; when
+landed, they were called for to advance, and a Lane made for their
+passing towards the Front, which probably might be occasioned by their
+being armed more properly than the Sailors, for returning the Fire of
+the Enemy's small Arms. I cannot, without doing Injustice to Capt.
+_Washington_, the Honourable Mr. _Murray_, and to the rest of the Land
+Officers, who were detach'd on this Occasion, join with the Author in
+passing over their gallant Behaviour in Silence; nor would I be wanting
+in the Praises due to Capt. _Boscawen_, Capt. _Watson_, Capt. _Coates_,
+&c. who commanded the Sailors, who, as they have ever done, performed
+their Duty with great Bravery and Resolution, and particularly
+Lieutenant, now Captain _Forrest_, who, with the foremost, enter'd the
+Battery Sword in Hand; the Enemy having fled with Precipitation into the
+Woods, and the Soldiers being posted upon the Avenues, the Seamen set
+about spiking the Guns, destroying the Carriages, and tearing up the
+Platforms; but one of them having imprudently put Fire to the Guard
+House, they were discovered by the Enemy, and consequently exposed to
+the Fire from the Castle, _&c._ the Commandant therefore thought it
+advisable to retire, before the Battery could be effectually
+demolish'd.]
+
+[Footnote 12: Two or three Boats were observed to pass between the
+Castle and the _Barradera_ Battery (not hundreds of Men as the Author
+alledges in Note _l_) who carry'd People sufficient so far to repair the
+Damage, which had been done, as in a short time to renew the Fire; an
+evident Proof both to the Army, and to the Navy, that the Battery had
+not been effectually demolish'd.
+
+That the Army had work'd to some purpose (tho' the Author insinuates the
+contrary) plainly appears from their having made two Coupures thro' the
+Woods, cut the Fascines and Pickets, raised the Battery, and conveyed
+thither the Stores and Ammunition; in which last they had some
+Assistance from the Sailors, and not a great deal from the Negroes. Had
+the Army the least Room for Resentment before, the sixty Gun Ship was
+sent in to interrupt the Enemy's repairing the Fascine Battery, any
+Thing she perform'd, could by no Means cool it; for the fired at so
+great a Distance, as to give the Enemy very little Disturbance.]
+
+[Footnote 13: The Author of the Pamphlet, in his extraordinary Note,
+Letter (_m_) mentions, _five hundred Sailors to have been employed in
+erecting the Battery_, tho' in Fact the Navy contributed to it, only 18
+Carpenters. He adds, that, "_as more Time and Men were employed in it
+than were necessary, much Execution may be expected therefrom_." What
+more could be expected from it, than forcing the Enemy to abandon the
+Castle? "_but the Engineers could not out-do themselves; they erected
+the Battery in a Wood_." They might not out-do themselves, but they
+certainly did perfectly well; for by erecting their Battery under the
+Cover of the Wood, many Mens Lives were saved, and the Work was carried
+on without the Enemy's being able to interrupt their Progress.
+
+He is likewise pleased to condemn them _for not clearing more Ground
+than was necessary_; a Circumstance, which, I should think, rather
+deserves his Approbation, as they avoided, improperly, to fatigue the
+Workmen, but this Caution, it seems was used, that the Enemy might not
+see the Army; if such a Sight would have given the Enemy any
+Satisfaction, I much doubt; or whether it would have answer'd to have
+obliged them at the Expence of cutting down 600 or 700 Paces of thick
+Wood, which intercepted their View of the Camp; but that the Army did
+not decline either then, or on any other Occasion, to look the Enemy in
+the Face, there have been too evident Proofs. No Man, who saw the
+Position of the Battery, could have the least Room to doubt of its
+bearing upon the Castle, as soon as a narrow Screen of Wood, which
+cover'd it, should be cut away. What is alledged, that no Guns could be
+brought to bear upon the Enemies Shipping, is absolutely false; there
+were no less than seven, of which two were thought sufficient for that
+Purpose, which fir'd red hot Balls, and did good Execution. It is most
+certain, that if no Epaulment had been thrown up, the Battery might have
+been rak'd, which was easily foreseen, and timely prevented. The Sailors
+behaved well, and would have done better, had they been more under
+Direction; but they did no more than their Duty, either in assisting to
+erect the Battery, in which they had but a very small Share, or in
+firing of it, as they were expressly order'd so to do by his Majesty.
+Without all Doubt it was Mr. _Moor_'s Intention to batter the western
+Face of the Bastion, and to beat down its Defences, which was evident,
+not only from the Construction, but from the Effect of the Battery. I
+must own I cannot but admire at the Author's Conclusion, that the
+Success was owing to Chance, because, if the Enemy had cleared more
+Ground round the Castle, the Undertaking would have been more difficult.
+I readily join with him, that it would have been so; tho' in the
+Beginning of this Note, the Engineers are condemn'd for making the best
+Advantage of the Wood, which the Enemy had so imprudently left standing.
+"The Engineers could by no Means out-do themselves; the Battery was
+constructed in a Wood."]
+
+[Footnote 14: In the Note, Letter (_o_), it is alledged, that the
+Admiral sent in these Ships to oblige the General; The Truth of the Fact
+is this; The Ground over which the Troops were to march to attack the
+Breach, being flank'd both from Fort St. _Joseph_, and from the Fascine
+Battery, it was, _March_ the 22d, resolved in a Council of War, composed
+of Land Officers, to represent that Circumstance to the Admiral, and
+that they deem'd the Breach could not be attempted, without great Loss,
+from the Fire of Fort St. _Joseph_, and the Fascine Battery, if some
+Means could not be used by the Fleet to divert their Fire. The Day
+following, the Admiral signify'd to the General by Letter, "_That he had
+formed a Plan for bringing in the Men of War to make a general Attack on
+the Enemy's Forts and Batteries_"; to which he adds, "_that nothing but
+the Necessity of the Case can justify us in these Resolutions, as it is
+against our Judgment, as Seamen_." After the Opening of the great Gun
+Battery, the Castle Guns, which bore upon the Camp, were soon silenced;
+but it was apparent, even to Land-Men, that our Men of War could do
+little or no Damage to those of the Enemy's Shipping, which, at that
+time, began to be made very uneasy by the red-hot Balls from the great
+Gun Battery.]
+
+[Footnote 15: It may be remark'd (_Vide n. q._) though perhaps not as a
+Thing very extraordinary, that either the Author of the Pamphlet was, at
+that time on board, securely asleep in his Bed, or that he knowingly
+avers what is absolutely false; for that Night the Battery was, by
+particular Order, fired, both with Grape and round Shot, alternatively,
+and without any other Intermission, than was necessary to cool the Guns;
+for, it having been observed, that the Enemy was raising a Fascine Work
+behind the Breach, all possible Care was taken to retard its Progress
+during the Night.]
+
+[Footnote 16: The Author's being mistaken as to some Circumstances
+relating to the Attack, (_Vide_ his Note _r_) is easily to be excused;
+for, if he saw it at all, it must probably have been at a great Distance
+through a Spying Glass; but, as he is pleased in the latter Part of his
+Note to reassume his favourite Topick, the throwing out scurrilous
+Reflections upon the Land Forces, I cannot pass them over unobserved.
+This Success was undoubtedly, neither disagreeable to the Army, nor to
+the Navy; the former having undergone Hardships, such as no modern
+Soldiers, or Sailors, had been accustomed to, nor perhaps many in former
+Times; nor did the Army propose any Advantage in being possessed of an
+Island (as the Author insinuates) but imbarked on board their Transports
+with all possible Expedition, in order to proceed to the Attack of the
+City.
+
+That so formidable a Fleet was employ'd to little other Purpose, but to
+attend upon the Army, and to convoy their Transports, was with Regret
+observed, both by the Officers of the Army, and of the Navy; but surely
+so ridiculous a Thought could never enter into any Man's Imagination, as
+that the Soldiers should march along the Shore, the Fleet within Call,
+crying out to them for Help, or that they could not find their Way into
+the Castle without a Sea Pilot to conduct them: A Story, which has not
+the least Foundation; Lieutenant _Bennett_, the Gentleman, who led the
+Forlorn-Hope, and Mr. _Watson_, the Engineer, who accompanied him, are
+still living, and can testify, that no Sea Pilot, no _Spaniard_, no
+Prisoner, was upon that Attack; and I am well assured, that no such
+Person was ever thought of by the General to be employ'd on that
+Occasion.]
+
+[Footnote 17: This Scheme (_Vide_ Note _s_) if there was any, seems to
+have been contrived chiefly for a Pretext to give the Sailors the Credit
+of whatsoever should be performed by the Land Forces; the Troops were
+certainly moving to the Attack, if not in Possession of the Castle, at
+the time, when Capt. _Knowles_'s Detachment could be first discovered by
+the Enemy; when it is not very probable, that they should lessen their
+Force by sending away large Boats full of Men (which I do not find were
+perceived by any body excepting the Author) to Fort St. _Joseph_; or
+give any Attention, but to the most pressing Danger: It is really true,
+that both the Ships and Fort St. _Joseph_ fired, but at the Troops, not
+at the Boats from the Fleet, which, when they came to Land, were both
+out of the Enemy's Sight, and out of the Reach of their Guns.]
+
+[Footnote 18: The _Passa-Cavallos_ is the only Creek, thro' which
+Provisions can be conveyed into the _Lagoon_, and from thence to the
+City, with which all Communication was effectually cut off, as soon as
+the Fleet was in Possession of the Harbour.]
+
+[Footnote 19: Capt. _Knowles_ was appointed Governor of _Castillo
+Grande_; and to do him the more Honour (there could be no other End
+proposed, as there was no Possibility of the Enemies retaking of it)
+near 100 very useful Men of Lord _James Cavendish_'s, and Colonel
+_Bland_'s Regiments, were left in Garrison, and there continued till
+after the Troops reimbark'd, tho' of the Number required by the General
+to be landed (_Vide_ Notes in the Pamphlet _v_, and _w_).]
+
+[Footnote 20: The most apparent Reason for the Enemy's burning the
+_French_ Ship, was their concluding, that she must otherwise fall into
+our Hands, when our Men of War advanced to the Head of the Harbour; for
+they could apprehend little Danger to her from the Fire of _Castillo
+Grande_, as it lies only within a large random Shot from the Place,
+where she lay at Anchor.]
+
+[Footnote 21: The Author of the Pamphlet in his Note (_y_) is pleased to
+affirm, "_That things were on this Occasion (as they had been throughout
+the whole) done without Order or Method; for notwithstanding the Army
+had been apprized of the Enemy's having made Lodgments along the Road;
+yet they landed without a Grenado Shell, or Field-Piece; and were
+likewise told the Road was even able to sustain the Weight of the
+heaviest Cannon_." Here the Author, as has been his Method thro' his
+whole Pamphlet, boldly asserts, without the least Foundation; for, it is
+evident, both from the Resolutions of Councils of War, and from publick
+Orders, that no Step was taken here, nor indeed upon any other Occasion,
+without a Plan first laid down; and (where Time would admit of it) well
+consider'd, and approved by a Council of War.
+
+It is very certain, that when Mr. _Macpherson_, the Guide, was
+conducting the Troops thro' the Defillée, he expressed no little
+Uneasiness on the Account of Lodgments, which he apprehended we should
+find upon our Route; but nothing of that Sort appeared, excepting, that
+a few Bushes were placed, in Order, in an Opening upon our right Flank,
+possibly with a Design to cover some small Party, who had retired into
+the Wood. But had our Landing been postponed, till the Arrival of
+Ordnance Ships from the Mouth of the Harbour, the Field-Pieces,
+Granado-Shells, _&c._ which were then on board them, might indeed have
+been wanting to force such Works, as the Enemy would probably have
+finished during that Delay; which was prevented by boldly pushing thro'
+the Defillées to _La Quinta_; the Post of which, the Army was to possess
+themselves, "_for cutting off the Communication of the City with the
+Country, and for covering the Landing of the Artillery_". As Loss of
+Time might, on this Occasion, have been attended with the worst
+Consequences, the General found it necessary to advance without the
+_American_ Soldiers, Negroes, _&c._ which Disappointment cannot in any
+wise be attributed to the Officers of the Army, as the providing Boats
+for Landing the Forces was intirely under the Direction of the Navy.
+
+Both our Motions, and those of the Enemy, might probably be seen from
+the Ships, their Masts being at that time crouded with Spectators; but
+what the Author alledges of the Execution they did upon the Enemy is not
+Fact. Whilst the Troops were moving along the Strand, some random Shots
+were made by the _Weymouth_, which killed one single _Spanish_ Negro,
+and were very near taking Place amongst our most advanced People; but
+were so far from obliging the Enemy to disperse, that they did not make
+the least Movement, till after being push'd by our Grenadiers.
+
+That it was the general Opinion, that the City would have fallen into
+our Hands the first Day we landed, had the Troops push'd forward, is so
+far from being true, that had they been suffer'd to advance further, not
+an Officer but must, and would have condemn'd the General for exposing
+them without the least Probability of Success.
+
+The Object proposed on our first Landing was the taking Post at _La
+Quinta_; "there to cut off the City's Communication with the Country, to
+cover the Landing of the rest of the Forces, and of the Artillery; and
+to clear Ground for the Encampment," which was mark'd out that very Day;
+but the Tents could not be pitched without first cutting down a thick
+Copse Wood; which, as soon as the Negroes and Tools were landed, was
+done with all possible Expedition. To have advanced further, in our
+Circumstances, would have been not only acting inconsistently with the
+Rules of War, but of common Sense, for we were entirely Strangers to the
+Road leading to _Carthagena_; the Guide, Mr. _Macpherson_, having, as
+soon as the Enemy appeared, gone on board a Ship to view their Posture
+from the Main-top-mast-Head and did not return till the Affair was
+ended; we had neither Tools to throw up a Lodgment, nor Negroes to
+reconnoitre the Woods on our Flanks; besides, the Day advancing, the
+Heat was become so violent, that great Numbers must have fainted under
+the Fatigue.
+
+From the Author's own Description of the Fort St. _Lazar_ (Page 53.) it
+is far from appearing to be so despicable a Redoubt, as with any
+Prospect of Success, to be attempted in the open Day, without
+Scaling-Ladders, _&c._ nor can I conceive how a Body of 1400 Men, with
+only their Firelocks in their hands, could (supposing the Fort to be
+taken) afterwards force their Way cross a Draw-bridge, commanded by
+Cannon, into a City fortify'd with double Walls, and two broad Ditches
+filled with Water, flanked by regular Bastions, and defended by a
+Garrison more than double the Number of the Assailants; for the Body,
+which was drawn up on the Strand, was scarcely a fifth Part of the
+Garrison, and they fled thro' the Woods, where they could not be
+pursued, directly towards the City.]
+
+[Footnote 22: The Stores and Ammunition which were landed at _La
+Quinta_, were carefully lodged in an House out of the Line of Fire, and
+a Guard put over them, (_vide_ Note in the Pamphlet (_a_) page 34.) The
+brave Officer, there so unjustly reflected upon, wants no Advocate, and
+will be easily able to clear himself of the Aspersions cast upon him,
+whenever the Author of them shall be pleased to declare himself.]
+
+[Footnote 23: It is certain (Note _b_.) that the Enemy were very
+diligent in preparing for their Defence, nor was it in the power of the
+Army to interrupt them one Instant sooner than the Attack was made, from
+the want of Scaling Ladders, _&c._ being landed: What Time they employed
+in compleating their Works, or whether they did ever compleat them, it
+is not possible for the Author of the Pamphlet to judge, tho' 'tis well
+known they were begun upon, from the Time of our being possessed of
+_Boca-Chica_, if not before; but if he had been pleased candidly to have
+informed himself, he would have observed that our Mortar Battery at the
+Advanced Guard (_vide_ page 35.) play'd in 48 Hours after it was first
+begun upon; and that the Intrenchment there was finished in 18 Hours. I
+cannot but observe, that what the Author of the Pamphlet here affirms
+(_vide_ Note _b_, page 36) seems quite contradictory to what he advances
+(page 54) in the Appendix; in the one Place, _'tis declared that the
+Enemy had thrown up Intrenchments round about the Foot of the Castle,
+stronger and of more Importance than the Castle it self_: In the other,
+_that the Castle on the Side of the Town was quite defenseless_.]
+
+[Footnote 24: The Communication of the city (_vide_ Note 6 page 36) with
+the Country on that Side, where the Army was incamp'd, was effectually
+cut off the very Day they landed; nor did the General (as the Author
+alledges) want to be prevail'd upon to do the same on the Side next to
+the Sea, but found it impracticable without the Assistance of the Fleet,
+which was promised, and comply'd with, when it was too late.
+
+The Author seems very careful to celebrate the great Attention given, to
+the preventing Supplies from entering the Town to Sea-ward; which was to
+be done without the least Difficulty or Hazard, particularly after the
+Fleet had got Admittance into the _Lagoon_: But passes over in Silence,
+that no less Attention was given to prevent Refreshments being conveyed
+to the Army; it was even refused to the General to admit of sending out
+two or three small Vessels, to catch Turtle for the use of the Sick and
+Wounded: If the Army complain'd heavily, it was not without Reason; for
+during our Stay before _Carthagena_, the Fleet was supplied with Turtle,
+fresh Beef, _&c._ which the Land Forces on Shore laboured under the
+greatest Difficulties, even from the want of their Salt Provisions,
+which were not regularly conveyed to them.
+
+The Author, with his usual Regard to Truth, affirms that a drove of
+Cattle was thro' neglect suffered to pass into the City. The Instant,
+the General was apprised from the Officer at the Convent, that a drove
+of Cattle was seen moving towards the City, he ordered out a Party to
+intercept them, who march'd with all the Expedition which was possible
+in that hot Climate, but were not so fortunate as to come up with them;
+of which some Part had probably dispersed in the Woods, and others, (as
+we were afterwards informed,) got into the Town. 'Tis not to be imagined
+that Men so distressed from the want of fresh Provisions, (even by the
+Author's own Account,) would have omitted any thing in their Power, to
+get such a Prey into their Hands; nor was due Encouragement wanting, a
+Reward of a Pistole for each Beeve, being promis'd to the Captors. Two
+or three small Islands lie in the Lake at about 500 Paces from the
+Shore, upon the right of the Ground where we encamped; which being
+observed to be sometimes frequented by the Spaniards, Application was
+made for a Boat, to know for what End these People came there, and to
+search for Goods, Provisions, _&c._ which might be lodged there; this I
+presume gave occasion for the pretty Story form'd by the Author. What
+idle Tales might be propagated in the Camp (perhaps by the Author
+himself) relating to raising Batteries, I cannot say; but I am well
+assur'd no Man in his Senses believ'd them.]
+
+[Footnote 25: As many of the _American_ Soldiers were suspected to be
+_Irish_ Papists (_vide_ Note in the Pamphlet Letter (_d_) page 39) it
+was though adviseable both by the General and the Admiral, to employ
+them principally on Board the Fleet; but the Regiments which came from
+Europe, being now reduced low in their Numbers, made it absolutely
+necessary, that the _Americans_ should be included in the Corps design'd
+for the Attempt on _Carthagena_.
+
+This Reinforcement (as the Author stiles it) was only some Part of those
+Soldiers, which the General had required to be landed from the Fleet,
+and did not in Fact compleat the Troops on Shore, to numbers sufficient
+for proper Reliefs for the ordinary and extraordinary Duty;
+notwithstanding, had it been practicable to have victualled and
+sustained them, a Detachment had without doubt been made, even from the
+Numbers which were landed, to cut off the Communication on the _Eastern_
+Side of the City; the General having great Reason to expect a further
+Supply from the Admiral.
+
+That the Author should be ignorant of what Guards were necessary,
+perhaps may not be look'd upon as a Thing very extraordinary; I shall,
+however, give here a Detail of them.
+
+The City being garrison'd by at least 3500 Men; it was found necessary
+to post an advanc'd Guard of 500 Men at a large House upon the Road
+leading to it. The Picket-Guard consisted of 500 more, from whence was
+detached a Captain's Guard to the right of the Camp, where there was a
+Path leading towards the City. There were the Quarter-Guards, the
+Generals-Guard, those on the Ammunition, Provisions, and a Captain and
+fifty Men at the Convent; amounting in the whole to about 1300 Men,
+besides extraordinary Parties; and 600 _American_ Soldiers, who were set
+apart to be ready to assist in landing Stores, cutting Fascines, or in
+any other Work, as occasion should require. Whether fewer Guards could
+have been employed in our Circumstances, or if 4350 Men, (the most which
+were landed, and those hourly diminishing by Death and Sickness) could
+afford sufficient Reliefs for the Guards abovementioned, I submit to any
+Judge of military Operations at Land to determine.
+
+Had the Author's Curiosity led him to reconnoitre the Enemy's Guards, he
+might have observed a Body of 300 Men posted at the Foot of the Hill, on
+which is the Fort St. _Lazar_, and another of about fifty Men, advanced
+300 Paces further, under some Cocoa-trees, which might easily have been
+sustained by the whole Garrison.]
+
+[Footnote 26: The principal Engineer Mr. _Armstrong_, (_vide_ Note in
+the Pamphlet Letter (_f_) page 40) made a judicious and clear Report, of
+the Number of Men, and of the Time which would be wanting to erect a
+Battery: An Undertaking which he, and every intelligent Person, who was
+acquainted with the then Circumstances of the Troops on Shore, must
+foresee would be attended with insuperable Difficulties; he could not
+therefore honestly advise it.]
+
+[Footnote 27: Of the nine Officers on the Council of War (_vide_ note
+(_c_) in the Pamphlet page 39.) only two were against the Attack,
+without having first erected a Battery; nor was the least Objection made
+to it, on the Account of its not having been well reconnoitred, the
+contrary being very apparent; the Guides were Deserters (and no other
+could be had) who for their Security had been sent on Board the
+Admiral's Ships, and were by him, at the General's Desire, ordered on
+Shore, the Evening before the Attack.]
+
+[Footnote 28: After having taken into Consideration (_vide_ Pamphlet
+Note (_g_) page 40) what Hour would be the most proper for surprising
+the Enemy, and carefully weighed the Reports of Deserters, _&c._ it was
+resolved by the Council of War, that the Attack should be made a little
+before break of Day, a Time which has ever been look'd upon as the most
+proper for Surprizes, the Guards being then fatigued by their Watching,
+during the Night, and then most likely to be fallen asleep.
+
+The Author of the Pamphlet, is here pleased to condemn the General for
+not attacking at two in the Morning; _because the Guards at that Hour
+returned to their respective Homes, and went to Bed, where having
+composed themselves to Sleep, they could not easily be rouz'd to Fight_.
+These extraordinary Guards being therefore (as the Author supposes)
+safely lodged in their Beds; with regard to them, it must have been
+matter of Indifference, whether the Attack was made at two, or five in
+the Morning. That these Arguments (if any such were used) were of no
+force with the General, I entirely agree with the Author: For surely no
+Man in his right Senses could imagine that the Patrols round an advanced
+Post, hourly in Danger of being insulted, should be suffered to retire
+at two in the Morning.
+
+Colonel _Grant_ was so far from having enter'd the Enemy's Trenches at
+the Foot of the Castle (as the Author alledges) with a Party of
+Grenadiers, and being there cut off from the Want of being sustained,
+that he received his Wound the Instant he reach'd the Top of the Hill.
+The Guide having been killed about the same time, was probably the
+Occasion, that Lieutenant-Colonel _Hamon_ (who was the next in Command)
+advanced no farther, but remained on the Side of the Hill; where (when
+the Day broke) the Troops were exposed both to the Enemy's great and
+small Shot; which Misfortune ought not surely to be attributed to any
+Defect in the Disposition, but to unavoidable Accidents, by which in War
+the best concerted Schemes are frequently disappointed.
+
+That the Grenado Shells were carried in Boxes in the Rear, and no
+lighted Match provided, will appear to be a palpable Falsehood from the
+Testimony of the Gentlemen of the Train, who delivered them out, and are
+still living. What might possibly give some Colour for this Assertion,
+was, the Grenadiers not carrying their Pouches in that excessive hot
+Climate; it was found necessary, that a Party of _American_ Soldiers
+should receive the Grenados in Bags, and attend the Grenadiers with them
+to the Foot of the Hill; which was accordingly ordered, but in the dark,
+the Party, which had the Charge of the Shells, fell back into the Rear,
+and did not come up with them till after the Attack was begun.
+
+As the Scaling Ladders could not be brought to the Foot of the Walls,
+nor the Wool Packs and working Tools be made use of, till we were in
+Possession of the Breast-work, they were carried in the Rear of the
+Troops, who were ordered to force it.
+
+The Scaling Ladders were called for on the Right, and some of them got
+up the Hill; but Colonel _Grant_ met his Fate too soon to be able to
+advance so far as to have the least Occasion for them on the Left; nor
+could the Officer the next in Command even have tried to make use of
+them, as the _American_ Soldiers, who had the Charge of them
+(notwithstanding the utmost Endeavours of their Officers to prevent it)
+call them down, and either took up Firelocks, or put themselves under
+Cover from the Shot of the Enemy.
+
+I cannot but add in Justice to the _American_ Soldiers, who were
+commanded with Arms on that Occasion, that they were in no wise wanting
+to their Duty.
+
+That the Admiral was neither by Letter, nor Message (as the Author
+boldly asserts) acquainted of the Resolution of the Council of War to
+attack the Fort the next Morning; the Admiral himself (to whom I appeal)
+knows to be absolutely false: It is certain, that the General was that
+Day too much employ'd to write a Letter in Form; but several Messages
+were carry'd by Capt. _Knowles_, and Mr. _Macpherson_, in Consequence of
+which Messages, two Guides were sent by the Admiral's own Order, and
+from his own Ship, to conduct the Forces to the Attack of the Fort the
+next Morning.
+
+The Admiral had actually pressed the Attack, without making the least
+Offer of any Assistance from the Fleet, and appeared to be so far from
+thinking any such Assistance necessary, that he had not only declared
+the Troops on Shore to be more than sufficient for the Service they were
+upon; but had sent from the Fleet a Number of Soldiers, less by 650 than
+were required to be landed by the Council of War. Whence to me it is
+evident (contrary to what the Author affirms) that there was never any
+real Intention to sustain the Attack by a Body of Sailors: Otherwise so
+experienced a Commander, as is Admiral _Vernon_, could not have failed
+of giving timely Notice of such his Intention to the General. It is
+true, that at Break of Day, when the Troops were mounting the Hill, a
+Signal was made for manning the Boats, and for landing, which could at
+that time have answered no other End, but giving a Pretext for ascribing
+to the Sailors, a Share in the Honour of the Success, in Case the Castle
+had been taken.
+
+There were kill'd at the Attack of Fort St. _Lazar_ 179, (commissioned,
+Non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers) and 459 wounded, of whom many
+afterwards died; 16 were taken Prisoners, of which all (excepting six)
+had fallen wounded on the Top of the Hill; amongst whom were three
+Officers, who, tho' treated by the _Spaniards_ with great Humanity, died
+in two or three Days.
+
+I cannot but observe, what a pompous (but false) Account, the Author
+gives of our Loss; he roundly affirms, "_That Numbers of Drums and
+Colours were left behind in the Retreat_," of which there was not in
+Fact One; some few Firelocks belonging to the Soldiers, who fell upon
+the Top of the Hill, could not be brought off; and most of the Scaling
+Ladders, _&c._ which had been intrusted to the Care of the _American_
+Soldiers, remained upon the Ground. What Use the Enemy might make of
+them, I cannot say; but we, who could distinctly see with the naked Eye,
+what passed on the Hill of St. _Lazar_, could perceive nothing of what
+the Author mentions. It was never before alledged, that the Guide, who
+return'd, complained of his not having been followed by the Troops the
+Way he would have led them; but it is certain, that both the Officers
+and the Engineer, who were in the Front, complained of their having been
+mislead by the Guide. Had the contrary appeared, the Offenders could
+scarcely have escaped Censure; for the Instant before the Troops
+advanced to the Attack, the General in Person gave Directions to two of
+the principal Officers, who were to lead on the Grenadiers, to mount the
+Hill upon the Right, and to push at once into the Enemy's Works.
+
+What the Author insinuates, that the Retreat was too long delayed, is
+without any Grounds whatsoever. The Moment it appeared there was no room
+to hope for Success, the Troops were directed to retire, which was done
+in so good Order, that the Enemy did not think it adviseable to advance
+one Step to give them the least Disturbance.
+
+I cannot finish my Observations upon this long Note (_g_) without
+remarking that what palpable Falsehoods, and gross Misrepresentations,
+the Author herein aggravates our Loss at St. _Lazar_; such as the
+generous _Spaniard_ (tho' as an Enemy authorized to do it by Custom)
+would be ashamed of; but in an _Englishman_ it is a Crime, for which
+Language has not yet found a Name, and which nothing but the highest
+innate Malevolence, and the strongest Inveteracy against his Majesty's
+Land Forces, _there employed_, could have produced.]
+
+[Footnote 29: I do not know what might be the Opinion of the Officers
+employed by the Admiral (_Vide_ Note (_h_) page 44) to sound: But I am
+well assured, that experienced Pilots, who have sounded the whole
+Harbour of _Carthagena_ in open Day-Light, do affirm, that large Ships
+can approach so near to the Walls, as easily to batter the Town; of
+which the _Spaniards_ seem very sensible, from their having lately
+erected a Battery of forty Pieces of large Cannon, which commands the
+Bason, where the Galleons usually lie at Anchor.
+
+The _Galicia_'s being sent in had a quite contrary Effect from what the
+Author suggests; for not only the General, but every unprejudiced Man,
+both in the Army, and in the Fleet, was thereby convinced, that our
+large Ships could have got in near enough to batter the Town. For the
+_Galicia_ being deeply loaden, by the Cases filled with Sand (which
+served no other End, but to blind the Men, when the Enemy's Shot took
+place) drew some Feet more Water, than our eighty Gun Ships, and yet lay
+near enough to the Walls of the Town to fire with very good Effect, tho'
+she had no more Guns mounted, than twelve eighteen Pounders, and four
+twelve Pounders.
+
+I submit it to the Reader, tho' he be neither Soldier nor Sailor, to
+judge with what Prospect of Success a Vessel so armed, could be sent in
+singly to stand the Fire of all the Guns on that Side of the Town, of
+which the Event sufficiently proved to Absurdity, "For the enemy had
+demolished her so in two or three Hours, that she would have sunk in
+half an Hour more, if she had not been drawn off:" But if, instead of
+_Galicia_, some of his Majesty's eighty Gun Ships had been ordered in;
+there are (and those very good Judges) who affirm, that they could have
+approach'd near enough to have done effectual Service.]
+
+[Footnote 30: The Author of the Pamphlet (in his Note _i_, page 45.)
+affirms, that from _Thursday_ Morning to _Friday_ Night, by the Accounts
+delivered in, and by the General's Report, the Troops on Shore had
+dwindled from 6645, to 3200. A base and palpable Falsehood! as it will
+evidently appear by the Return given in (_April_ the 12th) by Mr.
+_Wallis_, Agent to the Transports, to Vice-Admiral _Vernon_, of the
+whole Number then victualled on Board, and on Shore, amounting at that
+time to 6645, in which Number were included all the Sick, the Women, the
+Negroes, and Men left in _Boca-Chica_ and _Castillo Grande_, the
+Officers, with their Servants, and People of all Denominations belonging
+to the Land Forces, who received the King's Provisions, whether they
+were on Board, or on Shore.
+
+The Adjutant's Books will shew, that the highest Number of Men landed at
+_La Quinta_ never exceeded 4340 Rank and File, tho' repeated Demands
+were made from the General, and from the Council of War, for their
+Troops on Shore being compleated from the Fleet to 5000 Men, Rank and
+File. At the time of holding the General Council of War, they were, by
+Sickness, and the late Loss, reduced to 3569, feeble, and scarcely fit
+for the ordinary Duty; including 1140 _American_ Soldiers, of whom 600
+were employed upon no other Service, but on working Parties.]
+
+[Footnote 31: It was raised 2600 Yards from the Fort, which is the
+utmost Distance those Mortars can throw a Shell, when their Chambers are
+quite filled with Powder; an Allowance only given for Proof, and never
+upon Service. Tho' appriz'd of this Circumstance by the Colonel of the
+Train, the Captain could not be prevailed upon to advance his Battery
+nearer, but (as it was expected) wasted above two hundred Shells, to
+little or no Purpose whatsoever.
+
+_N.B._ This Battery was begun upon the 8th, but did not Fire before the
+14th.]
+
+[Footnote 32: The imbarking the Troops, (_vide k_) in the cool of the
+Evening, was not only approved by the General, but by the Council of
+War; who had but too justly deserved Censure, should they have
+unnecessarily exposed the Men, not only to the violent Heat of the Sun,
+but to the Enemy's Cannon, which commanded one of the Places of
+Imbarkation.
+
+Had the Author's Apprehensions suffered him to go on Shore at the time
+of the Retreat, he might have observed that it was made without any
+Precipitation, and that neither Tents, Arms, working Tools, nor Baggage
+were left behind.
+
+The General in Person brought up the Rear with his Guard, and having
+perceived, after the Troops had begun their March, that five Tents
+belonging to one of the _American_ Battalions were left standing (for
+which their Lieutenant Colonel had undergone a severe Censure, if his
+Death had not prevented it) and likewise that some Arms and working
+Tools remained upon the Ground, he ordered them to be carried off by the
+Serjeant's Guard which came from _La Popa_, to which Lieutenant
+_Forest_, at the General's Request, added some Sailors, so that the
+whole Ground might be carefully searched to prevent any thing whatsoever
+from falling into the Hands of the Enemy. We having lost no Tents, none
+could (as the Author alledges) be pitched by the Enemy on the top of the
+Hill.
+
+The Admiral having, (when a Flag of Truce was to be sent into the
+Vice-Roy) refused to admit of a particular Messenger from the General, I
+cannot say what idle Expressions might be then made use of to the
+Disadvantage of the Land Forces. If there were any such, possibly they
+did not loose in the Report; but if what the Enemy might throw out
+deserves repeating, it is well known that they frequently expressed
+their Astonishment, that so fine a Fleet should lie unactive within
+their very Harbour; and it was affirmed by Persons of Credit, that a
+_Spanish_ Officer of Rank, who served in _Carthagena_, declared that
+they only waited for the coming in of our great Ships, to have
+surrendered.]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Journal of the Expedition to
+Carthagena, by Anonymous
+
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+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena.
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena
+       With Notes: In Answer to a Late Pamphlet Entitled, An
+              account of the Expedition to Carthagena
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 31, 2011 [EBook #37276]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h5>A</h5>
+
+<h1>JOURNAL</h1>
+
+<h5>OF THE</h5>
+
+<h2>EXPEDITION</h2>
+
+<h5>TO</h5>
+
+<h2><i>CARTHAGENA</i>,</h2>
+
+<h4>With NOTES.</h4>
+
+<h5>In <span class="smcap">Answer</span> to a late <span class="smcap">Pamphlet</span>;</h5>
+
+<h5><span class="smcap">Entitled</span>,</h5>
+
+<h4><i>An</i> ACCOUNT <i>of the</i><br /> EXPEDITION <i>to CARTHAGENA</i>.</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Qui statuit aliquid, parte inaudita altera,<br />
+&AElig;quum licet statuerit, haud &aelig;quus suit.</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left:16em;"><i>Senec. Med.</i></span></p>
+
+<h3>The SECOND EDITION.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>LONDON</i>:<br />
+Printed for J. ROBERTS, in <i>Warwick-Lane</i>.<br />
+M.DCC.XLIV.</h4>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+
+
+<p><i>The following Sheets contain an Answer to a Pamphlet, which appeared on
+the Close of the last Session of Parliament, and is entitled,</i> An
+Account of the Expedition to <i>Carthagena.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>To set that whole Transaction in the most clear Light, the Author has
+laid before the Publick an exact and faithful </i>Journal<i> of the most
+material Occurrences, not only during the Troops being on Shore in the
+Neighbourhood of </i>Carthagena<i>, but from the Time of the Fleet's sailing
+from </i>Jamaica<i>; the Period from which the Author of the Pamphlet begins
+his Relation.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>The Notes are (as far as it was practicable) placed in the same Order
+with those in the Pamphlet; to which References are made, that the
+Reader may (if he pleases to take that Trouble) compare each Note with
+the Answer to it.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Several Facts will be here found to be placed in a very different Light
+from the same Facts, as they are described in the Pamphlet, and others
+to be rejected, as absolutely false and groundless; but the Author
+flatters himself, that he has advanced nothing which is not founded upon
+Truth, and such as can be supported by living Evidences, or by
+authentick Records, whenever his Antagonist shall be pleased to lay
+aside his Mask; otherwise, no Notice will be taken of any Reply, which
+may hereafter be published.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2>January <i>the 10th, 1740</i>.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It was resolved in the principal Council of War<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> held at <i>Spanish
+Town</i> in <i>Jamaica</i>, that the whole Fleet should proceed to Windward, to
+observe the Motions of the Squadron under the Command of the Marquis
+<i>d'Antin</i>; and that Capt. <i>Dandridge</i> should be sent before in the
+<i>Wolf</i> Sloop to get Intelligence.</p>
+
+<p>No Time having been lost in preparing to put to Sea; <i>January</i> the 22d,
+Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i> sailed with his Division out of <i>Port-Royal</i>
+Harbour; Commodore <i>Lestock</i> the 26th, and Vice-Admiral <i>Vernon</i> the
+28th: The three Squadrons, having join'd <i>January</i> the 31st, made Cape
+<i>Tiberon</i>, on the Coast of <i>Hispaniola</i>, <i>February</i> the 7th; the same
+Day Captain <i>Dandridge</i> came into the Fleet. <i>February</i> the 8th, the
+Admiral made a Signal for General and Flag Officers, and communicated to
+them the Report he had received from Captain <i>Dandridge</i>,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> <i>viz.</i>
+"<i>That he had</i>, January <i>the 30th, look'd into</i> Port-Lewis, <i>where he
+had seen nineteen Ships of War; that one of them carried a Flag at the
+Main-top-mast Head, and another a broad Pendant</i>;" which Report being
+taken into Consideration, it was resolved to steer directly to the Isle
+of <i>Vache</i>; where the Fleet arrived <i>February</i> the 12th, and cast Anchor
+at about two Leagues to the Westward of <i>Port-Lewis</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p><p>The same Day Captain <i>Laws</i> was sent in the <i>Spence</i> Sloop a-fresh to
+reconnoitre the Harbour of <i>Port-Lewis</i>, who return'd in a few Hours
+with a Report, "<i>That he had there counted sixteen Ships of War, and
+that one of them carried a broad Pendant</i>."</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> the 13th, the Admiral, accompany'd by the General, went in
+his Barge into the Bay between the Isle of <i>Vache</i> and <i>Hispaniola</i>,
+where there was found sufficient Depth of Water for the large Ships, and
+good Anchorage for the Transports. <i>February</i> the 14th, a <i>French</i>
+Officer came off with a Message; but the Admiral declining to see him
+'till late in the Evening, he return'd without having deliver'd it.</p>
+
+<p>The Admiral went further up the Bay to a small <i>Kay</i> (Island) with an
+Intention to reconnoitre the <i>French</i> Fleet, and was there join'd by the
+General, who perceiving it to be impossible thence to look into the
+Harbour, desired, that he might in Person go in with the <i>Spence</i> Sloop,
+and that Captain <i>Knowles</i>, being a good Draughts-Man, might accompany
+him; to which the Admiral consented.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the Sloop open'd the Harbour, Capt. <i>Laws</i> declared, that the
+Ships there lying at Anchor were <i>French</i> Men of War, and pointed to
+one, as having a white Flag at the Main-top-mast-Head; but the General,
+not being fully satisfied, order'd the Sloop to stand within Gun-shot,
+when it appeared, that the Ships in View were Merchant-men, most of them
+unrig'd; excepting one Frigate of forty Guns, whose Main-top-mast-Head
+lying in a Line with the white Gable-End of an House, occasioned the
+Mistake about the Flag.</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> the 15th, Captain <i>Boscawen</i> and Captain <i>Knowles</i> were sent
+with a Message to the <i>French</i> Governor; the Purport of which was, that
+the Admiral not being on board his Ship, when an Officer came off to
+speak to him, he had not seen him, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> now sends to know what he had to
+offer; that the Fleet was forced by strong Breezes into the Bay; that he
+desires Leave to Wood and Water: They return'd with a very polite
+Answer, and brought an Account of the Marquiss <i>d'Antin</i>'s being sail'd
+for <i>Europe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Capt. <i>Renton</i> came into the Fleet, and confirm'd the Report, "<i>That the
+Marquis</i> d'Antin <i>sail'd with his Squadron for</i> Europe, <i>January</i> the
+26th."</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> the 16th, the principal Council of War being assembled, it
+was resolved, that the Fleet, after having taken in Wood and Water at
+<i>Iros</i>, <i>Tiberon</i> and <i>Donna-Maria</i> Bays, should thence proceed directly
+to <i>Carthagena</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> the 17th, the Fleet sailed from the Isle of <i>Vache</i>, and the
+Day following came to an Anchor in <i>Iros</i>, <i>Tiberon</i> and <i>Donna-Maria</i>
+Bays.</p>
+
+<p>Seven Days having been employ'd in taking in Wood and Water; Detachments
+from the <i>American</i> Regiment, and from the Negroes, were daily sent on
+Shore to cut Fascines and Pickets.</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> the 25th, the <i>Weymouth</i>, the <i>Experiment</i>, and the <i>Spence</i>
+Sloop, were order'd a-head, under the Command of Capt. <i>Knowles</i>, to
+sound <i>Punto-Canoa</i> Bay, which lies about two Leagues to the Windward of
+<i>Carthagena</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> the 26th, the whole Fleet got under Sail, and came to an
+Anchor in <i>Punto-Canoa</i> Bay, <i>March</i> the 4th.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 5th, a general Council of War composed of the four principal
+Officers of the Army, and of the four principal Officers of the Navy,
+was held for settling the Shares of Plunder; but no Scheme could be then
+formed for attacking the Town, "from the Want of proper
+Intelligence."<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>March</i> the 6th, the General, accompany'd by some of the principal Land
+Officers, went on Board the <i>Lyon</i> Man of War to reconnoitre the Town,
+the Coast adjoining, the Forts on <i>Tierra Bomba</i>, &amp;c. but did not return
+to the Fleet before the 8th in the Morning: The <i>Lyon</i> having lost her
+Main-Mast by the great Swell of the Sea. The <i>Weymouth</i>, the <i>Dunkirk</i>,
+the <i>Experiment</i>, and the <i>Spence</i> Sloop, were order'd to the Mouth of
+the Harbour, for taking the Soundings, and for getting Information how
+near the large Ships could approach for battering the Forts on <i>Tierra
+Bomba</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 8th, a general Council of War being assembled, and having
+received, and carefully weighed, the Reports of the General Officers,
+and of the Captains of the <i>Dunkirk</i> and <i>Weymouth</i>, it was unanimously
+resolved, that Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i> should the next Morning fall down
+with his Division to the Mouth of the Harbour, and batter the Forts, St.
+<i>Philip</i>, St. <i>Jago</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>The General afterwards assembled a Council of War, composed of Land
+Officers; when a Disposition was made for landing the Troops.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 9th, in the Morning, Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i>, accompany'd by the
+General, proceeded, with his Division, to the Attack of the Forts: Three
+eighty Gun Ships; the <i>Norfolk</i>, Capt. <i>Graves</i>; the <i>Shrewsbury</i>, Capt.
+<i>Townshend</i>; and the <i>Russel</i>, Capt. <i>Norris</i>, were order'd to batter
+those of St. <i>Philip</i> and St. <i>Jago</i>: Which Service they perform'd very
+gallantly, having, before the Evening, drove the Enemy from their Guns,
+and forced there, to retire out of the Forts.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>About Two, the General and Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i> went on board the
+<i>Norfolk</i>, and afterwards the <i>Russel</i>, for the better reconnoitring the
+Enemy, and viewing the Ground where the Troops were proposed to be
+landed.</p>
+
+<p>The Loss on board the <i>Norfolk</i> and the <i>Russel</i> was not very
+considerable, but the <i>Shrewsbury</i> suffered much more; for having
+received a Shot in her Cable, she drove so far, as to open the whole
+Fire of the Castle of <i>Boca-Chica</i>, &amp;c. to which she lay exposed till
+the Night gave her an Opportunity of removing to a safer Birth. As there
+were no Guns either in <i>Fort Chambra</i>, or on what was called the Fascine
+Battery, the <i>Princess-Amelia</i>, and the <i>Litchfield</i> met with no
+Opposition.</p>
+
+<p>About Five, Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i> made a Signal for landing the Troops,
+which was repeated by the Admiral, who lay then with his Squadron at
+about a League's Distance.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the Grenadiers appeared, the General joined them, with an
+Intention to have landed immediately; but the three principal Officers,
+and two of the Companies, being still wanting, he order'd the Boats to
+lie under the Cover of the <i>Russel</i> and the <i>Norfolk</i>, there to wait
+their Arrival: They were in a short Time joined by the Lieutenant
+Colonel and Major, and one Company; but Col. <i>Wynyard</i>, "who was
+detain'd with his Company of Grenadiers, on board the <i>Strumbulo
+Fire-Ship</i>, <i>from the want of Boats</i>," being still absent, the Landing
+was further post-pon'd to about Seven, when they were, without
+Opposition, put on Shore on the Strand, to the Left of Fort St.
+<i>Philip</i>, under the Command of Lieutenant Col. <i>Cochrane</i>: After having
+seen them in Possession of the Forts, the General returned and went on
+board a Vessel, which lay near the Shore, and there passed the rest of
+the Night.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the Disposition for Landing, the Grenadiers were to have been
+sustained by a Brigade, commanded by Brig. <i>Guise</i>, and Col. <i>Wolfe</i>,
+who themselves join'd the General; but the Brigade did not come down
+till the Day following, being prevented by the strong Breezes.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
+
+<p>The same Evening the Bomb Ketches began to fire upon the Castle.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 10th, as soon as the Day appeared, the General went on
+Shore, and gave Orders for forming the Grenadiers upon the Beach, for
+covering the landing of the rest of the Troops; which not being
+compleated till late in the Evening, the whole lay that Night upon their
+Arms.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 11th, the Negroes, Tools, and Tents being put on Shore; the
+Ground was clear'd, the Tents pitch'd, and the Troops under cover the
+same Evening.<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p><p>Two Coupures or Lines were begun into the Woods; one for cutting off the
+Communication of the Castle of <i>Boca-Chica</i> with the City, the other for
+opening a way to the Skirts of the Wood, for the erecting a Battery;
+which last was this Day advanced 500 Yards.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. <i>Moor</i>, the principal Engineer, landed in the Night; the Ordnance
+Ship, on which he was embarked, having been drove to <i>Leeward</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 12th, a Mortar Battery was begun, between the Forts St.
+<i>Phillip</i> and St. <i>Jago</i>; and the Coupure leading to the Castle, was
+carried on to the Skirts of the Wood, but that for cutting off the
+Communication, was discontinued by the Advice of the principal
+Engineer.<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
+<p>All the Negroes, and as many Soldiers as could be spared, from their
+other Duty, were employed in cutting Fascines and Pickets. A Traverse
+was raised in the Coupure leading to <i>Boca-Chica</i>, and an Epaulement was
+thrown up for the covering the Workmen, which were to be employed in
+raising the great Gun-Battery.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 13th, A Defence was made of Casks filled with Sand, to cover
+the Mortar Battery from the Enemy's Fire; this Evening, (not the 17th,
+as the Author is pleased to alledge, Page the 10th,) it was finished,
+and began to play upon the Castle.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p>
+
+<p>The Bomb-Ketches likewise continued to throw their Shells, and it was
+observed that <i>several</i> of them did not take place in the Castle. The
+Ground was traced out for the great Gun-Battery.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+<p>The Coupure leading to the Castle of <i>Boca-Chica</i>, was enlarged. A
+Lieutenant Colonel's Guard was mounted to cover the Workmen to be
+employed on the great Gun-Battery.</p>
+
+<p>The Enemy fired very smartly, both Yesterday and this Day, and killed
+several Men in the Camp.<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p><p><i>March</i> the 14th, the Works were carried on with all the Expedition our
+Circumstances would admit of; but were much retarded, not only from the
+Heat of the Climate, which renders <i>Europeans</i> almost unable to support
+the least Fatigue, but from the Negroes throwing down their Loads, and
+working Tools, whenever a Shot came near them. These Difficulties having
+been represented to a Council of War by the principal Engineer,
+signifying at the same time, that an Addition of 1600 Men to the Forces
+then on Shore was wanting, to enable him to push on his Works with
+Vigour, a Demand was made of that Number of Soldiers to be landed from
+the Fleet, which the Admiral was pleased to refuse, alledging, that we
+could have no Occasion for them.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 15th, the General, accompany'd by Mr. <i>Moor</i> and Capt.
+<i>Knowles</i> view'd the Works at the great Gun Battery, and passed the
+Skirts of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> the Wood to reconnoitre the Castle, which had then received
+little or no visible Damage from the Shells.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 16th, all possible Diligence was used in cutting Fascines,
+sharpening Pickets, preparing Planks and timbers <i>&amp;c.</i> for the Battery.
+The Artillery, and the greatest Part of the Stores, were by this Time
+landed,<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> of which Part was carried to the great Gun Battery.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 17th, the Parapet of the great Gun Battery was very near
+raised to the Embrasures.</p>
+
+<p>A Representation was made to the Admiral from a Council of War of Land
+Officers, of the Necessity of driving the Enemy from their Fascine
+Battery, which, as it was seated on the other Side the Entry into the
+Harbour, could not be done without the Assistance of the Fleet,
+otherwise the Attack upon it would have been made by a Detachment from
+the Land Forces on Shore.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+<p>The same Day, it was resolved in a Council of War, composed of Sea
+Officers, to make an Attempt on the Fascine Battery with three hundred
+Sailors, and <i>two hundred Soldiers</i>, detach'd from those remaining on
+board the Fleet.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 18th, several of the Cannon were drawn up to the Battery,
+and mounted upon their Carriages.</p>
+
+<p>The Enemy, having discovered our Workmen, began to fire briskly upon
+them from the Castle, with Stones, <i>&amp;c.</i> A Party of the Enemy fired upon
+the Negroes, who were employed in the Woods in cutting Fascines; but did
+no other Damage than the interrupting their Work.</p>
+
+<p>During the Night, the Fascine Battery was attack'd by 300 Sailors, and
+200 Soldiers, who possessed themselves of it, with very little
+Opposition.<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>March</i> the 19th, an Epaulement was raised to the left of the great Gun
+Battery, to cover it from the Fire of the Enemy's Ships of War; twelve
+of the Platforms were finished. The Enemy were perceived to be at Work
+in repairing the <i>Barradera</i> Battery.<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 20th, the Wood began to be clear'd away before the great Gun
+Battery, and seven Pieces of Cannon were brought upon the Platforms.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 21st, nineteen Embrasures were finish'd, all the Cannon
+placed upon the Platforms, and the Wood was cut away, which cover'd the
+Battery from the View of the Castle.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 22d,<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> the Battery being finished, began early in the
+Morning to play upon the Castle, not only with the great Guns, but with
+forty small Mortars and Cohorns, which fired alternatively; the Enemy
+return'd the Fire very briskly from the Castle, the Fascine Battery, and
+the Shipping; but with no great Effect, excepting, that the Balls which
+miss'd the Battery, did some Damage in the Camp.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 16-17]</a></span></p><p><i>March</i> the 23d, A Squadron of Men of War,<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> under the Command of
+Commodore <i>Lestock</i>, were order'd to cannonade the Castle of
+<i>Boca-Chica</i>, and the Enemy's Ships, which guarded the Mouth of the
+Harbour; but were obliged to drop their Anchors at so great a Distance,
+that their Shot had little or no Effect. After having suffer'd
+considerably from the Enemy's Fire, the Admiral sent them Orders to
+retire; tho' it was upon this Occasion enter'd in the Journals, and by
+Order, that the Breach was enlarg'd by the Fire from our Men of War;
+yet, in Fact, the Breach was not touch'd by one single Ball; such of the
+Shot as reach'd the Curtain, and the Face of the western Bastion, made
+little more than a slight Impression, and fell into the Ditch.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+<p>A continual Fire, and with good Effect, was kept from the great Gun
+Battery, which the Enemy return'd very briskly, and but with too much
+Success: Mr. <i>Moor</i>, the principal Engineer, having been mortally
+wounded, as he was attentively considering the Effect of the Shot from
+his Battery.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 24th, a Detachment from the Fleet, composed of Sailors and
+Soldiers, commanded by Capt. <i>Watson</i>, made a second Attempt on the
+Fascine Battery, and enter'd it without the least Opposition; destroy'd
+the Carriages, Platforms, <i>&amp;c.</i> Early in the Morning the General visited
+all the advanced Guards and Batteries, and towards the Evening
+reconnoitred the Breach, which he not thinking to be yet practicable,
+signify'd the same by Letter to the Admiral, who had vehemently pressed
+the Attack. The great Gun Battery fired during the whole Night
+alternatively with round and Grape Shot.<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 25th, the Breach being enlarged, and reported practicable by
+an Engineer, who had been sent to reconnoitre: It was resolved in a
+Council of War to make the Attack the same Evening.</p>
+
+<p>A Disposition having been prepared for that Purpose, and approved by the
+Council of War; at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> about half an Hour after five the Troops advanced
+towards the Fort. The Forlorn-Hope consisted of a Serjeant, and twelve
+Grenadiers, who were immediately followed by thirty Voluntiers; next
+march'd 260 Grenadiers (the whole then remaining) under the Command of
+Lieutenant-Colonel <i>Macloud</i>, and afterwards Colonel <i>Daniel</i> at the
+Head of a Detachment of 500 Men, who had under his Direction some small
+Parties, carrying Scaling Ladders, broad Axes, Pick-axes and Spades, to
+be in Readiness in case of need: The whole was sustained by 500 Men,
+under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel <i>Cochrane</i>; and Brigadier
+<i>Blakeney</i>, the Brigadier of the Day, had the Direction of the Attack.
+Upon a Signal, which was, the Firing of three Bombs from the Mortar
+Battery, a Volley of round Shot was pour'd in upon the Breach, from the
+great Gun Battery, and was immediately followed by a second of Grape
+Shot, which obliging the Centinels upon the Walls to put themselves
+under Cover, probably occasioned their not having perceived the Troops,
+when they first began to move to the Attack; but some time before they
+reach'd the Foot of the Walls, the Drums in the Fort beat to Arms, the
+Top of the Breach was man'd, the Ships began to fire with Grape Shot,
+and several Shots were made from Fort St. <i>Joseph</i>, tho' without doing
+any other Execution, than the killing of one Man. The Commandant of the
+Fort being at that time on board one of the Ships, the Garrison fell
+into Confusion, and fled with Precipitation out of the Gate, as soon as
+the Grenadiers began to mount the Breach.<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+<p>Soon after our Troops were in Possession of the Castle, the <i>Africa</i> and
+St. <i>Carlos</i> were sunk; and the St. <i>Philip</i> being set on Fire (whether
+by the Enemy, or the red-hot Balls from the great Gun Battery, is
+uncertain) blew up very near to the Walls of the Castle; but without
+doing any Damage. When the Troops were moving towards the Breach, some
+arm'd Boats from the Fleet, commanded by Capt. <i>Knowles</i>, were perceived
+rowing towards the Mangroves; on what Design<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span><a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> was altogether a
+Secret to the General, he having not received the least Intimation of
+it. They had on board a Party of Soldiers and Sailors, who being landed
+on the <i>Barradera</i> Side, marched (the former leading the Way) to the
+Shore, the nearest to Fort St. <i>Joseph</i>; when it was resolved to pass
+thro' the Water, and to make an Attempt upon it; but the Men, who were
+sent in to sound, not finding it practicable, and being discovered, the
+Enemy began to fire upon the Party with Grape Shot, which obliged them
+to retire under the Cover of the Bushes. The Commandant then proposed,
+that the Centinel should be civilly desired to admit them into the Fort;
+but the rest of the Officers not much depending on his Complaisance,
+advised the making a general Attack upon it with all the Boats; in
+Answer to which, it was alledged, that as three of the Enemy's Ships of
+War were already destroyed, and as Fort St. <i>Joseph</i> lay under the Fire
+of the Castle, of which our Troops were then in Possession, such an
+Attempt would be quite unnecessary, as that Fort must on Course fall
+into our Hands: It was therefore resolved to go on board the nearest
+Ships, and there to wait for fresh Orders from the Admiral, which being
+come, the Commandant, in a short time, row'd towards the Fort, which he
+found abandoned, and enter'd it without the least Opposition.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as we had possessed ourselves of the Gate of the Castle, and
+that the Guards were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> posted, the General ordered out a Party of
+<i>Harrison</i>'s Grenadiers, with the proper Tools, under the Command of Mr.
+<i>Blane</i> the Engineer, and of Mr. <i>Bennett</i> (who first enter'd the
+Breach) to cut the End of the Boom adjoining to the Castle, which they
+did effectually about nine; and it was the Want of a Boat only that
+prevented the Landmen's seizing the <i>Galicia</i>, on board of which Capt.
+<i>Knowles</i> rowed about twelve, and afterwards order'd a Party of Sailors
+to cut the other End of the Boom.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 26th, the General issued out the proper Orders, for
+reimbarking the Troops, Artillery, <i>&amp;c.</i> in which Commodore <i>Lestock</i>,
+who remained with his Squadron at the Entrance into the <i>Lagoon</i>, was
+directed to be assisting.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 27th, the great Surf of the Sea prevented the Boats from
+coming into Shore, and retarded the Imbarkation of the Troops, <i>&amp;c.</i> A
+Road was made from the grand Battery to <i>Boca-Chica</i>, for the more
+commodious Conveyance of the large Cannon. The Admiral's Ship, and some
+other Ships of War, having warped thro' the Channel, began to move up
+the Harbour.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 28th, <i>Harrison</i>'s and <i>Wentworth</i>'s Regiments, being
+order'd to strike their Tents, and to go on board their Transports, were
+prevented by the Surge of the Sea, and obliged to pitch them again near
+the Walls of the Castle. The <i>Weymouth</i>, and the <i>Cruizer</i> Sloop, were
+sent to demolish two little Batteries on the <i>Passa-Cavallos</i>,<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>
+which they performed without Oppo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>sition, and likewise seized or
+destroyed such small Craft, as they found upon the <i>Lagoon</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 29th, the two old Regiments, and some of the Stores, were
+put on board. All the Artillery and the Materials, which had been
+employed for erecting the great Battery, were placed upon the Shore in
+Readiness for Embarkation.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 30th, Colonels <i>Wolfe</i> and <i>Robinson</i>'s Regiments embark'd,
+and all possible Diligence was used in getting on board the Stores and
+Artillery.</p>
+
+<p>A general Council of War was held on board the Admiral's Ship, wherein
+it was resolved to land the troops as soon as should be practicable,
+"<i>for the cutting off the Communication of the Town with the Country on
+the Land Side; and that the Artillery should be embark'd with all
+possible Expedition to proceed after them</i>." It was also resolved,
+"<i>that such Numbers of Soldiers, as the General should judge would be
+wanting for that Service, should be landed from the Fleet</i>."</p>
+
+<p>The Council of War, on this Occasion, might probably think it
+unnecessary to make any mention of what Share the King's Ships were to
+take in the Attack of the City, as it is believed, that not one of the
+Members could have the least Room to doubt of the Admiral's ordering in
+some large Men of War to batter the Town, as soon as the Channel should
+be laid open for their Admittance into the <i>Surgidero</i>; a Circumstance
+so much taken for granted, before we were in Possession of <i>Boca-Chica</i>
+Castle, that it was confidently affirmed (and by no inconsiderable
+Persons in the Navy) "that, after a Way should be laid open for the
+Ships into the Harbour, the Assistance of the Land Forces would be no
+longer wanted." The <i>Russel</i>, which had on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> board Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i>;
+the <i>Weymouth</i>, &amp;c. turn'd up the Harbour, and cast Anchor not far from
+<i>Castillo Grande</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>March</i> the 31st, Colonels <i>Lowther</i> and <i>Wynyard</i>'s Regiments embark'd.
+The Cannon and Stores continued to be put on board.</p>
+
+<p>The Enemy seem'd to prepare for a vigorous Defence, by their having sunk
+the seven Galleons in the Channel leading to the <i>Surgidero</i>, and moor'd
+two large Men of War at the Entrance of it, which last having been
+likewise sunk during the Night, and <i>Castillo Grande</i> in all Appearance
+abandoned; Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i> order'd Captain <i>Knowles</i>, in the
+<i>Weymouth</i>, to stand in within Gun-shot, and to fire upon it; which
+being done for some time, without any Return, Boats were sent ashore,
+and the Castle was enter'd without Opposition; of which the Admiral
+having Notice, he order'd one hundred of the Soldiers, who were on board
+the King's Ships to remain there in Garrison.<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></p>
+
+<p>Capt. <i>Laws</i> was dispatched to <i>England</i> in the <i>Spence</i> Sloop, with an
+Account of the taking of <i>Boca-Chica</i> Castle; notwithstanding the
+Instances used by both the General, and Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i>, to postpone
+sending, till it should be known, what would be the Success against the
+City; which, considering the Strength of the Enemy, that our Troops
+began to sicken, and that the rainy Season was then begun; could by no
+thinking Man be look'd upon to be otherwise, than doubtful.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>April</i> the 1st, Colonels <i>Moreton</i>, and <i>Grant</i>'s Regiments embarked.
+Captains <i>Griffin</i> and <i>Renton</i> being sent to reconnoitre the Channel;
+and observing that the Stern of the <i>Conquestador</i> was afloat, they
+found Means to heave her round, and thereby opened a Passage for the
+Bomb-Vessels, and two twenty Gun-Ships. The Transports got through the
+Channel, and began to move up the <i>Lagoon</i>, but the Ordnance Ships still
+remained at the Entrance into the Harbour, the Artillery and the Stores
+being not yet all put on board.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 2nd, The General, with the greatest Part of the Transports,
+came to an Anchor near <i>Castillo Grande</i>. The Bomb Ketches began early
+in the Morning to play upon the Town, but were placed at too great a
+Distance, for the Shells to do much Damage.</p>
+
+<p>The Enemy set Fire to a <i>French</i> Ship, which lay at Anchor near the
+Walls.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a></p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 3d, all the Cannon and Mortars were got on board; but the
+Carriages, <i>&amp;c.</i> still remained upon the Shore. The <i>Weymouth</i> Man of
+War having passed the Channel, the Enemy fired upon her some random
+Shot; but she lay at too great a Distance to receive any Damage. Such
+<i>Americans</i>, as had served on Shore, as likewise the Negroes, imbarked
+this Day on their Transports.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>April</i> the 4th, a Council of War of Land Officers was held on board the
+<i>Dorsetshire</i> Transport, wherein it was resolved, that the Troops should
+be landed the 5th at Break of Day; for which a Disposition having been
+prepared by the General, and then laid before the Members, was by them
+unanimously approved of. The <i>Weymouth</i>, the <i>Cruizer</i> Sloop, and two or
+three Fireships, kept firing, during the Night, with Grapeshot into the
+Woods adjoining to where the Troops were to land.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 5th, the Troops, which were appointed first to land,
+amounting to about 1400 Men, under the Command of Brigadier <i>Blakeney</i>,
+rendezvous'd along Side of the <i>Weymouth</i>: At about five in the Morning,
+the General ordered Colonel <i>Grant</i> to move towards the Shore with the
+Grenadiers, who having landed<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> without Opposition, and being
+immediately followed by the rest of the Troops, the whole was formed in
+the Order for marching against the Enemy. After having waited a short
+time, in Expectation of the 200 <i>American</i> Soldiers, who were by the
+Disposition to have joined us with the working Tools; as likewise of the
+Negroes, and a Party of Matrosses, designed to attend eight Pattereroes;
+the General ordered the Grenadiers to enter the Wood, and Brigadier
+<i>Blakeney</i> to sustain them at the Head of the old Regiments. Having
+reach'd the End of the Defill&eacute;e, with the Loss of only one Man, by the
+Fire of a straggling Party, they halted, and signify'd to the General,
+that the Enemy appeared; who immediately advanced to the Head of the
+Grenadiers, and passed the Defill&eacute;e: Where having carefully reconnoitred
+the Disposition of the Enemy, he ordered The Grenadiers to march, and to
+dislodge them. The Enemy, (as it was afterwards reported by Deserters)
+consisted of about 700 Men, and were drawn up on the Strand, in such a
+manner, as to cover the Road leading to the City, where they seem'd
+determined to expect us; the Ground over which the Troops were to march,
+did not admit of much more than one large Plattoon in front; the
+<i>Lagoon</i> lying upon the left, and a thick Copse upon our right, into
+which the General ordered a Party of <i>American</i> Soldiers, to fall upon
+the Rear of any small Parties, which might be lodged there, to flank us
+upon our March. The Grenadiers moved forward with great Alacrity, and
+having, with very little Loss, received two Fires from the Enemy, the
+front Plattoon gave their Fire at about the distance of half musquet
+Shot, and immediately wheel'd to the Right and Left to make room for the
+next to advance, whence the Enemy judging that the whole Body gave way,
+expressed their Joy by a loud Huzza; but being soon convinced of their
+Mistake, by the Fire of the following Plattoons, they fell into
+Confusion and fled towards the City.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 27-29]</a></span></p>
+<p>As soon as the proper Guards were posted, and the Troops put under Cover
+in the best manner which was practicable, in some Houses and Sheds
+adjoining to <i>La Quinta</i>; a Party was sent up the Hill to reconnoitre
+the Convent on <i>La Popa</i>, which they entered without Opposition, and
+made some Prisoners; an Officer's Guard was immediately ordered to take
+Possession of it.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 6th, the General accompany'd by Brigadier <i>Guise</i>, and the
+principal Engineer reconnoitred the City from the Convent of <i>La Popa</i>;
+and having at his Return assembled a Council of War, it was debated,
+whether the Fort should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> not be attacked the following Night, before the
+Enemy should have finished some Works upon the Hill, "which they were
+then carrying on with the utmost Diligence;" but as no Stores were yet
+landed from the Ordnance Ships, it was found necessary to postpone the
+Attack. Two twelve Pounders, Three three Pounders with fifty rounds of
+Powder and Ball, and five rounds of Grape-Shot, were put on Shore in the
+Evening<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>. Some <i>American</i> Soldiers being landed from the Fleet, as
+likewise the Negroes and some working Tools, the Ground was begun to be
+cleared for the Encampment; but the excessive Heat not only retarded the
+Work, but proved fatal to most of the <i>Europeans</i> who were there
+employed.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 7th, The Council of War being reassembled, and having
+received the Report of the principal Engineer, and likewise taken into
+Consideration, the Intelligence given by Deserters and Prisoners; they
+were of Opinion, that the Fort ought not to be attempted without having
+first raised a Battery, for which the principal Engineer was ordered to
+pitch upon the proper Ground, to draw a Scheme for putting that Design
+in Execution; and, as soon as should be practicable, to lay it before
+the Council. This their Resolution was the same Day communicated to the
+Admiral, to which was added as their Opinion, that the Success would be
+much facilitated, "if the Bomb-Vessels were ordered to Fire upon Fort
+<i>St. Lazar</i>, and likewise if one of the large Ships of War was brought
+in to batter it." The Admiral returned an Answer the same Evening, in
+which "he strongly expressed his Dislike to our waiting for a Battery",
+and declared, "that if the Council of War still persisted in their
+Resolution to raise one against so paltry a Fort, he would answer for
+it, that if the Engineer did but compleat it, the Enemy would not wait a
+minute for the Cannon;" but to that part of their Resolution, wherein is
+represented the Expediency of bombarding the Fort, and of sending in a
+large Ship to fire upon it, the Admiral "was not pleased to give any
+direct Answer."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<p>The Enemy continued to carry on their Works<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> upon the Hill, and
+brought some Pieces of Cannon to bear upon our advanced Guard, and upon
+the General's Quarters, but with very little Effect. The General
+signified to the Admiral by Letter, that he had endeavoured to cut off
+the Communication<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> of the City of <i>Carthagena</i> with the Country, by
+the neck of Land lying upon the Sea, but found that any Detachment sent
+thither, would be intirely in the Enemy's Power, as being at too great a
+distance from the Camp to be sustained, nor had he any Boats on the
+Lake, for the supplying them with Provisions and Water; and proposed
+that some small Man of War, should be sent for that Purpose to lie near
+the Shore: The Admiral signified in his Answer, that he would order in a
+Ship and a Sloop.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 32-33]</a></span></p>
+<p>The Admiral was this Day pleased to put on Shore from the Men of War a
+further Detachment from the <i>Americans</i>;<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> but excepting 30 or 40,
+all that he would spare of Lord <i>James Cavendish</i>'s, and Colonel
+<i>Bland</i>'s Regiments, were already landed: Nor were these People sent on
+Shore, as the Author affirms in his Pamphlet, (Page 37) in consequence
+of any Representation made of the increasing Sickness, but of a demand
+of a Reinforcement from the Fleet; first made by the General, and
+afterwards by the Council of War, which was never fully complied with.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>April</i> the 8th, the Council of War being reassembled, it appear'd from
+the Report of the principal Engineer<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> that so large a Number of Men,
+and so much time would be wanting to cut thro' the Wood, and to raise a
+Battery, as in our Circumstances rendered it impracticable; the sickly
+Season was now come in, and the Water in the Cisterns began to grow low:
+There seeming therefore to be no Choice left, but either to make a bold
+Push for the surprising Fort St. <i>Lazar</i>, or to return on Board; it was
+resolved<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> to attempt it the next Morning, the scaling Ladders having
+been this Day put on Shore, and not before. What further determined the
+Council to come to this Resolution, was fresh Intelligence received from
+Deserters and Prisoners, confirm'd by the Observations of some of the
+Engineers, who had viewed the Fort very near, viz. <i>That the Walls were
+not too high for our Ladders; nor was there any Ditch at the foot of
+them</i>; (as had been before represented) <i>that the Road leading up the
+Hill on the right was broad, and of an easy Ascent; and that there was a
+wooden Door on the left of the Fort, which might be forced without much
+Difficulty</i>, and to which a Deserter offered himself as a Guide.</p>
+
+<p>A further Motive, perhaps might be of Weight with some of the Members,
+<i>viz.</i> the Admiral's vehemently pressing the Attack "without a Breach,"
+and his insisting that it was scarcely possible to miscarry in the
+Attempt. And in all probability, if the Attack had not been made, it
+might have been alledged and possibly credited at Home, that had the
+Experiment been tried, the City must have infallibly fallen into our
+Hands.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35-36]</a></span></p>
+<p>The rest of the Day was employed in preparing for the Attack: In the
+Evening the Council of War being reassembled, a Disposition for it was
+laid before them, which having been examined and approved, was by the
+Brigade Majors immediately communicated to all the principal Officers.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 9th, the Troops appointed for the Attack, were order'd to
+parade on the Strand, at two in the Morning;<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> where having formed,
+they advanced towards the Fort, and a little before Break of Day, began
+to mount the Hill. But that Division, which was, by Order, to have gone
+up an open, accessible Road, which lay upon the Right of the Fort, was
+in the dark, by a fatal Mistake (as it was said of the Guide) led up the
+Center, where the Ascent is very steep, and the Ground broken: Some of
+the most forward gained the Top, and pushed on to the Enemy's
+Entrenchments; but not being immediately sustained, by Reason of the
+great Difficulty found in mounting the Hill, and that the rest of the
+Plattoons advanced slowly with the Street firing, they were most of them
+killed or wounded.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 37-40]</a></span></p>
+<p>Colonel <i>Grant</i> very gallantly mounted the Hill upon the Left; but
+having immediately received a mortal Wound, and the Guide, with several
+others, being kill'd; the Officer, the next in Command, advanced no
+further, but continued on the Side of the Hill, till they were ordered
+to retire.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the Day broke, and gave the General an Opportunity of viewing
+the Posture of the Assailants, and that of the Enemy, he sent a Message
+to Brigadier <i>Guise</i>, who commanded the Attack, signifying, that, if he
+could push forward, he should be sustained by 500 Men, who were
+accordingly ordered to advance; but it was then too late. The Troops
+were disheartened, and the Enemy's Numbers encreased every Instant, by
+pouring in fresh Men from the City, who had by that time assembled a
+Force upon the Hill equal, if not superior, to the Assailants. It was
+therefore found necessary to order a Retreat, which was made without
+further Loss, the five hundred Men abovementioned bringing up the Rear.
+The principal Engineer having proposed the raising a Breast-work at the
+advanced Guard, it was without Delay begun upon, and was in so great
+Forwardness by the next Morning, as to put the Men under Cover. A
+Cessation of Arms was agreed upon for a few Hours to bury the Dead.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 10th, The Sick and Wounded were sent on board; the
+Intrenchment at the advanced Guard was inlarged for the Reception of two
+Mortars, which were this Day conveyed thither.</p>
+
+<p>The Troops were under great Difficulties, not only from the Sickness,
+which hourly encreased,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> but from their Provisions not being regularly
+landed.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 11th, the two Mortars began to fire from the advanced Guard
+upon the Castle of St. <i>Lazar</i>, and with very good Effect.</p>
+
+<p>A Council of War was assembled, composed of Land Officers, who having
+carefully inquired into the State of the Forces on Shore, found them to
+be so much diminished by Sickness, and by the late Loss; and those, who
+were return'd, as fit for Duty, so much exhausted by the excessive Heat,
+and by Fatigue, that without a considerable Reinforcement from the
+Fleet, it would not be possible to go on with the Enterprize: This their
+Resolution was immediately communicated to the Admiral.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 12th, the Sickness amongst the Troops still encreasing,
+several of the principal Officers were seized with it, and the Water in
+the Cisterns began to be very low. The Admiral return'd an Answer to the
+Resolution of the Council of War of yesterday; which having been taken
+into Consideration by the principal Land Officers, assembled for that
+Purpose, they observed with great Surprize, that no mention was made of
+any Reinforcement to be sent from the Fleet; of which, having taken the
+proper Notice in their Answer, they desired, that the Admiral would
+issue out his Directions for imbarking the Cannon, <i>&amp;c.</i> concluding from
+his Silence in so material a Point, that no Reinforcement was to be
+expected. But no mention was at that time made of bringing in Ships to
+cannonade the Town; as the Manner, in which a former Proposal of that
+Nature had been answered, gave little Room to hope for Success in
+repeating of it: Tho' perhaps it may not be difficult to make appear,
+that our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> great Ships lying unactive at a time when they might have been
+usefully employ'd,<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> was the principal Occasion of our not possessing
+ourselves of the City of <i>Carthagena</i>, and not the Miscarriage of the
+Attack of St. <i>Lazar</i>. For had we got Possession of it (as would
+probably have been the Case, if the Scheme for the Attack had been
+punctually executed) it does not follow, that the Town would have on
+Course surrender'd, or that they could have been compelled to it,
+without the Admirals assisting us with his whole Force; except we are to
+suppose, that the <i>Spaniards</i>, with a Garrison not inferior in Numbers
+to the Besiegers, would have tamely given it up into our Hands: for it
+is morally certain, that the Corps of Troops, which were then on Shore,
+must, by Sickness only, in a few Days have been reduced so low, as not
+to be able to bring off their Cannon.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+<p><i>April</i> the 13th, great Numbers of Sick, both Officers and Soldiers,
+were sent on board the Transports.</p>
+
+<p>A Council of War was assembled on Shore, who took into Consideration a
+Letter from the Admiral, in Answer to their late Representation, and
+resolved, to desire without Delay to meet the Sea Officers in a general
+Council of War; which being signified to the Admiral, it was agreed to
+assemble the Day following on board the Admiral's Ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 14th, the Council of War being assembled, the General laid
+before the Members the real State of the Troops,<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> and declared, that
+he deemed it to be impracticable to go on with the Enterprize, without
+Assistance from the Fleet. The principal Engineer being called in, and
+examined, signify'd to the Council of War, the Places which he thought
+would be the most proper for erecting Batteries; to which he added, that
+no less than a Fortnight would be required for raising them, considering
+the many interruptions which must be expected from the Enemy, and the
+Sickness hourly increasing amongst the Troops; and that 1500 Men would
+be wanting for the proper Reliefs for that Service only; he further
+declared it to be his Opinion, that with the Troops now on Shore, the
+Siege could not be undertaken with any Probability of Success.</p>
+
+<p>The Admiral, without further Deliberation, going to put the Question,
+whether the Troops should be reimbark'd or not, Mr. <i>Wentworth</i>
+declared, that he could not give his Vote, till he should be informed
+what Assistance they were to expect from the Fleet; who, being
+interrupted by the Admiral with great Heat and Passion, and not with the
+most polite Language, made a proper Reply; to which the Admiral not
+being pleased to return any Answer, immediately left the Cabbin.</p>
+
+<p>The Debate was afterwards decently carry'd on, and the General having
+repeated his Question, Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i>, and the other Sea Officers,
+who were Members of the Council of War, unanimously declared, that it
+would by no means, be adviseable to trust the Sailors on Shore, as they
+could be kept under no Command, and would soon disperse themselves in
+the Woods; to which Mr. <i>Vernon</i> (who sat in the Gallery within hearing)
+added aloud, that some of them would soon ramble into <i>Carthagena</i>.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 44-45]</a></span></p>
+<p>The Admiral being returned to his Place at the Board, it was unanimously
+resolved to reimbark the Cannon and Land Forces with all possible
+Expedition.</p>
+
+<p>The Admiral, as President, drew up the Resolution of the Council of War,
+when it was observable, that he carefully avoided making the least
+mention of Assistance having been demanded from the Fleet.</p>
+
+<p>The Battery<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> of two ten inch Mortars, which was raised by Captain
+<i>Knowles</i> on the Shore near to his Ship, began this Morning to Fire upon
+Fort St. <i>Lazar</i>, but was placed at so great a Distance as to have
+little or no Effect.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 15th, the Cannon, Stores and heavy Baggage, were put on
+Board.</p>
+
+<p>A Council of War of Land Officers being assembled, a Disposition was
+laid before them, for the Retreat,<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> which was approved of.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> the 16th, About Five in the Morning, the <i>Galicia</i>, commanded by
+Captain <i>Hoare</i>, began to canonade the Town with tolerable good Success;
+but he being exposed to a superior Fire, was obliged to cut her Cable;
+after having received several Shots in her Hull, had six Men killed, and
+56 wounded, she drove upon a Shoal, and was there burnt by the Admiral's
+Order.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 46-47]</a></span></p>
+<p>At Seven in the Evening, the Tents were struck, at Eight the Troops
+march'd from their Ground, and embarked in three Divisions on the Boats
+prepared to receive them. The Sickness amongst the Troops increased to
+so great a Degree, that any longer Continuance in that unhealthy
+Situation, seemed to threaten no less than their total Ruin; the General
+therefore, and the principal Land Officers, agreed to the Admiral's
+Proposal, for demolishing the Forts, <i>&amp;c.</i> which commanded the Harbour;
+that being done, and Water taken in for the Voyage, the whole Fleet set
+sail for <i>Jamaica</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I Shall only here remark some Mistakes, which the Author of the Pamphlet
+has been guilty of in his Appendix, both with regard to the
+Circumstances of the City of <i>Carthagena</i>, and to the Conduct of the
+Officers of the Army, whom he has been pleased basely to asperse,
+without any Grounds whatsoever. And I do appeal to the Gentlemen of the
+Navy, for the Truth of what I have advanced; which must be so evident to
+every impartial Person, who was there present, and gave the least
+Attention to what passed, that I should not have employed one Moment's
+Time, in replying to a Pamphlet, made up of glaring Falsehoods, Facts
+misrepresented, and mean personal Reflections, to which the Author does
+not put his Name; was I not in Hopes, that by laying before the Publick
+an exact Account of the Transactions before <i>Carthagena</i>, in some
+Measure to remove (from those who cannot otherwise be informed of the
+Truth) the Prejudices which are so industriously propagated in that
+scurrilous Libel; not solely with a View to calumniate a few brave Men,
+who after many Hazards are return'd home to their native Country; but by
+invidious Distinctions, to set at variance the Army and the Navy, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
+can have no other End but to obstruct his Majesty's Service, whenever
+the Fleet and Land Forces shall act in Conjunction.</p>
+
+<p>As for the City itself (says the Author) Nature has fortified it against
+any Attempt by Sea, the Water shoaling near a League off, and being
+plentifully bounded with Rocks; besides the Sea is very seldom smooth,
+so that it is difficult at all times landing.</p>
+
+<p>There are Pilots, who have been long accustomed to that Coast, who
+affirm that there is depth of Water sufficient for large Ships to anchor
+(even on that Side) near enough to batter the Town: The only Difficulty
+arises from the Swell of the Sea; but that much abates, whenever the
+Wind blows for any Time off Shore.</p>
+
+<p>The Ravelin here mention'd can only subsist in the Author's Imagination;
+there is no other Defence between the two Bastions, (which are very
+distant from each other,) excepting a low Wall not flank'd; a
+Circumstance of which very good Use might be made, if upon the Swell's
+being abated, Boats could be sent in there to put Troops on Shore.</p>
+
+<p>There were two large Men of War moored to defend the Entrance of
+<i>Boca-grande</i>, but that there was a Fascine Battery begun upon each
+Point, seems to be a Secret only known to the Author; for no Mention was
+made of any such during our Stay upon that Coast, nor upon reconnoitring
+that Entrance into the Harbour, could the least Traces of them be
+perceiv'd.</p>
+
+<p>The little <i>Fort de Chamba</i> was not finish'd, nor had upon it one Gun;
+nor was there the least Appearance of one, on what the Author is pleased
+(Page 49.) to call a Fascine Battery of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> twelve Guns: From same Fascines
+being placed in order upon the Shore, it was believed that the Enemy had
+Thoughts of erecting a Battery on that Place.</p>
+
+<p>The Author's Description of <i>Boca-Chica</i> Castle, <i>&amp;c.</i> seems to be
+tolerably exact, and I cannot omit to remark the justness of his
+Expression, when he mentions the Bomb Vessels being got near enough to
+divert the Town; for in Truth they were posted at so great a Distance,
+that they seem'd to be sent in with no other Intention.</p>
+
+<p>That the City of <i>Carthagena</i> is to the Land-side, fortify'd by double
+Walls, and double Ditches, flank'd by strong Bastions, is an undoubted
+Truth; but I must dissent from what the Author alledges, of the Water at
+the Head of the Harbour, being shoal so far off, that Ships cannot come
+near enough to do Execution with their Guns. Experienced Pilots, and
+Masters of trading Vessels, who have been much conversant in that
+Harbour, do (and will when Occasion requires it) testify the contrary;
+but nothing can be a stronger Proof of there being sufficient depth of
+Water for our largest Ships, than that the Station of the <i>Spanish</i>
+Galleons, is very near the Walls, for the Convenience of taking in their
+Lading. It is well known, that Monsieur <i>Ponti</i> sent in his Men of War
+(amongst which was the <i>Sceptre</i> of eighty-four Guns) to batter the
+City, and with so good an Effect, as in a short Time to oblige them to
+surrender.</p>
+
+<p>But a still more recent Proof of there being sufficient depth of Water,
+is the celebrated Admiral <i>Vernon</i>'s having ordered in the <i>Galicia</i>, a
+<i>Spanish</i> Man of War of sixty-six Guns: This Vessel was fitted up for
+battering in a very extraordinary Manner: <i>Merlons, or Cases, six Feet
+thick, rammed with Earth, or Sand, were formed between the Port-holes</i>,
+which occasioned her drawing more Water, than any of our eighty Gun<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>
+Ships; notwithstanding, with her sixteen Guns mounted, <i>only</i>, she did
+considerable damage to the City, before she could be demolished.</p>
+
+<p>That the <i>Spaniards</i> have no great Dependance upon this supposed
+Shoalness of the Water, is very evident from their having lately erected
+a Battery of forty large Pieces of Cannon, for the defence of the Town
+on the Side towards the Harbour; a very unnecessary Expence, if the
+Water is there so shoal as to prevent the near Approach of our large Men
+of War.</p>
+
+<p>From the Author's own Description, the Fort of <i>St. Lazar</i> appears to be
+no such trifling Redoubt, as he would insinuate; had he approached near
+enough to take an exact View of it (which probably he did not) he must
+have observed that the Hill is near double the Height he mentions, and
+that the Eminence opposite to it (which, if Cannon could have been
+convey'd thither, was certainly a very proper Place for the erecting a
+Battery) is pretty much upon a Level with the Ground upon which the
+Castle stands.</p>
+
+<p>That the Enemy began their Works upon the Hill, immediately after we
+were in Possession of <i>Boca-Chica</i> (if not upon the first Appearance of
+the Fleet,) is a Fact well known, both to the Army and to the Navy; nor
+was it in the power of the Former to interrupt their Progress till the
+proper Materials were landed; but how far that might have been done, by
+sending in two or three of his Majesty's large Ships, the Gentlemen of
+the Sea are the most proper Judges.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>That the Side of the Castle of <i>St. Lazar</i>, which is next the Town,
+could not be defenceless, must be evident to every Reader, from the
+Circumstance of its being next the Town, and consequently defended by
+all the Works on that Quarter, particularly by an Half-moon, which is
+erected about half Musket-Shot from it.</p>
+
+<p>If the Enemy's Numbers (as the Author alledges, page 54.) amounted to
+4000 Men, the Troops which were landed, and never exceeded 4350 Rank and
+File, could but have little Prospect of forcing them amidst their strong
+Fortifications; nor did the General and Principal Officers ever propose
+it to themselves, otherwise than by the help of the whole Force on board
+the Fleet, which was actually promised, as soon as a Passage should be
+opened for the Ships into the Harbour; how performed, the unhappy Issue
+but too plainly makes appear.</p>
+
+<p>The Enemy's Engineers, Cannoniers, <i>&amp;c.</i> acquitted themselves very well,
+and ours did the same, nor was there amongst them one single instance of
+Cowardice or Desertion; would the Author be pleased to put his Name to
+so base an Aspersion cast upon them, there are of the few surviving, who
+are well able to convince him of his Mistake.</p>
+
+<p>It is roundly alledged, that excepting two Regiments, the whole body of
+Troops which came from <i>England</i>, were quite raw and undisciplined; how
+far this is a Fact known to every one, will appear, by minutely entering
+into their Circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>As a Foundation for forming a Corps of Troops fit for immediate Service,
+his Majesty was pleased to direct a Draught to be made from the Foot
+Guards, of the best disciplined Corpo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>rals and private Men, to be
+appointed Marine Serjeants, as likewise 300 private Centinels well
+instructed in the Use of their Arms, to be placed to every Marine
+Regiment, who were for that Purpose draughted from all the old Corps in
+<i>Britain</i>; by which Means each of the Marine Regiments was actually
+supply'd with a Number of well-disciplin'd Men, not much short of the
+<i>Irish</i> Corps before the Augmentation.</p>
+
+<p>The Colonels of the six Regiments of Marines were old Officers, who had
+all (excepting one) served abroad in the last War.</p>
+
+<p>Such were the greatest Part of the Lieutenant Colonels and Majors. The
+Captains were either Gentlemen of Service taken from the Half-Pay, or
+from the Independent Companies at <i>Jamaica</i>; such as had been long
+inured to the Climate of the <i>West-Indies</i>, or Subaltern Officers of
+long standing in the old Corps, whom his Majesty honour'd with the
+Command of Marine Companies. The first and second Lieutenants were
+either Ensigns taken out of the old Corps, Cadets, who had for some time
+carry'd Arms, or young Gentlemen, whose Quality and Interest very justly
+entituled them to Preferment. To these the Author has added a third
+imaginary Class, of <i>abandoned Wretches of the Town, whose Prostitution
+had made them useful on some dirty Occasion, and by Way of Reward were
+provided for in the Army</i>. I call upon the <i>Author</i> to point out one
+single Man, who was sent out in those Corps, deserving of that
+Character; if he does not (as I am well assured he cannot) what
+Character he himself richly deserves, will easily occur to the Reader.</p>
+
+<p>That few of the Inferior Officers had ever before served against an
+Enemy, is undoubtedly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> Fact, nor after thirty Years Peace, could it
+possibly be otherwise; but their Behaviour during the Incampment in the
+Isle of <i>Wight</i>, evidently made it appear that they were not deficient
+in Discipline; nor when they came to face the Enemy, could the oldest,
+and most experienced Officers expose their Persons with greater
+Gallantry and Chearfulness.</p>
+
+<p>That most of the Officers, who had served long and well, got themselves
+knock'd on the Head by teaching a young and raw Army, is in Fact false;
+for both old and young equally shared the Hazard and Fatigue; nor did
+one single Officer or Soldier loose his Life, excepting in the
+Performance of his own Duty.</p>
+
+<p>What an Heap of <i>Billingsgate</i> does the Author employ (pag. 56.) to
+vilify the <i>American</i> Regiment? <i>The Officers</i> (he affirms) <i>were in
+particular composed of Blacksmiths, Taylors, and all the Banditti that
+the Country affords</i>. Had he been so candid as to have informed himself
+of those Gentlemens true Characters, he would have known, that the Field
+Officers were all Men of long Service, named by his Majesty, and sent
+from <i>Britain</i>: That the Companies were chiefly raised by the Interest,
+and at the Charge of their respective Captains; of whom some were
+Members of the Assemblies in the Provinces where they resided; others
+liv'd upon their own Plantations, and had Commands in the Militia; and
+some few of them had been concerned in Traffick. His Majesty was pleased
+to send to <i>North-America</i> thirty young Gentlemen, under the Direction
+of Brigadier <i>Blakeney</i>, who were to serve in that Corps as Lieutenants;
+they had carried Arms either in the old Corps at home, or in the
+<i>Scotish</i> Regiments in the <i>Dutch</i> Service, and were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> most of them
+Cadets of good Families in <i>North Britain</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The rest of the Subaltern Officers were recommended by the Governors,
+and by the Gentlemen of the first Rank in the Provinces where the
+Companies were raised; and were either younger Sons of the principal
+Families, bred to no particular Profession, or such of them as had been
+brought up to the Law, to Merchandize, or who had served at Sea.</p>
+
+<p>It is certain, that the greatest Part of the private Soldiers, who were
+inlisted in <i>North-America</i>, were either <i>Irish</i> (and many of those
+suspected to be Papists) or <i>English</i>, who had been under a Necessity of
+quitting their Native Country. As the Levy was made in Haste, there was
+neither Time for strictly examining into their respective Circumstances,
+nor for their being well-disciplin'd before they joined the Army; whence
+it became in a great Measure, necessary to employ them chiefly on board
+the Fleet.</p>
+
+<p>Tho' this infamous Libel appears to be levell'd against that Corps of
+<i>Land Forces in general</i>, yet the Author is pleased more eminently to
+distinguish the Engineers, <i>&amp;c.</i> belonging to the Train; he very roundly
+affirms, that <i>worse never bore the Name, nor could be pick'd out of
+all</i> Europe.</p>
+
+<p>The principal Engineer (Mr. <i>Moor</i>) was deservedly esteemed for his
+Bravery, his Capacity and Skill in his Profession; the Battery, on which
+he was killed, viewing the Effects of the Shot thro' an Embrasure, was
+well constructed, and fully answered the End for which it was raised: He
+had served with Applause in the Defence of <i>Gibraltar</i>, one of the
+principal Fortresses in <i>Europe</i>, which was attacked by an Army of
+40,000 Men, composed of the best Troops in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> <i>Spain</i>, and batter'd by 100
+Pieces of large Cannon; yet this Army was by the gallant Defence of the
+Garrison obliged to retire, after having been almost totally ruin'd at
+this <i>simple</i> Siege, as the Author of the Pamphlet is pleased to stile
+it.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. <i>Armstrong</i>, the Gentleman who succeeded as principal Engineer on
+the Death of Mr. <i>Moor</i>, had all the Experience, which could possibly be
+acquired in Time of Peace, having been continually employ'd during
+sixteen Years in the different Works about this Kingdom; nor could any
+Person whatsoever perform his Duty, with greater Attention, or more
+chearfully expose his Person, whenever he thought his Presence could in
+any wise contribute to the publick Service.</p>
+
+<p>It is certain, that no more than two of the Sub-Engineers had ever
+served in the Face of an Enemy; which surely ought not to be imputed to
+them as a Fault, when, after so long a Peace, few or none so qualified
+were remaining: But nothing had been omitted by those Gentlemen to
+repair their Want of Experience both by their Application to the Study
+of their Profession at home, and by visiting the Fortifications in
+Foreign Parts; and when on real Service, it was very evident that they
+spared no Endeavours to make up that Deficiency by their Diligence and
+gallant Behaviour: Nor is there the least Room to doubt, but that the
+few who have returned from that fatal Expedition, will, whenever they
+shall be called upon, be found qualified to do effectual Service to
+their Country.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel <i>Watson</i>'s Merit and long Services very justly entituled him to
+the Command of the Train on the late Expedition; nor did his Age (as the
+Author insinuates) ever prevent his Attendance upon his Duty; in the
+Performance of which he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> lost his Life by a Shot which glanced from a
+Tree, at some Distance from the Battery.</p>
+
+<p>His Successor, a brave blunt Soldier (who can never be pardoned for
+boldly speaking the Truth) was so far from being rendered unfit for his
+Duty, that no Man attended it with more Diligence; from the first
+Opening the Battery before <i>Boca-Chica</i>, he scarcely ever left it, even
+for necessary Refreshment, till the Castle was taken.</p>
+
+<p>Who could be so proper to be inlisted for Cannoniers, Bombardiers, <i>&amp;c.</i>
+as Country Fellows? but those Country Fellows (as the Author is pleased
+to call them) were disciplin'd Men, capable of doing their Duty; in
+which they wanted no Aid, till Death and Sickness had reduced them so
+low, that it was necessary they should be reinforced both from the Army
+and the Fleet. The extraordinary Conference mentioned by the Author
+(page 56.) to have been held between the General and them, I can safely
+affirm, has not the least Foundation.</p>
+
+<p>That many of the Bomb-Shells broke in the Air, from some Defect in their
+Fusees, or never broke at all, is undoubtedly Fact; which probably was
+occasioned by Damage they had received at Sea, and which could not be
+repaired, as we had neither Time nor Convenience for it, before their
+being wanted for Service. The Grenado-Shells were of the same Sort, of
+the very same Dimensions with those usually issued out from the Office
+of Ordnance; nor was there ever before the least mention made of their
+having been deficient. The Reason given for their not breaking is no
+great Proof of the Author's Skill, as an Engineer; for it is well known,
+that one single Ounce of Gunpowder is sufficient (if pro<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>perly confined)
+to rend in Pieces a Stone weighting several Tuns.</p>
+
+<p>The eight twenty-four Pounders, put on board for the Use of the
+Expedition, were all landed at <i>Boca-Chica</i> fit for Service, and were
+there actually made use of upon the Battery, where two of them were
+rendered unserviceable.</p>
+
+<p>One hundred Baulks, and three hundred Battery Planks, were by an Order
+from the Board of Ordnance, bearing date, <i>May</i> 1740, issued out of the
+Stores, and imbark'd for the Use of the Expedition; but Lord <i>Cathcart</i>,
+having after the Imbarkation of the Troops, been informed that no
+further Supply could be had in the <i>West-Indies</i>, tho' the contrary had
+been represented to the Board of Ordnance; He applied for an Addition of
+one hundred Baulks, and 300 Planks, which were put on board before the
+Fleet sailed; as were likewise 4050 Hand-bills, his Lordship deeming the
+1000 already provided not to be sufficient.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the whole, nothing could more demonstrate the Goodness of this
+Army, than the Service they performed, not only amidst the almost
+insuperable Difficulties, which arose from the Climate, but labouring
+under the utmost Distresses and Discouragements from a Quarter, whence
+the Reverse ought justly to have been expected. Were the Instruments
+imploy'd on the late Expedition such as the Author of the Pamphlet is
+pleased to describe, there would be no great Difficulty in accounting
+for its Miscarriage; the which, Lord <i>Cathcart</i> (had he lived) could
+probably not have prevented: but as it does, I think, evidently appear,
+that what the Author has advanced to the Prejudice of the Land Forces,
+is false and groundless, and that they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> performed whatever was possible
+for them to do in their Situation, our Misfortunes are to be ascribed to
+some other Cause; they were, without Doubt, principally occasioned by
+the Climate. What further may have contributed, nothing would set in a
+more clear Light, than an exact and faithful Account of every
+Transaction, not only during the Time of the Troops lying before
+<i>Carthagena</i>, but to that of their being recalled. Such an Account
+cannot but be very acceptable to all those who had a Share in that
+unfortunate Expedition, and had no other End in View but the publick
+Service. And, I am well assured, to none more than to the Gentleman, on
+whom the Command devolved by the Death of Lord <i>Cathcart</i>, who has all
+possible Reason to desire, that his whole Conduct may undergo the
+strictest Scrutiny.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot conclude without remarking, as something extraordinary, the
+Justice done by the Author in his last Paragraph to the common Soldiers;
+but which is surely no less due to the Officers, who led them on, and by
+following whose brave Example, they gave evident Proofs, that they
+wanted not for Courage and Resolution becoming <i>Englishmen</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h3>FINIS.</h3>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The principal Council of War, consisted of the two eldest Officers
+of the Army, of the two eldest Officers of the Navy, and of the Governor
+of <i>Jamaica</i>, whenever he could be present. It was the Province of this
+Council to determine what Enterprizes should be undertaken.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <i>Vide</i> Note (<i>a</i>) in the late Pamphlet, entituled, <i>An Account of
+the Expedition to</i> Carthagena.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Upon its being first debated, whether an Attempt should be made on
+<i>Carthagena</i>, the General declared, that, as he was a Stranger in those
+Seas, he had no Knowledge of the then present State of that City; and
+that he should join with the Admiral in his Opinion; not doubting of his
+being well inform'd of every Circumstance relating to the Entry into the
+Harbour, the Strength of the Garrison, <i>&amp;c.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> In relating this Transaction (<i>vide</i> P. 7. note Letter <i>c</i>) the
+very candid Author of the Account of the Siege of <i>Carthagena</i>, is
+pleas'd to affirm, that <i>the General landed with a Body of 800
+Grenadiers, but not thinking them sufficient, reimbark'd, and sent for
+more</i>: There was not the least Step taken, which could give Colour for
+such an Assertion; excepting that Capt. <i>Dennet</i>, who commanded General
+<i>Harrison</i>'s Grenadiers, being apprehensive, that the General would give
+those of his own Regiment the Honour of landing first, push'd forward
+without Orders, and leaped on Shore with five or six Men: which the
+General perceiving, and that the rest of the Boats began to move in
+Confusion towards the Beach; he order'd those who had landed, (who were
+only <i>Dennet</i>, and the few Men abovementioned) to reimbark, and with the
+rest of the Boats to lay along-side of the <i>Norfolk</i> and <i>Russel</i>, there
+to wait for the Arrival of the Companies, which were still wanting: Nor,
+had all the Companies of Grenadiers, been compleat to a Man, could they
+have exceeded 648 Officers included: but that was far from being the
+Case; for not only <i>Robinson</i>'s Grenadiers were then absent, having been
+separated from the Fleet, but the rest were at that Time so far reduced
+by Sickness, as not to amount to 400 Men, as it will appear from the
+Adjutant's Books.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Had the Author of the Account, (<i>vide</i> Note <i>d</i>,) been present on
+Shore, where probably he was not, he might have observed that all
+possible Diligence was used, to put the Men under Cover; and if he is in
+any wise capable of judging of military Operations at Land, he must have
+known that the Camp could not have been so properly formed in any other
+Place, for carrying on the Attack on the Castle of <i>Boca-Chica</i>; nor, if
+advanced higher into the Woods, could it have been supplied with Water,
+or the Tents pitch'd on that rocky Soil, which will not admit of the
+driving down a Tent Pin; but setting aside that Difficulty, how the
+Tents could have been pitch'd without cutting down the Trees, from whose
+Shade, as the Author alledges, the Soldiers would have been so much
+benefited, I really do not comprehend; nor would they have been less
+exposed to the Enemy's Shot, excepting they had incamped out of the
+Reach of it, which could not have answered the End proposed by their
+Landing.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Mr. <i>Moor</i> was of Opinion, that if an Opening should be made
+through the Wood from the Camp to the <i>Lagoon</i>, where the Enemy's Ships
+of War lay at Anchor, it might be a means of directing their fire: That
+the Admiral sollicited the General to continue this Coupure, is, I
+believe, true; but that it would have answer'd the Purposes mention'd in
+the latter part of the Note (<i>f</i>) in the Pamphlet, is not so evident. As
+the Enemy was in Possession of the <i>Lagoon</i>, they would not surely send
+Succours cross the <i>Boca-Grande</i>, (where Ships were posted to observe
+their Motions) thence with Hazard to pass the <i>Tierra Bomba</i>; which
+Succours could be conveyed by the way of the Harbour, without Danger or
+Interruption: nor could that Coupure be of the least Use to enable us to
+observe what passed in the Harbour, of which we daily received Accounts
+from the abovementioned Ships, or from our small Parties; nor, if there
+was Danger to be apprehended from the Enemy's Incursions, (which there
+was not) could this Coupure have prevented them, as it was not much less
+than 1000 Paces from the Castle of <i>Boca-Chica</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> The Communication between the Mortar-Battery and the Camp (<i>vide</i>
+Letter <i>g</i> in the Pamphlet) was covered from the Shot of the Castle by a
+rising Ground, nor was one Man killed during the whole Time in passing
+between that and the Camp, nor did one single Shot take Place in it from
+the Fascine Battery, from which it was in great Measure secured by its
+natural Situation, which was help'd by a Parapet. Several of the Bombs
+most certainly broke in the Air, without any Effect; which was possibly
+occasioned by the splitting of the Fuzees, in driving them into the
+Shells. Nor (notwithstanding what the Author is pleased to advance) did
+we suffer much from those thrown by the Enemy; one of which fell near
+the Mortar-Battery, and killed 6 or 7 Men; a few took Place in the
+Artillery-Park, (whither they were chiefly directed) damaged some Casks
+of working Tools, and two or three Carriages; but the greatest Part of
+them were either extinguished by falling into the Water, or buried
+themselves so deep in the Sand, as to break without any ill Effect
+whatsoever.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Fascines and Pickets (<i>vide</i> the beginning of the Note <i>f</i>) had
+not only been cut during the Fleet's watering at <i>Hispaniola</i>, but after
+our landing on <i>Tierra Bomba</i>, all possible Diligence was daily used, to
+compleat the Number required for erecting the Batteries. Nothing can be
+more absurd than to imagine that so skilful an Engineer, as was Mr.
+<i>Moor</i>, could be so widely mistaken as to the Quantity. As soon as the
+Ground was cleared, and proper Works thrown up to cover the Workmen, he
+began with such Materials as were ready, and had from the Fleet no other
+Assistance than 18 Carpenters for laying the Platforms; the Seamen were
+employed, (and that was properly their Province) in landing the Stores
+and Cannon; in getting the latter up to the Battery, and they afterwards
+assisted in firing of it; (most of the Gunners being at that time either
+Dead, or disabled by Sickness) besides 150 of them were for one or two
+Days employed to cut Fascines, but were so ungovernable as to be of
+little Service.
+</p><p>
+How far the Author may be qualified to judge of the Knowledge of the
+Sub-Engineers, Time may discover; was Mr. <i>Moor</i> still living, he could
+well answer for the Construction of his Battery. He rais'd it not
+exactly parallel to the Face where the Breach was made, for a very
+powerful Reason: to prevent its being flank'd from the <i>Barradera</i>
+Battery, and by that means preserved the Lives of a great many Men, who
+must otherwise have been lost. It is not improbable, that the Author
+believ'd the Line of Communication, between the great Gun-Battery and
+the Camp, to have been expos'd to the Enemy's Shot, and therefore never
+came near it; or he must have known that it was neither enfiladed from
+the Castle, nor the Shipping, and that the few Men who were killed
+there, fell by Shot which glanced from the Trees, and did not exceed 7
+or 8 during the whole Time the Troops lay before the Castle. (<i>vide</i>
+Note <i>b</i>)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> The Troops were certainly annoyed in their Camp by the Enemy's
+Cannon, and particularly by the Fascine Battery: an Inconvenience which,
+in their Circumstances, was absolutely necessary to be supported, as by
+their removing to so great a Distance, as to be out of the reach of
+their Shot, the great Gun-Battery must have been expos'd to be insulted,
+which would at least have for some Time retarded the taking of the
+Castle, if not oblig'd us to retire.
+</p><p>
+The base Insinuation relating to the Troops being moved without regular
+Orders, is absolutely groundless: The Independants from <i>Jamaica</i>, not
+arriving till after the Camp was formed, they were ordered to clear the
+Ground upon the Left, and there to pitch their Tents; where 200
+<i>Americans</i>, and part of Lord <i>James Cavendish</i>'s and of Col. <i>Bland</i>'s
+Regiments, joined them from the Fleet. To make the more Room for the
+Artillery-Park, <i>Harrison</i>'s Regiment was, by Order, removed to the same
+Ground; as afterwards were those Regiments, which were the most exposed
+to the Fire from the Fascine Battery, and had suffered greatly in their
+Tents, Arms, <i>&amp;c.</i> Nor, till then, did any of the General Officers
+remove to the new Encampment; which was indeed in some Measure covered
+by a Rock from the Fire of the Fascine Battery, but was not the less
+exposed to that from the Shipping and the Castle, by which Lieutenant
+Col. <i>Sandford</i> and several others there lost their Lives.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Nothing can be more false than what the Author of the Pamphlet
+asserts in his Note (<i>e</i>) of no Application having been made, nor any
+particular Scheme form'd for landing the Cannon and Stores. <i>March</i> the
+10th, the Day after the Grenadiers had taken Possession of the two
+Forts, the General went in Person on board the Admiral to concert
+Measures with him for putting on Shore the Cannon, Ammunition, <i>&amp;c.</i> and
+was by him, the Admiral, informed, that a Captain of a Man of War
+appointed for that Service, was gone on board the Ordnance Ships to give
+the proper Directions; the General, without Delay, order'd his Barge to
+row thither, and signify'd to the said Captain (who is since dead) both
+the Quantity and Species of Stores proper to be landed; and at the same
+time particularly mentioned to him the Inconvenience which would attend
+the putting on Shore more than were necessary for present Service.
+Notwithstanding (probably from the Want of Time and Means for sorting
+the Stores, <i>&amp;c.</i>) whatever first came to hand, was thrown into the
+Boats, sent to Shore, and confusedly cast upon the Beach. Whence they
+were removed by Matrosses and Soldiers appointed for that Service, and
+secured in the best Manner our Circumstances would admit of; but
+(excepting that some of the Powder received Damage from its having been
+placed by the Sailors upon the Shore within the Reach of the Surf of the
+Sea) none of the Stores were wash'd away, which indeed might possibly
+have happen'd, if timely Care had not been taken to prevent it.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> This bold and surprising Enterprize (as the Author of the Pamphlet
+is pleased to stile it in his Note <i>i</i>) seems to be celebrated with all
+the Rhetorick he is Master of: It is observable, that he makes no
+mention of the two hundred Soldiers, who were detached on the same
+Occasion, which possibly he may have forgot; as likewise, that, tho' by
+the Admiral's Disposition, the Soldiers were posted in the Rear; when
+landed, they were called for to advance, and a Lane made for their
+passing towards the Front, which probably might be occasioned by their
+being armed more properly than the Sailors, for returning the Fire of
+the Enemy's small Arms. I cannot, without doing Injustice to Capt.
+<i>Washington</i>, the Honourable Mr. <i>Murray</i>, and to the rest of the Land
+Officers, who were detach'd on this Occasion, join with the Author in
+passing over their gallant Behaviour in Silence; nor would I be wanting
+in the Praises due to Capt. <i>Boscawen</i>, Capt. <i>Watson</i>, Capt. <i>Coates</i>,
+&amp;c. who commanded the Sailors, who, as they have ever done, performed
+their Duty with great Bravery and Resolution, and particularly
+Lieutenant, now Captain <i>Forrest</i>, who, with the foremost, enter'd the
+Battery Sword in Hand; the Enemy having fled with Precipitation into the
+Woods, and the Soldiers being posted upon the Avenues, the Seamen set
+about spiking the Guns, destroying the Carriages, and tearing up the
+Platforms; but one of them having imprudently put Fire to the Guard
+House, they were discovered by the Enemy, and consequently exposed to
+the Fire from the Castle, <i>&amp;c.</i> the Commandant therefore thought it
+advisable to retire, before the Battery could be effectually
+demolish'd.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Two or three Boats were observed to pass between the Castle and
+the <i>Barradera</i> Battery (not hundreds of Men as the Author alledges in
+Note <i>l</i>) who carry'd People sufficient so far to repair the Damage,
+which had been done, as in a short time to renew the Fire; an evident
+Proof both to the Army, and to the Navy, that the Battery had not been
+effectually demolish'd.
+</p><p>
+That the Army had work'd to some purpose (tho' the Author insinuates the
+contrary) plainly appears from their having made two Coupures thro' the
+Woods, cut the Fascines and Pickets, raised the Battery, and conveyed
+thither the Stores and Ammunition; in which last they had some
+Assistance from the Sailors, and not a great deal from the Negroes. Had
+the Army the least Room for Resentment before, the sixty Gun Ship was
+sent in to interrupt the Enemy's repairing the Fascine Battery, any
+Thing she perform'd, could by no Means cool it; for the fired at so
+great a Distance, as to give the Enemy very little Disturbance.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The Author of the Pamphlet, in his extraordinary Note, Letter
+(<i>m</i>) mentions, <i>five hundred Sailors to have been employed in erecting
+the Battery</i>, tho' in Fact the Navy contributed to it, only 18
+Carpenters. He adds, that, "<i>as more Time and Men were employed in it
+than were necessary, much Execution may be expected therefrom</i>." What
+more could be expected from it, than forcing the Enemy to abandon the
+Castle? "<i>but the Engineers could not out-do themselves; they erected
+the Battery in a Wood</i>." They might not out-do themselves, but they
+certainly did perfectly well; for by erecting their Battery under the
+Cover of the Wood, many Mens Lives were saved, and the Work was carried
+on without the Enemy's being able to interrupt their Progress.
+</p><p>
+He is likewise pleased to condemn them <i>for not clearing more Ground
+than was necessary</i>; a Circumstance, which, I should think, rather
+deserves his Approbation, as they avoided, improperly, to fatigue the
+Workmen, but this Caution, it seems was used, that the Enemy might not
+see the Army; if such a Sight would have given the Enemy any
+Satisfaction, I much doubt; or whether it would have answer'd to have
+obliged them at the Expence of cutting down 600 or 700 Paces of thick
+Wood, which intercepted their View of the Camp; but that the Army did
+not decline either then, or on any other Occasion, to look the Enemy in
+the Face, there have been too evident Proofs. No Man, who saw the
+Position of the Battery, could have the least Room to doubt of its
+bearing upon the Castle, as soon as a narrow Screen of Wood, which
+cover'd it, should be cut away. What is alledged, that no Guns could be
+brought to bear upon the Enemies Shipping, is absolutely false; there
+were no less than seven, of which two were thought sufficient for that
+Purpose, which fir'd red hot Balls, and did good Execution. It is most
+certain, that if no Epaulment had been thrown up, the Battery might have
+been rak'd, which was easily foreseen, and timely prevented. The Sailors
+behaved well, and would have done better, had they been more under
+Direction; but they did no more than their Duty, either in assisting to
+erect the Battery, in which they had but a very small Share, or in
+firing of it, as they were expressly order'd so to do by his Majesty.
+Without all Doubt it was Mr. <i>Moor</i>'s Intention to batter the western
+Face of the Bastion, and to beat down its Defences, which was evident,
+not only from the Construction, but from the Effect of the Battery. I
+must own I cannot but admire at the Author's Conclusion, that the
+Success was owing to Chance, because, if the Enemy had cleared more
+Ground round the Castle, the Undertaking would have been more difficult.
+I readily join with him, that it would have been so; tho' in the
+Beginning of this Note, the Engineers are condemn'd for making the best
+Advantage of the Wood, which the Enemy had so imprudently left standing.
+"The Engineers could by no Means out-do themselves; the Battery was
+constructed in a Wood."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> In the Note, Letter (<i>o</i>), it is alledged, that the Admiral sent
+in these Ships to oblige the General; The Truth of the Fact is this; The
+Ground over which the Troops were to march to attack the Breach, being
+flank'd both from Fort St. <i>Joseph</i>, and from the Fascine Battery, it
+was, <i>March</i> the 22d, resolved in a Council of War, composed of Land
+Officers, to represent that Circumstance to the Admiral, and that they
+deem'd the Breach could not be attempted, without great Loss, from the
+Fire of Fort St. <i>Joseph</i>, and the Fascine Battery, if some Means could
+not be used by the Fleet to divert their Fire. The Day following, the
+Admiral signify'd to the General by Letter, "<i>That he had formed a Plan
+for bringing in the Men of War to make a general Attack on the Enemy's
+Forts and Batteries</i>"; to which he adds, "<i>that nothing but the
+Necessity of the Case can justify us in these Resolutions, as it is
+against our Judgment, as Seamen</i>." After the Opening of the great Gun
+Battery, the Castle Guns, which bore upon the Camp, were soon silenced;
+but it was apparent, even to Land-Men, that our Men of War could do
+little or no Damage to those of the Enemy's Shipping, which, at that
+time, began to be made very uneasy by the red-hot Balls from the great
+Gun Battery.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> It may be remark'd (<i>Vide n. q.</i>) though perhaps not as a Thing
+very extraordinary, that either the Author of the Pamphlet was, at that
+time on board, securely asleep in his Bed, or that he knowingly avers
+what is absolutely false; for that Night the Battery was, by particular
+Order, fired, both with Grape and round Shot, alternatively, and without
+any other Intermission, than was necessary to cool the Guns; for, it
+having been observed, that the Enemy was raising a Fascine Work behind
+the Breach, all possible Care was taken to retard its Progress during
+the Night.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> The Author's being mistaken as to some Circumstances relating to
+the Attack, (<i>Vide</i> his Note <i>r</i>) is easily to be excused; for, if he
+saw it at all, it must probably have been at a great Distance through a
+Spying Glass; but, as he is pleased in the latter Part of his Note to
+reassume his favourite Topick, the throwing out scurrilous Reflections
+upon the Land Forces, I cannot pass them over unobserved. This Success
+was undoubtedly, neither disagreeable to the Army, nor to the Navy; the
+former having undergone Hardships, such as no modern Soldiers, or
+Sailors, had been accustomed to, nor perhaps many in former Times; nor
+did the Army propose any Advantage in being possessed of an Island (as
+the Author insinuates) but imbarked on board their Transports with all
+possible Expedition, in order to proceed to the Attack of the City.
+</p><p>
+That so formidable a Fleet was employ'd to little other Purpose, but to
+attend upon the Army, and to convoy their Transports, was with Regret
+observed, both by the Officers of the Army, and of the Navy; but surely
+so ridiculous a Thought could never enter into any Man's Imagination, as
+that the Soldiers should march along the Shore, the Fleet within Call,
+crying out to them for Help, or that they could not find their Way into
+the Castle without a Sea Pilot to conduct them: A Story, which has not
+the least Foundation; Lieutenant <i>Bennett</i>, the Gentleman, who led the
+Forlorn-Hope, and Mr. <i>Watson</i>, the Engineer, who accompanied him, are
+still living, and can testify, that no Sea Pilot, no <i>Spaniard</i>, no
+Prisoner, was upon that Attack; and I am well assured, that no such
+Person was ever thought of by the General to be employ'd on that
+Occasion.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> This Scheme (<i>Vide</i> Note <i>s</i>) if there was any, seems to have been
+contrived chiefly for a Pretext to give the Sailors the Credit of
+whatsoever should be performed by the Land Forces; the Troops were
+certainly moving to the Attack, if not in Possession of the Castle, at
+the time, when Capt. <i>Knowles</i>'s Detachment could be first discovered by
+the Enemy; when it is not very probable, that they should lessen their
+Force by sending away large Boats full of Men (which I do not find were
+perceived by any body excepting the Author) to Fort St. <i>Joseph</i>; or
+give any Attention, but to the most pressing Danger: It is really true,
+that both the Ships and Fort St. <i>Joseph</i> fired, but at the Troops, not
+at the Boats from the Fleet, which, when they came to Land, were both
+out of the Enemy's Sight, and out of the Reach of their Guns.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> The <i>Passa-Cavallos</i> is the only Creek, thro' which Provisions can
+be conveyed into the <i>Lagoon</i>, and from thence to the City, with which
+all Communication was effectually cut off, as soon as the Fleet was in
+Possession of the Harbour.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Capt. <i>Knowles</i> was appointed Governor of <i>Castillo Grande</i>; and
+to do him the more Honour (there could be no other End proposed, as
+there was no Possibility of the Enemies retaking of it) near 100 very
+useful Men of Lord <i>James Cavendish</i>'s, and Colonel <i>Bland</i>'s Regiments,
+were left in Garrison, and there continued till after the Troops
+reimbark'd, tho' of the Number required by the General to be landed
+(<i>Vide</i> Notes in the Pamphlet <i>v</i>, and <i>w</i>).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> The most apparent Reason for the Enemy's burning the <i>French</i>
+Ship, was their concluding, that she must otherwise fall into our Hands,
+when our Men of War advanced to the Head of the Harbour; for they could
+apprehend little Danger to her from the Fire of <i>Castillo Grande</i>, as it
+lies only within a large random Shot from the Place, where she lay at
+Anchor.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> The Author of the Pamphlet in his Note (<i>y</i>) is pleased to affirm,
+"<i>That things were on this Occasion (as they had been throughout the
+whole) done without Order or Method; for notwithstanding the Army had
+been apprized of the Enemy's having made Lodgments along the Road; yet
+they landed without a Grenado Shell, or Field-Piece; and were likewise
+told the Road was even able to sustain the Weight of the heaviest
+Cannon</i>." Here the Author, as has been his Method thro' his whole
+Pamphlet, boldly asserts, without the least Foundation; for, it is
+evident, both from the Resolutions of Councils of War, and from publick
+Orders, that no Step was taken here, nor indeed upon any other Occasion,
+without a Plan first laid down; and (where Time would admit of it) well
+consider'd, and approved by a Council of War.
+</p><p>
+It is very certain, that when Mr. <i>Macpherson</i>, the Guide, was
+conducting the Troops thro' the Defill&eacute;e, he expressed no little
+Uneasiness on the Account of Lodgments, which he apprehended we should
+find upon our Route; but nothing of that Sort appeared, excepting, that
+a few Bushes were placed, in Order, in an Opening upon our right Flank,
+possibly with a Design to cover some small Party, who had retired into
+the Wood. But had our Landing been postponed, till the Arrival of
+Ordnance Ships from the Mouth of the Harbour, the Field-Pieces,
+Granado-Shells, <i>&amp;c.</i> which were then on board them, might indeed have
+been wanting to force such Works, as the Enemy would probably have
+finished during that Delay; which was prevented by boldly pushing thro'
+the Defill&eacute;es to <i>La Quinta</i>; the Post of which, the Army was to possess
+themselves, "<i>for cutting off the Communication of the City with the
+Country, and for covering the Landing of the Artillery</i>". As Loss of
+Time might, on this Occasion, have been attended with the worst
+Consequences, the General found it necessary to advance without the
+<i>American</i> Soldiers, Negroes, <i>&amp;c.</i> which Disappointment cannot in any
+wise be attributed to the Officers of the Army, as the providing Boats
+for Landing the Forces was intirely under the Direction of the Navy.
+</p><p>
+Both our Motions, and those of the Enemy, might probably be seen from
+the Ships, their Masts being at that time crouded with Spectators; but
+what the Author alledges of the Execution they did upon the Enemy is not
+Fact. Whilst the Troops were moving along the Strand, some random Shots
+were made by the <i>Weymouth</i>, which killed one single <i>Spanish</i> Negro,
+and were very near taking Place amongst our most advanced People; but
+were so far from obliging the Enemy to disperse, that they did not make
+the least Movement, till after being push'd by our Grenadiers.
+</p><p>
+That it was the general Opinion, that the City would have fallen into
+our Hands the first Day we landed, had the Troops push'd forward, is so
+far from being true, that had they been suffer'd to advance further, not
+an Officer but must, and would have condemn'd the General for exposing
+them without the least Probability of Success.
+</p><p>
+The Object proposed on our first Landing was the taking Post at <i>La
+Quinta</i>; "there to cut off the City's Communication with the Country, to
+cover the Landing of the rest of the Forces, and of the Artillery; and
+to clear Ground for the Encampment," which was mark'd out that very Day;
+but the Tents could not be pitched without first cutting down a thick
+Copse Wood; which, as soon as the Negroes and Tools were landed, was
+done with all possible Expedition. To have advanced further, in our
+Circumstances, would have been not only acting inconsistently with the
+Rules of War, but of common Sense, for we were entirely Strangers to the
+Road leading to <i>Carthagena</i>; the Guide, Mr. <i>Macpherson</i>, having, as
+soon as the Enemy appeared, gone on board a Ship to view their Posture
+from the Main-top-mast-Head and did not return till the Affair was
+ended; we had neither Tools to throw up a Lodgment, nor Negroes to
+reconnoitre the Woods on our Flanks; besides, the Day advancing, the
+Heat was become so violent, that great Numbers must have fainted under
+the Fatigue.
+</p><p>
+From the Author's own Description of the Fort St. <i>Lazar</i> (Page 53.) it
+is far from appearing to be so despicable a Redoubt, as with any
+Prospect of Success, to be attempted in the open Day, without
+Scaling-Ladders, <i>&amp;c.</i> nor can I conceive how a Body of 1400 Men, with
+only their Firelocks in their hands, could (supposing the Fort to be
+taken) afterwards force their Way cross a Draw-bridge, commanded by
+Cannon, into a City fortify'd with double Walls, and two broad Ditches
+filled with Water, flanked by regular Bastions, and defended by a
+Garrison more than double the Number of the Assailants; for the Body,
+which was drawn up on the Strand, was scarcely a fifth Part of the
+Garrison, and they fled thro' the Woods, where they could not be
+pursued, directly towards the City.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> The Stores and Ammunition which were landed at <i>La Quinta</i>, were
+carefully lodged in an House out of the Line of Fire, and a Guard put
+over them, (<i>vide</i> Note in the Pamphlet (<i>a</i>) page 34.) The brave
+Officer, there so unjustly reflected upon, wants no Advocate, and will
+be easily able to clear himself of the Aspersions cast upon him,
+whenever the Author of them shall be pleased to declare himself.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> It is certain (Note <i>b</i>.) that the Enemy were very diligent in
+preparing for their Defence, nor was it in the power of the Army to
+interrupt them one Instant sooner than the Attack was made, from the
+want of Scaling Ladders, <i>&amp;c.</i> being landed: What Time they employed in
+compleating their Works, or whether they did ever compleat them, it is
+not possible for the Author of the Pamphlet to judge, tho' 'tis well
+known they were begun upon, from the Time of our being possessed of
+<i>Boca-Chica</i>, if not before; but if he had been pleased candidly to have
+informed himself, he would have observed that our Mortar Battery at the
+Advanced Guard (<i>vide</i> page 35.) play'd in 48 Hours after it was first
+begun upon; and that the Intrenchment there was finished in 18 Hours. I
+cannot but observe, that what the Author of the Pamphlet here affirms
+(<i>vide</i> Note <i>b</i>, page 36) seems quite contradictory to what he advances
+(page 54) in the Appendix; in the one Place, <i>'tis declared that the
+Enemy had thrown up Intrenchments round about the Foot of the Castle,
+stronger and of more Importance than the Castle it self</i>: In the other,
+<i>that the Castle on the Side of the Town was quite defenseless</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> The Communication of the city (<i>vide</i> Note 6 page 36) with the
+Country on that Side, where the Army was incamp'd, was effectually cut
+off the very Day they landed; nor did the General (as the Author
+alledges) want to be prevail'd upon to do the same on the Side next to
+the Sea, but found it impracticable without the Assistance of the Fleet,
+which was promised, and comply'd with, when it was too late.
+</p><p>
+The Author seems very careful to celebrate the great Attention given, to
+the preventing Supplies from entering the Town to Sea-ward; which was to
+be done without the least Difficulty or Hazard, particularly after the
+Fleet had got Admittance into the <i>Lagoon</i>: But passes over in Silence,
+that no less Attention was given to prevent Refreshments being conveyed
+to the Army; it was even refused to the General to admit of sending out
+two or three small Vessels, to catch Turtle for the use of the Sick and
+Wounded: If the Army complain'd heavily, it was not without Reason; for
+during our Stay before <i>Carthagena</i>, the Fleet was supplied with Turtle,
+fresh Beef, <i>&amp;c.</i> which the Land Forces on Shore laboured under the
+greatest Difficulties, even from the want of their Salt Provisions,
+which were not regularly conveyed to them.
+</p><p>
+The Author, with his usual Regard to Truth, affirms that a drove of
+Cattle was thro' neglect suffered to pass into the City. The Instant,
+the General was apprised from the Officer at the Convent, that a drove
+of Cattle was seen moving towards the City, he ordered out a Party to
+intercept them, who march'd with all the Expedition which was possible
+in that hot Climate, but were not so fortunate as to come up with them;
+of which some Part had probably dispersed in the Woods, and others, (as
+we were afterwards informed,) got into the Town. 'Tis not to be imagined
+that Men so distressed from the want of fresh Provisions, (even by the
+Author's own Account,) would have omitted any thing in their Power, to
+get such a Prey into their Hands; nor was due Encouragement wanting, a
+Reward of a Pistole for each Beeve, being promis'd to the Captors. Two
+or three small Islands lie in the Lake at about 500 Paces from the
+Shore, upon the right of the Ground where we encamped; which being
+observed to be sometimes frequented by the Spaniards, Application was
+made for a Boat, to know for what End these People came there, and to
+search for Goods, Provisions, <i>&amp;c.</i> which might be lodged there; this I
+presume gave occasion for the pretty Story form'd by the Author. What
+idle Tales might be propagated in the Camp (perhaps by the Author
+himself) relating to raising Batteries, I cannot say; but I am well
+assur'd no Man in his Senses believ'd them.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> As many of the <i>American</i> Soldiers were suspected to be <i>Irish</i>
+Papists (<i>vide</i> Note in the Pamphlet Letter (<i>d</i>) page 39) it was though
+adviseable both by the General and the Admiral, to employ them
+principally on Board the Fleet; but the Regiments which came from
+Europe, being now reduced low in their Numbers, made it absolutely
+necessary, that the <i>Americans</i> should be included in the Corps design'd
+for the Attempt on <i>Carthagena</i>.
+</p><p>
+This Reinforcement (as the Author stiles it) was only some Part of those
+Soldiers, which the General had required to be landed from the Fleet,
+and did not in Fact compleat the Troops on Shore, to numbers sufficient
+for proper Reliefs for the ordinary and extraordinary Duty;
+notwithstanding, had it been practicable to have victualled and
+sustained them, a Detachment had without doubt been made, even from the
+Numbers which were landed, to cut off the Communication on the <i>Eastern</i>
+Side of the City; the General having great Reason to expect a further
+Supply from the Admiral.
+</p><p>
+That the Author should be ignorant of what Guards were necessary,
+perhaps may not be look'd upon as a Thing very extraordinary; I shall,
+however, give here a Detail of them.
+</p><p>
+The City being garrison'd by at least 3500 Men; it was found necessary
+to post an advanc'd Guard of 500 Men at a large House upon the Road
+leading to it. The Picket-Guard consisted of 500 more, from whence was
+detached a Captain's Guard to the right of the Camp, where there was a
+Path leading towards the City. There were the Quarter-Guards, the
+Generals-Guard, those on the Ammunition, Provisions, and a Captain and
+fifty Men at the Convent; amounting in the whole to about 1300 Men,
+besides extraordinary Parties; and 600 <i>American</i> Soldiers, who were set
+apart to be ready to assist in landing Stores, cutting Fascines, or in
+any other Work, as occasion should require. Whether fewer Guards could
+have been employed in our Circumstances, or if 4350 Men, (the most which
+were landed, and those hourly diminishing by Death and Sickness) could
+afford sufficient Reliefs for the Guards abovementioned, I submit to any
+Judge of military Operations at Land to determine.
+</p><p>
+Had the Author's Curiosity led him to reconnoitre the Enemy's Guards, he
+might have observed a Body of 300 Men posted at the Foot of the Hill, on
+which is the Fort St. <i>Lazar</i>, and another of about fifty Men, advanced
+300 Paces further, under some Cocoa-trees, which might easily have been
+sustained by the whole Garrison.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> The principal Engineer Mr. <i>Armstrong</i>, (<i>vide</i> Note in the
+Pamphlet Letter (<i>f</i>) page 40) made a judicious and clear Report, of the
+Number of Men, and of the Time which would be wanting to erect a
+Battery: An Undertaking which he, and every intelligent Person, who was
+acquainted with the then Circumstances of the Troops on Shore, must
+foresee would be attended with insuperable Difficulties; he could not
+therefore honestly advise it.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Of the nine Officers on the Council of War (<i>vide</i> note (<i>c</i>) in
+the Pamphlet page 39.) only two were against the Attack, without having
+first erected a Battery; nor was the least Objection made to it, on the
+Account of its not having been well reconnoitred, the contrary being
+very apparent; the Guides were Deserters (and no other could be had) who
+for their Security had been sent on Board the Admiral's Ships, and were
+by him, at the General's Desire, ordered on Shore, the Evening before
+the Attack.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> After having taken into Consideration (<i>vide</i> Pamphlet Note (<i>g</i>)
+page 40) what Hour would be the most proper for surprising the Enemy,
+and carefully weighed the Reports of Deserters, <i>&amp;c.</i> it was resolved by
+the Council of War, that the Attack should be made a little before break
+of Day, a Time which has ever been look'd upon as the most proper for
+Surprizes, the Guards being then fatigued by their Watching, during the
+Night, and then most likely to be fallen asleep.
+</p><p>
+The Author of the Pamphlet, is here pleased to condemn the General for
+not attacking at two in the Morning; <i>because the Guards at that Hour
+returned to their respective Homes, and went to Bed, where having
+composed themselves to Sleep, they could not easily be rouz'd to Fight</i>.
+These extraordinary Guards being therefore (as the Author supposes)
+safely lodged in their Beds; with regard to them, it must have been
+matter of Indifference, whether the Attack was made at two, or five in
+the Morning. That these Arguments (if any such were used) were of no
+force with the General, I entirely agree with the Author: For surely no
+Man in his right Senses could imagine that the Patrols round an advanced
+Post, hourly in Danger of being insulted, should be suffered to retire
+at two in the Morning.
+</p><p>
+Colonel <i>Grant</i> was so far from having enter'd the Enemy's Trenches at
+the Foot of the Castle (as the Author alledges) with a Party of
+Grenadiers, and being there cut off from the Want of being sustained,
+that he received his Wound the Instant he reach'd the Top of the Hill.
+The Guide having been killed about the same time, was probably the
+Occasion, that Lieutenant-Colonel <i>Hamon</i> (who was the next in Command)
+advanced no farther, but remained on the Side of the Hill; where (when
+the Day broke) the Troops were exposed both to the Enemy's great and
+small Shot; which Misfortune ought not surely to be attributed to any
+Defect in the Disposition, but to unavoidable Accidents, by which in War
+the best concerted Schemes are frequently disappointed.
+</p><p>
+That the Grenado Shells were carried in Boxes in the Rear, and no
+lighted Match provided, will appear to be a palpable Falsehood from the
+Testimony of the Gentlemen of the Train, who delivered them out, and are
+still living. What might possibly give some Colour for this Assertion,
+was, the Grenadiers not carrying their Pouches in that excessive hot
+Climate; it was found necessary, that a Party of <i>American</i> Soldiers
+should receive the Grenados in Bags, and attend the Grenadiers with them
+to the Foot of the Hill; which was accordingly ordered, but in the dark,
+the Party, which had the Charge of the Shells, fell back into the Rear,
+and did not come up with them till after the Attack was begun.
+</p><p>
+As the Scaling Ladders could not be brought to the Foot of the Walls,
+nor the Wool Packs and working Tools be made use of, till we were in
+Possession of the Breast-work, they were carried in the Rear of the
+Troops, who were ordered to force it.
+</p><p>
+The Scaling Ladders were called for on the Right, and some of them got
+up the Hill; but Colonel <i>Grant</i> met his Fate too soon to be able to
+advance so far as to have the least Occasion for them on the Left; nor
+could the Officer the next in Command even have tried to make use of
+them, as the <i>American</i> Soldiers, who had the Charge of them
+(notwithstanding the utmost Endeavours of their Officers to prevent it)
+call them down, and either took up Firelocks, or put themselves under
+Cover from the Shot of the Enemy.
+</p><p>
+I cannot but add in Justice to the <i>American</i> Soldiers, who were
+commanded with Arms on that Occasion, that they were in no wise wanting
+to their Duty.
+</p><p>
+That the Admiral was neither by Letter, nor Message (as the Author
+boldly asserts) acquainted of the Resolution of the Council of War to
+attack the Fort the next Morning; the Admiral himself (to whom I appeal)
+knows to be absolutely false: It is certain, that the General was that
+Day too much employ'd to write a Letter in Form; but several Messages
+were carry'd by Capt. <i>Knowles</i>, and Mr. <i>Macpherson</i>, in Consequence of
+which Messages, two Guides were sent by the Admiral's own Order, and
+from his own Ship, to conduct the Forces to the Attack of the Fort the
+next Morning.
+</p><p>
+The Admiral had actually pressed the Attack, without making the least
+Offer of any Assistance from the Fleet, and appeared to be so far from
+thinking any such Assistance necessary, that he had not only declared
+the Troops on Shore to be more than sufficient for the Service they were
+upon; but had sent from the Fleet a Number of Soldiers, less by 650 than
+were required to be landed by the Council of War. Whence to me it is
+evident (contrary to what the Author affirms) that there was never any
+real Intention to sustain the Attack by a Body of Sailors: Otherwise so
+experienced a Commander, as is Admiral <i>Vernon</i>, could not have failed
+of giving timely Notice of such his Intention to the General. It is
+true, that at Break of Day, when the Troops were mounting the Hill, a
+Signal was made for manning the Boats, and for landing, which could at
+that time have answered no other End, but giving a Pretext for ascribing
+to the Sailors, a Share in the Honour of the Success, in Case the Castle
+had been taken.
+</p><p>
+There were kill'd at the Attack of Fort St. <i>Lazar</i> 179, (commissioned,
+Non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers) and 459 wounded, of whom many
+afterwards died; 16 were taken Prisoners, of which all (excepting six)
+had fallen wounded on the Top of the Hill; amongst whom were three
+Officers, who, tho' treated by the <i>Spaniards</i> with great Humanity, died
+in two or three Days.
+</p><p>
+I cannot but observe, what a pompous (but false) Account, the Author
+gives of our Loss; he roundly affirms, "<i>That Numbers of Drums and
+Colours were left behind in the Retreat</i>," of which there was not in
+Fact One; some few Firelocks belonging to the Soldiers, who fell upon
+the Top of the Hill, could not be brought off; and most of the Scaling
+Ladders, <i>&amp;c.</i> which had been intrusted to the Care of the <i>American</i>
+Soldiers, remained upon the Ground. What Use the Enemy might make of
+them, I cannot say; but we, who could distinctly see with the naked Eye,
+what passed on the Hill of St. <i>Lazar</i>, could perceive nothing of what
+the Author mentions. It was never before alledged, that the Guide, who
+return'd, complained of his not having been followed by the Troops the
+Way he would have led them; but it is certain, that both the Officers
+and the Engineer, who were in the Front, complained of their having been
+mislead by the Guide. Had the contrary appeared, the Offenders could
+scarcely have escaped Censure; for the Instant before the Troops
+advanced to the Attack, the General in Person gave Directions to two of
+the principal Officers, who were to lead on the Grenadiers, to mount the
+Hill upon the Right, and to push at once into the Enemy's Works.
+</p><p>
+What the Author insinuates, that the Retreat was too long delayed, is
+without any Grounds whatsoever. The Moment it appeared there was no room
+to hope for Success, the Troops were directed to retire, which was done
+in so good Order, that the Enemy did not think it adviseable to advance
+one Step to give them the least Disturbance.
+</p><p>
+I cannot finish my Observations upon this long Note (<i>g</i>) without
+remarking that what palpable Falsehoods, and gross Misrepresentations,
+the Author herein aggravates our Loss at St. <i>Lazar</i>; such as the
+generous <i>Spaniard</i> (tho' as an Enemy authorized to do it by Custom)
+would be ashamed of; but in an <i>Englishman</i> it is a Crime, for which
+Language has not yet found a Name, and which nothing but the highest
+innate Malevolence, and the strongest Inveteracy against his Majesty's
+Land Forces, <i>there employed</i>, could have produced.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> I do not know what might be the Opinion of the Officers employed
+by the Admiral (<i>Vide</i> Note (<i>h</i>) page 44) to sound: But I am well
+assured, that experienced Pilots, who have sounded the whole Harbour of
+<i>Carthagena</i> in open Day-Light, do affirm, that large Ships can approach
+so near to the Walls, as easily to batter the Town; of which the
+<i>Spaniards</i> seem very sensible, from their having lately erected a
+Battery of forty Pieces of large Cannon, which commands the Bason, where
+the Galleons usually lie at Anchor.
+</p><p>
+The <i>Galicia</i>'s being sent in had a quite contrary Effect from what the
+Author suggests; for not only the General, but every unprejudiced Man,
+both in the Army, and in the Fleet, was thereby convinced, that our
+large Ships could have got in near enough to batter the Town. For the
+<i>Galicia</i> being deeply loaden, by the Cases filled with Sand (which
+served no other End, but to blind the Men, when the Enemy's Shot took
+place) drew some Feet more Water, than our eighty Gun Ships, and yet lay
+near enough to the Walls of the Town to fire with very good Effect, tho'
+she had no more Guns mounted, than twelve eighteen Pounders, and four
+twelve Pounders.
+</p><p>
+I submit it to the Reader, tho' he be neither Soldier nor Sailor, to
+judge with what Prospect of Success a Vessel so armed, could be sent in
+singly to stand the Fire of all the Guns on that Side of the Town, of
+which the Event sufficiently proved to Absurdity, "For the enemy had
+demolished her so in two or three Hours, that she would have sunk in
+half an Hour more, if she had not been drawn off:" But if, instead of
+<i>Galicia</i>, some of his Majesty's eighty Gun Ships had been ordered in;
+there are (and those very good Judges) who affirm, that they could have
+approach'd near enough to have done effectual Service.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> The Author of the Pamphlet (in his Note <i>i</i>, page 45.) affirms,
+that from <i>Thursday</i> Morning to <i>Friday</i> Night, by the Accounts
+delivered in, and by the General's Report, the Troops on Shore had
+dwindled from 6645, to 3200. A base and palpable Falsehood! as it will
+evidently appear by the Return given in (<i>April</i> the 12th) by Mr.
+<i>Wallis</i>, Agent to the Transports, to Vice-Admiral <i>Vernon</i>, of the
+whole Number then victualled on Board, and on Shore, amounting at that
+time to 6645, in which Number were included all the Sick, the Women, the
+Negroes, and Men left in <i>Boca-Chica</i> and <i>Castillo Grande</i>, the
+Officers, with their Servants, and People of all Denominations belonging
+to the Land Forces, who received the King's Provisions, whether they
+were on Board, or on Shore.
+</p><p>
+The Adjutant's Books will shew, that the highest Number of Men landed at
+<i>La Quinta</i> never exceeded 4340 Rank and File, tho' repeated Demands
+were made from the General, and from the Council of War, for their
+Troops on Shore being compleated from the Fleet to 5000 Men, Rank and
+File. At the time of holding the General Council of War, they were, by
+Sickness, and the late Loss, reduced to 3569, feeble, and scarcely fit
+for the ordinary Duty; including 1140 <i>American</i> Soldiers, of whom 600
+were employed upon no other Service, but on working Parties.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> It was raised 2600 Yards from the Fort, which is the utmost
+Distance those Mortars can throw a Shell, when their Chambers are quite
+filled with Powder; an Allowance only given for Proof, and never upon
+Service. Tho' appriz'd of this Circumstance by the Colonel of the Train,
+the Captain could not be prevailed upon to advance his Battery nearer,
+but (as it was expected) wasted above two hundred Shells, to little or
+no Purpose whatsoever.
+</p><p>
+<i>N.B.</i> This Battery was begun upon the 8th, but did not Fire before the
+14th.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> The imbarking the Troops, (<i>vide k</i>) in the cool of the Evening,
+was not only approved by the General, but by the Council of War; who
+had but too justly deserved Censure, should they have unnecessarily
+exposed the Men, not only to the violent Heat of the Sun, but to the
+Enemy's Cannon, which commanded one of the Places of Imbarkation.
+</p><p>
+Had the Author's Apprehensions suffered him to go on Shore at the time
+of the Retreat, he might have observed that it was made without any
+Precipitation, and that neither Tents, Arms, working Tools, nor Baggage
+were left behind.
+</p><p>
+The General in Person brought up the Rear with his Guard, and having
+perceived, after the Troops had begun their March, that five Tents
+belonging to one of the <i>American</i> Battalions were left standing (for
+which their Lieutenant Colonel had undergone a severe Censure, if his
+Death had not prevented it) and likewise that some Arms and working
+Tools remained upon the Ground, he ordered them to be carried off by the
+Serjeant's Guard which came from <i>La Popa</i>, to which Lieutenant
+<i>Forest</i>, at the General's Request, added some Sailors, so that the
+whole Ground might be carefully searched to prevent any thing whatsoever
+from falling into the Hands of the Enemy. We having lost no Tents, none
+could (as the Author alledges) be pitched by the Enemy on the top of the
+Hill.
+</p><p>
+The Admiral having, (when a Flag of Truce was to be sent into the
+Vice-Roy) refused to admit of a particular Messenger from the General, I
+cannot say what idle Expressions might be then made use of to the
+Disadvantage of the Land Forces. If there were any such, possibly they
+did not loose in the Report; but if what the Enemy might throw out
+deserves repeating, it is well known that they frequently expressed
+their Astonishment, that so fine a Fleet should lie unactive within
+their very Harbour; and it was affirmed by Persons of Credit, that a
+<i>Spanish</i> Officer of Rank, who served in <i>Carthagena</i>, declared that
+they only waited for the coming in of our great Ships, to have
+surrendered.</p></div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Journal of the Expedition to
+Carthagena, by Anonymous
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+</html>
diff --git a/37276.txt b/37276.txt
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+++ b/37276.txt
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+Project Gutenberg's A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Journal of the Expedition to Carthagena
+       With Notes: In Answer to a Late Pamphlet Entitled, An
+       account of the Expedition to Carthagena
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 31, 2011 [EBook #37276]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A JOURNAL OF THE EXPEDITION TO _CARTHAGENA_,
+
+With NOTES.
+
+In ANSWER to a late PAMPHLET;
+
+ENTITLED,
+
+_An_ ACCOUNT _of the_ EXPEDITION _to CARTHAGENA_.
+
+_Qui statuit aliquid, parte inaudita altera,
+AEquum licet statuerit, haud aequus suit._
+
+_Senec. Med._
+
+The SECOND EDITION.
+
+_LONDON_:
+Printed for J. ROBERTS, in _Warwick-Lane_.
+M.DCC.XLIV.
+
+
+
+
+THE INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+_The following Sheets contain an Answer to a Pamphlet, which appeared on
+the Close of the last Session of Parliament, and is entitled,_ An
+Account of the Expedition to _Carthagena._
+
+_To set that whole Transaction in the most clear Light, the Author has
+laid before the Publick an exact and faithful _Journal_ of the most
+material Occurrences, not only during the Troops being on Shore in the
+Neighbourhood of _Carthagena_, but from the Time of the Fleet's sailing
+from _Jamaica_; the Period from which the Author of the Pamphlet begins
+his Relation._
+
+_The Notes are (as far as it was practicable) placed in the same Order
+with those in the Pamphlet; to which References are made, that the
+Reader may (if he pleases to take that Trouble) compare each Note with
+the Answer to it._
+
+_Several Facts will be here found to be placed in a very different Light
+from the same Facts, as they are described in the Pamphlet, and others
+to be rejected, as absolutely false and groundless; but the Author
+flatters himself, that he has advanced nothing which is not founded upon
+Truth, and such as can be supported by living Evidences, or by
+authentick Records, whenever his Antagonist shall be pleased to lay
+aside his Mask; otherwise, no Notice will be taken of any Reply, which
+may hereafter be published._
+
+
+
+
+January _the 10th, 1740_.
+
+
+It was resolved in the principal Council of War[1] held at _Spanish
+Town_ in _Jamaica_, that the whole Fleet should proceed to Windward, to
+observe the Motions of the Squadron under the Command of the Marquis
+_d'Antin_; and that Capt. _Dandridge_ should be sent before in the
+_Wolf_ Sloop to get Intelligence.
+
+No Time having been lost in preparing to put to Sea; _January_ the 22d,
+Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ sailed with his Division out of _Port-Royal_
+Harbour; Commodore _Lestock_ the 26th, and Vice-Admiral _Vernon_ the
+28th: The three Squadrons, having join'd _January_ the 31st, made Cape
+_Tiberon_, on the Coast of _Hispaniola_, _February_ the 7th; the same
+Day Captain _Dandridge_ came into the Fleet. _February_ the 8th, the
+Admiral made a Signal for General and Flag Officers, and communicated to
+them the Report he had received from Captain _Dandridge_,[2] _viz._
+"_That he had_, January _the 30th, look'd into_ Port-Lewis, _where he
+had seen nineteen Ships of War; that one of them carried a Flag at the
+Main-top-mast Head, and another a broad Pendant_;" which Report being
+taken into Consideration, it was resolved to steer directly to the Isle
+of _Vache_; where the Fleet arrived _February_ the 12th, and cast Anchor
+at about two Leagues to the Westward of _Port-Lewis_.
+
+The same Day Captain _Laws_ was sent in the _Spence_ Sloop a-fresh to
+reconnoitre the Harbour of _Port-Lewis_, who return'd in a few Hours
+with a Report, "_That he had there counted sixteen Ships of War, and
+that one of them carried a broad Pendant_."
+
+_February_ the 13th, the Admiral, accompany'd by the General, went in
+his Barge into the Bay between the Isle of _Vache_ and _Hispaniola_,
+where there was found sufficient Depth of Water for the large Ships, and
+good Anchorage for the Transports. _February_ the 14th, a _French_
+Officer came off with a Message; but the Admiral declining to see him
+'till late in the Evening, he return'd without having deliver'd it.
+
+The Admiral went further up the Bay to a small _Kay_ (Island) with an
+Intention to reconnoitre the _French_ Fleet, and was there join'd by the
+General, who perceiving it to be impossible thence to look into the
+Harbour, desired, that he might in Person go in with the _Spence_ Sloop,
+and that Captain _Knowles_, being a good Draughts-Man, might accompany
+him; to which the Admiral consented.
+
+As soon as the Sloop open'd the Harbour, Capt. _Laws_ declared, that the
+Ships there lying at Anchor were _French_ Men of War, and pointed to
+one, as having a white Flag at the Main-top-mast-Head; but the General,
+not being fully satisfied, order'd the Sloop to stand within Gun-shot,
+when it appeared, that the Ships in View were Merchant-men, most of them
+unrig'd; excepting one Frigate of forty Guns, whose Main-top-mast-Head
+lying in a Line with the white Gable-End of an House, occasioned the
+Mistake about the Flag.
+
+_February_ the 15th, Captain _Boscawen_ and Captain _Knowles_ were sent
+with a Message to the _French_ Governor; the Purport of which was, that
+the Admiral not being on board his Ship, when an Officer came off to
+speak to him, he had not seen him, but now sends to know what he had to
+offer; that the Fleet was forced by strong Breezes into the Bay; that he
+desires Leave to Wood and Water: They return'd with a very polite
+Answer, and brought an Account of the Marquiss _d'Antin_'s being sail'd
+for _Europe_.
+
+Capt. _Renton_ came into the Fleet, and confirm'd the Report, "_That the
+Marquis_ d'Antin _sail'd with his Squadron for_ Europe, _January_ the
+26th."
+
+_February_ the 16th, the principal Council of War being assembled, it
+was resolved, that the Fleet, after having taken in Wood and Water at
+_Iros_, _Tiberon_ and _Donna-Maria_ Bays, should thence proceed directly
+to _Carthagena_.
+
+_February_ the 17th, the Fleet sailed from the Isle of _Vache_, and the
+Day following came to an Anchor in _Iros_, _Tiberon_ and _Donna-Maria_
+Bays.
+
+Seven Days having been employ'd in taking in Wood and Water; Detachments
+from the _American_ Regiment, and from the Negroes, were daily sent on
+Shore to cut Fascines and Pickets.
+
+_February_ the 25th, the _Weymouth_, the _Experiment_, and the _Spence_
+Sloop, were order'd a-head, under the Command of Capt. _Knowles_, to
+sound _Punto-Canoa_ Bay, which lies about two Leagues to the Windward of
+_Carthagena_.
+
+_February_ the 26th, the whole Fleet got under Sail, and came to an
+Anchor in _Punto-Canoa_ Bay, _March_ the 4th.
+
+_March_ the 5th, a general Council of War composed of the four principal
+Officers of the Army, and of the four principal Officers of the Navy,
+was held for settling the Shares of Plunder; but no Scheme could be then
+formed for attacking the Town, "from the Want of proper
+Intelligence."[3]
+
+_March_ the 6th, the General, accompany'd by some of the principal Land
+Officers, went on Board the _Lyon_ Man of War to reconnoitre the Town,
+the Coast adjoining, the Forts on _Tierra Bomba_, &c. but did not return
+to the Fleet before the 8th in the Morning: The _Lyon_ having lost her
+Main-Mast by the great Swell of the Sea. The _Weymouth_, the _Dunkirk_,
+the _Experiment_, and the _Spence_ Sloop, were order'd to the Mouth of
+the Harbour, for taking the Soundings, and for getting Information how
+near the large Ships could approach for battering the Forts on _Tierra
+Bomba_.
+
+_March_ the 8th, a general Council of War being assembled, and having
+received, and carefully weighed, the Reports of the General Officers,
+and of the Captains of the _Dunkirk_ and _Weymouth_, it was unanimously
+resolved, that Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ should the next Morning fall down
+with his Division to the Mouth of the Harbour, and batter the Forts, St.
+_Philip_, St. _Jago_, &c.
+
+The General afterwards assembled a Council of War, composed of Land
+Officers; when a Disposition was made for landing the Troops.
+
+_March_ the 9th, in the Morning, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, accompany'd by the
+General, proceeded, with his Division, to the Attack of the Forts: Three
+eighty Gun Ships; the _Norfolk_, Capt. _Graves_; the _Shrewsbury_, Capt.
+_Townshend_; and the _Russel_, Capt. _Norris_, were order'd to batter
+those of St. _Philip_ and St. _Jago_: Which Service they perform'd very
+gallantly, having, before the Evening, drove the Enemy from their Guns,
+and forced there, to retire out of the Forts.
+
+About Two, the General and Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ went on board the
+_Norfolk_, and afterwards the _Russel_, for the better reconnoitring the
+Enemy, and viewing the Ground where the Troops were proposed to be
+landed.
+
+The Loss on board the _Norfolk_ and the _Russel_ was not very
+considerable, but the _Shrewsbury_ suffered much more; for having
+received a Shot in her Cable, she drove so far, as to open the whole
+Fire of the Castle of _Boca-Chica_, &c. to which she lay exposed till
+the Night gave her an Opportunity of removing to a safer Birth. As there
+were no Guns either in _Fort Chambra_, or on what was called the Fascine
+Battery, the _Princess-Amelia_, and the _Litchfield_ met with no
+Opposition.
+
+About Five, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ made a Signal for landing the Troops,
+which was repeated by the Admiral, who lay then with his Squadron at
+about a League's Distance.
+
+As soon as the Grenadiers appeared, the General joined them, with an
+Intention to have landed immediately; but the three principal Officers,
+and two of the Companies, being still wanting, he order'd the Boats to
+lie under the Cover of the _Russel_ and the _Norfolk_, there to wait
+their Arrival: They were in a short Time joined by the Lieutenant
+Colonel and Major, and one Company; but Col. _Wynyard_, "who was
+detain'd with his Company of Grenadiers, on board the _Strumbulo
+Fire-Ship_, _from the want of Boats_," being still absent, the Landing
+was further post-pon'd to about Seven, when they were, without
+Opposition, put on Shore on the Strand, to the Left of Fort St.
+_Philip_, under the Command of Lieutenant Col. _Cochrane_: After having
+seen them in Possession of the Forts, the General returned and went on
+board a Vessel, which lay near the Shore, and there passed the rest of
+the Night.
+
+In the Disposition for Landing, the Grenadiers were to have been
+sustained by a Brigade, commanded by Brig. _Guise_, and Col. _Wolfe_,
+who themselves join'd the General; but the Brigade did not come down
+till the Day following, being prevented by the strong Breezes.[4]
+
+The same Evening the Bomb Ketches began to fire upon the Castle.
+
+_March_ the 10th, as soon as the Day appeared, the General went on
+Shore, and gave Orders for forming the Grenadiers upon the Beach, for
+covering the landing of the rest of the Troops; which not being
+compleated till late in the Evening, the whole lay that Night upon their
+Arms.
+
+_March_ the 11th, the Negroes, Tools, and Tents being put on Shore; the
+Ground was clear'd, the Tents pitch'd, and the Troops under cover the
+same Evening.[5]
+
+Two Coupures or Lines were begun into the Woods; one for cutting off the
+Communication of the Castle of _Boca-Chica_ with the City, the other for
+opening a way to the Skirts of the Wood, for the erecting a Battery;
+which last was this Day advanced 500 Yards.
+
+Mr. _Moor_, the principal Engineer, landed in the Night; the Ordnance
+Ship, on which he was embarked, having been drove to _Leeward_.
+
+_March_ the 12th, a Mortar Battery was begun, between the Forts St.
+_Phillip_ and St. _Jago_; and the Coupure leading to the Castle, was
+carried on to the Skirts of the Wood, but that for cutting off the
+Communication, was discontinued by the Advice of the principal
+Engineer.[6]
+
+All the Negroes, and as many Soldiers as could be spared, from their
+other Duty, were employed in cutting Fascines and Pickets. A Traverse
+was raised in the Coupure leading to _Boca-Chica_, and an Epaulement was
+thrown up for the covering the Workmen, which were to be employed in
+raising the great Gun-Battery.
+
+_March_ the 13th, A Defence was made of Casks filled with Sand, to cover
+the Mortar Battery from the Enemy's Fire; this Evening, (not the 17th,
+as the Author is pleased to alledge, Page the 10th,) it was finished,
+and began to play upon the Castle.[7]
+
+The Bomb-Ketches likewise continued to throw their Shells, and it was
+observed that _several_ of them did not take place in the Castle. The
+Ground was traced out for the great Gun-Battery.[8]
+
+The Coupure leading to the Castle of _Boca-Chica_, was enlarged. A
+Lieutenant Colonel's Guard was mounted to cover the Workmen to be
+employed on the great Gun-Battery.
+
+The Enemy fired very smartly, both Yesterday and this Day, and killed
+several Men in the Camp.[9]
+
+_March_ the 14th, the Works were carried on with all the Expedition our
+Circumstances would admit of; but were much retarded, not only from the
+Heat of the Climate, which renders _Europeans_ almost unable to support
+the least Fatigue, but from the Negroes throwing down their Loads, and
+working Tools, whenever a Shot came near them. These Difficulties having
+been represented to a Council of War by the principal Engineer,
+signifying at the same time, that an Addition of 1600 Men to the Forces
+then on Shore was wanting, to enable him to push on his Works with
+Vigour, a Demand was made of that Number of Soldiers to be landed from
+the Fleet, which the Admiral was pleased to refuse, alledging, that we
+could have no Occasion for them.
+
+_March_ the 15th, the General, accompany'd by Mr. _Moor_ and Capt.
+_Knowles_ view'd the Works at the great Gun Battery, and passed the
+Skirts of the Wood to reconnoitre the Castle, which had then received
+little or no visible Damage from the Shells.
+
+_March_ the 16th, all possible Diligence was used in cutting Fascines,
+sharpening Pickets, preparing Planks and timbers _&c._ for the Battery.
+The Artillery, and the greatest Part of the Stores, were by this Time
+landed,[10] of which Part was carried to the great Gun Battery.
+
+_March_ the 17th, the Parapet of the great Gun Battery was very near
+raised to the Embrasures.
+
+A Representation was made to the Admiral from a Council of War of Land
+Officers, of the Necessity of driving the Enemy from their Fascine
+Battery, which, as it was seated on the other Side the Entry into the
+Harbour, could not be done without the Assistance of the Fleet,
+otherwise the Attack upon it would have been made by a Detachment from
+the Land Forces on Shore.
+
+The same Day, it was resolved in a Council of War, composed of Sea
+Officers, to make an Attempt on the Fascine Battery with three hundred
+Sailors, and _two hundred Soldiers_, detach'd from those remaining on
+board the Fleet.
+
+_March_ the 18th, several of the Cannon were drawn up to the Battery,
+and mounted upon their Carriages.
+
+The Enemy, having discovered our Workmen, began to fire briskly upon
+them from the Castle, with Stones, _&c._ A Party of the Enemy fired upon
+the Negroes, who were employed in the Woods in cutting Fascines; but did
+no other Damage than the interrupting their Work.
+
+During the Night, the Fascine Battery was attack'd by 300 Sailors, and
+200 Soldiers, who possessed themselves of it, with very little
+Opposition.[11]
+
+_March_ the 19th, an Epaulement was raised to the left of the great Gun
+Battery, to cover it from the Fire of the Enemy's Ships of War; twelve
+of the Platforms were finished. The Enemy were perceived to be at Work
+in repairing the _Barradera_ Battery.[12]
+
+_March_ the 20th, the Wood began to be clear'd away before the great Gun
+Battery, and seven Pieces of Cannon were brought upon the Platforms.
+
+_March_ the 21st, nineteen Embrasures were finish'd, all the Cannon
+placed upon the Platforms, and the Wood was cut away, which cover'd the
+Battery from the View of the Castle.
+
+_March_ the 22d,[13] the Battery being finished, began early in the
+Morning to play upon the Castle, not only with the great Guns, but with
+forty small Mortars and Cohorns, which fired alternatively; the Enemy
+return'd the Fire very briskly from the Castle, the Fascine Battery, and
+the Shipping; but with no great Effect, excepting, that the Balls which
+miss'd the Battery, did some Damage in the Camp.
+
+_March_ the 23d, A Squadron of Men of War,[14] under the Command of
+Commodore _Lestock_, were order'd to cannonade the Castle of
+_Boca-Chica_, and the Enemy's Ships, which guarded the Mouth of the
+Harbour; but were obliged to drop their Anchors at so great a Distance,
+that their Shot had little or no Effect. After having suffer'd
+considerably from the Enemy's Fire, the Admiral sent them Orders to
+retire; tho' it was upon this Occasion enter'd in the Journals, and by
+Order, that the Breach was enlarg'd by the Fire from our Men of War;
+yet, in Fact, the Breach was not touch'd by one single Ball; such of the
+Shot as reach'd the Curtain, and the Face of the western Bastion, made
+little more than a slight Impression, and fell into the Ditch.
+
+A continual Fire, and with good Effect, was kept from the great Gun
+Battery, which the Enemy return'd very briskly, and but with too much
+Success: Mr. _Moor_, the principal Engineer, having been mortally
+wounded, as he was attentively considering the Effect of the Shot from
+his Battery.
+
+_March_ the 24th, a Detachment from the Fleet, composed of Sailors and
+Soldiers, commanded by Capt. _Watson_, made a second Attempt on the
+Fascine Battery, and enter'd it without the least Opposition; destroy'd
+the Carriages, Platforms, _&c._ Early in the Morning the General visited
+all the advanced Guards and Batteries, and towards the Evening
+reconnoitred the Breach, which he not thinking to be yet practicable,
+signify'd the same by Letter to the Admiral, who had vehemently pressed
+the Attack. The great Gun Battery fired during the whole Night
+alternatively with round and Grape Shot.[15]
+
+_March_ the 25th, the Breach being enlarged, and reported practicable by
+an Engineer, who had been sent to reconnoitre: It was resolved in a
+Council of War to make the Attack the same Evening.
+
+A Disposition having been prepared for that Purpose, and approved by the
+Council of War; at about half an Hour after five the Troops advanced
+towards the Fort. The Forlorn-Hope consisted of a Serjeant, and twelve
+Grenadiers, who were immediately followed by thirty Voluntiers; next
+march'd 260 Grenadiers (the whole then remaining) under the Command of
+Lieutenant-Colonel _Macloud_, and afterwards Colonel _Daniel_ at the
+Head of a Detachment of 500 Men, who had under his Direction some small
+Parties, carrying Scaling Ladders, broad Axes, Pick-axes and Spades, to
+be in Readiness in case of need: The whole was sustained by 500 Men,
+under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel _Cochrane_; and Brigadier
+_Blakeney_, the Brigadier of the Day, had the Direction of the Attack.
+Upon a Signal, which was, the Firing of three Bombs from the Mortar
+Battery, a Volley of round Shot was pour'd in upon the Breach, from the
+great Gun Battery, and was immediately followed by a second of Grape
+Shot, which obliging the Centinels upon the Walls to put themselves
+under Cover, probably occasioned their not having perceived the Troops,
+when they first began to move to the Attack; but some time before they
+reach'd the Foot of the Walls, the Drums in the Fort beat to Arms, the
+Top of the Breach was man'd, the Ships began to fire with Grape Shot,
+and several Shots were made from Fort St. _Joseph_, tho' without doing
+any other Execution, than the killing of one Man. The Commandant of the
+Fort being at that time on board one of the Ships, the Garrison fell
+into Confusion, and fled with Precipitation out of the Gate, as soon as
+the Grenadiers began to mount the Breach.[16]
+
+Soon after our Troops were in Possession of the Castle, the _Africa_ and
+St. _Carlos_ were sunk; and the St. _Philip_ being set on Fire (whether
+by the Enemy, or the red-hot Balls from the great Gun Battery, is
+uncertain) blew up very near to the Walls of the Castle; but without
+doing any Damage. When the Troops were moving towards the Breach, some
+arm'd Boats from the Fleet, commanded by Capt. _Knowles_, were perceived
+rowing towards the Mangroves; on what Design[17] was altogether a
+Secret to the General, he having not received the least Intimation of
+it. They had on board a Party of Soldiers and Sailors, who being landed
+on the _Barradera_ Side, marched (the former leading the Way) to the
+Shore, the nearest to Fort St. _Joseph_; when it was resolved to pass
+thro' the Water, and to make an Attempt upon it; but the Men, who were
+sent in to sound, not finding it practicable, and being discovered, the
+Enemy began to fire upon the Party with Grape Shot, which obliged them
+to retire under the Cover of the Bushes. The Commandant then proposed,
+that the Centinel should be civilly desired to admit them into the Fort;
+but the rest of the Officers not much depending on his Complaisance,
+advised the making a general Attack upon it with all the Boats; in
+Answer to which, it was alledged, that as three of the Enemy's Ships of
+War were already destroyed, and as Fort St. _Joseph_ lay under the Fire
+of the Castle, of which our Troops were then in Possession, such an
+Attempt would be quite unnecessary, as that Fort must on Course fall
+into our Hands: It was therefore resolved to go on board the nearest
+Ships, and there to wait for fresh Orders from the Admiral, which being
+come, the Commandant, in a short time, row'd towards the Fort, which he
+found abandoned, and enter'd it without the least Opposition.
+
+As soon as we had possessed ourselves of the Gate of the Castle, and
+that the Guards were posted, the General ordered out a Party of
+_Harrison_'s Grenadiers, with the proper Tools, under the Command of Mr.
+_Blane_ the Engineer, and of Mr. _Bennett_ (who first enter'd the
+Breach) to cut the End of the Boom adjoining to the Castle, which they
+did effectually about nine; and it was the Want of a Boat only that
+prevented the Landmen's seizing the _Galicia_, on board of which Capt.
+_Knowles_ rowed about twelve, and afterwards order'd a Party of Sailors
+to cut the other End of the Boom.
+
+_March_ the 26th, the General issued out the proper Orders, for
+reimbarking the Troops, Artillery, _&c._ in which Commodore _Lestock_,
+who remained with his Squadron at the Entrance into the _Lagoon_, was
+directed to be assisting.
+
+_March_ the 27th, the great Surf of the Sea prevented the Boats from
+coming into Shore, and retarded the Imbarkation of the Troops, _&c._ A
+Road was made from the grand Battery to _Boca-Chica_, for the more
+commodious Conveyance of the large Cannon. The Admiral's Ship, and some
+other Ships of War, having warped thro' the Channel, began to move up
+the Harbour.
+
+_March_ the 28th, _Harrison_'s and _Wentworth_'s Regiments, being
+order'd to strike their Tents, and to go on board their Transports, were
+prevented by the Surge of the Sea, and obliged to pitch them again near
+the Walls of the Castle. The _Weymouth_, and the _Cruizer_ Sloop, were
+sent to demolish two little Batteries on the _Passa-Cavallos_,[18]
+which they performed without Opposition, and likewise seized or
+destroyed such small Craft, as they found upon the _Lagoon_.
+
+_March_ the 29th, the two old Regiments, and some of the Stores, were
+put on board. All the Artillery and the Materials, which had been
+employed for erecting the great Battery, were placed upon the Shore in
+Readiness for Embarkation.
+
+_March_ the 30th, Colonels _Wolfe_ and _Robinson_'s Regiments embark'd,
+and all possible Diligence was used in getting on board the Stores and
+Artillery.
+
+A general Council of War was held on board the Admiral's Ship, wherein
+it was resolved to land the troops as soon as should be practicable,
+"_for the cutting off the Communication of the Town with the Country on
+the Land Side; and that the Artillery should be embark'd with all
+possible Expedition to proceed after them_." It was also resolved,
+"_that such Numbers of Soldiers, as the General should judge would be
+wanting for that Service, should be landed from the Fleet_."
+
+The Council of War, on this Occasion, might probably think it
+unnecessary to make any mention of what Share the King's Ships were to
+take in the Attack of the City, as it is believed, that not one of the
+Members could have the least Room to doubt of the Admiral's ordering in
+some large Men of War to batter the Town, as soon as the Channel should
+be laid open for their Admittance into the _Surgidero_; a Circumstance
+so much taken for granted, before we were in Possession of _Boca-Chica_
+Castle, that it was confidently affirmed (and by no inconsiderable
+Persons in the Navy) "that, after a Way should be laid open for the
+Ships into the Harbour, the Assistance of the Land Forces would be no
+longer wanted." The _Russel_, which had on board Sir _Chaloner Ogle_;
+the _Weymouth_, &c. turn'd up the Harbour, and cast Anchor not far from
+_Castillo Grande_.
+
+_March_ the 31st, Colonels _Lowther_ and _Wynyard_'s Regiments embark'd.
+The Cannon and Stores continued to be put on board.
+
+The Enemy seem'd to prepare for a vigorous Defence, by their having sunk
+the seven Galleons in the Channel leading to the _Surgidero_, and moor'd
+two large Men of War at the Entrance of it, which last having been
+likewise sunk during the Night, and _Castillo Grande_ in all Appearance
+abandoned; Sir _Chaloner Ogle_ order'd Captain _Knowles_, in the
+_Weymouth_, to stand in within Gun-shot, and to fire upon it; which
+being done for some time, without any Return, Boats were sent ashore,
+and the Castle was enter'd without Opposition; of which the Admiral
+having Notice, he order'd one hundred of the Soldiers, who were on board
+the King's Ships to remain there in Garrison.[19]
+
+Capt. _Laws_ was dispatched to _England_ in the _Spence_ Sloop, with an
+Account of the taking of _Boca-Chica_ Castle; notwithstanding the
+Instances used by both the General, and Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, to postpone
+sending, till it should be known, what would be the Success against the
+City; which, considering the Strength of the Enemy, that our Troops
+began to sicken, and that the rainy Season was then begun; could by no
+thinking Man be look'd upon to be otherwise, than doubtful.
+
+_April_ the 1st, Colonels _Moreton_, and _Grant_'s Regiments embarked.
+Captains _Griffin_ and _Renton_ being sent to reconnoitre the Channel;
+and observing that the Stern of the _Conquestador_ was afloat, they
+found Means to heave her round, and thereby opened a Passage for the
+Bomb-Vessels, and two twenty Gun-Ships. The Transports got through the
+Channel, and began to move up the _Lagoon_, but the Ordnance Ships still
+remained at the Entrance into the Harbour, the Artillery and the Stores
+being not yet all put on board.
+
+_April_ the 2nd, The General, with the greatest Part of the Transports,
+came to an Anchor near _Castillo Grande_. The Bomb Ketches began early
+in the Morning to play upon the Town, but were placed at too great a
+Distance, for the Shells to do much Damage.
+
+The Enemy set Fire to a _French_ Ship, which lay at Anchor near the
+Walls.[20]
+
+_April_ the 3d, all the Cannon and Mortars were got on board; but the
+Carriages, _&c._ still remained upon the Shore. The _Weymouth_ Man of
+War having passed the Channel, the Enemy fired upon her some random
+Shot; but she lay at too great a Distance to receive any Damage. Such
+_Americans_, as had served on Shore, as likewise the Negroes, imbarked
+this Day on their Transports.
+
+_April_ the 4th, a Council of War of Land Officers was held on board the
+_Dorsetshire_ Transport, wherein it was resolved, that the Troops should
+be landed the 5th at Break of Day; for which a Disposition having been
+prepared by the General, and then laid before the Members, was by them
+unanimously approved of. The _Weymouth_, the _Cruizer_ Sloop, and two or
+three Fireships, kept firing, during the Night, with Grapeshot into the
+Woods adjoining to where the Troops were to land.
+
+_April_ the 5th, the Troops, which were appointed first to land,
+amounting to about 1400 Men, under the Command of Brigadier _Blakeney_,
+rendezvous'd along Side of the _Weymouth_: At about five in the Morning,
+the General ordered Colonel _Grant_ to move towards the Shore with the
+Grenadiers, who having landed[21] without Opposition, and being
+immediately followed by the rest of the Troops, the whole was formed in
+the Order for marching against the Enemy. After having waited a short
+time, in Expectation of the 200 _American_ Soldiers, who were by the
+Disposition to have joined us with the working Tools; as likewise of the
+Negroes, and a Party of Matrosses, designed to attend eight Pattereroes;
+the General ordered the Grenadiers to enter the Wood, and Brigadier
+_Blakeney_ to sustain them at the Head of the old Regiments. Having
+reach'd the End of the Defillee, with the Loss of only one Man, by the
+Fire of a straggling Party, they halted, and signify'd to the General,
+that the Enemy appeared; who immediately advanced to the Head of the
+Grenadiers, and passed the Defillee: Where having carefully reconnoitred
+the Disposition of the Enemy, he ordered The Grenadiers to march, and to
+dislodge them. The Enemy, (as it was afterwards reported by Deserters)
+consisted of about 700 Men, and were drawn up on the Strand, in such a
+manner, as to cover the Road leading to the City, where they seem'd
+determined to expect us; the Ground over which the Troops were to march,
+did not admit of much more than one large Plattoon in front; the
+_Lagoon_ lying upon the left, and a thick Copse upon our right, into
+which the General ordered a Party of _American_ Soldiers, to fall upon
+the Rear of any small Parties, which might be lodged there, to flank us
+upon our March. The Grenadiers moved forward with great Alacrity, and
+having, with very little Loss, received two Fires from the Enemy, the
+front Plattoon gave their Fire at about the distance of half musquet
+Shot, and immediately wheel'd to the Right and Left to make room for the
+next to advance, whence the Enemy judging that the whole Body gave way,
+expressed their Joy by a loud Huzza; but being soon convinced of their
+Mistake, by the Fire of the following Plattoons, they fell into
+Confusion and fled towards the City.
+
+As soon as the proper Guards were posted, and the Troops put under Cover
+in the best manner which was practicable, in some Houses and Sheds
+adjoining to _La Quinta_; a Party was sent up the Hill to reconnoitre
+the Convent on _La Popa_, which they entered without Opposition, and
+made some Prisoners; an Officer's Guard was immediately ordered to take
+Possession of it.
+
+_April_ the 6th, the General accompany'd by Brigadier _Guise_, and the
+principal Engineer reconnoitred the City from the Convent of _La Popa_;
+and having at his Return assembled a Council of War, it was debated,
+whether the Fort should not be attacked the following Night, before the
+Enemy should have finished some Works upon the Hill, "which they were
+then carrying on with the utmost Diligence;" but as no Stores were yet
+landed from the Ordnance Ships, it was found necessary to postpone the
+Attack. Two twelve Pounders, Three three Pounders with fifty rounds of
+Powder and Ball, and five rounds of Grape-Shot, were put on Shore in the
+Evening[22]. Some _American_ Soldiers being landed from the Fleet, as
+likewise the Negroes and some working Tools, the Ground was begun to be
+cleared for the Encampment; but the excessive Heat not only retarded the
+Work, but proved fatal to most of the _Europeans_ who were there
+employed.
+
+_April_ the 7th, The Council of War being reassembled, and having
+received the Report of the principal Engineer, and likewise taken into
+Consideration, the Intelligence given by Deserters and Prisoners; they
+were of Opinion, that the Fort ought not to be attempted without having
+first raised a Battery, for which the principal Engineer was ordered to
+pitch upon the proper Ground, to draw a Scheme for putting that Design
+in Execution; and, as soon as should be practicable, to lay it before
+the Council. This their Resolution was the same Day communicated to the
+Admiral, to which was added as their Opinion, that the Success would be
+much facilitated, "if the Bomb-Vessels were ordered to Fire upon Fort
+St. _Lazar_, and likewise if one of the large Ships of War was brought
+in to batter it." The Admiral returned an Answer the same Evening, in
+which "he strongly expressed his Dislike to our waiting for a Battery",
+and declared, "that if the Council of War still persisted in their
+Resolution to raise one against so paltry a Fort, he would answer for
+it, that if the Engineer did but compleat it, the Enemy would not wait a
+minute for the Cannon;" but to that part of their Resolution, wherein is
+represented the Expediency of bombarding the Fort, and of sending in a
+large Ship to fire upon it, the Admiral "was not pleased to give any
+direct Answer."
+
+The Enemy continued to carry on their Works[23] upon the Hill, and
+brought some Pieces of Cannon to bear upon our advanced Guard, and upon
+the General's Quarters, but with very little Effect. The General
+signified to the Admiral by Letter, that he had endeavoured to cut off
+the Communication[24] of the City of _Carthagena_ with the Country, by
+the neck of Land lying upon the Sea, but found that any Detachment sent
+thither, would be intirely in the Enemy's Power, as being at too great a
+distance from the Camp to be sustained, nor had he any Boats on the
+Lake, for the supplying them with Provisions and Water; and proposed
+that some small Man of War, should be sent for that Purpose to lie near
+the Shore: The Admiral signified in his Answer, that he would order in a
+Ship and a Sloop.
+
+The Admiral was this Day pleased to put on Shore from the Men of War a
+further Detachment from the _Americans_;[25] but excepting 30 or 40,
+all that he would spare of Lord _James Cavendish_'s, and Colonel
+_Bland_'s Regiments, were already landed: Nor were these People sent on
+Shore, as the Author affirms in his Pamphlet, (Page 37) in consequence
+of any Representation made of the increasing Sickness, but of a demand
+of a Reinforcement from the Fleet; first made by the General, and
+afterwards by the Council of War, which was never fully complied with.
+
+_April_ the 8th, the Council of War being reassembled, it appear'd from
+the Report of the principal Engineer[26] that so large a Number of Men,
+and so much time would be wanting to cut thro' the Wood, and to raise a
+Battery, as in our Circumstances rendered it impracticable; the sickly
+Season was now come in, and the Water in the Cisterns began to grow low:
+There seeming therefore to be no Choice left, but either to make a bold
+Push for the surprising Fort St. _Lazar_, or to return on Board; it was
+resolved[27] to attempt it the next Morning, the scaling Ladders having
+been this Day put on Shore, and not before. What further determined the
+Council to come to this Resolution, was fresh Intelligence received from
+Deserters and Prisoners, confirm'd by the Observations of some of the
+Engineers, who had viewed the Fort very near, viz. _That the Walls were
+not too high for our Ladders; nor was there any Ditch at the foot of
+them_; (as had been before represented) _that the Road leading up the
+Hill on the right was broad, and of an easy Ascent; and that there was a
+wooden Door on the left of the Fort, which might be forced without much
+Difficulty_, and to which a Deserter offered himself as a Guide.
+
+A further Motive, perhaps might be of Weight with some of the Members,
+_viz._ the Admiral's vehemently pressing the Attack "without a Breach,"
+and his insisting that it was scarcely possible to miscarry in the
+Attempt. And in all probability, if the Attack had not been made, it
+might have been alledged and possibly credited at Home, that had the
+Experiment been tried, the City must have infallibly fallen into our
+Hands.
+
+The rest of the Day was employed in preparing for the Attack: In the
+Evening the Council of War being reassembled, a Disposition for it was
+laid before them, which having been examined and approved, was by the
+Brigade Majors immediately communicated to all the principal Officers.
+
+_April_ the 9th, the Troops appointed for the Attack, were order'd to
+parade on the Strand, at two in the Morning;[28] where having formed,
+they advanced towards the Fort, and a little before Break of Day, began
+to mount the Hill. But that Division, which was, by Order, to have gone
+up an open, accessible Road, which lay upon the Right of the Fort, was
+in the dark, by a fatal Mistake (as it was said of the Guide) led up the
+Center, where the Ascent is very steep, and the Ground broken: Some of
+the most forward gained the Top, and pushed on to the Enemy's
+Entrenchments; but not being immediately sustained, by Reason of the
+great Difficulty found in mounting the Hill, and that the rest of the
+Plattoons advanced slowly with the Street firing, they were most of them
+killed or wounded.
+
+Colonel _Grant_ very gallantly mounted the Hill upon the Left; but
+having immediately received a mortal Wound, and the Guide, with several
+others, being kill'd; the Officer, the next in Command, advanced no
+further, but continued on the Side of the Hill, till they were ordered
+to retire.
+
+As soon as the Day broke, and gave the General an Opportunity of viewing
+the Posture of the Assailants, and that of the Enemy, he sent a Message
+to Brigadier _Guise_, who commanded the Attack, signifying, that, if he
+could push forward, he should be sustained by 500 Men, who were
+accordingly ordered to advance; but it was then too late. The Troops
+were disheartened, and the Enemy's Numbers encreased every Instant, by
+pouring in fresh Men from the City, who had by that time assembled a
+Force upon the Hill equal, if not superior, to the Assailants. It was
+therefore found necessary to order a Retreat, which was made without
+further Loss, the five hundred Men abovementioned bringing up the Rear.
+The principal Engineer having proposed the raising a Breast-work at the
+advanced Guard, it was without Delay begun upon, and was in so great
+Forwardness by the next Morning, as to put the Men under Cover. A
+Cessation of Arms was agreed upon for a few Hours to bury the Dead.
+
+_April_ the 10th, The Sick and Wounded were sent on board; the
+Intrenchment at the advanced Guard was inlarged for the Reception of two
+Mortars, which were this Day conveyed thither.
+
+The Troops were under great Difficulties, not only from the Sickness,
+which hourly encreased, but from their Provisions not being regularly
+landed.
+
+_April_ the 11th, the two Mortars began to fire from the advanced Guard
+upon the Castle of St. _Lazar_, and with very good Effect.
+
+A Council of War was assembled, composed of Land Officers, who having
+carefully inquired into the State of the Forces on Shore, found them to
+be so much diminished by Sickness, and by the late Loss; and those, who
+were return'd, as fit for Duty, so much exhausted by the excessive Heat,
+and by Fatigue, that without a considerable Reinforcement from the
+Fleet, it would not be possible to go on with the Enterprize: This their
+Resolution was immediately communicated to the Admiral.
+
+_April_ the 12th, the Sickness amongst the Troops still encreasing,
+several of the principal Officers were seized with it, and the Water in
+the Cisterns began to be very low. The Admiral return'd an Answer to the
+Resolution of the Council of War of yesterday; which having been taken
+into Consideration by the principal Land Officers, assembled for that
+Purpose, they observed with great Surprize, that no mention was made of
+any Reinforcement to be sent from the Fleet; of which, having taken the
+proper Notice in their Answer, they desired, that the Admiral would
+issue out his Directions for imbarking the Cannon, _&c._ concluding from
+his Silence in so material a Point, that no Reinforcement was to be
+expected. But no mention was at that time made of bringing in Ships to
+cannonade the Town; as the Manner, in which a former Proposal of that
+Nature had been answered, gave little Room to hope for Success in
+repeating of it: Tho' perhaps it may not be difficult to make appear,
+that our great Ships lying unactive at a time when they might have been
+usefully employ'd,[29] was the principal Occasion of our not possessing
+ourselves of the City of _Carthagena_, and not the Miscarriage of the
+Attack of St. _Lazar_. For had we got Possession of it (as would
+probably have been the Case, if the Scheme for the Attack had been
+punctually executed) it does not follow, that the Town would have on
+Course surrender'd, or that they could have been compelled to it,
+without the Admirals assisting us with his whole Force; except we are to
+suppose, that the _Spaniards_, with a Garrison not inferior in Numbers
+to the Besiegers, would have tamely given it up into our Hands: for it
+is morally certain, that the Corps of Troops, which were then on Shore,
+must, by Sickness only, in a few Days have been reduced so low, as not
+to be able to bring off their Cannon.
+
+_April_ the 13th, great Numbers of Sick, both Officers and Soldiers,
+were sent on board the Transports.
+
+A Council of War was assembled on Shore, who took into Consideration a
+Letter from the Admiral, in Answer to their late Representation, and
+resolved, to desire without Delay to meet the Sea Officers in a general
+Council of War; which being signified to the Admiral, it was agreed to
+assemble the Day following on board the Admiral's Ship.
+
+_April_ the 14th, the Council of War being assembled, the General laid
+before the Members the real State of the Troops,[30] and declared, that
+he deemed it to be impracticable to go on with the Enterprize, without
+Assistance from the Fleet. The principal Engineer being called in, and
+examined, signify'd to the Council of War, the Places which he thought
+would be the most proper for erecting Batteries; to which he added, that
+no less than a Fortnight would be required for raising them, considering
+the many interruptions which must be expected from the Enemy, and the
+Sickness hourly increasing amongst the Troops; and that 1500 Men would
+be wanting for the proper Reliefs for that Service only; he further
+declared it to be his Opinion, that with the Troops now on Shore, the
+Siege could not be undertaken with any Probability of Success.
+
+The Admiral, without further Deliberation, going to put the Question,
+whether the Troops should be reimbark'd or not, Mr. _Wentworth_
+declared, that he could not give his Vote, till he should be informed
+what Assistance they were to expect from the Fleet; who, being
+interrupted by the Admiral with great Heat and Passion, and not with the
+most polite Language, made a proper Reply; to which the Admiral not
+being pleased to return any Answer, immediately left the Cabbin.
+
+The Debate was afterwards decently carry'd on, and the General having
+repeated his Question, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, and the other Sea Officers,
+who were Members of the Council of War, unanimously declared, that it
+would by no means, be adviseable to trust the Sailors on Shore, as they
+could be kept under no Command, and would soon disperse themselves in
+the Woods; to which Mr. _Vernon_ (who sat in the Gallery within hearing)
+added aloud, that some of them would soon ramble into _Carthagena_.
+
+The Admiral being returned to his Place at the Board, it was unanimously
+resolved to reimbark the Cannon and Land Forces with all possible
+Expedition.
+
+The Admiral, as President, drew up the Resolution of the Council of War,
+when it was observable, that he carefully avoided making the least
+mention of Assistance having been demanded from the Fleet.
+
+The Battery[31] of two ten inch Mortars, which was raised by Captain
+_Knowles_ on the Shore near to his Ship, began this Morning to Fire upon
+Fort St. _Lazar_, but was placed at so great a Distance as to have
+little or no Effect.
+
+_April_ the 15th, the Cannon, Stores and heavy Baggage, were put on
+Board.
+
+A Council of War of Land Officers being assembled, a Disposition was
+laid before them, for the Retreat,[32] which was approved of.
+
+_April_ the 16th, About Five in the Morning, the _Galicia_, commanded by
+Captain _Hoare_, began to canonade the Town with tolerable good Success;
+but he being exposed to a superior Fire, was obliged to cut her Cable;
+after having received several Shots in her Hull, had six Men killed, and
+56 wounded, she drove upon a Shoal, and was there burnt by the Admiral's
+Order.
+
+At Seven in the Evening, the Tents were struck, at Eight the Troops
+march'd from their Ground, and embarked in three Divisions on the Boats
+prepared to receive them. The Sickness amongst the Troops increased to
+so great a Degree, that any longer Continuance in that unhealthy
+Situation, seemed to threaten no less than their total Ruin; the General
+therefore, and the principal Land Officers, agreed to the Admiral's
+Proposal, for demolishing the Forts, _&c._ which commanded the Harbour;
+that being done, and Water taken in for the Voyage, the whole Fleet set
+sail for _Jamaica_.
+
+
+
+
+THE APPENDIX.
+
+
+I Shall only here remark some Mistakes, which the Author of the Pamphlet
+has been guilty of in his Appendix, both with regard to the
+Circumstances of the City of _Carthagena_, and to the Conduct of the
+Officers of the Army, whom he has been pleased basely to asperse,
+without any Grounds whatsoever. And I do appeal to the Gentlemen of the
+Navy, for the Truth of what I have advanced; which must be so evident to
+every impartial Person, who was there present, and gave the least
+Attention to what passed, that I should not have employed one Moment's
+Time, in replying to a Pamphlet, made up of glaring Falsehoods, Facts
+misrepresented, and mean personal Reflections, to which the Author does
+not put his Name; was I not in Hopes, that by laying before the Publick
+an exact Account of the Transactions before _Carthagena_, in some
+Measure to remove (from those who cannot otherwise be informed of the
+Truth) the Prejudices which are so industriously propagated in that
+scurrilous Libel; not solely with a View to calumniate a few brave Men,
+who after many Hazards are return'd home to their native Country; but by
+invidious Distinctions, to set at variance the Army and the Navy, which
+can have no other End but to obstruct his Majesty's Service, whenever
+the Fleet and Land Forces shall act in Conjunction.
+
+As for the City itself (says the Author) Nature has fortified it against
+any Attempt by Sea, the Water shoaling near a League off, and being
+plentifully bounded with Rocks; besides the Sea is very seldom smooth,
+so that it is difficult at all times landing.
+
+There are Pilots, who have been long accustomed to that Coast, who
+affirm that there is depth of Water sufficient for large Ships to anchor
+(even on that Side) near enough to batter the Town: The only Difficulty
+arises from the Swell of the Sea; but that much abates, whenever the
+Wind blows for any Time off Shore.
+
+The Ravelin here mention'd can only subsist in the Author's Imagination;
+there is no other Defence between the two Bastions, (which are very
+distant from each other,) excepting a low Wall not flank'd; a
+Circumstance of which very good Use might be made, if upon the Swell's
+being abated, Boats could be sent in there to put Troops on Shore.
+
+There were two large Men of War moored to defend the Entrance of
+_Boca-grande_, but that there was a Fascine Battery begun upon each
+Point, seems to be a Secret only known to the Author; for no Mention was
+made of any such during our Stay upon that Coast, nor upon reconnoitring
+that Entrance into the Harbour, could the least Traces of them be
+perceiv'd.
+
+The little _Fort de Chamba_ was not finish'd, nor had upon it one Gun;
+nor was there the least Appearance of one, on what the Author is pleased
+(Page 49.) to call a Fascine Battery of twelve Guns: From same Fascines
+being placed in order upon the Shore, it was believed that the Enemy had
+Thoughts of erecting a Battery on that Place.
+
+The Author's Description of _Boca-Chica_ Castle, _&c._ seems to be
+tolerably exact, and I cannot omit to remark the justness of his
+Expression, when he mentions the Bomb Vessels being got near enough to
+divert the Town; for in Truth they were posted at so great a Distance,
+that they seem'd to be sent in with no other Intention.
+
+That the City of _Carthagena_ is to the Land-side, fortify'd by double
+Walls, and double Ditches, flank'd by strong Bastions, is an undoubted
+Truth; but I must dissent from what the Author alledges, of the Water at
+the Head of the Harbour, being shoal so far off, that Ships cannot come
+near enough to do Execution with their Guns. Experienced Pilots, and
+Masters of trading Vessels, who have been much conversant in that
+Harbour, do (and will when Occasion requires it) testify the contrary;
+but nothing can be a stronger Proof of there being sufficient depth of
+Water for our largest Ships, than that the Station of the _Spanish_
+Galleons, is very near the Walls, for the Convenience of taking in their
+Lading. It is well known, that Monsieur _Ponti_ sent in his Men of War
+(amongst which was the _Sceptre_ of eighty-four Guns) to batter the
+City, and with so good an Effect, as in a short Time to oblige them to
+surrender.
+
+But a still more recent Proof of there being sufficient depth of Water,
+is the celebrated Admiral _Vernon_'s having ordered in the _Galicia_, a
+_Spanish_ Man of War of sixty-six Guns: This Vessel was fitted up for
+battering in a very extraordinary Manner: _Merlons, or Cases, six Feet
+thick, rammed with Earth, or Sand, were formed between the Port-holes_,
+which occasioned her drawing more Water, than any of our eighty Gun
+Ships; notwithstanding, with her sixteen Guns mounted, _only_, she did
+considerable damage to the City, before she could be demolished.
+
+That the _Spaniards_ have no great Dependance upon this supposed
+Shoalness of the Water, is very evident from their having lately erected
+a Battery of forty large Pieces of Cannon, for the defence of the Town
+on the Side towards the Harbour; a very unnecessary Expence, if the
+Water is there so shoal as to prevent the near Approach of our large Men
+of War.
+
+From the Author's own Description, the Fort of St. _Lazar_ appears to be
+no such trifling Redoubt, as he would insinuate; had he approached near
+enough to take an exact View of it (which probably he did not) he must
+have observed that the Hill is near double the Height he mentions, and
+that the Eminence opposite to it (which, if Cannon could have been
+convey'd thither, was certainly a very proper Place for the erecting a
+Battery) is pretty much upon a Level with the Ground upon which the
+Castle stands.
+
+That the Enemy began their Works upon the Hill, immediately after we
+were in Possession of _Boca-Chica_ (if not upon the first Appearance of
+the Fleet,) is a Fact well known, both to the Army and to the Navy; nor
+was it in the power of the Former to interrupt their Progress till the
+proper Materials were landed; but how far that might have been done, by
+sending in two or three of his Majesty's large Ships, the Gentlemen of
+the Sea are the most proper Judges.
+
+That the Side of the Castle of _St. Lazar_, which is next the Town,
+could not be defenceless, must be evident to every Reader, from the
+Circumstance of its being next the Town, and consequently defended by
+all the Works on that Quarter, particularly by an Half-moon, which is
+erected about half Musket-Shot from it.
+
+If the Enemy's Numbers (as the Author alledges, page 54.) amounted to
+4000 Men, the Troops which were landed, and never exceeded 4350 Rank and
+File, could but have little Prospect of forcing them amidst their strong
+Fortifications; nor did the General and Principal Officers ever propose
+it to themselves, otherwise than by the help of the whole Force on board
+the Fleet, which was actually promised, as soon as a Passage should be
+opened for the Ships into the Harbour; how performed, the unhappy Issue
+but too plainly makes appear.
+
+The Enemy's Engineers, Cannoniers, _&c._ acquitted themselves very well,
+and ours did the same, nor was there amongst them one single instance of
+Cowardice or Desertion; would the Author be pleased to put his Name to
+so base an Aspersion cast upon them, there are of the few surviving, who
+are well able to convince him of his Mistake.
+
+It is roundly alledged, that excepting two Regiments, the whole body of
+Troops which came from _England_, were quite raw and undisciplined; how
+far this is a Fact known to every one, will appear, by minutely entering
+into their Circumstances.
+
+As a Foundation for forming a Corps of Troops fit for immediate Service,
+his Majesty was pleased to direct a Draught to be made from the Foot
+Guards, of the best disciplined Corporals and private Men, to be
+appointed Marine Serjeants, as likewise 300 private Centinels well
+instructed in the Use of their Arms, to be placed to every Marine
+Regiment, who were for that Purpose draughted from all the old Corps in
+_Britain_; by which Means each of the Marine Regiments was actually
+supply'd with a Number of well-disciplin'd Men, not much short of the
+_Irish_ Corps before the Augmentation.
+
+The Colonels of the six Regiments of Marines were old Officers, who had
+all (excepting one) served abroad in the last War.
+
+Such were the greatest Part of the Lieutenant Colonels and Majors. The
+Captains were either Gentlemen of Service taken from the Half-Pay, or
+from the Independent Companies at _Jamaica_; such as had been long
+inured to the Climate of the _West-Indies_, or Subaltern Officers of
+long standing in the old Corps, whom his Majesty honour'd with the
+Command of Marine Companies. The first and second Lieutenants were
+either Ensigns taken out of the old Corps, Cadets, who had for some time
+carry'd Arms, or young Gentlemen, whose Quality and Interest very justly
+entituled them to Preferment. To these the Author has added a third
+imaginary Class, of _abandoned Wretches of the Town, whose Prostitution
+had made them useful on some dirty Occasion, and by Way of Reward were
+provided for in the Army_. I call upon the _Author_ to point out one
+single Man, who was sent out in those Corps, deserving of that
+Character; if he does not (as I am well assured he cannot) what
+Character he himself richly deserves, will easily occur to the Reader.
+
+That few of the Inferior Officers had ever before served against an
+Enemy, is undoubtedly Fact, nor after thirty Years Peace, could it
+possibly be otherwise; but their Behaviour during the Incampment in the
+Isle of _Wight_, evidently made it appear that they were not deficient
+in Discipline; nor when they came to face the Enemy, could the oldest,
+and most experienced Officers expose their Persons with greater
+Gallantry and Chearfulness.
+
+That most of the Officers, who had served long and well, got themselves
+knock'd on the Head by teaching a young and raw Army, is in Fact false;
+for both old and young equally shared the Hazard and Fatigue; nor did
+one single Officer or Soldier loose his Life, excepting in the
+Performance of his own Duty.
+
+What an Heap of _Billingsgate_ does the Author employ (pag. 56.) to
+vilify the _American_ Regiment? _The Officers_ (he affirms) _were in
+particular composed of Blacksmiths, Taylors, and all the Banditti that
+the Country affords_. Had he been so candid as to have informed himself
+of those Gentlemens true Characters, he would have known, that the Field
+Officers were all Men of long Service, named by his Majesty, and sent
+from _Britain_: That the Companies were chiefly raised by the Interest,
+and at the Charge of their respective Captains; of whom some were
+Members of the Assemblies in the Provinces where they resided; others
+liv'd upon their own Plantations, and had Commands in the Militia; and
+some few of them had been concerned in Traffick. His Majesty was pleased
+to send to _North-America_ thirty young Gentlemen, under the Direction
+of Brigadier _Blakeney_, who were to serve in that Corps as Lieutenants;
+they had carried Arms either in the old Corps at home, or in the
+_Scotish_ Regiments in the _Dutch_ Service, and were most of them
+Cadets of good Families in _North Britain_.
+
+The rest of the Subaltern Officers were recommended by the Governors,
+and by the Gentlemen of the first Rank in the Provinces where the
+Companies were raised; and were either younger Sons of the principal
+Families, bred to no particular Profession, or such of them as had been
+brought up to the Law, to Merchandize, or who had served at Sea.
+
+It is certain, that the greatest Part of the private Soldiers, who were
+inlisted in _North-America_, were either _Irish_ (and many of those
+suspected to be Papists) or _English_, who had been under a Necessity of
+quitting their Native Country. As the Levy was made in Haste, there was
+neither Time for strictly examining into their respective Circumstances,
+nor for their being well-disciplin'd before they joined the Army; whence
+it became in a great Measure, necessary to employ them chiefly on board
+the Fleet.
+
+Tho' this infamous Libel appears to be levell'd against that Corps of
+_Land Forces in general_, yet the Author is pleased more eminently to
+distinguish the Engineers, _&c._ belonging to the Train; he very roundly
+affirms, that _worse never bore the Name, nor could be pick'd out of
+all_ Europe.
+
+The principal Engineer (Mr. _Moor_) was deservedly esteemed for his
+Bravery, his Capacity and Skill in his Profession; the Battery, on which
+he was killed, viewing the Effects of the Shot thro' an Embrasure, was
+well constructed, and fully answered the End for which it was raised: He
+had served with Applause in the Defence of _Gibraltar_, one of the
+principal Fortresses in _Europe_, which was attacked by an Army of
+40,000 Men, composed of the best Troops in _Spain_, and batter'd by 100
+Pieces of large Cannon; yet this Army was by the gallant Defence of the
+Garrison obliged to retire, after having been almost totally ruin'd at
+this _simple_ Siege, as the Author of the Pamphlet is pleased to stile
+it.
+
+Mr. _Armstrong_, the Gentleman who succeeded as principal Engineer on
+the Death of Mr. _Moor_, had all the Experience, which could possibly be
+acquired in Time of Peace, having been continually employ'd during
+sixteen Years in the different Works about this Kingdom; nor could any
+Person whatsoever perform his Duty, with greater Attention, or more
+chearfully expose his Person, whenever he thought his Presence could in
+any wise contribute to the publick Service.
+
+It is certain, that no more than two of the Sub-Engineers had ever
+served in the Face of an Enemy; which surely ought not to be imputed to
+them as a Fault, when, after so long a Peace, few or none so qualified
+were remaining: But nothing had been omitted by those Gentlemen to
+repair their Want of Experience both by their Application to the Study
+of their Profession at home, and by visiting the Fortifications in
+Foreign Parts; and when on real Service, it was very evident that they
+spared no Endeavours to make up that Deficiency by their Diligence and
+gallant Behaviour: Nor is there the least Room to doubt, but that the
+few who have returned from that fatal Expedition, will, whenever they
+shall be called upon, be found qualified to do effectual Service to
+their Country.
+
+Colonel _Watson_'s Merit and long Services very justly entituled him to
+the Command of the Train on the late Expedition; nor did his Age (as the
+Author insinuates) ever prevent his Attendance upon his Duty; in the
+Performance of which he lost his Life by a Shot which glanced from a
+Tree, at some Distance from the Battery.
+
+His Successor, a brave blunt Soldier (who can never be pardoned for
+boldly speaking the Truth) was so far from being rendered unfit for his
+Duty, that no Man attended it with more Diligence; from the first
+Opening the Battery before _Boca-Chica_, he scarcely ever left it, even
+for necessary Refreshment, till the Castle was taken.
+
+Who could be so proper to be inlisted for Cannoniers, Bombardiers, _&c._
+as Country Fellows? but those Country Fellows (as the Author is pleased
+to call them) were disciplin'd Men, capable of doing their Duty; in
+which they wanted no Aid, till Death and Sickness had reduced them so
+low, that it was necessary they should be reinforced both from the Army
+and the Fleet. The extraordinary Conference mentioned by the Author
+(page 56.) to have been held between the General and them, I can safely
+affirm, has not the least Foundation.
+
+That many of the Bomb-Shells broke in the Air, from some Defect in their
+Fusees, or never broke at all, is undoubtedly Fact; which probably was
+occasioned by Damage they had received at Sea, and which could not be
+repaired, as we had neither Time nor Convenience for it, before their
+being wanted for Service. The Grenado-Shells were of the same Sort, of
+the very same Dimensions with those usually issued out from the Office
+of Ordnance; nor was there ever before the least mention made of their
+having been deficient. The Reason given for their not breaking is no
+great Proof of the Author's Skill, as an Engineer; for it is well known,
+that one single Ounce of Gunpowder is sufficient (if properly confined)
+to rend in Pieces a Stone weighting several Tuns.
+
+The eight twenty-four Pounders, put on board for the Use of the
+Expedition, were all landed at _Boca-Chica_ fit for Service, and were
+there actually made use of upon the Battery, where two of them were
+rendered unserviceable.
+
+One hundred Baulks, and three hundred Battery Planks, were by an Order
+from the Board of Ordnance, bearing date, _May_ 1740, issued out of the
+Stores, and imbark'd for the Use of the Expedition; but Lord _Cathcart_,
+having after the Imbarkation of the Troops, been informed that no
+further Supply could be had in the _West-Indies_, tho' the contrary had
+been represented to the Board of Ordnance; He applied for an Addition of
+one hundred Baulks, and 300 Planks, which were put on board before the
+Fleet sailed; as were likewise 4050 Hand-bills, his Lordship deeming the
+1000 already provided not to be sufficient.
+
+Upon the whole, nothing could more demonstrate the Goodness of this
+Army, than the Service they performed, not only amidst the almost
+insuperable Difficulties, which arose from the Climate, but labouring
+under the utmost Distresses and Discouragements from a Quarter, whence
+the Reverse ought justly to have been expected. Were the Instruments
+imploy'd on the late Expedition such as the Author of the Pamphlet is
+pleased to describe, there would be no great Difficulty in accounting
+for its Miscarriage; the which, Lord _Cathcart_ (had he lived) could
+probably not have prevented: but as it does, I think, evidently appear,
+that what the Author has advanced to the Prejudice of the Land Forces,
+is false and groundless, and that they performed whatever was possible
+for them to do in their Situation, our Misfortunes are to be ascribed to
+some other Cause; they were, without Doubt, principally occasioned by
+the Climate. What further may have contributed, nothing would set in a
+more clear Light, than an exact and faithful Account of every
+Transaction, not only during the Time of the Troops lying before
+_Carthagena_, but to that of their being recalled. Such an Account
+cannot but be very acceptable to all those who had a Share in that
+unfortunate Expedition, and had no other End in View but the publick
+Service. And, I am well assured, to none more than to the Gentleman, on
+whom the Command devolved by the Death of Lord _Cathcart_, who has all
+possible Reason to desire, that his whole Conduct may undergo the
+strictest Scrutiny.
+
+I cannot conclude without remarking, as something extraordinary, the
+Justice done by the Author in his last Paragraph to the common Soldiers;
+but which is surely no less due to the Officers, who led them on, and by
+following whose brave Example, they gave evident Proofs, that they
+wanted not for Courage and Resolution becoming _Englishmen_.
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote 1: The principal Council of War, consisted of the two eldest
+Officers of the Army, of the two eldest Officers of the Navy, and of the
+Governor of _Jamaica_, whenever he could be present. It was the Province
+of this Council to determine what Enterprizes should be undertaken.]
+
+[Footnote 2: _Vide_ Note (_a_) in the late Pamphlet, entituled, _An
+Account of the Expedition to_ Carthagena.]
+
+[Footnote 3: Upon its being first debated, whether an Attempt should be
+made on _Carthagena_, the General declared, that, as he was a Stranger
+in those Seas, he had no Knowledge of the then present State of that
+City; and that he should join with the Admiral in his Opinion; not
+doubting of his being well inform'd of every Circumstance relating to
+the Entry into the Harbour, the Strength of the Garrison, _&c._]
+
+[Footnote 4: In relating this Transaction (_vide_ P. 7. note Letter _c_)
+the very candid Author of the Account of the Siege of _Carthagena_, is
+pleas'd to affirm, that _the General landed with a Body of 800
+Grenadiers, but not thinking them sufficient, reimbark'd, and sent for
+more_: There was not the least Step taken, which could give Colour for
+such an Assertion; excepting that Capt. _Dennet_, who commanded General
+_Harrison_'s Grenadiers, being apprehensive, that the General would give
+those of his own Regiment the Honour of landing first, push'd forward
+without Orders, and leaped on Shore with five or six Men: which the
+General perceiving, and that the rest of the Boats began to move in
+Confusion towards the Beach; he order'd those who had landed, (who were
+only _Dennet_, and the few Men abovementioned) to reimbark, and with the
+rest of the Boats to lay along-side of the _Norfolk_ and _Russel_, there
+to wait for the Arrival of the Companies, which were still wanting: Nor,
+had all the Companies of Grenadiers, been compleat to a Man, could they
+have exceeded 648 Officers included: but that was far from being the
+Case; for not only _Robinson_'s Grenadiers were then absent, having been
+separated from the Fleet, but the rest were at that Time so far reduced
+by Sickness, as not to amount to 400 Men, as it will appear from the
+Adjutant's Books.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Had the Author of the Account, (_vide_ Note _d_,) been
+present on Shore, where probably he was not, he might have observed that
+all possible Diligence was used, to put the Men under Cover; and if he
+is in any wise capable of judging of military Operations at Land, he
+must have known that the Camp could not have been so properly formed in
+any other Place, for carrying on the Attack on the Castle of
+_Boca-Chica_; nor, if advanced higher into the Woods, could it have been
+supplied with Water, or the Tents pitch'd on that rocky Soil, which will
+not admit of the driving down a Tent Pin; but setting aside that
+Difficulty, how the Tents could have been pitch'd without cutting down
+the Trees, from whose Shade, as the Author alledges, the Soldiers would
+have been so much benefited, I really do not comprehend; nor would they
+have been less exposed to the Enemy's Shot, excepting they had incamped
+out of the Reach of it, which could not have answered the End proposed
+by their Landing.]
+
+[Footnote 6: Mr. _Moor_ was of Opinion, that if an Opening should be
+made through the Wood from the Camp to the _Lagoon_, where the Enemy's
+Ships of War lay at Anchor, it might be a means of directing their fire:
+That the Admiral sollicited the General to continue this Coupure, is, I
+believe, true; but that it would have answer'd the Purposes mention'd in
+the latter part of the Note (_f_) in the Pamphlet, is not so evident. As
+the Enemy was in Possession of the _Lagoon_, they would not surely send
+Succours cross the _Boca-Grande_, (where Ships were posted to observe
+their Motions) thence with Hazard to pass the _Tierra Bomba_; which
+Succours could be conveyed by the way of the Harbour, without Danger or
+Interruption: nor could that Coupure be of the least Use to enable us to
+observe what passed in the Harbour, of which we daily received Accounts
+from the abovementioned Ships, or from our small Parties; nor, if there
+was Danger to be apprehended from the Enemy's Incursions, (which there
+was not) could this Coupure have prevented them, as it was not much less
+than 1000 Paces from the Castle of _Boca-Chica_.]
+
+[Footnote 7: The Communication between the Mortar-Battery and the Camp
+(_vide_ Letter _g_ in the Pamphlet) was covered from the Shot of the
+Castle by a rising Ground, nor was one Man killed during the whole Time
+in passing between that and the Camp, nor did one single Shot take Place
+in it from the Fascine Battery, from which it was in great Measure
+secured by its natural Situation, which was help'd by a Parapet. Several
+of the Bombs most certainly broke in the Air, without any Effect; which
+was possibly occasioned by the splitting of the Fuzees, in driving them
+into the Shells. Nor (notwithstanding what the Author is pleased to
+advance) did we suffer much from those thrown by the Enemy; one of which
+fell near the Mortar-Battery, and killed 6 or 7 Men; a few took Place in
+the Artillery-Park, (whither they were chiefly directed) damaged some
+Casks of working Tools, and two or three Carriages; but the greatest
+Part of them were either extinguished by falling into the Water, or
+buried themselves so deep in the Sand, as to break without any ill
+Effect whatsoever.]
+
+[Footnote 8: Fascines and Pickets (_vide_ the beginning of the Note _f_)
+had not only been cut during the Fleet's watering at _Hispaniola_, but
+after our landing on _Tierra Bomba_, all possible Diligence was daily
+used, to compleat the Number required for erecting the Batteries.
+Nothing can be more absurd than to imagine that so skilful an Engineer,
+as was Mr. _Moor_, could be so widely mistaken as to the Quantity. As
+soon as the Ground was cleared, and proper Works thrown up to cover the
+Workmen, he began with such Materials as were ready, and had from the
+Fleet no other Assistance than 18 Carpenters for laying the Platforms;
+the Seamen were employed, (and that was properly their Province) in
+landing the Stores and Cannon; in getting the latter up to the Battery,
+and they afterwards assisted in firing of it; (most of the Gunners being
+at that time either Dead, or disabled by Sickness) besides 150 of them
+were for one or two Days employed to cut Fascines, but were so
+ungovernable as to be of little Service.
+
+How far the Author may be qualified to judge of the Knowledge of the
+Sub-Engineers, Time may discover; was Mr. _Moor_ still living, he could
+well answer for the Construction of his Battery. He rais'd it not
+exactly parallel to the Face where the Breach was made, for a very
+powerful Reason: to prevent its being flank'd from the _Barradera_
+Battery, and by that means preserved the Lives of a great many Men, who
+must otherwise have been lost. It is not improbable, that the Author
+believ'd the Line of Communication, between the great Gun-Battery and
+the Camp, to have been expos'd to the Enemy's Shot, and therefore never
+came near it; or he must have known that it was neither enfiladed from
+the Castle, nor the Shipping, and that the few Men who were killed
+there, fell by Shot which glanced from the Trees, and did not exceed 7
+or 8 during the whole Time the Troops lay before the Castle. (_vide_
+Note _b_)]
+
+[Footnote 9: The Troops were certainly annoyed in their Camp by the
+Enemy's Cannon, and particularly by the Fascine Battery: an
+Inconvenience which, in their Circumstances, was absolutely necessary to
+be supported, as by their removing to so great a Distance, as to be out
+of the reach of their Shot, the great Gun-Battery must have been expos'd
+to be insulted, which would at least have for some Time retarded the
+taking of the Castle, if not oblig'd us to retire.
+
+The base Insinuation relating to the Troops being moved without regular
+Orders, is absolutely groundless: The Independants from _Jamaica_, not
+arriving till after the Camp was formed, they were ordered to clear the
+Ground upon the Left, and there to pitch their Tents; where 200
+_Americans_, and part of Lord _James Cavendish_'s and of Col. _Bland_'s
+Regiments, joined them from the Fleet. To make the more Room for the
+Artillery-Park, _Harrison_'s Regiment was, by Order, removed to the same
+Ground; as afterwards were those Regiments, which were the most exposed
+to the Fire from the Fascine Battery, and had suffered greatly in their
+Tents, Arms, _&c._ Nor, till then, did any of the General Officers
+remove to the new Encampment; which was indeed in some Measure covered
+by a Rock from the Fire of the Fascine Battery, but was not the less
+exposed to that from the Shipping and the Castle, by which Lieutenant
+Col. _Sandford_ and several others there lost their Lives.]
+
+[Footnote 10: Nothing can be more false than what the Author of the
+Pamphlet asserts in his Note (_e_) of no Application having been made,
+nor any particular Scheme form'd for landing the Cannon and Stores.
+_March_ the 10th, the Day after the Grenadiers had taken Possession of
+the two Forts, the General went in Person on board the Admiral to
+concert Measures with him for putting on Shore the Cannon, Ammunition,
+_&c._ and was by him, the Admiral, informed, that a Captain of a Man of
+War appointed for that Service, was gone on board the Ordnance Ships to
+give the proper Directions; the General, without Delay, order'd his
+Barge to row thither, and signify'd to the said Captain (who is since
+dead) both the Quantity and Species of Stores proper to be landed; and
+at the same time particularly mentioned to him the Inconvenience which
+would attend the putting on Shore more than were necessary for present
+Service. Notwithstanding (probably from the Want of Time and Means for
+sorting the Stores, _&c._) whatever first came to hand, was thrown into
+the Boats, sent to Shore, and confusedly cast upon the Beach. Whence
+they were removed by Matrosses and Soldiers appointed for that Service,
+and secured in the best Manner our Circumstances would admit of; but
+(excepting that some of the Powder received Damage from its having been
+placed by the Sailors upon the Shore within the Reach of the Surf of the
+Sea) none of the Stores were wash'd away, which indeed might possibly
+have happen'd, if timely Care had not been taken to prevent it.]
+
+[Footnote 11: This bold and surprising Enterprize (as the Author of the
+Pamphlet is pleased to stile it in his Note _i_) seems to be celebrated
+with all the Rhetorick he is Master of: It is observable, that he makes
+no mention of the two hundred Soldiers, who were detached on the same
+Occasion, which possibly he may have forgot; as likewise, that, tho' by
+the Admiral's Disposition, the Soldiers were posted in the Rear; when
+landed, they were called for to advance, and a Lane made for their
+passing towards the Front, which probably might be occasioned by their
+being armed more properly than the Sailors, for returning the Fire of
+the Enemy's small Arms. I cannot, without doing Injustice to Capt.
+_Washington_, the Honourable Mr. _Murray_, and to the rest of the Land
+Officers, who were detach'd on this Occasion, join with the Author in
+passing over their gallant Behaviour in Silence; nor would I be wanting
+in the Praises due to Capt. _Boscawen_, Capt. _Watson_, Capt. _Coates_,
+&c. who commanded the Sailors, who, as they have ever done, performed
+their Duty with great Bravery and Resolution, and particularly
+Lieutenant, now Captain _Forrest_, who, with the foremost, enter'd the
+Battery Sword in Hand; the Enemy having fled with Precipitation into the
+Woods, and the Soldiers being posted upon the Avenues, the Seamen set
+about spiking the Guns, destroying the Carriages, and tearing up the
+Platforms; but one of them having imprudently put Fire to the Guard
+House, they were discovered by the Enemy, and consequently exposed to
+the Fire from the Castle, _&c._ the Commandant therefore thought it
+advisable to retire, before the Battery could be effectually
+demolish'd.]
+
+[Footnote 12: Two or three Boats were observed to pass between the
+Castle and the _Barradera_ Battery (not hundreds of Men as the Author
+alledges in Note _l_) who carry'd People sufficient so far to repair the
+Damage, which had been done, as in a short time to renew the Fire; an
+evident Proof both to the Army, and to the Navy, that the Battery had
+not been effectually demolish'd.
+
+That the Army had work'd to some purpose (tho' the Author insinuates the
+contrary) plainly appears from their having made two Coupures thro' the
+Woods, cut the Fascines and Pickets, raised the Battery, and conveyed
+thither the Stores and Ammunition; in which last they had some
+Assistance from the Sailors, and not a great deal from the Negroes. Had
+the Army the least Room for Resentment before, the sixty Gun Ship was
+sent in to interrupt the Enemy's repairing the Fascine Battery, any
+Thing she perform'd, could by no Means cool it; for the fired at so
+great a Distance, as to give the Enemy very little Disturbance.]
+
+[Footnote 13: The Author of the Pamphlet, in his extraordinary Note,
+Letter (_m_) mentions, _five hundred Sailors to have been employed in
+erecting the Battery_, tho' in Fact the Navy contributed to it, only 18
+Carpenters. He adds, that, "_as more Time and Men were employed in it
+than were necessary, much Execution may be expected therefrom_." What
+more could be expected from it, than forcing the Enemy to abandon the
+Castle? "_but the Engineers could not out-do themselves; they erected
+the Battery in a Wood_." They might not out-do themselves, but they
+certainly did perfectly well; for by erecting their Battery under the
+Cover of the Wood, many Mens Lives were saved, and the Work was carried
+on without the Enemy's being able to interrupt their Progress.
+
+He is likewise pleased to condemn them _for not clearing more Ground
+than was necessary_; a Circumstance, which, I should think, rather
+deserves his Approbation, as they avoided, improperly, to fatigue the
+Workmen, but this Caution, it seems was used, that the Enemy might not
+see the Army; if such a Sight would have given the Enemy any
+Satisfaction, I much doubt; or whether it would have answer'd to have
+obliged them at the Expence of cutting down 600 or 700 Paces of thick
+Wood, which intercepted their View of the Camp; but that the Army did
+not decline either then, or on any other Occasion, to look the Enemy in
+the Face, there have been too evident Proofs. No Man, who saw the
+Position of the Battery, could have the least Room to doubt of its
+bearing upon the Castle, as soon as a narrow Screen of Wood, which
+cover'd it, should be cut away. What is alledged, that no Guns could be
+brought to bear upon the Enemies Shipping, is absolutely false; there
+were no less than seven, of which two were thought sufficient for that
+Purpose, which fir'd red hot Balls, and did good Execution. It is most
+certain, that if no Epaulment had been thrown up, the Battery might have
+been rak'd, which was easily foreseen, and timely prevented. The Sailors
+behaved well, and would have done better, had they been more under
+Direction; but they did no more than their Duty, either in assisting to
+erect the Battery, in which they had but a very small Share, or in
+firing of it, as they were expressly order'd so to do by his Majesty.
+Without all Doubt it was Mr. _Moor_'s Intention to batter the western
+Face of the Bastion, and to beat down its Defences, which was evident,
+not only from the Construction, but from the Effect of the Battery. I
+must own I cannot but admire at the Author's Conclusion, that the
+Success was owing to Chance, because, if the Enemy had cleared more
+Ground round the Castle, the Undertaking would have been more difficult.
+I readily join with him, that it would have been so; tho' in the
+Beginning of this Note, the Engineers are condemn'd for making the best
+Advantage of the Wood, which the Enemy had so imprudently left standing.
+"The Engineers could by no Means out-do themselves; the Battery was
+constructed in a Wood."]
+
+[Footnote 14: In the Note, Letter (_o_), it is alledged, that the
+Admiral sent in these Ships to oblige the General; The Truth of the Fact
+is this; The Ground over which the Troops were to march to attack the
+Breach, being flank'd both from Fort St. _Joseph_, and from the Fascine
+Battery, it was, _March_ the 22d, resolved in a Council of War, composed
+of Land Officers, to represent that Circumstance to the Admiral, and
+that they deem'd the Breach could not be attempted, without great Loss,
+from the Fire of Fort St. _Joseph_, and the Fascine Battery, if some
+Means could not be used by the Fleet to divert their Fire. The Day
+following, the Admiral signify'd to the General by Letter, "_That he had
+formed a Plan for bringing in the Men of War to make a general Attack on
+the Enemy's Forts and Batteries_"; to which he adds, "_that nothing but
+the Necessity of the Case can justify us in these Resolutions, as it is
+against our Judgment, as Seamen_." After the Opening of the great Gun
+Battery, the Castle Guns, which bore upon the Camp, were soon silenced;
+but it was apparent, even to Land-Men, that our Men of War could do
+little or no Damage to those of the Enemy's Shipping, which, at that
+time, began to be made very uneasy by the red-hot Balls from the great
+Gun Battery.]
+
+[Footnote 15: It may be remark'd (_Vide n. q._) though perhaps not as a
+Thing very extraordinary, that either the Author of the Pamphlet was, at
+that time on board, securely asleep in his Bed, or that he knowingly
+avers what is absolutely false; for that Night the Battery was, by
+particular Order, fired, both with Grape and round Shot, alternatively,
+and without any other Intermission, than was necessary to cool the Guns;
+for, it having been observed, that the Enemy was raising a Fascine Work
+behind the Breach, all possible Care was taken to retard its Progress
+during the Night.]
+
+[Footnote 16: The Author's being mistaken as to some Circumstances
+relating to the Attack, (_Vide_ his Note _r_) is easily to be excused;
+for, if he saw it at all, it must probably have been at a great Distance
+through a Spying Glass; but, as he is pleased in the latter Part of his
+Note to reassume his favourite Topick, the throwing out scurrilous
+Reflections upon the Land Forces, I cannot pass them over unobserved.
+This Success was undoubtedly, neither disagreeable to the Army, nor to
+the Navy; the former having undergone Hardships, such as no modern
+Soldiers, or Sailors, had been accustomed to, nor perhaps many in former
+Times; nor did the Army propose any Advantage in being possessed of an
+Island (as the Author insinuates) but imbarked on board their Transports
+with all possible Expedition, in order to proceed to the Attack of the
+City.
+
+That so formidable a Fleet was employ'd to little other Purpose, but to
+attend upon the Army, and to convoy their Transports, was with Regret
+observed, both by the Officers of the Army, and of the Navy; but surely
+so ridiculous a Thought could never enter into any Man's Imagination, as
+that the Soldiers should march along the Shore, the Fleet within Call,
+crying out to them for Help, or that they could not find their Way into
+the Castle without a Sea Pilot to conduct them: A Story, which has not
+the least Foundation; Lieutenant _Bennett_, the Gentleman, who led the
+Forlorn-Hope, and Mr. _Watson_, the Engineer, who accompanied him, are
+still living, and can testify, that no Sea Pilot, no _Spaniard_, no
+Prisoner, was upon that Attack; and I am well assured, that no such
+Person was ever thought of by the General to be employ'd on that
+Occasion.]
+
+[Footnote 17: This Scheme (_Vide_ Note _s_) if there was any, seems to
+have been contrived chiefly for a Pretext to give the Sailors the Credit
+of whatsoever should be performed by the Land Forces; the Troops were
+certainly moving to the Attack, if not in Possession of the Castle, at
+the time, when Capt. _Knowles_'s Detachment could be first discovered by
+the Enemy; when it is not very probable, that they should lessen their
+Force by sending away large Boats full of Men (which I do not find were
+perceived by any body excepting the Author) to Fort St. _Joseph_; or
+give any Attention, but to the most pressing Danger: It is really true,
+that both the Ships and Fort St. _Joseph_ fired, but at the Troops, not
+at the Boats from the Fleet, which, when they came to Land, were both
+out of the Enemy's Sight, and out of the Reach of their Guns.]
+
+[Footnote 18: The _Passa-Cavallos_ is the only Creek, thro' which
+Provisions can be conveyed into the _Lagoon_, and from thence to the
+City, with which all Communication was effectually cut off, as soon as
+the Fleet was in Possession of the Harbour.]
+
+[Footnote 19: Capt. _Knowles_ was appointed Governor of _Castillo
+Grande_; and to do him the more Honour (there could be no other End
+proposed, as there was no Possibility of the Enemies retaking of it)
+near 100 very useful Men of Lord _James Cavendish_'s, and Colonel
+_Bland_'s Regiments, were left in Garrison, and there continued till
+after the Troops reimbark'd, tho' of the Number required by the General
+to be landed (_Vide_ Notes in the Pamphlet _v_, and _w_).]
+
+[Footnote 20: The most apparent Reason for the Enemy's burning the
+_French_ Ship, was their concluding, that she must otherwise fall into
+our Hands, when our Men of War advanced to the Head of the Harbour; for
+they could apprehend little Danger to her from the Fire of _Castillo
+Grande_, as it lies only within a large random Shot from the Place,
+where she lay at Anchor.]
+
+[Footnote 21: The Author of the Pamphlet in his Note (_y_) is pleased to
+affirm, "_That things were on this Occasion (as they had been throughout
+the whole) done without Order or Method; for notwithstanding the Army
+had been apprized of the Enemy's having made Lodgments along the Road;
+yet they landed without a Grenado Shell, or Field-Piece; and were
+likewise told the Road was even able to sustain the Weight of the
+heaviest Cannon_." Here the Author, as has been his Method thro' his
+whole Pamphlet, boldly asserts, without the least Foundation; for, it is
+evident, both from the Resolutions of Councils of War, and from publick
+Orders, that no Step was taken here, nor indeed upon any other Occasion,
+without a Plan first laid down; and (where Time would admit of it) well
+consider'd, and approved by a Council of War.
+
+It is very certain, that when Mr. _Macpherson_, the Guide, was
+conducting the Troops thro' the Defillee, he expressed no little
+Uneasiness on the Account of Lodgments, which he apprehended we should
+find upon our Route; but nothing of that Sort appeared, excepting, that
+a few Bushes were placed, in Order, in an Opening upon our right Flank,
+possibly with a Design to cover some small Party, who had retired into
+the Wood. But had our Landing been postponed, till the Arrival of
+Ordnance Ships from the Mouth of the Harbour, the Field-Pieces,
+Granado-Shells, _&c._ which were then on board them, might indeed have
+been wanting to force such Works, as the Enemy would probably have
+finished during that Delay; which was prevented by boldly pushing thro'
+the Defillees to _La Quinta_; the Post of which, the Army was to possess
+themselves, "_for cutting off the Communication of the City with the
+Country, and for covering the Landing of the Artillery_". As Loss of
+Time might, on this Occasion, have been attended with the worst
+Consequences, the General found it necessary to advance without the
+_American_ Soldiers, Negroes, _&c._ which Disappointment cannot in any
+wise be attributed to the Officers of the Army, as the providing Boats
+for Landing the Forces was intirely under the Direction of the Navy.
+
+Both our Motions, and those of the Enemy, might probably be seen from
+the Ships, their Masts being at that time crouded with Spectators; but
+what the Author alledges of the Execution they did upon the Enemy is not
+Fact. Whilst the Troops were moving along the Strand, some random Shots
+were made by the _Weymouth_, which killed one single _Spanish_ Negro,
+and were very near taking Place amongst our most advanced People; but
+were so far from obliging the Enemy to disperse, that they did not make
+the least Movement, till after being push'd by our Grenadiers.
+
+That it was the general Opinion, that the City would have fallen into
+our Hands the first Day we landed, had the Troops push'd forward, is so
+far from being true, that had they been suffer'd to advance further, not
+an Officer but must, and would have condemn'd the General for exposing
+them without the least Probability of Success.
+
+The Object proposed on our first Landing was the taking Post at _La
+Quinta_; "there to cut off the City's Communication with the Country, to
+cover the Landing of the rest of the Forces, and of the Artillery; and
+to clear Ground for the Encampment," which was mark'd out that very Day;
+but the Tents could not be pitched without first cutting down a thick
+Copse Wood; which, as soon as the Negroes and Tools were landed, was
+done with all possible Expedition. To have advanced further, in our
+Circumstances, would have been not only acting inconsistently with the
+Rules of War, but of common Sense, for we were entirely Strangers to the
+Road leading to _Carthagena_; the Guide, Mr. _Macpherson_, having, as
+soon as the Enemy appeared, gone on board a Ship to view their Posture
+from the Main-top-mast-Head and did not return till the Affair was
+ended; we had neither Tools to throw up a Lodgment, nor Negroes to
+reconnoitre the Woods on our Flanks; besides, the Day advancing, the
+Heat was become so violent, that great Numbers must have fainted under
+the Fatigue.
+
+From the Author's own Description of the Fort St. _Lazar_ (Page 53.) it
+is far from appearing to be so despicable a Redoubt, as with any
+Prospect of Success, to be attempted in the open Day, without
+Scaling-Ladders, _&c._ nor can I conceive how a Body of 1400 Men, with
+only their Firelocks in their hands, could (supposing the Fort to be
+taken) afterwards force their Way cross a Draw-bridge, commanded by
+Cannon, into a City fortify'd with double Walls, and two broad Ditches
+filled with Water, flanked by regular Bastions, and defended by a
+Garrison more than double the Number of the Assailants; for the Body,
+which was drawn up on the Strand, was scarcely a fifth Part of the
+Garrison, and they fled thro' the Woods, where they could not be
+pursued, directly towards the City.]
+
+[Footnote 22: The Stores and Ammunition which were landed at _La
+Quinta_, were carefully lodged in an House out of the Line of Fire, and
+a Guard put over them, (_vide_ Note in the Pamphlet (_a_) page 34.) The
+brave Officer, there so unjustly reflected upon, wants no Advocate, and
+will be easily able to clear himself of the Aspersions cast upon him,
+whenever the Author of them shall be pleased to declare himself.]
+
+[Footnote 23: It is certain (Note _b_.) that the Enemy were very
+diligent in preparing for their Defence, nor was it in the power of the
+Army to interrupt them one Instant sooner than the Attack was made, from
+the want of Scaling Ladders, _&c._ being landed: What Time they employed
+in compleating their Works, or whether they did ever compleat them, it
+is not possible for the Author of the Pamphlet to judge, tho' 'tis well
+known they were begun upon, from the Time of our being possessed of
+_Boca-Chica_, if not before; but if he had been pleased candidly to have
+informed himself, he would have observed that our Mortar Battery at the
+Advanced Guard (_vide_ page 35.) play'd in 48 Hours after it was first
+begun upon; and that the Intrenchment there was finished in 18 Hours. I
+cannot but observe, that what the Author of the Pamphlet here affirms
+(_vide_ Note _b_, page 36) seems quite contradictory to what he advances
+(page 54) in the Appendix; in the one Place, _'tis declared that the
+Enemy had thrown up Intrenchments round about the Foot of the Castle,
+stronger and of more Importance than the Castle it self_: In the other,
+_that the Castle on the Side of the Town was quite defenseless_.]
+
+[Footnote 24: The Communication of the city (_vide_ Note 6 page 36) with
+the Country on that Side, where the Army was incamp'd, was effectually
+cut off the very Day they landed; nor did the General (as the Author
+alledges) want to be prevail'd upon to do the same on the Side next to
+the Sea, but found it impracticable without the Assistance of the Fleet,
+which was promised, and comply'd with, when it was too late.
+
+The Author seems very careful to celebrate the great Attention given, to
+the preventing Supplies from entering the Town to Sea-ward; which was to
+be done without the least Difficulty or Hazard, particularly after the
+Fleet had got Admittance into the _Lagoon_: But passes over in Silence,
+that no less Attention was given to prevent Refreshments being conveyed
+to the Army; it was even refused to the General to admit of sending out
+two or three small Vessels, to catch Turtle for the use of the Sick and
+Wounded: If the Army complain'd heavily, it was not without Reason; for
+during our Stay before _Carthagena_, the Fleet was supplied with Turtle,
+fresh Beef, _&c._ which the Land Forces on Shore laboured under the
+greatest Difficulties, even from the want of their Salt Provisions,
+which were not regularly conveyed to them.
+
+The Author, with his usual Regard to Truth, affirms that a drove of
+Cattle was thro' neglect suffered to pass into the City. The Instant,
+the General was apprised from the Officer at the Convent, that a drove
+of Cattle was seen moving towards the City, he ordered out a Party to
+intercept them, who march'd with all the Expedition which was possible
+in that hot Climate, but were not so fortunate as to come up with them;
+of which some Part had probably dispersed in the Woods, and others, (as
+we were afterwards informed,) got into the Town. 'Tis not to be imagined
+that Men so distressed from the want of fresh Provisions, (even by the
+Author's own Account,) would have omitted any thing in their Power, to
+get such a Prey into their Hands; nor was due Encouragement wanting, a
+Reward of a Pistole for each Beeve, being promis'd to the Captors. Two
+or three small Islands lie in the Lake at about 500 Paces from the
+Shore, upon the right of the Ground where we encamped; which being
+observed to be sometimes frequented by the Spaniards, Application was
+made for a Boat, to know for what End these People came there, and to
+search for Goods, Provisions, _&c._ which might be lodged there; this I
+presume gave occasion for the pretty Story form'd by the Author. What
+idle Tales might be propagated in the Camp (perhaps by the Author
+himself) relating to raising Batteries, I cannot say; but I am well
+assur'd no Man in his Senses believ'd them.]
+
+[Footnote 25: As many of the _American_ Soldiers were suspected to be
+_Irish_ Papists (_vide_ Note in the Pamphlet Letter (_d_) page 39) it
+was though adviseable both by the General and the Admiral, to employ
+them principally on Board the Fleet; but the Regiments which came from
+Europe, being now reduced low in their Numbers, made it absolutely
+necessary, that the _Americans_ should be included in the Corps design'd
+for the Attempt on _Carthagena_.
+
+This Reinforcement (as the Author stiles it) was only some Part of those
+Soldiers, which the General had required to be landed from the Fleet,
+and did not in Fact compleat the Troops on Shore, to numbers sufficient
+for proper Reliefs for the ordinary and extraordinary Duty;
+notwithstanding, had it been practicable to have victualled and
+sustained them, a Detachment had without doubt been made, even from the
+Numbers which were landed, to cut off the Communication on the _Eastern_
+Side of the City; the General having great Reason to expect a further
+Supply from the Admiral.
+
+That the Author should be ignorant of what Guards were necessary,
+perhaps may not be look'd upon as a Thing very extraordinary; I shall,
+however, give here a Detail of them.
+
+The City being garrison'd by at least 3500 Men; it was found necessary
+to post an advanc'd Guard of 500 Men at a large House upon the Road
+leading to it. The Picket-Guard consisted of 500 more, from whence was
+detached a Captain's Guard to the right of the Camp, where there was a
+Path leading towards the City. There were the Quarter-Guards, the
+Generals-Guard, those on the Ammunition, Provisions, and a Captain and
+fifty Men at the Convent; amounting in the whole to about 1300 Men,
+besides extraordinary Parties; and 600 _American_ Soldiers, who were set
+apart to be ready to assist in landing Stores, cutting Fascines, or in
+any other Work, as occasion should require. Whether fewer Guards could
+have been employed in our Circumstances, or if 4350 Men, (the most which
+were landed, and those hourly diminishing by Death and Sickness) could
+afford sufficient Reliefs for the Guards abovementioned, I submit to any
+Judge of military Operations at Land to determine.
+
+Had the Author's Curiosity led him to reconnoitre the Enemy's Guards, he
+might have observed a Body of 300 Men posted at the Foot of the Hill, on
+which is the Fort St. _Lazar_, and another of about fifty Men, advanced
+300 Paces further, under some Cocoa-trees, which might easily have been
+sustained by the whole Garrison.]
+
+[Footnote 26: The principal Engineer Mr. _Armstrong_, (_vide_ Note in
+the Pamphlet Letter (_f_) page 40) made a judicious and clear Report, of
+the Number of Men, and of the Time which would be wanting to erect a
+Battery: An Undertaking which he, and every intelligent Person, who was
+acquainted with the then Circumstances of the Troops on Shore, must
+foresee would be attended with insuperable Difficulties; he could not
+therefore honestly advise it.]
+
+[Footnote 27: Of the nine Officers on the Council of War (_vide_ note
+(_c_) in the Pamphlet page 39.) only two were against the Attack,
+without having first erected a Battery; nor was the least Objection made
+to it, on the Account of its not having been well reconnoitred, the
+contrary being very apparent; the Guides were Deserters (and no other
+could be had) who for their Security had been sent on Board the
+Admiral's Ships, and were by him, at the General's Desire, ordered on
+Shore, the Evening before the Attack.]
+
+[Footnote 28: After having taken into Consideration (_vide_ Pamphlet
+Note (_g_) page 40) what Hour would be the most proper for surprising
+the Enemy, and carefully weighed the Reports of Deserters, _&c._ it was
+resolved by the Council of War, that the Attack should be made a little
+before break of Day, a Time which has ever been look'd upon as the most
+proper for Surprizes, the Guards being then fatigued by their Watching,
+during the Night, and then most likely to be fallen asleep.
+
+The Author of the Pamphlet, is here pleased to condemn the General for
+not attacking at two in the Morning; _because the Guards at that Hour
+returned to their respective Homes, and went to Bed, where having
+composed themselves to Sleep, they could not easily be rouz'd to Fight_.
+These extraordinary Guards being therefore (as the Author supposes)
+safely lodged in their Beds; with regard to them, it must have been
+matter of Indifference, whether the Attack was made at two, or five in
+the Morning. That these Arguments (if any such were used) were of no
+force with the General, I entirely agree with the Author: For surely no
+Man in his right Senses could imagine that the Patrols round an advanced
+Post, hourly in Danger of being insulted, should be suffered to retire
+at two in the Morning.
+
+Colonel _Grant_ was so far from having enter'd the Enemy's Trenches at
+the Foot of the Castle (as the Author alledges) with a Party of
+Grenadiers, and being there cut off from the Want of being sustained,
+that he received his Wound the Instant he reach'd the Top of the Hill.
+The Guide having been killed about the same time, was probably the
+Occasion, that Lieutenant-Colonel _Hamon_ (who was the next in Command)
+advanced no farther, but remained on the Side of the Hill; where (when
+the Day broke) the Troops were exposed both to the Enemy's great and
+small Shot; which Misfortune ought not surely to be attributed to any
+Defect in the Disposition, but to unavoidable Accidents, by which in War
+the best concerted Schemes are frequently disappointed.
+
+That the Grenado Shells were carried in Boxes in the Rear, and no
+lighted Match provided, will appear to be a palpable Falsehood from the
+Testimony of the Gentlemen of the Train, who delivered them out, and are
+still living. What might possibly give some Colour for this Assertion,
+was, the Grenadiers not carrying their Pouches in that excessive hot
+Climate; it was found necessary, that a Party of _American_ Soldiers
+should receive the Grenados in Bags, and attend the Grenadiers with them
+to the Foot of the Hill; which was accordingly ordered, but in the dark,
+the Party, which had the Charge of the Shells, fell back into the Rear,
+and did not come up with them till after the Attack was begun.
+
+As the Scaling Ladders could not be brought to the Foot of the Walls,
+nor the Wool Packs and working Tools be made use of, till we were in
+Possession of the Breast-work, they were carried in the Rear of the
+Troops, who were ordered to force it.
+
+The Scaling Ladders were called for on the Right, and some of them got
+up the Hill; but Colonel _Grant_ met his Fate too soon to be able to
+advance so far as to have the least Occasion for them on the Left; nor
+could the Officer the next in Command even have tried to make use of
+them, as the _American_ Soldiers, who had the Charge of them
+(notwithstanding the utmost Endeavours of their Officers to prevent it)
+call them down, and either took up Firelocks, or put themselves under
+Cover from the Shot of the Enemy.
+
+I cannot but add in Justice to the _American_ Soldiers, who were
+commanded with Arms on that Occasion, that they were in no wise wanting
+to their Duty.
+
+That the Admiral was neither by Letter, nor Message (as the Author
+boldly asserts) acquainted of the Resolution of the Council of War to
+attack the Fort the next Morning; the Admiral himself (to whom I appeal)
+knows to be absolutely false: It is certain, that the General was that
+Day too much employ'd to write a Letter in Form; but several Messages
+were carry'd by Capt. _Knowles_, and Mr. _Macpherson_, in Consequence of
+which Messages, two Guides were sent by the Admiral's own Order, and
+from his own Ship, to conduct the Forces to the Attack of the Fort the
+next Morning.
+
+The Admiral had actually pressed the Attack, without making the least
+Offer of any Assistance from the Fleet, and appeared to be so far from
+thinking any such Assistance necessary, that he had not only declared
+the Troops on Shore to be more than sufficient for the Service they were
+upon; but had sent from the Fleet a Number of Soldiers, less by 650 than
+were required to be landed by the Council of War. Whence to me it is
+evident (contrary to what the Author affirms) that there was never any
+real Intention to sustain the Attack by a Body of Sailors: Otherwise so
+experienced a Commander, as is Admiral _Vernon_, could not have failed
+of giving timely Notice of such his Intention to the General. It is
+true, that at Break of Day, when the Troops were mounting the Hill, a
+Signal was made for manning the Boats, and for landing, which could at
+that time have answered no other End, but giving a Pretext for ascribing
+to the Sailors, a Share in the Honour of the Success, in Case the Castle
+had been taken.
+
+There were kill'd at the Attack of Fort St. _Lazar_ 179, (commissioned,
+Non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers) and 459 wounded, of whom many
+afterwards died; 16 were taken Prisoners, of which all (excepting six)
+had fallen wounded on the Top of the Hill; amongst whom were three
+Officers, who, tho' treated by the _Spaniards_ with great Humanity, died
+in two or three Days.
+
+I cannot but observe, what a pompous (but false) Account, the Author
+gives of our Loss; he roundly affirms, "_That Numbers of Drums and
+Colours were left behind in the Retreat_," of which there was not in
+Fact One; some few Firelocks belonging to the Soldiers, who fell upon
+the Top of the Hill, could not be brought off; and most of the Scaling
+Ladders, _&c._ which had been intrusted to the Care of the _American_
+Soldiers, remained upon the Ground. What Use the Enemy might make of
+them, I cannot say; but we, who could distinctly see with the naked Eye,
+what passed on the Hill of St. _Lazar_, could perceive nothing of what
+the Author mentions. It was never before alledged, that the Guide, who
+return'd, complained of his not having been followed by the Troops the
+Way he would have led them; but it is certain, that both the Officers
+and the Engineer, who were in the Front, complained of their having been
+mislead by the Guide. Had the contrary appeared, the Offenders could
+scarcely have escaped Censure; for the Instant before the Troops
+advanced to the Attack, the General in Person gave Directions to two of
+the principal Officers, who were to lead on the Grenadiers, to mount the
+Hill upon the Right, and to push at once into the Enemy's Works.
+
+What the Author insinuates, that the Retreat was too long delayed, is
+without any Grounds whatsoever. The Moment it appeared there was no room
+to hope for Success, the Troops were directed to retire, which was done
+in so good Order, that the Enemy did not think it adviseable to advance
+one Step to give them the least Disturbance.
+
+I cannot finish my Observations upon this long Note (_g_) without
+remarking that what palpable Falsehoods, and gross Misrepresentations,
+the Author herein aggravates our Loss at St. _Lazar_; such as the
+generous _Spaniard_ (tho' as an Enemy authorized to do it by Custom)
+would be ashamed of; but in an _Englishman_ it is a Crime, for which
+Language has not yet found a Name, and which nothing but the highest
+innate Malevolence, and the strongest Inveteracy against his Majesty's
+Land Forces, _there employed_, could have produced.]
+
+[Footnote 29: I do not know what might be the Opinion of the Officers
+employed by the Admiral (_Vide_ Note (_h_) page 44) to sound: But I am
+well assured, that experienced Pilots, who have sounded the whole
+Harbour of _Carthagena_ in open Day-Light, do affirm, that large Ships
+can approach so near to the Walls, as easily to batter the Town; of
+which the _Spaniards_ seem very sensible, from their having lately
+erected a Battery of forty Pieces of large Cannon, which commands the
+Bason, where the Galleons usually lie at Anchor.
+
+The _Galicia_'s being sent in had a quite contrary Effect from what the
+Author suggests; for not only the General, but every unprejudiced Man,
+both in the Army, and in the Fleet, was thereby convinced, that our
+large Ships could have got in near enough to batter the Town. For the
+_Galicia_ being deeply loaden, by the Cases filled with Sand (which
+served no other End, but to blind the Men, when the Enemy's Shot took
+place) drew some Feet more Water, than our eighty Gun Ships, and yet lay
+near enough to the Walls of the Town to fire with very good Effect, tho'
+she had no more Guns mounted, than twelve eighteen Pounders, and four
+twelve Pounders.
+
+I submit it to the Reader, tho' he be neither Soldier nor Sailor, to
+judge with what Prospect of Success a Vessel so armed, could be sent in
+singly to stand the Fire of all the Guns on that Side of the Town, of
+which the Event sufficiently proved to Absurdity, "For the enemy had
+demolished her so in two or three Hours, that she would have sunk in
+half an Hour more, if she had not been drawn off:" But if, instead of
+_Galicia_, some of his Majesty's eighty Gun Ships had been ordered in;
+there are (and those very good Judges) who affirm, that they could have
+approach'd near enough to have done effectual Service.]
+
+[Footnote 30: The Author of the Pamphlet (in his Note _i_, page 45.)
+affirms, that from _Thursday_ Morning to _Friday_ Night, by the Accounts
+delivered in, and by the General's Report, the Troops on Shore had
+dwindled from 6645, to 3200. A base and palpable Falsehood! as it will
+evidently appear by the Return given in (_April_ the 12th) by Mr.
+_Wallis_, Agent to the Transports, to Vice-Admiral _Vernon_, of the
+whole Number then victualled on Board, and on Shore, amounting at that
+time to 6645, in which Number were included all the Sick, the Women, the
+Negroes, and Men left in _Boca-Chica_ and _Castillo Grande_, the
+Officers, with their Servants, and People of all Denominations belonging
+to the Land Forces, who received the King's Provisions, whether they
+were on Board, or on Shore.
+
+The Adjutant's Books will shew, that the highest Number of Men landed at
+_La Quinta_ never exceeded 4340 Rank and File, tho' repeated Demands
+were made from the General, and from the Council of War, for their
+Troops on Shore being compleated from the Fleet to 5000 Men, Rank and
+File. At the time of holding the General Council of War, they were, by
+Sickness, and the late Loss, reduced to 3569, feeble, and scarcely fit
+for the ordinary Duty; including 1140 _American_ Soldiers, of whom 600
+were employed upon no other Service, but on working Parties.]
+
+[Footnote 31: It was raised 2600 Yards from the Fort, which is the
+utmost Distance those Mortars can throw a Shell, when their Chambers are
+quite filled with Powder; an Allowance only given for Proof, and never
+upon Service. Tho' appriz'd of this Circumstance by the Colonel of the
+Train, the Captain could not be prevailed upon to advance his Battery
+nearer, but (as it was expected) wasted above two hundred Shells, to
+little or no Purpose whatsoever.
+
+_N.B._ This Battery was begun upon the 8th, but did not Fire before the
+14th.]
+
+[Footnote 32: The imbarking the Troops, (_vide k_) in the cool of the
+Evening, was not only approved by the General, but by the Council of
+War; who had but too justly deserved Censure, should they have
+unnecessarily exposed the Men, not only to the violent Heat of the Sun,
+but to the Enemy's Cannon, which commanded one of the Places of
+Imbarkation.
+
+Had the Author's Apprehensions suffered him to go on Shore at the time
+of the Retreat, he might have observed that it was made without any
+Precipitation, and that neither Tents, Arms, working Tools, nor Baggage
+were left behind.
+
+The General in Person brought up the Rear with his Guard, and having
+perceived, after the Troops had begun their March, that five Tents
+belonging to one of the _American_ Battalions were left standing (for
+which their Lieutenant Colonel had undergone a severe Censure, if his
+Death had not prevented it) and likewise that some Arms and working
+Tools remained upon the Ground, he ordered them to be carried off by the
+Serjeant's Guard which came from _La Popa_, to which Lieutenant
+_Forest_, at the General's Request, added some Sailors, so that the
+whole Ground might be carefully searched to prevent any thing whatsoever
+from falling into the Hands of the Enemy. We having lost no Tents, none
+could (as the Author alledges) be pitched by the Enemy on the top of the
+Hill.
+
+The Admiral having, (when a Flag of Truce was to be sent into the
+Vice-Roy) refused to admit of a particular Messenger from the General, I
+cannot say what idle Expressions might be then made use of to the
+Disadvantage of the Land Forces. If there were any such, possibly they
+did not loose in the Report; but if what the Enemy might throw out
+deserves repeating, it is well known that they frequently expressed
+their Astonishment, that so fine a Fleet should lie unactive within
+their very Harbour; and it was affirmed by Persons of Credit, that a
+_Spanish_ Officer of Rank, who served in _Carthagena_, declared that
+they only waited for the coming in of our great Ships, to have
+surrendered.]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Journal of the Expedition to
+Carthagena, by Anonymous
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