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diff --git a/37212.txt b/37212.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb08f49 --- /dev/null +++ b/37212.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1602 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Discards, by Lucullus Virgil McWhorter + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Discards + +Author: Lucullus Virgil McWhorter + +Release Date: August 25, 2011 [EBook #37212] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DISCARDS *** + + + + +Produced by David E. Brown, Bryan Ness and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + THE + DISCARDS + + [Illustration] + + BY + + He-mene Ka-wan: "Old Wolf" + + (LUCULLUS VIRGIL McWHORTER) + + PRICE, 25 CENTS + + + + + [Illustration: + + Supplement to _The Discards_ Copyright + + WE YALLUP WA YA CIKA + + =Chief of the Ahtanum Clan of the Yakimas, Deceased Dec. 17, 1915= + + See the Chief's Memorial to the "higher officials," April 13, 1913, + in which he prayed for simple justice relative to his stolen water + rights. The venerable Chieftain passed over the Last Trail, still + hoping for the relief that never came. See Lyman's Hist. Yakima + Valley, Vol I, pp 916-920. Continued Crime Against the Yakimas, + 1913. Price 10c.] + + + + + THE DISCARDS + + _By HE-MENE KA-WAN: "Old Wolf"_ + + Author of + + "The Crime Against the Yakimas" + "Border Settlers of Northwestern Virginia" + "Rebellion (?) of the Yakimas" + "The Continued Crime Against the Yakimas" + + + By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept when + we remembered Zion. + + We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. + + For there they that carried us away captive required of us a + song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing + us one of the Songs of Zion.--Psalms 137:1-2-3. + + + + +_Foreword_ + + +An explanation is the only excuse for this little publication. =The +Discards= were primarily to appear in the Second or Summer Season Number +of =The American Indian Tepee=, a quarterly launched for the avowed +purpose of combating the manifest evils of the Indian Bureau; the fraud +and graft imposed with impunity on the child-minded tribesmen by the +robber speculator, land thief and all round crooks who swarm the +reservations; as well as creating a deeper sentiment of respect for the +Red race by giving first hand the Indian side of life; his poetry, +music, philosophy and tribal history. + +As an adopted Yakima, the chief editorship was tendered me and was +accepted with no thought of compensation other than the satisfaction of +attempting to do something for a greatly maligned and hampered people. +The first editorial in the initiative number of the =Tepee=, reveals the +faith that was placed in the declared purpose of the management, which +would now appear as mere ostentation. This became more apparent as work +on the second number progressed. Reproductions foreign to the vital +Indian cause were given precedence over "fighting" originality; and when +the Wolf =howled=, he was summarily =bounced= by the Fox, who then assumed +full control as both manager and editor. + +The contribution by =Hal-ish Ho-sat=: Klickitat for "Old Wolf"; was the +first of a series of hitherto unpublished legends of the Yakimas and +kindred tribes contemplated for the =Tepee=. This, with some editorials, +one or two incomplete, were retained and made use of, while the +=Discards=, a few in galley proof, were returned to me. The editorial +explanation of my severance with the =Tepee= was in bad taste and my own +card was censored to suit the drawing. + +Perhaps the Wolf was too strenuous and the =Discards= had no place in =The +Tepee's= pages. Doubtless the Manager will receive laudation from certain +elements for his action; but believing it good at times that the public +be made acquainted with disagreeable facts, such as contained in some of +these rejects, they are here offered as mere samples of far reaching +conditions. If "Elasticity of Indian Bureau Promises" appear unworthy of +credence, there are the abandoned allotments, parched and dry, still in +evidence, as well as voluminous correspondence on file in the Indian +Department. The pie from the Indian Bureau bakery may look appetizing +and palatable on the printed menu. Lift the crust! then--shield your +nose as you watch 'em crawl. The "consideration" from the honest +business man for Poor Lo's heritage ofttimes shows glitteringly +munificent. Insert the probe! gilded illusion--"mess of pottage"--vermin +infested and stenchful. + +And all this under a Government of the people ($), by the people ($$) +and for the people ($$$). + + =He-mene Ka-wan=: "Old Wolf". + (L. V. McWhorter). + + July 23, 1920 + + + + +_That "Same Old Howl"_ + + +Many of the Yakimas are wondering how long it takes the Indian +Department to make good a promise. Tribesmen have waited vainly the +years for a consummation of pledges made, while others, sore at heart +and foot weary have passed over the Last Trail with thoughts embittered +by the memory of wanton indifference, if not actual connivance of the +Department officials in the brazen robberies which they have suffered. +Ugly, sombre facts have been unearthed in the no distant past, while +others are incubating for an unsavory hatching. + +Fraudulent land deals and theft of irrigation waters are common +complaints. The riparian right to water established by long usage, is a +joke when applied to the Indian. During the vital irrigation period of +May, present year, the editor personally looked into conditions of one +Indian ditch on the Ahtanum. Three Indian allottees, Louis Mann, William +Adams and Joe Yemowat, dependent in part upon this ditch, had not been +able to obtain a drop of water, while white renters above them had been +receiving a full flow for a month. Mr. Clyde Stevens, a heavy renter, +had "soaked" a forty acre field the second time, while two other renters +were getting water galore. In one instance a secret way was discovered +taking a heavy flow. In marked contrast to the luxuriant crops on these +lands, were those of the Indians, parched and withered. While the Indian +Department has no jurisdiction over the distribution of the water in +this particular ditch it =does= have jurisdiction over the leased lands +and has the power to evict any undesirable tenant. Why does it allow a +water-hog to fatten at the expense of those whom it holds in its iron +grasp? If the Injun "hollers" he is branded as a troublesome complainer +and peace disturber. Intimidated and helpless, he suffers deep wrongs in +stolid silence. A husky, in an altercation with one of the looters in +question, took unreasonable abuse rather than come to blows. When asked +why he did this, he replied: + +"I am not afraid of him--the shrimp. I could break him in two. It is his +law that I am afraid of. I know what an Injun would get in court. I have +a family to live for. Our Agent is supposed to protect us in our rights. +He does nothing. He knows that the white man has no right to the water +in this, our Injun ditch. He knows that it is being stolen from us. This +white water thief is protected. He says that Mr. Carr is a fine man. Of +course he should speak well of Mr. Carr. Look at this water thief's +crop, this Mr. Stevens and others. They are fine while our crops are +scorched for water. When only Injuns were on this ditch we had no +trouble. All got water, dividing with each other. I was driven from the +Medicine Valley country because Mr. Reece B. Brown stole all my water +eleven years ago. The Indian Department knew of it, but the Department +is afraid of Mr. Brown or stands in with him in that grab. I came over +here on the Ahtanum to farm and now they steal my water here. The +=Shoyahpoo= is a hog. He takes all and squeals for more." + +It takes no careful observer to ride through the Ahtanum Reservation +lands and pick out the Indian tilled lands from those of white owners +and lessors. The former invariably present a withered appearance, while +those of the whites show fine crops, resultant from sufficient water. +There may be exceptions to this rule, but the cases are few. One fair +minded white man said, when questioned: + +"The Indians get the dirty end of the water deal. The ditch tender has +lands leased down near the lower end of the canal. He has, so he was +heard to say, now finished irrigating his crops for the present, and +turned his water to the orchards owned by whites. It is not right to +have an interested man distributing this water." + + [Illustration: =LOUIS CHARLES MANN= + + Recognized Head of the Ahtanum Clan of Yakimas. From "The Crime Against + the Yakimas." (Copyrighted)] + +Mr. Lew Perkins is Ditch Tender for the Ahtanum section in controversy. +His crops on Indian leased lands show that they have suffered no dearth +of water this season. It is hard to conceive that the Indian officials +are blind to conditions so openly apparent. In 1916 the Ahtanum +situation, the gross injustice suffered by these Indians in stolen water +rights, was exposed in an illustrated article in an eastern journal of +30,000 copies, under the caption: =The Continued Crime Against The +Yakimas=. Promises from the powers that be was the only result. Louis +Mann was referred to by Mr. Dorrington, Indian Inspector, as: "Howling +the same old howl that he has put up for ten years." Does it redound to +the credit of the Indian Department that one of its Wards should howl +vainly for simple justice even for one year? Apropos to this question is +the following letter. Mr. L. M. Holt is Chief Engineer, Indian +Reclamation Service. Mr. Lee referred to is Supervisor of Ditches for +the Yakima Agency. + + + L. M. Holt, Yakima, Wash., July 6th, 1920 + + Dear Mr. Holt: + + I have been deprived from my irrigation waters, my neighbors + steal my water and I have been studying where to make my report + to, as you have all grades of employees on this irrigation + system. As there is earth without water no living man can farm + his dry lands in the Spring, and the white man has no better + system in his body or being he is no better than I am why I + write you so because he dies just the same as poor Injuns die so + therefore I see why you turn all the water for his side and + leave us destitute helpless. Do you be satisfied if I go up to + the head gate and burst up the head gate and get my share of + this irrigation waters for my crops. Is the white man looking + for war path about this irrigation system? I am all time + wondering where all these white people came from. They must have + come where people are starving and they grab everything they + come to. Where did they come from any way, from above the clouds + or from hell? This puzzles me. Everything they want to + themselves, and they are hogging all the time. Their hunger for + more money is not filled; they all time want more, and as I hear + them often say "Damn the Indians" now, but where them white + devils go when they do die, and who is the man on this earth can + tell me I lie. Oh, no, I have been studying these subject for + many years, white man ways of living is no good to me, I hate it + but I cannot help it, as every year I am fussing about this + irrigation system. Now the earth and water is all time here, but + me, I shall be gone where everybody go time they do die, and I + want to live right while living, now I am losing 5 acres in + wheat and 6 acres in alfalfa, now who can protect my rights + about this irrigation system. You want cash down every time and + from the start my irrigation waters been cut short all time. Now + I have six seven rows, that is all for my $60.00 and how do you + expect any man to be a farmer that way. It seems to me the + government is robbing me out of my money. I want to find out who + is the man betrayed my rights on this irrigation system on this + Ahtanum creek. Since all the Ahtanum creek is a reservation + stream all the creek is ours in first place, and Secretary + Garfield robbed us time he gave our water to the whites at the + Ahtanum Academy. White ladies sang a song to him for more Hiyou + Chuck. Was this fine scheme and now we are robbed today. Who + will help us out. Mr. Lee has power to rob us out of our + irrigation system, he is the man told the head gate man to shut + off. I learn this from one of my white man friends. I remember + one time of seeing Mr. Lee at old man Seluskin house time he + told the old man Seluskin he was a man from Washington, D. C. to + help the Indians on this reservation on the irrigation system, + now this day this very same man is no help to us Injuns. I am + not mad at him when I write you this. Now this irrigation system + is too far beyond the law, don't you take me for a bunch of + Coyotes. Look out, do what is right. I am a person just the same + as whites are: we all live by eating same food, and I want to be + in a right living while living on this earth. I was there in + your office twice but you was gone. I want to see you but I do + not know when. I shall see what can be done toward protecting + our irrigation system on this Ahtanum valley, and you know this + earth and water was here and thereon it was the Injuns, and this + will be all. + + I am your truly poor friend, + + LOUIS MANN. + + +As a substance of fact no white man has a right to any of the water from +this Indian ditch, yet year after year the thefts go on unpunished. Is +it any wonder that the Indian has learned to look upon the Agent as a +conniver with the white man to loot and despoil him of his own? The +lame excuse that such things go on unknown to the Indian officials is to +be taken with a mountain of allowance. These Ahtanum Indians have for +years clamored for justice, and have in turn been branded by the +inspectors as "howlers." Such treatment makes Bolshevik and I. W. W. of +white people. + + + + +_Elasticity of Indian Bureau Promises_ + + +NOTE: This article was added to after discardure by the =Tepee=. + +There is an unmistakable national wide agitation looking to the complete +abolition of the Indian Bureau. The insistent outcry of the Indian +against flagrant injustice suffered at the hands of this political +incubus with its army of 7,000 employees, is reaching the rank and file +of the people and already the Czars are visioning the handwriting on the +wall. But as yet the masses know practically nothing about reservation +conditions, know nothing about the inner workings of the Agencies, know +nothing about the blundering incompetency if not down-right dishonesty +of many of the acting officials. Methods employed in letting grazing +permits to outside stockmen, leasing of agricultural lands and the +distribution of irrigation water, too often appear shady and +questionable. On the Yakima Reservation, Wash., water rights of long +standing have been ignored, the entire flow of Indian constructed canals +seized upon, confiscated by the Department or openly stolen by +unprincipled scoundrels who apparently have a stand in with the "higher +ups." Why foster a Bureau which will tolerate and countenance such +brazen and uncovered thievery of the only means by which an Indian can +make use of his lands? A Bureau under which apparently a rich and +powerful "System" has sprung up and is operating. A single case: + +Near White Swan, nine Indian eighty acre allotments were receiving water +from a ditch of their own construction, tapping Medicine Valley. Indian +homes were established on all these tracts, each irrigating from ten to +sixty acres. Some had planted small orchards, others were gardening and +raising grain. About eleven years ago, one Reece B. Brown bought at a +low figure the Umtouch allotment on the west, the first receiving water +from the ditch. Mr. Brown, who has been connected with divers +litigations connected with Reservation deals, boldly appropriated (?) +all the water from the lower eight allotments, diverting it to his own +land which was planted to orchard. The Agent knew of the +"appropriation." He did nothing--for the Indians. I personally called +the attention of the Acting Engineer of the Indian Reclamation Service +to the robbery. An "investigator" looked the situation over. Looked, and +nothing more. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs was appealed to. An +investigation and promises--nothing more. The aid of the Secretary of +the Interior was invoked. An "investigation" and more promises--nothing +more. In 1913 I was told by Superintendent Carr that suit had been +instituted in the Federal Court for the recovery of this water, and a +subsequent letter from the Assistant Indian Commissioner in reply to an +inquiry, stated that such suit was "pending." The case has never +progressed beyond this "pending" stage. Evidently the "pending" cord was +most carefully selected for its stretching and wearing qualities. Is the +Indian Bureau a party to the crime? Or is it only afraid of the reputed +millionaire water "appropriator"? So far the "investigations" have all +been conducted by the Indian Bureau officials only. Will a higher +tribunal be invoked before another Planting Moon shall have arrived? + +In 1916 a very full account of this most disgusting affair was given by +me in an eastern journal of 30,000 copies, under the caption: =The +Continued Crime Against The Yakimas=. This brought out a feeble renewal +of never-to-be-kept-promises from the Department. Water by the Wapato +Canal would cover these lands "next year" in any event. Several "next +years" have passed and these lands are still powder-dry, while the +orchards planted on the Umtouch allotment have flourished and brought +returns, nourished by stolen water. The other eight allotments are also +producing--fine second growth desert sage. The houses are tumbling to +decay, the fencing in some instances disappearing beneath the drifting +sand dunes--fitting monument to the cowardly, vacillating policy of an +obsolete Bureau. + +Of late the Department has ignored all local letters touching Brown's +seizure of the Indian water and the "pending" suit, but goaded and +cornered by a Boston philanthropist, the Hon. Cato Sells while not +conceding a crime, has agreed that the water "diminished" in that +particular ditch; but points pridefully to Departmental activity in +bringing water to the lands "this season" by the Wapato Canal; or by the +storage system of Medicine Valley or Toppenish Creek "next year." Nay +more! another "investigation" by Supt. Carr and Federal District +Attorney, Francis H. Garrecht, actually took place in a Yakima hotel +lobby last spring, where it was found that: "Differences of opinion +between white settlers and Indians regarding Water rights along Medicine +Creek have arisen;" and that "it is probable that cases which have +already been in court will again have to come up for adjudication." +Later in response to an inquiry, Mr. Garrecht intimates that some time +and some where some body may be summoned to give testimony in a possible +suit against the Reservation Water Hog. + +During all these weary years, the Indians, who have not died, have been +buoyed up by these worthless and hollow promises of "water next year;" +inducing some of them, especially Luke Wappet, to repeatedly plant +fields only to meet with disappointment and loss of both seed and labor. +Wappet had sixty acres under cultivation until Brown stole the Indian +ditch dry. Last spring I saw him toiling on a ditch hoping to bring +water from another source, but met with failure. His wheat crop withered +and blasted as on former occasions. + +Forty acres of Simon Goudy's allotment lies just east of the Wappet +tract, and on the extreme tail of the looted Medicine Valley ditch. +Goudy had this north forty under cultivation, now returned to desert +sage and weeds. Instead of this land being covered by the Wapato Canal +as repeatedly promised, the waterway has been constructed along the east +line of his ranch, which irrigates from the west. Goudy cannot irrigate +the fraction of an acre from this "bring-water-to-you-next-year" canal. +Not only this, but the canal embankment completely closes all avenue of +escape for waste water from his south forty acres, heretofore utilized +by his neighbor, Simon George, Indian, whose land adjoins him on the +east. Simon George received his water through Goudy's lateral, which was +severed by the canal. The flimsy, half-sized flume constructed over the +canal by the Indian Service for the purpose of a waterway, broke down +within a few hours after water had been turned into it. Mr. George was +compelled to rebuild the flume, enlarging it to capacity at his own +expense. His loss in damaged crops because of this delay was not +inconsiderable. + + [Illustration: =SIMON GEORGE REBUILDING WORTHLESS FLUME PLACED BY INDIAN + SERVICE ACROSS WAPATO CANAL= + + Showing the Embankments of the Canal Which Completely Bars the Escape of + Simon Goudy's Waste Water] + +Approximately four acres of Goudy's land was taken by the canal right of +way, soil being appropriated even beyond the fenced limits, leaving the +surface so lowered as to swamp and become worthless. For this right of +way, Goudy received not one dollar for either ground or damages +sustained. + +Running midway from west to east through Goudy's allotment is the dry +bed of a small creek, which carries water contingent only on the +heaviest snows of winter. The Wapato Canal completely blocks this water +way, but a gap has been left in the west, or near embankment for the +purpose of permitting any possible flow of the creek to enter the canal. +This of course allows the canal to empty into the dry bed, filling it to +within a few hundred feet of Goudy's west line. This former dry +depression, which Goudy always kept free from waste water, is thus +converted into a veritable lagoon, unfordable and which in time will +develop into a mosquito-breeding, willow-grown swamp. + +Mr. Goudy irrigates his south forty acres from the Paiute Ditch, which +was constructed by Indians under the supervision of James H. Wilbur, +Agent, for the Paiute prisoners of war brought to the Yakima Reservation +at the close of the Bannock uprising in 1878. The Paiutes running away, +the ditch was turned over to the Yakimas by Agent Wilbur, and has been +used by them unmolested during the intervening forty one years. Mr. +Goudy built his own lateral more than a quarter of a century ago. This +year, during the vital irrigating season of May, three several "ditch +tenders" called upon him, ordering him not to use such a volume of +water, although water was running waste down the main creek bed. The +Indian refused to obey the injunction. It appeared to him that it was +not enough that he had been despoiled of water for half of his ranch by +a seemingly upheld thief, but the Government was now bent on ruining, or +confiscating his remaining water supply. The danger point had been +reached and the "ditch tenders" were afterwards conspicuous by their +absence on the Goudy lateral. Perhaps the "tenders" had a vision of an +outraged Indian with a Winchester near that same spot on a former +occasion, when the foreman of the railroad construction gang suddenly +realized that his health was in jeopardy should he insist too +strenuously on entering Goudy's field before settlement of right of way +damages. + + [Illustration: =SIMON GOUDY, Allottee= + + Robbed of His Medicine Valley Ditch Eleven Years Ago, 40 Acres of His + Ranch, Where Once He Harvested 892 Sacks of Fine Wheat, Is Now, Thanks + to Indian Bureau Efficiency, a Desert Waste of Drifting Sands and + Useless Sage.] + +As stated, Mr. Goudy has no outlet for his waste drainage, and about +four acres of growing wheat and alfalfa became flooded in consequence. +This he saved by cutting the canal bank, the overflow escaping through +the vent. Earlier in the season and before irrigation, I had, at the +instance of Mr. Goudy, called the attention of the Indian Service +Engineer, Mr. L. M. Holt, to the fact that Mr. Goudy had not been +provided with an outlet for his waste flow; and the reply was: "We do +not expect him to have any waste water." It was not known at that time +that an attempt would be made to curtail his Paiute source of water. + +Thus we see how Simon Goudy, allottee, has been damaged thousands of +dollars, as land values are computed in that section, how he has +suffered not only at the hands of an unrestrained water-thief, but also +from the very Bureau officials sworn to protect him in his vested rights +as a Ward of the Government. He recalls bitterly how he was refused +patent for his south forty acres when the White Swan branch of the N. P. +Railroad was under construction, when he thought by realizing on it as a +town site. Soon after he was waited on by a committee of "business men" +who assured him that they could easily obtain the coveted patent for +him, provided he first contract the land to them. Now, that there is no +longer an opportunity to realize on it as a town site, he is importuned +by the Bureau to accept a patent and become a full fledged citizen +of--his own native land. + +Can the most prejudiced of "Indian haters" find excuse for the treatment +accorded Simon Goudy by the Indian Department? And yet there are other +potential facts which would lend color to Goudy's contention that he has +incurred the divine displeasure of the Bureau officials and has been +singled out as an object of dirt and spite. As incredulous as this may +seem there are grounds for the conjecture. Petty annoyances and +discriminations suffered by Goudy are many and manifold. The Agency +thrasher has more than once refused to thrash his crop until all others +were attended to. Last year it passed and repassed his stack yard, +compelling him at additional cost of time and money to procure another +machine lest his grain damage by possible rain as on a former occasion. + +But Mr. Goudy is not the only allottee to suffer by this +"past-all-understanding" methods of the Indian Service. There are other +Yakimas on the Paiute Ditch. Louis Mann has two inherited eighties below +the Goudy lateral and this year has experienced unlooked for trouble. +The Wapato Canal carries water to the Paiute, and a charge has been +levied against the water users. The Agency claims that not more than one +fifth of the water used is now supplied by the Paiute source, but a +fairer estimate would place it at one half. The Indians contend that +they have always had sufficient water from the Paiute alone, that the +Indian Service has seized upon their forty-one year-old ditch without +their knowledge or consent, and are now charging them for water which +they can not get in sufficient quantity for their crops. Personal +observation discloses the astounding fact that the head gate of the Mann +lateral is under lock and key, that the intake is at a very low +pressure, affording a water supply inadequate for the crops planted, and +not on par with the money demanded of him by the Departmental +authorities; while lower down on the Paiute the lateral head gate in use +by whites is without lock and is under an exceedingly high pressure, +insuring to the users thereof the full and unlimited control of their +own water supply. Can any fair minded citizen blame an Indian for +putting up "the same old howl that he has howled for the last ten +years?" Apropos to the foregoing facts are the following communications +which are self-explanatory. The =Neekass Canal= is the Paiute Ditch. The +name used is that pertaining to the surrounding country: "where horses +were left." + + +=INDIAN WATER USERS OF THE PIUTE DITCH IN COUNCIL= + + WHITE SWAN, WASH., May 28, 1920. + + Mr. DON M. CARR: + + At this meeting today, We Protest and Oppose to Reclamation + Service to enter their water into Our Neekass Ditch. Let + Reclamation keep out from our Neekass Canal. Our Flood Water We + have been using this water from the Simcoe Creek for 41 years, + And our Prior Riparian Rights was there Before Reclamation + Service Came. Indians used this Simcoe Creek Water for 41 years + now, We want you to Protect our Rights. We are shamed to see + this Reclamation Let our crops go to hell, what kind of people + are these Reclamation Service where do they come from, they are + all to crush us down and what can we do to save our crops, we + are trying our best to do what is right, Our Great Father of + Washington D. C. want to see us be a farmers that is us Injuns + but not to take away our water with which we been Irrigating our + lands for 41 years, and where ever the Reclamation Service + constructed the Ditches at their own funds, and we do not kick + about it we are willing to pay the assessments to the water + charges but here we hate to bring an Injunction Suit to the + Reclamation Service. I want you to see and to protect our + rights, You do not want to see me and my neighbors be loosing + our crops, Because the Reclamation Service are the only persons + to live on this Earth they are hungry after the Dollars and + their hunger is not filled. We do bitterly here Protest and + Oppose to see our ditch be Grabbed away, and let us go to hell + and of course where the reclamation service build their own + ditches, and it is their own sole rights to collect the + assessment from the Lands watered, but not on this Ditch which + we have been using for 41 years can you do any Assistance? I am + feeling very bad I hate to loose my hard labor and seed, I want + you to stop Interfering Our rights let the Reclamation Service + leave us all alone. + + Sincerely your friend + + LOUIS MANN, + + =Simon Goudy, George Simon, Shepherd Peter, and Guy Howard= took + this letter to Mr. Carr. + + * * * * * + + L. M. Holt, Yakima, Wash., July 16, 1920. + + Reclamation Service, Yakima, Wash. + + Dear Sir: + + I have received a notice (bill for money due) No. 1762 W1/2 + SW1/4 and SE1/4 SW1/4 and SW1/4 SE1/4 35-11-17 and I was + investigating the number of my allotments and I have found. Well + my friend now my mistake (understanding) is this way. I am water + user on this Piute Ditch for 41 solid years before you enter + your water into this ditch without my consent and your ditch + tenders bother me from my own water, and I am wondering who must + be too damn white on your office, and he do not understand what + is on this earth Prior Riparian Rights to water. I am a man want + to do what is right, I am not waiting to beat some one in my + ranching business. That Mr. Holt you consider my talking to you + in this writing I am not crazy when I am writing this to you + today. I want to know who did put this assessment to me and + charging me $80.00. That ditch was constructed before the first + allotment was made to the Indians, and am I mistaken in my mind + to be a man holder of that water as a man to have a Prior + Riparian Rights to my water on these two allotments, which your + employees has a charge to me. Do you think you will make me to + pay you for my own water? Do you think you have a right to + grabble my Prior Riparian Rights? Now here is the question, is + your power right to crush me down as you see fit? I do not want + to be too damn smart, I know where you build or constructed + ditches with government funds, you have sole rights to put the + assessment charges to lands and I am willing to pay, but where I + am using this water for 41 years do not think you have founded + the Indian ditch that is owned by the dead Indians. Look out + man! The earth and water are all time here but me I am not all + time here. Like my little son which you have seen time you was + to my house. The little boy was buried yesterday at 1 o'clock P. + M. and every one of us to die, and we of course every one of us + want is money. But let us see where we are at, some times yet I + will call to your office when I am in town. Well the earth and + water before I was born, and next is me before your Reclamation + Service came. Do not be too white and too Damn Smart. Recognize + my being first water user along this Piute Ditch. When James H. + Wilbur being Agent and when he left he was shaking my hands and + he was talking to me good bye and he told me at that time "take + care the Ditch it is yours my boy, he said to me this that Ditch + was built for the Piutes, but the Piutes ran away, and now is + yours, that water will give you money and support for your + living," and so from that time we use that Ditch and water, and + do you rather let us have the litigation of the Injunction Suit? + I am no Renter of them two Allotments, I am the owner of the + land and the water for 41 years. I am not writing a foolish + talk. I mean business, I am of course a Red man and by being is + Same and the Rest have and I will die same. No difference I am + talking about my Rights. + + Very truly your friend, + + LOUIS MANN, R. 4, Box 233. + + * * * * * + + Yakima, Wash., July 22, 1920. + + Dear McWhorter My white Brother: I am not feeling good yet. I + cannot forget my Dearest Child in my poor Family, one that was + loved by all in my family, and it will take some time to get + over this Lamentations over the loss of the beloved Dearest Son. + I know that I am to Die yet myself but I cannot help this my + dearest white brother. We all of course have to Die on this + Earth, and if honest on this earth we may meet our loved one + gone before us. well brother I was over to see F. J. MAPES to my + old ranch yesterday, and I have seen my Irrigation water none on + my head gate, and I am wondering could any man on this face of + the Earth Irrigate 80 acres with one inch by 18 inches of water, + now they have Done me Dirtiest Trick them Reclamation Service + outfit. I Don't give A Damn who ever is in this Service all of + course they come from the old world where white people are + Starving, this is my understanding from the papers I read. Now + If I was Sleeping Indian I would Loose all my crops over there + all of it, but as my Neighbors carry water through my Premises + and if my hired man maybe to steal water this our own water, and + this awful shame way of using Reclamation Service Tricks, To + CIVILIZE me. Oh What A white mans Rulings. Very soon he will run + me Down, and what is the Right way to bringing me to + Citizenship? learn me First To steal? which I never like it in + my life, well brother No man can Civilize me this way, bad + whites are combined to run Down Indians like a Wolf Runs Down + deer when wolf is awful hungry, I have been Studying these + things, and one of my Neighbor crops went to hell there + adjoining my place, that is Mr GUY HOWARD he is an Injun man. I + wish you would make a trip with me there and see that GUY + HOWARDS Crops, and have it taken a Picture, what a Damn Nice + piece of the work the Reclamation Service done with this Injun, + Starve the mans crops because no money in advance, while the + Reclamation Service Committed a crime enter their water into our + Ditch without our Consent. Piute Ditch was build with Indian + money for the Piute Indians who were brought here from Malhiuer + from Oregon by the Agent JAMES H. WILBUR, and with help by some + of our Yakima Indians with Teams and wagons. I have forgotten + now, may be old man Peter Klickitat was in that trip, well + brother may be to Damn white Rullers in this Reclamation + Service, and to Dirty heart Tricks with this Service, this + Government is Polished with Black when Such Water Lords are in + this Service, now brother If you had time to go with me over + this coming Sunday, you would come to my place in the first car + that comes out in the morning, and we would start out from my + place with a hack drive over there and back in the evening. + + I am yours very Truly Brother + + LOUIS MANN. + + * * * * * + + [Illustration: =HUM ISHUMA--"Morning Dove" of the Okanogans= + + Author of COGEWEA, an Unpublished Manuscript Romance of the Great + Montana Cattle Range + + Photo and Copyright by J. W. Langdon, 1915] + + * * * * * + +=Howlin' Wolf=: "What is this 'Lo Business' engaged in by Recbe-Brown of +the Forked Tongue? he whose 'medicine' started with a sudden blaze; he +who can rob the 'Nation's Wards' without hindrance; he who takes from +the widow and orphan their last wampum bead, their last bite of grub; he +who clouds the head of the Injun with fire water and then steals his +only blanket and shirt, leaving him naked before his tribe. + +"Who is this Miller of the Wampum Lodge? this Miller who grinds the +ignorant Injun instead of grain for bread; he who once tallied at the +Agency but now counts wampum for a Banker of his own kind. + +"Who is this Ain't Worthy, the Oily? he who sells his chu-chu wagon, +Double Price to the foolish Yakimas. Who are these men without shame or +honor?" + + * * * * * + +=Growlin' Bear=: "This Lo(est) Business engaged in by he of the Forked +Tongue and he of the Wampum Lodge, is cheatin' the Injun, stealin' his +land and water. They are the =Lal-a-wish=: the wolves tearin' and rendin', +robbin' and thievin' despoilin' unhindered alike the ignorant, drunken +brave and the toil-worn widow, takin' the last piece of jerk from the +orphaned papoose. Want and misery! hunger and nakedness stalks the trail +of their making. + +"Ain't-Worth-a-Dam, the Oily, is a coyote from the trap-pen sneakin' in +the wake of Forked Tongue and Grindin' Miller, watchin' their signalin' +to jump the last bone left their victim Lo. + +"How this done? Growlin' Bear don't know; Injun don't know. +Maybe Injun Bureau know, Maybe Agency know! Maybe Deacon Lawyer +the Dirty of Yakima can tell. Blind talk-wire from Washington, D. +C.--Yakima--Toppenish--everywhere. =Christian Shooyahpo= too crooked-smart +for Pagan Injun. Ugh! the smell is bad." + + * * * * * + +A certain Deacon Attorney who is making it possible for an unscrupulous +sales agent to collect from the ignorant, childish minded Yakimas the +robber commission of $500 above the regular set price of an automobile, +should have been a chemist. He is such a good "mixer;" prayin' and +thievin', thievin' and prayin'; stirrin' all in the same bowl. Thankful +to Providence for providin' this easy channel of wealth wherein the +shekels may be garnered, this forked tongued double talented Deacon, who +like a buckwheat grain presents a face from whatever angle viewed, pays +to the Lord a regular tithe. Doubtless this is perfectly legitimate and +right, else it would not be tolerated by the Church, but it occurs to +some of the worldly minded that it is not accordin' to the traditional +narrow and straight path. "Growlin' Bear" is of the opinion that if the +white man's God is partner to such a deal, He had better keep His own +books and be on the lookout in the final roundup, or the Deacon Lawyer +will sure "slick ear" on Him. But then "Growlin' Bear," primitive and +uneducated, still sticks to his breech clout and moccasins. He is not +supposed to understand the higher civilization. What is an Injun for if +not to be skinned by the "superior" race? + + * * * * * + +Last winter three young girls deserted from the Yakima Agency school. +Two of them reached home, the other one, whose parents resided in a +distant part of the Reservation, died near White Swan from cold and +exposure. No adequate attempt, it is alleged, was made by the Agency to +locate the runaways, and the parents of the missing child supposed her +to be at the school. Two weeks later her body was found with eyes picked +out by the magpies. Was there an investigation?--an inquest? If so who +ever heard of it? The story leaked out through Indian channels alone. +Indian Agency efficiency and care! Indian Bureauism! One dead Injun +child and the carrion birds the fatter for their feast. + + * * * * * + +If the "incompetent" Indian has it tough in this life where he is so +well cared (?) for by the Bureau, can his condition be imagined in the +Happy Beyond?--a land void of both Injun Agents and fleas. + + * * * * * + +An interesting, though pathetic scene was enacted in the Superior Court +in Yakima recently. Sahpamequick Twatentush, a young Indian was on trial +for his life for killing Sheowit a "bad" medicine man who had cast a +death spell over his infant boy. Advised by two medicine women, who had +been summoned to treat the child, that they could render no aid unless +the man remove his evil spell, the distressed father rode twenty miles +horseback to entreat Sheowit to come to the rescue. The medicine man +refused, and according to the testimony of an eye witness, and that of +the accused himself, he mocked at the sorrow of the father, stating that +he had sent an evil spirit into his child's body and that it would die. +He angrily exclaimed: "I am a strong man! I want to kill somebody all +the time! I have killed your child and I will kill you!" With this he +drew a hatchet from beneath his blanket and made an attempt to strike +the young man; who dodged and backed away. The enraged medicine man +followed him, striking once or twice with the hatchet. It was then that +the Indian drew his pistol and killed his assailant. The medicine man +was of bad repute, having killed two or more men. For one of the crimes +he had served a term in the penitentiary. During the trial, many +interesting points concerning the philosophy of the Yakimas were brought +to light. It is needless to say that the sympathy of the public was with +the defendant, who sat stoical during the trial in full tribal costume. +It took the jury but ten minutes to bring in a verdict of not guilty. +Barring self defense, the young man in taking the life of Sheowit, had +but followed an ancient law of his tribe. It was suggested, by one who +attended the trial, that it might serve a good purpose could this +unwritten Yakima tamanwit be enforced against some of the quack M. D.s +among the whites. + + * * * * * + +As a side light on the prevailing belief in the powers of the medicine +man, the following communication is given. + + Mr. L. V. McWhorter, July 10, 1920. + + My White Brother: + + In God's will I was to live on this earth for a short time and I + am about to lose my nice little son, Senator Leo. He is having + awful time talking, repeating the words of the Indian Doctors + and this matter nearly set me crazy, and if it was not for my + religion I would take my gun and kill the bad Indian Doctors, + but my Great God is on my side and he shall save my little boy's + soul, but of course, the body will be buried to rot and decay + and that my religion tell me this: Thou shall not kill, and I + tried my best to save him, but white man doctor can not cure the + boy because the boy had Indian doctor sick to which white man + has no belief, but this is true as you understand Indian ways. + Old Man Tom is a bad one. He killed my mother-in-law and one + little child for me. I can not do no further to reach a cure for + my little dear son. I had Priest there yesterday giving the + little boy blessing and extreme unctions so the boy will die + holy. The Indian doctors are killing us right and left this day. + This is no lie and I do not know how long the little son live + and he will go. He get some times unconscious and this is all my + brother. + +The sick child died four days later. + + * * * * * + +The curse of =Shakerism= on the Yakima Reservation is well illustrated in +the following. A young married woman stricken in confinement, was, for +three days and nights "doctored" by one of the "priests", or "preachers" +by noisy incantations and ringing of bells, assisted by many "helpers". +At the end of that period the poor sufferer was released by death. Think +of this and lend your moral and financial aid to the Mission now being +established at White Swan. + + * * * * * + +The Tepee Association is a body of its own, entirely distinct and +separate from the =Mission= being established on the Yakima Reservation. +The =Tepee= will work in unison with the Mission and kindred organizations +for the uplift of the Indian and for a more liberal recognition of his +rights. Not only must the coming Indian be prepared by education for a +higher plane in life, but the public must also be enlightened to his +needs and to the fact that the Indian can =never be= a man until delivered +from the unreasonable trammelings of the Indian Bureau. That body must +be reformed or dethroned. + +NOTE--Will the =Tepee= return to its original declared principal of +battling for a better recognition of the rights of its people?; or is it +to follow the less rugged trail of mediocre so recently determined on? +The true warrior never shows his heels at the first sound of the enemy +guns. + + * * * * * + +The Tipi Order of America opened a new Council in Tacoma (Tahoma) during +the Planting Moon. It started with 30 charter members, many of them +identified with the I. O. R. M. + + * * * * * + +"LET MY PEOPLE GO!" Wassaja. + + * * * * * + +The Yakima Council of Tipi Order is planning for a big pow-wow and +shoot. Buffalo Ben is Chief of the Council's Gun-warriors, and has +scored some high marks in clay pigeon shooting. From a humane point of +view, it is regrettable that the clay bird is not substituted for the +living victim in all sports. + + * * * * * + +What is the TIPI ORDER OF AMERICA? + + * * * * * + +The American Commercial Bank of Wapato, Wash., is a red hot nail in the +oft repeated assertion that the Indian is void of business qualities. + +Humane work for the first time in history, has reached the Yakimas +through the efforts of the Yakima County Humane Society. Recently two of +its officers attended a round-up of wild range horses at the "Ten Cent +Corral" near the Agency where they found some of the animals being +"broke" by the usual method of keeping them tethered for three or four +days without food or water. It was explained to the Indians that this +could not be allowed, that under no circumstances must an animal be so +confined for more than 24 hours. With but one or two exceptions the +warning was received kindly, many of the Indians expressing their +approbation. The brutality of the branding corral, where the young colts +are trampled and maimed, ofttimes killed outright, was also supervised. +This part of the work fell to Mr. Simon Goudy, a half-blood Volunteer +Officer. Here there was some friction, and it is said, a delegation of +Indians laid complaint before their Superintendent, with what result is +not known further than that the Humane Society received no official +notice of action by the Agency. Later, in reply to a communication from +the society setting forth its desire to promote humane education among +the Yakimas, Supt. Carr expressed his unqualified approval and pledged +to lend his support to the movement within the resources at his command. +Thus the way is paved and if properly handled, many of the ghastly +features of the Yakima roundup will be eliminated. + + * * * * * + +The Yakima Humane Society has in its ranks two Indian Volunteer Officers +helping to enforce humane laws on the Yakima Reservation, and +instructing their people in the ways of kindness to animals. The first +of their race to enter this field in the northwest, their action is +bound to have a salutary influence among their own tribesmen. Look +elsewhere for the "savage" than the Yakima. + + * * * * * + +Mrs. Jennie R. Nichols, of Tacoma, Wash., Field Worker of the American +Humane Society, attended the National Parent-Teachers' Association at +Madison, Wisconsin, during Rose Moon. The result of Mrs. Nichols' ten +days effort with that body may be summarized thus: A speech before the +Assembly which aroused intense interest. Getting through a resolution +placing this great body of 100,000 educators solidly back of humane +education. A Board of Managers in this Department of Education, Mrs. +Nichols, chairman. The newly elected President of the Association +pledged her support of this new Departure, realizing that such education +means the elimination of much crime and all around better citizenship. +Mrs. Nichols' accreditation as the most active field humane worker in +the United States is borne out by the success of her indefatigable +efforts at the great Madison Convention, was loyally supported by Mrs. +C. A. Varney, President of the Washington State Parent-Teachers' +Association. + +Since Indian children are more in attendance at our public schools each +succeeding year, this new feature of humane education is bound to have +telling effect on the minds of the youth of the First Americans. + + * * * * * + +Out on a rock crowned desert mountain in the Okanogan country, far from +water lies the shriveled form of a coyote with one foot clamped in the +rusted jaws of a Government trap. The chain, with its triple flukes +anchored to a sage brush, is taut and twisted, attesting the awful +strugglings of the animal before death came to its release. Trapped in +mid-summer, the agony of that coyote can not be imagined, as day after +day passed with the scorching rays of a hell-sizzling sun beating down +upon it. Obviously a war of extermination against certain predatory +animals is justifiable, but there is nothing more brutal than the modern +methods of trapping. Notwithstanding, we have the amazing spectacle of +Dr. William T. Hornaday, naturalist, advocating that this brutalizing +pursuit be taken up by the Boy Scouts; and the suggestion is sanctioned +by the executive board of that fine organization. God created man and +all kinds of animal life, but he did not create the steel trap. + + * * * * * + +The catch of salmon at Top-tut, now known as Prosser, on the Yakima +river this year was unusually heavy. Under the Treaty of 1855, it would +appear that the right to take fish at this, their ancient fishing +grounds, is assured the Indians, but a State law interferes and the +authorities tacitly permitted the Yakimas a certain number of days in +which to catch and cure a winter's supply of this, their favorite food. +The fish is both dried and salted. It is hoped that the next legislature +will restore to the Yakimas their right to fish at Top-tut, built +especially for them in the beginning by Speelyi. + +The State Federation of Women's Clubs, meeting in convention at +Wenatchee, Wash., June 1920, unanimously passed resolutions requesting +the coming legislature to enact some measure which will permit the +Yakimas to take fish hereafter unmolested at Top-tut during the salmon +season. + + * * * * * + +Pursuant to a recent ordinance passed by the City Commission of Yakima, +no dog is to bark, no cow to moo nor rooster to crow within the +corporate limits after night fall, under penalty of a fine not to exceed +$100 with possible imprisonment. The next sane move is to enact a +tamanawit against the cooing of babies and the early carol of robin red +breast. The dulcet yodel of the tom cat, the musical purr of the open +muffler and the rhythmical chime of the flat car wheel is symphony +plenty a-nuff for the city denizens. + + * * * * * + +ONE WAY OF LOOKING AT IT + +Help on the Yakima Reservation has been extremely scarce during the +harvest season this year. A rancher came to Wapato and entering a pool +room saw two young Indians taking life easy. He accosted them, enquiring +if they wanted work, offering them substantial wages if they would help +him a few days. The Indians exchanged glances and one of them spoke: +"No! you white people came here, we did not want you. You made all this +work, all this trouble. You can do the work yourselves; it is your +business." + + * * * * * + +"=Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, +ye have done it unto me.=" (Matthew 25-40.) + +But Matthew, like James was only writing the words of the Master long +before Columbus discovered America, before the Injun was even thought +of, maybe invented. + + * * * * * + +THE SERPENT'S SLIMY TRAIL + +A favorite method of swindling is to inveigle the Indian into +encumbering an allotment with a mortgage which will seldom if ever be +redeemed, thus obtaining the land by foreclosure. The following gives an +inkling to this mode of "stalking" by the financial gun-man. + + CENTRAL BANK OF TOPPENISH + + Mrs. Lucy James Toppenish, Wash., July 2, 1920. + + Harrah, Wash. + + Dear Madam: + + I note that you have received and recorded Patent in Fee to your + allotment in section 27-11-18 near Harrah, and in this + connection, wish to advise that if you desire to either borrow + money on the property or sell the same, we would be pleased to + talk with you at any time it is convenient. + + We are in a position to place suitable farm loans for three or + five years at favorable rates of interest with prompt service. + + Awaiting the opportunity of serving you, I am + + Sincerely yours, + + H. B. MILLER, Cashier. + + +Mrs. James' deed was filed for record June 29, 1920. Her "friend" lost +no time in his offer of financial assistance (?). Nasty intrigue. Mr. H. +M. Gilbert is President of the Central Bank of Toppenish. + + * * * * * + +"Let the white man get all the water he can in this life, for he is +going where it is awfully hot and dry."--=Louis Mann= in =The Continued +Crime Against The Yakimas=. + + * * * * * + +"Water is Life. =Tahoma=, the =Big White Mountain! the= source of water. +When I die, the Earth will take care of my body." + + =Chief Sluskin=, the Yakima. + + * * * * * + +WATCHMAN, WHAT OF THE NIGHT? + +Hon. Cato Sells recently visited the Yakima Indian Reservation +ostensibly in the interest of the Indian, but so far as can be learned +no Indian was consulted, no tribesman invited to council, none permitted +to air their many just grievances. None knew of his coming and but few +learned of his going, and this, through a few friendly whites. Perhaps +the Commissioner had not the time to devote to his Red Wards. Banquets +with officials and speculators in Indian lands could not be foregone. In +Toppenish a few of the Yakimas were informed of the stranger's personnel +as he and his "escorts," or "body guard," as one observer commented, +stepped into the Agency car and was whirled away. One of the tribesmen +exclaimed: + +"What does this mean? Why does our Commissioner do this thing? I +thought he was =our= commissioner, to look after =us=. What is he +here for? What is he doing? I know some of those men with him. I +know who they are, what they are doing to the Injuns. We want to +tell Mr. Sells something about how we are treated, how we are +robbed, but Mr. Carr keeps him from us. Why is this? What is +wrong with Mr. Sells." + +Let Mr. Cato Sells explain his course to this untutored Yakima. + +There is "something rotten in Denmark" when an Indian who has a thousand +dollars due him at the Agency is compelled to borrow fifty dollars with +which to purchase grain sacks before he can thrash his wheat crop. + + * * * * * + +"=It is Hell to be an Injun!=" was the rueful self diagnosis of a Yakima +allottee as he dejectedly surveyed his torn hog fence and ruined garden, +ground and demolished by one of the Government dredges. The crew, +finding a bridge on the public road possibly unsafe, had, without +consulting the Indian or asking his permission, opened his fence, +entered his premises with the many toned machine, passed over a part of +his garden, obliterating it, leaving the fence broken permitting his +hogs to scatter at large. The Indian was not aware of this occurrence +until hours afterwards when he found his hogs wandering on the highway. +When the dredge-crew was spoken to he was referred to the Indian Farmer. +When this official was approached, he was referred to the Agency +Superintendent. Appealing to this worthy, he was informed that he "knew +nothing about it." And yet it is expected of the Indian that he be law +abiding, show love and reverence for the Flag and the Government--to +lick the hand that vivisects him. Surely it is "Hell to be an Injun." + + * * * * * + +THAT SAWMILL + +The Yakima Indian Reservation has timber valued at more than three +million dollars, and yet the Yakimas have no way of making domestic or +commercial use of this wealth. Building material must be obtained from +local dealers at high cost. The saw mill built by the Government in +compliance with treaty stipulations, burned more than a quarter century +ago "under very suspicious circumstances," so the Indians declare, and +has never been replaced. Under date of April 26, 1909, Mr. C. F. Hauke, +Chief Clerk of the Indian Office, in answer to an inquiry, wrote Louis +Mann: "The sawmill is to be put into shape for operation at an early +date." No move has ever been made to redeem that "black and white" +promise. It will be remembered that at that time the Department was over +anxious to secure Yakima signatures which would permit the looting of +the tribesmen to the tune of undetermined millions. The signatures were +not forthcoming and the sawmill promise turned out to be another Indian +Bureau fabrication. + + * * * * * + +It should redound to the credit of the Yakima Indians who refused to +accompany the Pack Train under the supervision of Head Packer Anderson, +who served the Mountaineer Club on its outing in the Olympic Mountains +this season. Anderson packed for the Club in its tour of Tahoma last +year, with three or four Yakimas and their horses. The Indians, usually +considered hard horse masters, got their fill of Anderson's mode of +over-loading and driving the long stretches of steep and rugged trail, +ofttimes occupying seventeen hours without food or rest. The horses, +with raw and sore backs, staggered under stacks of dunnage, leaving the +trail red with blood from their worn and unshod feet. The personal +effects of preachers, professors and teachers were included in those +packs. On a previous outing of the Club, Anderson's packers mutinied. +The Mountaineers are winning an unenviable reputation for this brutal +treatment of its yearly pack-train. What is the Washington State Humane +Bureau for that it does not interfere with this lawless disregard of the +humane laws? + + + +TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: + + + Text in bold is enclosed with equals signs: =bold=. + + Text in italics is enclosed with underscores: _italics_. + + Obvious typographical errors have been corrected as follows: + + Page 3: expalnation changed to explanation + malined changed to maligned + summarly changed to summarily + gally changed to galley + volumnous changed to voluminous + oftimes changed to ofttimes + potage changed to pottage + Page 4: imbittered changed embittered + Page 5: consumation changed to consummation + wonton changed to wanton + connivence changed to connivance + on changed to one + into changed to in two + Page 6: leassors changed to lessors + Man changed to Mann + refered changed to referred + redown changed to redound + Page 7: Appropose changed to Apropos + refered changed to referred + grabbe changed to grab + couds changed to clouds + tao changed to to + dont changed to don't + Page 9: journalo f changed to journal of + siezure changed to seizure + Page 10: compeled changed to compelled + Page 11: alhtough changed to although + Page 12: incured changed to incurred + compeling changed to compelling + Appropose changed to Apropos + Page 13: useing changed to using + Ripirian changed to Riparian + Irregating changed to Irrigating + assesment changed to assessment + useing changed to using + Interferreing changed to Interfering + Sincerey changed to Sincerely + ennter changed to enter + Ripirian changed to Riparian + Page 14: Irregation changed to Irrigation + Irregate changed to Irrigate + Dont changed to Don't + useing changed to using + ue changed to me + seal changed to steal + con changed to can + Page 16: hinderance changed to hindrance + pappoose changed to papoose + Page 17: effiency changed to efficiency + beief changed to belief + Page 18: bessing changed to blessing + regretable changed to regrettable + liviing changed to living + Page 19: oftimes changesd to ofttimes + outroight changed to outright + deelgation changed to delegation + resutl changed to result + summerized changed to summarize + Page 20: reelase changed to release + rythmical changed to rhythmical + Page 21: rceorded changed to recorded + tribesfan changed to tribesman + timet o changed to time to + Page 22: oftimes changed to ofttimes + sevetneen chenged to seventeen + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Discards, by Lucullus Virgil McWhorter + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DISCARDS *** + +***** This file should be named 37212.txt or 37212.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/2/1/37212/ + +Produced by David E. 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