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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the 17th
+century, by Thomas Walter Hall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the 17th century
+       A descriptive catalogue of land charters and other documents
+       forming the Brooke Taylor collection
+
+Author: Thomas Walter Hall
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2011 [EBook #37130]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHEFFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
+Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
+images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Sheffield and its environs 13th to the 17th century
+
+
+A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF
+
+Land Charters & Other Documents
+
+
+FORMING THE BROOKE TAYLOR COLLECTION
+
+
+RELATING TO THE OUTLYING DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD
+
+
+WITH 16 GENEALOGIES AND AN ARTICLE ON Hawksyard
+
+
+COMPILED BY T. WALTER HALL HON. M.A. (SHEFFIELD) F.R.HIST.S.
+
+
+SHEFFIELD
+PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY J. W. NORTHEND LTD., WEST STREET
+1922
+
+
+
+
+TO
+
+THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
+
+
+
+
+WORKS RELATING TO THE HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS.
+
+
+SHEFFIELD PEDIGREES volume I, by T. WALTER HALL. Containing nine
+genealogies with notes.
+
+    Published _1909_, now out of print.
+
+
+CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, DEEDS, AND MANUSCRIPTS IN THE PUBLIC REFERENCE
+LIBRARY AT SHEFFIELD, by T. WALTER HALL; with Introductory Note by Mr. R.
+E. LEADER and photographic reproduction of early 14th century Derbyshire
+charter.
+
+    Published _June 1912_. Price 2/-.
+
+
+CATALOGUE OF THE ANCIENT CHARTERS BELONGING TO THE TWELVE CAPITAL
+BURGESSES AND COMMONALTY OF THE TOWN AND PARISH OF SHEFFIELD, WITH
+ABSTRACTS OF ALL SHEFFIELD WILLS PROVED AT YORK PRIOR to 1554, by T.
+WALTER HALL; with over 100 local genealogies and 4 photographic
+reproductions of early Sheffield seals and an early 15th century
+Sheffield charter.
+
+    Published _May 1913_. Price 2/6.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, ROLLS, DEEDS, PEDIGREES,
+PAMPHLETS, NEWSPAPERS, MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS, MAPS, AND MISCELLANEOUS
+PAPERS, FORMING “THE JACKSON COLLECTION,” AT THE SHEFFIELD PUBLIC
+REFERENCE LIBRARY, by T. WALTER HALL and A. HERMANN THOMAS: with
+Prefatory Note by Dr. HENRY JACKSON, O.M., Regius Professor of Greek and
+Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and five photographic reproductions
+of ancient local documents.
+
+    Published _July 1914_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+SHEFFIELD PEDIGREES volume II, contributed by Messrs. J. B.
+MITCHELL-WITHERS, H. P. MARSH, R. E. LEADER, S. O. ADDY, W. S. PORTER, C.
+DRURY, and T. WALTER HALL. Containing 16 genealogies with notes.
+
+    Published _January 1915_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS CHARTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
+RELATING TO THE DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD AND ROTHERHAM, WITH ABSTRACTS OF
+WILLS PROVED AT YORK FROM 1554 to 1560; by T. WALTER HALL, with 315 local
+genealogies and six photographs of medieval charters, &c.
+
+    Published _September 1916_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part I. BAPTISMS AND MARRIAGES, 1560 to
+1635. Transcribed and edited by CHARLES DRURY and T. WALTER HALL of
+Sheffield; indexed by JOHN CHARLESWORTH of Wakefield. Privately printed
+for The Hunter Archæological Society of Sheffield and The Yorkshire
+Parish Register Society.
+
+    Published _1917_. Price 10/6.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part II. BURIALS 1560 to 1635; BAPTISMS
+AND MARRIAGES 1635 to 1653. Transcribed and edited by CHARLES DRURY and
+T. WALTER HALL of Sheffield, and indexed by T. WALTER HALL. Privately
+printed for The Hunter Archæological Society of Sheffield and The
+Yorkshire Parish Register Society.
+
+    Published _1918_. Price 10/6.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, COPY COURT ROLLS AND WILLS IN “THE
+WHEAT COLLECTION,” AT THE SHEFFIELD PUBLIC REFERENCE LIBRARY; AND ALSO
+CHARTERS FROM OTHER LOCAL COLLECTIONS, WITH ABSTRACTS OF SHEFFIELD WILLS
+PROVED AT YORK FROM 1560 to 1566; by T. WALTER HALL; with 285 local
+genealogies, and a Prefatory Note by Mr. HUBERT HALL, of H.M. Public
+Record Office, F.S.A., and two photographic reproductions of local
+charters of the 13th century. Appendix containing a list of boys who went
+to Broombank House School, Sheffield, with a biographical note on the
+reverend THOMAS HOWARTH, M.A.
+
+    Published _August 1920_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part III. BURIALS 1635 to 1653;
+BAPTISMS AND MARRIAGES 1653 to 1686. Transcribed and edited by CHARLES
+DRURY and T. WALTER HALL, F.R.Hist.S. Privately printed for The Hunter
+Archæological Society of Sheffield and The Yorkshire Parish Register
+Society.
+
+    Published _1921_. Price 10/6.
+
+
+MATERIAL FOR THE HISTORY OF WINCOBANK, SHEFFIELD, by T. WALTER HALL,
+F.R.Hist.S.; with plan of 1692 and 31 local genealogies.
+
+    Published _December 1921_. Price 3/-.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE BROOKE TAYLOR COLLECTION OF EARLY CHARTERS
+AND DEEDS RELATING TO OUTLYING DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD by T. WALTER HALL,
+Hon. M.A. (Sheffield), F.R.Hist.S.; with genealogies and photographic
+reproductions of charters and seals. Appendix containing an article on
+Hawksyard near Buxton; with its John of Gaunt hawking tradition and
+medieval history; reprinted from _Transactions_ of The Hunter
+Archæological Society of Sheffield.
+
+    Published _October 1922_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part IV. In the Press.
+
+    Price 10/6.
+
+The above publications can be purchased from J. W. NORTHEND LIMITED, WEST
+STREET, SHEFFIELD.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+My thanks are due to Colonel H. Brooke Taylor, for permission to search
+his chambers in the Town Hall at Bakewell for hidden treasure, in the
+shape of pre-reformation land charters court rolls and the like; to Mr
+Robert Shirley of Waterhouse Farm near Longnor, for a sight of his title
+deeds to Hawksyard; to his son Mr Edwin Leslie Shirley of Hawksyard, for
+a very pleasant visit to his ancestral home in The Moorlands of
+Staffordshire, with its medieval tradition and interesting associations;
+and to Mr James R. Wigfull, for an excellent little map of Hawksyard and
+the surrounding country.
+
+It is only through the kindness and good nature of others, that a
+systematic search for local history can proceed and although
+contributions accumulate in small quantities, there is no more fruitful
+or reliable source of information, as to people and places of bygone
+days, than the land charters and court rolls covering the period from the
+Domesday survey to the reformation.
+
+Many bundles of old title deeds, unopened for centuries, yet lie hidden
+in out-of-the-way corners and on inaccessible shelves; it should be part
+of the work of every archæological society to extract from all available
+deeds, relating to its own district, whatever useful history they may
+contain.
+
+Every countryside, every village and every town becomes a more
+interesting place to its inhabitants, when its history is known. The
+names of persons and places become intelligible, dates and letters on
+buildings can be accounted for, disused bridle roads and paths can be
+traced, the heraldry of the stained glass in the church and of the
+tombstones in the churchyard can be read with understanding, local
+genealogies can be extended and long cherished family traditions can
+often be verified or explained.
+
+It is therefore of importance that whenever these ancient writings make
+their appearance, there should be some person or association of persons
+ready and willing to examine them, not only with the object of extracting
+any local history they may contain, but also of recording it in a form
+suitable for future reference.
+
+    T. WALTER HALL.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo Ethel Eadon_
+
+Before 1290. =Charter= of Jordan de Pickeburne. (Brodsworth near
+Doncaster)]
+
+
+
+
+The Brooke Taylor Collection.
+
+
+I
+
+13th century. Prior to the statute _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw I (1290).
+=Charter= (Lat) confirming a grant from Jordan son of Thomas de
+Pickeburne to Gilbert Cook of Rickehale, for a certain sum of money,
+which he gave to the grantor by hand as a fine (_in gersumma_), of one
+acre of land and a half, with the appurtenances, in the north field of
+Pickeburne at the green hill, lying between the proper land of the
+grantor on the one part and land which Jordan Wlm' formerly held on the
+other part; of which one end butted upon the field of Hanepol and the
+other end on land of Sir Marmeduke Darel; and also a plot of meadow
+ground in the meadows of Pickeburne; to wit, it lay in length and in
+breadth one rod and three quarters, between the meadow of the fee of
+Rockelay and the meadow of Robert Knouẏs, of which one end butted upon
+the south cave (_antrum australe_) and the other end upon the north cave
+(_antrum boreale_); to hold and to have of the grantor and his heirs to
+the said Gilbert and his heirs or whomsoever; and howsoever and
+whatsoever time he should wish to give, to bequeath, to assign or to
+sell, in fee and inheritance free quietly peacefully and entirely; with
+all rights of common, easements, liberties and appurtenances, without
+reservation; paying thenceforth annually to the grantor and his heirs one
+halfpenny of silver on the day of saint John the baptist, for all secular
+services, exactions, taxes, suits of court and demands; warranty of title
+etc. =Witnesses=: Helias de Scauceby, Thomas his son, Henry of the same
+place, William Joye of Pickeburne, Hugh son of Beatrice, Thomas Fossard
+of the same place (_sic_), William de Fonte. =Vellum=: one skin 6½ ×
+4, seal missing. =Notes=: this interesting charter, of which a
+photographic reproduction is given as a frontispiece, is in perfect
+condition, except that the seal is missing. It is a subinfeudation of
+lands in the township of Pickburn-with-Brodsworth, in the parish of
+Brodsworth and wapentake of Strafforth, four miles north-west of
+Doncaster; for which Gilbert Cook paid a gersuma or fine to Jordan de
+Pickburn. In the reign of Edward the confessor, Pickburn was part of the
+lands of Alsie the Saxon lord; but after the conquest it was held by
+Nigel Fossard under the earl of Morton, who accompanied William from
+Normandy in his successful invasion of England. The earl subsequently
+forfeited his English possessions and Nigel Fossard, his subinfeudatory,
+came to be acknowledged tenant of the crown. Gilbert Cook may have been
+descended from Alberus de Coci (Cook), who after the conquest held
+Hickleton and part of Cadeby. No trace of Rickehale can be found. Jordan
+Wlm' is clearly written, probably it is a contraction of Woolmer?
+
+Hanepol is mentioned in Domesday, it was a manor before the conquest,
+belonging to Swein. The modern name is Hampole and it lies about two
+miles north of Pickburn.
+
+Sir Marmeduke Darel was living 31 Hen III (1247), in which year he had a
+charter of free warren at Brodsworth. The Darels got Brodsworth from the
+de Buslis; they continued in possession from the beginning of the 13th to
+the beginning of the 16th century; the last of the Darels being Sir
+Thomas, who died without issue 23rd November 1505; see “South Yorkshire”
+vol I, page 315.
+
+The fee of Rockley was in Worsborough and this land near Pickburn must
+have adjoined part of that fee. The Rockleys were settled in Worsborough
+at the time of the conquest and continued in undisturbed possession until
+the civil wars. Knouẏs may in later times have been Knovis. Scauceby
+now Scawsby, lies two miles south-east of Pickburn. It appears to have
+been a more important place in Saxon times than it is to-day. It is
+mentioned in Domesday as Scalchebi. Helias may mean Ellis. The surname
+Joye has a small i for the initial letter.
+
+Nigel Fossard above mentioned was, after the death of the earl of Morton,
+one of several landowners in the deanery of Doncaster who held direct
+from the crown; his fee included lands at Brodsworth and he also had a
+house at Doncaster; but his baronial seat was Mulgrave Castle in north
+Yorkshire.
+
+William de Fonte was probably the prior of Ecclesfield, which priory
+belonged at the date of this charter to the abbey of Fontenelle or saint
+Wandrille in Normandy.
+
+Probably William de Fonte engrossed this charter and added his name as
+the last witness, which was a common practice of monks and scriveners.
+
+Judith, niece of William I and wife of earl Waltheof lord of Hallam,
+placed a colony of monks from Fontenelle at Ecclesfield; probably in the
+11th century, as she was married in 1070; see “Archæologia” vol 26, page
+352. From charter-evidence it is certain that the priory was in existence
+in 1141. From this it may be assumed that this beautifully written
+charter had its origin in Ecclesfield priory, and was taken by prior
+William to Pickburn, where the other witnesses would meet, to see
+possession of the land given and the grant confirmed by deed.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+                        (i)
+    THOMAS DE PICKEBURNE = ......
+                         │
+                       JORDAN
+            both living shortly before 1290
+
+                       (ii)
+     HELIAS DE SCAUCEBY = ......
+                        │
+                      THOMAS
+            both living shortly before 1290
+
+
+II
+
+13th century. Prior to the statute _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw I (1290).
+=Charter= (Lat) confirming a grant from William de Mertone to Henry son
+of Roger Palmer, of one toft in the town of Mertone and two acres of his
+land; that toft and those acres which Roger his son formerly held of him
+to the end of all things; to wit, the said Roger the said land either
+held or retained, for homage and services; to have and to hold to him and
+his heirs or assigns, from him (the grantor) or his heirs, freely quietly
+and entirely, with all liberties and easements, so much land in the town
+of Mertone, with the appurtenances; paying thenceforth annually himself
+or his heirs or assigns to him (the grantor) and his heirs, one pound of
+cummin at the feast of saint Michael the archangel, for all services
+exactions and demands; and he William and his heirs, the said land, with
+the appurtenances, to the said Henry and his heirs or assigns, against
+all men and women, did warrant for ever. =Witnesses=: Richard de
+Thorintone, Adam de Pultone, James de Poltone (_sic_), Henry de
+Karletone, Roger son of John de (?)aynol, Emery (_Aumaricus_) de
+Lekamtone and others. =Vellum=: one skin 6½ × 3, portion of a green
+seal, obscure. =Notes=: the form of the deed necessitates a date prior to
+18 Edw I; and it is only by the names of the persons mentioned in the
+charter that the approximate date can be fixed. Mertone is an early form
+of Marton or Markeaton, two miles north-west of Derby, Richard le Palmer
+was a witness to a lease of a house in Markton (Markeaton) temp Edw I,
+see Jeayes “Derbyshire Charters”, number 1651, page 205. The words “about
+1275” are written on the back of the charter, in a hand of later date.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    ROGER PALMER = ......
+                 │
+               HENRY
+      both living shortly before 1290
+
+
+III
+
+=1310= Monday next before the feast of All Saints (1st November).
+=Charter= (Lat), dated at Kenwortheẏ, confirming a grant from William
+Nolbildon (?) and Margery his wife to William de Baggyleigh and his
+heirs, of one messuage and five acres of land, with the appurtenances, in
+Norworthen and Kenwortheẏ, without any reservation; to have and to
+hold to him and his heirs, of the chief lord of the fee, by services
+thenceforth owing and accustomed; freely quietly well and in peace, with
+all liberties and easements to the said land, in the town of Norworthen
+and Kenwortheẏ howsoever described; they, the said William and Margery
+and their heirs, all the lands aforesaid with the messuage aforesaid and
+with all their appurtenances, situated as before written, to the said
+William (Baggyleigh) and his heirs and assigns, against all men did
+warrant and defend. =Witnesses=: Robert de Masey of Sale, Robert de
+Tatton, Richard de Kogworth, Richard de Brounehul, Roger de
+Kenwortheẏ, Robert del Cley (?) clerk. =Vellum=: one skin 8½ ×
+2¼, two seals missing. =Notes=: this is a grant of land in Northenden
+in the hundred of Macclesfield, Cheshire. It is on the south bank of the
+river Mersey, seven miles south of Manchester. Withenshaw Hall is the
+ancient family seat of the Tattons, who were lords of the manor. See
+Ormrod’s “History of Cheshire” volume iii, pages 604 to 611.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WILLIAM NOLBILDON = MARGERY
+        both living 1 Nov 1310
+
+
+IV
+
+=1332= Tuesday in the feast of the translation of saint Dunstan (7th
+September). =Quitclaim= (Lat), dated at Kenwortheẏ, from Emma daughter
+of Richard de Macworth to Sir William de Baggelegh knight and his heirs,
+of all her right and claim in all lands or tenements, with their
+appurtenances, which she had of the gift and testament (?) of Roger del
+Tatton (?) in Kenwortheẏ in the town of Nortworhtheẏ (_sic_) with
+the annual rent for the said lands. =Witnesses=: Roger le Masey of Sale,
+John de Carmarthon, William de Tatton, Thomas del Brome, Adam Lobias.
+=Vellum=: one skin 8 × 3, seal missing. =Notes=: the writing is much
+faded in places.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    RICHARD DE MACWORTH = ......
+                        │
+                       EMMA
+                living 7 Sep 1332
+
+
+V
+
+=1353= Sunday next after the feast of saint Adelmus the confessor (25th
+May). =Agreement= (Lat), dated at Northworthẏn between William de
+Tatton of the one part and Robert his son of the other part: to wit, that
+the said William as witness (_superstes_) gave and granted for all his
+life to the said Robert his heirs and assigns, all his messuages lands
+and tenements, rents and services, which he had etc in the town of
+Northworthẏn Kenwortheẏ and Wythynschagh, with all their
+appurtenances, except so much of those lands and tenements which Thomas
+Medock the miller (?) held from the said William for a term of years, in
+the town of Northworthẏn, with the appurtenances; to have and to hold
+to the said Robert his heirs and assigns freely quietly etc, for all the
+life of the said William; of the chief lord of that fee, for services
+thenceforth due and of right accustomed; provided that the said Robert
+should maintain and order for the said William, during the life of
+himself William, suitable and sufficient sustenance; and if it happen
+that the said Robert, during the life of the said William his father,
+should die, the said William agreed (?) that all the said lands and
+tenements rents and services, with the appurtenances, for the time of the
+life of him, to him should return revert and remain, except those lands
+and tenements in Wythynshagh, with the appurtenances; to wit, those
+tenements which the said William first held, which lands and tenements
+with the appurtenances, the said William granted and gave, which during
+the life of himself William would remain in the possession of Sybil wife
+of the said Robert and her relations, for their maintenance. =Witnesses=:
+William de Hynckley parson of the church of Northworthẏn, Richard de
+Baggelegh, Richard de Brom, William son of Richard de Tatton, John son of
+Roger (?) de Kenwortheẏ. =Vellum=: one skin 9 × 3½, seal missing.
+
+=Genealogies deduced.=
+
+                       (i)
+      WILLIAM DE TATTON = ......
+                        │
+                    ┌───┘
+                    │
+                 ROBERT = SYBIL
+             all living 25 May 1353
+
+                      (ii)
+      RICHARD DE TATTON = ......
+                        │
+                     WILLIAM
+              both living 25 May 1353
+
+                      (iii)
+    ROGER DE KENWORTHEY = ......
+                        │
+                      JOHN
+              both living 25 May 1353
+
+
+VI
+
+=(1391)= Sunday next before the feast of saint Martin in winter (11th
+November), in the 15th year of Richard II. =Charter= (Lat) dated at
+Wythinschawe, confirming a grant from Robert de Tatton senior to John son
+of Robert de Legh and John de Rossyndale chaplain, of all his messuages
+lands and tenements with the appurtenances, in Wythinschawe in the town
+of Kenwortheẏ, which Margaret, who was the wife of Robert de Tatton
+junior, Robert Dukhard (?) parson of the church of Northdene, Richard del
+Brome and William de Kenwortheẏ held from the grant of him (Robert de
+Tatton senior), for the term of his life, in the town aforesaid, to have
+and to hold all the said messuages lands and tenements, with all lands
+houses meadows feedings and pastures and other their appurtenances; and
+also with forty three shillings and four pence annually, at the feast of
+the nativity of saint John the baptist, and saint Martin the bishop, by
+equal portions; for the said Margaret, Robert Dukhard (?) Richard and
+William, during his (the said Robert de Tatton senior) life, in advance,
+freely quietly well and in peace, with all profits liberties turbaries
+common of pasture and other easements to the said lands and tenements
+wheresoever, belonging and in the said town existing and to the same, of
+whatsoever manner, to be firmly held: of the chief lord of that fee, for
+services thenceforth owing and of right accustomed; warranty of title
+etc. =Witnesses=: Peter de Legh then steward of Macclesfeld, William de
+Legh chevalier, John de Honford (?), Richard de Brome, William de Ken'.
+=Vellum=: one skin 9½ × 3¼, seal missing.
+
+=Genealogies deduced.=
+
+                    (i)
+    ROBERT DE TATTON = ......
+              senior │
+                     │
+                 ┌───┘
+                 │
+              ROBERT = MARGARET
+              junior
+            all living 11 Nov 1391
+
+                    (ii)
+      ROBERT DE LEGH = ......
+                     │
+                   JOHN
+         both living 11 Nov 1391
+
+
+VII
+
+=1399= May 15th. =Deed of covenant= (Lat) given at Lancaster Castle and
+made between John Gaunte duke of Lancaster fourth son of King Edward the
+third and Edward Mundy of Marton in the county of Derby knight; whereby,
+after reciting a visit of John Gaunte to Highe Frith in the parish of
+Alstonefield in the county of Stafford, on the 10th May 1399, for the
+purpose of hawking; the said John Gaunt (_sic_) gave and delivered to the
+said Edward Mundy, a piece of land, to which the said John Gaunt gave the
+name of Hawkesyerd otherwise Hawksearth. The boundaries of the land are
+given in detail and also the names of some of the fields and the
+adjoining farms and grouse moors. =Witnesses=: William Stanley gent, John
+Porter gent, James Lewis gent, Wi'm Stanley gent, Thos Mundy gent, John
+Thornicroft attorney. =Vellum=: one skin 15 × 8½, round seal of green
+wax, 3½ inches diameter and an inch thick. See appendix and
+photographic reproductions.
+
+
+VIII
+
+(=1414=) Sunday next after the feast of Thomas the apostle (21st
+December), in the 2nd year of the reign of Henry V. =Charter= (Lat)
+confirming a grant from John Marreys son of Walter Marreys of Rostlastone
+to Thomas Gresley knight, William Babẏngtone, John Abell of Caldewall
+and William Ward of Coton their heirs and assigns, of all his lands and
+tenements rents reversions possessions and services, with their
+appurtenances, which he had or in the future might have in the town and
+territories of Rostlastone and Lynton or elsewhere in the county of
+Derby, without reservation; to have and to hold all the said lands
+tenements etc to the said Thomas, William, John Abell and William their
+heirs and assigns freely quietly well and in peace for ever; of the chief
+lord of that fee, for services etc; warranty of title. =Witnesses=: Roger
+de Hortone lord of Catton, John Dethek of Neuhall, John Abell of
+Stapenhull, John Lathebury de Newtone Suluẏ, Robert Thirmot of
+Lyntone. =Vellum=: one skin 10½ × 4½, seal missing. =Notes=:
+Rostlastone now Rosliston is a parish in the hundred of Repton county
+Derby, four miles south-west of Burton-on-Trent; Cauldwell,
+Coton-in-the-elms, Catton-on-Trent, Linton, Newton-Solney and Gresley are
+close by and lie near the confluence of the Dove and the Trent.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WALTER MARREYS = ......
+    of Rostlastone │
+                   │
+                  JOHN
+         both living 21 Dec 1414
+
+
+IX
+
+(=1414-15=) Sunday in the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary
+(2nd February), in the 2nd year of Henry V. =Deed of exchange= (Lat)
+dated at Kenworthy and made between William de Tatton of the one part and
+William le Hunte and Margaret his wife of the other part; whereby the
+said William de Tatton ... demised and by that then present indenture
+confirmed to William le Hunte and Margaret his wife and their heirs for
+ever, a certain parcel of land lying in Kenworthy called Lamputtes, in
+exchange for another parcel of land lying near the house of William de
+Tatton called Ruyssihey; to have and to hold the said parcel of land
+called Lamputtes to the said William le Hunte and Margaret his wife and
+their heirs for ever, making to the chief lord services etc; warranty of
+title. =Witnesses=: Thomas de Legh of Bagulegh, Roger le Massy of Sale,
+Robert de Hull'. =Vellum=: one skin 11½ × 3½, seal missing.
+=Notes=: this deed is indented and possibly the other part contained a
+grant or demise of Ruyssihey or Rushyhey to William de Tatton completing
+the exchange. In this deed the words of grant are illegible except
+“demise”; and the deed only effects one part of the exchange.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WILLIAM LE HUNTE = MARGARET
+      both living 2 Feb 1414-15
+
+
+X
+
+(=1425-6=) in the feast of saint Vincent martyr (22nd January), in the
+4th year of Henry VI. =Release and quitclaim= (Lat), dated at Over
+Haddon, from William de Brodehurst, son of William de Brodehurst, of Over
+Haddon to John Brodehurst his brother his heirs and assigns; of all right
+and claim of right which he had, in one messuage and eighteen acres of
+land, with the appurtenances, lying in the said town and fields of Over
+Haddon, which same messuage and eighteen acres of land, with the
+appurtenances, the said John his brother had from the gift and grant of
+Cecilie their mother by a certain charter etc. =Witnesses=: John de
+Farefeld (?) of Over Haddon, John ... of the same town, John de Gyte,
+Nicholas Pygges (?), Thomas de ... =Vellum=: one skin 10 × 3½, seal
+missing. =Notes=: this deed is in bad condition and the writing is much
+faded, many words and sentences being illegible; but the general outline
+and date are clear and doubtful names are indicated in the above
+abstract. One of the witnesses John de Gyte of Over Haddon is mentioned
+as purchaser of land in Over Bondsale 3 Hen VI (1424), in a grant
+abstracted in Jeayes’ “Derbyshire Charters” No 317.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WILLIAM DE BRODEHURST = CECILIA
+                          │
+                  ┌───────┴───────┐
+                  │               │
+              WILLIAM of        JOHN
+              Over Haddon
+      all living except perhaps Cecilia 22 Jan 1425-6
+
+
+XI
+
+(=1426=) November 6th, in the 5th year of Henry VI. =Letter of attorney=
+(Lat), dated at Ouerhaddon, from Richard son of John Walker of Ouerhaddon
+to William de Brodhirst senior and John his son, to give seisin to
+William de Brodhirst junior and Margorie his wife, in one messuage and
+xxvi acres of land and meadow, with the appurtenances, in Ouerhaddon,
+following the form and effect of a certain charter of the said John
+Walker to the same William de Brodhirst junior and Margorie. =Vellum=:
+one skin 12 × 1½ seal missing.
+
+=Genealogies deduced.=
+
+                     (i)
+         JOHN WALKER = ......
+        of Ouerhaddon │
+                      │
+                   RICHARD
+           both living 6 Nov 1426
+
+                     (ii)
+    WILLIAM BRODHIRST = ......
+    senior            │
+                      │
+                 ┌────┴────┐
+                 │         │
+                JOHN    WILLIAM = MARGORIE
+                        junior
+            all living 6 Nov 1426
+
+
+XII
+
+(=1565=) July 12th, in the 7th year of Elizabeth. =Award= (Engl) of
+Gregorye Reyvell of Stanyngton, Robert Hawksworthe of Thornsett,
+Phyllyppe Morton of Ughyll and Thomas Greyve of Westnall in the countye
+of Yorke yomen. Reciting that where certayn debate contraversye and
+varyance then of late had been dependynge betwene Henry Gelat of
+Wygtuysle in the countye of Yorke yoman of the one partye and Henry
+Morton and Henry Ibotson of the same Wygtuysle in the same countye yomen
+of the other partye, and especyally of for and concernynge the
+occupacion of certayne Byredole lands in Wygtuyslee afforsayd, in so
+muche as bothe the sayd partyes had submytted them selffs to stand to and
+adyde obserue performe fullfyll and kepe the award arbytrament order rule
+dome and judgement of them the sayd Gregorye Reyvell etc arbytratourers
+indefferently electe and chosen betwene the sayd partyes to arbytrate
+award etc, of in for and uppon almanner of matters accyons suyts grudges
+trespasse quarrells detts and demaunds what so euer they be had moved
+styrred and in any wyse dependynge betwene the sayd partyes, frome ye
+begynynge of the worlde unto the day of makynge heroff for the
+pacyffyenge wheroff they the sayd arbytratourors had takyn uppon them the
+offyce and aucthoryte of arbytrament at Wygtuysle affor sayd and then and
+there awarded etc, in manner and form foloynge; Fyrste, we award etc,
+that the sayd partyes shall frome hencefurthe be faythefull lovers and
+friends and deale as lovynge nebors ought to do; also we award etc, that
+the sayd Henry Morton and hys heyrs shall at all times herafter haue hold
+occupye and enyoye one parcell of wodd ground wch he haythe heretofore
+claymed, set lyenge and beynge in a place called the nether croft and
+commonly called the cloyghe without let trouble or ympedyment of the sayd
+Henry Gelot and hys heyrs etc; and further we award etc that the sayd
+Henry Gelot and his heyrs shall at all tymes herafter haue hold occupye
+and enyoye one parcell of land lyenge in the nether end of one close
+called the hallowes, as yt ys now devyded and meared by hus, without
+vexacion let trouble or ympedyment of the sayd Henry Morton and Henry
+Ibotson and ther heyrs etc; and further that all other mears and balks
+shall at all tymes herafter be kept and used contenually as they be now
+appoynted by hus; and further we award that bothe the sayd partyes at all
+tymes herafter in tyme of mast shall gether all the mast that shall fall
+frome ther own trees, where so euer the same shall fortune to fall,
+without let etc, and that all swyne of bothe partyes in mast tyme shall
+have all ther swyne to go at libertye throughe out all the byredole
+lands, belongynge to the Town of Wygtuysle without lett or harme.
+=Vellum=: one skin 13 × 7, seals missing. =Notes=: the deed is indented,
+there are no witnesses. Mast is the fruit of beech and forest trees, food
+for swine.
+
+
+XIII
+
+=1568= October 24th, in the 10th year of Elizabeth. =Grant= (Engl) made
+between Vincent Munday of Marketon in the county of Derby esquire and
+Edward Mundy (_sic_) gentleman, son and heir apparent of the said
+Vincent, of the one part and John Weston of Mackworth in the county
+aforesaid gentlemen of the other part; whereby the aforesaid Vincent and
+Edward, for and in consideration of the sum of three hundred pounds paid
+to the said Vincent and Edward by the said John Weston, delivered gave
+granted sold bargained released and confirmed to the said John Weston and
+his heirs executors and administrators, all that messuage or tenement,
+with the appurtenances, situate lying and being in The Highe Frith
+within the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford and being
+part parcel and member of the manor of Alstonefield aforesaid and
+thereafter named; following and more at large expressed; to wit all that
+messuage farm or tenement called Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe,
+then in the tenure or occupation of Raphe Bradburye and Maud his wife:
+then follows a full description of the outbuildings lands etc, with
+extracts from the deed of covenant of the 15th May 1399 hereinbefore
+abstracted and a full copy of which grant is given in the appendix
+hereto. =Witnesses=: John Walker, Thomas Mundye gent, Thomas Brunt, John
+Oakes yeoman and Thomas Mundy. =Vellum=: one skin 16 × 12, two round
+seals of yellow wax, each 1½ inches in diameter and bearing a cross
+flory, probably not armorial. =Notes=: photographic reproductions of this
+deed and the two seals are given in the appendix. There is a memorandum
+endorsed recording the giving of possession on the 24th November in the
+10th year of Elizabeth in the presence of the same witnesses, except John
+Walker.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    VINCENT MUNDAY = ......
+    of Marketon    │
+    co Derby       │
+    esquire        │
+                   │
+                EDWARD
+                s & h ap gent
+         both living 24 Oct 1568
+
+
+XIV
+
+(=1625=) July 25th, in the 1st year of Charles I. =Deed of covenant=
+(Engl) made between John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York
+clerke on the first partye, William Ibotson of Nether Combes in the said
+county yeoman on the second partye and Richard Ibotson of Worral in the
+said county yeoman on the third partye; witnessed that the said John
+Ibotson for divers good causes and considerations him moving did covenant
+grant conclude and agree to and with the said William Ibotson and his
+heirs by those presents, that he the said John Ibotson should and would
+before the feast day of saint Michael the archangell, then next ensuing
+the date thereof, by his deed of feoffment, by him to be sealed and
+delivered and with “liverye of seizen” lawfully executed give grant
+enfeoffe and confirm unto the said William Ibotson and his heirs for
+ever; all that messuage or tenement in Wiggtwisle (_sic_) aforesaid,
+which was sometime the tenement of one Henry Morton deceased; and all
+houses buildings lands tenements meddowes pastures woods under-woods
+commons comodityes and hereditaments of him the said John Ibotson in
+Wiggtwisle aforesaid, whichever were the lands tenements and
+hereditaments of the said Henry Morton in Wiggtwisle aforesaid, with all
+their appurtenances whatsoever; to the only use and behoofe of the said
+William Ibotson and of his heirs for ever; to the end that the said
+William Ibotson might be adjudged and taken to be perfect tenant of the
+freehold of all the said messuage and other the said premises, until a
+perfect recovery might be had and executed of all the said premises
+against him the said William Ibotson; and it was also covenanted and
+agreed by and between all the said partyes to those presents that a writt
+of entery _sur disseisen in le post_ should be brought for the said
+premises, at the cost and charge of the said John Ibotson, in the name of
+the said Richard Ibotson, against the said William Ibotson; by the name
+or names of one messuage one garden one orchard an hundred acres of land
+thirty acres of meddowe twenty acres of pasture four acres of wood and
+forty acres of more (moor), with thappurtenances, in Wiggtwisle alias
+Wẏghtwysill Bradfeild; or by such the name or names as to the said
+John Ibotson should be thought meet and convenient, according to the use
+of common recoveries in such case used; and that the said William Ibotson
+should vouch to warrant the said John Ibotson who should enter into the
+said warranty and vouch over the common vouchee, who should appear and
+make default; also that a perfect recovery may be had and judgement
+thereupon given, in his Majesty’s court of common plees at Westminster,
+against the said William Ibotson who should recover in value, against the
+said John Ibotson and the common vouchee, to be in mercye; and it was
+likewise further covenanted etc by and between all the said parties, that
+after the execution thereof of the said recovery, the same should be and
+enure, and the feoffee named in the said feoffment and recoverer named in
+the said recovery, should at and ever after the executing of the said
+feoffment and at and ever after the said recovery, soe had as aforesaid,
+stand and be seized of the said messuage etc; to the only use and behoof
+of the said John Ibotson and of his heirs and assigns for ever, and to
+noe other use intent or purpose whatsover. =Witnesses=: Richard Ibotson,
+Will' Woodson, John Potter. =Vellum=: one skin 21 × 10, three seals
+obscure. =Notes=: John Ibotson signed, the other two were marksmen. It is
+interesting to note that Wẏghtwysill is given as the _alias_ for
+Wiggtwisle. According to Hunter, John was the son of Henry Ibotson of
+Wightwisle and Mary Morton daughter of Henry Morton of Wightwisle,
+referred to in this deed. John is said to have had a living in Norfolk.
+His eldest daughter Mary married Christopher Wilson of Broomhead. William
+and Richard Ibotson were probably related to John whose grandson Charles
+Wilson was vicar of Sheffield. See F.M.G. vol II, page 650.
+
+
+XV
+
+=1625= July 30th, in the 1st year of Charles I. =Feoffment= (Lat) from
+John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerk to William Ibotson
+of Nether Coombes in the said county of York yeoman and his heirs for
+ever, of all that his messuage or tenement in Wigtwisle aforesaid, which
+then formerly was the tenement of Henry Morton, then deceased; and all
+his outhouses and buildings gardens orchards lands tenements meadows
+pastures woods underwoods rights of common profits and hereditaments in
+Wigtwisle aforesaid, with their appurtenances; to holdun to and to the
+use of the said William Ibotson his heirs and assigns for ever, of the
+chief lord etc, by services etc; warranty of title. =Witnesses=: Henry
+Ibotson, William Wodson (the tenant), John P.... =Vellum=: one skin 12 ×
+5½, round seal of red wax bears a dolphin, probably not armorial.
+=Notes=: there is a good signature of “John Ibotsone.”
+
+
+XVI
+
+=1633= May 13th, in the 9th year of Charles I. =Grant= (Engl) made
+between John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerk of the one
+part and Christopher Willson of Wigtwisle in the said county yeoman of
+the other part; whereby the said John Ibotson, for and in exchange with
+the said Christopher Willson granted etc unto the said Christopher
+Willson his heirs and assigns for ever, one way for passage with drift
+cart and carriage then or theretofore used and accustomed, unto and from
+a messuage or tenement at Wigtwisle aforesaid then in the occupation of
+William Odeson, through a close of him, the said Christopher Willson,
+called the Walls and thence into and from the nether croft, belonging to
+the said messuage or tenement; to hold the abovesaid way etc, and all the
+right interest and demand of him the said John Ibotson thereto unto and
+to the use the said Christopher Willson his heirs and assigns for ever;
+warranty of title etc; and the said Christopher Willson in lieu and
+exchange of the above etc, granted etc unto the said John Ibotson his
+heirs and assigns for ever, one like way etc henceforth and for ever
+thereafter to be used, unto and from the said messuage, then in the
+occupation of the said William Odeson, to and from the nether crofts, lee
+and nether hollin carr, belonging to the said messuage, by and “thorow”
+the fouldstead of the said Christopher Willson on the south side of his
+house at Wigtwisle aforesaid and from thence “thorow” the nether yeard
+and so to and from the three closes last above mentioned; to hold unto
+and to the use of him the said John Ibotson his heirs and assigns for
+ever; warranty of title etc. =Witnesses=: William Garlicke, William
+Odeson. =Vellum=: one skin 10½ × 9½, seal missing. =Notes=: both
+Christopher Willson and William Garlicke, the witness, were sons-in-law
+of John Ibotson, see Hunter’s F.M.G. vol II, page 652. The word Wigtwisle
+when used to describe the residence of Christopher Willson has been
+written on an erasure.
+
+[Illustration: Map of Hawksyard and The Moorlands of Staffordshire.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+Reprint from _Transactions_ of The Hunter Archæological Society.
+
+HAWKSYARD.
+
+BY T. WALTER HALL, Hon. M.A. (SHEFFIELD), F.R.Hist.S.
+
+
+Place-names, obvious in their meaning but suggesting a remote origin and
+a forgotten past, attract the historian, if not the philologist.
+
+Hawksyard is one of these; its import is Hawksland but its history lies
+hidden in the records of past centuries; it excites our curiosity and
+quickens our imagination.
+
+We instinctively recall scenes of English sport in bygone days; of kings
+and nobles, knights and ladies, riding across the unfenced country; over
+moorland and waste, through fen and ford, with hooded falcon and stooping
+hawk, enjoying what was for nearly a thousand years the national sport of
+England.
+
+Such a scene was brought to mind by the perusal of two musty parchments
+with imposing seals and faded script, quarried from the lower _strata_ of
+time-worn muniments, in the office of Colonel Brooke Taylor of Bakewell.
+
+The earlier of these deeds takes us back to the death of John of Gaunt
+and the resignation of Richard II in the closing year of the 14th
+century; the later one was sealed and delivered in the less tragic days
+of Queen Elizabeth.
+
+They both relate to Hawksyard, situate in that part of The Moorlands of
+Staffordshire known in the middle ages as Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest;
+south of Buxton and east of the church at Newtown near Longnor.
+
+The deed of John of Gaunt bears date the 15th May 1399, in bold Arabic
+numerals; it is written in a jargon intended to be Latin and measures 15
+× 8½ inches; its round pendent seal of green wax has a diameter of
+three and a half inches and is nearly an inch thick. The parchment is
+dark in colour, coarse in texture and much crinkled; the writing is not
+uniform in character, parts being in a flowing hand suggesting a date
+long subsequent to the Plantagenets. The deed begins with the word
+_Conventum_, meaning a covenant or agreement under seal; but, from the
+concluding paragraph, it was evidently intended to operate as a deed of
+gift or grant in fee simple of the lands called Hawksyard.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo Ethel Eadon_
+
+1399 May 15th. =Deed of Covenant=, John of Gaunt to Sir Edward Mundy.]
+
+The following is a transcript with the contractions indicated but not
+extended:--
+
+     Conventum inter Johan' Gaunte Duc' Lancast' quart' fillius
+     Regy' Edvardi tert' et Edvardum Mundy de Marton in Comitatu
+     Derb' equit' Joh'es Ga'nt Dux Lancast' p'mittebat Domin'
+     Edvard' Mundy visere ap'd Marton in Comitat' Derb' p'd q'
+     pariter prestabat Et etiam Dominus Edvardus Mundy iterfaciebat
+     Duc' Lancast' Comitibusq' ejus in Highe Frith parochia
+     Allstonefield Comitatu Staffordiæ Cum in eum locum pase (?)
+     publice p'venirent qui nuncupatur Lady Edge cujus defugabant
+     (?) excitabant Gallos palust' ad quos illico accipitres
+     evertebant apud quos accipitres fuga petebant int' illos
+     Limites ut posthac mention's siant hoc Termino qui expositus
+     erat Avibus volantibus ultro citroq' ad viam publica' qua
+     abduit ab Longnor ad Leeke al' parte circunt quo accipitres
+     pred'am apprehendebant parte juxta mediam circuituo juxta
+     convallem Orient' Decim' Die May' Ann' Dom' 1399 Quamobre'
+     Joh'es Gaunt ei dabat Titulu' nomenq' Hawkesyerd alias
+     Hawksearth propter pred'a apprehensa' inter Limit' qui posthac
+     mentionem fit qui non antehac nuncupabatur ... Aliquae pauce
+     Fundi Partes que posthac mentione' fiunt Viz' alia pars Fundi
+     nuncupatur Harrisons Intake al' pars Fundi nuncupat'
+     House-Fielde quo parva vel Domus stabat al' pars Fundi nuncup'
+     Little Meadow quae ex part' meridional' inter jacet Locu'
+     nuncup' Boothesley Grange al' pars Fundi nuncup' Spart (?
+     Spout) Meadow fluvio adjacans erga Occidentam al' pars Fund'
+     nuncupat' Killn Croffte fluvio adjac' erga Occidente' al' pars
+     Fund' nuncup' Spart (?) al' pars Fundi nuncupat' Rye Pingle
+     erga Occidentem sequia secale illo p'senti anno Cresscebat
+     Limes Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth jacens positusq' in Highe
+     Frith Parochia Allstonefield Comitatuq' Staffordie exposit
+     Johan' Gaunt Duc' Lancast' p'd' inter tales Metas qual' posthac
+     mentione' fiunt attin' illi soli Domo predi'oq' nuncup'
+     Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth p'd ubi est convallis oriental' ejus
+     part' Fluviusq' Curans erga merediem juxta Fluvium int' ilium
+     et Locum nuncup' Banke aut al' Over boothesley Etiam parte
+     meridional' convallus ... et Fluvius currens erga Orient' juxta
+     Fluviu' int' illu' Locumq' nuncup' Bauthsley (_sic_) Grange
+     illaq' ascendit part' meridional' Funi qui nuncup' Rye Pingle
+     quia jacet erga Occident' et setendit directe ad fugum q'd
+     nuncup' Lady Edge jacens positusq' in Highe Frith Parochia
+     Allstonefield Comitatuq' Stafford' et tunc transjugu' q'd est
+     erga septentrionem directe ad viam publica' quae abducit ab
+     Longnor ad Leeke Etiamq' publica' juxta via' erga Orient' usq'
+     du' directe p'venit ad Convalla' Termino Orientali Tractus
+     praedi'i expositus primo Ann' Regni Regis Henrici Quart'
+     assignabat Limat vel Expellere includere vel admittere ad Sol'
+     proprium usu' Comodumq' illius Domus predi'iq' nuncu'q'
+     Hawksyerd al' Hawksearth p'd etiam Libertinuanu' publi' pascu'
+     jusque effodiendi Cespites p' Desertu' Domin' Allstonefield
+     Dom' Edvardus Mundy de Marton in comitat' Derby (_sic_) p'd'
+     favore unum suplicabat Joh'es Gaunt Du' Lancastriae quem
+     dicebat consideret Si illi esset postestas Dom' Edvardus ilium
+     orabat et ei daret predi'u' nuncup' Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth
+     p'd' Et Joh'es Gaunt libere Largiebatur et concedebat illi et
+     posteris in Aeturnu' Dom' Edvardus Mundy profesiebatur Joh'e
+     Gaunt Comitibusq' eum visere apud Castrum Lancast' quo Joh'es
+     Gaunt sigillabat Subscribebat et in potestatem Domin' Edvardi
+     Mundy Premis' tot' tradebat decimo quint' Die May Anno D'm'
+     1399 coram William Stanley Gent John Porter Gent' James Lewis
+     Gent' Wi'm Stanley Gent' Tho's Mundy Gent' John Thornicroft
+     Attorney.
+
+It is not easy to give a true interpretation of this unconventional deed;
+the operative part, which should be clear and precise, being vague and
+inconclusive. The following is what may be accepted as a free translation
+conveying a general idea of the purport and effect of the deed:--
+
+     An Agreement between John Gaunte duke of Lancaster, fourth son
+     of King Edward the third and Edward Mundy of Marton [Markeaton]
+     in the county of Derby knight. John Gaunt (_sic_) went himself
+     to visit Sir Edward Mundy at Marton in the county of Derby
+     aforesaid ... and Sir Edward Mundy made a journey with the duke
+     of Lancaster and his attendants into Highe Frith in the parish
+     of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford; when they arrived at
+     that piece of public ground [? the common or moorland waste of
+     the manor] which was called Lady Edge, from which moorcock
+     [both red and black grouse] were frequently driven away and
+     from whence hawks were let loose and flown within such
+     boundaries as were thereinafter mentioned, to this boundary
+     which was free and open for birds flying backwards and forwards
+     near the public road, which led from Longnor to Leek. In the
+     part of the circle in which the hawks took [the grouse] near
+     the middle circuit next the east clough, on the 10th day of May
+     1399: for this reason John Gaunt gave it the title and name of
+     Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth, because of the game being taken
+     within its limits, thereinafter mentioned, which place was not
+     theretofore named, some other pieces of land, which after that
+     were made mention, to wit, part of a piece of land called
+     Harrisons Intake, part of a piece of land called House Fielde,
+     on which a small shed or house was standing, part of a piece of
+     land called Little Meadow, which on the south lay between a
+     place called Boothesley Grange and part of a piece of land
+     called Rye Meadow following the stream pointing west, part of a
+     piece of land called Killn Croffte adjoining the stream, thence
+     west, part of a piece of land called Spart (?) Meadow, part of
+     a piece of land called Rye Pingle, thence west following the
+     rye of that year then growing. The boundary of Hawksyard
+     otherwise Hawksearth, lying and being in Highe Frith in the
+     parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford set out by
+     John Gaunte duke of Lancaster aforesaid, between such bounds as
+     were thereinafter mentioned, were set out for that house only;
+     and the land called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid,
+     where there is a clough at the east end of it and a purling
+     stream, thence south following the stream between that and a
+     place called Banke or otherwise Over Boothesley; also on the
+     south side, a clough and stream ran, thence east next the
+     stream, between that place called Bauthsley (_sic_) Grange and
+     ascending on the south of the piece of land which is called Rye
+     Pingle, thence west leading direct to the high ridge which is
+     called Lady Edge, lying and being in Highe Frithe in the parish
+     of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford; and then across the
+     ridge which is north direct to the public road, which led from
+     Longnor to Leeke; and also along the public road thence east it
+     passed straight to the east end of the clough. The full extent
+     of the said land, in the 1st year of the reign of King Henry
+     IV, was marked out and set to limits either to expel, keep in
+     or admit, to the only proper use and advantage of that house
+     called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid; and also the
+     liberty to dig turf in the public meadow and wastes of the
+     lordship of Alstonefield. Sir Edward Mundy of Marton in the
+     county of Derby aforesaid prayed for one favour of John Gaunt
+     duke of Lancaster, which he [John] said he would consider if to
+     him it were possible. Sir Edward asked him and he [John] to him
+     gave the said place called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth
+     aforesaid and John Gaunt did freely give and grant it to him
+     and his descendants forever. Sir Edward Mundy then went with
+     his attendants to John Gaunt to see him at Lancaster Castle
+     which [agreement] John Gaunt sealed and subscribed; and into
+     the control of Sir Edward Mundy, all the before mentioned was
+     handed over on the 15th day of May 1399 In the presence of
+     William Stanley Gent, John Porter Gent, James Lewis Gent, Wi'm
+     Stanley Gent, Thomas Mundy Gent, John Thornicroft Attorney.
+
+If this deed correctly records the facts, we must infer that John of
+Gaunt owned lands in north Staffordshire between Longnor and Leek; and
+that they probably formed part of the lands belonging to the duchy of
+Lancaster. We learn that his friend Sir Edward Mundy of Markeaton,
+twenty miles away to the south-east, invited the duke to visit him there;
+a hawking party being arranged on the 10th May 1399 by Sir Edward for the
+entertainment of his royal guest; one of the highest points of The
+Moorlands, known as Lady Edge, nearly 1500 feet above the sea, where
+grouse were always to be found, was selected as the trysting place. The
+party would ride from Markeaton across the open country to Lady Edge, and
+they appear to have had good sport. Probably John of Gaunt and his
+friends from Markeaton watched the hawking from the top of Lady Edge and
+the undulating land which lies between Lady Edge and Hawksyard, the
+quarry being taken within a distance of half a mile to the north-east. So
+pleased was the duke, that he honoured the place where the hawks took
+their quarry by giving it the name of Hawksyard otherwise Hawksearth; a
+place which before then was unnamed. The deed also states that before the
+duke left Markeaton, Sir Edward asked him as a personal favour to give
+Hawksyard to Sir Edward and that the duke promised to consider the
+request. Apparently Sir Edward returned with the duke to Lancaster, as a
+few days later the duke is stated to have sealed and subscribed this deed
+at Lancaster Castle and delivered it into the hands of Sir Edward on the
+15th May 1399. The metes and bounds are fully set forth in the deed,
+which also records that the boundaries were marked out on the land in the
+1st year of Henry IV.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo Ethel Eadon_
+
+1568 October 24th. =Grant= from Vincent and Edward Munday to John
+Weston.]
+
+The second deed bears date the 24th October 1568 written in the same bold
+Arabic numerals as in the earlier deed; but the later deed is in English
+and measures 16 × 12 inches, it has two round seals of yellow wax, each
+of a diameter of one and a half inches; the impression on these seals
+does not appear to be armorial but they both bear the same form of cross;
+the parchment and make-up are in all respects similar to the deed of 1399
+and the signatures of Vincent Mundy and his son are written in the same
+hand as the deed, which was not unusual in the 16th century.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following is an abstract of the grant from Vincent Mundy and his son
+Edward to John Weston.
+
+     An Indenture made the 24th day of October, in the 10th year of
+     Elizabeth and in the year of the Lord 1568 Between Vincent
+     Munday of Marketon in the countye of Derbye esquire and Edward
+     Mundy (_sic_) gentleman, son and heir apparent of the said
+     Vincent, of the one part and John Weston of Mackworth in the
+     county aforesaid gentleman of the other part; whereby the
+     aforesaid Vincent and Edward, for and in consideration of the
+     sum of three hundred pounds of lawful money of England, to the
+     aforesaid Vincent and Edward in hand paid by the said John
+     Weston, whereof they confessed themselves to be fully
+     satisfied and paid and the said John Weston and his heirs
+     executors and administrators to be thereof acquitted and
+     discharged for ever by those presents; had delivered given
+     granted sold bargained released and by those present writings
+     confirmed to the aforesaid John Weston and his heirs executors
+     and administrators, all that their messuage or tenement, with
+     the appurtenances, situate lying and being in the Highe Frith
+     within the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford;
+     and being part parcel and member of the mannor of Alstonefield
+     aforesaid and hereafter named, following and more at large
+     expressed; to wit, all that messuage farm or tenement called
+     Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe, then in the tenure or
+     occupation of Raphe Bradburye and Maud his wife; and also all
+     and singular houses outhouses cottages barns edifices buildings
+     orchards gardens meadows pastures lands and arable lands
+     commons woods underwoods, free liberties or commoninge and
+     turbarye throughout the waste of the aforesaid manor,
+     priviledges profits and commodities whatsoever, with all and
+     singular the appurtenances to the said messuage or tenement in
+     anywise lyeing appertaininge or belonginge; or any thing
+     standing or at any time theretofore accepted used occupied or
+     perceived, together with the said messuage or tenement or any
+     of them, by any tenant before named their prior tenants or as
+     part parcel and member of or as belonging to the said messuage
+     or tenement or by whatsoever name or names it was commonly
+     called or known, and all the estate etc; and moreover all rent
+     and yearly profits whatsoever, reserved on any demise grant or
+     copye of the premises, by any person or persons theretofore
+     made or committed; to have hold and enjoy the same to the said
+     John Weston his heirs executors administrators and assigns for
+     ever; and likewise priviledges profits and commodities
+     whatsoever, which John Gaunt the duke of Lancaster the fourth
+     son of King Edward the third did give and grant unto Sir Edward
+     Mundaye (_sic_) of Marketon in the county of Derby knight, the
+     compass set by him the said John Gaunt betwixt those marks as
+     were thereafter mentioned (that was to say) a clough at the
+     east end of the said premises and a pearle of water which runns
+     southewarde betwixt and a place called the Banke or otherwise
+     Over Boothesleye; also a clough and a water, which runns
+     eastward betwixt and a place which is called Boothesleye Grange
+     and so it goes up close bye the water side pointinge westwards
+     and so it goes up after the southe side of a piece of grounde
+     which is called the Rye Pingle, from thence streight up to the
+     top of the Hill which is called the Lady Edge, situate lyeinge
+     and beinge in the Highe Frithe within the parish of
+     Alstonefield aforesaid and countye of Stafforde aforesaid and
+     from thence streight to the Highe Road, that goes betwixt
+     Longenor and Leek, pointeinge northeward and so it goes down
+     bye the roade side untill it comes directlye against that
+     cloughe at the east end; withe free libertye to drive off
+     enclose or take inn, so farr as the compass aforementioned
+     extends; to the onlye proper use and behoofe of that one
+     messuage or farme called Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe
+     aforesaid, likewise free libertye of commoninge and turbarie
+     throughout the waste of the mannor of Alstonefield aforesaid;
+     and they did therefore deliver to the said John Weston his
+     heirs and assigns full and peaceable possession etc. The
+     witnesses were John Walker, Thomas Mundye gent, Thomas Brunt,
+     John Oakes yeoman and Thomas Mundy (_sic_);
+
+In this deed there is an evident desire on the part of the draftsman to
+strengthen and even to extend the rights and privileges appurtenant to
+the Hawksyard estate, which then included a house of considerable
+importance, occupied by Ralph Bradbury and Maud his wife. Towards the end
+of the deed a belated attempt at a recital of the earlier John of Gaunt
+deed is added, with extracts giving the full description of the
+boundaries; and this earlier deed is treated as the root of title to
+Hawksyard.
+
+The question and the only question we have to consider is whether these
+two deeds give us a true account of the origin and early history of the
+place-name Hawksyard? At first sight it would appear that they do; but
+unfortunately there is much in the earlier deed to arouse suspicion. It
+is not that the story of John of Gaunt’s visit to Highe Frith is
+improbable, on the contrary he rebuilt and occupied Tutbury Castle twenty
+miles away; nor is there any reason to think that in those days Sir
+Edward Mundy would hesitate to ask the duke for a few acres of rough
+moorland waste, as a memento of a red-letter day in the history of the
+Mundy family. Perhaps such a request, under the circumstances,
+constituted true politeness in the middle ages; or he may have wished to
+commemorate the day by building a house on the land to bear the name
+Hawksyard; but, however probable these surmises may be, there are many
+things in this alleged deed of gift which suggest a date much later than
+the reign of Richard II and cast a doubt as to its _bona fides_.
+
+In the first place it is obvious that the date 15th May 1399 cannot be
+correct, as John of Gaunt died in January or February 1398; further the
+deed states that the duke visited Highe Frith on the 10th May 1399, which
+was impossible; and it is perhaps equally surprising to find that a deed,
+dated in the reign of Richard II, should refer to the first year of
+Henry IV, whose reign had not then begun and might never have occurred.
+
+These impossible dates require explanation, but our difficulties do not
+end with dates; the writing in the John of Gaunt deed is not
+characteristic of the period, it is not uniform throughout, the body of
+the deed being written in characters of the rugged native script, the
+names of the witnesses being added in a flowing Italian hand of the
+Elizabethan period. Attention should also be called to the fact, that of
+the five witnesses in whose presence the duke is said to have affixed his
+seal, not one of them was above the rank of gentleman. The seal is
+impressed with a hunting horn, suggestive of forest heraldry, but the
+royal arms of the son of Edward III do not appear on this seal; and, if
+the hunting horn is in its proper heraldic position, the point of the
+shield is at the top.
+
+As above stated, the form of the deed is unusual and follows no
+precedent; many words are more suggestive of the classics than the
+customary usage of diplomatics in the 14th century. _Equitem_ takes the
+place of the more conventional _militem_; _nuncupatur_ is used instead of
+_vocat_ and _coram_ instead of _testibus_. Each of the first four
+witnesses is described as gent and the last as attorney, while Derby is
+written once in English; further, the exact legal effect of the deed
+seems to be intentionally vague; it is headed _conventum_, meaning a
+covenant, but in the subsequent deed of 1568 it is referred to as a
+grant. The full description of the land in the later deed, with all its
+boundaries and appurtenant rights, suggests that the Elizabethan
+draftsman had some doubt as to the true facts; these details being
+apparently exploited with some ulterior intent.
+
+In comparing the size make-up and general appearance of the two deeds, it
+is impossible not to see in them a strong resemblance; they are both
+typical of the time of Elizabeth, the deed of 1399 is too large and too
+coarse for a charter of that date. The fact that one is in Latin and the
+other in English makes the comparison less easy; but in both we find
+similar parchment ink and seals; the script is much the same in both
+deeds, each having the dates written in the same bold Arabic numerals;
+and the later recites the earlier deed.
+
+It would not be difficult to find other points of resemblance between
+these deeds; and it is impossible to compare them without coming to the
+conclusion that they were prepared at the same time by the same person,
+with the definite object of making a good title to the Hawksyard
+property, on the sale to John Weston.
+
+This forces us to the conclusion that the John of Gaunt deed is not
+altogether trustworthy; and we have to consider whether or not the
+information it contains, with regard to the origin of the place-name
+Hawksyard, can be relied on; or if we must treat its whole contents as
+pure fiction and entirely discredit all it tells us of the hawking party
+in Highe Frith.
+
+[Illustration: =Seal= of 15th May 1399.]
+
+There must be some explanation of this extraordinary deed; and it may yet
+be possible to find a solution of the problem. Here is the deed! How can
+we account for it? How much of what it tells us may we accept as truth?
+To what extent is its story supported by extraneous evidence?
+
+The points as to which we require information are; whether John of Gaunt
+was in a position to give and grant lands in the Highe Frith to Sir
+Edward Mundy or had he only the rights of an overlord? Why did he
+hesitate before complying with Sir Edward’s request? Was he in doubt as
+to whether the land were his to give or whether he held as tenant _in
+capite_? Did he execute a deed of gift or did the gift rest on a verbal
+promise, Sir Edward taking possession of the lands and converting them to
+his own use? Did the lawyer of 1568, who carried through the sale to
+Weston, act _ex fide bona_ and endeavour, according to his lights and the
+practice of his time, to put the title to Hawksyard in order, for the
+mutual benefit of both vendor and purchaser?
+
+For answers to these questions we must return to the days of John of
+Gaunt.
+
+In 1398 Richard II, seeing that his uncle John of Gaunt was in failing
+health and that John’s son, Henry Bolingbroke earl of Hereford, might
+press his claim to the throne of England in case of Richard’s death
+without issue, took advantage of a quarrel between Bolingbroke and the
+duke of Norfolk, in which each accused the other of treason, to banish
+them both from the realm.
+
+The loss of his son fell heavily on John of Gaunt, who died at the end of
+January or the beginning of February 1398; and it is important to bear in
+mind that the year 1399 began on the 25th March and not the 1st January.
+
+Richard, being free for a time from the menace of the House of Lancaster,
+seized the whole of the Lancastrian estates in the absence of the
+banished heir and crossed to Ireland to complete his conquests and
+strengthen his hold on that country.
+
+During Richard’s absence in Ireland the banished Henry, hearing the news
+of his father’s death and the confiscation of the Lancastrian estates,
+landed on the Yorkshire coast with a few trusted friends and three
+thousand men-at-arms.
+
+He was at once joined by the great barons of the north and with an army,
+which increased as it advanced, he ultimately reached London; where he
+was well received by the people, who were tired of Richard and looked to
+Henry as their future king.
+
+On hearing the news of Henry’s return Richard, after much delay through
+rough weather, recrossed the Irish Channel to Milford Haven, only to find
+that both his friends and his armies in England had melted away and that
+his kingdom was lost.
+
+He was forced by Henry and his supporters to resign his crown and, in
+Westminster Hall on the 29th September 1399, his resignation was received
+with shouts of applause; on the following day his cousin Henry
+Bolingbroke, son and heir of John of Gaunt, was proclaimed King of
+England as Henry IV.
+
+On Henry’s accession he regained the estates of the duchy of Lancaster,
+which however remained in his hands as crown property.
+
+The above events and the dates on which they occurred are of importance
+in considering the two Hawksyard deeds; and if we are to understand how
+and why they came into existence, we must also trace the early history of
+Highe Frith and learn something of the conditions then prevailing as to
+the holding and devolution of landed estates in England; more especially
+with regard to earldoms honours and manors, which formed the basis of the
+feudal system.
+
+When we clearly understand the way in which land in England was held in
+pre-reformation days, it will perhaps be possible to see whether the
+facts set forth in the deed of gift of the 15th May 1399 were consistent
+with the early history of the manor of Alstonefield; and whether John of
+Gaunt was shortly before his death in a legal position to comply with the
+request of Sir Edward Mundy.
+
+As already stated Hawksyard was in Highe Frith, part of the manor of
+Alstonefield, and a manor was an estate in fee simple in a tract of land
+granted by the sovereign to a subject, usually a man of some consequence,
+in consideration of certain services.
+
+He was the lord of the manor and he reserved for his own use such parts
+of the land as he required, which were called the demesne lands; other
+parts he granted out to his tenants, under varying conditions which
+included estates of inheritance, estates for life, for years and at will;
+the barren lands which remained in his hands were what was known as the
+commons and wastes of the manor or the foreign lands. The whole formed a
+manor or lordship which had its own courts and customs and enjoyed feudal
+privileges, which extended not only to the lands held by tenants but also
+to the commons and waste lands.
+
+When many manors, perhaps extending into several counties, were held by
+one great baron or overlord they formed an honour which was held of the
+king _in capite_; this was quite different in character to the manor. It
+was a jurisdiction, vested in private hands, and not a territorial
+possession; the lords of the manors retaining their separate manorial
+organisation and rendering suit and service to their overlord.
+
+Manors also formed part of the earldom or shire; for some time after the
+conquest an earl also had the title of count and from the counts the
+shires took the name of counties. The title however soon disappeared in
+England but we still retain countess, county and viscount.
+
+When a great earldom honour or manor fell by forfeiture or escheat into
+the hands of the sovereign which constantly happened, it retained its
+distinct corporate existence and the whole apparatus of jurisdiction or
+tenure. Under its own title it either continued in the possession of the
+sovereign or was granted out again as a hereditary fief.
+
+The manor of Alstonefield appears to have been included in different
+earldoms and different honours at different dates, prior to the time when
+it came into the hands of John of Gaunt and his first wife’s ancestors.
+
+At the taking of the Domesday survey in 1086, Alstonefield manor was held
+as a knight’s fee by Robert count of Shrewsbury with William de Malbanc
+under him as lord of the manor. The Shrewsbury overlordship did not last
+long and Alstonefield, which seems to have been much in request, possibly
+owing to its grouse moor, was transferred to the honour of Chester under
+Hugh Lupus; to whom William had, three years after the conquest, given
+the earldom of Chester and William de Malbanc, of Wich Malbanc now
+Nantwich, held the position of lord marcher under Lupus, so that the
+lordship of Alstonefield formed part of the marchlands or boundaries of
+the honour of Chester on the east, over which William de Malbanc would
+have supreme control as lord of the marches.
+
+That part of the manor which lay between Leek and the river Dove,
+including the site of Hawksyard, was chiefly forest and moorland; shortly
+after the conquest and for many centuries after, it was known as Malbanc
+Forest; but in 1220 the Malbanc barony devolved on three co-heiresses,
+who held Alstonefield in co-parcenary.
+
+On the forfeiture of a third share by the eldest daughter, then countess
+of Warwick, it came into the possession of Hugh le Despencer, though how
+he got it is not clear, and this share included the tract of barren
+moorland known as Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest.
+
+In 1297, on the death of Edmund earl of Lancaster, the King’s Escheator
+held an inquisition at Tutbury for the county of Lancaster, to ascertain
+what knight’s fees were due to the earl; the jury found _inter alia_ that
+Hugh le Despencer held one knight’s fee in the manor of Altonesfelt
+(Alstonefield) worth yearly in homages etc. £10. “Nomina Villarum” 1316
+gives Hugh le Despencer and Nicholas de Audeleye as owners of
+Alstonefield, a vill in the liberty of the earl of Lancaster, who had the
+return of all writs.
+
+In 1322 the estates of le Despencer were forfeited to the crown and
+subsequently bestowed by Edward III on Henry earl of Lancaster,
+grandfather of Blanche the wife of John of Gaunt.
+
+It may be helpful here to recall how John of Gaunt was created duke of
+Lancaster and became possessed of the Lancastrian estates, extending into
+Cheshire, Staffordshire and other counties.
+
+The first earl of Lancaster was Edmund called Crouchback second son of
+Henry III; in addition to his Lancastrian estates, his father bestowed on
+him the earldoms of Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, Salisbury and Chester.
+
+These passed on his death in 1296 to his eldest son Thomas earl of
+Lancaster, who was beheaded at Pontefract in 1322 when his estates were
+forfeited to the crown.[A] His widow was allowed to retain the Salisbury
+estate; and the other four earldoms were bestowed on his brother Henry
+earl of Lancaster, to whom one third share of Alstonefield manor was also
+given, so that he possessed not only the Lancastrian estates but also the
+earldoms of Derby (including the honour of Tutbury), Leicester, Lincoln,
+Chester and the territorial interest of a third of the manor of
+Alstonefield, including Malbanc Forest; of which Highe Frith was waste of
+the manor.
+
+Henry earl of Lancaster was succeeded by his son Henry, afterwards first
+duke of Lancaster, who had no son; of his two daughters, Maud married
+William of Bavaria and Blanche married John of Gaunt. Maud died without
+issue, whereupon the whole of the Lancastrian estates devolved on
+Blanche; and, in right of his wife, on her husband John of Gaunt, who was
+in 1362 created duke of Lancaster.
+
+It will be remembered that the seal attached to the deed of gift of the
+15th May 1399 bears a hunting horn; and in order to find some explanation
+of this seal it may be necessary to glance for a moment at the history of
+the honour of Tutbury, which as we have seen was included in the earldom
+of Derby and passed to John of Gaunt with that earldom.
+
+[Illustration: =The Tutbury Horn=, from a photograph in the reference
+library at Sheffield.]
+
+About the end of the 13th century, the important office of escheator and
+coroner throughout the whole honour of Tutbury within the county of
+Stafford, was claimed by Walter Agard who demanded to hold office by
+right of inheritance; but he was unable to produce any written evidence
+in support of his claim; and in lieu of charters or writings, he produced
+a white hunting horn garnished with silver-gilt in the middle and at
+both ends, to which was affixed a girdle of black silk adorned with
+buckles of silver, on which was placed the _insignia_ of Edmund earl of
+Lancaster; this horn was offered and accepted as the charter and evidence
+of title to the office of escheator and coroner, to which he made claim.
+
+It is not necessary to follow the devolution of the Tutbury Horn from
+Walter Agard; but in the 17th century, on the marriage of an heiress of
+Agard, it passed to the Stanhopes, who sold it with its offices in 1753
+to Samuel Foxlow of Staveley Hall, from him it ultimately passed to Henry
+Marwood Greaves of Banner Cross, Sheffield, and Ford Hall, Derbyshire,
+who once only exercised the right of appointment; and on his death in
+1859 his eldest son William Henry Greaves, who had assumed the surname of
+Greaves-Bagshawe in 1853, succeeded to the horn by inheritance, and
+appointed the next succeeding coroner. We shall have to consider whether
+the pendent seal of the alleged deed of gift can in any way be accounted
+for by the fact, that the honour of Tutbury was part of the duchy of
+Lancaster prior to John of Gaunt’s death.
+
+[Illustration: =Seals= of 24th October 1568.]
+
+Let us now turn to the other party to the deed of gift, Sir Edward Mundy.
+
+In Burke’s “Commoners of England” 1836, it is suggested that the Mundy
+family derived its name from Mondaye Abbey in the dukedom of Normandy;
+and it may be, that Sir Edward Mundy or his father fought with John of
+Gaunt in the wars with France and Spain.
+
+It seems probable, from what we find in the earlier deed, that the duke
+and Sir Edward were close personal friends; and it may possibly have been
+through the influence of John of Gaunt, that Sir Edward Mundy or his
+father settled near Derby. However that may be, we are told that Sir
+Edward entertained the duke at Markeaton and returned with him to
+Lancaster Castle.
+
+Vincent Mundy of Markeaton was a justice of the peace for the county of
+Derby in 1558 and his son Edward died in 1607.
+
+Burke also tells us that “from old deeds in existence it appears that the
+family held lands in the year 1399”; it may be and seems highly probable
+that he was referring to the deed of gift and the grant above described,
+to which he presumably had access and gave credence.
+
+On the other hand the two Lysons, in their work on Derbyshire, say that
+the Mundys did not buy the Markeaton property until the beginning of the
+sixteenth century. Perhaps at that date they added to their original
+holding?
+
+We now have some idea of how matters stood in 1399 and 1568; we are
+therefore in a better position to consider whether the deeds of Richard
+II and Elizabeth can be relied on as giving the origin and early history
+of the place-name Hawksyard.
+
+Assuming for the moment that the two deeds were prepared at the same time
+and by the same hand, it is necessary to consider the position as it
+presented itself to the attorney, who in 1568 was instructed to carry out
+the sale of Hawksyard to John Weston. He possibly may have acted for both
+vendor and purchaser and been anxious to do his best for both his
+clients. He would, on receiving his instructions, ask the vendor for his
+title deeds; the answer would presumably be that there were no such
+deeds; but it was probably well known in the vendor’s family and possibly
+also to John Weston, that Hawksyard had been given to Sir Edward Mundy by
+John of Gaunt shortly before his death, after enjoying a day’s hawking in
+Highe Frith, the tradition of which would hang round The Moorlands for
+centuries; perhaps letters or diaries would be produced with sufficient
+detail to satisfy the purchaser of the truth of the tradition.
+
+The attorney would perhaps be in doubt, whether this traditional gift was
+a grant of the fee simple or a mere sporting right over certain waste
+lands belonging to the manor of Alstonefield, part of the duchy; which
+right would be what is known as a right of common in gross. The vendors
+were doubtless in actual possession and their ancestors had held it for
+nearly two hundred years; under circumstances such as these the Courts of
+Common Law, in the absence of the tradition, would have assumed a lost
+grant, made prior to the reign of Richard I, which is supposed to be
+equivalent to immemorial user; but the family tradition as to John of
+Gaunt fixes the lost grant in the reign of Richard II, which would not
+support a claim by immemorial user. Under these circumstances and in the
+absence of any title deeds, the attorney seems to have taken upon himself
+the responsibility of creating a root of title, based on the tradition
+and possibly what he considered satisfactory recorded evidence; in doing
+this he exercised neither artfulness nor skill. He hesitated whether to
+make it an agreement or a grant, he neglected to use the 14th century
+common form of such a document, he blundered sadly in the dates, and he
+referred in the deed, which he dated in the reign of Richard II, to a
+reign which had not then begun. There would be a difficulty as to the
+witnesses, and it may be that those named were taken from some deed of
+1399 to which he had access, notwithstanding the fact that these five
+witnesses were not suitable or likely witnesses for the sealing by John
+of Gaunt; there was also the difficulty of the seal, and as probably no
+seal of John of Gaunt was available, a forest seal, perhaps of the honour
+of Tutbury, was used; Alstonefield manor being within that honour, and
+the deed of the 15th May 1399 was the result; which did well enough to
+hand to the purchaser, as the root of title to Hawksyard, along with his
+conveyance from Vincent Mundy and his son. Even if the parties to the
+transaction knew of what was being done they would doubtless be well
+pleased to have the John of Gaunt tradition put on record; and the
+enterprising attorney would probably be thanked and well paid for his
+trouble and resource. There does not appear to have been any fraudulent
+intention to improperly acquire any land or other benefit, though such a
+counterfeit in these days would be fraught with risk to all parties
+concerned; but in the time of Elizabeth, the law of real property rested
+less on statute and more on the unwritten law; which was interpreted and
+applied loosely and without supervision.[B] The effect of this _ex post
+facto_ apograph was twofold and benefited both sides. The vendors put on
+permanent record their treasured family tradition and the purchaser got a
+root of title, which might be of value to him in case of re-sale. It
+would be interesting to know why the Mundys barred the entail and sold
+Hawksyard, with its sporting tradition; it may have been that the
+chancellor of the duchy had, at a then recent date, raised the question
+as to whether the Mundy family originally had an estate in fee simple or
+a right of common in gross; and that they as owners thought they would
+act wisely in selling to a purchaser for value.
+
+Whatever the reason may have been for the sale of Hawksyard in 1568, it
+passed by the deed of Elizabeth from the Mundy family to John Weston of
+Mackworth, and is now held and enjoyed under prescriptive right, which
+makes its past history of little consequence, so far as the present
+owner, Mr Robert Shirley of Waterhouse Farm, near Longnor, is concerned.
+
+His numerous deeds and papers relating to Hawksyard include an abstract
+of title beginning in the 14th year of Elizabeth (10th July 1572), when
+John Weston and Katherine his wife sold Hawksyard to Ralph Bradbury who,
+as appears from the grant to John Weston, was in 1568 the tenant of
+Hawksyard; so that John Weston owned the property for less than four
+years and then sold it to his tenant Ralph Bradbury, who in May 1573
+settled it on his younger son Otwell.
+
+Forty-two years later, on the 11th May 1615, Otwell Bradbury and Ralph
+his son and heir sold Hawksyard to Henry Cock for £400. For many years
+the estate remained in the possession of the Cock family, who sold it to
+Ralph Wood of Leek Abbey, the Cistercian monastery Dieu-la-Cresse, and on
+the 5th April 1800 Hawksyard passed into the possession of John Shirley
+of Rewlach, the great grandfather of the present owner.
+
+In 1850 some closes, part of Hawksyard, lying on the west side of the
+road leading from Newtown to Warslow, were exchanged for adjacent closes,
+part of the late Sir John Harpur Crewe’s estates. With this exception,
+the Hawksyard estate seems to follow the boundaries set forth in the deed
+of 1399, and Harrison’s Intake, Low Meadow, Rye Meadow, Kiln Croft and
+Spout Field of that date still exist and appear in the description of the
+lands in the 19th century title deeds. On the front of the house are two
+dates, one above the other, the lower one is “H C 1620” and the upper one
+is “H C 1784”; both these dates occur during the ownership of the Cock
+family, and the initials “H C” probably indicate Henry Cock.
+
+Hawksyard of to-day is a substantial farmstead of eighty acres, with a
+good house and farm buildings occupied by Mr Shirley’s son Edwin Leslie
+Shirley; it is bounded on every side by lands of Sir Vauncey Harpur Crewe
+of Calke Abbey and Warslow Hall, but it has never formed part of the
+encircling Harpur estate, which we may assume was crown property; and the
+grant to the Harpurs of these surrounding lands may have given rise to a
+discussion as to the Hawksyard title, and possibly suggested to the
+Mundys the desirability of the sale to Weston. If the surrounding lands
+were granted by the crown, leaving Hawksyard an isolated and independent
+holding, there seems to have been a recognition of the Mundy title and a
+strong vindication of the Hawksyard tradition.
+
+Of the places referred to in the deeds, Boothesley (now spelt Boosley)
+Grange still stands; Bank or Over Boothesley is now Bank House and the
+“pearle of water” is Boosley Brook. Highe Frith and Malbanc Forest are
+not on the ordnance map and are almost forgotten in the district; but
+Lady Edge is still in daily use, and the existence to-day of these
+medieval place-names seems to strengthen the probability of the story of
+John of Gaunt’s visit to the Highe Frith.
+
+If ramblers on foot and on wheels, when passing the east end of the
+church and the adjoining school of Newtown, will stop for a moment to
+glance down on Hawksyard, two fields to the east and up to Lady Edge half
+a mile to the south-west; it will not be difficult to reconstruct the
+scene of the hawking, when
+
+    “Old John of Gaunt, time-honour’d Lancaster”
+
+visited Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest more than five centuries ago and
+first gave the name Hawksyard.
+
+[Illustration: SHEFFIELD]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] It may be of interest to mention, that in 1867 while ridging potatoes
+in a field at Boosley Grange, known as Boosley Folly Meadow, a number of
+silver medieval coins were found, which had presumably been lost or
+hidden in the difficult times through which The Moorlands passed, during
+the fierce struggle between Edward II and his cousin Thomas the great
+earl of Lancaster; who in his headlong flight from Tutbury Castle up the
+valley of the Dove lost a military chest containing over 100,000 similar
+coins, English, Scotch and Flemish, in the river, which was found in
+1831, embedded deep in the mud at the ford below the castle.
+
+[B] The reverend Joseph Hunter, in a Memoir on the ancient family of
+Wilson of Broomhead Hall, Bradfield, published in _The Yorkshire
+Archæological and Topographical Journal_ volume v. calls attention to
+what he describes as a surreptitious Bradfield deed, dated in the feast
+of saint Martin in winter (11th November) 22 Richard II and anno domini
+1399; whereas the feast of saint Martin 1399 was not in the reign of
+Richard II but in the first year of Henry IV; he further points out that
+even if the news of the accession of Henry had not reached the wilds of
+Bradfield by the 11th November, the feast of saint Martin 1399 would have
+fallen in the 23rd year of Richard II and not the 22nd, as stated in the
+deed.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBERS’ NOTES
+
+General: No attempt has been made to standardise spelling within the
+charters; they are rendered as in the original text.
+
+Page 28: Hawsksyard corrected to Hawksyard after “In 1850 some closes,
+part of”
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the
+17th century, by Thomas Walter Hall
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+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the 17th
+century, by Thomas Walter Hall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the 17th century
+       A descriptive catalogue of land charters and other documents
+              forming the Brooke Taylor collection
+
+Author: Thomas Walter Hall
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2011 [EBook #37130]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHEFFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
+Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
+images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p>
+
+<h1 class="normal">Sheffield and its environs 13th to the 17th century</h1>
+
+<p class="center large gap2">A</p>
+
+<p class="center x-large">DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE</p>
+
+<p class="center small">OF</p>
+
+<p class="center xx-large">Land Charters &amp; Other Documents</p>
+
+<p class="center small">FORMING</p>
+
+<p class="center x-large"><span class="smcap">The Brooke Taylor Collection</span></p>
+
+<p class="center small">RELATING TO</p>
+
+<p class="center large">THE OUTLYING DISTRICTS</p>
+
+<p class="center small">OF</p>
+
+<p class="center x-large">SHEFFIELD</p>
+
+<p class="center normal">WITH 16 GENEALOGIES AND AN ARTICLE</p>
+
+<p class="center small">ON</p>
+
+<p class="center x-large">Hawksyard</p>
+
+<p class="center small">COMPILED BY</p>
+
+<p class="center normal"><span class="smcap">T. WALTER HALL Hon. M.A. (Sheffield) F.R.Hist.S.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center small gap2">SHEFFIELD</p>
+<p class="center small">PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY J. W. NORTHEND LTD., WEST STREET</p>
+<p class="center small">1922</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center small gap2">TO</p>
+
+<p class="center small">THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center large gap2">WORKS RELATING TO THE HISTORY OF
+SHEFFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">SHEFFIELD PEDIGREES volume I, by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>. Containing
+nine genealogies with notes.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>1909</i>, now out of print.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, DEEDS, AND MANUSCRIPTS
+IN THE PUBLIC REFERENCE LIBRARY AT SHEFFIELD, by
+<span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>; with Introductory Note by Mr. <span class="smcap">R. E. Leader</span> and
+photographic reproduction of early 14th century Derbyshire charter.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>June 1912</i>. Price 2/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">CATALOGUE OF THE ANCIENT CHARTERS BELONGING TO
+THE TWELVE CAPITAL BURGESSES AND COMMONALTY OF
+THE TOWN AND PARISH OF SHEFFIELD, WITH ABSTRACTS
+OF ALL SHEFFIELD WILLS PROVED AT YORK PRIOR to 1554,
+by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>; with over 100 local genealogies and 4 photographic
+reproductions of early Sheffield seals and an early 15th century Sheffield
+charter.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>May 1913</i>. Price 2/6.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, ROLLS, DEEDS,
+PEDIGREES, PAMPHLETS, NEWSPAPERS, MONUMENTAL
+INSCRIPTIONS, MAPS, AND MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, FORMING
+&#x201c;THE JACKSON COLLECTION,&#x201d; AT THE SHEFFIELD PUBLIC
+REFERENCE LIBRARY, by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span> and <span class="smcap">A. Hermann Thomas</span>:
+with Prefatory Note by Dr. <span class="smcap">Henry Jackson</span>, O.M., Regius Professor of
+Greek and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and five photographic
+reproductions of ancient local documents.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>July 1914</i>. Price 5/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">SHEFFIELD PEDIGREES volume II, contributed by Messrs. <span class="smcap">J. B.
+Mitchell-Withers</span>, <span class="smcap">H. P. Marsh</span>, <span class="smcap">R. E. Leader</span>, <span class="smcap">S. O. Addy</span>,
+<span class="smcap">W. S. Porter</span>, <span class="smcap">C. Drury</span>, and <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>. Containing 16
+genealogies with notes.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>January 1915</i>. Price 5/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS CHARTERS
+AND OTHER DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE DISTRICTS OF
+SHEFFIELD AND ROTHERHAM, WITH ABSTRACTS OF WILLS
+PROVED AT YORK FROM 1554 to 1560; by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>, with
+315 local genealogies and six photographs of medieval charters, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>September 1916</i>. Price 5/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part I. BAPTISMS
+AND MARRIAGES, 1560 to 1635. Transcribed and edited by
+<span class="smcap">Charles Drury</span> and <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span> of Sheffield; indexed by
+<span class="smcap">John Charlesworth</span> of Wakefield. Privately printed for The Hunter
+Arch�ological Society of Sheffield and The Yorkshire Parish Register
+Society.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>1917</i>. Price 10/6.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="gap2">THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part II. BURIALS
+1560 to 1635; BAPTISMS AND MARRIAGES 1635 to 1653. Transcribed
+and edited by <span class="smcap">Charles Drury</span> and <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span> of Sheffield, and
+indexed by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>. Privately printed for The Hunter
+Arch�ological Society of Sheffield and The Yorkshire Parish Register
+Society.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>1918</i>. Price 10/6.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, COPY COURT
+ROLLS AND WILLS IN &#x201c;THE WHEAT COLLECTION,&#x201d; AT THE
+SHEFFIELD PUBLIC REFERENCE LIBRARY; AND ALSO CHARTERS
+FROM OTHER LOCAL COLLECTIONS, WITH ABSTRACTS
+OF SHEFFIELD WILLS PROVED AT YORK FROM 1560 to 1566;
+by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>; with 285 local genealogies, and a Prefatory Note
+by Mr. <span class="smcap">Hubert Hall</span>, of H.M. Public Record Office, F.S.A., and two
+photographic reproductions of local charters of the 13th century. Appendix
+containing a list of boys who went to Broombank House School, Sheffield,
+with a biographical note on the reverend <span class="smcap">Thomas Howarth, M.A.</span></p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>August 1920</i>. Price 5/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part III. BURIALS
+1635 to 1653; BAPTISMS AND MARRIAGES 1653 to 1686. Transcribed
+and edited by <span class="smcap">Charles Drury</span> and <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>, F.R.Hist.S.
+Privately printed for The Hunter Arch�ological Society of Sheffield and
+The Yorkshire Parish Register Society.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>1921</i>. Price 10/6.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">MATERIAL FOR THE HISTORY OF WINCOBANK, SHEFFIELD,
+by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>, F.R.Hist.S.; with plan of 1692 and 31 local
+genealogies.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>December 1921</i>. Price 3/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE BROOKE TAYLOR COLLECTION
+OF EARLY CHARTERS AND DEEDS RELATING TO OUTLYING
+DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD by <span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall</span>, Hon. M.A.
+(Sheffield), F.R.Hist.S.; with genealogies and photographic reproductions
+of charters and seals. Appendix containing an article on Hawksyard near
+Buxton; with its John of Gaunt hawking tradition and medieval history;
+reprinted from <i>Transactions</i> of The Hunter Arch�ological Society of
+Sheffield.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Published <i>October 1922</i>. Price 5/-.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part IV. In the Press.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign">Price 10/6.</p>
+
+<p>The above publications can be purchased from <span class="smcap">J. W. Northend Limited,
+West Street, Sheffield</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="gap2"><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE</h2>
+
+<p>My thanks are due to Colonel H. Brooke Taylor, for permission to search his
+chambers in the Town Hall at Bakewell for hidden treasure, in the shape of
+pre-reformation land charters court rolls and the like; to Mr Robert Shirley of
+Waterhouse Farm near Longnor, for a sight of his title deeds to Hawksyard;
+to his son Mr Edwin Leslie Shirley of Hawksyard, for a very pleasant visit to
+his ancestral home in The Moorlands of Staffordshire, with its medieval tradition
+and interesting associations; and to Mr James R. Wigfull, for an excellent little
+map of Hawksyard and the surrounding country.</p>
+
+<p>It is only through the kindness and good nature of others, that a systematic
+search for local history can proceed and although contributions accumulate in
+small quantities, there is no more fruitful or reliable source of information, as
+to people and places of bygone days, than the land charters and court rolls covering
+the period from the Domesday survey to the reformation.</p>
+
+<p>Many bundles of old title deeds, unopened for centuries, yet lie hidden in
+out-of-the-way corners and on inaccessible shelves; it should be part of the work
+of every arch�ological society to extract from all available deeds, relating to
+its own district, whatever useful history they may contain.</p>
+
+<p>Every countryside, every village and every town becomes a more interesting
+place to its inhabitants, when its history is known. The names of persons and
+places become intelligible, dates and letters on buildings can be accounted for, disused
+bridle roads and paths can be traced, the heraldry of the stained glass in the
+church and of the tombstones in the churchyard can be read with understanding,
+local genealogies can be extended and long cherished family traditions can often
+be verified or explained.</p>
+
+<p>It is therefore of importance that whenever these ancient writings make their
+appearance, there should be some person or association of persons ready and
+willing to examine them, not only with the object of extracting any local history
+they may contain, but also of recording it in a form suitable for future reference.</p>
+
+<p class="ralign" style="margin-right:2em;"><span class="smcap">T. Walter Hall.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 598px;">
+<img src="images/illus_009.png" width="598" height="431" alt="Before 1290. Charter of Jordan de Pickeburne. (Brodsworth near Doncaster)" title="" />
+<div class="small" style="text-align:left;"><i>Photo Ethel Eadon</i></div>
+Before 1290. <b>Charter</b> of Jordan de Pickeburne. (Brodsworth near Doncaster)
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="gap2"><a name="The_Brooke_Taylor_Collection" id="The_Brooke_Taylor_Collection"></a>The Brooke Taylor Collection.</h2>
+
+<div class="charternum">I</div>
+
+<p>13th century. Prior to the statute <i>Quia Emptores</i>, 18 Edw I (1290). <b>Charter</b>
+(Lat) confirming a grant from Jordan son of Thomas de Pickeburne to Gilbert
+Cook of Rickehale, for a certain sum of money, which he gave to the grantor by
+hand as a fine (<i>in gersumma</i>), of one acre of land and a half, with the appurtenances,
+in the north field of Pickeburne at the green hill, lying between the
+proper land of the grantor on the one part and land which Jordan Wlm' formerly
+held on the other part; of which one end butted upon the field of Hanepol and
+the other end on land of Sir Marmeduke Darel; and also a plot of meadow ground
+in the meadows of Pickeburne; to wit, it lay in length and in breadth one rod and
+three quarters, between the meadow of the fee of Rockelay and the meadow of
+Robert Knou&#x1e8f;s, of which one end butted upon the south cave (<i>antrum australe</i>)
+and the other end upon the north cave (<i>antrum boreale</i>); to hold and to have of
+the grantor and his heirs to the said Gilbert and his heirs or whomsoever; and
+howsoever and whatsoever time he should wish to give, to bequeath, to assign or
+to sell, in fee and inheritance free quietly peacefully and entirely; with all rights
+of common, easements, liberties and appurtenances, without reservation; paying
+thenceforth annually to the grantor and his heirs one halfpenny of silver on the
+day of saint John the baptist, for all secular services, exactions, taxes, suits of
+court and demands; warranty of title etc. <b>Witnesses</b>: Helias de Scauceby,
+Thomas his son, Henry of the same place, William Joye of Pickeburne, Hugh
+son of Beatrice, Thomas Fossard of the same place (<i>sic</i>), William de Fonte.
+<b>Vellum</b>: one skin 6&frac12; � 4, seal missing. <b>Notes</b>: this interesting charter, of which
+a photographic reproduction is given as a frontispiece, is in perfect condition,
+except that the seal is missing. It is a subinfeudation of lands in the township of
+Pickburn-with-Brodsworth, in the parish of Brodsworth and wapentake of Strafforth,
+four miles north-west of Doncaster; for which Gilbert Cook paid a gersuma
+or fine to Jordan de Pickburn. In the reign of Edward the confessor, Pickburn
+was part of the lands of Alsie the Saxon lord; but after the conquest it was held
+by Nigel Fossard under the earl of Morton, who accompanied William from
+Normandy in his successful invasion of England. The earl subsequently forfeited
+his English possessions and Nigel Fossard, his subinfeudatory, came to be acknowledged
+tenant of the crown. Gilbert Cook may have been descended from Alberus
+de Coci (Cook), who after the conquest held Hickleton and part of Cadeby. No
+trace of Rickehale can be found. Jordan Wlm' is clearly written, probably it is a
+contraction of Woolmer?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Hanepol is mentioned in Domesday, it was a manor before the conquest,
+belonging to Swein. The modern name is Hampole and it lies about two miles
+north of Pickburn.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Marmeduke Darel was living 31 Hen III (1247), in which year he had a
+charter of free warren at Brodsworth. The Darels got Brodsworth from the
+de Buslis; they continued in possession from the beginning of the 13th to the
+beginning of the 16th century; the last of the Darels being Sir Thomas, who died
+without issue 23rd November 1505; see &#x201c;South Yorkshire&#x201d; vol I, page 315.</p>
+
+<p>The fee of Rockley was in Worsborough and this land near Pickburn must
+have adjoined part of that fee. The Rockleys were settled in Worsborough at the
+time of the conquest and continued in undisturbed possession until the civil wars.
+Knou&#x1e8f;s may in later times have been Knovis. Scauceby now Scawsby, lies two
+miles south-east of Pickburn. It appears to have been a more important place in
+Saxon times than it is to-day. It is mentioned in Domesday as Scalchebi. Helias
+may mean Ellis. The surname Joye has a small i for the initial letter.</p>
+
+<p>Nigel Fossard above mentioned was, after the death of the earl of Morton,
+one of several landowners in the deanery of Doncaster who held direct from the
+crown; his fee included lands at Brodsworth and he also had a house at Doncaster;
+but his baronial seat was Mulgrave Castle in north Yorkshire.</p>
+
+<p>William de Fonte was probably the prior of Ecclesfield, which priory belonged
+at the date of this charter to the abbey of Fontenelle or saint Wandrille in Normandy.</p>
+
+<p>Probably William de Fonte engrossed this charter and added his name as
+the last witness, which was a common practice of monks and scriveners.</p>
+
+<p>Judith, niece of William I and wife of earl Waltheof lord of Hallam, placed
+a colony of monks from Fontenelle at Ecclesfield; probably in the 11th century,
+as she was married in 1070; see &#x201c;Arch�ologia&#x201d; vol 26, page 352. From charter-evidence
+it is certain that the priory was in existence in 1141. From this it may
+be assumed that this beautifully written charter had its origin in Ecclesfield priory,
+and was taken by prior William to Pickburn, where the other witnesses would
+meet, to see possession of the land given and the grant confirmed by deed.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">(i)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 1">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Thomas de Pickeburne</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">Jordan</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living shortly before 1290</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center gap2">(ii)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 2">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Helias de Scauceby</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">Thomas</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living shortly before 1290</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="charternum">II</div>
+
+<p>13th century. Prior to the statute <i>Quia Emptores</i>, 18 Edw I (1290). <b>Charter</b>
+(Lat) confirming a grant from William de Mertone to Henry son of Roger Palmer,
+of one toft in the town of Mertone and two acres of his land; that toft and those
+acres which Roger his son formerly held of him to the end of all things; to wit,
+the said Roger the said land either held or retained, for homage and services;
+to have and to hold to him and his heirs or assigns, from him (the grantor) or his
+heirs, freely quietly and entirely, with all liberties and easements, so much land in
+the town of Mertone, with the appurtenances; paying thenceforth annually himself
+or his heirs or assigns to him (the grantor) and his heirs, one pound of cummin
+at the feast of saint Michael the archangel, for all services exactions and demands;
+and he William and his heirs, the said land, with the appurtenances, to the said
+Henry and his heirs or assigns, against all men and women, did warrant for ever.
+<b>Witnesses</b>: Richard de Thorintone, Adam de Pultone, James de Poltone (<i>sic</i>),
+Henry de Karletone, Roger son of John de (?)aynol, Emery (<i>Aumaricus</i>) de
+Lekamtone and others. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 6&frac12; � 3, portion of a green seal,
+obscure. <b>Notes</b>: the form of the deed necessitates a date prior to 18 Edw I;
+and it is only by the names of the persons mentioned in the charter that the
+approximate date can be fixed. Mertone is an early form of Marton or Markeaton,
+two miles north-west of Derby, Richard le Palmer was a witness to a lease of a
+house in Markton (Markeaton) temp Edw I, see Jeayes &#x201c;Derbyshire Charters&#x201d;,
+number 1651, page 205. The words &#x201c;about 1275&#x201d; are written on the back of the
+charter, in a hand of later date.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 3">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Roger Palmer</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">Henry</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living shortly before 1290</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">III</div>
+
+<p><b>1310</b> Monday next before the feast of All Saints (1st November). <b>Charter</b> (Lat),
+dated at Kenworthe&#x1e8f;, confirming a grant from William Nolbildon (?) and Margery
+his wife to William de Baggyleigh and his heirs, of one messuage and five acres
+of land, with the appurtenances, in Norworthen and Kenworthe&#x1e8f;, without any
+reservation; to have and to hold to him and his heirs, of the chief lord of the fee,
+by services thenceforth owing and accustomed; freely quietly well and in peace,
+with all liberties and easements to the said land, in the town of Norworthen and
+Kenworthe&#x1e8f; howsoever described; they, the said William and Margery and their
+heirs, all the lands aforesaid with the messuage aforesaid and with all their appurtenances,
+situated as before written, to the said William (Baggyleigh) and his heirs
+and assigns, against all men did warrant and defend. <b>Witnesses</b>: Robert de Masey
+of Sale, Robert de Tatton, Richard de Kogworth, Richard de Brounehul, Roger de
+Kenworthe&#x1e8f;, Robert del Cley (?) clerk. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 8&frac12; � 2&frac14;, two seals<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>
+missing. <b>Notes</b>: this is a grant of land in Northenden in the hundred of Macclesfield,
+Cheshire. It is on the south bank of the river Mersey, seven miles south of
+Manchester. Withenshaw Hall is the ancient family seat of the Tattons, who were
+lords of the manor. See Ormrod&#x2019;s &#x201c;History of Cheshire&#x201d; volume iii, pages 604
+to 611.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 4">
+<tr>
+<td class="center smcap">William Nolbildon = Margery</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center">both living 1 Nov 1310</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">IV</div>
+
+<p><b>1332</b> Tuesday in the feast of the translation of saint Dunstan (7th September).
+<b>Quitclaim</b> (Lat), dated at Kenworthe&#x1e8f;, from Emma daughter of Richard de
+Macworth to Sir William de Baggelegh knight and his heirs, of all her right and
+claim in all lands or tenements, with their appurtenances, which she had of the
+gift and testament (?) of Roger del Tatton (?) in Kenworthe&#x1e8f; in the town of
+Nortworhthe&#x1e8f; (<i>sic</i>) with the annual rent for the said lands. <b>Witnesses</b>: Roger le
+Masey of Sale, John de Carmarthon, William de Tatton, Thomas del Brome,
+Adam Lobias. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 8 � 3, seal missing. <b>Notes</b>: the writing is
+much faded in places.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 5">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Richard de Macworth</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">Emma</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">living 7 Sep 1332</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">V</div>
+
+<p><b>1353</b> Sunday next after the feast of saint Adelmus the confessor (25th May).
+<b>Agreement</b> (Lat), dated at Northworth&#x1e8f;n between William de Tatton of the one
+part and Robert his son of the other part: to wit, that the said William as witness
+(<i>superstes</i>) gave and granted for all his life to the said Robert his heirs and assigns,
+all his messuages lands and tenements, rents and services, which he had etc in the
+town of Northworth&#x1e8f;n Kenworthe&#x1e8f; and Wythynschagh, with all their appurtenances,
+except so much of those lands and tenements which Thomas Medock
+the miller (?) held from the said William for a term of years, in the town of
+Northworth&#x1e8f;n, with the appurtenances; to have and to hold to the said Robert
+his heirs and assigns freely quietly etc, for all the life of the said William; of the
+chief lord of that fee, for services thenceforth due and of right accustomed; provided
+that the said Robert should maintain and order for the said William, during
+the life of himself William, suitable and sufficient sustenance; and if it happen
+that the said Robert, during the life of the said William his father, should die, the
+said William agreed (?) that all the said lands and tenements rents and services,
+with the appurtenances, for the time of the life of him, to him should return revert<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>
+and remain, except those lands and tenements in Wythynshagh, with the appurtenances;
+to wit, those tenements which the said William first held, which lands
+and tenements with the appurtenances, the said William granted and gave, which
+during the life of himself William would remain in the possession of Sybil wife of
+the said Robert and her relations, for their maintenance. <b>Witnesses</b>: William de
+Hynckley parson of the church of Northworth&#x1e8f;n, Richard de Baggelegh, Richard
+de Brom, William son of Richard de Tatton, John son of Roger (?) de Kenworthe&#x1e8f;.
+<b>Vellum</b>: one skin 9 � 3&frac12;, seal missing.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogies deduced.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">(i)</p>
+
+<table style="border-collapse:collapse;" summary="Genealogy 6">
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="ralign smcap">William de Tatton</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:4em;">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5" class="smcap" style="padding-left:2.5em;">Robert = Sybil</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5" class="center">all living 25 May 1353</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center">(ii)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 7">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Richard de Tatton</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">William</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living 25 May 1353</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center">(iii)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 8">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Roger de Kenworthey</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">John</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living 25 May 1353</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">VI</div>
+
+<p><b>(1391)</b> Sunday next before the feast of saint Martin in winter (11th November),
+in the 15th year of Richard II. <b>Charter</b> (Lat) dated at Wythinschawe, confirming
+a grant from Robert de Tatton senior to John son of Robert de Legh and John de
+Rossyndale chaplain, of all his messuages lands and tenements with the appurtenances,
+in Wythinschawe in the town of Kenworthe&#x1e8f;, which Margaret, who was
+the wife of Robert de Tatton junior, Robert Dukhard (?) parson of the church of
+Northdene, Richard del Brome and William de Kenworthe&#x1e8f; held from the grant
+of him (Robert de Tatton senior), for the term of his life, in the town aforesaid,
+to have and to hold all the said messuages lands and tenements, with all lands
+houses meadows feedings and pastures and other their appurtenances; and also
+with forty three shillings and four pence annually, at the feast of the nativity of
+saint John the baptist, and saint Martin the bishop, by equal portions; for the said
+Margaret, Robert Dukhard (?) Richard and William, during his (the said Robert
+de Tatton senior) life, in advance, freely quietly well and in peace, with all profits
+liberties turbaries common of pasture and other easements to the said lands and
+tenements wheresoever, belonging and in the said town existing and to the same,
+of whatsoever manner, to be firmly held: of the chief lord of that fee, for services<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+thenceforth owing and of right accustomed; warranty of title etc. <b>Witnesses</b>:
+Peter de Legh then steward of Macclesfeld, William de Legh chevalier, John de
+Honford (?), Richard de Brome, William de Ken'. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 9&frac12; � 3&frac14;,
+seal missing.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogies deduced.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">(i)</p>
+
+<table style="border-collapse:collapse;" summary="Genealogy 9">
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="ralign smcap">Robert de Tatton</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">senior</td>
+<td class="br bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="br" style="width:4em;">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="bt">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5" class="smcap" style="padding-left:2.5em;">Robert = Margaret</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5" style="padding-left:3em;">junior</td>
+<td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5" class="center">all living 11 Nov 1391</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center">(ii)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 10">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Robert de Legh</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">John</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living 11 Nov 1391</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">VII</div>
+
+<p><b>1399</b> May 15th. <b>Deed of covenant</b> (Lat) given at Lancaster Castle and made
+between John Gaunte duke of Lancaster fourth son of King Edward the third and
+Edward Mundy of Marton in the county of Derby knight; whereby, after reciting
+a visit of John Gaunte to Highe Frith in the parish of Alstonefield in the
+county of Stafford, on the 10th May 1399, for the purpose of hawking; the said
+John Gaunt (<i>sic</i>) gave and delivered to the said Edward Mundy, a piece of land, to
+which the said John Gaunt gave the name of Hawkesyerd otherwise Hawksearth.
+The boundaries of the land are given in detail and also the names of some of the
+fields and the adjoining farms and grouse moors. <b>Witnesses</b>: William Stanley gent,
+John Porter gent, James Lewis gent, Wi'm Stanley gent, Thos Mundy gent, John
+Thornicroft attorney. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 15 � 8&frac12;, round seal of green wax, 3&frac12; inches
+diameter and an inch thick. See appendix and photographic reproductions.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">VIII</div>
+
+<p>(<b>1414</b>) Sunday next after the feast of Thomas the apostle (21st December), in
+the 2nd year of the reign of Henry V. <b>Charter</b> (Lat) confirming a grant from
+John Marreys son of Walter Marreys of Rostlastone to Thomas Gresley knight,
+William Bab&#x1e8f;ngtone, John Abell of Caldewall and William Ward of Coton their
+heirs and assigns, of all his lands and tenements rents reversions possessions and
+services, with their appurtenances, which he had or in the future might have in
+the town and territories of Rostlastone and Lynton or elsewhere in the county of
+Derby, without reservation; to have and to hold all the said lands tenements etc
+to the said Thomas, William, John Abell and William their heirs and assigns
+freely quietly well and in peace for ever; of the chief lord of that fee, for services
+etc; warranty of title. <b>Witnesses</b>: Roger de Hortone lord of Catton, John Dethek
+of Neuhall, John Abell of Stapenhull, John Lathebury de Newtone Sulu&#x1e8f;, Robert<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+Thirmot of Lyntone. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 10&frac12; � 4&frac12;, seal missing. <b>Notes</b>: Rostlastone
+now Rosliston is a parish in the hundred of Repton county Derby, four
+miles south-west of Burton-on-Trent; Cauldwell, Coton-in-the-elms, Catton-on-Trent,
+Linton, Newton-Solney and Gresley are close by and lie near the confluence
+of the Dove and the Trent.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 11">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Walter Marreys</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%" class="ralign">of Rostlastone</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">John</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living 21 Dec 1414</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">IX</div>
+
+<p>(<b>1414-15</b>) Sunday in the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary (2nd February),
+in the 2nd year of Henry V. <b>Deed of exchange</b> (Lat) dated at Kenworthy
+and made between William de Tatton of the one part and William le Hunte and
+Margaret his wife of the other part; whereby the said William de Tatton ... demised
+and by that then present indenture confirmed to William le Hunte and
+Margaret his wife and their heirs for ever, a certain parcel of land lying in Kenworthy
+called Lamputtes, in exchange for another parcel of land lying near the
+house of William de Tatton called Ruyssihey; to have and to hold the said parcel
+of land called Lamputtes to the said William le Hunte and Margaret his wife and
+their heirs for ever, making to the chief lord services etc; warranty of title.
+<b>Witnesses</b>: Thomas de Legh of Bagulegh, Roger le Massy of Sale, Robert de
+Hull'. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 11&frac12; � 3&frac12;, seal missing. <b>Notes</b>: this deed is indented
+and possibly the other part contained a grant or demise of Ruyssihey or Rushyhey
+to William de Tatton completing the exchange. In this deed the words of grant
+are illegible except &#x201c;demise&#x201d;; and the deed only effects one part of the exchange.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 12">
+<tr>
+<td class="smcap center">William le Hunte = Margaret</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center">both living 2 Feb 1414-15</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">X</div>
+
+<p>(<b>1425-6</b>) in the feast of saint Vincent martyr (22nd January), in the 4th year of
+Henry VI. <b>Release and quitclaim</b> (Lat), dated at Over Haddon, from William
+de Brodehurst, son of William de Brodehurst, of Over Haddon to John Brodehurst
+his brother his heirs and assigns; of all right and claim of right which he had,
+in one messuage and eighteen acres of land, with the appurtenances, lying in the
+said town and fields of Over Haddon, which same messuage and eighteen acres of
+land, with the appurtenances, the said John his brother had from the gift and grant
+of Cecilie their mother by a certain charter etc. <b>Witnesses</b>: John de Farefeld (?)
+of Over Haddon, John ... of the same town, John de Gyte, Nicholas<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+Pygges (?), Thomas de ... <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 10 � 3&frac12;, seal missing.
+<b>Notes</b>: this deed is in bad condition and the writing is much faded, many words
+and sentences being illegible; but the general outline and date are clear and doubtful
+names are indicated in the above abstract. One of the witnesses John de Gyte
+of Over Haddon is mentioned as purchaser of land in Over Bondsale 3 Hen VI
+(1424), in a grant abstracted in Jeayes&#x2019; &#x201c;Derbyshire Charters&#x201d; No 317.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 13" style="border-collapse:collapse;">
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="ralign smcap">William de Brodehurst</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="smcap">Cecilia</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:24%;">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:24%;" class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%;" class="bb br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%;" class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:24%;" class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:24%;">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="center"><span class="smcap">William</span> of</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center smcap">John</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">Over Haddon</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="6" class="center">all living except perhaps Cecilia 22 Jan 1425-6</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">XI</div>
+
+<p>(<b>1426</b>) November 6th, in the 5th year of Henry VI. <b>Letter of attorney</b> (Lat),
+dated at Ouerhaddon, from Richard son of John Walker of Ouerhaddon to William
+de Brodhirst senior and John his son, to give seisin to William de Brodhirst junior
+and Margorie his wife, in one messuage and xxvi acres of land and meadow,
+with the appurtenances, in Ouerhaddon, following the form and effect of a certain
+charter of the said John Walker to the same William de Brodhirst junior and
+Margorie. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 12 � 1&frac12; seal missing.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogies deduced.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">(i)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 14">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">John Walker</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%" class="ralign">of Ouerhaddon</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">Richard</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living 6 Nov 1426</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center">(ii)</p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 15" style="border-collapse:collapse;">
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="ralign smcap">William Brodhirst</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td colspan="2">......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:24%;" class="ralign">senior</td>
+<td style="width:24%;" class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%;" class="bb br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%;" class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2em;" class="bb">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="center smcap">John</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="smcap">William = Margorie</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td colspan="2">junior</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="6" class="center">all living 6 Nov 1426</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">XII</div>
+
+<p>(<b>1565</b>) July 12th, in the 7th year of Elizabeth. <b>Award</b> (Engl) of Gregorye
+Reyvell of Stanyngton, Robert Hawksworthe of Thornsett, Phyllyppe Morton
+of Ughyll and Thomas Greyve of Westnall in the countye of Yorke yomen.
+Reciting that where certayn debate contraversye and varyance then of late had
+been dependynge betwene Henry Gelat of Wygtuysle in the countye of Yorke
+yoman of the one partye and Henry Morton and Henry Ibotson of the same
+Wygtuysle in the same countye yomen of the other partye, and especyally of for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+and concernynge the occupacion of certayne Byredole lands in Wygtuyslee afforsayd,
+in so muche as bothe the sayd partyes had submytted them selffs to stand to
+and adyde obserue performe fullfyll and kepe the award arbytrament order rule
+dome and judgement of them the sayd Gregorye Reyvell etc arbytratourers
+indefferently electe and chosen betwene the sayd partyes to arbytrate award etc,
+of in for and uppon almanner of matters accyons suyts grudges trespasse quarrells
+detts and demaunds what so euer they be had moved styrred and in any wyse
+dependynge betwene the sayd partyes, frome ye begynynge of the worlde unto the
+day of makynge heroff for the pacyffyenge wheroff they the sayd arbytratourors
+had takyn uppon them the offyce and aucthoryte of arbytrament at Wygtuysle
+affor sayd and then and there awarded etc, in manner and form foloynge; Fyrste,
+we award etc, that the sayd partyes shall frome hencefurthe be faythefull lovers
+and friends and deale as lovynge nebors ought to do; also we award etc, that the
+sayd Henry Morton and hys heyrs shall at all times herafter haue hold occupye
+and enyoye one parcell of wodd ground wch he haythe heretofore claymed, set
+lyenge and beynge in a place called the nether croft and commonly called the
+cloyghe without let trouble or ympedyment of the sayd Henry Gelot and hys
+heyrs etc; and further we award etc that the sayd Henry Gelot and his heyrs
+shall at all tymes herafter haue hold occupye and enyoye one parcell of land lyenge
+in the nether end of one close called the hallowes, as yt ys now devyded and
+meared by hus, without vexacion let trouble or ympedyment of the sayd Henry
+Morton and Henry Ibotson and ther heyrs etc; and further that all other mears
+and balks shall at all tymes herafter be kept and used contenually as they be now
+appoynted by hus; and further we award that bothe the sayd partyes at all tymes
+herafter in tyme of mast shall gether all the mast that shall fall frome ther own
+trees, where so euer the same shall fortune to fall, without let etc, and that all
+swyne of bothe partyes in mast tyme shall have all ther swyne to go at libertye
+throughe out all the byredole lands, belongynge to the Town of Wygtuysle without
+lett or harme. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 13 � 7, seals missing. <b>Notes</b>: the deed is
+indented, there are no witnesses. Mast is the fruit of beech and forest trees, food
+for swine.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">XIII</div>
+
+<p><b>1568</b> October 24th, in the 10th year of Elizabeth. <b>Grant</b> (Engl) made between
+Vincent Munday of Marketon in the county of Derby esquire and Edward Mundy
+(<i>sic</i>) gentleman, son and heir apparent of the said Vincent, of the one part and
+John Weston of Mackworth in the county aforesaid gentlemen of the other part;
+whereby the aforesaid Vincent and Edward, for and in consideration of the sum
+of three hundred pounds paid to the said Vincent and Edward by the said John
+Weston, delivered gave granted sold bargained released and confirmed to the said
+John Weston and his heirs executors and administrators, all that messuage or
+tenement, with the appurtenances, situate lying and being in The Highe Frith<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+within the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford and being part parcel
+and member of the manor of Alstonefield aforesaid and thereafter named; following
+and more at large expressed; to wit all that messuage farm or tenement called
+Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe, then in the tenure or occupation of
+Raphe Bradburye and Maud his wife: then follows a full description of the outbuildings
+lands etc, with extracts from the deed of covenant of the 15th May 1399
+hereinbefore abstracted and a full copy of which grant is given in the appendix
+hereto. <b>Witnesses</b>: John Walker, Thomas Mundye gent, Thomas Brunt, John
+Oakes yeoman and Thomas Mundy. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 16 � 12, two round seals
+of yellow wax, each 1&frac12; inches in diameter and bearing a cross flory, probably
+not armorial. <b>Notes</b>: photographic reproductions of this deed and the two seals
+are given in the appendix. There is a memorandum endorsed recording the giving
+of possession on the 24th November in the 10th year of Elizabeth in the presence
+of the same witnesses, except John Walker.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Genealogy deduced.</b></p>
+
+<table summary="Genealogy 16" style="border-collapse:collapse;">
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign smcap">Vincent Munday</td>
+<td colspan="2" class="center">=</td>
+<td>......</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td style="width:48%" class="ralign">of Marketon</td>
+<td class="br" style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:2%">&nbsp;</td>
+<td style="width:48%">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="ralign">co Derby esquire</td>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="smcap center">Edward</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">s &amp; h ap gent</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4" class="center">both living 24 Oct 1568</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">XIV</div>
+
+<p>(<b>1625</b>) July 25th, in the 1st year of Charles I. <b>Deed of covenant</b> (Engl) made
+between John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerke on the first
+partye, William Ibotson of Nether Combes in the said county yeoman on the
+second partye and Richard Ibotson of Worral in the said county yeoman on the
+third partye; witnessed that the said John Ibotson for divers good causes and
+considerations him moving did covenant grant conclude and agree to and with the
+said William Ibotson and his heirs by those presents, that he the said John Ibotson
+should and would before the feast day of saint Michael the archangell, then next
+ensuing the date thereof, by his deed of feoffment, by him to be sealed and
+delivered and with &#x201c;liverye of seizen&#x201d; lawfully executed give grant enfeoffe and
+confirm unto the said William Ibotson and his heirs for ever; all that messuage
+or tenement in Wiggtwisle (<i>sic</i>) aforesaid, which was sometime the tenement of
+one Henry Morton deceased; and all houses buildings lands tenements meddowes
+pastures woods under-woods commons comodityes and hereditaments of him the
+said John Ibotson in Wiggtwisle aforesaid, whichever were the lands tenements
+and hereditaments of the said Henry Morton in Wiggtwisle aforesaid, with all
+their appurtenances whatsoever; to the only use and behoofe of the said William
+Ibotson and of his heirs for ever; to the end that the said William Ibotson might
+be adjudged and taken to be perfect tenant of the freehold of all the said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+messuage and other the said premises, until a perfect recovery might be had and
+executed of all the said premises against him the said William Ibotson; and it was
+also covenanted and agreed by and between all the said partyes to those presents
+that a writt of entery <i>sur disseisen in le post</i> should be brought for the said
+premises, at the cost and charge of the said John Ibotson, in the name of the
+said Richard Ibotson, against the said William Ibotson; by the name or names of
+one messuage one garden one orchard an hundred acres of land thirty acres of
+meddowe twenty acres of pasture four acres of wood and forty acres of more
+(moor), with thappurtenances, in Wiggtwisle alias W&#x1e8f;ghtwysill Bradfeild; or by
+such the name or names as to the said John Ibotson should be thought meet and
+convenient, according to the use of common recoveries in such case used; and that
+the said William Ibotson should vouch to warrant the said John Ibotson who
+should enter into the said warranty and vouch over the common vouchee, who
+should appear and make default; also that a perfect recovery may be had and
+judgement thereupon given, in his Majesty&#x2019;s court of common plees at Westminster,
+against the said William Ibotson who should recover in value, against the
+said John Ibotson and the common vouchee, to be in mercye; and it was likewise
+further covenanted etc by and between all the said parties, that after the execution
+thereof of the said recovery, the same should be and enure, and the feoffee
+named in the said feoffment and recoverer named in the said recovery, should at
+and ever after the executing of the said feoffment and at and ever after the said
+recovery, soe had as aforesaid, stand and be seized of the said messuage etc;
+to the only use and behoof of the said John Ibotson and of his heirs and assigns
+for ever, and to noe other use intent or purpose whatsover. <b>Witnesses</b>: Richard
+Ibotson, Will' Woodson, John Potter. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 21 � 10, three seals
+obscure. <b>Notes</b>: John Ibotson signed, the other two were marksmen. It is interesting
+to note that W&#x1e8f;ghtwysill is given as the <i>alias</i> for Wiggtwisle. According
+to Hunter, John was the son of Henry Ibotson of Wightwisle and Mary Morton
+daughter of Henry Morton of Wightwisle, referred to in this deed. John is said
+to have had a living in Norfolk. His eldest daughter Mary married Christopher
+Wilson of Broomhead. William and Richard Ibotson were probably related to
+John whose grandson Charles Wilson was vicar of Sheffield. See F.M.G. vol II,
+page 650.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">XV</div>
+
+<p><b>1625</b> July 30th, in the 1st year of Charles I. <b>Feoffment</b> (Lat) from John Ibotson
+of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerk to William Ibotson of Nether Coombes
+in the said county of York yeoman and his heirs for ever, of all that his messuage
+or tenement in Wigtwisle aforesaid, which then formerly was the tenement of
+Henry Morton, then deceased; and all his outhouses and buildings gardens orchards
+lands tenements meadows pastures woods underwoods rights of common profits<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+and hereditaments in Wigtwisle aforesaid, with their appurtenances; to holdun to
+and to the use of the said William Ibotson his heirs and assigns for ever, of the
+chief lord etc, by services etc; warranty of title. <b>Witnesses</b>: Henry Ibotson,
+William Wodson (the tenant), John P.... <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 12 � 5&frac12;, round
+seal of red wax bears a dolphin, probably not armorial. <b>Notes</b>: there is a good
+signature of &#x201c;John Ibotsone.&#x201d;</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="charternum">XVI</div>
+
+<p><b>1633</b> May 13th, in the 9th year of Charles I. <b>Grant</b> (Engl) made between John
+Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerk of the one part and Christopher
+Willson of Wigtwisle in the said county yeoman of the other part; whereby the
+said John Ibotson, for and in exchange with the said Christopher Willson granted
+etc unto the said Christopher Willson his heirs and assigns for ever, one way for
+passage with drift cart and carriage then or theretofore used and accustomed,
+unto and from a messuage or tenement at Wigtwisle aforesaid then in the occupation
+of William Odeson, through a close of him, the said Christopher Willson,
+called the Walls and thence into and from the nether croft, belonging to the said
+messuage or tenement; to hold the abovesaid way etc, and all the right interest
+and demand of him the said John Ibotson thereto unto and to the use the said
+Christopher Willson his heirs and assigns for ever; warranty of title etc; and the
+said Christopher Willson in lieu and exchange of the above etc, granted etc unto
+the said John Ibotson his heirs and assigns for ever, one like way etc henceforth
+and for ever thereafter to be used, unto and from the said messuage, then in the
+occupation of the said William Odeson, to and from the nether crofts, lee and
+nether hollin carr, belonging to the said messuage, by and &#x201c;thorow&#x201d; the fouldstead
+of the said Christopher Willson on the south side of his house at Wigtwisle
+aforesaid and from thence &#x201c;thorow&#x201d; the nether yeard and so to and from the three
+closes last above mentioned; to hold unto and to the use of him the said John
+Ibotson his heirs and assigns for ever; warranty of title etc. <b>Witnesses</b>: William
+Garlicke, William Odeson. <b>Vellum</b>: one skin 10&frac12; � 9&frac12;, seal missing. <b>Notes</b>:
+both Christopher Willson and William Garlicke, the witness, were sons-in-law of
+John Ibotson, see Hunter&#x2019;s F.M.G. vol II, page 652. The word Wigtwisle when
+used to describe the residence of Christopher Willson has been written on an
+erasure.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 613px;">
+<img src="images/illus_024.png" width="613" height="451" alt="Map of Hawksyard and The Moorlands of Staffordshire." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Map of Hawksyard and The Moorlands of Staffordshire.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="gap2"><a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+<p class="center small">Reprint from <i>Transactions</i> of The Hunter Arch�ological Society.</p>
+
+<p class="center x-large"><b>HAWKSYARD.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center small"><span class="smcap">By</span> T. WALTER HALL, Hon. M.A. (<span class="smcap">Sheffield</span>), F.R.Hist.S.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">Place-names, obvious in their meaning but suggesting a remote origin
+and a forgotten past, attract the historian, if not the philologist.</p>
+
+<p>Hawksyard is one of these; its import is Hawksland but its
+history lies hidden in the records of past centuries; it excites our curiosity
+and quickens our imagination.</p>
+
+<p>We instinctively recall scenes of English sport in bygone days;
+of kings and nobles, knights and ladies, riding across the unfenced country;
+over moorland and waste, through fen and ford, with hooded falcon and
+stooping hawk, enjoying what was for nearly a thousand years the
+national sport of England.</p>
+
+<p>Such a scene was brought to mind by the perusal of two musty
+parchments with imposing seals and faded script, quarried from the
+lower <i>strata</i> of time-worn muniments, in the office of Colonel Brooke
+Taylor of Bakewell.</p>
+
+<p>The earlier of these deeds takes us back to the death of John of
+Gaunt and the resignation of Richard II in the closing year of the 14th
+century; the later one was sealed and delivered in the less tragic days
+of Queen Elizabeth.</p>
+
+<p>They both relate to Hawksyard, situate in that part of The Moorlands
+of Staffordshire known in the middle ages as Highe Frith
+of Malbanc Forest; south of Buxton and east of the church at Newtown
+near Longnor.</p>
+
+<p>The deed of John of Gaunt bears date the 15th May 1399, in bold
+Arabic numerals; it is written in a jargon intended to be Latin and
+measures 15 � 8&frac12; inches; its round pendent seal of green wax has a
+diameter of three and a half inches and is nearly an inch thick. The
+parchment is dark in colour, coarse in texture and much crinkled; the
+writing is not uniform in character, parts being in a flowing hand
+suggesting a date long subsequent to the Plantagenets. The deed begins
+with the word <i>Conventum</i>, meaning a covenant or agreement under
+seal; but, from the concluding paragraph, it was evidently intended to
+operate as a deed of gift or grant in fee simple of the lands called
+Hawksyard.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 651px;">
+<img src="images/illus_027.png" width="651" height="385" alt="1399 May 15th. Deed of Covenant, John of Gaunt to Sir Edward Mundy." title="" />
+<div class="small" style="text-align:left;">Photo Ethel Eadon</div>
+1399 May 15th. <b>Deed of Covenant</b>, John of Gaunt to Sir Edward Mundy.
+</div>
+
+<p>The following is a transcript with the contractions indicated but
+not extended:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Conventum inter Johan' Gaunte Duc' Lancast' quart' fillius Regy'
+Edvardi tert' et Edvardum Mundy de Marton in Comitatu Derb'
+equit' Joh'es Ga'nt Dux Lancast' p'mittebat Domin' Edvard' Mundy
+visere ap'd Marton in Comitat' Derb' p'd q' pariter prestabat Et
+etiam Dominus Edvardus Mundy iterfaciebat Duc' Lancast'
+Comitibusq' ejus in Highe Frith parochia Allstonefield Comitatu
+Staffordi� Cum in eum locum pase (?) publice p'venirent qui
+nuncupatur Lady Edge cujus defugabant (?) excitabant Gallos palust'
+ad quos illico accipitres evertebant apud quos accipitres fuga petebant
+int' illos Limites ut posthac mention's siant hoc Termino qui
+expositus erat Avibus volantibus ultro citroq' ad viam publica' qua
+abduit ab Longnor ad Leeke al' parte circunt quo accipitres pred'am
+apprehendebant parte juxta mediam circuituo juxta convallem Orient'
+Decim' Die May' Ann' Dom' 1399 Quamobre' Joh'es Gaunt ei
+dabat Titulu' nomenq' Hawkesyerd alias Hawksearth propter pred'a
+apprehensa' inter Limit' qui posthac mentionem fit qui non antehac
+nuncupabatur ... Aliquae pauce Fundi Partes que posthac
+mentione' fiunt Viz' alia pars Fundi nuncupatur Harrisons Intake al'
+pars Fundi nuncupat' House-Fielde quo parva vel Domus stabat al'
+pars Fundi nuncup' Little Meadow quae ex part' meridional' inter
+jacet Locu' nuncup' Boothesley Grange al' pars Fundi nuncup'
+Spart (? Spout) Meadow fluvio adjacans erga Occidentam al' pars
+Fund' nuncupat' Killn Croffte fluvio adjac' erga Occidente' al' pars
+Fund' nuncup' Spart (?) al' pars Fundi nuncupat' Rye Pingle erga
+Occidentem sequia secale illo p'senti anno Cresscebat Limes Hawksyerd
+alias Hawksearth jacens positusq' in Highe Frith Parochia
+Allstonefield Comitatuq' Staffordie exposit Johan' Gaunt Duc'
+Lancast' p'd' inter tales Metas qual' posthac mentione' fiunt attin' illi
+soli Domo predi'oq' nuncup' Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth p'd ubi
+est convallis oriental' ejus part' Fluviusq' Curans erga merediem
+juxta Fluvium int' ilium et Locum nuncup' Banke aut al' Over
+boothesley Etiam parte meridional' convallus ... et Fluvius
+currens erga Orient' juxta Fluviu' int' illu' Locumq' nuncup'
+Bauthsley (<i>sic</i>) Grange illaq' ascendit part' meridional' Funi qui
+nuncup' Rye Pingle quia jacet erga Occident' et setendit directe ad
+fugum q'd nuncup' Lady Edge jacens positusq' in Highe Frith
+Parochia Allstonefield Comitatuq' Stafford' et tunc transjugu' q'd
+est erga septentrionem directe ad viam publica' quae abducit ab
+Longnor ad Leeke Etiamq' publica' juxta via' erga Orient' usq'
+du' directe p'venit ad Convalla' Termino Orientali Tractus praedi'i<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+expositus primo Ann' Regni Regis Henrici Quart' assignabat Limat
+vel Expellere includere vel admittere ad Sol' proprium usu' Comodumq'
+illius Domus predi'iq' nuncu'q' Hawksyerd al' Hawksearth p'd
+etiam Libertinuanu' publi' pascu' jusque effodiendi Cespites p'
+Desertu' Domin' Allstonefield Dom' Edvardus Mundy de Marton in
+comitat' Derby (<i>sic</i>) p'd' favore unum suplicabat Joh'es Gaunt Du'
+Lancastriae quem dicebat consideret Si illi esset postestas Dom'
+Edvardus ilium orabat et ei daret predi'u' nuncup' Hawksyerd alias
+Hawksearth p'd' Et Joh'es Gaunt libere Largiebatur et concedebat
+illi et posteris in Aeturnu' Dom' Edvardus Mundy profesiebatur Joh'e
+Gaunt Comitibusq' eum visere apud Castrum Lancast' quo Joh'es
+Gaunt sigillabat Subscribebat et in potestatem Domin' Edvardi
+Mundy Premis' tot' tradebat decimo quint' Die May Anno D'm' 1399
+coram William Stanley Gent John Porter Gent' James Lewis Gent'
+Wi'm Stanley Gent' Tho's Mundy Gent' John Thornicroft Attorney.</p></div>
+
+<p>It is not easy to give a true interpretation of this unconventional deed;
+the operative part, which should be clear and precise, being vague and
+inconclusive. The following is what may be accepted as a free translation
+conveying a general idea of the purport and effect of the deed:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>An Agreement between John Gaunte duke of Lancaster, fourth son
+of King Edward the third and Edward Mundy of Marton [Markeaton]
+in the county of Derby knight. John Gaunt (<i>sic</i>) went himself
+to visit Sir Edward Mundy at Marton in the county of Derby aforesaid
+... and Sir Edward Mundy made a journey with the duke
+of Lancaster and his attendants into Highe Frith in the parish of
+Alstonefield in the county of Stafford; when they arrived at that
+piece of public ground [? the common or moorland waste of the
+manor] which was called Lady Edge, from which moorcock [both
+red and black grouse] were frequently driven away and from whence
+hawks were let loose and flown within such boundaries as were
+thereinafter mentioned, to this boundary which was free and open
+for birds flying backwards and forwards near the public road, which
+led from Longnor to Leek. In the part of the circle in which the
+hawks took [the grouse] near the middle circuit next the east clough,
+on the 10th day of May 1399: for this reason John Gaunt gave it the
+title and name of Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth, because of the
+game being taken within its limits, thereinafter mentioned, which
+place was not theretofore named, some other pieces of land, which
+after that were made mention, to wit, part of a piece of land called
+Harrisons Intake, part of a piece of land called House Fielde, on which
+a small shed or house was standing, part of a piece of land called
+Little Meadow, which on the south lay between a place called<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+Boothesley Grange and part of a piece of land called Rye Meadow
+following the stream pointing west, part of a piece of land called
+Killn Croffte adjoining the stream, thence west, part of a piece
+of land called Spart (?) Meadow, part of a piece of land called Rye
+Pingle, thence west following the rye of that year then growing. The
+boundary of Hawksyard otherwise Hawksearth, lying and being in
+Highe Frith in the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford
+set out by John Gaunte duke of Lancaster aforesaid, between such
+bounds as were thereinafter mentioned, were set out for that house
+only; and the land called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid,
+where there is a clough at the east end of it and a purling
+stream, thence south following the stream between that and a place
+called Banke or otherwise Over Boothesley; also on the south side, a
+clough and stream ran, thence east next the stream, between that
+place called Bauthsley (<i>sic</i>) Grange and ascending on the south of
+the piece of land which is called Rye Pingle, thence west leading
+direct to the high ridge which is called Lady Edge, lying and being
+in Highe Frithe in the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford;
+and then across the ridge which is north direct to the public road,
+which led from Longnor to Leeke; and also along the public road
+thence east it passed straight to the east end of the clough. The
+full extent of the said land, in the 1st year of the reign of King
+Henry IV, was marked out and set to limits either to expel, keep in
+or admit, to the only proper use and advantage of that house called
+Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid; and also the liberty to
+dig turf in the public meadow and wastes of the lordship of Alstonefield.
+Sir Edward Mundy of Marton in the county of Derby aforesaid
+prayed for one favour of John Gaunt duke of Lancaster, which he
+[John] said he would consider if to him it were possible. Sir Edward
+asked him and he [John] to him gave the said place called Hawksyerd
+otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid and John Gaunt did freely give and
+grant it to him and his descendants forever. Sir Edward Mundy then
+went with his attendants to John Gaunt to see him at Lancaster
+Castle which [agreement] John Gaunt sealed and subscribed; and
+into the control of Sir Edward Mundy, all the before mentioned was
+handed over on the 15th day of May 1399 In the presence of William
+Stanley Gent, John Porter Gent, James Lewis Gent, Wi'm Stanley
+Gent, Thomas Mundy Gent, John Thornicroft Attorney.</p></div>
+
+<p>If this deed correctly records the facts, we must infer that John of
+Gaunt owned lands in north Staffordshire between Longnor and Leek;
+and that they probably formed part of the lands belonging to the duchy of
+Lancaster. We learn that his friend Sir Edward Mundy of Markeaton,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+twenty miles away to the south-east, invited the duke to visit him there;
+a hawking party being arranged on the 10th May 1399 by Sir Edward
+for the entertainment of his royal guest; one of the highest points of
+The Moorlands, known as Lady Edge, nearly 1500 feet above the sea,
+where grouse were always to be found, was selected as the trysting place.
+The party would ride from Markeaton across the open country to Lady
+Edge, and they appear to have had good sport. Probably John of Gaunt
+and his friends from Markeaton watched the hawking from the top of
+Lady Edge and the undulating land which lies between Lady Edge and
+Hawksyard, the quarry being taken within a distance of half a mile
+to the north-east. So pleased was the duke, that he honoured the place
+where the hawks took their quarry by giving it the name of Hawksyard
+otherwise Hawksearth; a place which before then was unnamed. The
+deed also states that before the duke left Markeaton, Sir Edward asked
+him as a personal favour to give Hawksyard to Sir Edward and that the
+duke promised to consider the request. Apparently Sir Edward returned
+with the duke to Lancaster, as a few days later the duke is stated to
+have sealed and subscribed this deed at Lancaster Castle and delivered it
+into the hands of Sir Edward on the 15th May 1399. The metes and
+bounds are fully set forth in the deed, which also records that the
+boundaries were marked out on the land in the 1st year of Henry IV.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 570px;">
+<img src="images/illus_032.png" width="570" height="437" alt="1568 October 24th. Grant from Vincent and Edward Munday to John Weston." title="" />
+<div class="small" style="text-align:left;">Photo Ethel Eadon</div>
+1568 October 24th. <b>Grant</b> from Vincent and Edward Munday to John Weston.
+</div>
+
+<p>The second deed bears date the 24th October 1568 written in the
+same bold Arabic numerals as in the earlier deed; but the later deed is in
+English and measures 16 � 12 inches, it has two round seals of yellow
+wax, each of a diameter of one and a half inches; the impression on
+these seals does not appear to be armorial but they both bear the same
+form of cross; the parchment and make-up are in all respects similar
+to the deed of 1399 and the signatures of Vincent Mundy and his son
+are written in the same hand as the deed, which was not unusual in the
+16th century.</p>
+
+<p class="gap2">The following is an abstract of the grant from Vincent Mundy and
+his son Edward to John Weston.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>An Indenture made the 24th day of October, in the 10th year of
+Elizabeth and in the year of the Lord 1568 Between Vincent
+Munday of Marketon in the countye of Derbye esquire and Edward
+Mundy (<i>sic</i>) gentleman, son and heir apparent of the said Vincent, of
+the one part and John Weston of Mackworth in the county aforesaid
+gentleman of the other part; whereby the aforesaid Vincent and
+Edward, for and in consideration of the sum of three hundred pounds
+of lawful money of England, to the aforesaid Vincent and Edward
+in hand paid by the said John Weston, whereof they confessed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+themselves to be fully satisfied and paid and the said John Weston
+and his heirs executors and administrators to be thereof acquitted
+and discharged for ever by those presents; had delivered given
+granted sold bargained released and by those present writings confirmed
+to the aforesaid John Weston and his heirs executors and
+administrators, all that their messuage or tenement, with the appurtenances,
+situate lying and being in the Highe Frith within the parish
+of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford; and being part parcel and
+member of the mannor of Alstonefield aforesaid and hereafter named,
+following and more at large expressed; to wit, all that messuage farm
+or tenement called Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe, then in
+the tenure or occupation of Raphe Bradburye and Maud his wife;
+and also all and singular houses outhouses cottages barns edifices
+buildings orchards gardens meadows pastures lands and arable lands
+commons woods underwoods, free liberties or commoninge and turbarye
+throughout the waste of the aforesaid manor, priviledges profits and
+commodities whatsoever, with all and singular the appurtenances to
+the said messuage or tenement in anywise lyeing appertaininge or
+belonginge; or any thing standing or at any time theretofore
+accepted used occupied or perceived, together with the said messuage
+or tenement or any of them, by any tenant before named their
+prior tenants or as part parcel and member of or as belonging to
+the said messuage or tenement or by whatsoever name or names
+it was commonly called or known, and all the estate etc; and
+moreover all rent and yearly profits whatsoever, reserved on any
+demise grant or copye of the premises, by any person or persons
+theretofore made or committed; to have hold and enjoy the same
+to the said John Weston his heirs executors administrators and assigns
+for ever; and likewise priviledges profits and commodities whatsoever,
+which John Gaunt the duke of Lancaster the fourth son of
+King Edward the third did give and grant unto Sir Edward Mundaye
+(<i>sic</i>) of Marketon in the county of Derby knight, the compass set by
+him the said John Gaunt betwixt those marks as were thereafter
+mentioned (that was to say) a clough at the east end of the said
+premises and a pearle of water which runns southewarde betwixt
+and a place called the Banke or otherwise Over Boothesleye; also a
+clough and a water, which runns eastward betwixt and a place
+which is called Boothesleye Grange and so it goes up close bye
+the water side pointinge westwards and so it goes up after the southe
+side of a piece of grounde which is called the Rye Pingle, from
+thence streight up to the top of the Hill which is called the Lady
+Edge, situate lyeinge and beinge in the Highe Frithe within the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+parish of Alstonefield aforesaid and countye of Stafforde aforesaid
+and from thence streight to the Highe Road, that goes betwixt
+Longenor and Leek, pointeinge northeward and so it goes down
+bye the roade side untill it comes directlye against that cloughe
+at the east end; withe free libertye to drive off enclose or take
+inn, so farr as the compass aforementioned extends; to the onlye
+proper use and behoofe of that one messuage or farme called
+Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe aforesaid, likewise free
+libertye of commoninge and turbarie throughout the waste of the mannor
+of Alstonefield aforesaid; and they did therefore deliver to the said
+John Weston his heirs and assigns full and peaceable possession etc.
+The witnesses were John Walker, Thomas Mundye gent, Thomas
+Brunt, John Oakes yeoman and Thomas Mundy (<i>sic</i>);</p></div>
+
+<p>In this deed there is an evident desire on the part of the draftsman to
+strengthen and even to extend the rights and privileges appurtenant to
+the Hawksyard estate, which then included a house of considerable
+importance, occupied by Ralph Bradbury and Maud his wife. Towards
+the end of the deed a belated attempt at a recital of the earlier John of
+Gaunt deed is added, with extracts giving the full description of the
+boundaries; and this earlier deed is treated as the root of title to
+Hawksyard.</p>
+
+<p>The question and the only question we have to consider is whether
+these two deeds give us a true account of the origin and early history
+of the place-name Hawksyard? At first sight it would appear that
+they do; but unfortunately there is much in the earlier deed to arouse
+suspicion. It is not that the story of John of Gaunt&#x2019;s visit to
+Highe Frith is improbable, on the contrary he rebuilt and occupied
+Tutbury Castle twenty miles away; nor is there any reason to think
+that in those days Sir Edward Mundy would hesitate to ask the duke
+for a few acres of rough moorland waste, as a memento of a red-letter
+day in the history of the Mundy family. Perhaps such a request, under
+the circumstances, constituted true politeness in the middle ages; or he
+may have wished to commemorate the day by building a house on the
+land to bear the name Hawksyard; but, however probable these
+surmises may be, there are many things in this alleged deed of gift
+which suggest a date much later than the reign of Richard II and
+cast a doubt as to its <i>bona fides</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In the first place it is obvious that the date 15th May 1399 cannot
+be correct, as John of Gaunt died in January or February 1398; further
+the deed states that the duke visited Highe Frith on the 10th May
+1399, which was impossible; and it is perhaps equally surprising to find
+that a deed, dated in the reign of Richard II, should refer to the first<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+year of Henry IV, whose reign had not then begun and might never
+have occurred.</p>
+
+<p>These impossible dates require explanation, but our difficulties do
+not end with dates; the writing in the John of Gaunt deed is not
+characteristic of the period, it is not uniform throughout, the body of
+the deed being written in characters of the rugged native script, the names
+of the witnesses being added in a flowing Italian hand of the Elizabethan
+period. Attention should also be called to the fact, that of the five
+witnesses in whose presence the duke is said to have affixed his seal,
+not one of them was above the rank of gentleman. The seal is impressed
+with a hunting horn, suggestive of forest heraldry, but the royal arms of
+the son of Edward III do not appear on this seal; and, if the hunting
+horn is in its proper heraldic position, the point of the shield is at the top.</p>
+
+<p>As above stated, the form of the deed is unusual and follows no
+precedent; many words are more suggestive of the classics than the
+customary usage of diplomatics in the 14th century. <i>Equitem</i> takes
+the place of the more conventional <i>militem</i>; <i>nuncupatur</i> is used instead
+of <i>vocat</i> and <i>coram</i> instead of <i>testibus</i>. Each of the first four witnesses
+is described as gent and the last as attorney, while Derby is written
+once in English; further, the exact legal effect of the deed seems to
+be intentionally vague; it is headed <i>conventum</i>, meaning a covenant, but
+in the subsequent deed of 1568 it is referred to as a grant. The full
+description of the land in the later deed, with all its boundaries and
+appurtenant rights, suggests that the Elizabethan draftsman had some
+doubt as to the true facts; these details being apparently exploited with
+some ulterior intent.</p>
+
+<p>In comparing the size make-up and general appearance of the
+two deeds, it is impossible not to see in them a strong resemblance;
+they are both typical of the time of Elizabeth, the deed of 1399 is
+too large and too coarse for a charter of that date. The fact that one
+is in Latin and the other in English makes the comparison less easy;
+but in both we find similar parchment ink and seals; the script is much
+the same in both deeds, each having the dates written in the same bold
+Arabic numerals; and the later recites the earlier deed.</p>
+
+<p>It would not be difficult to find other points of resemblance between
+these deeds; and it is impossible to compare them without coming to
+the conclusion that they were prepared at the same time by the same
+person, with the definite object of making a good title to the Hawksyard
+property, on the sale to John Weston.</p>
+
+<p>This forces us to the conclusion that the John of Gaunt deed is
+not altogether trustworthy; and we have to consider whether or not
+the information it contains, with regard to the origin of the place-name<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
+Hawksyard, can be relied on; or if we must treat its whole contents
+as pure fiction and entirely discredit all it tells us of the hawking party
+in Highe Frith.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 478px;">
+<img src="images/illus_037.png" width="478" height="463" alt="Seal of 15th May 1399." title="" />
+<b>Seal</b> of 15th May 1399.
+</div>
+
+<p>There must be some explanation of this extraordinary deed; and it
+may yet be possible to find a solution of the problem. Here is the deed!
+How can we account for it? How much of what it tells us may we accept
+as truth? To what extent is its story supported by extraneous evidence?</p>
+
+<p>The points as to which we require information are; whether John
+of Gaunt was in a position to give and grant lands in the Highe Frith
+to Sir Edward Mundy or had he only the rights of an overlord? Why
+did he hesitate before complying with Sir Edward&#x2019;s request? Was he
+in doubt as to whether the land were his to give or whether he held
+as tenant <i>in capite</i>? Did he execute a deed of gift or did the gift
+rest on a verbal promise, Sir Edward taking possession of the lands
+and converting them to his own use? Did the lawyer of 1568, who
+carried through the sale to Weston, act <i>ex fide bona</i> and endeavour,
+according to his lights and the practice of his time, to put the title to
+Hawksyard in order, for the mutual benefit of both vendor and purchaser?</p>
+
+<p>For answers to these questions we must return to the days of John
+of Gaunt.</p>
+
+<p>In 1398 Richard II, seeing that his uncle John of Gaunt was in
+failing health and that John&#x2019;s son, Henry Bolingbroke earl of Hereford,
+might press his claim to the throne of England in case of Richard&#x2019;s
+death without issue, took advantage of a quarrel between Bolingbroke
+and the duke of Norfolk, in which each accused the other of treason,
+to banish them both from the realm.</p>
+
+<p>The loss of his son fell heavily on John of Gaunt, who died at the
+end of January or the beginning of February 1398; and it is important to
+bear in mind that the year 1399 began on the 25th March and not
+the 1st January.</p>
+
+<p>Richard, being free for a time from the menace of the House of
+Lancaster, seized the whole of the Lancastrian estates in the absence
+of the banished heir and crossed to Ireland to complete his conquests
+and strengthen his hold on that country.</p>
+
+<p>During Richard&#x2019;s absence in Ireland the banished Henry, hearing
+the news of his father&#x2019;s death and the confiscation of the Lancastrian
+estates, landed on the Yorkshire coast with a few trusted friends and
+three thousand men-at-arms.</p>
+
+<p>He was at once joined by the great barons of the north and with
+an army, which increased as it advanced, he ultimately reached London;
+where he was well received by the people, who were tired of Richard
+and looked to Henry as their future king.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On hearing the news of Henry&#x2019;s return Richard, after much delay
+through rough weather, recrossed the Irish Channel to Milford Haven,
+only to find that both his friends and his armies in England had melted
+away and that his kingdom was lost.</p>
+
+<p>He was forced by Henry and his supporters to resign his crown
+and, in Westminster Hall on the 29th September 1399, his resignation
+was received with shouts of applause; on the following day his cousin
+Henry Bolingbroke, son and heir of John of Gaunt, was proclaimed King
+of England as Henry IV.</p>
+
+<p>On Henry&#x2019;s accession he regained the estates of the duchy of
+Lancaster, which however remained in his hands as crown property.</p>
+
+<p>The above events and the dates on which they occurred are of
+importance in considering the two Hawksyard deeds; and if we are to
+understand how and why they came into existence, we must also trace
+the early history of Highe Frith and learn something of the conditions
+then prevailing as to the holding and devolution of landed estates in
+England; more especially with regard to earldoms honours and manors,
+which formed the basis of the feudal system.</p>
+
+<p>When we clearly understand the way in which land in England was
+held in pre-reformation days, it will perhaps be possible to see whether
+the facts set forth in the deed of gift of the 15th May 1399 were consistent
+with the early history of the manor of Alstonefield; and whether John
+of Gaunt was shortly before his death in a legal position to comply
+with the request of Sir Edward Mundy.</p>
+
+<p>As already stated Hawksyard was in Highe Frith, part of the
+manor of Alstonefield, and a manor was an estate in fee simple in a
+tract of land granted by the sovereign to a subject, usually a man of
+some consequence, in consideration of certain services.</p>
+
+<p>He was the lord of the manor and he reserved for his own use
+such parts of the land as he required, which were called the demesne
+lands; other parts he granted out to his tenants, under varying conditions
+which included estates of inheritance, estates for life, for years and at
+will; the barren lands which remained in his hands were what was known
+as the commons and wastes of the manor or the foreign lands. The
+whole formed a manor or lordship which had its own courts and customs
+and enjoyed feudal privileges, which extended not only to the lands
+held by tenants but also to the commons and waste lands.</p>
+
+<p>When many manors, perhaps extending into several counties, were
+held by one great baron or overlord they formed an honour which was
+held of the king <i>in capite</i>; this was quite different in character to the
+manor. It was a jurisdiction, vested in private hands, and not a territorial
+possession; the lords of the manors retaining their separate manorial
+organisation and rendering suit and service to their overlord.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Manors also formed part of the earldom or shire; for some time after
+the conquest an earl also had the title of count and from the counts
+the shires took the name of counties. The title however soon disappeared
+in England but we still retain countess, county and viscount.</p>
+
+<p>When a great earldom honour or manor fell by forfeiture or escheat
+into the hands of the sovereign which constantly happened, it retained its
+distinct corporate existence and the whole apparatus of jurisdiction or
+tenure. Under its own title it either continued in the possession of the
+sovereign or was granted out again as a hereditary fief.</p>
+
+<p>The manor of Alstonefield appears to have been included in different
+earldoms and different honours at different dates, prior to the time when
+it came into the hands of John of Gaunt and his first wife&#x2019;s ancestors.</p>
+
+<p>At the taking of the Domesday survey in 1086, Alstonefield manor
+was held as a knight&#x2019;s fee by Robert count of Shrewsbury with William
+de Malbanc under him as lord of the manor. The Shrewsbury overlordship
+did not last long and Alstonefield, which seems to have been much
+in request, possibly owing to its grouse moor, was transferred to the
+honour of Chester under Hugh Lupus; to whom William had, three
+years after the conquest, given the earldom of Chester and William
+de Malbanc, of Wich Malbanc now Nantwich, held the position of lord
+marcher under Lupus, so that the lordship of Alstonefield formed part of
+the marchlands or boundaries of the honour of Chester on the east,
+over which William de Malbanc would have supreme control as lord of
+the marches.</p>
+
+<p>That part of the manor which lay between Leek and the river Dove,
+including the site of Hawksyard, was chiefly forest and moorland; shortly
+after the conquest and for many centuries after, it was known as Malbanc
+Forest; but in 1220 the Malbanc barony devolved on three co-heiresses,
+who held Alstonefield in co-parcenary.</p>
+
+<p>On the forfeiture of a third share by the eldest daughter, then
+countess of Warwick, it came into the possession of Hugh le Despencer,
+though how he got it is not clear, and this share included the tract of
+barren moorland known as Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest.</p>
+
+<p>In 1297, on the death of Edmund earl of Lancaster, the King&#x2019;s
+Escheator held an inquisition at Tutbury for the county of Lancaster,
+to ascertain what knight&#x2019;s fees were due to the earl; the jury found
+<i>inter alia</i> that Hugh le Despencer held one knight&#x2019;s fee in the manor
+of Altonesfelt (Alstonefield) worth yearly in homages etc. �10. &#x201c;Nomina
+Villarum&#x201d; 1316 gives Hugh le Despencer and Nicholas de Audeleye
+as owners of Alstonefield, a vill in the liberty of the earl of Lancaster,
+who had the return of all writs.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In 1322 the estates of le Despencer were forfeited to the crown
+and subsequently bestowed by Edward III on Henry earl of Lancaster,
+grandfather of Blanche the wife of John of Gaunt.</p>
+
+<p>It may be helpful here to recall how John of Gaunt was created
+duke of Lancaster and became possessed of the Lancastrian estates,
+extending into Cheshire, Staffordshire and other counties.</p>
+
+<p>The first earl of Lancaster was Edmund called Crouchback second
+son of Henry III; in addition to his Lancastrian estates, his father
+bestowed on him the earldoms of Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, Salisbury
+and Chester.</p>
+
+<p>These passed on his death in 1296 to his eldest son Thomas earl
+of Lancaster, who was beheaded at Pontefract in 1322 when his estates
+were forfeited to the crown.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> His widow was allowed to retain the
+Salisbury estate; and the other four earldoms were bestowed on his
+brother Henry earl of Lancaster, to whom one third share of Alstonefield
+manor was also given, so that he possessed not only the Lancastrian
+estates but also the earldoms of Derby (including the honour of Tutbury),
+Leicester, Lincoln, Chester and the territorial interest of a third of the
+manor of Alstonefield, including Malbanc Forest; of which Highe
+Frith was waste of the manor.</p>
+
+<p>Henry earl of Lancaster was succeeded by his son Henry, afterwards
+first duke of Lancaster, who had no son; of his two daughters, Maud
+married William of Bavaria and Blanche married John of Gaunt. Maud
+died without issue, whereupon the whole of the Lancastrian estates
+devolved on Blanche; and, in right of his wife, on her husband John
+of Gaunt, who was in 1362 created duke of Lancaster.</p>
+
+<p>It will be remembered that the seal attached to the deed of gift
+of the 15th May 1399 bears a hunting horn; and in order to find some
+explanation of this seal it may be necessary to glance for a moment
+at the history of the honour of Tutbury, which as we have seen was
+included in the earldom of Derby and passed to John of Gaunt
+with that earldom.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 603px;">
+<img src="images/illus_043.png" width="603" height="486" alt="The Tutbury Horn, from a photograph in the reference library at Sheffield.
+" title="" />
+<b>The Tutbury Horn</b>, from a photograph in the reference library at Sheffield.
+</div>
+
+<p>About the end of the 13th century, the important office of escheator
+and coroner throughout the whole honour of Tutbury within the county
+of Stafford, was claimed by Walter Agard who demanded to hold office
+by right of inheritance; but he was unable to produce any written
+evidence in support of his claim; and in lieu of charters or writings,
+he produced a white hunting horn garnished with silver-gilt in the middle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+and at both ends, to which was affixed a girdle of black silk adorned
+with buckles of silver, on which was placed the <i>insignia</i> of Edmund
+earl of Lancaster; this horn was offered and accepted as the charter and
+evidence of title to the office of escheator and coroner, to which he made
+claim.</p>
+
+<p>It is not necessary to follow the devolution of the Tutbury Horn
+from Walter Agard; but in the 17th century, on the marriage of an
+heiress of Agard, it passed to the Stanhopes, who sold it with its offices in
+1753 to Samuel Foxlow of Staveley Hall, from him it ultimately passed
+to Henry Marwood Greaves of Banner Cross, Sheffield, and Ford Hall,
+Derbyshire, who once only exercised the right of appointment; and on
+his death in 1859 his eldest son William Henry Greaves, who had
+assumed the surname of Greaves-Bagshawe in 1853, succeeded to the
+horn by inheritance, and appointed the next succeeding coroner. We
+shall have to consider whether the pendent seal of the alleged deed of
+gift can in any way be accounted for by the fact, that the honour of
+Tutbury was part of the duchy of Lancaster prior to John of Gaunt&#x2019;s
+death.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 590px;">
+<img src="images/illus_044.png" width="590" height="428" alt="Seals of 24th October 1568." title="" />
+<b>Seals</b> of 24th October 1568.
+</div>
+
+<p>Let us now turn to the other party to the deed of gift, Sir Edward
+Mundy.</p>
+
+<p>In Burke&#x2019;s &#x201c;Commoners of England&#x201d; 1836, it is suggested that the
+Mundy family derived its name from Mondaye Abbey in the dukedom
+of Normandy; and it may be, that Sir Edward Mundy or his father
+fought with John of Gaunt in the wars with France and Spain.</p>
+
+<p>It seems probable, from what we find in the earlier deed, that the
+duke and Sir Edward were close personal friends; and it may possibly
+have been through the influence of John of Gaunt, that Sir Edward
+Mundy or his father settled near Derby. However that may be, we
+are told that Sir Edward entertained the duke at Markeaton and returned
+with him to Lancaster Castle.</p>
+
+<p>Vincent Mundy of Markeaton was a justice of the peace for the
+county of Derby in 1558 and his son Edward died in 1607.</p>
+
+<p>Burke also tells us that &#x201c;from old deeds in existence it appears
+that the family held lands in the year 1399&#x201d;; it may be and seems highly
+probable that he was referring to the deed of gift and the grant above
+described, to which he presumably had access and gave credence.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand the two Lysons, in their work on Derbyshire,
+say that the Mundys did not buy the Markeaton property until the
+beginning of the sixteenth century. Perhaps at that date they added
+to their original holding?</p>
+
+<p>We now have some idea of how matters stood in 1399 and 1568;
+we are therefore in a better position to consider whether the deeds of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
+Richard II and Elizabeth can be relied on as giving the origin and
+early history of the place-name Hawksyard.</p>
+
+<p>Assuming for the moment that the two deeds were prepared at
+the same time and by the same hand, it is necessary to consider the
+position as it presented itself to the attorney, who in 1568 was instructed
+to carry out the sale of Hawksyard to John Weston. He possibly may
+have acted for both vendor and purchaser and been anxious to do his
+best for both his clients. He would, on receiving his instructions, ask
+the vendor for his title deeds; the answer would presumably be that
+there were no such deeds; but it was probably well known in the
+vendor&#x2019;s family and possibly also to John Weston, that Hawksyard
+had been given to Sir Edward Mundy by John of Gaunt shortly before
+his death, after enjoying a day&#x2019;s hawking in Highe Frith, the tradition
+of which would hang round The Moorlands for centuries; perhaps letters
+or diaries would be produced with sufficient detail to satisfy the purchaser
+of the truth of the tradition.</p>
+
+<p>The attorney would perhaps be in doubt, whether this traditional
+gift was a grant of the fee simple or a mere sporting right over certain
+waste lands belonging to the manor of Alstonefield, part of the duchy;
+which right would be what is known as a right of common in gross.
+The vendors were doubtless in actual possession and their ancestors
+had held it for nearly two hundred years; under circumstances such as
+these the Courts of Common Law, in the absence of the tradition, would
+have assumed a lost grant, made prior to the reign of Richard I, which
+is supposed to be equivalent to immemorial user; but the family tradition
+as to John of Gaunt fixes the lost grant in the reign of Richard II, which
+would not support a claim by immemorial user. Under these circumstances
+and in the absence of any title deeds, the attorney seems to have
+taken upon himself the responsibility of creating a root of title, based
+on the tradition and possibly what he considered satisfactory recorded
+evidence; in doing this he exercised neither artfulness nor skill. He
+hesitated whether to make it an agreement or a grant, he neglected to
+use the 14th century common form of such a document, he blundered
+sadly in the dates, and he referred in the deed, which he dated in the
+reign of Richard II, to a reign which had not then begun. There would
+be a difficulty as to the witnesses, and it may be that those named were
+taken from some deed of 1399 to which he had access, notwithstanding
+the fact that these five witnesses were not suitable or likely witnesses
+for the sealing by John of Gaunt; there was also the difficulty of the
+seal, and as probably no seal of John of Gaunt was available, a forest
+seal, perhaps of the honour of Tutbury, was used; Alstonefield manor
+being within that honour, and the deed of the 15th May 1399 was the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+result; which did well enough to hand to the purchaser, as the root
+of title to Hawksyard, along with his conveyance from Vincent Mundy
+and his son. Even if the parties to the transaction knew of what was
+being done they would doubtless be well pleased to have the John of
+Gaunt tradition put on record; and the enterprising attorney would
+probably be thanked and well paid for his trouble and resource. There
+does not appear to have been any fraudulent intention to improperly
+acquire any land or other benefit, though such a counterfeit in these days
+would be fraught with risk to all parties concerned; but in the time
+of Elizabeth, the law of real property rested less on statute and more
+on the unwritten law; which was interpreted and applied loosely and
+without supervision.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> The effect of this <i>ex post facto</i> apograph was
+twofold and benefited both sides. The vendors put on permanent record
+their treasured family tradition and the purchaser got a root of title,
+which might be of value to him in case of re-sale. It would be interesting
+to know why the Mundys barred the entail and sold Hawksyard, with its
+sporting tradition; it may have been that the chancellor of the duchy
+had, at a then recent date, raised the question as to whether the Mundy
+family originally had an estate in fee simple or a right of common in
+gross; and that they as owners thought they would act wisely in selling to
+a purchaser for value.</p>
+
+<p>Whatever the reason may have been for the sale of Hawksyard
+in 1568, it passed by the deed of Elizabeth from the Mundy family
+to John Weston of Mackworth, and is now held and enjoyed under
+prescriptive right, which makes its past history of little consequence,
+so far as the present owner, Mr Robert Shirley of Waterhouse Farm,
+near Longnor, is concerned.</p>
+
+<p>His numerous deeds and papers relating to Hawksyard include an
+abstract of title beginning in the 14th year of Elizabeth (10th July 1572),
+when John Weston and Katherine his wife sold Hawksyard to Ralph
+Bradbury who, as appears from the grant to John Weston, was in 1568
+the tenant of Hawksyard; so that John Weston owned the property for
+less than four years and then sold it to his tenant Ralph Bradbury,
+who in May 1573 settled it on his younger son Otwell.</p>
+
+<p>Forty-two years later, on the 11th May 1615, Otwell Bradbury
+and Ralph his son and heir sold Hawksyard to Henry Cock for �400.
+For many years the estate remained in the possession of the Cock<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+family, who sold it to Ralph Wood of Leek Abbey, the Cistercian
+monastery Dieu-la-Cresse, and on the 5th April 1800 Hawksyard passed
+into the possession of John Shirley of Rewlach, the great grandfather
+of the present owner.</p>
+
+<p>In 1850 some closes, part of Hawksyard, lying on the west side
+of the road leading from Newtown to Warslow, were exchanged for
+adjacent closes, part of the late Sir John Harpur Crewe&#x2019;s estates. With
+this exception, the Hawksyard estate seems to follow the boundaries
+set forth in the deed of 1399, and Harrison&#x2019;s Intake, Low Meadow, Rye
+Meadow, Kiln Croft and Spout Field of that date still exist and appear
+in the description of the lands in the 19th century title deeds. On the
+front of the house are two dates, one above the other, the lower one
+is &#x201c;H C 1620&#x201d; and the upper one is &#x201c;H C 1784&#x201d;; both these dates occur
+during the ownership of the Cock family, and the initials &#x201c;H C&#x201d; probably
+indicate Henry Cock.</p>
+
+<p>Hawksyard of to-day is a substantial farmstead of eighty acres, with
+a good house and farm buildings occupied by Mr Shirley&#x2019;s son Edwin
+Leslie Shirley; it is bounded on every side by lands of Sir Vauncey
+Harpur Crewe of Calke Abbey and Warslow Hall, but it has never
+formed part of the encircling Harpur estate, which we may assume
+was crown property; and the grant to the Harpurs of these surrounding
+lands may have given rise to a discussion as to the Hawksyard title, and
+possibly suggested to the Mundys the desirability of the sale to Weston.
+If the surrounding lands were granted by the crown, leaving Hawksyard
+an isolated and independent holding, there seems to have been a recognition
+of the Mundy title and a strong vindication of the Hawksyard tradition.</p>
+
+<p>Of the places referred to in the deeds, Boothesley (now spelt Boosley)
+Grange still stands; Bank or Over Boothesley is now Bank House and
+the &#x201c;pearle of water&#x201d; is Boosley Brook. Highe Frith and Malbanc
+Forest are not on the ordnance map and are almost forgotten in the
+district; but Lady Edge is still in daily use, and the existence to-day
+of these medieval place-names seems to strengthen the probability of the
+story of John of Gaunt&#x2019;s visit to the Highe Frith.</p>
+
+<p>If ramblers on foot and on wheels, when passing the east end of
+the church and the adjoining school of Newtown, will stop for a
+moment to glance down on Hawksyard, two fields to the east and
+up to Lady Edge half a mile to the south-west; it will not be difficult to
+reconstruct the scene of the hawking, when</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>
+&#x201c;Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster&#x201d;<br />
+</p></div>
+
+<p>visited Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest more than five centuries ago
+and first gave the name Hawksyard.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter gap2" style="width: 115px;">
+<img src="images/illus_050.png" width="115" height="155" alt="Sheffield" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnotes gap2"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> It may be of interest to mention, that in 1867 while ridging potatoes in a field at Boosley Grange,
+known as Boosley Folly Meadow, a number of silver medieval coins were found, which had presumably
+been lost or hidden in the difficult times through which The Moorlands passed, during the fierce
+struggle between Edward II and his cousin Thomas the great earl of Lancaster; who in his headlong
+flight from Tutbury Castle up the valley of the Dove lost a military chest containing over 100,000
+similar coins, English, Scotch and Flemish, in the river, which was found in 1831, embedded deep in
+the mud at the ford below the castle.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> The reverend Joseph Hunter, in a Memoir on the ancient family of Wilson of Broomhead Hall,
+Bradfield, published in <i>The Yorkshire Arch�ological and Topographical Journal</i> volume v. calls
+attention to what he describes as a surreptitious Bradfield deed, dated in the feast of saint Martin in
+winter (11th November) 22 Richard II and anno domini 1399; whereas the feast of saint Martin 1399 was
+not in the reign of Richard II but in the first year of Henry IV; he further points out that even if the
+news of the accession of Henry had not reached the wilds of Bradfield by the 11th November, the feast
+of saint Martin 1399 would have fallen in the 23rd year of Richard II and not the 22nd, as stated
+in the deed.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="bbox gap2" style="padding:0.5em;">
+<h3>Transcribers&#x2019; Notes</h3>
+
+<p>General: No attempt has been made to standardise spelling within the
+charters; they are rendered as in the original text.</p>
+
+<p>Page 28: Hawsksyard corrected to Hawksyard after &#x201c;In 1850 some closes,
+part of&#x201d;</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,2022 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the 17th
+century, by Thomas Walter Hall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the 17th century
+       A descriptive catalogue of land charters and other documents
+       forming the Brooke Taylor collection
+
+Author: Thomas Walter Hall
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2011 [EBook #37130]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHEFFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
+Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
+images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Sheffield and its environs 13th to the 17th century
+
+
+A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF
+
+Land Charters & Other Documents
+
+
+FORMING THE BROOKE TAYLOR COLLECTION
+
+
+RELATING TO THE OUTLYING DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD
+
+
+WITH 16 GENEALOGIES AND AN ARTICLE ON Hawksyard
+
+
+COMPILED BY T. WALTER HALL HON. M.A. (SHEFFIELD) F.R.HIST.S.
+
+
+SHEFFIELD
+PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY J. W. NORTHEND LTD., WEST STREET
+1922
+
+
+
+
+TO
+
+THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
+
+
+
+
+WORKS RELATING TO THE HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS.
+
+
+SHEFFIELD PEDIGREES volume I, by T. WALTER HALL. Containing nine
+genealogies with notes.
+
+    Published _1909_, now out of print.
+
+
+CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, DEEDS, AND MANUSCRIPTS IN THE PUBLIC REFERENCE
+LIBRARY AT SHEFFIELD, by T. WALTER HALL; with Introductory Note by Mr. R.
+E. LEADER and photographic reproduction of early 14th century Derbyshire
+charter.
+
+    Published _June 1912_. Price 2/-.
+
+
+CATALOGUE OF THE ANCIENT CHARTERS BELONGING TO THE TWELVE CAPITAL
+BURGESSES AND COMMONALTY OF THE TOWN AND PARISH OF SHEFFIELD, WITH
+ABSTRACTS OF ALL SHEFFIELD WILLS PROVED AT YORK PRIOR to 1554, by T.
+WALTER HALL; with over 100 local genealogies and 4 photographic
+reproductions of early Sheffield seals and an early 15th century
+Sheffield charter.
+
+    Published _May 1913_. Price 2/6.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, ROLLS, DEEDS, PEDIGREES,
+PAMPHLETS, NEWSPAPERS, MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS, MAPS, AND MISCELLANEOUS
+PAPERS, FORMING "THE JACKSON COLLECTION," AT THE SHEFFIELD PUBLIC
+REFERENCE LIBRARY, by T. WALTER HALL and A. HERMANN THOMAS: with
+Prefatory Note by Dr. HENRY JACKSON, O.M., Regius Professor of Greek and
+Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and five photographic reproductions
+of ancient local documents.
+
+    Published _July 1914_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+SHEFFIELD PEDIGREES volume II, contributed by Messrs. J. B.
+MITCHELL-WITHERS, H. P. MARSH, R. E. LEADER, S. O. ADDY, W. S. PORTER, C.
+DRURY, and T. WALTER HALL. Containing 16 genealogies with notes.
+
+    Published _January 1915_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS CHARTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
+RELATING TO THE DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD AND ROTHERHAM, WITH ABSTRACTS OF
+WILLS PROVED AT YORK FROM 1554 to 1560; by T. WALTER HALL, with 315 local
+genealogies and six photographs of medieval charters, &c.
+
+    Published _September 1916_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part I. BAPTISMS AND MARRIAGES, 1560 to
+1635. Transcribed and edited by CHARLES DRURY and T. WALTER HALL of
+Sheffield; indexed by JOHN CHARLESWORTH of Wakefield. Privately printed
+for The Hunter Archaeological Society of Sheffield and The Yorkshire
+Parish Register Society.
+
+    Published _1917_. Price 10/6.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part II. BURIALS 1560 to 1635; BAPTISMS
+AND MARRIAGES 1635 to 1653. Transcribed and edited by CHARLES DRURY and
+T. WALTER HALL of Sheffield, and indexed by T. WALTER HALL. Privately
+printed for The Hunter Archaeological Society of Sheffield and The
+Yorkshire Parish Register Society.
+
+    Published _1918_. Price 10/6.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE CHARTERS, COPY COURT ROLLS AND WILLS IN aEurooeTHE
+WHEAT COLLECTION," AT THE SHEFFIELD PUBLIC REFERENCE LIBRARY; AND ALSO
+CHARTERS FROM OTHER LOCAL COLLECTIONS, WITH ABSTRACTS OF SHEFFIELD WILLS
+PROVED AT YORK FROM 1560 to 1566; by T. WALTER HALL; with 285 local
+genealogies, and a Prefatory Note by Mr. HUBERT HALL, of H.M. Public
+Record Office, F.S.A., and two photographic reproductions of local
+charters of the 13th century. Appendix containing a list of boys who went
+to Broombank House School, Sheffield, with a biographical note on the
+reverend THOMAS HOWARTH, M.A.
+
+    Published _August 1920_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part III. BURIALS 1635 to 1653;
+BAPTISMS AND MARRIAGES 1653 to 1686. Transcribed and edited by CHARLES
+DRURY and T. WALTER HALL, F.R.Hist.S. Privately printed for The Hunter
+Archaeological Society of Sheffield and The Yorkshire Parish Register
+Society.
+
+    Published _1921_. Price 10/6.
+
+
+MATERIAL FOR THE HISTORY OF WINCOBANK, SHEFFIELD, by T. WALTER HALL,
+F.R.Hist.S.; with plan of 1692 and 31 local genealogies.
+
+    Published _December 1921_. Price 3/-.
+
+
+DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE BROOKE TAYLOR COLLECTION OF EARLY CHARTERS
+AND DEEDS RELATING TO OUTLYING DISTRICTS OF SHEFFIELD by T. WALTER HALL,
+Hon. M.A. (Sheffield), F.R.Hist.S.; with genealogies and photographic
+reproductions of charters and seals. Appendix containing an article on
+Hawksyard near Buxton; with its John of Gaunt hawking tradition and
+medieval history; reprinted from _Transactions_ of The Hunter
+Archaeological Society of Sheffield.
+
+    Published _October 1922_. Price 5/-.
+
+
+THE PARISH REGISTER OF SHEFFIELD. Part IV. In the Press.
+
+    Price 10/6.
+
+The above publications can be purchased from J. W. NORTHEND LIMITED, WEST
+STREET, SHEFFIELD.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+My thanks are due to Colonel H. Brooke Taylor, for permission to search
+his chambers in the Town Hall at Bakewell for hidden treasure, in the
+shape of pre-reformation land charters court rolls and the like; to Mr
+Robert Shirley of Waterhouse Farm near Longnor, for a sight of his title
+deeds to Hawksyard; to his son Mr Edwin Leslie Shirley of Hawksyard, for
+a very pleasant visit to his ancestral home in The Moorlands of
+Staffordshire, with its medieval tradition and interesting associations;
+and to Mr James R. Wigfull, for an excellent little map of Hawksyard and
+the surrounding country.
+
+It is only through the kindness and good nature of others, that a
+systematic search for local history can proceed and although
+contributions accumulate in small quantities, there is no more fruitful
+or reliable source of information, as to people and places of bygone
+days, than the land charters and court rolls covering the period from the
+Domesday survey to the reformation.
+
+Many bundles of old title deeds, unopened for centuries, yet lie hidden
+in out-of-the-way corners and on inaccessible shelves; it should be part
+of the work of every archaeological society to extract from all available
+deeds, relating to its own district, whatever useful history they may
+contain.
+
+Every countryside, every village and every town becomes a more
+interesting place to its inhabitants, when its history is known. The
+names of persons and places become intelligible, dates and letters on
+buildings can be accounted for, disused bridle roads and paths can be
+traced, the heraldry of the stained glass in the church and of the
+tombstones in the churchyard can be read with understanding, local
+genealogies can be extended and long cherished family traditions can
+often be verified or explained.
+
+It is therefore of importance that whenever these ancient writings make
+their appearance, there should be some person or association of persons
+ready and willing to examine them, not only with the object of extracting
+any local history they may contain, but also of recording it in a form
+suitable for future reference.
+
+    T. WALTER HALL.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo Ethel Eadon_
+
+Before 1290. =Charter= of Jordan de Pickeburne. (Brodsworth near
+Doncaster)]
+
+
+
+
+The Brooke Taylor Collection.
+
+
+I
+
+13th century. Prior to the statute _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw I (1290).
+=Charter= (Lat) confirming a grant from Jordan son of Thomas de
+Pickeburne to Gilbert Cook of Rickehale, for a certain sum of money,
+which he gave to the grantor by hand as a fine (_in gersumma_), of one
+acre of land and a half, with the appurtenances, in the north field of
+Pickeburne at the green hill, lying between the proper land of the
+grantor on the one part and land which Jordan Wlm' formerly held on the
+other part; of which one end butted upon the field of Hanepol and the
+other end on land of Sir Marmeduke Darel; and also a plot of meadow
+ground in the meadows of Pickeburne; to wit, it lay in length and in
+breadth one rod and three quarters, between the meadow of the fee of
+Rockelay and the meadow of Robert Knouys, of which one end butted upon
+the south cave (_antrum australe_) and the other end upon the north cave
+(_antrum boreale_); to hold and to have of the grantor and his heirs to
+the said Gilbert and his heirs or whomsoever; and howsoever and
+whatsoever time he should wish to give, to bequeath, to assign or to
+sell, in fee and inheritance free quietly peacefully and entirely; with
+all rights of common, easements, liberties and appurtenances, without
+reservation; paying thenceforth annually to the grantor and his heirs one
+halfpenny of silver on the day of saint John the baptist, for all secular
+services, exactions, taxes, suits of court and demands; warranty of title
+etc. =Witnesses=: Helias de Scauceby, Thomas his son, Henry of the same
+place, William Joye of Pickeburne, Hugh son of Beatrice, Thomas Fossard
+of the same place (_sic_), William de Fonte. =Vellum=: one skin 6A1/2 A--
+4, seal missing. =Notes=: this interesting charter, of which a
+photographic reproduction is given as a frontispiece, is in perfect
+condition, except that the seal is missing. It is a subinfeudation of
+lands in the township of Pickburn-with-Brodsworth, in the parish of
+Brodsworth and wapentake of Strafforth, four miles north-west of
+Doncaster; for which Gilbert Cook paid a gersuma or fine to Jordan de
+Pickburn. In the reign of Edward the confessor, Pickburn was part of the
+lands of Alsie the Saxon lord; but after the conquest it was held by
+Nigel Fossard under the earl of Morton, who accompanied William from
+Normandy in his successful invasion of England. The earl subsequently
+forfeited his English possessions and Nigel Fossard, his subinfeudatory,
+came to be acknowledged tenant of the crown. Gilbert Cook may have been
+descended from Alberus de Coci (Cook), who after the conquest held
+Hickleton and part of Cadeby. No trace of Rickehale can be found. Jordan
+Wlm' is clearly written, probably it is a contraction of Woolmer?
+
+Hanepol is mentioned in Domesday, it was a manor before the conquest,
+belonging to Swein. The modern name is Hampole and it lies about two
+miles north of Pickburn.
+
+Sir Marmeduke Darel was living 31 Hen III (1247), in which year he had a
+charter of free warren at Brodsworth. The Darels got Brodsworth from the
+de Buslis; they continued in possession from the beginning of the 13th to
+the beginning of the 16th century; the last of the Darels being Sir
+Thomas, who died without issue 23rd November 1505; see aEurooeSouth Yorkshire"
+vol I, page 315.
+
+The fee of Rockley was in Worsborough and this land near Pickburn must
+have adjoined part of that fee. The Rockleys were settled in Worsborough
+at the time of the conquest and continued in undisturbed possession until
+the civil wars. Knouys may in later times have been Knovis. Scauceby
+now Scawsby, lies two miles south-east of Pickburn. It appears to have
+been a more important place in Saxon times than it is to-day. It is
+mentioned in Domesday as Scalchebi. Helias may mean Ellis. The surname
+Joye has a small i for the initial letter.
+
+Nigel Fossard above mentioned was, after the death of the earl of Morton,
+one of several landowners in the deanery of Doncaster who held direct
+from the crown; his fee included lands at Brodsworth and he also had a
+house at Doncaster; but his baronial seat was Mulgrave Castle in north
+Yorkshire.
+
+William de Fonte was probably the prior of Ecclesfield, which priory
+belonged at the date of this charter to the abbey of Fontenelle or saint
+Wandrille in Normandy.
+
+Probably William de Fonte engrossed this charter and added his name as
+the last witness, which was a common practice of monks and scriveners.
+
+Judith, niece of William I and wife of earl Waltheof lord of Hallam,
+placed a colony of monks from Fontenelle at Ecclesfield; probably in the
+11th century, as she was married in 1070; see "Archaeologia" vol 26, page
+352. From charter-evidence it is certain that the priory was in existence
+in 1141. From this it may be assumed that this beautifully written
+charter had its origin in Ecclesfield priory, and was taken by prior
+William to Pickburn, where the other witnesses would meet, to see
+possession of the land given and the grant confirmed by deed.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+                        (i)
+    THOMAS DE PICKEBURNE = ......
+                         a",
+                       JORDAN
+            both living shortly before 1290
+
+                       (ii)
+     HELIAS DE SCAUCEBY = ......
+                        a",
+                      THOMAS
+            both living shortly before 1290
+
+
+II
+
+13th century. Prior to the statute _Quia Emptores_, 18 Edw I (1290).
+=Charter= (Lat) confirming a grant from William de Mertone to Henry son
+of Roger Palmer, of one toft in the town of Mertone and two acres of his
+land; that toft and those acres which Roger his son formerly held of him
+to the end of all things; to wit, the said Roger the said land either
+held or retained, for homage and services; to have and to hold to him and
+his heirs or assigns, from him (the grantor) or his heirs, freely quietly
+and entirely, with all liberties and easements, so much land in the town
+of Mertone, with the appurtenances; paying thenceforth annually himself
+or his heirs or assigns to him (the grantor) and his heirs, one pound of
+cummin at the feast of saint Michael the archangel, for all services
+exactions and demands; and he William and his heirs, the said land, with
+the appurtenances, to the said Henry and his heirs or assigns, against
+all men and women, did warrant for ever. =Witnesses=: Richard de
+Thorintone, Adam de Pultone, James de Poltone (_sic_), Henry de
+Karletone, Roger son of John de (?)aynol, Emery (_Aumaricus_) de
+Lekamtone and others. =Vellum=: one skin 6A1/2 A-- 3, portion of a green
+seal, obscure. =Notes=: the form of the deed necessitates a date prior to
+18 Edw I; and it is only by the names of the persons mentioned in the
+charter that the approximate date can be fixed. Mertone is an early form
+of Marton or Markeaton, two miles north-west of Derby, Richard le Palmer
+was a witness to a lease of a house in Markton (Markeaton) temp Edw I,
+see Jeayes "Derbyshire Charters", number 1651, page 205. The words "about
+1275" are written on the back of the charter, in a hand of later date.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    ROGER PALMER = ......
+                 a",
+               HENRY
+      both living shortly before 1290
+
+
+III
+
+=1310= Monday next before the feast of All Saints (1st November).
+=Charter= (Lat), dated at Kenworthey, confirming a grant from William
+Nolbildon (?) and Margery his wife to William de Baggyleigh and his
+heirs, of one messuage and five acres of land, with the appurtenances, in
+Norworthen and Kenworthey, without any reservation; to have and to
+hold to him and his heirs, of the chief lord of the fee, by services
+thenceforth owing and accustomed; freely quietly well and in peace, with
+all liberties and easements to the said land, in the town of Norworthen
+and Kenworthey howsoever described; they, the said William and Margery
+and their heirs, all the lands aforesaid with the messuage aforesaid and
+with all their appurtenances, situated as before written, to the said
+William (Baggyleigh) and his heirs and assigns, against all men did
+warrant and defend. =Witnesses=: Robert de Masey of Sale, Robert de
+Tatton, Richard de Kogworth, Richard de Brounehul, Roger de
+Kenworthey, Robert del Cley (?) clerk. =Vellum=: one skin 8A1/2 A--
+2A1/4, two seals missing. =Notes=: this is a grant of land in Northenden
+in the hundred of Macclesfield, Cheshire. It is on the south bank of the
+river Mersey, seven miles south of Manchester. Withenshaw Hall is the
+ancient family seat of the Tattons, who were lords of the manor. See
+OrmrodaEuro(TM)s aEurooeHistory of Cheshire" volume iii, pages 604 to 611.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WILLIAM NOLBILDON = MARGERY
+        both living 1 Nov 1310
+
+
+IV
+
+=1332= Tuesday in the feast of the translation of saint Dunstan (7th
+September). =Quitclaim= (Lat), dated at Kenworthey, from Emma daughter
+of Richard de Macworth to Sir William de Baggelegh knight and his heirs,
+of all her right and claim in all lands or tenements, with their
+appurtenances, which she had of the gift and testament (?) of Roger del
+Tatton (?) in Kenworthey in the town of Nortworhthey (_sic_) with
+the annual rent for the said lands. =Witnesses=: Roger le Masey of Sale,
+John de Carmarthon, William de Tatton, Thomas del Brome, Adam Lobias.
+=Vellum=: one skin 8 A-- 3, seal missing. =Notes=: the writing is much
+faded in places.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    RICHARD DE MACWORTH = ......
+                        a",
+                       EMMA
+                living 7 Sep 1332
+
+
+V
+
+=1353= Sunday next after the feast of saint Adelmus the confessor (25th
+May). =Agreement= (Lat), dated at Northworthyn between William de
+Tatton of the one part and Robert his son of the other part: to wit, that
+the said William as witness (_superstes_) gave and granted for all his
+life to the said Robert his heirs and assigns, all his messuages lands
+and tenements, rents and services, which he had etc in the town of
+Nortworthyn Kenworthey and Wythynschagh, with all their
+appurtenances, except so much of those lands and tenements which Thomas
+Medock the miller (?) held from the said William for a term of years, in
+the town of Nortworthyn, with the appurtenances; to have and to hold
+to the said Robert his heirs and assigns freely quietly etc, for all the
+life of the said William; of the chief lord of that fee, for services
+thenceforth due and of right accustomed; provided that the said Robert
+should maintain and order for the said William, during the life of
+himself William, suitable and sufficient sustenance; and if it happen
+that the said Robert, during the life of the said William his father,
+should die, the said William agreed (?) that all the said lands and
+tenements rents and services, with the appurtenances, for the time of the
+life of him, to him should return revert and remain, except those lands
+and tenements in Wythynshagh, with the appurtenances; to wit, those
+tenements which the said William first held, which lands and tenements
+with the appurtenances, the said William granted and gave, which during
+the life of himself William would remain in the possession of Sybil wife
+of the said Robert and her relations, for their maintenance. =Witnesses=:
+William de Hynckley parson of the church of Nortworthyn, Richard de
+Baggelegh, Richard de Brom, William son of Richard de Tatton, John son of
+Roger (?) de Kenworthey. =Vellum=: one skin 9 A-- 3A1/2, seal missing.
+
+=Genealogies deduced.=
+
+                       (i)
+      WILLIAM DE TATTON = ......
+                        |
+                    --------
+                    |
+                 ROBERT = SYBIL
+             all living 25 May 1353
+
+                      (ii)
+      RICHARD DE TATTON = ......
+                        |
+                     WILLIAM
+              both living 25 May 1353
+
+                      (iii)
+    ROGER DE KENWORTHEY = ......
+                        |
+                      JOHN
+              both living 25 May 1353
+
+
+VI
+
+=(1391)= Sunday next before the feast of saint Martin in winter (11th
+November), in the 15th year of Richard II. =Charter= (Lat) dated at
+Wythinschawe, confirming a grant from Robert de Tatton senior to John son
+of Robert de Legh and John de Rossyndale chaplain, of all his messuages
+lands and tenements with the appurtenances, in Wythinschawe in the town
+of Kenworthey, which Margaret, who was the wife of Robert de Tatton
+junior, Robert Dukhard (?) parson of the church of Northdene, Richard del
+Brome and William de Kenworthey held from the grant of him (Robert de
+Tatton senior), for the term of his life, in the town aforesaid, to have
+and to hold all the said messuages lands and tenements, with all lands
+houses meadows feedings and pastures and other their appurtenances; and
+also with forty three shillings and four pence annually, at the feast of
+the nativity of saint John the baptist, and saint Martin the bishop, by
+equal portions; for the said Margaret, Robert Dukhard (?) Richard and
+William, during his (the said Robert de Tatton senior) life, in advance,
+freely quietly well and in peace, with all profits liberties turbaries
+common of pasture and other easements to the said lands and tenements
+wheresoever, belonging and in the said town existing and to the same, of
+whatsoever manner, to be firmly held: of the chief lord of that fee, for
+services thenceforth owing and of right accustomed; warranty of title
+etc. =Witnesses=: Peter de Legh then steward of Macclesfeld, William de
+Legh chevalier, John de Honford (?), Richard de Brome, William de Ken'.
+=Vellum=: one skin 9A1/2 A-- 3A1/4, seal missing.
+
+=Genealogies deduced.=
+
+                    (i)
+    ROBERT DE TATTON = ......
+              senior |
+                     |
+                 ----------
+                 |
+              ROBERT = MARGARET
+              junior
+            all living 11 Nov 1391
+
+                    (ii)
+      ROBERT DE LEGH = ......
+                    |
+                   JOHN
+         both living 11 Nov 1391
+
+
+VII
+
+=1399= May 15th. =Deed of covenant= (Lat) given at Lancaster Castle and
+made between John Gaunte duke of Lancaster fourth son of King Edward the
+third and Edward Mundy of Marton in the county of Derby knight; whereby,
+after reciting a visit of John Gaunte to Highe Frith in the parish of
+Alstonefield in the county of Stafford, on the 10th May 1399, for the
+purpose of hawking; the said John Gaunt (_sic_) gave and delivered to the
+said Edward Mundy, a piece of land, to which the said John Gaunt gave the
+name of Hawkesyerd otherwise Hawksearth. The boundaries of the land are
+given in detail and also the names of some of the fields and the
+adjoining farms and grouse moors. =Witnesses=: William Stanley gent, John
+Porter gent, James Lewis gent, Wi'm Stanley gent, Thos Mundy gent, John
+Thornicroft attorney. =Vellum=: one skin 15 A-- 8A1/2, round seal of green
+wax, 3A1/2 inches diameter and an inch thick. See appendix and
+photographic reproductions.
+
+
+VIII
+
+(=1414=) Sunday next after the feast of Thomas the apostle (21st
+December), in the 2nd year of the reign of Henry V. =Charter= (Lat)
+confirming a grant from John Marreys son of Walter Marreys of Rostlastone
+to Thomas Gresley knight, William Babyngtone, John Abell of Caldewall
+and William Ward of Coton their heirs and assigns, of all his lands and
+tenements rents reversions possessions and services, with their
+appurtenances, which he had or in the future might have in the town and
+territories of Rostlastone and Lynton or elsewhere in the county of
+Derby, without reservation; to have and to hold all the said lands
+tenements etc to the said Thomas, William, John Abell and William their
+heirs and assigns freely quietly well and in peace for ever; of the chief
+lord of that fee, for services etc; warranty of title. =Witnesses=: Roger
+de Hortone lord of Catton, John Dethek of Neuhall, John Abell of
+Stapenhull, John Lathebury de Newtone Suluy, Robert Thirmot of
+Lyntone. =Vellum=: one skin 10A1/2 A-- 4A1/2, seal missing. =Notes=:
+Rostlastone now Rosliston is a parish in the hundred of Repton county
+Derby, four miles south-west of Burton-on-Trent; Cauldwell,
+Coton-in-the-elms, Catton-on-Trent, Linton, Newton-Solney and Gresley are
+close by and lie near the confluence of the Dove and the Trent.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WALTER MARREYS = ......
+    of Rostlastone a",
+                   a",
+                  JOHN
+         both living 21 Dec 1414
+
+
+IX
+
+(=1414-15=) Sunday in the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary
+(2nd February), in the 2nd year of Henry V. =Deed of exchange= (Lat)
+dated at Kenworthy and made between William de Tatton of the one part and
+William le Hunte and Margaret his wife of the other part; whereby the
+said William de Tatton ... demised and by that then present indenture
+confirmed to William le Hunte and Margaret his wife and their heirs for
+ever, a certain parcel of land lying in Kenworthy called Lamputtes, in
+exchange for another parcel of land lying near the house of William de
+Tatton called Ruyssihey; to have and to hold the said parcel of land
+called Lamputtes to the said William le Hunte and Margaret his wife and
+their heirs for ever, making to the chief lord services etc; warranty of
+title. =Witnesses=: Thomas de Legh of Bagulegh, Roger le Massy of Sale,
+Robert de Hull'. =Vellum=: one skin 11A1/2 A-- 3A1/2, seal missing.
+=Notes=: this deed is indented and possibly the other part contained a
+grant or demise of Ruyssihey or Rushyhey to William de Tatton completing
+the exchange. In this deed the words of grant are illegible except
+aEurooedemise"; and the deed only effects one part of the exchange.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WILLIAM LE HUNTE = MARGARET
+      both living 2 Feb 1414-15
+
+
+X
+
+(=1425-6=) in the feast of saint Vincent martyr (22nd January), in the
+4th year of Henry VI. =Release and quitclaim= (Lat), dated at Over
+Haddon, from William de Brodehurst, son of William de Brodehurst, of Over
+Haddon to John Brodehurst his brother his heirs and assigns; of all right
+and claim of right which he had, in one messuage and eighteen acres of
+land, with the appurtenances, lying in the said town and fields of Over
+Haddon, which same messuage and eighteen acres of land, with the
+appurtenances, the said John his brother had from the gift and grant of
+Cecilie their mother by a certain charter etc. =Witnesses=: John de
+Farefeld (?) of Over Haddon, John ... of the same town, John de Gyte,
+Nicholas Pygges (?), Thomas de ... =Vellum=: one skin 10 A-- 3A1/2, seal
+missing. =Notes=: this deed is in bad condition and the writing is much
+faded, many words and sentences being illegible; but the general outline
+and date are clear and doubtful names are indicated in the above
+abstract. One of the witnesses John de Gyte of Over Haddon is mentioned
+as purchaser of land in Over Bondsale 3 Hen VI (1424), in a grant
+abstracted in Jeayes" "Derbyshire Charters" No 317.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    WILLIAM DE BRODEHURST = CECILIA
+                          |
+                  ------------------
+                  |               |
+              WILLIAM of        JOHN
+              Over Haddon
+      all living except perhaps Cecilia 22 Jan 1425-6
+
+
+XI
+
+(=1426=) November 6th, in the 5th year of Henry VI. =Letter of attorney=
+(Lat), dated at Ouerhaddon, from Richard son of John Walker of Ouerhaddon
+to William de Brodhirst senior and John his son, to give seisin to
+William de Brodhirst junior and Margorie his wife, in one messuage and
+xxvi acres of land and meadow, with the appurtenances, in Ouerhaddon,
+following the form and effect of a certain charter of the said John
+Walker to the same William de Brodhirst junior and Margorie. =Vellum=:
+one skin 12 A-- 1A1/2 seal missing.
+
+=Genealogies deduced.=
+
+                     (i)
+         JOHN WALKER = ......
+        of Ouerhaddon |
+                      |
+                   RICHARD
+           both living 6 Nov 1426
+
+                     (ii)
+    WILLIAM BRODHIRST = ......
+    senior            |
+                      |
+                 --------------
+                 |         |
+                JOHN    WILLIAM = MARGORIE
+                        junior
+            all living 6 Nov 1426
+
+
+XII
+
+(=1565=) July 12th, in the 7th year of Elizabeth. =Award= (Engl) of
+Gregorye Reyvell of Stanyngton, Robert Hawksworthe of Thornsett,
+Phyllyppe Morton of Ughyll and Thomas Greyve of Westnall in the countye
+of Yorke yomen. Reciting that where certayn debate contraversye and
+varyance then of late had been dependynge betwene Henry Gelat of
+Wygtuysle in the countye of Yorke yoman of the one partye and Henry
+Morton and Henry Ibotson of the same Wygtuysle in the same countye yomen
+of the other partye, and especyally of for and concernynge the
+occupacion of certayne Byredole lands in Wygtuyslee afforsayd, in so
+muche as bothe the sayd partyes had submytted them selffs to stand to and
+adyde obserue performe fullfyll and kepe the award arbytrament order rule
+dome and judgement of them the sayd Gregorye Reyvell etc arbytratourers
+indefferently electe and chosen betwene the sayd partyes to arbytrate
+award etc, of in for and uppon almanner of matters accyons suyts grudges
+trespasse quarrells detts and demaunds what so euer they be had moved
+styrred and in any wyse dependynge betwene the sayd partyes, frome ye
+begynynge of the worlde unto the day of makynge heroff for the
+pacyffyenge wheroff they the sayd arbytratourors had takyn uppon them the
+offyce and aucthoryte of arbytrament at Wygtuysle affor sayd and then and
+there awarded etc, in manner and form foloynge; Fyrste, we award etc,
+that the sayd partyes shall frome hencefurthe be faythefull lovers and
+friends and deale as lovynge nebors ought to do; also we award etc, that
+the sayd Henry Morton and hys heyrs shall at all times herafter haue hold
+occupye and enyoye one parcell of wodd ground wch he haythe heretofore
+claymed, set lyenge and beynge in a place called the nether croft and
+commonly called the cloyghe without let trouble or ympedyment of the sayd
+Henry Gelot and hys heyrs etc; and further we award etc that the sayd
+Henry Gelot and his heyrs shall at all tymes herafter haue hold occupye
+and enyoye one parcell of land lyenge in the nether end of one close
+called the hallowes, as yt ys now devyded and meared by hus, without
+vexacion let trouble or ympedyment of the sayd Henry Morton and Henry
+Ibotson and ther heyrs etc; and further that all other mears and balks
+shall at all tymes herafter be kept and used contenually as they be now
+appoynted by hus; and further we award that bothe the sayd partyes at all
+tymes herafter in tyme of mast shall gether all the mast that shall fall
+frome ther own trees, where so euer the same shall fortune to fall,
+without let etc, and that all swyne of bothe partyes in mast tyme shall
+have all ther swyne to go at libertye throughe out all the byredole
+lands, belongynge to the Town of Wygtuysle without lett or harme.
+=Vellum=: one skin 13 A-- 7, seals missing. =Notes=: the deed is indented,
+there are no witnesses. Mast is the fruit of beech and forest trees, food
+for swine.
+
+
+XIII
+
+=1568= October 24th, in the 10th year of Elizabeth. =Grant= (Engl) made
+between Vincent Munday of Marketon in the county of Derby esquire and
+Edward Mundy (_sic_) gentleman, son and heir apparent of the said
+Vincent, of the one part and John Weston of Mackworth in the county
+aforesaid gentlemen of the other part; whereby the aforesaid Vincent and
+Edward, for and in consideration of the sum of three hundred pounds paid
+to the said Vincent and Edward by the said John Weston, delivered gave
+granted sold bargained released and confirmed to the said John Weston and
+his heirs executors and administrators, all that messuage or tenement,
+with the appurtenances, situate lying and being in The Highe Frith
+within the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford and being
+part parcel and member of the manor of Alstonefield aforesaid and
+thereafter named; following and more at large expressed; to wit all that
+messuage farm or tenement called Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe,
+then in the tenure or occupation of Raphe Bradburye and Maud his wife:
+then follows a full description of the outbuildings lands etc, with
+extracts from the deed of covenant of the 15th May 1399 hereinbefore
+abstracted and a full copy of which grant is given in the appendix
+hereto. =Witnesses=: John Walker, Thomas Mundye gent, Thomas Brunt, John
+Oakes yeoman and Thomas Mundy. =Vellum=: one skin 16 A-- 12, two round
+seals of yellow wax, each 1A1/2 inches in diameter and bearing a cross
+flory, probably not armorial. =Notes=: photographic reproductions of this
+deed and the two seals are given in the appendix. There is a memorandum
+endorsed recording the giving of possession on the 24th November in the
+10th year of Elizabeth in the presence of the same witnesses, except John
+Walker.
+
+=Genealogy deduced.=
+
+    VINCENT MUNDAY = ......
+    of Marketon    a",
+    co Derby       a",
+    esquire        a",
+                   a",
+                EDWARD
+                s & h ap gent
+         both living 24 Oct 1568
+
+
+XIV
+
+(=1625=) July 25th, in the 1st year of Charles I. =Deed of covenant=
+(Engl) made between John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York
+clerke on the first partye, William Ibotson of Nether Combes in the said
+county yeoman on the second partye and Richard Ibotson of Worral in the
+said county yeoman on the third partye; witnessed that the said John
+Ibotson for divers good causes and considerations him moving did covenant
+grant conclude and agree to and with the said William Ibotson and his
+heirs by those presents, that he the said John Ibotson should and would
+before the feast day of saint Michael the archangell, then next ensuing
+the date thereof, by his deed of feoffment, by him to be sealed and
+delivered and with "liverye of seizen" lawfully executed give grant
+enfeoffe and confirm unto the said William Ibotson and his heirs for
+ever; all that messuage or tenement in Wiggtwisle (_sic_) aforesaid,
+which was sometime the tenement of one Henry Morton deceased; and all
+houses buildings lands tenements meddowes pastures woods under-woods
+commons comodityes and hereditaments of him the said John Ibotson in
+Wiggtwisle aforesaid, whichever were the lands tenements and
+hereditaments of the said Henry Morton in Wiggtwisle aforesaid, with all
+their appurtenances whatsoever; to the only use and behoofe of the said
+William Ibotson and of his heirs for ever; to the end that the said
+William Ibotson might be adjudged and taken to be perfect tenant of the
+freehold of all the said messuage and other the said premises, until a
+perfect recovery might be had and executed of all the said premises
+against him the said William Ibotson; and it was also covenanted and
+agreed by and between all the said partyes to those presents that a writt
+of entery _sur disseisen in le post_ should be brought for the said
+premises, at the cost and charge of the said John Ibotson, in the name of
+the said Richard Ibotson, against the said William Ibotson; by the name
+or names of one messuage one garden one orchard an hundred acres of land
+thirty acres of meddowe twenty acres of pasture four acres of wood and
+forty acres of more (moor), with thappurtenances, in Wiggtwisle alias
+Wyghtwysill Bradfeild; or by such the name or names as to the said
+John Ibotson should be thought meet and convenient, according to the use
+of common recoveries in such case used; and that the said William Ibotson
+should vouch to warrant the said John Ibotson who should enter into the
+said warranty and vouch over the common vouchee, who should appear and
+make default; also that a perfect recovery may be had and judgement
+thereupon given, in his MajestyaEuro(TM)s court of common plees at Westminster,
+against the said William Ibotson who should recover in value, against the
+said John Ibotson and the common vouchee, to be in mercye; and it was
+likewise further covenanted etc by and between all the said parties, that
+after the execution thereof of the said recovery, the same should be and
+enure, and the feoffee named in the said feoffment and recoverer named in
+the said recovery, should at and ever after the executing of the said
+feoffment and at and ever after the said recovery, soe had as aforesaid,
+stand and be seized of the said messuage etc; to the only use and behoof
+of the said John Ibotson and of his heirs and assigns for ever, and to
+noe other use intent or purpose whatsover. =Witnesses=: Richard Ibotson,
+Will' Woodson, John Potter. =Vellum=: one skin 21 A-- 10, three seals
+obscure. =Notes=: John Ibotson signed, the other two were marksmen. It is
+interesting to note that Wyghtwysill is given as the _alias_ for
+Wiggtwisle. According to Hunter, John was the son of Henry Ibotson of
+Wightwisle and Mary Morton daughter of Henry Morton of Wightwisle,
+referred to in this deed. John is said to have had a living in Norfolk.
+His eldest daughter Mary married Christopher Wilson of Broomhead. William
+and Richard Ibotson were probably related to John whose grandson Charles
+Wilson was vicar of Sheffield. See F.M.G. vol II, page 650.
+
+
+XV
+
+=1625= July 30th, in the 1st year of Charles I. =Feoffment= (Lat) from
+John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerk to William Ibotson
+of Nether Coombes in the said county of York yeoman and his heirs for
+ever, of all that his messuage or tenement in Wigtwisle aforesaid, which
+then formerly was the tenement of Henry Morton, then deceased; and all
+his outhouses and buildings gardens orchards lands tenements meadows
+pastures woods underwoods rights of common profits and hereditaments in
+Wigtwisle aforesaid, with their appurtenances; to holdun to and to the
+use of the said William Ibotson his heirs and assigns for ever, of the
+chief lord etc, by services etc; warranty of title. =Witnesses=: Henry
+Ibotson, William Wodson (the tenant), John P.... =Vellum=: one skin 12 A--
+5A1/2, round seal of red wax bears a dolphin, probably not armorial.
+=Notes=: there is a good signature of "John Ibotsone."
+
+
+XVI
+
+=1633= May 13th, in the 9th year of Charles I. =Grant= (Engl) made
+between John Ibotson of Wigtwisle in the county of York clerk of the one
+part and Christopher Willson of Wigtwisle in the said county yeoman of
+the other part; whereby the said John Ibotson, for and in exchange with
+the said Christopher Willson granted etc unto the said Christopher
+Willson his heirs and assigns for ever, one way for passage with drift
+cart and carriage then or theretofore used and accustomed, unto and from
+a messuage or tenement at Wigtwisle aforesaid then in the occupation of
+William Odeson, through a close of him, the said Christopher Willson,
+called the Walls and thence into and from the nether croft, belonging to
+the said messuage or tenement; to hold the abovesaid way etc, and all the
+right interest and demand of him the said John Ibotson thereto unto and
+to the use the said Christopher Willson his heirs and assigns for ever;
+warranty of title etc; and the said Christopher Willson in lieu and
+exchange of the above etc, granted etc unto the said John Ibotson his
+heirs and assigns for ever, one like way etc henceforth and for ever
+thereafter to be used, unto and from the said messuage, then in the
+occupation of the said William Odeson, to and from the nether crofts, lee
+and nether hollin carr, belonging to the said messuage, by and "thorow"
+the fouldstead of the said Christopher Willson on the south side of his
+house at Wigtwisle aforesaid and from thence "thorow" the nether yeard
+and so to and from the three closes last above mentioned; to hold unto
+and to the use of him the said John Ibotson his heirs and assigns for
+ever; warranty of title etc. =Witnesses=: William Garlicke, William
+Odeson. =Vellum=: one skin 10A1/2 A-- 9A1/2, seal missing. =Notes=: both
+Christopher Willson and William Garlicke, the witness, were sons-in-law
+of John Ibotson, see Hunter's F.M.G. vol II, page 652. The word Wigtwisle
+when used to describe the residence of Christopher Willson has been
+written on an erasure.
+
+[Illustration: Map of Hawksyard and The Moorlands of Staffordshire.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+Reprint from _Transactions_ of The Hunter Archaeological Society.
+
+HAWKSYARD.
+
+BY T. WALTER HALL, Hon. M.A. (SHEFFIELD), F.R.Hist.S.
+
+
+Place-names, obvious in their meaning but suggesting a remote origin and
+a forgotten past, attract the historian, if not the philologist.
+
+Hawksyard is one of these; its import is Hawksland but its history lies
+hidden in the records of past centuries; it excites our curiosity and
+quickens our imagination.
+
+We instinctively recall scenes of English sport in bygone days; of kings
+and nobles, knights and ladies, riding across the unfenced country; over
+moorland and waste, through fen and ford, with hooded falcon and stooping
+hawk, enjoying what was for nearly a thousand years the national sport of
+England.
+
+Such a scene was brought to mind by the perusal of two musty parchments
+with imposing seals and faded script, quarried from the lower _strata_ of
+time-worn muniments, in the office of Colonel Brooke Taylor of Bakewell.
+
+The earlier of these deeds takes us back to the death of John of Gaunt
+and the resignation of Richard II in the closing year of the 14th
+century; the later one was sealed and delivered in the less tragic days
+of Queen Elizabeth.
+
+They both relate to Hawksyard, situate in that part of The Moorlands of
+Staffordshire known in the middle ages as Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest;
+south of Buxton and east of the church at Newtown near Longnor.
+
+The deed of John of Gaunt bears date the 15th May 1399, in bold Arabic
+numerals; it is written in a jargon intended to be Latin and measures 15
+A-- 8A1/2 inches; its round pendent seal of green wax has a diameter of
+three and a half inches and is nearly an inch thick. The parchment is
+dark in colour, coarse in texture and much crinkled; the writing is not
+uniform in character, parts being in a flowing hand suggesting a date
+long subsequent to the Plantagenets. The deed begins with the word
+_Conventum_, meaning a covenant or agreement under seal; but, from the
+concluding paragraph, it was evidently intended to operate as a deed of
+gift or grant in fee simple of the lands called Hawksyard.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo Ethel Eadon_
+
+1399 May 15th. =Deed of Covenant=, John of Gaunt to Sir Edward Mundy.]
+
+The following is a transcript with the contractions indicated but not
+extended:--
+
+     Conventum inter Johan' Gaunte Duc' Lancast' quart' fillius
+     Regy' Edvardi tert' et Edvardum Mundy de Marton in Comitatu
+     Derb' equit' Joh'es Ga'nt Dux Lancast' p'mittebat Domin'
+     Edvard' Mundy visere ap'd Marton in Comitat' Derb' p'd q'
+     pariter prestabat Et etiam Dominus Edvardus Mundy iterfaciebat
+     Duc' Lancast' Comitibusq' ejus in Highe Frith parochia
+     Allstonefield Comitatu Staffordiae Cum in eum locum pase (?)
+     publice p'venirent qui nuncupatur Lady Edge cujus defugabant
+     (?) excitabant Gallos palust' ad quos illico accipitres
+     evertebant apud quos accipitres fuga petebant int' illos
+     Limites ut posthac mention's siant hoc Termino qui expositus
+     erat Avibus volantibus ultro citroq' ad viam publica' qua
+     abduit ab Longnor ad Leeke al' parte circunt quo accipitres
+     pred'am apprehendebant parte juxta mediam circuituo juxta
+     convallem Orient' Decim' Die May' Ann' Dom' 1399 Quamobre'
+     Joh'es Gaunt ei dabat Titulu' nomenq' Hawkesyerd alias
+     Hawksearth propter pred'a apprehensa' inter Limit' qui posthac
+     mentionem fit qui non antehac nuncupabatur ... Aliquae pauce
+     Fundi Partes que posthac mentione' fiunt Viz' alia pars Fundi
+     nuncupatur Harrisons Intake al' pars Fundi nuncupat'
+     House-Fielde quo parva vel Domus stabat al' pars Fundi nuncup'
+     Little Meadow quae ex part' meridional' inter jacet Locu'
+     nuncup' Boothesley Grange al' pars Fundi nuncup' Spart (?
+     Spout) Meadow fluvio adjacans erga Occidentam al' pars Fund'
+     nuncupat' Killn Croffte fluvio adjac' erga Occidente' al' pars
+     Fund' nuncup' Spart (?) al' pars Fundi nuncupat' Rye Pingle
+     erga Occidentem sequia secale illo p'senti anno Cresscebat
+     Limes Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth jacens positusq' in Highe
+     Frith Parochia Allstonefield Comitatuq' Staffordie exposit
+     Johan' Gaunt Duc' Lancast' p'd' inter tales Metas qual' posthac
+     mentione' fiunt attin' illi soli Domo predi'oq' nuncup'
+     Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth p'd ubi est convallis oriental' ejus
+     part' Fluviusq' Curans erga merediem juxta Fluvium int' ilium
+     et Locum nuncup' Banke aut al' Over boothesley Etiam parte
+     meridional' convallus ... et Fluvius currens erga Orient' juxta
+     Fluviu' int' illu' Locumq' nuncup' Bauthsley (_sic_) Grange
+     illaq' ascendit part' meridional' Funi qui nuncup' Rye Pingle
+     quia jacet erga Occident' et setendit directe ad fugum q'd
+     nuncup' Lady Edge jacens positusq' in Highe Frith Parochia
+     Allstonefield Comitatuq' Stafford' et tunc transjugu' q'd est
+     erga septentrionem directe ad viam publica' quae abducit ab
+     Longnor ad Leeke Etiamq' publica' juxta via' erga Orient' usq'
+     du' directe p'venit ad Convalla' Termino Orientali Tractus
+     praedi'i expositus primo Ann' Regni Regis Henrici Quart'
+     assignabat Limat vel Expellere includere vel admittere ad Sol'
+     proprium usu' Comodumq' illius Domus predi'iq' nuncu'q'
+     Hawksyerd al' Hawksearth p'd etiam Libertinuanu' publi' pascu'
+     jusque effodiendi Cespites p' Desertu' Domin' Allstonefield
+     Dom' Edvardus Mundy de Marton in comitat' Derby (_sic_) p'd'
+     favore unum suplicabat Joh'es Gaunt Du' Lancastriae quem
+     dicebat consideret Si illi esset postestas Dom' Edvardus ilium
+     orabat et ei daret predi'u' nuncup' Hawksyerd alias Hawksearth
+     p'd' Et Joh'es Gaunt libere Largiebatur et concedebat illi et
+     posteris in Aeturnu' Dom' Edvardus Mundy profesiebatur Joh'e
+     Gaunt Comitibusq' eum visere apud Castrum Lancast' quo Joh'es
+     Gaunt sigillabat Subscribebat et in potestatem Domin' Edvardi
+     Mundy Premis' tot' tradebat decimo quint' Die May Anno D'm'
+     1399 coram William Stanley Gent John Porter Gent' James Lewis
+     Gent' Wi'm Stanley Gent' Tho's Mundy Gent' John Thornicroft
+     Attorney.
+
+It is not easy to give a true interpretation of this unconventional deed;
+the operative part, which should be clear and precise, being vague and
+inconclusive. The following is what may be accepted as a free translation
+conveying a general idea of the purport and effect of the deed:--
+
+     An Agreement between John Gaunte duke of Lancaster, fourth son
+     of King Edward the third and Edward Mundy of Marton [Markeaton]
+     in the county of Derby knight. John Gaunt (_sic_) went himself
+     to visit Sir Edward Mundy at Marton in the county of Derby
+     aforesaid ... and Sir Edward Mundy made a journey with the duke
+     of Lancaster and his attendants into Highe Frith in the parish
+     of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford; when they arrived at
+     that piece of public ground [? the common or moorland waste of
+     the manor] which was called Lady Edge, from which moorcock
+     [both red and black grouse] were frequently driven away and
+     from whence hawks were let loose and flown within such
+     boundaries as were thereinafter mentioned, to this boundary
+     which was free and open for birds flying backwards and forwards
+     near the public road, which led from Longnor to Leek. In the
+     part of the circle in which the hawks took [the grouse] near
+     the middle circuit next the east clough, on the 10th day of May
+     1399: for this reason John Gaunt gave it the title and name of
+     Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth, because of the game being taken
+     within its limits, thereinafter mentioned, which place was not
+     theretofore named, some other pieces of land, which after that
+     were made mention, to wit, part of a piece of land called
+     Harrisons Intake, part of a piece of land called House Fielde,
+     on which a small shed or house was standing, part of a piece of
+     land called Little Meadow, which on the south lay between a
+     place called Boothesley Grange and part of a piece of land
+     called Rye Meadow following the stream pointing west, part of a
+     piece of land called Killn Croffte adjoining the stream, thence
+     west, part of a piece of land called Spart (?) Meadow, part of
+     a piece of land called Rye Pingle, thence west following the
+     rye of that year then growing. The boundary of Hawksyard
+     otherwise Hawksearth, lying and being in Highe Frith in the
+     parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford set out by
+     John Gaunte duke of Lancaster aforesaid, between such bounds as
+     were thereinafter mentioned, were set out for that house only;
+     and the land called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid,
+     where there is a clough at the east end of it and a purling
+     stream, thence south following the stream between that and a
+     place called Banke or otherwise Over Boothesley; also on the
+     south side, a clough and stream ran, thence east next the
+     stream, between that place called Bauthsley (_sic_) Grange and
+     ascending on the south of the piece of land which is called Rye
+     Pingle, thence west leading direct to the high ridge which is
+     called Lady Edge, lying and being in Highe Frithe in the parish
+     of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford; and then across the
+     ridge which is north direct to the public road, which led from
+     Longnor to Leeke; and also along the public road thence east it
+     passed straight to the east end of the clough. The full extent
+     of the said land, in the 1st year of the reign of King Henry
+     IV, was marked out and set to limits either to expel, keep in
+     or admit, to the only proper use and advantage of that house
+     called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth aforesaid; and also the
+     liberty to dig turf in the public meadow and wastes of the
+     lordship of Alstonefield. Sir Edward Mundy of Marton in the
+     county of Derby aforesaid prayed for one favour of John Gaunt
+     duke of Lancaster, which he [John] said he would consider if to
+     him it were possible. Sir Edward asked him and he [John] to him
+     gave the said place called Hawksyerd otherwise Hawksearth
+     aforesaid and John Gaunt did freely give and grant it to him
+     and his descendants forever. Sir Edward Mundy then went with
+     his attendants to John Gaunt to see him at Lancaster Castle
+     which [agreement] John Gaunt sealed and subscribed; and into
+     the control of Sir Edward Mundy, all the before mentioned was
+     handed over on the 15th day of May 1399 In the presence of
+     William Stanley Gent, John Porter Gent, James Lewis Gent, Wi'm
+     Stanley Gent, Thomas Mundy Gent, John Thornicroft Attorney.
+
+If this deed correctly records the facts, we must infer that John of
+Gaunt owned lands in north Staffordshire between Longnor and Leek; and
+that they probably formed part of the lands belonging to the duchy of
+Lancaster. We learn that his friend Sir Edward Mundy of Markeaton,
+twenty miles away to the south-east, invited the duke to visit him there;
+a hawking party being arranged on the 10th May 1399 by Sir Edward for the
+entertainment of his royal guest; one of the highest points of The
+Moorlands, known as Lady Edge, nearly 1500 feet above the sea, where
+grouse were always to be found, was selected as the trysting place. The
+party would ride from Markeaton across the open country to Lady Edge, and
+they appear to have had good sport. Probably John of Gaunt and his
+friends from Markeaton watched the hawking from the top of Lady Edge and
+the undulating land which lies between Lady Edge and Hawksyard, the
+quarry being taken within a distance of half a mile to the north-east. So
+pleased was the duke, that he honoured the place where the hawks took
+their quarry by giving it the name of Hawksyard otherwise Hawksearth; a
+place which before then was unnamed. The deed also states that before the
+duke left Markeaton, Sir Edward asked him as a personal favour to give
+Hawksyard to Sir Edward and that the duke promised to consider the
+request. Apparently Sir Edward returned with the duke to Lancaster, as a
+few days later the duke is stated to have sealed and subscribed this deed
+at Lancaster Castle and delivered it into the hands of Sir Edward on the
+15th May 1399. The metes and bounds are fully set forth in the deed,
+which also records that the boundaries were marked out on the land in the
+1st year of Henry IV.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo Ethel Eadon_
+
+1568 October 24th. =Grant= from Vincent and Edward Munday to John
+Weston.]
+
+The second deed bears date the 24th October 1568 written in the same bold
+Arabic numerals as in the earlier deed; but the later deed is in English
+and measures 16 A-- 12 inches, it has two round seals of yellow wax, each
+of a diameter of one and a half inches; the impression on these seals
+does not appear to be armorial but they both bear the same form of cross;
+the parchment and make-up are in all respects similar to the deed of 1399
+and the signatures of Vincent Mundy and his son are written in the same
+hand as the deed, which was not unusual in the 16th century.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following is an abstract of the grant from Vincent Mundy and his son
+Edward to John Weston.
+
+     An Indenture made the 24th day of October, in the 10th year of
+     Elizabeth and in the year of the Lord 1568 Between Vincent
+     Munday of Marketon in the countye of Derbye esquire and Edward
+     Mundy (_sic_) gentleman, son and heir apparent of the said
+     Vincent, of the one part and John Weston of Mackworth in the
+     county aforesaid gentleman of the other part; whereby the
+     aforesaid Vincent and Edward, for and in consideration of the
+     sum of three hundred pounds of lawful money of England, to the
+     aforesaid Vincent and Edward in hand paid by the said John
+     Weston, whereof they confessed themselves to be fully
+     satisfied and paid and the said John Weston and his heirs
+     executors and administrators to be thereof acquitted and
+     discharged for ever by those presents; had delivered given
+     granted sold bargained released and by those present writings
+     confirmed to the aforesaid John Weston and his heirs executors
+     and administrators, all that their messuage or tenement, with
+     the appurtenances, situate lying and being in the Highe Frith
+     within the parish of Alstonefield in the county of Stafford;
+     and being part parcel and member of the mannor of Alstonefield
+     aforesaid and hereafter named, following and more at large
+     expressed; to wit, all that messuage farm or tenement called
+     Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe, then in the tenure or
+     occupation of Raphe Bradburye and Maud his wife; and also all
+     and singular houses outhouses cottages barns edifices buildings
+     orchards gardens meadows pastures lands and arable lands
+     commons woods underwoods, free liberties or commoninge and
+     turbarye throughout the waste of the aforesaid manor,
+     priviledges profits and commodities whatsoever, with all and
+     singular the appurtenances to the said messuage or tenement in
+     anywise lyeing appertaininge or belonginge; or any thing
+     standing or at any time theretofore accepted used occupied or
+     perceived, together with the said messuage or tenement or any
+     of them, by any tenant before named their prior tenants or as
+     part parcel and member of or as belonging to the said messuage
+     or tenement or by whatsoever name or names it was commonly
+     called or known, and all the estate etc; and moreover all rent
+     and yearly profits whatsoever, reserved on any demise grant or
+     copye of the premises, by any person or persons theretofore
+     made or committed; to have hold and enjoy the same to the said
+     John Weston his heirs executors administrators and assigns for
+     ever; and likewise priviledges profits and commodities
+     whatsoever, which John Gaunt the duke of Lancaster the fourth
+     son of King Edward the third did give and grant unto Sir Edward
+     Mundaye (_sic_) of Marketon in the county of Derby knight, the
+     compass set by him the said John Gaunt betwixt those marks as
+     were thereafter mentioned (that was to say) a clough at the
+     east end of the said premises and a pearle of water which runns
+     southewarde betwixt and a place called the Banke or otherwise
+     Over Boothesleye; also a clough and a water, which runns
+     eastward betwixt and a place which is called Boothesleye Grange
+     and so it goes up close bye the water side pointinge westwards
+     and so it goes up after the southe side of a piece of grounde
+     which is called the Rye Pingle, from thence streight up to the
+     top of the Hill which is called the Lady Edge, situate lyeinge
+     and beinge in the Highe Frithe within the parish of
+     Alstonefield aforesaid and countye of Stafforde aforesaid and
+     from thence streight to the Highe Road, that goes betwixt
+     Longenor and Leek, pointeinge northeward and so it goes down
+     bye the roade side untill it comes directlye against that
+     cloughe at the east end; withe free libertye to drive off
+     enclose or take inn, so farr as the compass aforementioned
+     extends; to the onlye proper use and behoofe of that one
+     messuage or farme called Hawkesyarde or otherwise Hawkesearthe
+     aforesaid, likewise free libertye of commoninge and turbarie
+     throughout the waste of the mannor of Alstonefield aforesaid;
+     and they did therefore deliver to the said John Weston his
+     heirs and assigns full and peaceable possession etc. The
+     witnesses were John Walker, Thomas Mundye gent, Thomas Brunt,
+     John Oakes yeoman and Thomas Mundy (_sic_);
+
+In this deed there is an evident desire on the part of the draftsman to
+strengthen and even to extend the rights and privileges appurtenant to
+the Hawksyard estate, which then included a house of considerable
+importance, occupied by Ralph Bradbury and Maud his wife. Towards the end
+of the deed a belated attempt at a recital of the earlier John of Gaunt
+deed is added, with extracts giving the full description of the
+boundaries; and this earlier deed is treated as the root of title to
+Hawksyard.
+
+The question and the only question we have to consider is whether these
+two deeds give us a true account of the origin and early history of the
+place-name Hawksyard? At first sight it would appear that they do; but
+unfortunately there is much in the earlier deed to arouse suspicion. It
+is not that the story of John of GauntaEuro(TM)s visit to Highe Frith is
+improbable, on the contrary he rebuilt and occupied Tutbury Castle twenty
+miles away; nor is there any reason to think that in those days Sir
+Edward Mundy would hesitate to ask the duke for a few acres of rough
+moorland waste, as a memento of a red-letter day in the history of the
+Mundy family. Perhaps such a request, under the circumstances,
+constituted true politeness in the middle ages; or he may have wished to
+commemorate the day by building a house on the land to bear the name
+Hawksyard; but, however probable these surmises may be, there are many
+things in this alleged deed of gift which suggest a date much later than
+the reign of Richard II and cast a doubt as to its _bona fides_.
+
+In the first place it is obvious that the date 15th May 1399 cannot be
+correct, as John of Gaunt died in January or February 1398; further the
+deed states that the duke visited Highe Frith on the 10th May 1399, which
+was impossible; and it is perhaps equally surprising to find that a deed,
+dated in the reign of Richard II, should refer to the first year of
+Henry IV, whose reign had not then begun and might never have occurred.
+
+These impossible dates require explanation, but our difficulties do not
+end with dates; the writing in the John of Gaunt deed is not
+characteristic of the period, it is not uniform throughout, the body of
+the deed being written in characters of the rugged native script, the
+names of the witnesses being added in a flowing Italian hand of the
+Elizabethan period. Attention should also be called to the fact, that of
+the five witnesses in whose presence the duke is said to have affixed his
+seal, not one of them was above the rank of gentleman. The seal is
+impressed with a hunting horn, suggestive of forest heraldry, but the
+royal arms of the son of Edward III do not appear on this seal; and, if
+the hunting horn is in its proper heraldic position, the point of the
+shield is at the top.
+
+As above stated, the form of the deed is unusual and follows no
+precedent; many words are more suggestive of the classics than the
+customary usage of diplomatics in the 14th century. _Equitem_ takes the
+place of the more conventional _militem_; _nuncupatur_ is used instead of
+_vocat_ and _coram_ instead of _testibus_. Each of the first four
+witnesses is described as gent and the last as attorney, while Derby is
+written once in English; further, the exact legal effect of the deed
+seems to be intentionally vague; it is headed _conventum_, meaning a
+covenant, but in the subsequent deed of 1568 it is referred to as a
+grant. The full description of the land in the later deed, with all its
+boundaries and appurtenant rights, suggests that the Elizabethan
+draftsman had some doubt as to the true facts; these details being
+apparently exploited with some ulterior intent.
+
+In comparing the size make-up and general appearance of the two deeds, it
+is impossible not to see in them a strong resemblance; they are both
+typical of the time of Elizabeth, the deed of 1399 is too large and too
+coarse for a charter of that date. The fact that one is in Latin and the
+other in English makes the comparison less easy; but in both we find
+similar parchment ink and seals; the script is much the same in both
+deeds, each having the dates written in the same bold Arabic numerals;
+and the later recites the earlier deed.
+
+It would not be difficult to find other points of resemblance between
+these deeds; and it is impossible to compare them without coming to the
+conclusion that they were prepared at the same time by the same person,
+with the definite object of making a good title to the Hawksyard
+property, on the sale to John Weston.
+
+This forces us to the conclusion that the John of Gaunt deed is not
+altogether trustworthy; and we have to consider whether or not the
+information it contains, with regard to the origin of the place-name
+Hawksyard, can be relied on; or if we must treat its whole contents as
+pure fiction and entirely discredit all it tells us of the hawking party
+in Highe Frith.
+
+[Illustration: =Seal= of 15th May 1399.]
+
+There must be some explanation of this extraordinary deed; and it may yet
+be possible to find a solution of the problem. Here is the deed! How can
+we account for it? How much of what it tells us may we accept as truth?
+To what extent is its story supported by extraneous evidence?
+
+The points as to which we require information are; whether John of Gaunt
+was in a position to give and grant lands in the Highe Frith to Sir
+Edward Mundy or had he only the rights of an overlord? Why did he
+hesitate before complying with Sir EdwardaEuro(TM)s request? Was he in doubt as
+to whether the land were his to give or whether he held as tenant _in
+capite_? Did he execute a deed of gift or did the gift rest on a verbal
+promise, Sir Edward taking possession of the lands and converting them to
+his own use? Did the lawyer of 1568, who carried through the sale to
+Weston, act _ex fide bona_ and endeavour, according to his lights and the
+practice of his time, to put the title to Hawksyard in order, for the
+mutual benefit of both vendor and purchaser?
+
+For answers to these questions we must return to the days of John of
+Gaunt.
+
+In 1398 Richard II, seeing that his uncle John of Gaunt was in failing
+health and that JohnaEuro(TM)s son, Henry Bolingbroke earl of Hereford, might
+press his claim to the throne of England in case of RichardaEuro(TM)s death
+without issue, took advantage of a quarrel between Bolingbroke and the
+duke of Norfolk, in which each accused the other of treason, to banish
+them both from the realm.
+
+The loss of his son fell heavily on John of Gaunt, who died at the end of
+January or the beginning of February 1398; and it is important to bear in
+mind that the year 1399 began on the 25th March and not the 1st January.
+
+Richard, being free for a time from the menace of the House of Lancaster,
+seized the whole of the Lancastrian estates in the absence of the
+banished heir and crossed to Ireland to complete his conquests and
+strengthen his hold on that country.
+
+During RichardaEuro(TM)s absence in Ireland the banished Henry, hearing the news
+of his fatheraEuro(TM)s death and the confiscation of the Lancastrian estates,
+landed on the Yorkshire coast with a few trusted friends and three
+thousand men-at-arms.
+
+He was at once joined by the great barons of the north and with an army,
+which increased as it advanced, he ultimately reached London; where he
+was well received by the people, who were tired of Richard and looked to
+Henry as their future king.
+
+On hearing the news of HenryaEuro(TM)s return Richard, after much delay through
+rough weather, recrossed the Irish Channel to Milford Haven, only to find
+that both his friends and his armies in England had melted away and that
+his kingdom was lost.
+
+He was forced by Henry and his supporters to resign his crown and, in
+Westminster Hall on the 29th September 1399, his resignation was received
+with shouts of applause; on the following day his cousin Henry
+Bolingbroke, son and heir of John of Gaunt, was proclaimed King of
+England as Henry IV.
+
+On HenryaEuro(TM)s accession he regained the estates of the duchy of Lancaster,
+which however remained in his hands as crown property.
+
+The above events and the dates on which they occurred are of importance
+in considering the two Hawksyard deeds; and if we are to understand how
+and why they came into existence, we must also trace the early history of
+Highe Frith and learn something of the conditions then prevailing as to
+the holding and devolution of landed estates in England; more especially
+with regard to earldoms honours and manors, which formed the basis of the
+feudal system.
+
+When we clearly understand the way in which land in England was held in
+pre-reformation days, it will perhaps be possible to see whether the
+facts set forth in the deed of gift of the 15th May 1399 were consistent
+with the early history of the manor of Alstonefield; and whether John of
+Gaunt was shortly before his death in a legal position to comply with the
+request of Sir Edward Mundy.
+
+As already stated Hawksyard was in Highe Frith, part of the manor of
+Alstonefield, and a manor was an estate in fee simple in a tract of land
+granted by the sovereign to a subject, usually a man of some consequence,
+in consideration of certain services.
+
+He was the lord of the manor and he reserved for his own use such parts
+of the land as he required, which were called the demesne lands; other
+parts he granted out to his tenants, under varying conditions which
+included estates of inheritance, estates for life, for years and at will;
+the barren lands which remained in his hands were what was known as the
+commons and wastes of the manor or the foreign lands. The whole formed a
+manor or lordship which had its own courts and customs and enjoyed feudal
+privileges, which extended not only to the lands held by tenants but also
+to the commons and waste lands.
+
+When many manors, perhaps extending into several counties, were held by
+one great baron or overlord they formed an honour which was held of the
+king _in capite_; this was quite different in character to the manor. It
+was a jurisdiction, vested in private hands, and not a territorial
+possession; the lords of the manors retaining their separate manorial
+organisation and rendering suit and service to their overlord.
+
+Manors also formed part of the earldom or shire; for some time after the
+conquest an earl also had the title of count and from the counts the
+shires took the name of counties. The title however soon disappeared in
+England but we still retain countess, county and viscount.
+
+When a great earldom honour or manor fell by forfeiture or escheat into
+the hands of the sovereign which constantly happened, it retained its
+distinct corporate existence and the whole apparatus of jurisdiction or
+tenure. Under its own title it either continued in the possession of the
+sovereign or was granted out again as a hereditary fief.
+
+The manor of Alstonefield appears to have been included in different
+earldoms and different honours at different dates, prior to the time when
+it came into the hands of John of Gaunt and his first wifeaEuro(TM)s ancestors.
+
+At the taking of the Domesday survey in 1086, Alstonefield manor was held
+as a knightaEuro(TM)s fee by Robert count of Shrewsbury with William de Malbanc
+under him as lord of the manor. The Shrewsbury overlordship did not last
+long and Alstonefield, which seems to have been much in request, possibly
+owing to its grouse moor, was transferred to the honour of Chester under
+Hugh Lupus; to whom William had, three years after the conquest, given
+the earldom of Chester and William de Malbanc, of Wich Malbanc now
+Nantwich, held the position of lord marcher under Lupus, so that the
+lordship of Alstonefield formed part of the marchlands or boundaries of
+the honour of Chester on the east, over which William de Malbanc would
+have supreme control as lord of the marches.
+
+That part of the manor which lay between Leek and the river Dove,
+including the site of Hawksyard, was chiefly forest and moorland; shortly
+after the conquest and for many centuries after, it was known as Malbanc
+Forest; but in 1220 the Malbanc barony devolved on three co-heiresses,
+who held Alstonefield in co-parcenary.
+
+On the forfeiture of a third share by the eldest daughter, then countess
+of Warwick, it came into the possession of Hugh le Despencer, though how
+he got it is not clear, and this share included the tract of barren
+moorland known as Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest.
+
+In 1297, on the death of Edmund earl of Lancaster, the KingaEuro(TM)s Escheator
+held an inquisition at Tutbury for the county of Lancaster, to ascertain
+what knightaEuro(TM)s fees were due to the earl; the jury found _inter alia_ that
+Hugh le Despencer held one knightaEuro(TM)s fee in the manor of Altonesfelt
+(Alstonefield) worth yearly in homages etc. AL10. "Nomina Villarum" 1316
+gives Hugh le Despencer and Nicholas de Audeleye as owners of
+Alstonefield, a vill in the liberty of the earl of Lancaster, who had the
+return of all writs.
+
+In 1322 the estates of le Despencer were forfeited to the crown and
+subsequently bestowed by Edward III on Henry earl of Lancaster,
+grandfather of Blanche the wife of John of Gaunt.
+
+It may be helpful here to recall how John of Gaunt was created duke of
+Lancaster and became possessed of the Lancastrian estates, extending into
+Cheshire, Staffordshire and other counties.
+
+The first earl of Lancaster was Edmund called Crouchback second son of
+Henry III; in addition to his Lancastrian estates, his father bestowed on
+him the earldoms of Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, Salisbury and Chester.
+
+These passed on his death in 1296 to his eldest son Thomas earl of
+Lancaster, who was beheaded at Pontefract in 1322 when his estates were
+forfeited to the crown.[A] His widow was allowed to retain the Salisbury
+estate; and the other four earldoms were bestowed on his brother Henry
+earl of Lancaster, to whom one third share of Alstonefield manor was also
+given, so that he possessed not only the Lancastrian estates but also the
+earldoms of Derby (including the honour of Tutbury), Leicester, Lincoln,
+Chester and the territorial interest of a third of the manor of
+Alstonefield, including Malbanc Forest; of which Highe Frith was waste of
+the manor.
+
+Henry earl of Lancaster was succeeded by his son Henry, afterwards first
+duke of Lancaster, who had no son; of his two daughters, Maud married
+William of Bavaria and Blanche married John of Gaunt. Maud died without
+issue, whereupon the whole of the Lancastrian estates devolved on
+Blanche; and, in right of his wife, on her husband John of Gaunt, who was
+in 1362 created duke of Lancaster.
+
+It will be remembered that the seal attached to the deed of gift of the
+15th May 1399 bears a hunting horn; and in order to find some explanation
+of this seal it may be necessary to glance for a moment at the history of
+the honour of Tutbury, which as we have seen was included in the earldom
+of Derby and passed to John of Gaunt with that earldom.
+
+[Illustration: =The Tutbury Horn=, from a photograph in the reference
+library at Sheffield.]
+
+About the end of the 13th century, the important office of escheator and
+coroner throughout the whole honour of Tutbury within the county of
+Stafford, was claimed by Walter Agard who demanded to hold office by
+right of inheritance; but he was unable to produce any written evidence
+in support of his claim; and in lieu of charters or writings, he produced
+a white hunting horn garnished with silver-gilt in the middle and at
+both ends, to which was affixed a girdle of black silk adorned with
+buckles of silver, on which was placed the _insignia_ of Edmund earl of
+Lancaster; this horn was offered and accepted as the charter and evidence
+of title to the office of escheator and coroner, to which he made claim.
+
+It is not necessary to follow the devolution of the Tutbury Horn from
+Walter Agard; but in the 17th century, on the marriage of an heiress of
+Agard, it passed to the Stanhopes, who sold it with its offices in 1753
+to Samuel Foxlow of Staveley Hall, from him it ultimately passed to Henry
+Marwood Greaves of Banner Cross, Sheffield, and Ford Hall, Derbyshire,
+who once only exercised the right of appointment; and on his death in
+1859 his eldest son William Henry Greaves, who had assumed the surname of
+Greaves-Bagshawe in 1853, succeeded to the horn by inheritance, and
+appointed the next succeeding coroner. We shall have to consider whether
+the pendent seal of the alleged deed of gift can in any way be accounted
+for by the fact, that the honour of Tutbury was part of the duchy of
+Lancaster prior to John of GauntaEuro(TM)s death.
+
+[Illustration: =Seals= of 24th October 1568.]
+
+Let us now turn to the other party to the deed of gift, Sir Edward Mundy.
+
+In BurkeaEuro's "Commoners of England" 1836, it is suggested that the Mundy
+family derived its name from Mondaye Abbey in the dukedom of Normandy;
+and it may be, that Sir Edward Mundy or his father fought with John of
+Gaunt in the wars with France and Spain.
+
+It seems probable, from what we find in the earlier deed, that the duke
+and Sir Edward were close personal friends; and it may possibly have been
+through the influence of John of Gaunt, that Sir Edward Mundy or his
+father settled near Derby. However that may be, we are told that Sir
+Edward entertained the duke at Markeaton and returned with him to
+Lancaster Castle.
+
+Vincent Mundy of Markeaton was a justice of the peace for the county of
+Derby in 1558 and his son Edward died in 1607.
+
+Burke also tells us that "from old deeds in existence it appears that the
+family held lands in the year 1399"; it may be and seems highly probable
+that he was referring to the deed of gift and the grant above described,
+to which he presumably had access and gave credence.
+
+On the other hand the two Lysons, in their work on Derbyshire, say that
+the Mundys did not buy the Markeaton property until the beginning of the
+sixteenth century. Perhaps at that date they added to their original
+holding?
+
+We now have some idea of how matters stood in 1399 and 1568; we are
+therefore in a better position to consider whether the deeds of Richard
+II and Elizabeth can be relied on as giving the origin and early history
+of the place-name Hawksyard.
+
+Assuming for the moment that the two deeds were prepared at the same time
+and by the same hand, it is necessary to consider the position as it
+presented itself to the attorney, who in 1568 was instructed to carry out
+the sale of Hawksyard to John Weston. He possibly may have acted for both
+vendor and purchaser and been anxious to do his best for both his
+clients. He would, on receiving his instructions, ask the vendor for his
+title deeds; the answer would presumably be that there were no such
+deeds; but it was probably well known in the vendoraEuro(TM)s family and possibly
+also to John Weston, that Hawksyard had been given to Sir Edward Mundy by
+John of Gaunt shortly before his death, after enjoying a dayaEuro(TM)s hawking in
+Highe Frith, the tradition of which would hang round The Moorlands for
+centuries; perhaps letters or diaries would be produced with sufficient
+detail to satisfy the purchaser of the truth of the tradition.
+
+The attorney would perhaps be in doubt, whether this traditional gift was
+a grant of the fee simple or a mere sporting right over certain waste
+lands belonging to the manor of Alstonefield, part of the duchy; which
+right would be what is known as a right of common in gross. The vendors
+were doubtless in actual possession and their ancestors had held it for
+nearly two hundred years; under circumstances such as these the Courts of
+Common Law, in the absence of the tradition, would have assumed a lost
+grant, made prior to the reign of Richard I, which is supposed to be
+equivalent to immemorial user; but the family tradition as to John of
+Gaunt fixes the lost grant in the reign of Richard II, which would not
+support a claim by immemorial user. Under these circumstances and in the
+absence of any title deeds, the attorney seems to have taken upon himself
+the responsibility of creating a root of title, based on the tradition
+and possibly what he considered satisfactory recorded evidence; in doing
+this he exercised neither artfulness nor skill. He hesitated whether to
+make it an agreement or a grant, he neglected to use the 14th century
+common form of such a document, he blundered sadly in the dates, and he
+referred in the deed, which he dated in the reign of Richard II, to a
+reign which had not then begun. There would be a difficulty as to the
+witnesses, and it may be that those named were taken from some deed of
+1399 to which he had access, notwithstanding the fact that these five
+witnesses were not suitable or likely witnesses for the sealing by John
+of Gaunt; there was also the difficulty of the seal, and as probably no
+seal of John of Gaunt was available, a forest seal, perhaps of the honour
+of Tutbury, was used; Alstonefield manor being within that honour, and
+the deed of the 15th May 1399 was the result; which did well enough to
+hand to the purchaser, as the root of title to Hawksyard, along with his
+conveyance from Vincent Mundy and his son. Even if the parties to the
+transaction knew of what was being done they would doubtless be well
+pleased to have the John of Gaunt tradition put on record; and the
+enterprising attorney would probably be thanked and well paid for his
+trouble and resource. There does not appear to have been any fraudulent
+intention to improperly acquire any land or other benefit, though such a
+counterfeit in these days would be fraught with risk to all parties
+concerned; but in the time of Elizabeth, the law of real property rested
+less on statute and more on the unwritten law; which was interpreted and
+applied loosely and without supervision.[B] The effect of this _ex post
+facto_ apograph was twofold and benefited both sides. The vendors put on
+permanent record their treasured family tradition and the purchaser got a
+root of title, which might be of value to him in case of re-sale. It
+would be interesting to know why the Mundys barred the entail and sold
+Hawksyard, with its sporting tradition; it may have been that the
+chancellor of the duchy had, at a then recent date, raised the question
+as to whether the Mundy family originally had an estate in fee simple or
+a right of common in gross; and that they as owners thought they would
+act wisely in selling to a purchaser for value.
+
+Whatever the reason may have been for the sale of Hawksyard in 1568, it
+passed by the deed of Elizabeth from the Mundy family to John Weston of
+Mackworth, and is now held and enjoyed under prescriptive right, which
+makes its past history of little consequence, so far as the present
+owner, Mr Robert Shirley of Waterhouse Farm, near Longnor, is concerned.
+
+His numerous deeds and papers relating to Hawksyard include an abstract
+of title beginning in the 14th year of Elizabeth (10th July 1572), when
+John Weston and Katherine his wife sold Hawksyard to Ralph Bradbury who,
+as appears from the grant to John Weston, was in 1568 the tenant of
+Hawksyard; so that John Weston owned the property for less than four
+years and then sold it to his tenant Ralph Bradbury, who in May 1573
+settled it on his younger son Otwell.
+
+Forty-two years later, on the 11th May 1615, Otwell Bradbury and Ralph
+his son and heir sold Hawksyard to Henry Cock for AL400. For many years
+the estate remained in the possession of the Cock family, who sold it to
+Ralph Wood of Leek Abbey, the Cistercian monastery Dieu-la-Cresse, and on
+the 5th April 1800 Hawksyard passed into the possession of John Shirley
+of Rewlach, the great grandfather of the present owner.
+
+In 1850 some closes, part of Hawksyard, lying on the west side of the
+road leading from Newtown to Warslow, were exchanged for adjacent closes,
+part of the late Sir John Harpur CreweaEuro(TM)s estates. With this exception,
+the Hawksyard estate seems to follow the boundaries set forth in the deed
+of 1399, and HarrisonaEuro(TM)s Intake, Low Meadow, Rye Meadow, Kiln Croft and
+Spout Field of that date still exist and appear in the description of the
+lands in the 19th century title deeds. On the front of the house are two
+dates, one above the other, the lower one is "H C 1620" and the upper one
+is "H C 1784"; both these dates occur during the ownership of the Cock
+family, and the initials "H C" probably indicate Henry Cock.
+
+Hawksyard of to-day is a substantial farmstead of eighty acres, with a
+good house and farm buildings occupied by Mr ShirleyaEuro(TM)s son Edwin Leslie
+Shirley; it is bounded on every side by lands of Sir Vauncey Harpur Crewe
+of Calke Abbey and Warslow Hall, but it has never formed part of the
+encircling Harpur estate, which we may assume was crown property; and the
+grant to the Harpurs of these surrounding lands may have given rise to a
+discussion as to the Hawksyard title, and possibly suggested to the
+Mundys the desirability of the sale to Weston. If the surrounding lands
+were granted by the crown, leaving Hawksyard an isolated and independent
+holding, there seems to have been a recognition of the Mundy title and a
+strong vindication of the Hawksyard tradition.
+
+Of the places referred to in the deeds, Boothesley (now spelt Boosley)
+Grange still stands; Bank or Over Boothesley is now Bank House and the
+"pearle of water" is Boosley Brook. Highe Frith and Malbanc Forest are
+not on the ordnance map and are almost forgotten in the district; but
+Lady Edge is still in daily use, and the existence to-day of these
+medieval place-names seems to strengthen the probability of the story of
+John of GauntaEuro(TM)s visit to the Highe Frith.
+
+If ramblers on foot and on wheels, when passing the east end of the
+church and the adjoining school of Newtown, will stop for a moment to
+glance down on Hawksyard, two fields to the east and up to Lady Edge half
+a mile to the south-west; it will not be difficult to reconstruct the
+scene of the hawking, when
+
+    "Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster"
+
+visited Highe Frith of Malbanc Forest more than five centuries ago and
+first gave the name Hawksyard.
+
+[Illustration: SHEFFIELD]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] It may be of interest to mention, that in 1867 while ridging potatoes
+in a field at Boosley Grange, known as Boosley Folly Meadow, a number of
+silver medieval coins were found, which had presumably been lost or
+hidden in the difficult times through which The Moorlands passed, during
+the fierce struggle between Edward II and his cousin Thomas the great
+earl of Lancaster; who in his headlong flight from Tutbury Castle up the
+valley of the Dove lost a military chest containing over 100,000 similar
+coins, English, Scotch and Flemish, in the river, which was found in
+1831, embedded deep in the mud at the ford below the castle.
+
+[B] The reverend Joseph Hunter, in a Memoir on the ancient family of
+Wilson of Broomhead Hall, Bradfield, published in _The Yorkshire
+Archaeological and Topographical Journal_ volume v. calls attention to
+what he describes as a surreptitious Bradfield deed, dated in the feast
+of saint Martin in winter (11th November) 22 Richard II and anno domini
+1399; whereas the feast of saint Martin 1399 was not in the reign of
+Richard II but in the first year of Henry IV; he further points out that
+even if the news of the accession of Henry had not reached the wilds of
+Bradfield by the 11th November, the feast of saint Martin 1399 would have
+fallen in the 23rd year of Richard II and not the 22nd, as stated in the
+deed.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBERSaEuro(TM) NOTES
+
+General: No attempt has been made to standardise spelling within the
+charters; they are rendered as in the original text.
+
+Page 28: Hawsksyard corrected to Hawksyard after "In 1850 some closes,
+part of"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sheffield and its Environs 13th to the
+17th century, by Thomas Walter Hall
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