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diff --git a/37063-8.txt b/37063-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4df65b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/37063-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,810 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of George Morland, by Edward D. Cuming + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: George Morland + Sixteen examples in colour of the artist's work + +Author: Edward D. Cuming + +Illustrator: George Morland + +Release Date: August 13, 2011 [EBook #37063] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEORGE MORLAND *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive) + + + + + + + + + BRITISH + ARTISTS + + GEORGE MORLAND + + + + [Illustration: The Dipping-Well (Cover Page)] + + + + IN THE SAME SERIES + + BIRKET FOSTER, R.W.S. + JOHN PETTIE, R.A., H.R.S.A. + KATE GREENAWAY + + A. AND C. BLACK . SOHO SQUARE . LONDON, W. + + + AGENTS + + AMERICA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY + 64 & 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK + + AUSTRALASIA OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS + 205 FLINDERS LANE, MELBOURNE + + CANADA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD. + ST. MARTIN'S HOUSE, 70 BOND STREET, TORONTO + + INDIA MACMILLAN & COMPANY, LTD. + MACMILLAN BUILDING, BOMBAY + 309 BOW BAZAAR STREET, CALCUTTA + + + + [Illustration: Confidences] + + + + GEORGE MORLAND + + SIXTEEN EXAMPLES IN COLOUR + OF THE ARTIST'S WORK + + WITH + AN INTRODUCTION + BY + E. D. CUMING + + [Illustration] + + PUBLISHED BY A. & C. BLACK + 4, 5 & 6 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON + MCMX + + + + +LIST OF PLATES + + + OWNER OF ORIGINAL + + 1. Confidences _Mrs. Carl Meyer_ + + 2. Idleness _Sir Edward Tennant, Bart._ + + 3. Diligence " + + 4. Belinda, Billet-Doux _T. J. Barratt, Esq._ + + 5. The Effects of Youthful Extravagance + and Idleness _Sir Walter Gilbey, Bart._ + + [A]6. The Dipping-Well " + + 7. The Deserter's Farewell " + + 8. The Deserter Pardoned _Barnet Lewis, Esq._ + + 9. The Fox Inn _Sir Walter Gilbey, Bart._ + + 10. Gathering Sticks " + + 11. Morning; or, The Benevolent Sportsman _J. Beecham, Esq._ + + 12. Farmyard _T. J. Barratt, Esq._ + + 13. Gipsies in a Wood _Sir Walter Gilbey, Bart._ + + 14. Evening; or, The Post-Boy's Return _Lord Swaythling_ + + 15. Winter: Skating _Sir Walter Gilbey, Bart._ + + 16. Justice; or, The Merciless Bailiff " + + [A] On the cover + + + + +GEORGE MORLAND + +(Born June 26, 1763; died October 29, 1804) + + +The son of Henry Robert, who combined with the exercise of the painter's +art the work of cleaning and restoring old pictures, it may fairly be +said of George Morland that he was reared in the studio. His genius +betrayed itself at a very early age, some chalk drawings tinged with +crayon which he produced when ten years old being exhibited in the Royal +Academy. Such education as he received was given him at home; but it +would seem that his father kept him too closely at work with pencil and +brush to leave the boy opportunity of gleaning knowledge from books. + +When fourteen years old, his father bound him apprentice to himself, +having ere then fully recognized the artistic genius which promised him +material advantages. Others than his father recognized George Morland's +genius: Sir Joshua Reynolds, who gave the boy the run of his studio, +urged that he be brought up in "the grand line" of art; and when his +indentures expired, Romney offered to take him as pupil at a salary of +£300 a year. Sir Joshua's recommendation was declined by the father; to +Romney's offer George would have nothing to say. + +George was slow to discover a spirit of independence, even when he came +of age, remaining at home for at least six months after he had reached +man's estate. His independent career began in 1785, when he was +twenty-two years old. Having escaped from the hands of an Irish +picture-dealer who worked him for his own advantage, he spent a few +months at Margate, devoting himself with success to the painting of +portraits he had been invited to do by a Mrs. Hill. He seems to have +been tolerably industrious, for he was able to live in comfort and to +share the amusements offered by a then fashionable watering-place. On +his own showing he began to acquire at this period a taste for drink; +but he was young, of robust constitution and fond of exercise, and his +indulgence was not excessive. + +After his return to London in 1786, he lived sometimes with his parents, +and sometimes elsewhere. Among his acquaintances he numbered William +Ward, the famous engraver, who had, ere this time, reproduced at least +one of Morland's pictures. He became a frequent visitor at Ward's house +at Kensal Green, and before long took up his quarters with the family, +consisting of the engraver, his mother, and two sisters. Anne Ward, a +very beautiful girl, soon captivated Morland, and they were married at +St. Paul's, Hammersmith, on September 22, 1786. + +He appears to have been steady and industrious during his residence at +Kensal Green, and he continued to work hard for the first few months +after his marriage, which was followed a month later by the wedding of +William Ward to Maria Morland. + +A joint establishment set up by the two young couples in High Street, +Marylebone, endured for about three months; a quarrel ended in +separation, and the Morlands found new quarters in Great Portland +Street. It was during his early married life that the artist painted, +among others, the six famous pictures known as the "Lætitia Series," for +which his wife sat as model. The move to Great Portland Street was the +first of the numerous changes of residence made by Morland during his +married life. During the first two years these changes were dictated by +the success which enabled him to house himself more comfortably; but the +period of steadiness and hard work was so brief that it may be dismissed +in a few lines. The advent of a still-born child, and the knowledge that +he might not hope to be a father, appear to have been the means of +unsettling him in his domestic capacity; and the indifference of his +wife to the music he loved may have contributed to the same end; but the +fact remains that within a year of marriage Morland began to neglect +her. He acquired the habit of making trips into the country during the +day and resorting to musical gatherings at night, leaving Mrs. Morland +much to her own devices. + +He was not idle in the ordinary sense of the word. Gifted with +extraordinary facility, he painted numerous pictures which, if sold in +business-like fashion, would have produced enough to raise him to +affluence; but he had inherited from his father, in intensified form, a +singular lack of common sense. He sold his pictures for any sum that +might be offered, regardless of the fact that the purchasers took them +direct to dealers in the certainty of disposing of them for double the +money. Even while working on these lines his prolific brush and steadily +increasing reputation enabled him to make a good income; but success, if +the expression may be used, "went to his head." He launched out into the +wildest extravagance, regulating his expenditure by the ease with which +he could borrow rather than by the ease with which he could earn, and +while he had cash in his pocket he would not work. As his reputation +grew, largely through the medium of the engravings made from his +pictures, the anxiety of dealers and others to secure works from his +easel grew in ratio with it; his natural readiness to borrow was +encouraged on every side by those who intended, or hoped, to obtain in +pictures more than the equivalent of the money they advanced, and +Morland gave promissory notes with joyful recklessness, absolutely +indifferent to the load of debt he was rolling up. + +The inevitable crash came in 1789, when for the first time he found it +expedient to fly from his creditors. There is evidence in the shape of +pictures to show that he sought refuge in the Isle of Wight; but he did +not long remain there. His legal adviser, Mr. Wedd, took his affairs in +hand, and he returned to London to go into temporary hiding while +matters were adjusted by means of a "Letter of Licence," a document +which secured him from arrest by making terms with his creditors. Under +this bond he pledged himself to pay off his liabilities at the rate of +£120 a month. How his credit declined in subsequent years is proved by +the series of "Letters of Licence" procured for him. These respectively +pledged him to pay £100, £50, and the last only £10, per month. + +Perhaps the most pathetic feature of Morland's career is the +circumstance that the period which saw his greatest exertions to escape +from creditors coincided with that during which he produced his finest +work. "Inside of a Stable" (now in the National Gallery, and known as +"The Farmer's Stable") attracted universal attention when exhibited at +the Royal Academy of 1791, and raised the painter's fame to its zenith. +Commissions for pictures, with advances of money, were pressed upon him +on all sides; Morland accepted the cash, promised the pictures, and +launched out into wilder extravagance. He kept eight horses, or more, +for the country excursions on which his friends joined him; he +entertained lavishly; he drew round him a disreputable crew of +prize-fighters and similar characters, who lived upon him; and he +scattered money with a reckless hand. He could always find those who +were eager to lend, and, revelling in the ease with which he could raise +money, would not paint until he felt the pinch of need. When out of +funds he would work, and did so with the amazing speed and deftness that +stamp him a genius. There is no doubt that he drank at this time, but +his love of riding and outdoor life enabled him to throw off the effects +of over-indulgence. + +His career from 1791 to 1799 was one long series of flights from one +place to another to avoid the creditors who pressed for money. From time +to time Mr. Wedd arranged his affairs in such wise that he could show +his face in London; and at other times men who wanted pictures relieved +him from his difficulties to the same end; but viewing these nine years +as a whole, the general impression left on the mind is one of a hunted +animal--now in hiding in the Isle of Wight, now in Leicestershire, now +in mean lodgings in a poor part of London, now out of sight. It is only +occasionally that we can trace his place of abode. He would go into +hiding, with friend or servant sworn to secrecy, and while in hiding +would work, and his companion would bring his paintings up to London and +dispose of them. + +In 1798 he spent six months at Hackney, comparatively free from the +attentions of creditors, and during this brief period he executed some +pictures which compare favourably with those painted in his best years +(1790-1793). + +The improvement was not maintained. Morland, whose nerves were now +suffering from the periodical debauches in which he indulged, and also, +no doubt, from the ceaseless pressure of creditors, left Hackney and +found refuge first in London and then in the Isle of Wight; and from the +Island he came, in December, 1799, to seek escape by procuring his own +arrest at the hands of friends. Nominally a prisoner in King's Bench, he +was "granted the rules," and took a house in St. George's Fields, where +he lived for a couple of years with his wife and his brother Henry. +When granted his release under 41 Geo. III., he remained in St. George's +Fields for a few months, and then, for the sake of change, went to +Highgate. From this time, during the few remaining years of his life, +Morland was an irreclaimable drunkard. His constitution was undermined, +he could no longer take horse exercise, and his excesses told upon him +rapidly. To the fact that he was now unable to work until he had taken +stimulant is due the common report that he "painted best when drunk." +Nevertheless, his reputation remained, and he was overwhelmed by +attentions from those who wanted pictures. The great aim of these +patrons now was to induce him to live with them that they might exercise +some control over his propensity for liquor, and keep him at work. His +brother Henry was most successful in this regard; for some considerable +time George lived with him, and, during his frequently broken stay, +painted a very large number of pictures, Henry paying him a specified +sum per day. This has been stated as £2 2s. and £4 4s., but in either +case Henry's profits must have been great. + +Collins, one of Morland's biographers, has given us a melancholy +word-picture of the artist in these, his later days--besodden with +drink, his face showing every sign of excess; nerves gone, sight +failing, one hand palsied; yet able to produce works for which everyone +clamoured. + +Leaving his brother's house, he went from one friend to another. For +many months he occupied lodgings in a sponging-house in Rolls Buildings, +kept by a sheriff's officer named Donatty; here he was free to come and +go as he pleased, yet was secure from arrest, and Donatty became the +owner of a number of fine pictures. + +It was soon after he left Rolls Buildings to reside with some other +friend that he was arrested for the last time. The sum due was trifling, +but Morland had no means of discharging it, and was conveyed to a +sponging-house in Eyre Place, Eyre Street Hill, Hatton Garden. Refusing +the offers of friends to pay the debt, he insisted on remaining in +custody. He had frequently shown bitter resentment at the way his +quondam friends worked him for their own advantage, and preferred to +stay where he was. He strove to work; but the overtaxed brain and body +refused, and while at his easel he fell from his chair in a fit. For +eight days he lay almost insensible with brain fever, and then, without +recovering consciousness, he died. + +George Morland's was a singular character. His love of flattery and +dread of affront may account for his choice of companions; he shrank +from association with his social superiors, finding congenial friends +among pugilists, grooms, sweeps, and persons whom he suffered to profit +by his recklessness in money matters. Endowed with a keen sense of +humour, whose artistic expression found vent in caricature, he found his +principal amusement in playing schoolboy practical jokes. George Dawe +hits off his character in a sentence when he says that Morland "never +became a man"; throughout his life his faults were the faults of a boy +and his virtues the virtues of a boy. + +He and his wife were unhappy together and miserable apart. When he had a +home she shared it, and if he had not, he sent her money--when he could. +That he inspired her to the utmost with the affection he was able to +engage from all who came in contact with him, is proved by the fact that +news of his death killed her. + +Morland's art embraced great variety of subjects. His earlier popular +successes were achieved by his figure paintings, and of these it is +worth noticing that among the best were pictures which pointed morals he +studiously ignored in his own career. The great popularity of W. R. +Bigg's pictures of child-life led the dealers to persuade Morland to +take up the same line of work, and in his pictures of child-life the +artist shows himself what we know him to have been--a lover of children +and one who had perfect understanding of them. The insight with which +he portrayed children is only equalled by that which distinguishes his +animal paintings. Morland's horses, ponies, asses, calves, and pigs, are +entirely his own; they possess a character which stamps them as the work +of one who had almost uncanny knowledge. He rarely painted a well-bred +horse; the animal that appealed to him was the farmer's work-horse or +the slave of the carter, and on these he expended his greatest skill. +Only an artist who was also a horseman could paint the horse as he +painted it. He has been described as a "pig painter," but this refers +rather to the success with which he proved the artistic possibilities of +subjects so unpromising than to the number of works in which pigs occur, +though it is admitted that he was fond of painting such pictures. His +asses and calves, in their kind, are equal to his horses; cows he seldom +painted, and when he essayed to do sheep he was not conspicuously +successful. + +The composition of his works is rarely otherwise than pleasing, a point +the more worthy of notice when we remember that he never made studies, +but developed the picture under his hand as he worked upon it. The +straightforward simplicity, the absence of subtlety of his art, may +perhaps be in some measure an outcome of his method. His schemes of +colouring were subdued rather than brilliant; one of his few principles +of painting was that a touch of pure red should appear in every picture, +and we very generally find it. + +Once Morland left his father's roof, his artistic education in one sense +ceased. He took not the slightest interest in the works of other +painters of whatever period; on the contrary, he avoided study of art +lest he should become an imitator; and went direct to Nature for all he +required. To this practice we may attribute his originality. + +Since I had the pleasure of collaborating with Sir Walter Gilbey in +writing the biography of the painter, it has been pointed out that the +artist with whom George Morland has more in common than any is Jean +Baptiste Siméon Chardin (1699-1779). The resemblance between the figure +subjects in which each excelled is certainly striking; and this +resemblance, regarded in conjunction with the French nationality of +Morland's mother, has evoked the suggestion that the English painter may +have derived hereditary talent from the maternal side. Search through +the registers of the churches of the parish in which Henry Robert +Morland lived fails to reveal entry relating to his marriage. It may be +recalled, however, that Chardin's two daughters died in infancy. + + E. D. CUMING. + + +[Illustration: Idleness] + + +[Illustration: Diligence] + + +[Illustration: Belinda, Billet-Doux] + + +[Illustration: The Effects of Youthful Extravagance and Idleness] + + +[Illustration: The Deserter's Farewell] + + +[Illustration: The Deserter Pardoned] + + +[Illustration: The Fox Inn] + + +[Illustration: Gathering Sticks] + + +[Illustration: Morning; or, The Benevolent Sportsman] + + +[Illustration: Farmyard] + + +[Illustration: Gipsies in a Wood] + + +[Illustration: Evening; or, The Post-Boy's Return] + + +[Illustration: Winter: Skating] + + +[Illustration: Justice; or, The Merciless Bailiff] + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of George Morland, by Edward D. 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