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diff --git a/36449.txt b/36449.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4561f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/36449.txt @@ -0,0 +1,708 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Nineteenth Century Apostle of the +Little Ones, by E. Uhlrich + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Nineteenth Century Apostle of the Little Ones + +Author: E. Uhlrich + +Release Date: June 16, 2011 [EBook #36449] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK +THE NINETEENTH CENTURY APOSTLE OF THE LITTLE ONES *** + + + + +Produced by Michael Gray, Diocese of San Jose + + + + +THE NINETEENTH CENTURY APOSTLE OF THE LITTLE ONES. + +BY E. UHLRICH. + + + +An article published in THE CATHOLIC WORLD in 1903, about Don Bosco. +Today, he is better known as Saint John Bosco, the patron saint of young +people. + +[Illustration: Don Bosco and Bartholomew Garelli.] + + +WHEN one man in his lifetime has cared for, trained, and sent out into +the world, as useful and law-abiding citizens, ten million children, +then the attention of people may well be drawn to him again and again, +for it is the lives of such men that keep the heart of the world from +despair. + +He who was to have such wonderful sympathy and even more wonderful +influence on neglected and unfortunate childhood and youth, began his +life as a poor, hardworking boy, even as St. Vincent de Paul did in his +day. Giovanni Bosco was his name, and he was the son of humble peasants +and herded his father's sheep until he was fifteen years old. Then a +kindly priest discovered the boy's unusual gifts of mind and heart, and +taught him the elements of Latin and Greek. After that Giovanni was sent +to the seminary at Chieri, where he was ordained to the priesthood in +1841. Full of zeal to fit himself for his work as a shepherd of souls, +he went to Turin and entered an institute for the training of priests in +practical work. + +It is notable that his first experience was in visiting prisons. Here +his heart and mind were touched by the spectacle of the many youthful +criminals he met, and he was constantly thinking how to reclaim them +and, even more important, how to prevent them from entering upon +criminal ways at all. + +It was on the 8th of December, in 1841, that Don Bosco found, in a most +humble occurrence, the occasion which showed him the mission for which +God had destined him. It was, as so often happens, but a simple thing; +but, when we are open to the guidance of the Divine Will, the simplest +things may have the greatest import. There was no boy to serve his Mass, +and a street-boy, who happened to look into the sacristy, was asked by +the sexton to do so. + +"I do not know how," said the boy. + +"Never mind," said the sexton; "I'll show you what to do." + +"But I never was at Mass before." + +"Stupid creature!" said the sexton, angry now, "what are you doing here +then?" And he boxed the boy's ears so hard that the little fellow went +off crying. At this Don Bosco turned around and reproved the astonished +sexton for his crossness. + +"But what difference does that make to your reverence?" + +"It makes a great deal of difference to me, for that boy is my friend. +Call him back at once; I must talk to him." + +The sexton did so and the poor boy came back; Don Bosco asked him kindly +if he had never heard Mass before, and he said "No." + +"Then," said Don Bosco, "stay for this Mass which I am going to +celebrate, and when it is over I shall talk to you a little while, if +you will wait." + +The boy, whose heart had been won by Don Bosco's kindly manner, gladly +agreed to stay. + +After Mass, Don Bosco said to him: "What is your name, my little +friend?" + +"Bartolomeo Garelli." + +"Where are you from?" + +"Asti." + +"Is your father still living?" + +"No, he is dead." + +"And your mother?" + +"She is dead too." + +"How old are you?" + +"I am fifteen years old." + +"Can you read and write?" + +"I don't know anything at all." + +"Did you make your first Communion?" + +"No, not yet." + +"Did you ever go to confession?" + +"I did when I was very little." + +"Why don't you go to Sunday-school?" + +"I am ashamed because the other boys are all younger than I am and know +so much more, and I always have such old clothes." + +"If I were to teach you all by yourself, would you like to come?" + +"Oh I would be very glad to come, if no one would box my ears for +coming." + +"You need not be afraid of any one. You are my friend now; no one else +will have anything to say to you. When shall we begin?" + +"Whenever it pleases you, father." + +"Very well, we will begin at once." + +Don Bosco found that the boy did not even know how to make the sign of +the cross. Yet this poor, untaught child of the street became the +corner-stone, so to say, of Don Bosco's life-work. In a little while +Bartolomeo brought friends of his along, and they in turn brought their +friends. By the 25th of March, in 1842, there were thirty members of Don +Bosco's class. Some of them were apprentices to the different trades, +some were street vagabonds, and some of them grown men. The next year +there were three hundred of them. Don Bosco had to find a place of +meeting larger than his little sacristy; but, alas! no sooner was he +well established in his new quarters than notice was given him to move. + +People insisted that they did not want him and his noisy, disreputable +vagabonds in their own respectable neighborhood. When, at last, there +seemed no hope of finding a suitable meeting place in the city for his +boys he did not despair. For two months, each Sunday he led them out +into the suburbs of Turin, said Mass for them in some church, then +taught them under the open sky. Afterwards he let them play games and +amuse themselves, and in the evening the whole crowd went back into the +city, singing hymns as they went. + +In 1844, with the help of some kindly priests, Don Bosco opened the +first night schools, teaching reading, writing, and arithmetic. These +schools were soon imitated all over Italy. + +Don Bosco, however, continued to meet with trials and tribulations in +his work, as seems true in every good cause. His plans were so novel and +so large that he was even accused of being crazy. A crazy man, however, +ought to be out of harm's way, and so it was quietly arranged that Don +Bosco should be taken to an insane asylum. Two prominent gentlemen of +Turin were to manage his transfer to the asylum. They hired a closed +carriage and drove to Don Bosco's house. He received them very kindly, +and soon was talking to them enthusiastically about the oratorium and +the great church he wanted to build, the schools and the workshops which +would be grouped around this centre. He spoke so glowingly that one +could have thought he saw the whole thing before his eyes. The gentlemen +looked at each other knowingly, as if to say: "It is plain that he is +out of his mind." + +"A little fresh air will be good for you, Don Bosco," one of them +ventured. "We have a carriage outside. You might drive a little way with +us." + +Don Bosco smiled and went out with the two gentlemen. They stepped back +in order to let him enter first, but he begged them to precede him. They +did so and then Don Bosco hastily shut the carriage door and called out +to the driver, "Ready." + +The driver had been instructed to drive to the asylum as fast as the +horses could go, and not to mind any possible protests or resistance. So +he started off at a gallop at Don Bosco's word. + +When the carriage arrived at the asylum, the gentlemen inside were in +such a rage that the superintendent ordered them put into separate cells +at once, and, if necessary, in straitjackets. Luckily for them, the +chaplain of the asylum knew them, and they were let go about their +business. However, they at least were convinced that Don Bosco was saner +than some people thought him, and did not wish to be the agents of any +more forced cures for him. + +Don Bosco's trials now took another form. The police of Turin began to +take note of his boys and to suspect in them potential socialists. +Indeed, the very existence of the work was threatened, when King Charles +Albert, then King of Sardinia, took personal action in behalf of "Don +Bosco's young rogues," as he put it, and even sent sixty dollars to help +the work along. With that the worst storms were over. Don Bosco +organized his Oratorium of St. Francis of Sales, as he called his +meeting place, for he had a special devotion to St. Francis. He chose +the name "Oratorium" because the earliest meetings were in the chapel in +which he met that first, pitifully ignorant street boy. + +In the spring of 1846, however, he was homeless once more--put out again +for the sake of his boys. Thereupon he leased a piece of enclosed land +outside of the city. Here, in the open air, under the free sky, the +Sunday meetings were again held undisturbed. Early in the morning Don +Bosco was there, seated on a grassy mound and hearing confessions. Some +of the boys were kneeling near by, waiting their turn, others were +saying their prayers, and still others, farther away, were quietly +playing. At nine o'clock Don Bosco called his boys together. He had no +bell, so one of the boys beat on an ancient drum as a signal. Then he +separated them into little divisions, and sent each division into a +particular church to hear Mass. Later they returned, and there was +Sunday-school, games, and singing. + +After awhile a little shed near by was rented and arranged for a chapel. +In the fall of 1846 he added a few rooms, and thus he began his first +school. To be sure the boys' dormitory was nothing but a hayloft pressed +into service, while the housekeeper was Don Bosco's sturdy peasant +mother, who had come to the city to help on the work of her beloved son. + +In 1851 he was able to build a church dedicated to St. Francis de Sales, +and two new houses. + +Now there is a magnificent group of buildings on this same land. The +church is in the centre; two imposing wings are the "Oratorium," of +which Don Bosco had dreamed and talked so enthusiastically that once +people even thought him crazy. The dream has more than come true. There +is a little town in itself here. All about are buildings representing +various kinds of trades and activity. There is a great printing +establishment with ten presses, a book bindery, a large locksmith shop, +a carpentering shop, a shoe factory, and a tailoring establishment. +There are, moreover, libraries, study-rooms, classrooms, dormitories, +gardens, and playgrounds. Over one thousand people live here and follow +their various employments. + +Don Bosco is dead; he died on January 31, 1888. But his work went on +under Don Michelle Rua, who was himself an orphan, raised and trained by +Don Bosco. Here, in the mother house, are some thirty Salesian priests, +as the members of the congregation founded by Don Bosco, at the +suggestion of Minister Ratazzi, are called; nearly two hundred Salesian +brothers, who are the master workmen, and four hundred students. In +addition to the resident pupils that are being trained and cared for, +about five hundred boys and apprentices spend their Sundays and +recreation hours at the institution, something in the way in which +children in this country go to the Settlements that have been +established here and there in the large cities. + +More than one hundred and fifty of these institutions were founded by +Don Bosco in Italy, France, Spain, the Tyrol, and England. He also +founded a sisterhood, so as to be able to take care of young girls as +well as of boys, and to help in the missions which he established in +South America, especially in Patagonia, where fourteen thousand savages +were baptized by his missionaries before Don Bosco's death. Latterly the +sisterhood he founded has been working among the neglected Italians in +this country too, especially in New Orleans, and there are Salesian +Fathers of Don Bosco in New York City. This special missionary work, +however, was not counted in the general estimate of the ten million +children saved by Don Bosco. + +Every year eighteen thousand apprentices leave his institutions and go +out to work, trained in body and mind for contact with the world. + +As a means of maintaining his work, Don Bosco founded a third society to +which men and women, lay or clerical, can belong, their object being to +help provide means for this great work, and the Holy Father himself +belongs to this third society. + +In appearance Don Bosco, the simple country boy, who was destined to do +this great work in this day and age, and to show the world one true way +of helping to solve the problems of labor and capital and government +that disturb the nations of the earth so much now, was a tall man of +very pleasing features and manner. He was not very eloquent as a talker, +but his heart was filled with a heavenly love for poor and unhappy +childhood. Few of us are so limited in means, or in opportunity, but we +can follow him a little way. Even the young children who go to Sunday-school +often know, or could easily learn, of some neglected child that +has perhaps no parents, or has parents who have no faith, and which +therefore hears nothing of religion and of right. Like Garelli, Don +Bosco's first pupil and follower, regular Sunday-school children could +take such a child to their own Sunday-school. The children of the +Paulist Sunday-school in New York City, for instance, are constantly +encouraged to bring with them any child they know which does not go to +Sunday-school in any other place. If, in addition to its spiritual +neglect, the child is in bodily want, bringing it to Sunday-school +attracts the attention of older people who are able, on occasion, to +give it material as well as spiritual help. + +To those of us who are older, surely there can be no greater appeal than +that of childhood for love and instruction. To withhold these is a more +bitter injustice even than to withhold food and clothing. The one causes +the body to suffer, but the other may mean the death of the soul, and +delivers the body to the lawlessness and to the excesses that lead to +untimely death in one generation and help on that lamentable +degeneration--physically, morally, and mentally--in the succeeding +generations which is, to-day, one of the most discouraging questions in +the dark problems of the great cities. + +And it must always be remembered that among the poor and the unfortunate +the inspiration for better things must come from those who have more +than they of means, of time, of intelligence, and, above all, of +devotion. + +In every age God seems to have raised up men with a genius for holiness, +to speak to the people according to the needs of their day. And thus, in +a century in which the powers of darkness were directed towards +destroying childhood and youth by godless teaching, and by lack of any +teaching at all, either sacred or profane, the providence of Divine Love +raised up the humble peasant priest of Turin as an apostle to youth and +a bulwark against its enemies. + +There is a vast margin for the following and the extension of his +example right here among us. We have with us always, not only the +unfortunate and neglected little ones of every race and color on the +earth, but, even more pitiable, those little ones who, by nature and +inheritance, would be with us, as a matter of course, were it not for +the careless drifting of their parents on the easy and pleasant current +of indifference, that spiritual sluggishness in some ways more +reprehensible and certainly less respectable than honest doubt or +definite unbelief. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Nineteenth Century Apostle of the +Little Ones, by E. 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