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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/35968-8.txt b/35968-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12d0e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/35968-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2012 @@ +Project Gutenberg's A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho, by M. Dale Arvey + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho + +Author: M. Dale Arvey + +Editor: E. Raymond Hall + H. H. Lane + Edward H. Taylor + +Release Date: April 26, 2011 [EBook #35968] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF IDAHO *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho + +BY + +M. DALE ARVEY + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216 +November 29, 1947 + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1947 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, Edward H. Taylor + +Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216 +Published November 29, 1947 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1947 + +21-6960 + + + + +A Check-list of the Birds of Idaho + +By + +M. DALE ARVEY + + +There is comparatively little literature dealing with the avifauna of +Idaho, mostly because relatively few persons have done field work in +the state. In the ornithological literature, there is nothing even +comparable to a "state list," so that when birds supposedly unreported +previously from Idaho are found, it is difficult to know whether or not +they should be recorded as "new" to the state. The present paper has +been prepared in the hope that it will stimulate additions to, and +corrections of, the list. It is, admittedly, a beginning. + +Material for the present article was obtained from personal collecting +in the five years and ten months in which I resided in the state +(October, 1938-September, 1944). Also, the published reports that could +be found have been drawn upon; these publications are listed in the +appended bibliography. Taxonomic problems, of which many are unsolved, +are not here considered, since this is merely a list indicating whether +or not the species or subspecies, as now understood, is known to be +present, whether it is common, and where it might be found. + +The nomenclature is that of the Fourth Edition of the American +Ornithologists' Union Check-list and its supplements, except where a +revision has been made that is seemingly valid but which has not yet +been acted upon by the A. O. U. Committee. For each species or +subspecies the objective is to give at least one reference to +occurrence, as to date and place, as accurately as possible. + +Reference is made to southern, central, and northern Idaho. These +references denote the Snake River Plains, characterized by sagebrush +desert; the wooded regions immediately to the north of this and in the +foothills, extending to Idaho County in the west; and the so-called +Panhandle, respectively. In all, 292 kinds of birds are recorded in the +following list. + + + + +LIST OF SPECIES + + +_Gavia immer elasson_ Bishop. Lesser Loon. Uncommon resident in the +lakes of northern Idaho, and generally distributed. Merrill (1897:350) +states that the species is common and resident at Fort Sherman. + +_Gavia stellata_ (Pontopiddan). Red-throated Loon. Davis (1935b:234) +records specimens taken in migration in Minidoka County at the +Minidoka Irrigation Project, and Rust (1915:121) states that this +species is rare in Kootenai County. + +_Colymbus grisegena holböllii_ (Reinhardt). Holboell Grebe. Merrill +(1897:349) records this species as common in migration at Fort Sherman. + +_Colymbus auritus_ Linnaeus. Horned Grebe. Uncommon resident. Davis +(1935b:234) records the bird as a summer visitant at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Colymbus nigricollis californicus_ (Heermann). Eared Grebe. Fairly +common resident along rivers and in lakes. Rust (1915:121) records one +specimen taken on Lake Coeur d'Alene in October, 1912. + +_Aechmophorus occidentalis_ (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Uncommon +resident. Merrill (1897:349) records one specimen from Fort Sherman. + +_Podilymbus podiceps podiceps_ (Linnaeus). Pied-billed Grebe. Common +resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that it is common at Fort Sherman +in the spring and autumn. + +_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin. White Pelican. Resident along the +Snake River; large nesting colonies are to be found in Bear Lake +County. See Davis (1935b:234) for nesting dates. + +_Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus_ Ridgway. Farallon Cormorant. Davis +(1935b:234) records this bird in the Minidoka Project as a regular +migrant and gives dates of occurrence. The resident population at the +Bear Lake Refuge has been reported as subspecies _auritus_ by Behle +(1944:68), but probably is _albociliatus_. + +_Ardea herodias treganzai_ Court. Treganza Great Blue Heron. Common +resident in suitable localities. (Dale Arvey 1505, 7 mi. NE Moscow, +Latah County, Idaho, February 19, 1940.) + +_Leucophoyx thula brewsteri_ (Thayer and Bangs). Brewster Egret. Davis +(1935b:234) records one specimen from the Minidoka Project, taken on +September 16, 1919, and Hayward (1934:39) reports the species as +breeding at Bear Lake Valley in Bear Lake County. + +_Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli_ (Gmelin). Black-crowned Night Heron. +Common locally. Hayward (1934:39) reports the bird as resident in Bear +Lake Valley. + +_Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Montagu). American Bittern. Fairly common +resident in suitable localities. Merrill (1897:351) records the +American Bittern as rather common at Fort Sherman. + +_Plegadis mexicana_ (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Vagrant. +Recorded as common at the Minidoka Project by Kenagy (1914:122). + +_Cygnus columbianus_ (Ord). Whistling Swan. Resident in the winter in +the larger lakes, and transient along the Snake River. (D. A. 1783, 1 +mi. S Hagerman, Gooding County, February 1, 1940.) + +_Cygnus buccinator_ Richardson. Trumpeter Swan. Merriam (1891:91) +states that Bendire found this swan breeding on Henry Lake in 1877, and +that two were collected in August of that year. Rust (1915:123) records +the species as a rare fall migrant on Lake Coeur d'Alene. There are no +recent records. + +_Branta canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Canada Goose. Fairly common resident. +See Aldrich (1946b) for records of each subspecies. + + a. _moffitti_ Aldrich. Great Basin Canada Goose. This is the + resident race. + + b. _occidentalis_ (Baird). White-cheeked Goose. Migrant. + + c. _leucopareia_ (Brandt). Lesser Canada Goose. Migrant. + +_Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii_ (Richardson). Hutchins Cackling Goose. +Migrant. See Aldrich (1946b) for the status of this goose. + +_Branta bernicla nigricans_ (Lawrence). Black Brant. Davis (1935b:234) +records this species as a regular migrant in Minidoka County, and +indicates that some remain all winter. + +_Anser albifrons albifrons_ (Scopoli). White-fronted Goose. Uncommon +migrant. Jones (1943:120) records a specimen from "about 10 mi. north +Pocatello, Bingham County." + +_Chen hyperborea hyperborea_ (Pallas). Lesser Snow Goose. Fairly common +transient along the Snake River. Two specimens are in the State Game +Department's mounted collection from the Snake River, probably from +near Payette, Payette County. + +_Chen rossi_ (Cassin). Ross Goose. Transient along the Snake River. The +Game Department collection has two mounted skins from "along the Snake +River." + +_Anas platyryhnchos platyryhnchos_ Linnaeus. Mallard. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1753, Boise River, 1 mi. S Middleton, Canyon County, +November 24, 1940.) + +_Anas acuta tzitzihoa_ (Vieillot). American Pintail. Resident and +common during migration. (D. A. 1752, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, +Elmore County, November 16, 1940.) + +_Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common resident. (D. A. +1261, Thorn Creek, 7 mi. S Moscow, Latah County, October 30, 1938.) + +_Anas discors_ Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Rare resident. Merriam +(1891:90) records two shot on Saw Tooth Lake (=Alturas Lake, Blaine +County), about October 1. + +_Anas cyanoptera_ Vieillot. Cinnamon Teal. Uncommon resident. I +observed a female with four young in Bellevue, Blaine County, in July, +1942, and Merrill (1897:350) records a female with young on June 11 at +Fort Sherman. + +_Anas strepera_ Linnaeus. Gadwall. Resident locally; fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1310, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County, +January 2, 1939.) + +_Mareca americana_ (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common during migration, and +resident along the Snake River. (D. A. 1747, 1 mi. W Bowman Ranch on +Boise River, Canyon County, October 26, 1940.) + +_Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common in migration, and +breeds locally. (D. A. 1492, Wallace, Shoshone County, October 22, +1939.) + +_Aix sponsa_ (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Fairly common in migration, and +resident locally. Merrill (1897:350) records it as a summer resident at +Fort Sherman. + +_Aythya americana_ (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common migrant. Recorded by +Merrill (1897:350) at Fort Sherman. + +_Aythya collaris_ (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Uncommon transient. +Merrill (1897:350) records it at Fort Sherman. + +_Aythya valisineria_ (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common in migration, +and recorded by Low and Nelson (1945:131) as breeding in Bonneville and +Caribou counties. + +_Aythya marila_ (Linnaeus). Greater Scaup Duck. Fairly common migrant. +Davis (1935b:236) records one bird from the Minidoka Project taken on +March 28, 1920. + +_Aythya affinis_ (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common during migration. +Davis (1935b:235) lists this bird as a regular winter visitant in +Minidoka County from October 30 to May 31. + +_Glaucionetta clangula americana_ (Bonaparte). American Golden-eye. +Common resident. (D. A. 1476, Bellevue, Blaine County, June 28, 1939.) + +_Glaucionetta islandica_ (Gmelin). Barrow Golden-eye. Uncommon +transient. Davis (1935b:234) records one specimen taken at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Glaucionetta albeola_ (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Common migrant. (D. A. +1852, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, Elmore County, November 15, 1941.) + +_Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus_ Brooks. Western Harlequin Duck. +Uncommon. Rust (1915:122) records one specimen taken on the marshes of +the St. Joseph River in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1897:350) states +that it is occasionally taken on the St. Joseph and Coeur d'Alene +rivers. + +_Melanitta fusca_ subsp.?. White-winged Scoter. Rust (1915:122) records +this bird as common on Lake Coeur d'Alene in the winter of 1913. + +_Melanitta perspicillata_ (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rust (1915:122) +states that this is a rare fall migrant in Kootenai County. + +_Oxyura jamaicensis rubida_ (Wilson). Ruddy Duck. Common migrant on the +Snake River. Merrill (1897:350) records this duck as "not uncommon in +the spring and autumn" at Fort Sherman. + +_Lophodytes cucullatus_ (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Common resident +in suitable localities. (D. A. 1389, Lewiston, Nezperce County, April +2, 1939.) + +_Mergus merganser americanus_ Cassin. American Merganser. Common +resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that the bird is common in fall and +winter at Fort Sherman. + +_Mergus serrator_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon. Merrill +(1897:350) records one specimen taken "near Fort Sherman." + +_Cathartes aura teter_ Friedmann. Western Turkey Vulture. Common +resident in southern Idaho, and transient elsewhere. Merrill (1897:352) +records it as a summer resident at Fort Sherman. + +_Accipiter gentilis striatulus_ (Ridgway). Western Goshawk. Fairly +common migrant, and possibly resident. Hand (1933b:36) reports it as +resident in northern Idaho. (D. A. 1317, 1318, Nezperce, Lewis County, +January 9 and 12, 1939.) + +_Accipiter striatus velox_ (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1296, 4-1/2 mi. NE Genessee, Latah County, November +27, 1938.) + +_Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Common resident in the +forests. (D. A. 1450, Sandpoint, Bonner County, May 24, 1939.) + +_Buteo jamaicensis calurus_ Cassin. Western Red-tailed Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1352, Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.) + +_Buteo platypterus platypterus_ (Vieillot). Broad-winged Hawk. Davis +(1936:86) records one specimen of this hawk taken on May 23, 1935, at +Castle Creek, 8 mi. S Oreana, Owyhee County. + +_Buteo swainsoni_ Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Common resident. (D. A. +1451, Moscow, Latah County, May 21, 1939.) + +_Buteo lagopus s. johannis_ (Gmelin). American Rough-legged Hawk. +Common migrant and possibly resident. (D. A. 1301, 11 mi. SE Genessee, +Nezperce County, November 27, 1938.) + +_Buteo regalis_ (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Uncommon migrant. (D. A. +1326, 4 mi. N Minidoka Power Plant, Minidoka County, January 27, 1939.) + +_Aquila chrysaëtos canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Golden Eagle. Uncommon +resident. Merrill (1897:353) stated that the species occurred +"sparingly" at Fort Sherman. + +_Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis_ (Audubon). Northern Bald +Eagle. Uncommon resident in northern Idaho, Merrill (1897:353) stated +that a few pairs bred about Lake Coeur d'Alene. + +_Circus cyaneus hudsonius_ (Linnaeus). Marsh Hawk. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1371, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County, +April 1, 1939.) + +_Pandion haliaetus carolinensis_ (Gmelin). Osprey. Uncommon resident. +Merrill (1897:353) reported the bird as frequent in the summer at Fort +Sherman. + +_Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Fairly common resident. (D. +A. 1319, American Falls, Bingham County, January 16, 1939.) + +_Falco peregrinus anatum_ Bonaparte. Duck Hawk. Uncommon resident. Bond +(1946:104) lists this bird as a rare breeder in Idaho. + +_Falco columbarius bendirei_ Swann. Western Pigeon Hawk. Rust +(1915:124) records one specimen from Coeur d'Alene as subspecies +_columbarius_; although the skin has not been checked by me, it would +seem to be more likely of subspecies _bendirei_, corresponding to +others taken in northern Idaho. + +_Falco sparverius sparverius_ Linnaeus. Eastern Sparrow Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1267, Little Bear Ridge, 5 mi. SW Troy, Latah County, +November 2, 1939.) + +_Dendragapus obscurus_ (Say). Blue Grouse. Common resident. + + a. _obscurus_ (Say). Dusky Grouse. Specimens from + southeastern Idaho are referable to this race. + + b. _richardsonii_ (Douglas). Richardson Grouse. This is the + resident race of southwestern Idaho north to Idaho County, + where intergradation occurs with the next form. (D. A. 1431, + 1432, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, May 14, 1939.) + + c. _pallidus_ Swarth. Oregon Dusky Grouse. Birds in the + northern portion of the state are of this race. + +_Canachites franklinii_ (Douglas). Franklin Grouse. Uncommon resident. +I have observed the birds in the Selway National Forest, in Idaho +County, and specimens have been taken in Bonner County. (D. A. 1336, +1337, 6 mi. S Coolin, Bonner County, February 19, 1939.) + +_Bonasa umbellus_ (Linnaeus). Ruffed Grouse. Common resident. See +Aldrich and Friedman (1943) for ranges of the following races. + + a. _phaia_ Aldrich and Friedmann. Idaho Ruffed Grouse. This + is the race resident in southwestern Idaho, and it + intergrades with the two following forms. + + b. _umbelloides_ (Douglas). Gray Ruffed Grouse. Resident in + northern Idaho. + + c. _incanus_ Aldrich and Friedmann. Hoary Ruffed Grouse. + Resident in southeastern Idaho. + +_Lagopus leucurus altipetens_ Osgood. Southern White-tailed Ptarmigan. +Several specimens of this bird are mounted in a collection in Idaho +City, having been collected "in the vicinity." + +_Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus_ (Ord). Columbian Sharp-tailed +Grouse. One specimen was sent me from Bonner County, where the species +was said to be fairly abundant. (D. A. 1513, 15 mi. N Priest River, +Bonner County, April 1, 1940.) + +_Centrocercus urophasianus_ (Bonaparte). Sage Grouse. Common locally. +Previously numerous, and now recovering from a severe decline in +numbers. Merriam (1891:93) speaks of using these birds for fresh meat +during much of his trip. + +_Perdix perdix perdix_ (Linnaeus). European Partridge. Common since its +introduction. + +_Colinus virginianus texanus_ (Lawrence). Texas Bob-white. Common +resident in southern Idaho. Merriam (1891:92) states that the birds +were first introduced at Boise, Ada County. + +_Lophortyx californica brunnescens_ Ridgway. California Quail. +Introduced into southern Idaho; not numerous but establishing itself in +the foothills. + +_Oreortyx picta picta_ (Douglas). Plumed Quail. Common resident. Wyman +(1912c:538) states that this species was not present in Idaho prior to +about 1900, having at that time extended its range from Oregon. + +_Phasianus colchicus_ Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Common resident +since its introduction; there is considerable admixture of races in the +stock. + +_Grus canadensis tabida_ (Peters). Sandhill Crane. Uncommon resident. +Merriam (1891:91) reports the bird breeding near Fort Lapwai, Nezperce +County, in June 1871, and Davis (1935b:234) states that it is a regular +migrant at the Minidoka Project. + +_Rallus limicola limicola_ Vieillot. Virginia Rail. Davis (1923) states +that this rail is uncommon at the Minidoka Project, but that it was +abundant in earlier years. + +_Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus). Sora. Uncommon resident. Merriam +(1891:91) recorded this species from Big Lost River, "about 8 mi. above +Arco," Butte County, on July 26. + +_Fulica americana_ Gmelin. American Coot. Common resident. (D. A. 1745, +Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.) + +_Charadrius vociferus vociferus_ Linnaeus. Killdeer. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. Rust (1915:123) records the earliest arrival +date for the bird in Kootenai County as March 9, 1913, and says that it +leaves by September 1. + +_Pluvialis dominica fulva_ (Gmelin). Pacific Golden Plover. Sloanaker +(1925:73) records one specimen of this bird, shot from a flock of four +near Coeur d'Alene on Lake Chactolet on October 1, 1923. + +_Squatarola squatarola_ (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Rust +(1915:123) records one specimen of this bird taken on the St. Joseph +marshes, Kootenai County. + +_Capella gallinago delicata_ (Ord). Wilson Snipe. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1739, Boise River, 3 mi. W Boise, Ada County, October +17, 1940.) + +_Numenius americanus_ Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Uncommon resident. +See Oberholser (1918) for ranges of the following subspecies. + + a. _americanus_ Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Resident in + southern Idaho. + + b. _parvus_ Bishop. Northern Curlew. The resident population + in northern Idaho is referable to this subspecies. + +_Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common resident in +the Canadian Life-zone. (D. A. 1807, junction of Simmon's Cr. and Boise +River, Boise County, July 5, 1941.) + +_Tringa solitaria cinnamomea_ (Brewster). Western Solitary Sandpiper. +Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen on April 9, 1920 at the Minidoka +Project, and records the bird as erratic in occurrence. + +_Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus_ (Brewster). Western Willet. +Davis (1935b:235) records this bird as a summer visitant at the +Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence there. + +_Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Davis (1935b:234) +records this bird at the Minidoka Project in migration. + +_Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1742, Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.) + +_Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Merrill (1897:351) +records this bird as common in 1896 from August to October at Fort +Sherman, and a number of specimens were taken. + +_Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Fairly common migrant. +Davis (1935b:234) gives dates of migration of this bird at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus_ (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Merrill +(1897:351) collected five specimens on September 12 on the St. Joseph +marshes. + +_Micropalama himantopus_ (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Davis +(1935b:234) collected one bird at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919, +and stated that the species was erratic in occurrence. + +_Ereunetes mauri_ Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Rust (1917:32) recorded +this bird on August 27 near Spencer, Fremont County, and also at Henry +Lake. + +_Limosa fedoa_ (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) records +one specimen taken on August 1, 1920, at the Minidoka Project. + +_Limosa haemastica_ (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) +records one bird taken at the Minidoka Project on July 7, 1919. + +_Crocethia alba_ (Pallas). Sanderling. Davis (1935b:236) records this +bird from the Minidoka Project in migration, and he took one specimen +on May 19, 1921. + +_Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon resident in southern +Idaho. (D. A. 1631, Snake River at Hagerman, Gooding County, June 16, +1940.) + +_Himantopus mexicanus_ (Müller). Black-necked Stilt. Davis (1935b:235) +records this bird from Minidoka as a summer visitant, and gives dates +of its occurrence. + +_Phalaropus fulicarius_ (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Hand (1935:180) +reports one bird of this species in October on the St. Joseph River at +St. Maries, Benewah County. + +_Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Uncommon. Davis +(1935b:236) took one specimen at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919. + +_Lobipes lobatus_ (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Uncommon resident. +Davis (1935b:236) reports the species as erratic at the Minidoka +Project, where he took one specimen on May 13, 1919. + +_Stercorarius pomarinus_ (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Davis (1935b:236) +took one bird "on the Snake River," on September 4, 1919. + +_Larus argentatus thayeri_ Brooks. Thayer Gull. Merrill (1897:350) +records several birds of this species taken in the fall and winter on +Lake Coeur d'Alene. + +_Larus californicus_ Lawrence. California Gull. Common in the winter, +and possibly breeds along the Snake River. Davis (1935b:235) records +this bird as a common summer visitant at the Minidoka Project. + +_Larus delawarensis_ Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Uncommon straggler. Merrill +(1897:350) records it in the winter at Fort Sherman. + +_Larus pipixcan_ Wagler. Franklin Gull. Late winter and spring +straggler. See Slipp (1942). + +_Larus philadelphia_ (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. This gull is recorded by +Merrill (1897:350) as taken at Fort Sherman in November. + +_Sterna forsteri_ Nuttall. Forster Tern. Davis (1935b:235) lists this +bird as a summer visitant in Minidoka County, and gives dates of its +occurrence there. + +_Sterna hirundo hirundo_ Linnaeus. Common Tern. Rust (1915:121) states +that this tern is rare in Kootenai County. + +_Hydroprogne caspia_ (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Common during migration. +Davis (1935b:234) records the species as common in migration at the +Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence. + +_Chlidonias nigra surinamensis_ (Gmelin). Black Tern. Fairly common on +lakes; evidently resident. Rust (1915:121) records this bird as common +in June, 1914, on the St. Joseph Marshes. + +_Columba fasciata fasciata_ Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. Rare at present. +Merrill (1897:349) states that Cooper listed this bird in what is now +Idaho. + +_Zenaidura macroura marginella_ (Woodhouse). Western Mourning Dove. +Common summer resident, frequently remaining in winter. Rust (1915:123) +lists the bird as a fairly common summer resident in Kootenai County. + +_Ectopistes migratorius_ (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. Merrill +(1897:349) states that Cooper listed this species from Montana and from +what is now Idaho. + +_Coccyzus americanus occidentalis_ Ridgway. California Cuckoo. This +bird was reported by Davis (1935b:236), as taken May 16, 1918 at the +Minidoka Project, and he says that nests have been taken near Rupert by +Kenagy. + +_Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. One breeding +bird of this species was reported by Arvey (1941:291), taken at Slide +Gulch on the Boise River, Boise County, on July 10, 1941. Since this +time I have observed the bird twice in Boise, Ada County, in the +summer. + +_Tyto alba pratincola_ (Bonaparte). Barn Owl. Uncommon resident. One +specimen in the University of Idaho collection of mounted birds was +taken near Moscow, Latah County. + +_Otus asio_ (Linnaeus). Screech Owl. Common resident. + + a. _macfarlanei_ (Brewster). MacFarlane Screech Owl. + Resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1861, Boise, Ada County, + April 11, 1942.) + + b. _brewsteri_ Ridgway. Brewster Screech Owl. Resident in + northern Idaho. (D. A. 1312, Lapwai, Nezperce County, + December 25, 1938.) + +_Otus flammeolus flammeolus_ (Kaup). Flammulated Screech Owl. Rare +resident. Specimens have been taken in two localities. Merriam +(1891:96) took one specimen on the west side of Big Wood River, "only a +few miles north of Ketchum, September 22," 1890. The record from Blaine +County and the one of Rust (1915:125), near Fernan Lake, September 28, +1914, are the only two positive records of this species to my +knowledge. + +_Bubo virginianus_ (Gmelin). Great Horned Owl. Common resident. See A. +O. U. Check-list (1931). + + a. _wapacuthu_ (Gmelin). Arctic Horned Owl. Migrant. + + b. _occidentalis_ Stone. Montana Horned Owl. Resident in + central and southeastern Idaho. + + c. _lagophonus_ (Oberholser). Northwestern Horned Owl. + Resident in western and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1486, 10 mi. + SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, 1939.) + +_Nyctea scandiaca_ (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Casual migrant. Merrill +(1897:352) stated that there was an invasion of owls of this species in +the winter of 1896-'97, and many were observed during that time at Fort +Sherman. + +_Surnia ulula caparoch_ (Müller). American Hawk Owl. Uncommon. Hand +(1933a:32) reports one specimen of this owl taken at Stanley Butte, 10 +mi. S Lochsa River, Idaho County, on November 3, 1925, and mentions one +other observed in the summer. He suggests that the bird breeds in +northern Idaho. + +_Glaucidium gnoma californicum_ Sclater. California Pygmy Owl. Fairly +common resident in the Canadian Life-zone. Specimens seem referable to +subspecies _pinicola_, recently synonymized by the A. O. U. Committee. +(D. A. 1311, Priest River, Bonner County, January 3, 1939.) + +_Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea_ (Bonaparte). Western Burrowing Owl. +Fairly common local resident. (D. A. 1388, 10 mi. W Boise, Ada County, +April 2, 1939.) + +_Strix nebulosa nebulosa_ Forster. Great Gray Owl. Vagrant. A specimen, +D. A. 1303, taken on December 8, 1938, was sent me from 9 mi. NE +Grangeville, Idaho County, December 8, 1938. + +_Asio otus wilsonianus_ (Lesson). Long-eared Owl. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1532, 5 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, April 29, 1940.) + +_Asio flammeus flammeus_ (Pontoppidan). Short-eared Owl. Very common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1346, 2 mi. S Moscow, +Latah County, March 7, 1939.) + +_Aegolius funereus_ richardsoni (Bonaparte). Richardson Owl. Rust +(1915:125) records this bird as a rare winter visitor in Kootenai +County, and Merrill (1897:353) lists two specimens taken "early in the +spring of 1894 ... about seven miles from the fort." + +_Aegolius acadicus acadicus_ (Gmelin). Saw-whet Owl. Rare. Davis +(1935b:235) says that this is a regular winter visitor at the Minidoka +Project, and Merrill (1897:353) lists one specimen taken at Fort +Sherman, on January 19. + +_Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii_ (Audubon). Nuttall Poorwill. +Uncommon resident. Merriam (1891:98) records this species from "the +lava beds west of Blackfoot" on July 17, 1872. + +_Chordeiles minor hesperis_ Grinnell. Pacific Nighthawk. Common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1468, 2 mi. S Hailey, on +Wood River, Blaine County, June 25, 1939.) + +_Chaetura vauxi vauxi_ (Townsend). Vaux Swift. Merrill (1897:354) +reports this bird as resident at Fort Sherman, as does Burleigh +(1923:658) at Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Aëronautes saxatalis saxatalis_ (Woodhouse). White-throated Swift. +Fairly common resident in suitable localities. The Museum of Vertebrate +Zoölogy has one specimen of this bird taken on Salmon Creek, 8 mi. W +Rogerson, Twin Falls County. + +_Archilochus alexandri_ (Boucier and Mulsant). Black-chinned +Hummingbird. Rust (1915:125) records this species as resident in +Kootenai County. + +_Selasphorus platycercus platycercus_ (Swainson). Broad-tailed +Hummingbird. Common resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) +states that the bird is of erratic occurrence at the Minidoka Project. + +_Selasphorus rufus_ (Gmelin). Rufous Hummingbird. Fairly common +resident. Merrill (1897:355) states that this species is common in +spring at Fort Sherman. + +_Stellula calliope_ (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. Common resident. (D. +A. 1541, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 10, 1940.) + +_Megaceryle alcyon caurina_ (Grinnell). Western Belted Kingfisher. +Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1518, 7 mi. NE Moscow, +Latah County, April 19, 1940.) + +_Colaptes cafer_ (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident. + + a. _collaris_ Vigors. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in + southwestern and northern Idaho. Many specimens show yellow + remiges and rectrices, and are perhaps hybrids with the + species _auratus_. (D. A. 1731, Owl Creek, in Blaine County, + September 8, 1940.) + + b. _canescens_ Brodkorb. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in + southeastern Idaho. See Brodkorb (1935a:1). + +_Hylatomus pileatus picinus_ (Bangs). Western Pileated Woodpecker. +Fairly common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1498, 10 mi. +NE Moscow, Latah County, November 18, 1939.) + +_Asyndesmus lewis_ Gray. Lewis Woodpecker. Common resident. Merrill +(1897:354) records this bird as common "around Fort Sherman." + +_Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis_ Baird. Red-naped Sapsucker. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1485, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, +1939.) + +_Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus_ (Cassin). Williamson Sapsucker. +Uncommon resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has one specimen +taken on the W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch Mountains, Bear +Lake County. + +_Dendrocopos villosus monticola_ Anthony. Rocky Mountain Hairy +Woodpecker. Common resident. (D. A. 1662, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho +County, July 1, 1940.) + +_Dendrocopos pubescens leucurus_ (Hartlaub). Batchelder Woodpecker. +Common resident. (D. A. 1495, Potlatch, Latah County, November 3, +1939.) + +_Dendrocopos albolarvatus albolarvatus_ (Cassin). Northern White-headed +Woodpecker. Uncommon resident. (D. A. 1434, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho +County, May 14, 1939.) + +_Picoïdes arcticus_ (Swainson). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Uncommon +resident in northern Idaho. Merrill (1897:354) reports these birds as +resident at Fort Sherman. + +_Picoïdes tridactylus_ (Linnaeus). Uncommon resident. + + a. _dorsalis_ Baird. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident + in southern Idaho; the Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has + specimens taken at W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch + Mountains, Bear Lake County. + + b. _fasciatus_ Baird. Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident + in northern Idaho. There are specimens in the Museum of + Vertebrate Zoölogy taken at Coolin, Priest Lake, Kootenai + County. + +_Tyrannus tyrannus_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common resident in +northern Idaho; casual in southern portion. (Univ. Idaho, No. 39, +Moscow, Latah County, May 19, 1937.) + +_Tyrannus verticalis_ Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Common resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1794, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, June +15, 1941.) + +_Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens_ (Lawrence). Ash-throated +Flycatcher. Uncommon resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1837, Head +Taylor Creek, Boise National Forest, Boise County, August 7, 1941.) + +_Sayornis saya saya_ (Bonaparte). Say Phoebe. Fairly common resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1720, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County.) + +_Empidonax traillii brewsteri_ Oberholser. Little Flycatcher. Fairly +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 121, +Moscow Mountain, Latah County, June 15, 1938.) + +_Empidonax hammondii_ (Xantus). Hammond Flycatcher. Uncommon resident +in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 62, Avery, Latah County, +July 10, 1937.) + +_Empidonax wrightii_ Baird. Wright Flycatcher. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1560, Robinson's Lake, 10 mi. E Moscow, +Latah County, May 16, 1940.) + +_Empidonax griseus_ Brewster. Gray Flycatcher. Davis (1934) records one +specimen of this species taken June 3, 1934, at Riddle, Owyhee County. + +_Contopus richardsonii richardsonii_ (Swainson). Western Wood Pewee. +Common resident. (D. A. 1617, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, June 5, +1940.) + +_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon +resident. (D. A. 1786, Idaho City, Boise County, May 23, 1941.) + +_Eremophila alpestris_ (Linnaeus). Horned Lark. Common resident. See +Behle (1942) for ranges of the following races. + + a. _lamprochroma_ Oberholser. Oregon Horned Lark. + Southwestern Idaho, and intergrading with the next two + races. + + b. _utahensis_ Behle. Great Salt Lake Horned Lark. Resident + in central and southeastern Idaho. + + c. _merrilli_ Dwight. Dusky Horned Lark. Northern Idaho. + +_Tachycineta thalassina lepida_ Mearns. Violet-green Swallow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1654, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.) + +_Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Fairly common resident. +Burleigh (1923:655) records the birds at Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Riparia riparia riparia_ (Linnaeus). Bank Swallow. Fairly common +resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1453, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow, +Latah County, May 26, 1939.) + +_Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis_ (Audubon). Rough-winged +Swallow. Low (1945:132) records a colony of these birds and Bank +Swallows nesting together at Gray's Lake, in Caribou County. + +_Hirundo rustica erythrogaster_ Boddaert. Barn Swallow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1420, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.) + +_Petrochelidon pyrronota albifrons_ (Rafinesque). Northern Cliff +Swallow. Common resident. (D. A. 1415, Troy, Latah County, May 6, +1939.) + +_Perisoreus canadensis bicolor_ A. H. Miller. Idaho Jay. Common +resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1344, Blue Creek, 8 mi. +NE Priest Lake, Bonner County, March 5, 1939.) + +_Cyanocitta stelleri annectens_ (Baird). Black-headed Jay. Common +resident. (D. A. 1257, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, October 25, +1938.) + +_Aphelocoma coerulescens woodhousei_ (Baird). Woodhouse Jay. Uncommon +resident in southern Idaho. The A. O. U. Check-list records this +species from southern Idaho; it is resident in the piñon-juniper +association. + +_Pica pica hudsonia_ (Sabine). American Magpie. Common resident. (D. A. +1782, Star, Canyon County, May 1, 1940.) + +_Corvus corax sinuatus_ Wagler. American Raven. Common resident in +southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a regular winter +visitant at the Minidoka Project. + +_Corvus brachyrynchos hesperis_ Ridgway. Western Crow. Common resident. +Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a winter visitant at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus_ Wied. Piñon Jay. Resident locally in +piñon-juniper association. Davis (1935b:235) states that this is a +regular winter visitant in Minidoka County. + +_Nucifraga columbiana_ (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Common resident of +forested areas of central and northern Idaho. See Burleigh (1923:655). + +_Parus atricapillus_ Linnaeus. Black-capped Chickadee. Very common +resident. See Duvall (1945) for ranges of the following races. + + a. _septentrionalis_ Harris. Long-tailed Chickadee. Resident + in eastern Idaho; intergrades with the next two races. + + b. _nevadensis_ (Linsdale). Pallid Black-capped Chickadee. + Resident in southwestern and south-central Idaho. + + c. _fortuitus_ (Davison and Bowles). Columbian Black-capped + Chickadee. Resident in northern and central Idaho. + +_Parus gambeli_ Ridgway. Mountain Chickadee. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. + + a. _grinnelli_ (van Rossem). Grinnell Chickadee. Resident in + central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1508, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, + Latah County, March 18, 1940.) + + b. _inyoensis_ (Grinnell). Inyo Chickadee. Resident in + southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1361, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW + Pocatello, Power County, April 1, 1939.) + +_Parus rufescens rufescens_ Townsend. Chestnut-backed Chickadee. +Resident in central and northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) records the +bird from Fernan Lake, Kootenai County. + +_Parus inornatus griseus_ (Ridgway). Gray Titmouse. Fairly common +resident in southeastern Idaho in the piñon-juniper association. (D. A. +1366, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock County, April 2, +1939.) + +_Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus_ (Baird). Lead-colored Bush-tit. +Uncommon resident in the piñon-juniper association of southern Idaho. +The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has specimens collected by me at S +Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line, Owyhee County. + +_Sitta carolinensis tenuissima_ Grinnell. Inyo Nuthatch. Fairly common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1286, 3 mi. NE Princeton, +Latah County, November 20, 1938.) + +_Sitta canadensis_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1905, 11 mi. SSW Idaho City, Boise +County, October 20, 1946.) + +_Sitta pygmaea melanotis_ van Rossem. Black-eared Nuthatch. Fairly +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1552, 10 mi. NE +Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.) + +_Certhia familiaris caurina_ Aldrich. Northwestern Creeper. Common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1304, Paradise Ridge, 3 +mi. S Moscow, Latah County, December 10, 1938.) + +_Cinclus mexicanus unicolor_ Bonaparte. Dipper. Common resident. Rust +(1915:128) reports that this bird is regularly seen along mountain +streams in Kootenai County. + +_Troglodytes aëdon parkmanii_ Audubon. Western House Wren. Common +resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 50, Moscow, Latah County, May 25, 1937.) + +_Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus_ Baird. Western Winter Wren. +Uncommon resident in the Canadian Life-zone of central and northern +Idaho. (D. A. 1269, Lochsa River, at Van Camp, Idaho County, November +5, 1939.) + +_Telmatodytes palustris pulverius_ Aldrich. Northwestern Long-billed +Marsh Wren. Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1769, 2 mi. +SW Notus, Canyon County, February 20, 1941.) + +_Catherpes mexicanus griseus_ Aldrich. Northern Canyon Wren. Uncommon +resident in southern Idaho, extending north at least to Idaho County. +(D. A. 1702, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, July 15, 1940.) + +_Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus_ (Say). Common Rock Wren. Resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1799, Boise, Ada County, June 24, 1941.) + +_Dumetella carolinensis ruficrissa_ Aldrich. Western Catbird. Common +resident in northern Idaho, and possibly in the southern portion of the +state. (D. A. 1467, 2 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, June 2, 1939.) + +_Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Resident in the +sagebrush area from Idaho County south. (D. A. 1645, 4 mi. NW Pollock, +Idaho County, June 25, 1940.) + +_Turdus migratorius_ Linnaeus. Robin. Common resident in the Transition +Life-zone. + + a. _caurinus_ (Grinnell). Northwestern Robin. Common + migrant. (Univ. Idaho No. 216, Moscow, Latah County, August + 25, 1937.) + + b. _propinquus_ Ridgway. Western Robin. Resident. (D. A. + 1893, Boise, Ada County, May 1, 1944.) + +_Ixoreus naevius meruloides_ (Swainson). Northern Varied Thrush. +Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1231, Moscow, +Latah County, October 7, 1938.) + +_Hylocichla guttata_ (Pallas). Hermit Thrush. Fairly common resident. + + a. _guttata_ (Pallas). Alaska Hermit Thrush. The A. O. U. + Check-list (1931) states that these birds migrate through + Idaho. + + b. _auduboni_ (Baird). Audubon Hermit Thrush. Resident. (D. + A. 1230, Moscow, Latah County, October 1, 1938.) + +_Hylocichla ustulata almae_ Oberholser. Western Olive-backed Thrush. +Fairly common resident. (D. A. 1616, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, +June 5, 1940.) + +_Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola_ Ridgway. Willow Thrush. Fairly +common resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has specimens of this +species, taken at Castle Creek Ranger Station, Idaho County, 7 mi. SE +Murphy, Owyhee County, and 3 mi. W Swan Valley, Bonneville County. + +_Sialia mexicanus occidentalis_ Townsend. Western Bluebird. Resident in +northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) states that the species is fairly +common at Coeur d'Alene Lake. + +_Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1789, Black Creek, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, March +7, 1941.) + +_Myadestes townsendi_ (Audubon). Townsend Solitaire. Uncommon resident +in the boreal zones. (D. A. 1294, 7 mi. E Genessee, Latah County, +November 27, 1938.) + +_Polioptila caerulea amoenissima_ Grinnell. Western Gnatcatcher. +Brodkorb (1935b:312) records one specimen of this bird taken at 6,000 +ft. "about eight miles southwest of Raymond, Bear Lake County," on +October 7, 1932. + +_Regulus satrapa olivaceus_ Baird. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. +Resident; fairly common in winter. (D. A. 1229, Moscow, Latah County, +October 1, 1938.) + +_Regulus calendula cineraceus_ Grinnell. Western Ruby-crowned Kinglet. +Resident; one of the most common winter birds. (D. A. 1902, Cottonwood +Creek, 5 mi. NNE Boise, Ada County, October 5, 1946.) + +_Anthus spinoletta pacificus_ Todd. Western Pipit. Common migrant. (D. +A. 1849, Black Creek Reservoir, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, October +11, 1941.) + +_Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps_ Reichenow. Bohemian Waxwing. Common +sporadically in winter. Taylor (1918:226) reported this bird breeding +near Sandpoint, Bonner County. + +_Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Very common in winter, +often with the preceding species; resident in Kootenai and Bonner +counties, and probably elsewhere in the State. Rust (1915:128) records +a nest with three fresh eggs on June 28 at Fernan Creek, Kootenai +County. + +_Lanius excubitor invictus_ Grinnell. Northwestern Shrike. Casual +migrant. (D. A. 1875, Boise, Ada County, February 3, 1943.) + +_Lanius ludovicianus gambeli_ Ridgway. California Shrike. Miller +(1931:79) states that the resident population of this species is +referred to this race. Common resident in the Sonoran zones. + +_Sturnus vulgaris_ Linnaeus. Starling. These birds have been reported +for several years; specimens were first reported by Jones (1946:142) +from Bannock County. + +_Vireo huttoni huttoni_ Cassin. Hutton Vireo. Very common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1413, Troy, Latah County, May 6, +1939.) + +_Vireo solitarius cassinii_ Xantus. Cassin Vireo. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has a +specimen taken 3 mi. W Payette Lake, Adams County. + +_Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common resident. The +Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has a specimen of this vireo taken 4 mi. W +Meadow Creek, Idaho County. + +_Vireo gilvus swainsonii_ Baird. Western Warbling Vireo. Very common +resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 119, Moscow, Latah County, June 14, 1938.) + +_Vermivora celata orestera_ Oberholser. Rocky Mountain Orange-crowned +Warbler. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 204, Moscow, Latah County, +August 16, 1938.) + +_Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi_ van Rossem. Calaveras Warbler. +Burleigh (1923:662) states that this warbler is fairly common at +Clark's Fork, Bonner County, in July and August. + +_Dendroica petechia morcomi_ Coale. Rocky Mountain Yellow Warbler. Very +common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 175, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, +July 29, 1938.) + +_Dendroica auduboni auduboni_ (Townsend). Audubon Warbler. Common +resident. (D. A. 1555, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.) + +_Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Fairly +common in migration, and probably resident. The Museum of Vertebrate +Zoölogy has a specimen taken at Indian Creek, 12 mi. SE Riddle, Owyhee +County. + +_Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Fairly common in +migration. Burleigh (1923:663) states that the bird is resident at +Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis_ Ridgway. Grinnell Water-thrush. +Merrill (1897:349) records this bird from the State. + +_Oporornis tolmiei_ (Townsend). Macgillivray Warbler. Common resident. +(D. A. 1421, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.) + +_Geothlypis trichas occidentalis_ Brewster. Western Yellow-throat. +Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1863, 2 mi. W Boise, Ada +County, May 8, 1942.) + +_Icteria virens auricollis_ (Lichtenstein). Long-tailed Chat. Common +resident. (D. A. 1800, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, +June 28, 1941.) + +_Wilsonia pusilla pileolata_ (Pallas). Northern Pileolated Warbler. +Burleigh (1923:663) records this bird as a common resident at Clark's +Fork, Bonner County; uncommon in southern Idaho. + +_Setophaga ruticilla_ (Linnaeus). American Redstart. There are some +records of casual visitants in southern Idaho, and Burleigh (1923:663) +states that it is a summer resident at Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Passer domesticus_ (Linnaeus). English Sparrow. This cosmopolitan bird +can be found wherever there is a human habitation. + +_Dolichonyx oryzivorus_ (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Resident in northern +Idaho. Burleigh (1923:655) states that the bird is resident at Clark's +Fork, Bonner County. + +_Sturnella neglecta_ Audubon. Western Meadowlark. Common resident. (D. +A. 1876, Boise, Ada County, May 12, 1943.) + +_Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. +Common resident along the Snake River in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1628, +Hagerman, on Snake River, Gooding County, June 16, 1940.) + +_Agelaius phoeniceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-wing. Common resident. + + a. _fortis_ Ridgway. Thick-billed Red-wing. Resident in + southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1624, Hagerman on Snake River, + Gooding County, June 16, 1940.) + + b. _nevadensis_ Grinnell. Nevada Red-wing. Resident in + southwestern and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1765, Star, Canyon + County, May 1, 1941.) + +_Icterus bullockii bullockii_ (Swainson). Bullock Oriole. Common +resident. (D. A. 1655, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.) + +_Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Common resident. +(D. A. 1894, nest and four eggs, Boise, Ada County, May 10, 1944.) + +_Molothrus ater artemisiae_ Grinnell. Nevada Cowbird. Fairly common +bird in the Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1460, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow, +Latah County, May 26, 1939.) + +_Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson). Western Tanager. Very common resident +in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1570, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah +County, May 19, 1940.) + +_Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus_ (Swainson). Rocky Mountain +Grosbeak. Resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 51 +Moscow Mountain, Latah County, May 30, 1937.) + +_Passerina amoena_ (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Very common resident in the +Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1802, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, +Boise County, June 28, 1941.) + +_Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi_ Grinnell. Western Evening Grosbeak. +Resident in the Transition Life-zone; large flocks of these birds are +commonly observed in winter. (D. A. 1527, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah +County, April 20, 1940.) + +_Carpodacus cassinii_ Baird. Cassin Purple Finch. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1822, Head Crooked River, Sawtooth +Range, Boise County, August 6, 1941.) + +_Carpodacus mexicanus solitudinis_ Moore. Desert House Finch. Common +resident. (D. A. 1889, Boise, Ada County, April 24, 1944.) + +_Pinicola enucleator montana_ Ridgway. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak. +Resident on the boreal summits of the mountains. (D. A. 1321, Moscow +Mountain, Latah County, January 26, 1939.) + +_Leucosticte tephrocotis_ Swainson. Rosy Finch. Resident in the boreal +zones; observed casually in winter. Various races of this species are +present in the State, but only the following two are here listed until +there is further clarification of the status of the other races of the +species. + + a. _littoralis_ Baird. Hepburn Rosy Finch. Winter visitant. + (D. A. 1347, 2 mi. N Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.) + + b. _tephrocotis_ (Swainson). Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. + According to the 1931 A. O. U. Check-list, this subspecies + breeds in the State. + +_Leucosticte atrata_ Ridgway. Black Rosy Finch. Resident in the Salmon +Mountains. See A. O. U. Check-list (1931) for the range of this +species. + +_Acanthis flammea flammea_ (Linnaeus). Common Redpoll. Rust (1915:127) +lists this bird as a winter visitant in Kootenai County, and one +specimen was obtained in Bonner County. (D. A. 1334, 6 mi. S Coolin, +Bonner County, February 19, 1939.) + +_Spinus pinus vagrans_ Aldrich. Western Pine Siskin. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1857, Horseshoe Bend, Boise County, +December 10, 1941.) + +_Spinus tristis pallidus_ Mearns. Pale Goldfinch. Common resident. (D. +A. 1622, 4 mi. ESE Boise, Ada County, March 14, 1941.) + +_Loxia curvirostra_ Linnaeus. Red Crossbill. Uncommon resident in the +Canadian Life-zone. + + a. _bendirei_ Ridgway. Bendire Crossbill. Resident. (D. A. + 1525, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, April 20, 1940.) + + b. _benti_ Griscom. Bent Crossbill. Winter visitant. (Univ. + Idaho No. 94, Moscow, Latah County, December 5, 1937.) + +_Loxia leucoptera leucoptera_ Gmelin. White-winged Crossbill. Davis +(1935b:236) records this bird from the Minidoka Project on December 18, +1919, and Jewett (1912b:193) took one specimen in the Sawtooth +Mountains. + +_Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Breeding +individuals of this species have been taken at the Minidoka Project by +Davis (1930:136). + +_Pipilo maculatus_ Swainson. Spotted Towhee. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. + + a. _arcticus_ (Swainson). Arctic Towhee. Resident in + northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 163, Coeur d'Alene, + Kootenai County, July 20, 1938.) + + b. _curtatus_ Grinnell. Nevada Towhee. Resident in southern + Idaho. (D. A. 1804, Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise + County, July 4, 1941.) + +_Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Davis (1935b:236) +records this species as erratic at the Minidoka Project, where he took +a specimen on May 29, 1921. + +_Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis_ Grinnell. Nevada Savannah +Sparrow. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 57, Moscow, Latah County, +September 25, 1937.) + +_Pooecetes gramineus confinis_ Baird. Western Vesper Sparrow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1391, Moscow, Latah County, April 16, 1939.) + +_Chondestes grammacus strigatus_ Swainson. Western Lark Sparrow. +Common resident. (D. A. 1579, 3 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, May 21, +1940.) + +_Amphispiza belli nevadensis_ (Ridgway). Northern Sage Sparrow. +Resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen in +Minidoka on May 19, 1921. + +_Junco hyemalis cismontanus_ Dwight. Slate-colored Junco. Fairly common +winter visitant with other juncos. See Miller (1941:329) for records of +these birds. + +_Junco oreganus_ Townsend. Oregon Junco. Common resident. See Miller +(1941:238) for ranges of the following subspecies. + + a. _mearnsi_ Ridgway. Pink-sided Junco. Resident in Custer + and Fremont counties. + + b. _montanus_ Ridgway. Montana Junco. Resident in northern + and western Idaho. + +_Junco caniceps caniceps_ (Woodhouse). Gray-headed Junco. Miller +(1941:180) states that some hybridization occurs between this species +and _oreganus_ in Bannock and Cassia counties. It is resident in +southeastern Idaho. + +_Spizella arborea ochracea_ Brewster. Western Tree Sparrow. Fairly +common resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1516, nest and +eggs, Moscow, Latah County, April 6, 1940.) + +_Spizella passerina arizonae_ Coues. Western Chipping Sparrow. Very +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1805, junction of +Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise County, July 4, 1941.) + +_Spizella breweri breweri_ Cassin. Brewer Sparrow. Resident in southern +Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) records the bird as a summer resident at the +Minidoka Project. + +_Zonotrichia querula_ Nuttall. Harris Sparrow. Wyman (1911a:267) +records this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter. + +_Zonotrichia leucophrys_ (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Common +resident. + + a. _gambeli_ (Nuttall). Gambel Sparrow. Migrant. (Univ. + Idaho No. 6, Moscow, Latah County, September 26, 1936.) + + b. _leucophrys_ (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Resident + in the Hudsonian and Canadian zones. See A. O. U. Check-list + (1931) for range of this subspecies. + +_Zonotrichia albicollis_ (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Wyman +(1912b:247) reported this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter. + +_Passerella iliaca schistacea_ Baird. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. +Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone, and fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1365, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock +County, April 2, 1939.) + +_Melospiza lincolnii alticola_ (Miller and McCabe). Montane Lincoln +Sparrow. Resident in the boreal zones, and fairly common in migration. +See Miller and McCabe (1935:149) for range of this subspecies. + +_Melospiza melodia_ (Wilson). Song Sparrow. Common resident. + + a. _fallax_ (Baird). Mountain Song Sparrow. Resident in + southern Idaho. (D. A. 1839, Head Taylor Creek, Boise + County, August 7, 1941.) + + b. _merrilli_ Brewster. Merrill Song Sparrow. Resident in + central and northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 103, Moscow, + Latah County, February 22, 1938.) + +_Calcarius lapponicus alascensis_ Ridgway. Alaska Longspur. Uncommon +migrant. Merrill (1898:15) records one specimen of this species taken +at Fort Sherman on November 13, 1896. + +_Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Snow Bunting. +Uncommon migrant. Rust (1915:127) records the bird as rare in migration +in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1898:15) states that it is irregular +in winter at Fort Sherman. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY + + +ALDRICH, J. W. + + 1944. Notes on the races of the white-breasted nuthatch. + Auk, 61:592-604. + + 1946a. New subspecies of birds from western North America. + Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 59:129-136. + + 1946b. Speciation in the white-cheeked geese. Wilson Bull., + 58:94-103. + +ALDRICH, J. W. AND FRIEDMANN, H. + + 1943. A revision of the ruffed grouse. Condor, 45:85-103. + +AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION COMMITTEE. + + 1931. Check-list of North American birds. Lancaster Press. + + 1944. Nineteenth supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 61:441-464. + + 1945. Twentieth supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 62:436-449. + + 1946. Twenty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 63:428-432. + + 1947. Twenty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 64:445-452. + +ARVEY, M. D. + + 1941. Black-billed cuckoo in Idaho. Condor, 43:291. + + 1944. Eastern blue-jay in Idaho. Condor, 46:205. + +BEHLE, W. H. + + 1942. Distribution and variation of the horned larks + (_Otocoris alpestris_) of western North America. Univ. + California Publ. Zoöl., 46:205-316. + + 1944. Check-list of the birds of Utah. Condor, 46:67-87. + +BENDIRE, C. E. + + 1877. Birds of southeastern Oregon. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. + Hist., 19:109-149. + +BOND, R. M. + + 1946. The peregrine population of western North America. + Condor, 48:101-116. + +BREWSTER, W. + + 1896. Description of a new warbler and a new song sparrow. + Auk, 13:44-47. + +BRODKORB, P. + + 1935a. Two new subspecies of the red-shafted flicker. Occ. + Pap. Mus. Zoöl., Univ. Michigan, 314:1-3. + + 1935b. A new bird for Idaho. Auk, 52:312. + +BURLEIGH, T. D. + + 1923. Notes on the breeding birds of Clark's Fork, Bonner + County, Idaho, Auk, 40:653-665. + +COOLE, H. K. + + 1915. The present status of the trumpeter swan (_Olor + buccinator_). Auk, 32:82-90. + +COUES, E. + + 1892. Original description of Lewis's woodpecker. Auk, 9:394. + +DAVIS, W. B. + + 1923. On the avifauna of Minidoka County, and adjacent + territory. Murrelet, 4:3-4. + + 1930. Meet _Oreospiza chlorura_. Oologist, 47:136. + + 1934. Bird notes from Owyhee County, Idaho. Murrelet, + 15:69-72. + + 1935a. Noon-day feeding of the Pacific nighthawk. Condor, + 37:176. + + 1935b. An analysis of the bird population in the vicinity of + Rupert, Idaho. Condor, 37:233-238. + + 1936. Broad-winged hawk in Idaho. Condor, 38:86. + +DAVIS, W. B. AND STEVENSON, J. + + 1934. The type localities of three birds collected by Lewis + and Clark in 1806. Condor, 36:161-163. + +DUVALL, H. J. + + 1945. Distribution and taxonomy of the black-capped + chickadees of North America. Auk, 62:49-69. + +EVENDON, F. G., JR., AND EVENDON, J. R. + + 1944. A house finch census at Mountain Home, Idaho. Condor, + 46:209. + +GRINNELL, J. + + 1904. The origin and distribution of the chestnut-backed + chickadee. Auk, 21:364-382. + +HAND, R. L. + + 1933a. The hawk-owl in northern Idaho. Condor, 35:32. + + 1933b. Summer occurrence of the goshawk in Idaho. Condor, + 35:36. + + 1935. A sight record of the red phalarope (_P. fulicans_) in + northern Idaho. Auk, 52:180-181. + + 1938. Notes on some birds nesting in northern Idaho. Condor, + 41:84. + +HAYWARD, C. L. + + 1934. Important heron rookeries in southeastern Idaho. Auk, + 51:39-41. + +HURLEY, J. B. + + 1926. Birds observed in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. + Murrelet, 7:35-36. + +JEWETT, S. G. + + 1912a. Western records of the catbird. Auk, 29:106. + + 1912b. Some birds of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Condor, + 14:191-194. + +JONES, V. E. + + 1943. White-fronted goose in Idaho. Condor, 45:120. + + 1946. The starling in Idaho. Condor, 48:142-143. + +KENAGY, F. + + 1914. A change in fauna. Condor, 16:120-123. + +LOW, J. B. + + 1945. Clay bank has multiple use for wildlife. Condor, + 47:132-133. + +LOW, J. B., AND NELSON, M. + + 1945. Recent records of breeding waterfowl in Utah and + southern Idaho. Condor, 47:131-132. + +MARSHALL, W. H. + + 1940. An "Eagle Guard" developed in Idaho. Condor, 52:166. + +MCCABE, T. T., AND MCCABE, E. B. + + 1933. Hermit thrushes of the northwestern states. Condor, + 35:122-123. + +MERRIAM, C. H. + + 1891. Results of a biological reconnaisance of south-central + Idaho. N. Amer. Fauna, 5:1-108. + + 1892. The dwarf screech owl (_Megascops flammeolus + idahoensis_ Merriam). Auk, 9:169-171. + +MERRILL, J. C. + + 1897. Notes on the birds of Fort Sherman, Idaho. Auk, + 14:347-357. + + 1898. Notes on the birds of Fort Sherman, Idaho. Auk, + 15:14-22. + +MILLER, A. H. + + 1931. Systematic revision and natural history of the + American shrikes (_Lanius_). Univ. California Publ. Zoöl., + 38:11-242. + + 1933. The Canada jays of northern Idaho. Trans. San Diego + Soc. Nat. Hist., 7:287-296. + + 1941. Speciation in the avian genus _Junco_. Univ. + California Publ. Zoöl., 44:173-434. + +MILLER, A. H. AND MCCABE, T. T. + + 1935. Racial differentiation in _Passerella (Melospiza) + lincolnii_. Condor, 37:144-160. + +MOORE, R. T. + + 1939. A review of the house finches of the subgenus Burrica. + Condor, 41:177-205. + +OBERHOLSER, H. C. + + 1918. Notes on the subspecies of _Numenius americanus_ + Bechstein. Auk, 35:188-195. + +OLSON, A. C., JR. + + 1943. Starling in northern Idaho. Condor, 45:197. + +PALMER, R. H. + + 1928. Relative abundance of bird species in southern Idaho, + Fresno County, California, and King County, Washington. + Murrelet, 9:28-38. + +RIDGWAY, R. + + 1901-1918. The birds of North and Middle America. U. S. Nat. + Mus. Bull. 50, pts. 1-8. + +RUST, H. J. + + 1913. Birds new to the vicinity of Lake Coeur d'Alene, + Kootenai County, Idaho. Condor, 15:41. + + 1914. Some notes on the nesting of the sharp-shinned hawk. + Condor, 16:14-24. + + 1915. An annotated list of the birds of Kootenai County, + Idaho. Condor, 17:118-129. + + 1916. Additional notes on the birds of Kootenai County, + Idaho. Condor, 18:81-82. + + 1917. An annotated list of the birds of Fremont County, + Idaho, as observed during the summer of 1916. Condor, + 19:29-43. + + 1919. A favorite nesting haunt of the Merrill song sparrow. + Condor, 21:145-153. + + 1920. The home life of the western warbling vireo. Condor, + 22:85-94. + +SLIPP, J. W. + + 1942. Franklin's gull in Idaho. Condor, 44:226-227. + +SLOANAKER, J. L. + + 1925. Notes from Spokane. Condor, 27:73-74. + +SNYDER, J. O. + + 1900. Notes on a few species of Idaho and Washington birds. + Auk, 17:242-245. + +STONE, W. + + 1915. Type locality of Lewis's woodpecker and Clarke's + nutcracker. Auk, 32:371-372. + +SUGDEN, J. W. + + 1937. The status of the sandhill crane in Utah and southern + Idaho. Condor, 40:18-22. + +TAVERNER, P. A. + + 1914. A new subspecies of _Dendragapus_ (_Dendragapus + obscurus flemmingi_) from southern Yukon Territory. Auk, + 31:385-388. + +TAYLOR, W. P. + + 1918. Bohemian waxwing (_Bombycilla garrula_) breeding + within the United States. Auk, 35:226-227. + +TRACY, H. C. + + 1910. The bobolink in Idaho. Condor, 12:80. + +VAN ROSSEM, A. J. + + 1929. A northern race of the mountain chickadee. Auk, + 45:104-105. + +WYMAN, L. E. + + 1911a. Harris's sparrow (_Zonotrichia querula_) in southern + Idaho. Auk, 28:267-268. + + 1911b. The bobolink again in Idaho. Condor, 13:75. + + 1911c. The catbird in southern Idaho. Condor, 13:108. + + 1912a. Bobolink again in Idaho. Condor, 14:41. + + 1912b. White-throated sparrow in Idaho. Auk, 29:247. + + 1912c. _Oreortyx_ in Idaho. Auk, 29:538-539. + +_Transmitted February 12, 1947._ + +21-6960 + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho, by +M. 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Dale Arvey. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + + p.title { text-align: center; text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 3em; } + + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho, by M. Dale Arvey + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho + +Author: M. Dale Arvey + +Editor: E. Raymond Hall + H. H. Lane + Edward H. Taylor + +Release Date: April 26, 2011 [EBook #35968] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF IDAHO *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + +<h1>A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho</h1> + +<p class="title">BY<br /><br /> + +<big>M. DALE ARVEY</big><br /><br /><br /><br /> + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS<br /> +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY<br /><br /> + +Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216<br /> +November 29, 1947<br /><br /><br /><br /> + +<small>University of Kansas<br /> +LAWRENCE<br /> +1947</small></p> + + +<p class="center"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, Edward H. Taylor<br /> +<br /> +Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216<br /> +Published November 29, 1947<br /> +<br /><br /><br /> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas<br /> +<br /><br /><br /> +<small>PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1947<br /> +<br /> +21-6960</small><br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="A_Check-list_of_the_Birds_of_Idaho" id="A_Check-list_of_the_Birds_of_Idaho"></a>A Check-list of the Birds of Idaho</h2> + +<p class="center">By</p> + +<p class="center">M. DALE ARVEY</p> + + +<p>There is comparatively little literature dealing with the avifauna of +Idaho, mostly because relatively few persons have done field work in +the state. In the ornithological literature, there is nothing even +comparable to a "state list," so that when birds supposedly unreported +previously from Idaho are found, it is difficult to know whether or not +they should be recorded as "new" to the state. The present paper has +been prepared in the hope that it will stimulate additions to, and +corrections of, the list. It is, admittedly, a beginning.</p> + +<p>Material for the present article was obtained from personal collecting +in the five years and ten months in which I resided in the state +(October, 1938-September, 1944). Also, the published reports that could +be found have been drawn upon; these publications are listed in the +appended bibliography. Taxonomic problems, of which many are unsolved, +are not here considered, since this is merely a list indicating whether +or not the species or subspecies, as now understood, is known to be +present, whether it is common, and where it might be found.</p> + +<p>The nomenclature is that of the Fourth Edition of the American +Ornithologists' Union Check-list and its supplements, except where a +revision has been made that is seemingly valid but which has not yet +been acted upon by the A. O. U. Committee. For each species or +subspecies the objective is to give at least one reference to +occurrence, as to date and place, as accurately as possible.</p> + +<p>Reference is made to southern, central, and northern Idaho. These +references denote the Snake River Plains, characterized by sagebrush +desert; the wooded regions immediately to the north of this and in the +foothills, extending to Idaho County in the west; and the so-called +Panhandle, respectively. In all, 292 kinds of birds are recorded in the +following list.</p> + + + + +<h2><a name="LIST_OF_SPECIES" id="LIST_OF_SPECIES"></a>LIST OF SPECIES</h2> + + +<p><i>Gavia immer elasson</i> Bishop. Lesser Loon. Uncommon resident in the +lakes of northern Idaho, and generally distributed. Merrill (1897:350) +states that the species is common and resident at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Gavia stellata</i> (Pontopiddan). Red-throated Loon. Davis (1935b:234) +records specimens taken in migration in Minidoka County at the +Minidoka<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span> Irrigation Project, and Rust (1915:121) states that this +species is rare in Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Colymbus grisegena holböllii</i> (Reinhardt). Holboell Grebe. Merrill +(1897:349) records this species as common in migration at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Colymbus auritus</i> Linnaeus. Horned Grebe. Uncommon resident. Davis +(1935b:234) records the bird as a summer visitant at the Minidoka +Project.</p> + +<p><i>Colymbus nigricollis californicus</i> (Heermann). Eared Grebe. Fairly +common resident along rivers and in lakes. Rust (1915:121) records one +specimen taken on Lake Coeur d'Alene in October, 1912.</p> + +<p><i>Aechmophorus occidentalis</i> (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Uncommon +resident. Merrill (1897:349) records one specimen from Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Podilymbus podiceps podiceps</i> (Linnaeus). Pied-billed Grebe. Common +resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that it is common at Fort Sherman +in the spring and autumn.</p> + +<p><i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i> Gmelin. White Pelican. Resident along the +Snake River; large nesting colonies are to be found in Bear Lake +County. See Davis (1935b:234) for nesting dates.</p> + +<p><i>Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus</i> Ridgway. Farallon Cormorant. Davis +(1935b:234) records this bird in the Minidoka Project as a regular +migrant and gives dates of occurrence. The resident population at the +Bear Lake Refuge has been reported as subspecies <i>auritus</i> by Behle +(1944:68), but probably is <i>albociliatus</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Ardea herodias treganzai</i> Court. Treganza Great Blue Heron. Common +resident in suitable localities. (Dale Arvey 1505, 7 mi. NE Moscow, +Latah County, Idaho, February 19, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Leucophoyx thula brewsteri</i> (Thayer and Bangs). Brewster Egret. Davis +(1935b:234) records one specimen from the Minidoka Project, taken on +September 16, 1919, and Hayward (1934:39) reports the species as +breeding at Bear Lake Valley in Bear Lake County.</p> + +<p><i>Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli</i> (Gmelin). Black-crowned Night Heron. +Common locally. Hayward (1934:39) reports the bird as resident in Bear +Lake Valley.</p> + +<p><i>Botaurus lentiginosus</i> (Montagu). American Bittern. Fairly common +resident in suitable localities. Merrill (1897:351) records the +American Bittern as rather common at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Plegadis mexicana</i> (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Vagrant. +Recorded as common at the Minidoka Project by Kenagy (1914:122).</p> + +<p><i>Cygnus columbianus</i> (Ord). Whistling Swan. Resident in the winter in +the larger lakes, and transient along the Snake River. (D. A. 1783, 1 +mi. S Hagerman, Gooding County, February 1, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Cygnus buccinator</i> Richardson. Trumpeter Swan. Merriam (1891:91) +states that Bendire found this swan breeding on Henry Lake in 1877, and +that two were collected in August of that year. Rust (1915:123) records +the species as a rare fall migrant on Lake Coeur d'Alene. There are no +recent records.</p> + +<p><i>Branta canadensis</i> (Linnaeus). Canada Goose. Fairly common resident. +See Aldrich (1946b) for records of each subspecies.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>moffitti</i> Aldrich. Great Basin Canada Goose. This is the +resident race.</p> + +<p>b. <i>occidentalis</i> (Baird). White-cheeked Goose. Migrant.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p> + +<p>c. <i>leucopareia</i> (Brandt). Lesser Canada Goose. Migrant.</p></div> + +<p><i>Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii</i> (Richardson). Hutchins Cackling Goose. +Migrant. See Aldrich (1946b) for the status of this goose.</p> + +<p><i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> (Lawrence). Black Brant. Davis (1935b:234) +records this species as a regular migrant in Minidoka County, and +indicates that some remain all winter.</p> + +<p><i>Anser albifrons albifrons</i> (Scopoli). White-fronted Goose. Uncommon +migrant. Jones (1943:120) records a specimen from "about 10 mi. north +Pocatello, Bingham County."</p> + +<p><i>Chen hyperborea hyperborea</i> (Pallas). Lesser Snow Goose. Fairly common +transient along the Snake River. Two specimens are in the State Game +Department's mounted collection from the Snake River, probably from +near Payette, Payette County.</p> + +<p><i>Chen rossi</i> (Cassin). Ross Goose. Transient along the Snake River. The +Game Department collection has two mounted skins from "along the Snake +River."</p> + +<p><i>Anas platyryhnchos platyryhnchos</i> Linnaeus. Mallard. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1753, Boise River, 1 mi. S Middleton, Canyon County, +November 24, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Anas acuta tzitzihoa</i> (Vieillot). American Pintail. Resident and +common during migration. (D. A. 1752, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, +Elmore County, November 16, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Anas carolinensis</i> Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common resident. (D. A. +1261, Thorn Creek, 7 mi. S Moscow, Latah County, October 30, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Anas discors</i> Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Rare resident. Merriam +(1891:90) records two shot on Saw Tooth Lake (=Alturas Lake, Blaine +County), about October 1.</p> + +<p><i>Anas cyanoptera</i> Vieillot. Cinnamon Teal. Uncommon resident. I +observed a female with four young in Bellevue, Blaine County, in July, +1942, and Merrill (1897:350) records a female with young on June 11 at +Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Anas strepera</i> Linnaeus. Gadwall. Resident locally; fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1310, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County, +January 2, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Mareca americana</i> (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common during migration, and +resident along the Snake River. (D. A. 1747, 1 mi. W Bowman Ranch on +Boise River, Canyon County, October 26, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Spatula clypeata</i> (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common in migration, and +breeds locally. (D. A. 1492, Wallace, Shoshone County, October 22, +1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Aix sponsa</i> (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Fairly common in migration, and +resident locally. Merrill (1897:350) records it as a summer resident at +Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Aythya americana</i> (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common migrant. Recorded by +Merrill (1897:350) at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Aythya collaris</i> (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Uncommon transient. +Merrill (1897:350) records it at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Aythya valisineria</i> (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common in migration, +and recorded by Low and Nelson (1945:131) as breeding in Bonneville and +Caribou counties.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Aythya marila</i> (Linnaeus). Greater Scaup Duck. Fairly common migrant. +Davis (1935b:236) records one bird from the Minidoka Project taken on +March 28, 1920.</p> + +<p><i>Aythya affinis</i> (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common during migration. +Davis (1935b:235) lists this bird as a regular winter visitant in +Minidoka County from October 30 to May 31.</p> + +<p><i>Glaucionetta clangula americana</i> (Bonaparte). American Golden-eye. +Common resident. (D. A. 1476, Bellevue, Blaine County, June 28, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Glaucionetta islandica</i> (Gmelin). Barrow Golden-eye. Uncommon +transient. Davis (1935b:234) records one specimen taken at the Minidoka +Project.</p> + +<p><i>Glaucionetta albeola</i> (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Common migrant. (D. A. +1852, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, Elmore County, November 15, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus</i> Brooks. Western Harlequin Duck. +Uncommon. Rust (1915:122) records one specimen taken on the marshes of +the St. Joseph River in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1897:350) states +that it is occasionally taken on the St. Joseph and Coeur d'Alene +rivers.</p> + +<p><i>Melanitta fusca</i> subsp.?. White-winged Scoter. Rust (1915:122) records +this bird as common on Lake Coeur d'Alene in the winter of 1913.</p> + +<p><i>Melanitta perspicillata</i> (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rust (1915:122) +states that this is a rare fall migrant in Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Oxyura jamaicensis rubida</i> (Wilson). Ruddy Duck. Common migrant on the +Snake River. Merrill (1897:350) records this duck as "not uncommon in +the spring and autumn" at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Lophodytes cucullatus</i> (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Common resident +in suitable localities. (D. A. 1389, Lewiston, Nezperce County, April +2, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Mergus merganser americanus</i> Cassin. American Merganser. Common +resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that the bird is common in fall and +winter at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Mergus serrator</i> Linnaeus. Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon. Merrill +(1897:350) records one specimen taken "near Fort Sherman."</p> + +<p><i>Cathartes aura teter</i> Friedmann. Western Turkey Vulture. Common +resident in southern Idaho, and transient elsewhere. Merrill (1897:352) +records it as a summer resident at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Accipiter gentilis striatulus</i> (Ridgway). Western Goshawk. Fairly +common migrant, and possibly resident. Hand (1933b:36) reports it as +resident in northern Idaho. (D. A. 1317, 1318, Nezperce, Lewis County, +January 9 and 12, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Accipiter striatus velox</i> (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1296, 4-1/2 mi. NE Genessee, Latah County, November +27, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Accipiter cooperii</i> (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Common resident in the +forests. (D. A. 1450, Sandpoint, Bonner County, May 24, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Buteo jamaicensis calurus</i> Cassin. Western Red-tailed Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1352, Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Buteo platypterus platypterus</i> (Vieillot). Broad-winged Hawk. Davis +(1936:86) records one specimen of this hawk taken on May 23, 1935, at +Castle Creek, 8 mi. S Oreana, Owyhee County.</p> + +<p><i>Buteo swainsoni</i> Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Common resident. (D. A. +1451, Moscow, Latah County, May 21, 1939.)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Buteo lagopus s. johannis</i> (Gmelin). American Rough-legged Hawk. +Common migrant and possibly resident. (D. A. 1301, 11 mi. SE Genessee, +Nezperce County, November 27, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Buteo regalis</i> (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Uncommon migrant. (D. A. +1326, 4 mi. N Minidoka Power Plant, Minidoka County, January 27, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Aquila chrysaëtos canadensis</i> (Linnaeus). Golden Eagle. Uncommon +resident. Merrill (1897:353) stated that the species occurred +"sparingly" at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis</i> (Audubon). Northern Bald +Eagle. Uncommon resident in northern Idaho, Merrill (1897:353) stated +that a few pairs bred about Lake Coeur d'Alene.</p> + +<p><i>Circus cyaneus hudsonius</i> (Linnaeus). Marsh Hawk. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1371, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County, +April 1, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Pandion haliaetus carolinensis</i> (Gmelin). Osprey. Uncommon resident. +Merrill (1897:353) reported the bird as frequent in the summer at Fort +Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Falco mexicanus</i> Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Fairly common resident. (D. +A. 1319, American Falls, Bingham County, January 16, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Falco peregrinus anatum</i> Bonaparte. Duck Hawk. Uncommon resident. Bond +(1946:104) lists this bird as a rare breeder in Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Falco columbarius bendirei</i> Swann. Western Pigeon Hawk. Rust +(1915:124) records one specimen from Coeur d'Alene as subspecies +<i>columbarius</i>; although the skin has not been checked by me, it would +seem to be more likely of subspecies <i>bendirei</i>, corresponding to +others taken in northern Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Falco sparverius sparverius</i> Linnaeus. Eastern Sparrow Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1267, Little Bear Ridge, 5 mi. SW Troy, Latah County, +November 2, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Dendragapus obscurus</i> (Say). Blue Grouse. Common resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>obscurus</i> (Say). Dusky Grouse. Specimens from +southeastern Idaho are referable to this race.</p> + +<p>b. <i>richardsonii</i> (Douglas). Richardson Grouse. This is the +resident race of southwestern Idaho north to Idaho County, +where intergradation occurs with the next form. (D. A. 1431, +1432, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, May 14, 1939.)</p> + +<p>c. <i>pallidus</i> Swarth. Oregon Dusky Grouse. Birds in the +northern portion of the state are of this race.</p></div> + +<p><i>Canachites franklinii</i> (Douglas). Franklin Grouse. Uncommon resident. +I have observed the birds in the Selway National Forest, in Idaho +County, and specimens have been taken in Bonner County. (D. A. 1336, +1337, 6 mi. S Coolin, Bonner County, February 19, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Bonasa umbellus</i> (Linnaeus). Ruffed Grouse. Common resident. See +Aldrich and Friedman (1943) for ranges of the following races.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>phaia</i> Aldrich and Friedmann. Idaho Ruffed Grouse. This +is the race resident in southwestern Idaho, and it +intergrades with the two following forms.</p> + +<p>b. <i>umbelloides</i> (Douglas). Gray Ruffed Grouse. Resident in +northern Idaho.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span></p> + +<p>c. <i>incanus</i> Aldrich and Friedmann. Hoary Ruffed Grouse. +Resident in southeastern Idaho.</p></div> + +<p><i>Lagopus leucurus altipetens</i> Osgood. Southern White-tailed Ptarmigan. +Several specimens of this bird are mounted in a collection in Idaho +City, having been collected "in the vicinity."</p> + +<p><i>Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus</i> (Ord). Columbian Sharp-tailed +Grouse. One specimen was sent me from Bonner County, where the species +was said to be fairly abundant. (D. A. 1513, 15 mi. N Priest River, +Bonner County, April 1, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i> (Bonaparte). Sage Grouse. Common locally. +Previously numerous, and now recovering from a severe decline in +numbers. Merriam (1891:93) speaks of using these birds for fresh meat +during much of his trip.</p> + +<p><i>Perdix perdix perdix</i> (Linnaeus). European Partridge. Common since its +introduction.</p> + +<p><i>Colinus virginianus texanus</i> (Lawrence). Texas Bob-white. Common +resident in southern Idaho. Merriam (1891:92) states that the birds +were first introduced at Boise, Ada County.</p> + +<p><i>Lophortyx californica brunnescens</i> Ridgway. California Quail. +Introduced into southern Idaho; not numerous but establishing itself in +the foothills.</p> + +<p><i>Oreortyx picta picta</i> (Douglas). Plumed Quail. Common resident. Wyman +(1912c:538) states that this species was not present in Idaho prior to +about 1900, having at that time extended its range from Oregon.</p> + +<p><i>Phasianus colchicus</i> Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Common resident +since its introduction; there is considerable admixture of races in the +stock.</p> + +<p><i>Grus canadensis tabida</i> (Peters). Sandhill Crane. Uncommon resident. +Merriam (1891:91) reports the bird breeding near Fort Lapwai, Nezperce +County, in June 1871, and Davis (1935b:234) states that it is a regular +migrant at the Minidoka Project.</p> + +<p><i>Rallus limicola limicola</i> Vieillot. Virginia Rail. Davis (1923) states +that this rail is uncommon at the Minidoka Project, but that it was +abundant in earlier years.</p> + +<p><i>Porzana carolina</i> (Linnaeus). Sora. Uncommon resident. Merriam +(1891:91) recorded this species from Big Lost River, "about 8 mi. above +Arco," Butte County, on July 26.</p> + +<p><i>Fulica americana</i> Gmelin. American Coot. Common resident. (D. A. 1745, +Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Charadrius vociferus vociferus</i> Linnaeus. Killdeer. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. Rust (1915:123) records the earliest arrival +date for the bird in Kootenai County as March 9, 1913, and says that it +leaves by September 1.</p> + +<p><i>Pluvialis dominica fulva</i> (Gmelin). Pacific Golden Plover. Sloanaker +(1925:73) records one specimen of this bird, shot from a flock of four +near Coeur d'Alene on Lake Chactolet on October 1, 1923.</p> + +<p><i>Squatarola squatarola</i> (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Rust +(1915:123) records one specimen of this bird taken on the St. Joseph +marshes, Kootenai County.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Capella gallinago delicata</i> (Ord). Wilson Snipe. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1739, Boise River, 3 mi. W Boise, Ada County, October +17, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Numenius americanus</i> Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Uncommon resident. +See Oberholser (1918) for ranges of the following subspecies.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>americanus</i> Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Resident in +southern Idaho.</p> + +<p>b. <i>parvus</i> Bishop. Northern Curlew. The resident population +in northern Idaho is referable to this subspecies.</p></div> + +<p><i>Actitis macularia</i> (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common resident in +the Canadian Life-zone. (D. A. 1807, junction of Simmon's Cr. and Boise +River, Boise County, July 5, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Tringa solitaria cinnamomea</i> (Brewster). Western Solitary Sandpiper. +Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen on April 9, 1920 at the Minidoka +Project, and records the bird as erratic in occurrence.</p> + +<p><i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus</i> (Brewster). Western Willet. +Davis (1935b:235) records this bird as a summer visitant at the +Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence there.</p> + +<p><i>Totanus melanoleucus</i> (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Davis (1935b:234) +records this bird at the Minidoka Project in migration.</p> + +<p><i>Totanus flavipes</i> (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1742, Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Erolia melanotos</i> (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Merrill (1897:351) +records this bird as common in 1896 from August to October at Fort +Sherman, and a number of specimens were taken.</p> + +<p><i>Erolia minutilla</i> (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Fairly common migrant. +Davis (1935b:234) gives dates of migration of this bird at the Minidoka +Project.</p> + +<p><i>Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus</i> (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Merrill +(1897:351) collected five specimens on September 12 on the St. Joseph +marshes.</p> + +<p><i>Micropalama himantopus</i> (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Davis +(1935b:234) collected one bird at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919, +and stated that the species was erratic in occurrence.</p> + +<p><i>Ereunetes mauri</i> Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Rust (1917:32) recorded +this bird on August 27 near Spencer, Fremont County, and also at Henry +Lake.</p> + +<p><i>Limosa fedoa</i> (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) records +one specimen taken on August 1, 1920, at the Minidoka Project.</p> + +<p><i>Limosa haemastica</i> (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) +records one bird taken at the Minidoka Project on July 7, 1919.</p> + +<p><i>Crocethia alba</i> (Pallas). Sanderling. Davis (1935b:236) records this +bird from the Minidoka Project in migration, and he took one specimen +on May 19, 1921.</p> + +<p><i>Recurvirostra americana</i> Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon resident in southern +Idaho. (D. A. 1631, Snake River at Hagerman, Gooding County, June 16, +1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Himantopus mexicanus</i> (Müller). Black-necked Stilt. Davis (1935b:235) +records this bird from Minidoka as a summer visitant, and gives dates +of its occurrence.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Phalaropus fulicarius</i> (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Hand (1935:180) +reports one bird of this species in October on the St. Joseph River at +St. Maries, Benewah County.</p> + +<p><i>Steganopus tricolor</i> Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Uncommon. Davis +(1935b:236) took one specimen at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919.</p> + +<p><i>Lobipes lobatus</i> (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Uncommon resident. +Davis (1935b:236) reports the species as erratic at the Minidoka +Project, where he took one specimen on May 13, 1919.</p> + +<p><i>Stercorarius pomarinus</i> (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Davis (1935b:236) +took one bird "on the Snake River," on September 4, 1919.</p> + +<p><i>Larus argentatus thayeri</i> Brooks. Thayer Gull. Merrill (1897:350) +records several birds of this species taken in the fall and winter on +Lake Coeur d'Alene.</p> + +<p><i>Larus californicus</i> Lawrence. California Gull. Common in the winter, +and possibly breeds along the Snake River. Davis (1935b:235) records +this bird as a common summer visitant at the Minidoka Project.</p> + +<p><i>Larus delawarensis</i> Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Uncommon straggler. Merrill +(1897:350) records it in the winter at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Larus pipixcan</i> Wagler. Franklin Gull. Late winter and spring +straggler. See Slipp (1942).</p> + +<p><i>Larus philadelphia</i> (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. This gull is recorded by +Merrill (1897:350) as taken at Fort Sherman in November.</p> + +<p><i>Sterna forsteri</i> Nuttall. Forster Tern. Davis (1935b:235) lists this +bird as a summer visitant in Minidoka County, and gives dates of its +occurrence there.</p> + +<p><i>Sterna hirundo hirundo</i> Linnaeus. Common Tern. Rust (1915:121) states +that this tern is rare in Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Hydroprogne caspia</i> (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Common during migration. +Davis (1935b:234) records the species as common in migration at the +Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence.</p> + +<p><i>Chlidonias nigra surinamensis</i> (Gmelin). Black Tern. Fairly common on +lakes; evidently resident. Rust (1915:121) records this bird as common +in June, 1914, on the St. Joseph Marshes.</p> + +<p><i>Columba fasciata fasciata</i> Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. Rare at present. +Merrill (1897:349) states that Cooper listed this bird in what is now +Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Zenaidura macroura marginella</i> (Woodhouse). Western Mourning Dove. +Common summer resident, frequently remaining in winter. Rust (1915:123) +lists the bird as a fairly common summer resident in Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Ectopistes migratorius</i> (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. Merrill +(1897:349) states that Cooper listed this species from Montana and from +what is now Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Coccyzus americanus occidentalis</i> Ridgway. California Cuckoo. This +bird was reported by Davis (1935b:236), as taken May 16, 1918 at the +Minidoka Project, and he says that nests have been taken near Rupert by +Kenagy.</p> + +<p><i>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</i> (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. One breeding +bird of this species was reported by Arvey (1941:291), taken at Slide +Gulch on the Boise River, Boise County, on July 10, 1941. Since this +time I have observed the bird twice in Boise, Ada County, in the +summer.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Tyto alba pratincola</i> (Bonaparte). Barn Owl. Uncommon resident. One +specimen in the University of Idaho collection of mounted birds was +taken near Moscow, Latah County.</p> + +<p><i>Otus asio</i> (Linnaeus). Screech Owl. Common resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>macfarlanei</i> (Brewster). MacFarlane Screech Owl. +Resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1861, Boise, Ada County, +April 11, 1942.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>brewsteri</i> Ridgway. Brewster Screech Owl. Resident in +northern Idaho. (D. A. 1312, Lapwai, Nezperce County, +December 25, 1938.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Otus flammeolus flammeolus</i> (Kaup). Flammulated Screech Owl. Rare +resident. Specimens have been taken in two localities. Merriam +(1891:96) took one specimen on the west side of Big Wood River, "only a +few miles north of Ketchum, September 22," 1890. The record from Blaine +County and the one of Rust (1915:125), near Fernan Lake, September 28, +1914, are the only two positive records of this species to my +knowledge.</p> + +<p><i>Bubo virginianus</i> (Gmelin). Great Horned Owl. Common resident. See A. +O. U. Check-list (1931).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>wapacuthu</i> (Gmelin). Arctic Horned Owl. Migrant.</p> + +<p>b. <i>occidentalis</i> Stone. Montana Horned Owl. Resident in +central and southeastern Idaho.</p> + +<p>c. <i>lagophonus</i> (Oberholser). Northwestern Horned Owl. +Resident in western and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1486, 10 mi. +SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, 1939.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Nyctea scandiaca</i> (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Casual migrant. Merrill +(1897:352) stated that there was an invasion of owls of this species in +the winter of 1896-'97, and many were observed during that time at Fort +Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Surnia ulula caparoch</i> (Müller). American Hawk Owl. Uncommon. Hand +(1933a:32) reports one specimen of this owl taken at Stanley Butte, 10 +mi. S Lochsa River, Idaho County, on November 3, 1925, and mentions one +other observed in the summer. He suggests that the bird breeds in +northern Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Glaucidium gnoma californicum</i> Sclater. California Pygmy Owl. Fairly +common resident in the Canadian Life-zone. Specimens seem referable to +subspecies <i>pinicola</i>, recently synonymized by the A. O. U. Committee. +(D. A. 1311, Priest River, Bonner County, January 3, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea</i> (Bonaparte). Western Burrowing Owl. +Fairly common local resident. (D. A. 1388, 10 mi. W Boise, Ada County, +April 2, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Strix nebulosa nebulosa</i> Forster. Great Gray Owl. Vagrant. A specimen, +D. A. 1303, taken on December 8, 1938, was sent me from 9 mi. NE +Grangeville, Idaho County, December 8, 1938.</p> + +<p><i>Asio otus wilsonianus</i> (Lesson). Long-eared Owl. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1532, 5 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, April 29, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Asio flammeus flammeus</i> (Pontoppidan). Short-eared Owl. Very common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1346, 2 mi. S Moscow, +Latah County, March 7, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Aegolius funereus</i> richardsoni (Bonaparte). Richardson Owl. Rust +(1915:125) records this bird as a rare winter visitor in Kootenai +County, and Merrill (1897:353) lists two specimens taken "early in the +spring of 1894 ... about seven miles from the fort."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Aegolius acadicus acadicus</i> (Gmelin). Saw-whet Owl. Rare. Davis +(1935b:235) says that this is a regular winter visitor at the Minidoka +Project, and Merrill (1897:353) lists one specimen taken at Fort +Sherman, on January 19.</p> + +<p><i>Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii</i> (Audubon). Nuttall Poorwill. +Uncommon resident. Merriam (1891:98) records this species from "the +lava beds west of Blackfoot" on July 17, 1872.</p> + +<p><i>Chordeiles minor hesperis</i> Grinnell. Pacific Nighthawk. Common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1468, 2 mi. S Hailey, on +Wood River, Blaine County, June 25, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Chaetura vauxi vauxi</i> (Townsend). Vaux Swift. Merrill (1897:354) +reports this bird as resident at Fort Sherman, as does Burleigh +(1923:658) at Clark's Fork, Bonner County.</p> + +<p><i>Aëronautes saxatalis saxatalis</i> (Woodhouse). White-throated Swift. +Fairly common resident in suitable localities. The Museum of Vertebrate +Zoölogy has one specimen of this bird taken on Salmon Creek, 8 mi. W +Rogerson, Twin Falls County.</p> + +<p><i>Archilochus alexandri</i> (Boucier and Mulsant). Black-chinned +Hummingbird. Rust (1915:125) records this species as resident in +Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Selasphorus platycercus platycercus</i> (Swainson). Broad-tailed +Hummingbird. Common resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) +states that the bird is of erratic occurrence at the Minidoka Project.</p> + +<p><i>Selasphorus rufus</i> (Gmelin). Rufous Hummingbird. Fairly common +resident. Merrill (1897:355) states that this species is common in +spring at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Stellula calliope</i> (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. Common resident. (D. +A. 1541, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 10, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Megaceryle alcyon caurina</i> (Grinnell). Western Belted Kingfisher. +Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1518, 7 mi. NE Moscow, +Latah County, April 19, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Colaptes cafer</i> (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>collaris</i> Vigors. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in +southwestern and northern Idaho. Many specimens show yellow +remiges and rectrices, and are perhaps hybrids with the +species <i>auratus</i>. (D. A. 1731, Owl Creek, in Blaine County, +September 8, 1940.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>canescens</i> Brodkorb. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in +southeastern Idaho. See Brodkorb (1935a:1).</p></div> + +<p><i>Hylatomus pileatus picinus</i> (Bangs). Western Pileated Woodpecker. +Fairly common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1498, 10 mi. +NE Moscow, Latah County, November 18, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Asyndesmus lewis</i> Gray. Lewis Woodpecker. Common resident. Merrill +(1897:354) records this bird as common "around Fort Sherman."</p> + +<p><i>Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis</i> Baird. Red-naped Sapsucker. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1485, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, +1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus</i> (Cassin). Williamson Sapsucker. +Uncommon resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has one specimen +taken on the W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch Mountains, Bear +Lake County.</p> + +<p><i>Dendrocopos villosus monticola</i> Anthony. Rocky Mountain Hairy +Woodpecker.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> Common resident. (D. A. 1662, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho +County, July 1, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Dendrocopos pubescens leucurus</i> (Hartlaub). Batchelder Woodpecker. +Common resident. (D. A. 1495, Potlatch, Latah County, November 3, +1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Dendrocopos albolarvatus albolarvatus</i> (Cassin). Northern White-headed +Woodpecker. Uncommon resident. (D. A. 1434, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho +County, May 14, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Picoïdes arcticus</i> (Swainson). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Uncommon +resident in northern Idaho. Merrill (1897:354) reports these birds as +resident at Fort Sherman.</p> + +<p><i>Picoïdes tridactylus</i> (Linnaeus). Uncommon resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>dorsalis</i> Baird. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident +in southern Idaho; the Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has +specimens taken at W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch +Mountains, Bear Lake County.</p> + +<p>b. <i>fasciatus</i> Baird. Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident +in northern Idaho. There are specimens in the Museum of +Vertebrate Zoölogy taken at Coolin, Priest Lake, Kootenai +County.</p></div> + +<p><i>Tyrannus tyrannus</i> (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common resident in +northern Idaho; casual in southern portion. (Univ. Idaho, No. 39, +Moscow, Latah County, May 19, 1937.)</p> + +<p><i>Tyrannus verticalis</i> Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Common resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1794, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, June +15, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens</i> (Lawrence). Ash-throated +Flycatcher. Uncommon resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1837, Head +Taylor Creek, Boise National Forest, Boise County, August 7, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Sayornis saya saya</i> (Bonaparte). Say Phoebe. Fairly common resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1720, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County.)</p> + +<p><i>Empidonax traillii brewsteri</i> Oberholser. Little Flycatcher. Fairly +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 121, +Moscow Mountain, Latah County, June 15, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Empidonax hammondii</i> (Xantus). Hammond Flycatcher. Uncommon resident +in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 62, Avery, Latah County, +July 10, 1937.)</p> + +<p><i>Empidonax wrightii</i> Baird. Wright Flycatcher. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1560, Robinson's Lake, 10 mi. E Moscow, +Latah County, May 16, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Empidonax griseus</i> Brewster. Gray Flycatcher. Davis (1934) records one +specimen of this species taken June 3, 1934, at Riddle, Owyhee County.</p> + +<p><i>Contopus richardsonii richardsonii</i> (Swainson). Western Wood Pewee. +Common resident. (D. A. 1617, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, June 5, +1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Nuttallornis borealis</i> (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon +resident. (D. A. 1786, Idaho City, Boise County, May 23, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Eremophila alpestris</i> (Linnaeus). Horned Lark. Common resident. See +Behle (1942) for ranges of the following races.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>lamprochroma</i> Oberholser. Oregon Horned Lark. +Southwestern Idaho, and intergrading with the next two +races.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p> + +<p>b. <i>utahensis</i> Behle. Great Salt Lake Horned Lark. Resident +in central and southeastern Idaho.</p> + +<p>c. <i>merrilli</i> Dwight. Dusky Horned Lark. Northern Idaho.</p></div> + +<p><i>Tachycineta thalassina lepida</i> Mearns. Violet-green Swallow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1654, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Iridoprocne bicolor</i> (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Fairly common resident. +Burleigh (1923:655) records the birds at Clark's Fork, Bonner County.</p> + +<p><i>Riparia riparia riparia</i> (Linnaeus). Bank Swallow. Fairly common +resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1453, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow, +Latah County, May 26, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis</i> (Audubon). Rough-winged +Swallow. Low (1945:132) records a colony of these birds and Bank +Swallows nesting together at Gray's Lake, in Caribou County.</p> + +<p><i>Hirundo rustica erythrogaster</i> Boddaert. Barn Swallow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1420, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Petrochelidon pyrronota albifrons</i> (Rafinesque). Northern Cliff +Swallow. Common resident. (D. A. 1415, Troy, Latah County, May 6, +1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Perisoreus canadensis bicolor</i> A. H. Miller. Idaho Jay. Common +resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1344, Blue Creek, 8 mi. +NE Priest Lake, Bonner County, March 5, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Cyanocitta stelleri annectens</i> (Baird). Black-headed Jay. Common +resident. (D. A. 1257, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, October 25, +1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Aphelocoma coerulescens woodhousei</i> (Baird). Woodhouse Jay. Uncommon +resident in southern Idaho. The A. O. U. Check-list records this +species from southern Idaho; it is resident in the piñon-juniper +association.</p> + +<p><i>Pica pica hudsonia</i> (Sabine). American Magpie. Common resident. (D. A. +1782, Star, Canyon County, May 1, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Corvus corax sinuatus</i> Wagler. American Raven. Common resident in +southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a regular winter +visitant at the Minidoka Project.</p> + +<p><i>Corvus brachyrynchos hesperis</i> Ridgway. Western Crow. Common resident. +Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a winter visitant at the Minidoka +Project.</p> + +<p><i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i> Wied. Piñon Jay. Resident locally in +piñon-juniper association. Davis (1935b:235) states that this is a +regular winter visitant in Minidoka County.</p> + +<p><i>Nucifraga columbiana</i> (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Common resident of +forested areas of central and northern Idaho. See Burleigh (1923:655).</p> + +<p><i>Parus atricapillus</i> Linnaeus. Black-capped Chickadee. Very common +resident. See Duvall (1945) for ranges of the following races.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>septentrionalis</i> Harris. Long-tailed Chickadee. Resident +in eastern Idaho; intergrades with the next two races.</p> + +<p>b. <i>nevadensis</i> (Linsdale). Pallid Black-capped Chickadee. +Resident in southwestern and south-central Idaho.</p> + +<p>c. <i>fortuitus</i> (Davison and Bowles). Columbian Black-capped +Chickadee. Resident in northern and central Idaho.</p></div> + +<p><i>Parus gambeli</i> Ridgway. Mountain Chickadee. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>grinnelli</i> (van Rossem). Grinnell Chickadee. Resident in +central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1508, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, +Latah County, March 18, 1940.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>inyoensis</i> (Grinnell). Inyo Chickadee. Resident in +southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1361, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW +Pocatello, Power County, April 1, 1939.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Parus rufescens rufescens</i> Townsend. Chestnut-backed Chickadee. +Resident in central and northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) records the +bird from Fernan Lake, Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Parus inornatus griseus</i> (Ridgway). Gray Titmouse. Fairly common +resident in southeastern Idaho in the piñon-juniper association. (D. A. +1366, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock County, April 2, +1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus</i> (Baird). Lead-colored Bush-tit. +Uncommon resident in the piñon-juniper association of southern Idaho. +The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has specimens collected by me at S +Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line, Owyhee County.</p> + +<p><i>Sitta carolinensis tenuissima</i> Grinnell. Inyo Nuthatch. Fairly common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1286, 3 mi. NE Princeton, +Latah County, November 20, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Sitta canadensis</i> Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1905, 11 mi. SSW Idaho City, Boise +County, October 20, 1946.)</p> + +<p><i>Sitta pygmaea melanotis</i> van Rossem. Black-eared Nuthatch. Fairly +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1552, 10 mi. NE +Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Certhia familiaris caurina</i> Aldrich. Northwestern Creeper. Common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1304, Paradise Ridge, 3 +mi. S Moscow, Latah County, December 10, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Cinclus mexicanus unicolor</i> Bonaparte. Dipper. Common resident. Rust +(1915:128) reports that this bird is regularly seen along mountain +streams in Kootenai County.</p> + +<p><i>Troglodytes aëdon parkmanii</i> Audubon. Western House Wren. Common +resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 50, Moscow, Latah County, May 25, 1937.)</p> + +<p><i>Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus</i> Baird. Western Winter Wren. +Uncommon resident in the Canadian Life-zone of central and northern +Idaho. (D. A. 1269, Lochsa River, at Van Camp, Idaho County, November +5, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Telmatodytes palustris pulverius</i> Aldrich. Northwestern Long-billed +Marsh Wren. Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1769, 2 mi. +SW Notus, Canyon County, February 20, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Catherpes mexicanus griseus</i> Aldrich. Northern Canyon Wren. Uncommon +resident in southern Idaho, extending north at least to Idaho County. +(D. A. 1702, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, July 15, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus</i> (Say). Common Rock Wren. Resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1799, Boise, Ada County, June 24, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Dumetella carolinensis ruficrissa</i> Aldrich. Western Catbird. Common +resident in northern Idaho, and possibly in the southern portion of the +state. (D. A. 1467, 2 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, June 2, 1939.)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i> (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Resident in the +sagebrush area from Idaho County south. (D. A. 1645, 4 mi. NW Pollock, +Idaho County, June 25, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Turdus migratorius</i> Linnaeus. Robin. Common resident in the Transition +Life-zone.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>caurinus</i> (Grinnell). Northwestern Robin. Common +migrant. (Univ. Idaho No. 216, Moscow, Latah County, August +25, 1937.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>propinquus</i> Ridgway. Western Robin. Resident. (D. A. +1893, Boise, Ada County, May 1, 1944.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Ixoreus naevius meruloides</i> (Swainson). Northern Varied Thrush. +Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1231, Moscow, +Latah County, October 7, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Hylocichla guttata</i> (Pallas). Hermit Thrush. Fairly common resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>guttata</i> (Pallas). Alaska Hermit Thrush. The A. O. U. +Check-list (1931) states that these birds migrate through +Idaho.</p> + +<p>b. <i>auduboni</i> (Baird). Audubon Hermit Thrush. Resident. (D. +A. 1230, Moscow, Latah County, October 1, 1938.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Hylocichla ustulata almae</i> Oberholser. Western Olive-backed Thrush. +Fairly common resident. (D. A. 1616, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, +June 5, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola</i> Ridgway. Willow Thrush. Fairly +common resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has specimens of this +species, taken at Castle Creek Ranger Station, Idaho County, 7 mi. SE +Murphy, Owyhee County, and 3 mi. W Swan Valley, Bonneville County.</p> + +<p><i>Sialia mexicanus occidentalis</i> Townsend. Western Bluebird. Resident in +northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) states that the species is fairly +common at Coeur d'Alene Lake.</p> + +<p><i>Sialia currucoides</i> (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1789, Black Creek, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, March +7, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Myadestes townsendi</i> (Audubon). Townsend Solitaire. Uncommon resident +in the boreal zones. (D. A. 1294, 7 mi. E Genessee, Latah County, +November 27, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Polioptila caerulea amoenissima</i> Grinnell. Western Gnatcatcher. +Brodkorb (1935b:312) records one specimen of this bird taken at 6,000 +ft. "about eight miles southwest of Raymond, Bear Lake County," on +October 7, 1932.</p> + +<p><i>Regulus satrapa olivaceus</i> Baird. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. +Resident; fairly common in winter. (D. A. 1229, Moscow, Latah County, +October 1, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Regulus calendula cineraceus</i> Grinnell. Western Ruby-crowned Kinglet. +Resident; one of the most common winter birds. (D. A. 1902, Cottonwood +Creek, 5 mi. NNE Boise, Ada County, October 5, 1946.)</p> + +<p><i>Anthus spinoletta pacificus</i> Todd. Western Pipit. Common migrant. (D. +A. 1849, Black Creek Reservoir, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, October +11, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps</i> Reichenow. Bohemian Waxwing. Common +sporadically in winter. Taylor (1918:226) reported this bird breeding +near Sandpoint, Bonner County.</p> + +<p><i>Bombycilla cedrorum</i> Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Very common in winter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span> +often with the preceding species; resident in Kootenai and Bonner +counties, and probably elsewhere in the State. Rust (1915:128) records +a nest with three fresh eggs on June 28 at Fernan Creek, Kootenai +County.</p> + +<p><i>Lanius excubitor invictus</i> Grinnell. Northwestern Shrike. Casual +migrant. (D. A. 1875, Boise, Ada County, February 3, 1943.)</p> + +<p><i>Lanius ludovicianus gambeli</i> Ridgway. California Shrike. Miller +(1931:79) states that the resident population of this species is +referred to this race. Common resident in the Sonoran zones.</p> + +<p><i>Sturnus vulgaris</i> Linnaeus. Starling. These birds have been reported +for several years; specimens were first reported by Jones (1946:142) +from Bannock County.</p> + +<p><i>Vireo huttoni huttoni</i> Cassin. Hutton Vireo. Very common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1413, Troy, Latah County, May 6, +1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Vireo solitarius cassinii</i> Xantus. Cassin Vireo. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has a +specimen taken 3 mi. W Payette Lake, Adams County.</p> + +<p><i>Vireo olivaceus</i> (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common resident. The +Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has a specimen of this vireo taken 4 mi. W +Meadow Creek, Idaho County.</p> + +<p><i>Vireo gilvus swainsonii</i> Baird. Western Warbling Vireo. Very common +resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 119, Moscow, Latah County, June 14, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Vermivora celata orestera</i> Oberholser. Rocky Mountain Orange-crowned +Warbler. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 204, Moscow, Latah County, +August 16, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi</i> van Rossem. Calaveras Warbler. +Burleigh (1923:662) states that this warbler is fairly common at +Clark's Fork, Bonner County, in July and August.</p> + +<p><i>Dendroica petechia morcomi</i> Coale. Rocky Mountain Yellow Warbler. Very +common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 175, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, +July 29, 1938.)</p> + +<p><i>Dendroica auduboni auduboni</i> (Townsend). Audubon Warbler. Common +resident. (D. A. 1555, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Dendroica nigrescens</i> (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Fairly +common in migration, and probably resident. The Museum of Vertebrate +Zoölogy has a specimen taken at Indian Creek, 12 mi. SE Riddle, Owyhee +County.</p> + +<p><i>Dendroica townsendi</i> (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Fairly common in +migration. Burleigh (1923:663) states that the bird is resident at +Clark's Fork, Bonner County.</p> + +<p><i>Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis</i> Ridgway. Grinnell Water-thrush. +Merrill (1897:349) records this bird from the State.</p> + +<p><i>Oporornis tolmiei</i> (Townsend). Macgillivray Warbler. Common resident. +(D. A. 1421, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Geothlypis trichas occidentalis</i> Brewster. Western Yellow-throat. +Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1863, 2 mi. W Boise, Ada +County, May 8, 1942.)</p> + +<p><i>Icteria virens auricollis</i> (Lichtenstein). Long-tailed Chat. Common +resident. (D. A. 1800, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, +June 28, 1941.)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Wilsonia pusilla pileolata</i> (Pallas). Northern Pileolated Warbler. +Burleigh (1923:663) records this bird as a common resident at Clark's +Fork, Bonner County; uncommon in southern Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Setophaga ruticilla</i> (Linnaeus). American Redstart. There are some +records of casual visitants in southern Idaho, and Burleigh (1923:663) +states that it is a summer resident at Clark's Fork, Bonner County.</p> + +<p><i>Passer domesticus</i> (Linnaeus). English Sparrow. This cosmopolitan bird +can be found wherever there is a human habitation.</p> + +<p><i>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</i> (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Resident in northern +Idaho. Burleigh (1923:655) states that the bird is resident at Clark's +Fork, Bonner County.</p> + +<p><i>Sturnella neglecta</i> Audubon. Western Meadowlark. Common resident. (D. +A. 1876, Boise, Ada County, May 12, 1943.)</p> + +<p><i>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</i> (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. +Common resident along the Snake River in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1628, +Hagerman, on Snake River, Gooding County, June 16, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Agelaius phoeniceus</i> (Linnaeus). Red-wing. Common resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>fortis</i> Ridgway. Thick-billed Red-wing. Resident in +southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1624, Hagerman on Snake River, +Gooding County, June 16, 1940.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>nevadensis</i> Grinnell. Nevada Red-wing. Resident in +southwestern and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1765, Star, Canyon +County, May 1, 1941.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Icterus bullockii bullockii</i> (Swainson). Bullock Oriole. Common +resident. (D. A. 1655, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Euphagus cyanocephalus</i> (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Common resident. +(D. A. 1894, nest and four eggs, Boise, Ada County, May 10, 1944.)</p> + +<p><i>Molothrus ater artemisiae</i> Grinnell. Nevada Cowbird. Fairly common +bird in the Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1460, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow, +Latah County, May 26, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Piranga ludoviciana</i> (Wilson). Western Tanager. Very common resident +in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1570, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah +County, May 19, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus</i> (Swainson). Rocky Mountain +Grosbeak. Resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 51 +Moscow Mountain, Latah County, May 30, 1937.)</p> + +<p><i>Passerina amoena</i> (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Very common resident in the +Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1802, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, +Boise County, June 28, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi</i> Grinnell. Western Evening Grosbeak. +Resident in the Transition Life-zone; large flocks of these birds are +commonly observed in winter. (D. A. 1527, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah +County, April 20, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Carpodacus cassinii</i> Baird. Cassin Purple Finch. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1822, Head Crooked River, Sawtooth +Range, Boise County, August 6, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Carpodacus mexicanus solitudinis</i> Moore. Desert House Finch. Common +resident. (D. A. 1889, Boise, Ada County, April 24, 1944.)</p> + +<p><i>Pinicola enucleator montana</i> Ridgway. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span> +Resident on the boreal summits of the mountains. (D. A. 1321, Moscow +Mountain, Latah County, January 26, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Leucosticte tephrocotis</i> Swainson. Rosy Finch. Resident in the boreal +zones; observed casually in winter. Various races of this species are +present in the State, but only the following two are here listed until +there is further clarification of the status of the other races of the +species.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>littoralis</i> Baird. Hepburn Rosy Finch. Winter visitant. +(D. A. 1347, 2 mi. N Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>tephrocotis</i> (Swainson). Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. +According to the 1931 A. O. U. Check-list, this subspecies +breeds in the State.</p></div> + +<p><i>Leucosticte atrata</i> Ridgway. Black Rosy Finch. Resident in the Salmon +Mountains. See A. O. U. Check-list (1931) for the range of this +species.</p> + +<p><i>Acanthis flammea flammea</i> (Linnaeus). Common Redpoll. Rust (1915:127) +lists this bird as a winter visitant in Kootenai County, and one +specimen was obtained in Bonner County. (D. A. 1334, 6 mi. S Coolin, +Bonner County, February 19, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Spinus pinus vagrans</i> Aldrich. Western Pine Siskin. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1857, Horseshoe Bend, Boise County, +December 10, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Spinus tristis pallidus</i> Mearns. Pale Goldfinch. Common resident. (D. +A. 1622, 4 mi. ESE Boise, Ada County, March 14, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Loxia curvirostra</i> Linnaeus. Red Crossbill. Uncommon resident in the +Canadian Life-zone.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>bendirei</i> Ridgway. Bendire Crossbill. Resident. (D. A. +1525, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, April 20, 1940.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>benti</i> Griscom. Bent Crossbill. Winter visitant. (Univ. +Idaho No. 94, Moscow, Latah County, December 5, 1937.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Loxia leucoptera leucoptera</i> Gmelin. White-winged Crossbill. Davis +(1935b:236) records this bird from the Minidoka Project on December 18, +1919, and Jewett (1912b:193) took one specimen in the Sawtooth +Mountains.</p> + +<p><i>Chlorura chlorura</i> (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Breeding +individuals of this species have been taken at the Minidoka Project by +Davis (1930:136).</p> + +<p><i>Pipilo maculatus</i> Swainson. Spotted Towhee. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>arcticus</i> (Swainson). Arctic Towhee. Resident in +northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 163, Coeur d'Alene, +Kootenai County, July 20, 1938.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>curtatus</i> Grinnell. Nevada Towhee. Resident in southern +Idaho. (D. A. 1804, Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise +County, July 4, 1941.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Calamospiza melanocorys</i> Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Davis (1935b:236) +records this species as erratic at the Minidoka Project, where he took +a specimen on May 29, 1921.</p> + +<p><i>Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis</i> Grinnell. Nevada Savannah +Sparrow. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 57, Moscow, Latah County, +September 25, 1937.)</p> + +<p><i>Pooecetes gramineus confinis</i> Baird. Western Vesper Sparrow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1391, Moscow, Latah County, April 16, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Chondestes grammacus strigatus</i> Swainson. Western Lark Sparrow. +Common<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span> resident. (D. A. 1579, 3 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, May 21, +1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Amphispiza belli nevadensis</i> (Ridgway). Northern Sage Sparrow. +Resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen in +Minidoka on May 19, 1921.</p> + +<p><i>Junco hyemalis cismontanus</i> Dwight. Slate-colored Junco. Fairly common +winter visitant with other juncos. See Miller (1941:329) for records of +these birds.</p> + +<p><i>Junco oreganus</i> Townsend. Oregon Junco. Common resident. See Miller +(1941:238) for ranges of the following subspecies.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>mearnsi</i> Ridgway. Pink-sided Junco. Resident in Custer +and Fremont counties.</p> + +<p>b. <i>montanus</i> Ridgway. Montana Junco. Resident in northern +and western Idaho.</p></div> + +<p><i>Junco caniceps caniceps</i> (Woodhouse). Gray-headed Junco. Miller +(1941:180) states that some hybridization occurs between this species +and <i>oreganus</i> in Bannock and Cassia counties. It is resident in +southeastern Idaho.</p> + +<p><i>Spizella arborea ochracea</i> Brewster. Western Tree Sparrow. Fairly +common resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1516, nest and +eggs, Moscow, Latah County, April 6, 1940.)</p> + +<p><i>Spizella passerina arizonae</i> Coues. Western Chipping Sparrow. Very +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1805, junction of +Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise County, July 4, 1941.)</p> + +<p><i>Spizella breweri breweri</i> Cassin. Brewer Sparrow. Resident in southern +Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) records the bird as a summer resident at the +Minidoka Project.</p> + +<p><i>Zonotrichia querula</i> Nuttall. Harris Sparrow. Wyman (1911a:267) +records this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter.</p> + +<p><i>Zonotrichia leucophrys</i> (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Common +resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>gambeli</i> (Nuttall). Gambel Sparrow. Migrant. (Univ. +Idaho No. 6, Moscow, Latah County, September 26, 1936.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>leucophrys</i> (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Resident +in the Hudsonian and Canadian zones. See A. O. U. Check-list +(1931) for range of this subspecies.</p></div> + +<p><i>Zonotrichia albicollis</i> (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Wyman +(1912b:247) reported this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter.</p> + +<p><i>Passerella iliaca schistacea</i> Baird. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. +Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone, and fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1365, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock +County, April 2, 1939.)</p> + +<p><i>Melospiza lincolnii alticola</i> (Miller and McCabe). Montane Lincoln +Sparrow. Resident in the boreal zones, and fairly common in migration. +See Miller and McCabe (1935:149) for range of this subspecies.</p> + +<p><i>Melospiza melodia</i> (Wilson). Song Sparrow. Common resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>a. <i>fallax</i> (Baird). Mountain Song Sparrow. Resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1839, Head Taylor Creek, Boise +County, August 7, 1941.)</p> + +<p>b. <i>merrilli</i> Brewster. Merrill Song Sparrow. Resident in +central and northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 103, Moscow, +Latah County, February 22, 1938.)</p></div> + +<p><i>Calcarius lapponicus alascensis</i> Ridgway. Alaska Longspur. Uncommon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span> +migrant. Merrill (1898:15) records one specimen of this species taken +at Fort Sherman on November 13, 1896.</p> + +<p><i>Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis</i> (Linnaeus). Eastern Snow Bunting. +Uncommon migrant. Rust (1915:127) records the bird as rare in migration +in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1898:15) states that it is irregular +in winter at Fort Sherman.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Aldrich, J. W.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1944. Notes on the races of the white-breasted nuthatch. +Auk, 61:592-604.</p> + +<p>1946a. New subspecies of birds from western North America. +Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 59:129-136.</p> + +<p>1946b. Speciation in the white-cheeked geese. Wilson Bull., +58:94-103.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Aldrich, J. W. and Friedmann, H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1943. A revision of the ruffed grouse. Condor, 45:85-103.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">American Ornithologists' Union Committee.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1931. Check-list of North American birds. Lancaster Press.</p> + +<p>1944. Nineteenth supplement to the American Ornithologists' +Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 61:441-464.</p> + +<p>1945. Twentieth supplement to the American Ornithologists' +Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 62:436-449.</p> + +<p>1946. Twenty-first supplement to the American +Ornithologists' Union check-list of North American birds. +Auk, 63:428-432.</p> + +<p>1947. Twenty-second supplement to the American +Ornithologists' Union check-list of North American birds. +Auk, 64:445-452.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Arvey, M. D.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1941. Black-billed cuckoo in Idaho. Condor, 43:291.</p> + +<p>1944. Eastern blue-jay in Idaho. Condor, 46:205.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Behle, W. H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1942. Distribution and variation of the horned larks +(<i>Otocoris alpestris</i>) of western North America. Univ. +California Publ. Zoöl., 46:205-316.</p> + +<p>1944. Check-list of the birds of Utah. Condor, 46:67-87.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bendire, C. E.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1877. Birds of southeastern Oregon. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. +Hist., 19:109-149.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bond, R. M.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1946. The peregrine population of western North America. +Condor, 48:101-116.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Brewster, W.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1896. Description of a new warbler and a new song sparrow. +Auk, 13:44-47.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Brodkorb, P.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1935a. Two new subspecies of the red-shafted flicker. Occ. +Pap. Mus. Zoöl., Univ. Michigan, 314:1-3.</p> + +<p>1935b. A new bird for Idaho. Auk, 52:312.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Burleigh, T. D.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1923. Notes on the breeding birds of Clark's Fork, Bonner +County, Idaho, Auk, 40:653-665.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Coole, H. K.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1915. The present status of the trumpeter swan (<i>Olor +buccinator</i>). Auk, 32:82-90.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Coues, E.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1892. Original description of Lewis's woodpecker. Auk, +9:394.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1923. On the avifauna of Minidoka County, and adjacent +territory. Murrelet, 4:3-4.</p> + +<p>1930. Meet <i>Oreospiza chlorura</i>. Oologist, 47:136.</p> + +<p>1934. Bird notes from Owyhee County, Idaho. Murrelet, +15:69-72.</p> + +<p>1935a. Noon-day feeding of the Pacific nighthawk. Condor, +37:176.</p> + +<p>1935b. An analysis of the bird population in the vicinity of +Rupert, Idaho. Condor, 37:233-238.</p> + +<p>1936. Broad-winged hawk in Idaho. Condor, 38:86.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B. and Stevenson, J.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1934. The type localities of three birds collected by Lewis +and Clark in 1806. Condor, 36:161-163.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Duvall, H. J.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1945. Distribution and taxonomy of the black-capped +chickadees of North America. Auk, 62:49-69.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Evendon, F. G., Jr., and Evendon, J. R.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1944. A house finch census at Mountain Home, Idaho. Condor, +46:209.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Grinnell, J.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1904. The origin and distribution of the chestnut-backed +chickadee. Auk, 21:364-382.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hand, R. L.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1933a. The hawk-owl in northern Idaho. Condor, 35:32.</p> + +<p>1933b. Summer occurrence of the goshawk in Idaho. Condor, +35:36.</p> + +<p>1935. A sight record of the red phalarope (<i>P. fulicans</i>) in +northern Idaho. Auk, 52:180-181.</p> + +<p>1938. Notes on some birds nesting in northern Idaho. Condor, +41:84.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hayward, C. L.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1934. Important heron rookeries in southeastern Idaho. Auk, +51:39-41.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hurley, J. B.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1926. Birds observed in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. +Murrelet, 7:35-36.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Jewett, S. G.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1912a. Western records of the catbird. Auk, 29:106.</p> + +<p>1912b. Some birds of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Condor, +14:191-194.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Jones, V. E.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1943. White-fronted goose in Idaho. Condor, 45:120.</p> + +<p>1946. The starling in Idaho. Condor, 48:142-143.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Kenagy, F.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1914. A change in fauna. Condor, 16:120-123.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Low, J. B.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1945. Clay bank has multiple use for wildlife. Condor, +47:132-133.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Low, J. B., and Nelson, M.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1945. Recent records of breeding waterfowl in Utah and +southern Idaho. Condor, 47:131-132.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Marshall, W. H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1940. An "Eagle Guard" developed in Idaho. Condor, 52:166.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">McCabe, T. T., and McCabe, E. B.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1933. Hermit thrushes of the northwestern states. Condor, +35:122-123.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Merriam, C. H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1891. Results of a biological reconnaisance of south-central +Idaho. N. Amer. Fauna, 5:1-108.</p> + +<p>1892. The dwarf screech owl (<i>Megascops flammeolus +idahoensis</i> Merriam). Auk, 9:169-171.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Merrill, J. C.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1897. Notes on the birds of Fort Sherman, Idaho. Auk, +14:347-357.</p> + +<p>1898. Notes on the birds of Fort Sherman, Idaho. Auk, +15:14-22.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Miller, A. H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1931. Systematic revision and natural history of the +American shrikes (<i>Lanius</i>). Univ. California Publ. Zoöl., +38:11-242.</p> + +<p>1933. The Canada jays of northern Idaho. Trans. San Diego +Soc. Nat. Hist., 7:287-296.</p> + +<p>1941. Speciation in the avian genus <i>Junco</i>. Univ. +California Publ. Zoöl., 44:173-434.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Miller, A. H. and McCabe, T. T.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1935. Racial differentiation in <i>Passerella (Melospiza) +lincolnii</i>. Condor, 37:144-160.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Moore, R. T.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1939. A review of the house finches of the subgenus Burrica. +Condor, 41:177-205.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Oberholser, H. C.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1918. Notes on the subspecies of <i>Numenius americanus</i> +Bechstein. Auk, 35:188-195.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Olson, A. C., Jr.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1943. Starling in northern Idaho. Condor, 45:197.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Palmer, R. H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1928. Relative abundance of bird species in southern Idaho, +Fresno County, California, and King County, Washington. +Murrelet, 9:28-38.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ridgway, R.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1901-1918. The birds of North and Middle America. U. S. Nat. +Mus. Bull. 50, pts. 1-8.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rust, H. J.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1913. Birds new to the vicinity of Lake Coeur d'Alene, +Kootenai County, Idaho. Condor, 15:41.</p> + +<p>1914. Some notes on the nesting of the sharp-shinned hawk. +Condor, 16:14-24.</p> + +<p>1915. An annotated list of the birds of Kootenai County, +Idaho. Condor, 17:118-129.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span></p> + +<p>1916. Additional notes on the birds of Kootenai County, +Idaho. Condor, 18:81-82.</p> + +<p>1917. An annotated list of the birds of Fremont County, +Idaho, as observed during the summer of 1916. Condor, +19:29-43.</p> + +<p>1919. A favorite nesting haunt of the Merrill song sparrow. +Condor, 21:145-153.</p> + +<p>1920. The home life of the western warbling vireo. Condor, +22:85-94.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Slipp, J. W.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1942. Franklin's gull in Idaho. Condor, 44:226-227.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sloanaker, J. L.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1925. Notes from Spokane. Condor, 27:73-74.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Snyder, J. O.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1900. Notes on a few species of Idaho and Washington birds. +Auk, 17:242-245.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stone, W.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1915. Type locality of Lewis's woodpecker and Clarke's +nutcracker. Auk, 32:371-372.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sugden, J. W.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1937. The status of the sandhill crane in Utah and southern +Idaho. Condor, 40:18-22.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Taverner, P. A.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1914. A new subspecies of <i>Dendragapus</i> (<i>Dendragapus +obscurus flemmingi</i>) from southern Yukon Territory. Auk, +31:385-388.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Taylor, W. P.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1918. Bohemian waxwing (<i>Bombycilla garrula</i>) breeding +within the United States. Auk, 35:226-227.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tracy, H. C.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1910. The bobolink in Idaho. Condor, 12:80.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">van Rossem, A. J.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1929. A northern race of the mountain chickadee. Auk, +45:104-105.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wyman, L. E.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1911a. Harris's sparrow (<i>Zonotrichia querula</i>) in southern +Idaho. Auk, 28:267-268.</p> + +<p>1911b. The bobolink again in Idaho. Condor, 13:75.</p> + +<p>1911c. The catbird in southern Idaho. Condor, 13:108.</p> + +<p>1912a. Bobolink again in Idaho. Condor, 14:41.</p> + +<p>1912b. White-throated sparrow in Idaho. Auk, 29:247.</p> + +<p>1912c. <i>Oreortyx</i> in Idaho. Auk, 29:538-539.</p></div> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Transmitted February 12, 1947.</i><br /> +<br />21-6960</p> + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho, by +M. Dale Arvey + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF IDAHO *** + +***** This file should be named 35968-h.htm or 35968-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/5/9/6/35968/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho + +Author: M. Dale Arvey + +Editor: E. Raymond Hall + H. H. Lane + Edward H. Taylor + +Release Date: April 26, 2011 [EBook #35968] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF IDAHO *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho + +BY + +M. DALE ARVEY + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216 +November 29, 1947 + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1947 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, Edward H. Taylor + +Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216 +Published November 29, 1947 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1947 + +21-6960 + + + + +A Check-list of the Birds of Idaho + +By + +M. DALE ARVEY + + +There is comparatively little literature dealing with the avifauna of +Idaho, mostly because relatively few persons have done field work in +the state. In the ornithological literature, there is nothing even +comparable to a "state list," so that when birds supposedly unreported +previously from Idaho are found, it is difficult to know whether or not +they should be recorded as "new" to the state. The present paper has +been prepared in the hope that it will stimulate additions to, and +corrections of, the list. It is, admittedly, a beginning. + +Material for the present article was obtained from personal collecting +in the five years and ten months in which I resided in the state +(October, 1938-September, 1944). Also, the published reports that could +be found have been drawn upon; these publications are listed in the +appended bibliography. Taxonomic problems, of which many are unsolved, +are not here considered, since this is merely a list indicating whether +or not the species or subspecies, as now understood, is known to be +present, whether it is common, and where it might be found. + +The nomenclature is that of the Fourth Edition of the American +Ornithologists' Union Check-list and its supplements, except where a +revision has been made that is seemingly valid but which has not yet +been acted upon by the A. O. U. Committee. For each species or +subspecies the objective is to give at least one reference to +occurrence, as to date and place, as accurately as possible. + +Reference is made to southern, central, and northern Idaho. These +references denote the Snake River Plains, characterized by sagebrush +desert; the wooded regions immediately to the north of this and in the +foothills, extending to Idaho County in the west; and the so-called +Panhandle, respectively. In all, 292 kinds of birds are recorded in the +following list. + + + + +LIST OF SPECIES + + +_Gavia immer elasson_ Bishop. Lesser Loon. Uncommon resident in the +lakes of northern Idaho, and generally distributed. Merrill (1897:350) +states that the species is common and resident at Fort Sherman. + +_Gavia stellata_ (Pontopiddan). Red-throated Loon. Davis (1935b:234) +records specimens taken in migration in Minidoka County at the +Minidoka Irrigation Project, and Rust (1915:121) states that this +species is rare in Kootenai County. + +_Colymbus grisegena holboellii_ (Reinhardt). Holboell Grebe. Merrill +(1897:349) records this species as common in migration at Fort Sherman. + +_Colymbus auritus_ Linnaeus. Horned Grebe. Uncommon resident. Davis +(1935b:234) records the bird as a summer visitant at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Colymbus nigricollis californicus_ (Heermann). Eared Grebe. Fairly +common resident along rivers and in lakes. Rust (1915:121) records one +specimen taken on Lake Coeur d'Alene in October, 1912. + +_Aechmophorus occidentalis_ (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Uncommon +resident. Merrill (1897:349) records one specimen from Fort Sherman. + +_Podilymbus podiceps podiceps_ (Linnaeus). Pied-billed Grebe. Common +resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that it is common at Fort Sherman +in the spring and autumn. + +_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin. White Pelican. Resident along the +Snake River; large nesting colonies are to be found in Bear Lake +County. See Davis (1935b:234) for nesting dates. + +_Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus_ Ridgway. Farallon Cormorant. Davis +(1935b:234) records this bird in the Minidoka Project as a regular +migrant and gives dates of occurrence. The resident population at the +Bear Lake Refuge has been reported as subspecies _auritus_ by Behle +(1944:68), but probably is _albociliatus_. + +_Ardea herodias treganzai_ Court. Treganza Great Blue Heron. Common +resident in suitable localities. (Dale Arvey 1505, 7 mi. NE Moscow, +Latah County, Idaho, February 19, 1940.) + +_Leucophoyx thula brewsteri_ (Thayer and Bangs). Brewster Egret. Davis +(1935b:234) records one specimen from the Minidoka Project, taken on +September 16, 1919, and Hayward (1934:39) reports the species as +breeding at Bear Lake Valley in Bear Lake County. + +_Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli_ (Gmelin). Black-crowned Night Heron. +Common locally. Hayward (1934:39) reports the bird as resident in Bear +Lake Valley. + +_Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Montagu). American Bittern. Fairly common +resident in suitable localities. Merrill (1897:351) records the +American Bittern as rather common at Fort Sherman. + +_Plegadis mexicana_ (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Vagrant. +Recorded as common at the Minidoka Project by Kenagy (1914:122). + +_Cygnus columbianus_ (Ord). Whistling Swan. Resident in the winter in +the larger lakes, and transient along the Snake River. (D. A. 1783, 1 +mi. S Hagerman, Gooding County, February 1, 1940.) + +_Cygnus buccinator_ Richardson. Trumpeter Swan. Merriam (1891:91) +states that Bendire found this swan breeding on Henry Lake in 1877, and +that two were collected in August of that year. Rust (1915:123) records +the species as a rare fall migrant on Lake Coeur d'Alene. There are no +recent records. + +_Branta canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Canada Goose. Fairly common resident. +See Aldrich (1946b) for records of each subspecies. + + a. _moffitti_ Aldrich. Great Basin Canada Goose. This is the + resident race. + + b. _occidentalis_ (Baird). White-cheeked Goose. Migrant. + + c. _leucopareia_ (Brandt). Lesser Canada Goose. Migrant. + +_Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii_ (Richardson). Hutchins Cackling Goose. +Migrant. See Aldrich (1946b) for the status of this goose. + +_Branta bernicla nigricans_ (Lawrence). Black Brant. Davis (1935b:234) +records this species as a regular migrant in Minidoka County, and +indicates that some remain all winter. + +_Anser albifrons albifrons_ (Scopoli). White-fronted Goose. Uncommon +migrant. Jones (1943:120) records a specimen from "about 10 mi. north +Pocatello, Bingham County." + +_Chen hyperborea hyperborea_ (Pallas). Lesser Snow Goose. Fairly common +transient along the Snake River. Two specimens are in the State Game +Department's mounted collection from the Snake River, probably from +near Payette, Payette County. + +_Chen rossi_ (Cassin). Ross Goose. Transient along the Snake River. The +Game Department collection has two mounted skins from "along the Snake +River." + +_Anas platyryhnchos platyryhnchos_ Linnaeus. Mallard. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1753, Boise River, 1 mi. S Middleton, Canyon County, +November 24, 1940.) + +_Anas acuta tzitzihoa_ (Vieillot). American Pintail. Resident and +common during migration. (D. A. 1752, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, +Elmore County, November 16, 1940.) + +_Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common resident. (D. A. +1261, Thorn Creek, 7 mi. S Moscow, Latah County, October 30, 1938.) + +_Anas discors_ Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Rare resident. Merriam +(1891:90) records two shot on Saw Tooth Lake (=Alturas Lake, Blaine +County), about October 1. + +_Anas cyanoptera_ Vieillot. Cinnamon Teal. Uncommon resident. I +observed a female with four young in Bellevue, Blaine County, in July, +1942, and Merrill (1897:350) records a female with young on June 11 at +Fort Sherman. + +_Anas strepera_ Linnaeus. Gadwall. Resident locally; fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1310, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County, +January 2, 1939.) + +_Mareca americana_ (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common during migration, and +resident along the Snake River. (D. A. 1747, 1 mi. W Bowman Ranch on +Boise River, Canyon County, October 26, 1940.) + +_Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common in migration, and +breeds locally. (D. A. 1492, Wallace, Shoshone County, October 22, +1939.) + +_Aix sponsa_ (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Fairly common in migration, and +resident locally. Merrill (1897:350) records it as a summer resident at +Fort Sherman. + +_Aythya americana_ (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common migrant. Recorded by +Merrill (1897:350) at Fort Sherman. + +_Aythya collaris_ (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Uncommon transient. +Merrill (1897:350) records it at Fort Sherman. + +_Aythya valisineria_ (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common in migration, +and recorded by Low and Nelson (1945:131) as breeding in Bonneville and +Caribou counties. + +_Aythya marila_ (Linnaeus). Greater Scaup Duck. Fairly common migrant. +Davis (1935b:236) records one bird from the Minidoka Project taken on +March 28, 1920. + +_Aythya affinis_ (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common during migration. +Davis (1935b:235) lists this bird as a regular winter visitant in +Minidoka County from October 30 to May 31. + +_Glaucionetta clangula americana_ (Bonaparte). American Golden-eye. +Common resident. (D. A. 1476, Bellevue, Blaine County, June 28, 1939.) + +_Glaucionetta islandica_ (Gmelin). Barrow Golden-eye. Uncommon +transient. Davis (1935b:234) records one specimen taken at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Glaucionetta albeola_ (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Common migrant. (D. A. +1852, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, Elmore County, November 15, 1941.) + +_Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus_ Brooks. Western Harlequin Duck. +Uncommon. Rust (1915:122) records one specimen taken on the marshes of +the St. Joseph River in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1897:350) states +that it is occasionally taken on the St. Joseph and Coeur d'Alene +rivers. + +_Melanitta fusca_ subsp.?. White-winged Scoter. Rust (1915:122) records +this bird as common on Lake Coeur d'Alene in the winter of 1913. + +_Melanitta perspicillata_ (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rust (1915:122) +states that this is a rare fall migrant in Kootenai County. + +_Oxyura jamaicensis rubida_ (Wilson). Ruddy Duck. Common migrant on the +Snake River. Merrill (1897:350) records this duck as "not uncommon in +the spring and autumn" at Fort Sherman. + +_Lophodytes cucullatus_ (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Common resident +in suitable localities. (D. A. 1389, Lewiston, Nezperce County, April +2, 1939.) + +_Mergus merganser americanus_ Cassin. American Merganser. Common +resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that the bird is common in fall and +winter at Fort Sherman. + +_Mergus serrator_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon. Merrill +(1897:350) records one specimen taken "near Fort Sherman." + +_Cathartes aura teter_ Friedmann. Western Turkey Vulture. Common +resident in southern Idaho, and transient elsewhere. Merrill (1897:352) +records it as a summer resident at Fort Sherman. + +_Accipiter gentilis striatulus_ (Ridgway). Western Goshawk. Fairly +common migrant, and possibly resident. Hand (1933b:36) reports it as +resident in northern Idaho. (D. A. 1317, 1318, Nezperce, Lewis County, +January 9 and 12, 1939.) + +_Accipiter striatus velox_ (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1296, 4-1/2 mi. NE Genessee, Latah County, November +27, 1938.) + +_Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Common resident in the +forests. (D. A. 1450, Sandpoint, Bonner County, May 24, 1939.) + +_Buteo jamaicensis calurus_ Cassin. Western Red-tailed Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1352, Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.) + +_Buteo platypterus platypterus_ (Vieillot). Broad-winged Hawk. Davis +(1936:86) records one specimen of this hawk taken on May 23, 1935, at +Castle Creek, 8 mi. S Oreana, Owyhee County. + +_Buteo swainsoni_ Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Common resident. (D. A. +1451, Moscow, Latah County, May 21, 1939.) + +_Buteo lagopus s. johannis_ (Gmelin). American Rough-legged Hawk. +Common migrant and possibly resident. (D. A. 1301, 11 mi. SE Genessee, +Nezperce County, November 27, 1938.) + +_Buteo regalis_ (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Uncommon migrant. (D. A. +1326, 4 mi. N Minidoka Power Plant, Minidoka County, January 27, 1939.) + +_Aquila chrysaetos canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Golden Eagle. Uncommon +resident. Merrill (1897:353) stated that the species occurred +"sparingly" at Fort Sherman. + +_Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis_ (Audubon). Northern Bald +Eagle. Uncommon resident in northern Idaho, Merrill (1897:353) stated +that a few pairs bred about Lake Coeur d'Alene. + +_Circus cyaneus hudsonius_ (Linnaeus). Marsh Hawk. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1371, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County, +April 1, 1939.) + +_Pandion haliaetus carolinensis_ (Gmelin). Osprey. Uncommon resident. +Merrill (1897:353) reported the bird as frequent in the summer at Fort +Sherman. + +_Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Fairly common resident. (D. +A. 1319, American Falls, Bingham County, January 16, 1939.) + +_Falco peregrinus anatum_ Bonaparte. Duck Hawk. Uncommon resident. Bond +(1946:104) lists this bird as a rare breeder in Idaho. + +_Falco columbarius bendirei_ Swann. Western Pigeon Hawk. Rust +(1915:124) records one specimen from Coeur d'Alene as subspecies +_columbarius_; although the skin has not been checked by me, it would +seem to be more likely of subspecies _bendirei_, corresponding to +others taken in northern Idaho. + +_Falco sparverius sparverius_ Linnaeus. Eastern Sparrow Hawk. Common +resident. (D. A. 1267, Little Bear Ridge, 5 mi. SW Troy, Latah County, +November 2, 1939.) + +_Dendragapus obscurus_ (Say). Blue Grouse. Common resident. + + a. _obscurus_ (Say). Dusky Grouse. Specimens from + southeastern Idaho are referable to this race. + + b. _richardsonii_ (Douglas). Richardson Grouse. This is the + resident race of southwestern Idaho north to Idaho County, + where intergradation occurs with the next form. (D. A. 1431, + 1432, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, May 14, 1939.) + + c. _pallidus_ Swarth. Oregon Dusky Grouse. Birds in the + northern portion of the state are of this race. + +_Canachites franklinii_ (Douglas). Franklin Grouse. Uncommon resident. +I have observed the birds in the Selway National Forest, in Idaho +County, and specimens have been taken in Bonner County. (D. A. 1336, +1337, 6 mi. S Coolin, Bonner County, February 19, 1939.) + +_Bonasa umbellus_ (Linnaeus). Ruffed Grouse. Common resident. See +Aldrich and Friedman (1943) for ranges of the following races. + + a. _phaia_ Aldrich and Friedmann. Idaho Ruffed Grouse. This + is the race resident in southwestern Idaho, and it + intergrades with the two following forms. + + b. _umbelloides_ (Douglas). Gray Ruffed Grouse. Resident in + northern Idaho. + + c. _incanus_ Aldrich and Friedmann. Hoary Ruffed Grouse. + Resident in southeastern Idaho. + +_Lagopus leucurus altipetens_ Osgood. Southern White-tailed Ptarmigan. +Several specimens of this bird are mounted in a collection in Idaho +City, having been collected "in the vicinity." + +_Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus_ (Ord). Columbian Sharp-tailed +Grouse. One specimen was sent me from Bonner County, where the species +was said to be fairly abundant. (D. A. 1513, 15 mi. N Priest River, +Bonner County, April 1, 1940.) + +_Centrocercus urophasianus_ (Bonaparte). Sage Grouse. Common locally. +Previously numerous, and now recovering from a severe decline in +numbers. Merriam (1891:93) speaks of using these birds for fresh meat +during much of his trip. + +_Perdix perdix perdix_ (Linnaeus). European Partridge. Common since its +introduction. + +_Colinus virginianus texanus_ (Lawrence). Texas Bob-white. Common +resident in southern Idaho. Merriam (1891:92) states that the birds +were first introduced at Boise, Ada County. + +_Lophortyx californica brunnescens_ Ridgway. California Quail. +Introduced into southern Idaho; not numerous but establishing itself in +the foothills. + +_Oreortyx picta picta_ (Douglas). Plumed Quail. Common resident. Wyman +(1912c:538) states that this species was not present in Idaho prior to +about 1900, having at that time extended its range from Oregon. + +_Phasianus colchicus_ Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Common resident +since its introduction; there is considerable admixture of races in the +stock. + +_Grus canadensis tabida_ (Peters). Sandhill Crane. Uncommon resident. +Merriam (1891:91) reports the bird breeding near Fort Lapwai, Nezperce +County, in June 1871, and Davis (1935b:234) states that it is a regular +migrant at the Minidoka Project. + +_Rallus limicola limicola_ Vieillot. Virginia Rail. Davis (1923) states +that this rail is uncommon at the Minidoka Project, but that it was +abundant in earlier years. + +_Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus). Sora. Uncommon resident. Merriam +(1891:91) recorded this species from Big Lost River, "about 8 mi. above +Arco," Butte County, on July 26. + +_Fulica americana_ Gmelin. American Coot. Common resident. (D. A. 1745, +Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.) + +_Charadrius vociferus vociferus_ Linnaeus. Killdeer. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. Rust (1915:123) records the earliest arrival +date for the bird in Kootenai County as March 9, 1913, and says that it +leaves by September 1. + +_Pluvialis dominica fulva_ (Gmelin). Pacific Golden Plover. Sloanaker +(1925:73) records one specimen of this bird, shot from a flock of four +near Coeur d'Alene on Lake Chactolet on October 1, 1923. + +_Squatarola squatarola_ (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Rust +(1915:123) records one specimen of this bird taken on the St. Joseph +marshes, Kootenai County. + +_Capella gallinago delicata_ (Ord). Wilson Snipe. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1739, Boise River, 3 mi. W Boise, Ada County, October +17, 1940.) + +_Numenius americanus_ Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Uncommon resident. +See Oberholser (1918) for ranges of the following subspecies. + + a. _americanus_ Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Resident in + southern Idaho. + + b. _parvus_ Bishop. Northern Curlew. The resident population + in northern Idaho is referable to this subspecies. + +_Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common resident in +the Canadian Life-zone. (D. A. 1807, junction of Simmon's Cr. and Boise +River, Boise County, July 5, 1941.) + +_Tringa solitaria cinnamomea_ (Brewster). Western Solitary Sandpiper. +Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen on April 9, 1920 at the Minidoka +Project, and records the bird as erratic in occurrence. + +_Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus_ (Brewster). Western Willet. +Davis (1935b:235) records this bird as a summer visitant at the +Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence there. + +_Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Davis (1935b:234) +records this bird at the Minidoka Project in migration. + +_Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1742, Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.) + +_Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Merrill (1897:351) +records this bird as common in 1896 from August to October at Fort +Sherman, and a number of specimens were taken. + +_Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Fairly common migrant. +Davis (1935b:234) gives dates of migration of this bird at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus_ (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Merrill +(1897:351) collected five specimens on September 12 on the St. Joseph +marshes. + +_Micropalama himantopus_ (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Davis +(1935b:234) collected one bird at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919, +and stated that the species was erratic in occurrence. + +_Ereunetes mauri_ Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Rust (1917:32) recorded +this bird on August 27 near Spencer, Fremont County, and also at Henry +Lake. + +_Limosa fedoa_ (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) records +one specimen taken on August 1, 1920, at the Minidoka Project. + +_Limosa haemastica_ (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) +records one bird taken at the Minidoka Project on July 7, 1919. + +_Crocethia alba_ (Pallas). Sanderling. Davis (1935b:236) records this +bird from the Minidoka Project in migration, and he took one specimen +on May 19, 1921. + +_Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon resident in southern +Idaho. (D. A. 1631, Snake River at Hagerman, Gooding County, June 16, +1940.) + +_Himantopus mexicanus_ (Mueller). Black-necked Stilt. Davis (1935b:235) +records this bird from Minidoka as a summer visitant, and gives dates +of its occurrence. + +_Phalaropus fulicarius_ (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Hand (1935:180) +reports one bird of this species in October on the St. Joseph River at +St. Maries, Benewah County. + +_Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Uncommon. Davis +(1935b:236) took one specimen at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919. + +_Lobipes lobatus_ (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Uncommon resident. +Davis (1935b:236) reports the species as erratic at the Minidoka +Project, where he took one specimen on May 13, 1919. + +_Stercorarius pomarinus_ (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Davis (1935b:236) +took one bird "on the Snake River," on September 4, 1919. + +_Larus argentatus thayeri_ Brooks. Thayer Gull. Merrill (1897:350) +records several birds of this species taken in the fall and winter on +Lake Coeur d'Alene. + +_Larus californicus_ Lawrence. California Gull. Common in the winter, +and possibly breeds along the Snake River. Davis (1935b:235) records +this bird as a common summer visitant at the Minidoka Project. + +_Larus delawarensis_ Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Uncommon straggler. Merrill +(1897:350) records it in the winter at Fort Sherman. + +_Larus pipixcan_ Wagler. Franklin Gull. Late winter and spring +straggler. See Slipp (1942). + +_Larus philadelphia_ (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. This gull is recorded by +Merrill (1897:350) as taken at Fort Sherman in November. + +_Sterna forsteri_ Nuttall. Forster Tern. Davis (1935b:235) lists this +bird as a summer visitant in Minidoka County, and gives dates of its +occurrence there. + +_Sterna hirundo hirundo_ Linnaeus. Common Tern. Rust (1915:121) states +that this tern is rare in Kootenai County. + +_Hydroprogne caspia_ (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Common during migration. +Davis (1935b:234) records the species as common in migration at the +Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence. + +_Chlidonias nigra surinamensis_ (Gmelin). Black Tern. Fairly common on +lakes; evidently resident. Rust (1915:121) records this bird as common +in June, 1914, on the St. Joseph Marshes. + +_Columba fasciata fasciata_ Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. Rare at present. +Merrill (1897:349) states that Cooper listed this bird in what is now +Idaho. + +_Zenaidura macroura marginella_ (Woodhouse). Western Mourning Dove. +Common summer resident, frequently remaining in winter. Rust (1915:123) +lists the bird as a fairly common summer resident in Kootenai County. + +_Ectopistes migratorius_ (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. Merrill +(1897:349) states that Cooper listed this species from Montana and from +what is now Idaho. + +_Coccyzus americanus occidentalis_ Ridgway. California Cuckoo. This +bird was reported by Davis (1935b:236), as taken May 16, 1918 at the +Minidoka Project, and he says that nests have been taken near Rupert by +Kenagy. + +_Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. One breeding +bird of this species was reported by Arvey (1941:291), taken at Slide +Gulch on the Boise River, Boise County, on July 10, 1941. Since this +time I have observed the bird twice in Boise, Ada County, in the +summer. + +_Tyto alba pratincola_ (Bonaparte). Barn Owl. Uncommon resident. One +specimen in the University of Idaho collection of mounted birds was +taken near Moscow, Latah County. + +_Otus asio_ (Linnaeus). Screech Owl. Common resident. + + a. _macfarlanei_ (Brewster). MacFarlane Screech Owl. + Resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1861, Boise, Ada County, + April 11, 1942.) + + b. _brewsteri_ Ridgway. Brewster Screech Owl. Resident in + northern Idaho. (D. A. 1312, Lapwai, Nezperce County, + December 25, 1938.) + +_Otus flammeolus flammeolus_ (Kaup). Flammulated Screech Owl. Rare +resident. Specimens have been taken in two localities. Merriam +(1891:96) took one specimen on the west side of Big Wood River, "only a +few miles north of Ketchum, September 22," 1890. The record from Blaine +County and the one of Rust (1915:125), near Fernan Lake, September 28, +1914, are the only two positive records of this species to my +knowledge. + +_Bubo virginianus_ (Gmelin). Great Horned Owl. Common resident. See A. +O. U. Check-list (1931). + + a. _wapacuthu_ (Gmelin). Arctic Horned Owl. Migrant. + + b. _occidentalis_ Stone. Montana Horned Owl. Resident in + central and southeastern Idaho. + + c. _lagophonus_ (Oberholser). Northwestern Horned Owl. + Resident in western and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1486, 10 mi. + SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, 1939.) + +_Nyctea scandiaca_ (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Casual migrant. Merrill +(1897:352) stated that there was an invasion of owls of this species in +the winter of 1896-'97, and many were observed during that time at Fort +Sherman. + +_Surnia ulula caparoch_ (Mueller). American Hawk Owl. Uncommon. Hand +(1933a:32) reports one specimen of this owl taken at Stanley Butte, 10 +mi. S Lochsa River, Idaho County, on November 3, 1925, and mentions one +other observed in the summer. He suggests that the bird breeds in +northern Idaho. + +_Glaucidium gnoma californicum_ Sclater. California Pygmy Owl. Fairly +common resident in the Canadian Life-zone. Specimens seem referable to +subspecies _pinicola_, recently synonymized by the A. O. U. Committee. +(D. A. 1311, Priest River, Bonner County, January 3, 1939.) + +_Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea_ (Bonaparte). Western Burrowing Owl. +Fairly common local resident. (D. A. 1388, 10 mi. W Boise, Ada County, +April 2, 1939.) + +_Strix nebulosa nebulosa_ Forster. Great Gray Owl. Vagrant. A specimen, +D. A. 1303, taken on December 8, 1938, was sent me from 9 mi. NE +Grangeville, Idaho County, December 8, 1938. + +_Asio otus wilsonianus_ (Lesson). Long-eared Owl. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1532, 5 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, April 29, 1940.) + +_Asio flammeus flammeus_ (Pontoppidan). Short-eared Owl. Very common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1346, 2 mi. S Moscow, +Latah County, March 7, 1939.) + +_Aegolius funereus_ richardsoni (Bonaparte). Richardson Owl. Rust +(1915:125) records this bird as a rare winter visitor in Kootenai +County, and Merrill (1897:353) lists two specimens taken "early in the +spring of 1894 ... about seven miles from the fort." + +_Aegolius acadicus acadicus_ (Gmelin). Saw-whet Owl. Rare. Davis +(1935b:235) says that this is a regular winter visitor at the Minidoka +Project, and Merrill (1897:353) lists one specimen taken at Fort +Sherman, on January 19. + +_Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii_ (Audubon). Nuttall Poorwill. +Uncommon resident. Merriam (1891:98) records this species from "the +lava beds west of Blackfoot" on July 17, 1872. + +_Chordeiles minor hesperis_ Grinnell. Pacific Nighthawk. Common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1468, 2 mi. S Hailey, on +Wood River, Blaine County, June 25, 1939.) + +_Chaetura vauxi vauxi_ (Townsend). Vaux Swift. Merrill (1897:354) +reports this bird as resident at Fort Sherman, as does Burleigh +(1923:658) at Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Aeronautes saxatalis saxatalis_ (Woodhouse). White-throated Swift. +Fairly common resident in suitable localities. The Museum of Vertebrate +Zoology has one specimen of this bird taken on Salmon Creek, 8 mi. W +Rogerson, Twin Falls County. + +_Archilochus alexandri_ (Boucier and Mulsant). Black-chinned +Hummingbird. Rust (1915:125) records this species as resident in +Kootenai County. + +_Selasphorus platycercus platycercus_ (Swainson). Broad-tailed +Hummingbird. Common resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) +states that the bird is of erratic occurrence at the Minidoka Project. + +_Selasphorus rufus_ (Gmelin). Rufous Hummingbird. Fairly common +resident. Merrill (1897:355) states that this species is common in +spring at Fort Sherman. + +_Stellula calliope_ (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. Common resident. (D. +A. 1541, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 10, 1940.) + +_Megaceryle alcyon caurina_ (Grinnell). Western Belted Kingfisher. +Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1518, 7 mi. NE Moscow, +Latah County, April 19, 1940.) + +_Colaptes cafer_ (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident. + + a. _collaris_ Vigors. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in + southwestern and northern Idaho. Many specimens show yellow + remiges and rectrices, and are perhaps hybrids with the + species _auratus_. (D. A. 1731, Owl Creek, in Blaine County, + September 8, 1940.) + + b. _canescens_ Brodkorb. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in + southeastern Idaho. See Brodkorb (1935a:1). + +_Hylatomus pileatus picinus_ (Bangs). Western Pileated Woodpecker. +Fairly common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1498, 10 mi. +NE Moscow, Latah County, November 18, 1939.) + +_Asyndesmus lewis_ Gray. Lewis Woodpecker. Common resident. Merrill +(1897:354) records this bird as common "around Fort Sherman." + +_Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis_ Baird. Red-naped Sapsucker. Fairly common +resident. (D. A. 1485, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, +1939.) + +_Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus_ (Cassin). Williamson Sapsucker. +Uncommon resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology has one specimen +taken on the W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch Mountains, Bear +Lake County. + +_Dendrocopos villosus monticola_ Anthony. Rocky Mountain Hairy +Woodpecker. Common resident. (D. A. 1662, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho +County, July 1, 1940.) + +_Dendrocopos pubescens leucurus_ (Hartlaub). Batchelder Woodpecker. +Common resident. (D. A. 1495, Potlatch, Latah County, November 3, +1939.) + +_Dendrocopos albolarvatus albolarvatus_ (Cassin). Northern White-headed +Woodpecker. Uncommon resident. (D. A. 1434, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho +County, May 14, 1939.) + +_Picoides arcticus_ (Swainson). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Uncommon +resident in northern Idaho. Merrill (1897:354) reports these birds as +resident at Fort Sherman. + +_Picoides tridactylus_ (Linnaeus). Uncommon resident. + + a. _dorsalis_ Baird. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident + in southern Idaho; the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology has + specimens taken at W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch + Mountains, Bear Lake County. + + b. _fasciatus_ Baird. Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident + in northern Idaho. There are specimens in the Museum of + Vertebrate Zoology taken at Coolin, Priest Lake, Kootenai + County. + +_Tyrannus tyrannus_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common resident in +northern Idaho; casual in southern portion. (Univ. Idaho, No. 39, +Moscow, Latah County, May 19, 1937.) + +_Tyrannus verticalis_ Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Common resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1794, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, June +15, 1941.) + +_Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens_ (Lawrence). Ash-throated +Flycatcher. Uncommon resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1837, Head +Taylor Creek, Boise National Forest, Boise County, August 7, 1941.) + +_Sayornis saya saya_ (Bonaparte). Say Phoebe. Fairly common resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1720, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County.) + +_Empidonax traillii brewsteri_ Oberholser. Little Flycatcher. Fairly +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 121, +Moscow Mountain, Latah County, June 15, 1938.) + +_Empidonax hammondii_ (Xantus). Hammond Flycatcher. Uncommon resident +in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 62, Avery, Latah County, +July 10, 1937.) + +_Empidonax wrightii_ Baird. Wright Flycatcher. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1560, Robinson's Lake, 10 mi. E Moscow, +Latah County, May 16, 1940.) + +_Empidonax griseus_ Brewster. Gray Flycatcher. Davis (1934) records one +specimen of this species taken June 3, 1934, at Riddle, Owyhee County. + +_Contopus richardsonii richardsonii_ (Swainson). Western Wood Pewee. +Common resident. (D. A. 1617, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, June 5, +1940.) + +_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon +resident. (D. A. 1786, Idaho City, Boise County, May 23, 1941.) + +_Eremophila alpestris_ (Linnaeus). Horned Lark. Common resident. See +Behle (1942) for ranges of the following races. + + a. _lamprochroma_ Oberholser. Oregon Horned Lark. + Southwestern Idaho, and intergrading with the next two + races. + + b. _utahensis_ Behle. Great Salt Lake Horned Lark. Resident + in central and southeastern Idaho. + + c. _merrilli_ Dwight. Dusky Horned Lark. Northern Idaho. + +_Tachycineta thalassina lepida_ Mearns. Violet-green Swallow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1654, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.) + +_Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Fairly common resident. +Burleigh (1923:655) records the birds at Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Riparia riparia riparia_ (Linnaeus). Bank Swallow. Fairly common +resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1453, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow, +Latah County, May 26, 1939.) + +_Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis_ (Audubon). Rough-winged +Swallow. Low (1945:132) records a colony of these birds and Bank +Swallows nesting together at Gray's Lake, in Caribou County. + +_Hirundo rustica erythrogaster_ Boddaert. Barn Swallow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1420, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.) + +_Petrochelidon pyrronota albifrons_ (Rafinesque). Northern Cliff +Swallow. Common resident. (D. A. 1415, Troy, Latah County, May 6, +1939.) + +_Perisoreus canadensis bicolor_ A. H. Miller. Idaho Jay. Common +resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1344, Blue Creek, 8 mi. +NE Priest Lake, Bonner County, March 5, 1939.) + +_Cyanocitta stelleri annectens_ (Baird). Black-headed Jay. Common +resident. (D. A. 1257, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, October 25, +1938.) + +_Aphelocoma coerulescens woodhousei_ (Baird). Woodhouse Jay. Uncommon +resident in southern Idaho. The A. O. U. Check-list records this +species from southern Idaho; it is resident in the pinon-juniper +association. + +_Pica pica hudsonia_ (Sabine). American Magpie. Common resident. (D. A. +1782, Star, Canyon County, May 1, 1940.) + +_Corvus corax sinuatus_ Wagler. American Raven. Common resident in +southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a regular winter +visitant at the Minidoka Project. + +_Corvus brachyrynchos hesperis_ Ridgway. Western Crow. Common resident. +Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a winter visitant at the Minidoka +Project. + +_Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus_ Wied. Pinon Jay. Resident locally in +pinon-juniper association. Davis (1935b:235) states that this is a +regular winter visitant in Minidoka County. + +_Nucifraga columbiana_ (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Common resident of +forested areas of central and northern Idaho. See Burleigh (1923:655). + +_Parus atricapillus_ Linnaeus. Black-capped Chickadee. Very common +resident. See Duvall (1945) for ranges of the following races. + + a. _septentrionalis_ Harris. Long-tailed Chickadee. Resident + in eastern Idaho; intergrades with the next two races. + + b. _nevadensis_ (Linsdale). Pallid Black-capped Chickadee. + Resident in southwestern and south-central Idaho. + + c. _fortuitus_ (Davison and Bowles). Columbian Black-capped + Chickadee. Resident in northern and central Idaho. + +_Parus gambeli_ Ridgway. Mountain Chickadee. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. + + a. _grinnelli_ (van Rossem). Grinnell Chickadee. Resident in + central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1508, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, + Latah County, March 18, 1940.) + + b. _inyoensis_ (Grinnell). Inyo Chickadee. Resident in + southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1361, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW + Pocatello, Power County, April 1, 1939.) + +_Parus rufescens rufescens_ Townsend. Chestnut-backed Chickadee. +Resident in central and northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) records the +bird from Fernan Lake, Kootenai County. + +_Parus inornatus griseus_ (Ridgway). Gray Titmouse. Fairly common +resident in southeastern Idaho in the pinon-juniper association. (D. A. +1366, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock County, April 2, +1939.) + +_Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus_ (Baird). Lead-colored Bush-tit. +Uncommon resident in the pinon-juniper association of southern Idaho. +The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology has specimens collected by me at S +Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line, Owyhee County. + +_Sitta carolinensis tenuissima_ Grinnell. Inyo Nuthatch. Fairly common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1286, 3 mi. NE Princeton, +Latah County, November 20, 1938.) + +_Sitta canadensis_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1905, 11 mi. SSW Idaho City, Boise +County, October 20, 1946.) + +_Sitta pygmaea melanotis_ van Rossem. Black-eared Nuthatch. Fairly +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1552, 10 mi. NE +Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.) + +_Certhia familiaris caurina_ Aldrich. Northwestern Creeper. Common +resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1304, Paradise Ridge, 3 +mi. S Moscow, Latah County, December 10, 1938.) + +_Cinclus mexicanus unicolor_ Bonaparte. Dipper. Common resident. Rust +(1915:128) reports that this bird is regularly seen along mountain +streams in Kootenai County. + +_Troglodytes aedon parkmanii_ Audubon. Western House Wren. Common +resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 50, Moscow, Latah County, May 25, 1937.) + +_Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus_ Baird. Western Winter Wren. +Uncommon resident in the Canadian Life-zone of central and northern +Idaho. (D. A. 1269, Lochsa River, at Van Camp, Idaho County, November +5, 1939.) + +_Telmatodytes palustris pulverius_ Aldrich. Northwestern Long-billed +Marsh Wren. Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1769, 2 mi. +SW Notus, Canyon County, February 20, 1941.) + +_Catherpes mexicanus griseus_ Aldrich. Northern Canyon Wren. Uncommon +resident in southern Idaho, extending north at least to Idaho County. +(D. A. 1702, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, July 15, 1940.) + +_Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus_ (Say). Common Rock Wren. Resident in +southern Idaho. (D. A. 1799, Boise, Ada County, June 24, 1941.) + +_Dumetella carolinensis ruficrissa_ Aldrich. Western Catbird. Common +resident in northern Idaho, and possibly in the southern portion of the +state. (D. A. 1467, 2 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, June 2, 1939.) + +_Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Resident in the +sagebrush area from Idaho County south. (D. A. 1645, 4 mi. NW Pollock, +Idaho County, June 25, 1940.) + +_Turdus migratorius_ Linnaeus. Robin. Common resident in the Transition +Life-zone. + + a. _caurinus_ (Grinnell). Northwestern Robin. Common + migrant. (Univ. Idaho No. 216, Moscow, Latah County, August + 25, 1937.) + + b. _propinquus_ Ridgway. Western Robin. Resident. (D. A. + 1893, Boise, Ada County, May 1, 1944.) + +_Ixoreus naevius meruloides_ (Swainson). Northern Varied Thrush. +Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1231, Moscow, +Latah County, October 7, 1938.) + +_Hylocichla guttata_ (Pallas). Hermit Thrush. Fairly common resident. + + a. _guttata_ (Pallas). Alaska Hermit Thrush. The A. O. U. + Check-list (1931) states that these birds migrate through + Idaho. + + b. _auduboni_ (Baird). Audubon Hermit Thrush. Resident. (D. + A. 1230, Moscow, Latah County, October 1, 1938.) + +_Hylocichla ustulata almae_ Oberholser. Western Olive-backed Thrush. +Fairly common resident. (D. A. 1616, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, +June 5, 1940.) + +_Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola_ Ridgway. Willow Thrush. Fairly +common resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology has specimens of this +species, taken at Castle Creek Ranger Station, Idaho County, 7 mi. SE +Murphy, Owyhee County, and 3 mi. W Swan Valley, Bonneville County. + +_Sialia mexicanus occidentalis_ Townsend. Western Bluebird. Resident in +northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) states that the species is fairly +common at Coeur d'Alene Lake. + +_Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Very common +resident. (D. A. 1789, Black Creek, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, March +7, 1941.) + +_Myadestes townsendi_ (Audubon). Townsend Solitaire. Uncommon resident +in the boreal zones. (D. A. 1294, 7 mi. E Genessee, Latah County, +November 27, 1938.) + +_Polioptila caerulea amoenissima_ Grinnell. Western Gnatcatcher. +Brodkorb (1935b:312) records one specimen of this bird taken at 6,000 +ft. "about eight miles southwest of Raymond, Bear Lake County," on +October 7, 1932. + +_Regulus satrapa olivaceus_ Baird. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. +Resident; fairly common in winter. (D. A. 1229, Moscow, Latah County, +October 1, 1938.) + +_Regulus calendula cineraceus_ Grinnell. Western Ruby-crowned Kinglet. +Resident; one of the most common winter birds. (D. A. 1902, Cottonwood +Creek, 5 mi. NNE Boise, Ada County, October 5, 1946.) + +_Anthus spinoletta pacificus_ Todd. Western Pipit. Common migrant. (D. +A. 1849, Black Creek Reservoir, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, October +11, 1941.) + +_Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps_ Reichenow. Bohemian Waxwing. Common +sporadically in winter. Taylor (1918:226) reported this bird breeding +near Sandpoint, Bonner County. + +_Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Very common in winter, +often with the preceding species; resident in Kootenai and Bonner +counties, and probably elsewhere in the State. Rust (1915:128) records +a nest with three fresh eggs on June 28 at Fernan Creek, Kootenai +County. + +_Lanius excubitor invictus_ Grinnell. Northwestern Shrike. Casual +migrant. (D. A. 1875, Boise, Ada County, February 3, 1943.) + +_Lanius ludovicianus gambeli_ Ridgway. California Shrike. Miller +(1931:79) states that the resident population of this species is +referred to this race. Common resident in the Sonoran zones. + +_Sturnus vulgaris_ Linnaeus. Starling. These birds have been reported +for several years; specimens were first reported by Jones (1946:142) +from Bannock County. + +_Vireo huttoni huttoni_ Cassin. Hutton Vireo. Very common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1413, Troy, Latah County, May 6, +1939.) + +_Vireo solitarius cassinii_ Xantus. Cassin Vireo. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology has a +specimen taken 3 mi. W Payette Lake, Adams County. + +_Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common resident. The +Museum of Vertebrate Zoology has a specimen of this vireo taken 4 mi. W +Meadow Creek, Idaho County. + +_Vireo gilvus swainsonii_ Baird. Western Warbling Vireo. Very common +resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 119, Moscow, Latah County, June 14, 1938.) + +_Vermivora celata orestera_ Oberholser. Rocky Mountain Orange-crowned +Warbler. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 204, Moscow, Latah County, +August 16, 1938.) + +_Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi_ van Rossem. Calaveras Warbler. +Burleigh (1923:662) states that this warbler is fairly common at +Clark's Fork, Bonner County, in July and August. + +_Dendroica petechia morcomi_ Coale. Rocky Mountain Yellow Warbler. Very +common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 175, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, +July 29, 1938.) + +_Dendroica auduboni auduboni_ (Townsend). Audubon Warbler. Common +resident. (D. A. 1555, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.) + +_Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Fairly +common in migration, and probably resident. The Museum of Vertebrate +Zoology has a specimen taken at Indian Creek, 12 mi. SE Riddle, Owyhee +County. + +_Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Fairly common in +migration. Burleigh (1923:663) states that the bird is resident at +Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis_ Ridgway. Grinnell Water-thrush. +Merrill (1897:349) records this bird from the State. + +_Oporornis tolmiei_ (Townsend). Macgillivray Warbler. Common resident. +(D. A. 1421, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.) + +_Geothlypis trichas occidentalis_ Brewster. Western Yellow-throat. +Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1863, 2 mi. W Boise, Ada +County, May 8, 1942.) + +_Icteria virens auricollis_ (Lichtenstein). Long-tailed Chat. Common +resident. (D. A. 1800, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, +June 28, 1941.) + +_Wilsonia pusilla pileolata_ (Pallas). Northern Pileolated Warbler. +Burleigh (1923:663) records this bird as a common resident at Clark's +Fork, Bonner County; uncommon in southern Idaho. + +_Setophaga ruticilla_ (Linnaeus). American Redstart. There are some +records of casual visitants in southern Idaho, and Burleigh (1923:663) +states that it is a summer resident at Clark's Fork, Bonner County. + +_Passer domesticus_ (Linnaeus). English Sparrow. This cosmopolitan bird +can be found wherever there is a human habitation. + +_Dolichonyx oryzivorus_ (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Resident in northern +Idaho. Burleigh (1923:655) states that the bird is resident at Clark's +Fork, Bonner County. + +_Sturnella neglecta_ Audubon. Western Meadowlark. Common resident. (D. +A. 1876, Boise, Ada County, May 12, 1943.) + +_Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. +Common resident along the Snake River in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1628, +Hagerman, on Snake River, Gooding County, June 16, 1940.) + +_Agelaius phoeniceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-wing. Common resident. + + a. _fortis_ Ridgway. Thick-billed Red-wing. Resident in + southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1624, Hagerman on Snake River, + Gooding County, June 16, 1940.) + + b. _nevadensis_ Grinnell. Nevada Red-wing. Resident in + southwestern and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1765, Star, Canyon + County, May 1, 1941.) + +_Icterus bullockii bullockii_ (Swainson). Bullock Oriole. Common +resident. (D. A. 1655, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.) + +_Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Common resident. +(D. A. 1894, nest and four eggs, Boise, Ada County, May 10, 1944.) + +_Molothrus ater artemisiae_ Grinnell. Nevada Cowbird. Fairly common +bird in the Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1460, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow, +Latah County, May 26, 1939.) + +_Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson). Western Tanager. Very common resident +in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1570, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah +County, May 19, 1940.) + +_Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus_ (Swainson). Rocky Mountain +Grosbeak. Resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 51 +Moscow Mountain, Latah County, May 30, 1937.) + +_Passerina amoena_ (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Very common resident in the +Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1802, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, +Boise County, June 28, 1941.) + +_Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi_ Grinnell. Western Evening Grosbeak. +Resident in the Transition Life-zone; large flocks of these birds are +commonly observed in winter. (D. A. 1527, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah +County, April 20, 1940.) + +_Carpodacus cassinii_ Baird. Cassin Purple Finch. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1822, Head Crooked River, Sawtooth +Range, Boise County, August 6, 1941.) + +_Carpodacus mexicanus solitudinis_ Moore. Desert House Finch. Common +resident. (D. A. 1889, Boise, Ada County, April 24, 1944.) + +_Pinicola enucleator montana_ Ridgway. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak. +Resident on the boreal summits of the mountains. (D. A. 1321, Moscow +Mountain, Latah County, January 26, 1939.) + +_Leucosticte tephrocotis_ Swainson. Rosy Finch. Resident in the boreal +zones; observed casually in winter. Various races of this species are +present in the State, but only the following two are here listed until +there is further clarification of the status of the other races of the +species. + + a. _littoralis_ Baird. Hepburn Rosy Finch. Winter visitant. + (D. A. 1347, 2 mi. N Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.) + + b. _tephrocotis_ (Swainson). Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. + According to the 1931 A. O. U. Check-list, this subspecies + breeds in the State. + +_Leucosticte atrata_ Ridgway. Black Rosy Finch. Resident in the Salmon +Mountains. See A. O. U. Check-list (1931) for the range of this +species. + +_Acanthis flammea flammea_ (Linnaeus). Common Redpoll. Rust (1915:127) +lists this bird as a winter visitant in Kootenai County, and one +specimen was obtained in Bonner County. (D. A. 1334, 6 mi. S Coolin, +Bonner County, February 19, 1939.) + +_Spinus pinus vagrans_ Aldrich. Western Pine Siskin. Common resident in +the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1857, Horseshoe Bend, Boise County, +December 10, 1941.) + +_Spinus tristis pallidus_ Mearns. Pale Goldfinch. Common resident. (D. +A. 1622, 4 mi. ESE Boise, Ada County, March 14, 1941.) + +_Loxia curvirostra_ Linnaeus. Red Crossbill. Uncommon resident in the +Canadian Life-zone. + + a. _bendirei_ Ridgway. Bendire Crossbill. Resident. (D. A. + 1525, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, April 20, 1940.) + + b. _benti_ Griscom. Bent Crossbill. Winter visitant. (Univ. + Idaho No. 94, Moscow, Latah County, December 5, 1937.) + +_Loxia leucoptera leucoptera_ Gmelin. White-winged Crossbill. Davis +(1935b:236) records this bird from the Minidoka Project on December 18, +1919, and Jewett (1912b:193) took one specimen in the Sawtooth +Mountains. + +_Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Breeding +individuals of this species have been taken at the Minidoka Project by +Davis (1930:136). + +_Pipilo maculatus_ Swainson. Spotted Towhee. Common resident in the +Transition Life-zone. + + a. _arcticus_ (Swainson). Arctic Towhee. Resident in + northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 163, Coeur d'Alene, + Kootenai County, July 20, 1938.) + + b. _curtatus_ Grinnell. Nevada Towhee. Resident in southern + Idaho. (D. A. 1804, Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise + County, July 4, 1941.) + +_Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Davis (1935b:236) +records this species as erratic at the Minidoka Project, where he took +a specimen on May 29, 1921. + +_Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis_ Grinnell. Nevada Savannah +Sparrow. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 57, Moscow, Latah County, +September 25, 1937.) + +_Pooecetes gramineus confinis_ Baird. Western Vesper Sparrow. Common +resident. (D. A. 1391, Moscow, Latah County, April 16, 1939.) + +_Chondestes grammacus strigatus_ Swainson. Western Lark Sparrow. +Common resident. (D. A. 1579, 3 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, May 21, +1940.) + +_Amphispiza belli nevadensis_ (Ridgway). Northern Sage Sparrow. +Resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen in +Minidoka on May 19, 1921. + +_Junco hyemalis cismontanus_ Dwight. Slate-colored Junco. Fairly common +winter visitant with other juncos. See Miller (1941:329) for records of +these birds. + +_Junco oreganus_ Townsend. Oregon Junco. Common resident. See Miller +(1941:238) for ranges of the following subspecies. + + a. _mearnsi_ Ridgway. Pink-sided Junco. Resident in Custer + and Fremont counties. + + b. _montanus_ Ridgway. Montana Junco. Resident in northern + and western Idaho. + +_Junco caniceps caniceps_ (Woodhouse). Gray-headed Junco. Miller +(1941:180) states that some hybridization occurs between this species +and _oreganus_ in Bannock and Cassia counties. It is resident in +southeastern Idaho. + +_Spizella arborea ochracea_ Brewster. Western Tree Sparrow. Fairly +common resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1516, nest and +eggs, Moscow, Latah County, April 6, 1940.) + +_Spizella passerina arizonae_ Coues. Western Chipping Sparrow. Very +common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1805, junction of +Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise County, July 4, 1941.) + +_Spizella breweri breweri_ Cassin. Brewer Sparrow. Resident in southern +Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) records the bird as a summer resident at the +Minidoka Project. + +_Zonotrichia querula_ Nuttall. Harris Sparrow. Wyman (1911a:267) +records this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter. + +_Zonotrichia leucophrys_ (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Common +resident. + + a. _gambeli_ (Nuttall). Gambel Sparrow. Migrant. (Univ. + Idaho No. 6, Moscow, Latah County, September 26, 1936.) + + b. _leucophrys_ (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Resident + in the Hudsonian and Canadian zones. See A. O. U. Check-list + (1931) for range of this subspecies. + +_Zonotrichia albicollis_ (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Wyman +(1912b:247) reported this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter. + +_Passerella iliaca schistacea_ Baird. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. +Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone, and fairly common in +migration. (D. A. 1365, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock +County, April 2, 1939.) + +_Melospiza lincolnii alticola_ (Miller and McCabe). Montane Lincoln +Sparrow. Resident in the boreal zones, and fairly common in migration. +See Miller and McCabe (1935:149) for range of this subspecies. + +_Melospiza melodia_ (Wilson). Song Sparrow. Common resident. + + a. _fallax_ (Baird). Mountain Song Sparrow. Resident in + southern Idaho. (D. A. 1839, Head Taylor Creek, Boise + County, August 7, 1941.) + + b. _merrilli_ Brewster. Merrill Song Sparrow. Resident in + central and northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 103, Moscow, + Latah County, February 22, 1938.) + +_Calcarius lapponicus alascensis_ Ridgway. Alaska Longspur. Uncommon +migrant. Merrill (1898:15) records one specimen of this species taken +at Fort Sherman on November 13, 1896. + +_Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Snow Bunting. +Uncommon migrant. Rust (1915:127) records the bird as rare in migration +in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1898:15) states that it is irregular +in winter at Fort Sherman. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY + + +ALDRICH, J. W. + + 1944. Notes on the races of the white-breasted nuthatch. + Auk, 61:592-604. + + 1946a. New subspecies of birds from western North America. + Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 59:129-136. + + 1946b. Speciation in the white-cheeked geese. Wilson Bull., + 58:94-103. + +ALDRICH, J. W. AND FRIEDMANN, H. + + 1943. A revision of the ruffed grouse. Condor, 45:85-103. + +AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION COMMITTEE. + + 1931. Check-list of North American birds. Lancaster Press. + + 1944. Nineteenth supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 61:441-464. + + 1945. Twentieth supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 62:436-449. + + 1946. Twenty-first supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 63:428-432. + + 1947. Twenty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' + Union check-list of North American birds. Auk, 64:445-452. + +ARVEY, M. D. + + 1941. Black-billed cuckoo in Idaho. Condor, 43:291. + + 1944. Eastern blue-jay in Idaho. Condor, 46:205. + +BEHLE, W. H. + + 1942. Distribution and variation of the horned larks + (_Otocoris alpestris_) of western North America. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 46:205-316. + + 1944. Check-list of the birds of Utah. Condor, 46:67-87. + +BENDIRE, C. E. + + 1877. Birds of southeastern Oregon. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. + Hist., 19:109-149. + +BOND, R. M. + + 1946. The peregrine population of western North America. + Condor, 48:101-116. + +BREWSTER, W. + + 1896. Description of a new warbler and a new song sparrow. + Auk, 13:44-47. + +BRODKORB, P. + + 1935a. Two new subspecies of the red-shafted flicker. Occ. + Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 314:1-3. + + 1935b. A new bird for Idaho. Auk, 52:312. + +BURLEIGH, T. D. + + 1923. Notes on the breeding birds of Clark's Fork, Bonner + County, Idaho, Auk, 40:653-665. + +COOLE, H. K. + + 1915. The present status of the trumpeter swan (_Olor + buccinator_). Auk, 32:82-90. + +COUES, E. + + 1892. Original description of Lewis's woodpecker. Auk, 9:394. + +DAVIS, W. B. + + 1923. On the avifauna of Minidoka County, and adjacent + territory. Murrelet, 4:3-4. + + 1930. Meet _Oreospiza chlorura_. Oologist, 47:136. + + 1934. Bird notes from Owyhee County, Idaho. Murrelet, + 15:69-72. + + 1935a. Noon-day feeding of the Pacific nighthawk. Condor, + 37:176. + + 1935b. An analysis of the bird population in the vicinity of + Rupert, Idaho. Condor, 37:233-238. + + 1936. Broad-winged hawk in Idaho. Condor, 38:86. + +DAVIS, W. B. AND STEVENSON, J. + + 1934. The type localities of three birds collected by Lewis + and Clark in 1806. Condor, 36:161-163. + +DUVALL, H. J. + + 1945. Distribution and taxonomy of the black-capped + chickadees of North America. Auk, 62:49-69. + +EVENDON, F. G., JR., AND EVENDON, J. R. + + 1944. A house finch census at Mountain Home, Idaho. Condor, + 46:209. + +GRINNELL, J. + + 1904. The origin and distribution of the chestnut-backed + chickadee. Auk, 21:364-382. + +HAND, R. L. + + 1933a. The hawk-owl in northern Idaho. Condor, 35:32. + + 1933b. Summer occurrence of the goshawk in Idaho. Condor, + 35:36. + + 1935. A sight record of the red phalarope (_P. fulicans_) in + northern Idaho. Auk, 52:180-181. + + 1938. Notes on some birds nesting in northern Idaho. Condor, + 41:84. + +HAYWARD, C. L. + + 1934. Important heron rookeries in southeastern Idaho. Auk, + 51:39-41. + +HURLEY, J. B. + + 1926. Birds observed in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. + Murrelet, 7:35-36. + +JEWETT, S. G. + + 1912a. Western records of the catbird. Auk, 29:106. + + 1912b. Some birds of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Condor, + 14:191-194. + +JONES, V. E. + + 1943. White-fronted goose in Idaho. Condor, 45:120. + + 1946. The starling in Idaho. Condor, 48:142-143. + +KENAGY, F. + + 1914. A change in fauna. Condor, 16:120-123. + +LOW, J. B. + + 1945. Clay bank has multiple use for wildlife. Condor, + 47:132-133. + +LOW, J. B., AND NELSON, M. + + 1945. Recent records of breeding waterfowl in Utah and + southern Idaho. Condor, 47:131-132. + +MARSHALL, W. H. + + 1940. An "Eagle Guard" developed in Idaho. Condor, 52:166. + +MCCABE, T. T., AND MCCABE, E. B. + + 1933. Hermit thrushes of the northwestern states. Condor, + 35:122-123. + +MERRIAM, C. H. + + 1891. Results of a biological reconnaisance of south-central + Idaho. N. Amer. Fauna, 5:1-108. + + 1892. The dwarf screech owl (_Megascops flammeolus + idahoensis_ Merriam). Auk, 9:169-171. + +MERRILL, J. C. + + 1897. Notes on the birds of Fort Sherman, Idaho. Auk, + 14:347-357. + + 1898. Notes on the birds of Fort Sherman, Idaho. Auk, + 15:14-22. + +MILLER, A. H. + + 1931. Systematic revision and natural history of the + American shrikes (_Lanius_). Univ. California Publ. Zool., + 38:11-242. + + 1933. The Canada jays of northern Idaho. Trans. San Diego + Soc. Nat. Hist., 7:287-296. + + 1941. Speciation in the avian genus _Junco_. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 44:173-434. + +MILLER, A. H. AND MCCABE, T. T. + + 1935. Racial differentiation in _Passerella (Melospiza) + lincolnii_. Condor, 37:144-160. + +MOORE, R. T. + + 1939. A review of the house finches of the subgenus Burrica. + Condor, 41:177-205. + +OBERHOLSER, H. C. + + 1918. Notes on the subspecies of _Numenius americanus_ + Bechstein. Auk, 35:188-195. + +OLSON, A. C., JR. + + 1943. Starling in northern Idaho. Condor, 45:197. + +PALMER, R. H. + + 1928. Relative abundance of bird species in southern Idaho, + Fresno County, California, and King County, Washington. + Murrelet, 9:28-38. + +RIDGWAY, R. + + 1901-1918. The birds of North and Middle America. U. S. Nat. + Mus. Bull. 50, pts. 1-8. + +RUST, H. J. + + 1913. Birds new to the vicinity of Lake Coeur d'Alene, + Kootenai County, Idaho. Condor, 15:41. + + 1914. Some notes on the nesting of the sharp-shinned hawk. + Condor, 16:14-24. + + 1915. An annotated list of the birds of Kootenai County, + Idaho. Condor, 17:118-129. + + 1916. Additional notes on the birds of Kootenai County, + Idaho. Condor, 18:81-82. + + 1917. An annotated list of the birds of Fremont County, + Idaho, as observed during the summer of 1916. Condor, + 19:29-43. + + 1919. A favorite nesting haunt of the Merrill song sparrow. + Condor, 21:145-153. + + 1920. The home life of the western warbling vireo. Condor, + 22:85-94. + +SLIPP, J. W. + + 1942. Franklin's gull in Idaho. Condor, 44:226-227. + +SLOANAKER, J. L. + + 1925. Notes from Spokane. Condor, 27:73-74. + +SNYDER, J. O. + + 1900. Notes on a few species of Idaho and Washington birds. + Auk, 17:242-245. + +STONE, W. + + 1915. Type locality of Lewis's woodpecker and Clarke's + nutcracker. Auk, 32:371-372. + +SUGDEN, J. W. + + 1937. The status of the sandhill crane in Utah and southern + Idaho. Condor, 40:18-22. + +TAVERNER, P. A. + + 1914. A new subspecies of _Dendragapus_ (_Dendragapus + obscurus flemmingi_) from southern Yukon Territory. Auk, + 31:385-388. + +TAYLOR, W. P. + + 1918. Bohemian waxwing (_Bombycilla garrula_) breeding + within the United States. Auk, 35:226-227. + +TRACY, H. C. + + 1910. The bobolink in Idaho. Condor, 12:80. + +VAN ROSSEM, A. J. + + 1929. A northern race of the mountain chickadee. Auk, + 45:104-105. + +WYMAN, L. E. + + 1911a. Harris's sparrow (_Zonotrichia querula_) in southern + Idaho. Auk, 28:267-268. + + 1911b. The bobolink again in Idaho. Condor, 13:75. + + 1911c. The catbird in southern Idaho. Condor, 13:108. + + 1912a. Bobolink again in Idaho. Condor, 14:41. + + 1912b. White-throated sparrow in Idaho. Auk, 29:247. + + 1912c. _Oreortyx_ in Idaho. Auk, 29:538-539. + +_Transmitted February 12, 1947._ + +21-6960 + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho, by +M. 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