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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories of Great Men, by Faye Huntington
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Stories of Great Men
+
+Author: Faye Huntington
+
+Release Date: February 19, 2011 [EBook #35331]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES OF GREAT MEN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Peter Vachuska, Jason Isbell and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: ALEXANDER THE GREAT.]
+
+
+
+
+            STORIES OF GREAT MEN
+
+
+                     BY
+              FAYE HUNTINGTON
+
+
+  Author of "Stories of Remarkable Women,"
+   "Echoing and Re-Echoing," "Those Boys,"
+       "Dr. Deane's Way," "Couldn't be
+         Bought," "Mrs. Deane's Way,"
+            "What Fide Remembers,"
+                  etc., etc.
+
+
+                 ILLUSTRATED
+
+
+                   BOSTON
+          LOTHROP PUBLISHING COMPANY
+
+               Copyright, 1887,
+
+                     by
+
+            D. Lothrop and Company.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+Chapter.                                Page
+
+    I. Alexander the Great                 7
+
+   II. Addison, Joseph                    12
+
+  III. Agassiz, Louis John Rudolph        17
+
+   IV. Bacon, Francis                     21
+
+    V. Cæsar, Caius Julius                27
+
+   VI. Disraeli, Benjamin                 31
+
+  VII. Everett, Edward                    35
+
+ VIII. Farragut, David Glasgow            40
+
+   IX. Gordon, Charles George             45
+
+    X. Hannibal                           51
+
+   XI. Irving, Washington                 57
+
+  XII. Judson, Adoniram                   61
+
+ XIII. Knox, John                         69
+
+  XIV. Lincoln, Abraham                   75
+
+   XV. Morse, Samuel Finley Breese        81
+
+  XVI. Newton, Sir Isaac                  86
+
+ XVII. Obookiah, Henry                    91
+
+XVIII. Penn, William                      98
+
+  XIX. Quincy, Josiah                    103
+
+   XX. Rush, Benjamin                    105
+
+  XXI. Savonarola, Girolamo              109
+
+ XXII. Tennyson, Alfred                  115
+
+XXIII. Ulfila                            120
+
+ XXIV. Vincent, Rev. John H., D.D.       123
+
+  XXV. Webster, Daniel                   129
+
+ XXVI. Xenophon                          134
+
+
+
+
+OUR ALPHABET OF GREAT MEN.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
+
+
+Where shall we begin? With "A" of course, but there are so many great
+men whose names begin with A, I don't know how to select. However, I
+might as well go back a good way in the world's history, and say
+Alexander the Great. Since he was so great that they added the word to
+his name, perhaps he ought to head the list. Though mind, he is not my
+idea of a great man, after all.
+
+Who was he, what was he, and when did he live? Three questions in one,
+and questions which when well answered tell a great deal.
+
+He was the son of King Philip of Macedonia, and was born at Pella three
+hundred and fifty-six years before Jesus came to this earth. His father
+was a strong brave soldier, and his mother was a strong fierce woman,
+and their son is said to have been like them both. When he was thirteen
+years old he had one of the greatest men in the world for his teacher.
+This man's name was Aristotle.
+
+Another "A," you see; but I shall have to leave you to discover his
+greatness for yourselves.
+
+When Alexander was sixteen, his father left him to manage the country
+while he himself went to war.
+
+When he was eighteen he won a great victory in the army. Very soon
+afterwards his father was killed, and Alexander with his great army
+fought his way into power, and made people recognize him as ruler of the
+Greeks.
+
+From that time on, for years, his story might be told in one word, War.
+Battle after battle was fought and won; cities were destroyed; in
+Thebes, just one house was left standing, which belonged to a poet named
+Pindar. I know you are curious to hear why his house was spared, and I
+know that the industrious ones will try to look it up, and the lazy ones
+will yawn and say, "Oh, never mind; what do I care?"
+
+Alexander's next wish was to conquer Persia. I am sure you would be
+interested to read the account of his triumphant march. The people were
+so afraid of him that they would run when they heard that his army was
+coming; sometimes without an attempt to defend their cities; and all
+that Alexander would have to do when he reached the town would be to
+march in and take possession.
+
+This series of battles was closed at a place named Gordium.
+
+Have you ever heard of the "Gordian knot?"
+
+The story is, that at this place, Gordium, there was a car or chariot,
+which had been dedicated to the gods; and a certain god had said that
+whoever should succeed in untying the knot which fastened the pole of
+the car to the yoke, should rule over Asia. No one had been found who
+could untie it. But what did Alexander do when he found he could not
+untie it, but cut it in two with his sword! And the people accepted him
+as the man who was to rule!
+
+War, war, war! The great Persian soldier, Darius, had such a high
+opinion of his own large army that he let Alexander get with his
+soldiers to a point where they could fight, and could not well be taken,
+and another great victory was the end of the story. When Darius saw his
+mistake, and tried to coax Alexander into being friends, by offering
+his daughter for the conqueror's wife, and a great deal of land in the
+bargain, Alexander replied that he would marry the daughter if he wanted
+her, whether her father was willing or not; and that all the land
+belonged to him.
+
+Now comes a dreadful story of wrong. Alexander heard that a plot to take
+his life had been discovered by one of his men named Philotas, but that
+he had not told of it for two days. When asked why he did not, he said
+that the story came from a worthless source and was not to be believed.
+But Alexander did not trust him and decided that he should be killed. As
+if this was not enough, he had him tortured to make him tell the names
+of others who were suspected. It is said that Alexander stood by, and
+watched the writhings, and listened to the screams of this man who had
+fought by his side in many battles!
+
+Yet he seemed sometimes able to trust people. Once, when he was sick,
+word came to him that his physician had been bribed to poison him. When
+his next dose of medicine was ready, Alexander laid the letter which
+told this story, before his friend, the physician, then drank the
+medicine, to show how fully he trusted him.
+
+Before he was thirty-three years old this wonderful, sad life was
+ended! I do not know anything sadder than a great, bad man. I cannot
+help wondering how it would have been if Alexander had lived about three
+hundred years later, and met Jesus Christ. Yet he might have known Jesus
+as Abraham did, and David, and Samuel, and all that long list of great
+men.
+
+The story of his last sickness is very dreadful. It seemed to have been
+brought on by his awful grief over the death of a friend. But he had
+such a strange way of grieving! All night he would spend in drinking
+liquor, and all day he lay and slept off its effects. But one morning he
+found himself unable to rise, and he never rose again. When he was asked
+who should succeed him as ruler of the kingdom, he said, "the
+strongest." But he gave his signet ring to one of his generals named
+Perdiccas.
+
+So closed this great _little_ life. The greatest soldier who ever lived,
+as men talk about soldiers, but an utter failure in the sight of him who
+said: "He that ruleth his own spirit, is greater than he that taketh a
+city."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+ADDISON, JOSEPH.
+
+
+When I was a little girl, I sat listening one day while several
+gentlemen who were visiting my father, talked together, and one of them
+told a queer story which interested me very much, and called forth
+bursts of laughter from the gentlemen. Then, one said, "That is almost
+equal to Addison's time."
+
+Over this sentence I puzzled. The only person whom I knew by that name
+was an old lame man who lived at the lower end of a long straggling
+street, and who was not remarkable for anything but laziness. What could
+the gentlemen who were visiting my father know about him, and what did
+they mean by "Addison's time?" I hovered around my father for quite a
+while, looking for a chance to ask questions, but there was no break in
+the conversation, so I gave it up. Something recalled the matter to me
+during the afternoon, and I asked a boy who lived near us, and with whom
+I was on quite friendly terms, if old Joe Addison had a clock that was
+queer; explaining to him at the same time why I wanted to know. He
+replied that he had seen a very large and very ugly-looking watch
+hanging in the shoe shop by old Joe's bench, and that Joe called it his
+turnip, and could take the outside casing all off, just as one could
+take a thing out of a box. This then was the explanation, I thought, but
+though we talked it over very thoroughly, we failed to see any
+connection between the story that the gentlemen had laughed over, and
+old Joe Addison's watch.
+
+Something else came up to interest us, and we forgot all about it. And
+it was more than a year afterwards that I learned that my father's
+friends did not refer to old Joe at all, but to another Joseph Addison
+who was quite a different character.
+
+I want you all to become acquainted with the real Joseph Addison; enough
+to know what it means when you hear him mentioned.
+
+So, if you please, set down his name in your alphabetical dictionary:
+Joseph Addison.
+
+He was born on a May-day, so it will not be hard to remember so much of
+his birthday. But how shall we remember the date? Well, you know the
+first figure of course, for as we count time, it is always one. Now jump
+to six. Sixteen hundred? Yes; that's it. Two more figures. What is the
+next figure to six? Set it down. And the next figure to one? Set that
+down. Now what have you? Sixteen hundred and seventy-two. A little
+thinking will fix that date so you will not be likely to forget it, and
+it is really quite nice to know just when people lived. Now what was
+Addison, that people are remembering him for two hundred years? First a
+scholar. Then he must have studied hard. Also he was an author--a poet.
+When he was about twenty-one he wrote a poem addressed to Dryden. Just
+remember that man's name, will you? Some day we will make his
+acquaintance. Then he translated Latin poetry, and wrote several
+descriptive poems. People do not seem to have thought any of them
+remarkable, and for my part I don't know how he made his living.
+
+[Illustration: JOSEPH ADDISON.]
+
+We next hear of him as a traveller. His friends managed to get a pension
+for him from the king, which was to give him a chance to travel and
+qualify himself to serve his Majesty.
+
+Imagine our government giving a young man a salary to travel around
+with, just so that he might get ready to work for it! Joseph went to
+France, and to Italy, and to Switzerland. Wait, did I tell you where he
+was born? In Wiltshire, England. His father was a minister. I don't
+think the government was so very good to him, though, for it forgot to
+pay his salary, after the first year, and he had to pay his own
+travelling expenses. He seems to have worked hard at his writing, and
+some of the poems which people read and admire to-day were written
+during these journeys. One named the "Letter From Italy." Some people
+think it is the very best of all his poems.
+
+When he was thirty-eight years old his life began to grow brighter. His
+friends succeeded in getting him a government office, and there was a
+certain great duke about whose victories Addison made a poem for which
+he was paid a large price. From that time he steadily rose in power. He
+became secretary to Lord Halifax, and then entered Parliament. In this
+place he knew one thing which great men do not always learn. That was,
+how to keep still. He was spoken of as "the silent member." A good deal
+of his writing is in the form of plays which were acted in the theatres.
+
+He had a friend named Richard Steele, with whom we must sometime get
+acquainted. This Mr. Steele was editor of a paper called _The Tattler_,
+for which Addison wrote a great deal. The paper which followed _The
+Tattler_ was named _The Spectator_, and in these two papers are gathered
+some of the finest writings of the two men. Newspapers were not so
+plenty then as now, and _The Spectator_ became famous. Everybody took
+it. Addison's essays which were written for it are still read and
+admired.
+
+When he was about forty-six years old, he quarrelled with his old friend
+Steele, and they took to writing against each other in the papers, and
+calling one another names, like naughty children. At least Steele did; I
+am not sure that Addison ever stooped so low. He did not live long after
+that. In fact, he died in the June after he was forty-seven. He was
+buried in Westminster Abbey in the Poets' Corner.
+
+Now you have been introduced to him, I hope as you grow older you will
+be interested to study his character.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+AGASSIZ, LOUIS JOHN RUDOLPH.
+
+
+Isn't that a pretty name? When he was a little Swiss boy roaming about
+his home, I wonder if his mother called him Louis or Rudolph, or plain
+John? How many years ago was that? Oh, not so very many. It was one May
+day, in 1807, that he opened his eyes on this world. I don't know very
+much about his boyhood that can be told here. He was always a good
+scholar. Everybody who has anything to say of him seems to be sure of
+that. And on questioning them, I find they mean by it that he worked
+hard at his lessons and learned them. No boy or girl must think that
+good scholars are born so. Every one of them has to work for their
+wisdom. Our boy studied at home. His father was a minister. When he was
+old enough he was sent away to the best schools within reach, where he
+studied medicine. He became a famous man, but not as a physician. The
+fact is he was an ichthyologist. Ah, now I've caught you! Who knows the
+meaning of that word? Boys, are there any ichthyologists among your
+friends? I asked a little girl what the word meant. She did not know and
+turned to her tall brother who was studying Latin. "Humph!" he said. "Of
+course I know. It is one who understands ichthyology."
+
+"But what is ichthyology?" she persisted.
+
+"Why, it is--it is ichthyology, of course," he said; and that is as much
+as he seemed to know about it.
+
+Really, I think we can do better than that. An ichthyologist is one who
+understands all about fishes. Think of the little slippery, scaly things
+having such a long word as that belonging to them! Where did they get
+it? Oh, go back to the Greek language, and ask your father, or your
+brother, or somebody, to tell you the Greek word for fish, and you will
+be able to guess the rest out for yourselves.
+
+Well, Louis John Rudolph, when he was quite a boy, was chosen by some
+scientific men to study out the story of some fishes that were brought
+from the Amazon River. You see he must have had a good name as a
+student, or this honor would never have come to him. It seems he did his
+work well, and became so interested that he went on studying fishes.
+When he was about twenty-one, he began to write papers about their
+curious and wonderful varieties, which showed so much knowledge that
+scholars began to get very much interested in the student, as well as in
+his fishes. As the years went by, and the boy became a man and was
+called Mr. Agassiz, he became known all over the world for his knowledge
+in this direction; he grew more and more interested. He found fishes
+everywhere. Fossil fishes next began to interest him. What are they?
+Why, fishes turned to stone. He found them among the rocks of
+Switzerland. Very little was known about them. Agassiz undertook to find
+out all he could. I have not time, nor room, to tell you the story of
+his long hard years of work. I can only tell you that he succeeded. His
+name is great, because he has been a great helper to students. It is
+great for another reason. The more he studied the wonderful works of
+God, the more he seemed to learn to love and trust God. The more he read
+of the rocks, and the bones, scattered over the earth, the more sure he
+was that the Bible was true. He came to our own country when he was not
+much over thirty years old, and lived there for the rest of his life;
+always studying, and teaching others. He became a professor in Cambridge
+University, where he helped to build a monument for himself in the
+Museum of Natural History which has helped and is helping so many
+students. He was not an old man when he died--only about sixty-six
+years; but he did more work in those years than most men accomplish who
+live to be eighty.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+BACON, FRANCIS.
+
+
+When I was a girl in school, the teacher used to give out topics once a
+month for essays. One evening she gave to Fanny Rhodes this
+topic--"Bacon." Poor Fannie hated essays worse than any of the others, I
+believe, and over this subject she fairly groaned. "As if I _could_!"
+she said. But she did. In just a month from the day the subjects were
+given out, the essays were to be read. Fanny was among the first to be
+called forward. I ought to tell you that these monthly essays were not
+passed in for correction until after they were read. They were to be
+given to the school exactly as they came from the author's hand. So
+Fannie began:
+
+BACON.
+
+  The subject assigned to me for this month is bacon. I do not see how it
+  is possible for any one to say much on such a subject. Everybody knows
+  all that there is to say about it. It is simply the flesh of hogs,
+  salted, or pickled, or dried.
+
+Before she had reached the close of this sentence, the pupils were in
+such roars of laughter that her voice was drowned. She looked around
+upon us with such astonished eyes that the thing grew all the funnier,
+and the boys fairly shouted.
+
+Even the gentle teacher was laughing.
+
+"O Fannie, Fannie!" she said at last. "Did you really think I meant
+_pork_?"
+
+"Why, what else could you mean?" said bewildered Fannie. And then we all
+laughed again.
+
+"Why, Fannie," said Miss Henderson, "I thought of course you would
+understand that I meant Lord Bacon."
+
+"Lord Bacon!" repeated poor Fannie in dismay; "I never heard of him."
+
+So lest you too make the same mistake, I want to introduce you, not to a
+piece of pork, but to Francis Bacon, who was born in London considerably
+more than three hundred years ago. Isn't that a long time to be
+remembered?
+
+What about him? Why, he was a very learned man. A lawyer who wrote books
+that the lawyers of to-day study carefully.
+
+Also he wrote essays on a great variety of subjects--essays that
+scholars in these days read and enjoy. In fact, as I look them over, I
+see many sentences which girls and boys might enjoy before they are old
+enough or wise enough to be called scholars. Isn't that a queer idea,
+that you must be quite wise before people will say of you "he, or she,
+is a scholar?"
+
+I have been reading Lord Bacon's essay on "Cunning," and it certainly
+shows that the people who lived hundreds of years ago, were at least as
+cunning as they are now.
+
+Listen to this: "It is a point of cunning, when you have anything to
+obtain of present despatch, to amuse the party with whom you deal, with
+some other discourse, that he may not be too much awake to make
+objections.
+
+"I knew a secretary who never came to Queen Elizabeth of England, with
+bills to sign, but he would always first put her in some discourse of
+state, that she might the less mind the bills."
+
+And this: "The breaking off in the midst of that, one was about to say,
+as if he took himself up, breeds a greater appetite in him, with whom
+you confer, to know more."
+
+Did you never hear girls talk together according to this hint?
+
+"Girls, it was the queerest thing you ever heard of! And then Minnie
+said--but dear me! I don't suppose I ought to tell you that--"
+
+At which the girls are almost sure to say, "Oh, yes, do! We'll never
+repeat it in the world!"
+
+It is my opinion that a great many boys and girls must have studied
+Bacon very carefully.
+
+Here is another wise saying: "In things that a man would not be seen in
+himself, it is a point of cunning to borrow the name of the world:
+beginning, 'the world says,' or, 'there is a speech abroad.'"
+
+If Lord Bacon were living in these days, he would know that the way to
+do it would be to commence all such sentences with "Why, they say," etc.
+Have you never wondered who "they" were, who are all the time saying
+such important, and often such disagreeable things?
+
+[Illustration: FRANCIS BACON.]
+
+Lord Bacon says, "I knew one that when he wrote a letter, he would put
+that which was most material in the postscript; as if it had been a
+by matter." I have received just such letters as that, and sometimes
+they are from boys and girls. Remember, the great Lord Bacon does not
+say that it is a wise thing to do, but "a point of cunning."
+
+I do not find that he wrote about getting into debt, but perhaps he did,
+for he certainly knew a great deal about it. He has the name of having
+been all his life in debt to some of his friends. So, wise man as he
+was, like most other men, we can, as soon as we begin to study his life,
+find something to avoid, as well as something to copy.
+
+Yet we are to remember him as a wonderful man. Here is what one writer
+says of him: "A man so rare in knowledge, of so many several kinds,
+endued with the facility and felicity of expressing it in so elegant,
+significant, abundant and yet so choice a way of words, of metaphors, of
+allusions, perhaps the world has not seen since it was a world." That
+sentence was written long ago, yet men think much the same of him still.
+
+He was not only a lawyer, but a philosopher. Now just what does that
+word mean? Do you know? I thought not. Let us go to the dictionary and
+see. "Philosopher: one devoted to philosophy." Very well, Webster, but
+what is philosophy? Look again. "Philosophy: the love of, or search
+after wisdom." Why, that is extraordinary! Then we may all be
+philosophers! But Webster says a great deal more about the word. If you
+have a bit of the philosopher in your nature, I think after reading this
+article, you will go at once to the dictionary, and have more wisdom
+after you have carefully studied the word Philosophy than you had
+before. Here is one more definition of the word, to give you a hint of
+what Lord Bacon filled his time with. Philosophy: "The science of things
+divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained."
+
+I wonder if you now feel introduced to this great man? Enough so,
+certainly, not to think of him as a piece of pork! It is more than two
+hundred and fifty years since he died. He was not an old man, only about
+sixty-five, I believe; yet he had done a great deal of work, and will be
+remembered, I suppose, as long as there are books to read.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+CÆSAR, CAIUS JULIUS.
+
+
+Our Alphabet would not be complete if we left out one of the most
+remarkable men that ever lived. Perhaps we shall discover why he is
+called a remarkable man.
+
+Let your thoughts go back along the years to the first years you can
+remember anything about, to the times of which your father and mother or
+perhaps your grandfather and grandmother have told you. Farther than
+that. Go back in the pages of history even farther than the history of
+the years when our Saviour was on earth. That is a long time to think
+back, is it not? But our record tells us that Cæsar was born one hundred
+years before Christ. He must have been a diligent student, for he became
+learned in philosophy and science, and thoroughly understood all the
+arts of war. Those of you who have progressed so far in your Latin
+studies, are familiar with his history of the wars he waged with the
+Helvetii, a nation which occupied what is now Switzerland, and with a
+king called Ariovistus. This was a German king who had crossed over the
+line into Gaul, and if you have read the story of these wars, you know
+something of his peculiarity as a historian, as well as something of his
+skill in carrying on war. For seven years he waged war in Gaul, in the
+meantime invading Britain. After this the Senate at Rome commanded Cæsar
+to disband his army and return to Rome. This he refused to do except
+under certain conditions which were refused; and the Senate further
+declared that unless his army was disbanded by a certain day Cæsar would
+be considered a public enemy. When he heard of this decree he called his
+soldiers together, and by his eloquence made them feel that both he and
+they had been treated badly, and then he determined to go on. It was not
+lawful for a general to lead an army into the province of Rome unless
+upon occasions of coming in great triumph.
+
+[Illustration: JULIUS CÆSAR.]
+
+Now I presume you have heard it said, when a person has gone too far in
+some undertaking to retreat, that he "has crossed the Rubicon." The
+Rubicon was a small stream which formed the boundary between Gaul,
+where Cæsar had been all this time with his army, and the Roman
+province. After he had made up his mind what to do, he led his soldiers
+across this little river. It was not much to do, but it was the
+important step which decided his future course.
+
+I cannot tell you all that followed; how the leaders at Rome were
+terrified at the approach of the famous general, and fled pursued by
+Cæsar, who soon was made dictator of Rome. A little while after, hearing
+of a chance for a conquest in Asia Minor, he set out for Tarsus and
+presently sent back that famous message "_Veni, vidi, vici!_"--"I came,
+I saw, I conquered!"
+
+He came back to Rome after some further triumphs in Africa, and ruled
+fifteen years. Though he gained his position of power unlawfully, he
+ruled wisely and appears to have sought to promote the welfare of his
+State. He made many good laws and carried forward many schemes for the
+general good. Among his undertakings was the revision of the calendar,
+in which he was assisted by some wise men who suggested the introduction
+of leap-years to make up for the six hours which were running behind
+every year.
+
+But he had many enemies, and these conspired to take his life. When he
+was fifty-six years old he was assassinated in the Senate chamber. Among
+those who conspired against him was Marcus Brutus, who had been his
+friend, and when Cæsar saw the hand of Brutus uplifted against him he
+exclaimed, "_Et tu Brute!_"--"Thou too Brutus!" and fell down dead.
+
+It has always seemed to me that there is a whole world of sadness in
+those three little words "Thou too Brutus!" There is love and reproach
+and despair. When a chosen friend turns against us we feel that we are
+undone.
+
+Well, what have we found out about Cæsar's greatness? He was great in
+generalship, great in statesmanship, and great in oratory, and Macaulay
+says, "He possessed learning, taste, wit, eloquence, the sentiments and
+manners of an accomplished gentleman." What was lacking to make him
+truly great?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+DISRAELI, BENJAMIN.
+
+
+December 21, 1805, there came into the home of a Jewish family in
+London a little boy baby. They gave this little boy a long name, but it
+is a good name, and you will at once, upon hearing it, recall one of the
+most interesting stories of the Old Testament. Perhaps you have already
+guessed the name--Benjamin. The father was Isaac Disraeli, a wealthy
+Jew, and the author of several valuable books. The young Benjamin grew
+up and began to write, publishing his first work when he was twenty-one
+years old. And this first book is considered a work of remarkable merit.
+
+He soon became interested in politics and was a candidate for Parliament
+when he was about twenty-seven years old. But he was defeated not only
+the first time but again and again. But not discouraged, he continued
+to work towards the point which he desired to gain, and in 1837 he took
+his seat in the House of Commons. He continued to hold his seat in that
+legislative body until his death, when he was not attending to the
+duties of higher offices.
+
+He was called to very high positions; indeed to the highest honors that
+England has to offer her subjects. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer,
+which is an office corresponding to the Secretary of the Treasury in the
+United States. He was also prime minister in the Queen's Cabinet.
+
+He was a man of great industry, and in addition to his public labors he
+wrote several novels which rank high as specimens of literary
+excellence. However, as a statesman and an orator he will be longest
+remembered. And right here I want to tell the boys an incident of his
+career which interests me, showing his determination and persistence in
+overcoming his own defects.
+
+The first speech he made after becoming a member of Parliament was a
+very poor one. It is said that his manner as well as his words were so
+pompous and pretentious and his gestures so absurdly ridiculous that
+the House was convulsed with laughter. In the midst of his speech he
+closed abruptly and took his seat, saying with the ring of resolve:
+
+"I shall sit down now and you may laugh, but the time will come when you
+will listen to me!"
+
+And that time did come! He delivered some famous speeches in the House
+of Commons, and as a debater he led his party.
+
+Boys, we build oftentimes upon our failures! We need not be discouraged
+if we are not successful at first. Many of our great men have made
+wretched work of their first efforts in the line of their ambition. But
+rising above their despondency, setting themselves at work anew with
+increased energy, they have conquered. So may you! Disraeli was admitted
+to the peerage in 1876, and was known as Lord Beaconsfield. Afterwards,
+because of some great service rendered to his country while he was a
+member of the Congress of Berlin, the Queen made him a Knight of the
+Garter. This is the very highest order of knighthood in the gift of the
+sovereign.
+
+Perhaps some of you boys know something about the "Reform Bill" which
+passed the House of Commons in 1876, and which gave to every householder
+the right to vote. By this law a great many thousand men, nearly all of
+them working men, were made voters. Disraeli was the originator, and,
+the most earnest advocate as well, of that bill, which, by his energy
+and power in debate was pushed through. Disraeli died a few years since,
+and perhaps no statesman or author's death has ever called forth more
+newspaper notices and eulogies than his.
+
+You will find it interesting to study the life and character of this
+man, whom not only England and England's sovereign honored, but who
+received many tributes of respect from the press of our own land.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+EVERETT, EDWARD.
+
+
+We have many records of great men, born in poverty, and with limited
+educational advantages, rising from obscurity to eminence, by their own
+efforts. Such we style "self-made men," and in these sketches of great
+men we shall have occasion to speak of some of these, but our "E" is not
+such an one. Edward Everett was the son of a clergyman, and had in his
+youth the best of educational privileges. That these were not
+misimproved may be inferred from the fact that he was twice the
+"Franklin Medal Scholar" in the Boston public schools. He graduated from
+Harvard University when not quite eighteen years old. That was in 1811.
+You will observe that I have not gone far back in the history of the
+world for a subject. This man lived in the present century, indeed, it
+is only about twenty years since he died. Young as he was, he was made
+Professor of Greek Literature at Harvard, a very few years after his
+graduation. But he went abroad before taking the professor's chair, in
+order to prepare himself better for the duties of the position. However,
+this preparation was to serve him in other capacities. Not very long did
+he serve the University in that way; his countrymen had other work for
+him. He had delivered some brilliant lectures at Harvard, but an oration
+delivered during the last visit of Lafayette to this country, settled
+the question, if any doubt yet remained as to his eloquence; it was on
+that occasion pronounced matchless, and the people of Massachusetts
+determined that such powers ought and should be made to do service in
+the political world. At the call of the people he left the seclusion of
+college walls and entered public life as a Representative in Congress.
+Later he was recalled from Washington to be the Governor of his State.
+Afterwards he travelled again in Europe, and settled himself in an
+Italian villa, with the purpose of carrying out a fondly cherished
+scheme of writing history. But again he was called into public life;
+first as United States Minister to the Court of St. James; then when he
+again hoped to settle to private life he was prevailed upon to accept
+the Presidency of Harvard College, which he held for three years; then
+before he could set about his cherished scheme of labor he was chosen
+Secretary of State under President Fillmore. This was his last official
+service, though he was not permitted to retire into private life. For
+ten years he used his wonderful oratorical powers in the promotion of
+public good; now, it was a lecture in behalf of some benevolent
+enterprise, now, in commemoration of some historical event, or again, a
+eulogy upon some eminent personage. When the scheme was afoot of
+securing Mount Vernon to be held by an association for the people of the
+United States, Edward Everett devoted his time, his energies and his
+unequalled eloquence to the accomplishment of that purpose. He travelled
+over the length and breadth of the land, and spoke thousands of times to
+appreciative audiences upon the "Character of Washington," and as the
+results of that long and wearisome journeying, he contributed to the
+cause over sixty thousand dollars. But with the first peal that heralded
+the beginning of the war a theme yet more inspiring was given him. The
+shot fired at Sumpter reached his ear, and on the twenty-seventh of the
+same month he was ready with a speech that rang out from Chester Square
+with no uncertain sound. But before the bells rang out "peace" he had
+ceased to speak--his lips were mute in death. Less than a week before he
+died--in January, 1865--he spoke in Faneuil Hall on behalf of Freedom.
+
+In Boston, where his death occurred, there were demonstrations of
+profound sorrow; the flag at Bunker Hill, as well as all the flags of
+the city, was hung at half-mast. The church where the funeral services
+were held was crowded and the streets near the church were thronged with
+those anxious to pay respect to the memory of the gifted man; "the
+minute guns at the Navy Yard and on the Common boomed slowly. The church
+bells solemnly tolled, and the roll of muffled drums and the long,
+pealing, melancholy wail of the wind instruments filled the air."
+
+Why the mourning? And why do we call him a great man? His country had
+honored him by choosing him to fill positions of trust, he was a
+scholar, a brilliant writer and eloquent speaker. Perhaps any one of
+these things would have made him what men call great, but this which has
+been said of him is worth more than position, scholarship, or eloquence:
+"he will longest be remembered as one whose every word and gesture was
+untiringly and grandly employed in animating his hearers to the best and
+loftiest ends."
+
+There have been other men gifted in speech, with power of swaying the
+minds of the multitudes who came to listen to their eloquence, of whom
+this could not be said. Men who when called by their countrymen to use
+their power for the country's good, have thought more of furthering
+their own selfish purposes than of a nation's honor and prosperity, have
+thought more of the applause of the admiring throng than of the
+uplifting of the human race. Shall we not then give honor to one who so
+cheerfully laid aside his own cherished plans, ever ready to serve the
+public, doing his work so well in varied capacities, and of whom it
+could be said that "the annals of the country must be searched in vain
+to find one who had done more to advance every public interest and
+patriotic cause?"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+FARRAGUT, DAVID GLASGOW.
+
+
+The portrait of Admiral Farragut presents to view one of the finest
+faces I have ever seen; it is a face I would choose to hang upon the
+walls where you boys could look upon it every day of your lives. Even
+the pictures upon our walls are our educators; they help to make us what
+we are; then let us hang up the faces of the good, the noble and the
+true. Let us choose carefully, that only pure and ennobling influences
+may be thus shed into our hearts.
+
+David Glasgow Farragut was descended from an old Spanish family, one of
+the conquerors of earlier times, a Don Pedro. His mother was of a good
+old Scotch family, and it may be that he inherited from one side that
+adventurous, fearless nature which carried him through so many
+victories, and from the other side that sturdy independence and grand
+faith which was so characteristic of him. When quite a boy he entered
+the United States Navy as a midshipman. His father was an army officer,
+and Admiral Farragut tells the story of his own greatest victory in life
+in this way. He had accompanied his father upon one occasion as cabin
+boy. He says:
+
+"I had some qualities which I thought made a man of me. I could swear,
+drink a glass of grog, smoke, and was great at a game of cards. One day
+my father said to me, as we were alone in the cabin, 'David, what do you
+intend to be?'
+
+"'I mean to follow the sea!'
+
+"'Follow the sea! Yes, be a poor miserable drunken sailor before the
+mast, kicked and cuffed about the world, and die in some fever hospital
+in a foreign clime.'
+
+"'No,' I said, 'I'll tread the quarter deck and command as you do.'
+
+"'No, David; no boy ever trod the quarter deck with such principles as
+you have and such habits as you exhibit. You'll have to change your
+whole course of life if you become a man.'
+
+"My father left me and went on deck. I was stung with the rebuke and the
+mortification--was that to be my fate, as he had pictured it? I said,
+'I'll never utter another oath! I'll never drink another drop of
+intoxicating liquor! I'll never gamble!'"
+
+And those vows he kept until his dying day. This was when he was ten
+years old, and though he lived to be a great naval commander and won
+many victories, I think you will agree with me that this was the
+greatest of all. You know that "he that ruleth his spirit is greater
+than he that taketh a city." And, too, without this triumph over his own
+spirit, do you think he would have won those other battles which have
+made him famous?
+
+During the Civil War he was put in command of an expedition against New
+Orleans and soon compelled that city to surrender. For this service he
+was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral. It was two years later that,
+as has been said, "he tilled up the measure of his fame by the victory
+of Mobile Bay." In the heat of the conflict the admiral lashed himself
+high in the rigging of his flag ship, so that he could overlook the
+scene and direct the movements of his fleet. If you wish to see the
+brave old man in the supreme moment of his life, you must read the
+account of that battle. He himself said, in speaking of the moment when
+to hesitate was to lose all and to go forward seemed destruction, and he
+had prayed, "O, thou Creator of man who gave him reason, guide me now.
+Shall I continue on, or must I go back? A voice then thundered in my
+ear, 'Go on!' and I felt myself relieved from further responsibility,
+for I knew that God himself was leading me on to victory."
+
+He was honored by receiving the thanks of Congress for his services and
+by promotion. But worn out with his severe labors in the service of his
+country he was soon called to the higher reward. His work was done. His
+last victory was the victory over death, for he died the death of the
+Christian; the God whose guidance he invoked in the midst of the smoke
+and din of battle, gave dying grace to the old hero. He was born in East
+Tennessee, in 1801, and died at Portsmouth, N.H., in 1870. We are told
+that from boyhood he was thoughtful, earnest and studious. He was one of
+the best linguists in the Navy, and whenever his duties took him to
+foreign ports he spent his spare moments in acquiring the language of
+the natives. His eyes were somewhat weak and the members of his family
+were kept busy reading to him, in those times when he was off duty. He
+was thoroughly versed in all matters relating to his profession. The
+study of the character of a man like Admiral Farragut will be a help to
+any boy in the formation of his own character. The grandeur and nobility
+of mind, the bravery and steadfastness of soul manifested in his public
+life are an example to the boys of the present day.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE.
+
+
+Gordon, Grant, Greeley, Garfield, Gladstone--such an array of names as
+sound in my ears when I think of this alphabetical list of great men! We
+have come to a letter that is prolific in subjects, and it is hard to
+choose. I would like to have you study the characters of the great men
+whose names I have written down above and there are others--great men
+whose initial letter is "G"--Gough, Garrison, Garibaldi--indeed there
+seems to be no end to the list! At present we will speak of only one. I
+have headed the list with the name of Gordon, not intentionally, but it
+seemed to come first. Was that because he is greatest? Perhaps not. My
+boys, there are noble men in this list, some of them your own
+countrymen, who have done much for humanity.
+
+General Charles George Gordon was an Englishman, but his fame has gone
+into all the earth; his example, his Christian faith and courage, is
+ours to emulate. He belonged to a military family and was educated for
+the army, entered his country's service at twenty-one, and distinguished
+himself in the Crimean War. Afterwards he was attached to an expedition
+of the French and English into China at a time when there was a
+rebellion in progress, and upon application of the Chinese government to
+the English for an officer to lead their forces in suppressing this
+rebellion, Lieutenant Gordon was appointed to the command, and it was at
+that time that he began to be called "Chinese Gordon," a name by which
+he has been widely known. He was successful in suppressing the revolt
+which is known as the Tai-ping Rebellion. The Chinese government were
+loud in their expressions of esteem and gratitude and would have
+rewarded him right royally, if he would have accepted the reward of
+money; as it was, they gave him "a yellow riding-jacket to be worn on
+his person, and a peacock's feather to be carried in his cap; also four
+suits of uniform proper to his rank in token of their favor and desire
+to do him honor."
+
+[Illustration: CHARLES GEORGE GORDON.]
+
+As he refused their money, the leading officials called upon the British
+ambassador and desired to know what would please the man who had done so
+much for them and would not be rewarded. They were puzzled over the
+conduct of a man who seemed to be prompted by a motive other than
+military glory or pecuniary reward. There has been printed a letter
+written to his mother about this time which shows a strong regard for
+his parents' feelings and wishes and a desire to put down the rebellion
+for the good of humanity. It was several years later that he was
+appointed English governor of the Soudan. He was offered a large salary,
+but would accept only a moderate sum. This position gave him an
+opportunity of fighting the slave trade. He sailed up the Nile to
+Khartoum, and from that city he went still farther into the interior of
+Africa, into the midst of a people so degraded and wretched that he
+wrote "what a mystery, is it not, why they were created! A life of fear
+and misery night and day!" And it was his happiness to minister to the
+needs of these people.
+
+It is said that he gave away more than half of his small salary to
+soften the lot of the poor creatures, and he was so kind and gentle
+with them and so considerate of their needs, that unused as they were to
+a governor who treated them with kindness, they became devoted to him,
+proving over again that kindness will win even a savage heart.
+
+During the few years he remained governor of the Soudan he was earnest
+in his fight against the slave dealers and accomplished much, but
+because the Khedive from whom he received his appointment did not
+support his measures, he finally resigned and returned to England. It
+was a sad day for the Soudan when he left; I have not time to tell you
+how affairs in that far-off country grew worse and worse, until in
+January, 1884, General Gordon was sent the second time to command the
+Soudan. It is said his coming was welcomed by the people who remembered
+his former kindness and that they "fell on their knees before him and
+kissed his hand as he passed along the streets." Many of you have read
+how the brave General was at length driven into Khartoum and forced to
+cut off from communication with the outside world. And finally relief
+being delayed the city was taken by the rebels and General Gordon
+killed. Thus in following the path of duty he went straight to his
+death. He fell in the city which he had sought to defend. He died at his
+post.
+
+Boys, the life and death of this man may teach valuable lessons. There
+is always an attraction in stories of the exploits of a brave soldier,
+but when you can write after that word brave the other and best
+adjective of all, _Christian_, we seem to have passed the highest
+eulogy. General Gordon was eminently religious. It is said of him that
+he read scarcely anything but the Bible; and that "he was simply a
+Christian with his whole heart, and his religion went into the minutest
+details of his life."
+
+Once when waiting in loneliness and weariness on the Upper Nile, for
+steamers which were delayed, he wrote: "I ask God not to have anything
+of this world come between him and me; and not to let me fear death, or
+feel regret if it comes before I complete my programme. Thank God, he
+gives me the most comforting assurance that nothing shall disturb me or
+come between him and me."
+
+Whatever may be our political opinions, whatever we may think of the
+work he was set to do, and in doing which he lost his life, we are sure
+of one thing, this man's devotion to duty was supreme and absolute. And
+death found him not shirking or hiding from duty and from danger, as
+ever fearless and bold, walking in the line of what he considered his
+duty. A chivalrous Christian soldier has ended his warfare, leaving
+behind a fragrant memory, a shining example of Christian faith. He
+believed in his Leader, and followed with implicit trust, seeking not
+for glory, yet his heroic death has covered his name with glory.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+HANNIBAL.
+
+
+Now we will go back through all the years that have rolled away since
+Christ came to dwell upon the earth for a time. And yet further back in
+the history of the world we will look for our great man. Two hundred and
+forty-seven years before Christ, so the chronicle runs, one of the
+greatest generals, and one of the most interesting characters of
+antiquity, was born at Carthage.
+
+And where is Carthage, does some one ask? Ah! we must ask, where _was_
+Carthage? your school maps of modern geography do not indicate the
+location of this ancient city, which was great and powerful, and
+situated upon the northern coast of Africa, near the site of the modern
+city of Tunis. In the annals of ancient history, Carthage figures
+largely, although no record of its early history has been discovered.
+The city was destroyed 146 B.C. Another Carthage was built upon the
+same site, which in its turn was destroyed 647 A.D.; and of this second
+Carthage we are told that "few vestiges of its ancient grandeur remain
+to indicate its site except some broken arches of a great aqueduct which
+was fifty miles long."
+
+At the time when our hero was born, the first Carthage was one of the
+two great and powerful cities of the world. It was about that time that
+Rome and Carthage began a war for the possession of the beautiful and
+rich island of Sicily. This was the first Punic War. The Carthagenians
+were defeated and obliged to give up the island to the Romans.
+
+Hamilcar, a Carthagenian general, burning with thoughts of revenge, took
+his young son Hannibal into the temple and made him lay his hand upon
+the altar and swear eternal enmity to Rome; thus the boy grew up with
+this one absorbing passion filling his young soul--hatred to the Romans.
+When his father died, he succeeded to the command of the armies, and
+soon engaged in what is known as the second Punic War. He led his army
+across Spain and crossed the Pyrenees and marched through Gaul. You see
+his object was to enter Italy from the North, but the Alps lifted their
+proud heads, seeming to be an insurmountable obstacle lying right in the
+path of this great army, like a long and frowning battlement. Would you
+not think the soldiers' hearts must have quailed as they looked up to
+the snow-capped peaks and realized that unless these were surmounted
+their expedition must fail!
+
+Four little words tell the story--"he crossed the Alps!" But how much of
+iron resolution, of endurance, of suffering, of loss of life, and of
+perseverance lies behind that sentence! Those who know the Alps, and who
+also know what it means to lead an army through difficult passes, tell
+us that it was an undertaking of tremendous magnitude, and it would not
+have seemed strange if after undergoing such fatigue and hardship, the
+army had been defeated by the Roman forces which awaited them at the
+foot of the southern slope. But this was not the case. Hannibal was the
+victor not only in many minor engagements, but at last he obtained a
+complete victory at a place called Cannæ, where he destroyed the Roman
+army. This battle has been considered his greatest exploit in the line
+of fighting. The spot where this bloody battle was fought is called the
+field of blood, and when we know that forty thousand men were slain
+there, we would almost expect to see even to this day, the soil stained
+with blood, and surely the stain if washed out of the soil cannot be
+washed out of the history of those nations.
+
+Hannibal is spoken of in history as one of the most extraordinary men
+that ever lived. His crossing the Alps, his generalship when opposed to
+disciplined and powerful forces, his sustaining himself in the enemy's
+country for fifteen years, with a large army without calling upon his
+own country for aid, his power over his forces, which were made up of
+different nationalities, holding them subject to his authority, and
+keeping down discontent and mutiny, show him to have possessed
+remarkable powers and great genius. In his unflinching enmity to Rome he
+was true to the teachings of his childhood. From his babyhood he had
+been taught this lesson, that he must hate this enemy of his country,
+and to lift Carthage to a height of power and wealth above Rome, was the
+aim of his life. He knew that unless Rome could be destroyed there was
+always danger for Carthage. They were rivals and one or the other must
+go down and this was why he waged such an uncompromising war against
+Rome.
+
+But our hero who set out to conquer Rome was at last conquered. After
+many years of success in Italy, a danger threatened his own Carthage.
+The Romans had determined to carry the war into Africa; and Hannibal was
+obliged to hasten home to defend the city. He met the Roman forces under
+Scipio at Zama, and was defeated and forced to sue for peace. He would
+not have yielded, but his countrymen compelled him to accept the terms
+which Rome offered, humiliating though they were. After this, troubles
+followed him, and finally when he was about sixty-five years old the
+Romans having gained in power and supremacy demanded his surrender, he
+fled from Carthage, and at last seeing no hope of escape or relief, he
+killed himself by opening a little cup hidden in a ring, containing a
+drop of poison, which he swallowed.
+
+While we cannot approve his course, knowing as we do, in this Christian
+age, that there are better things to live and labor for than the
+carrying out of a plan of revenge and hostility towards an enemy, we
+must admire many things in the character of Hannibal. His courage, his
+patriotism, his unflinching devotion to the cause he had sworn to live
+and die for and his faithfulness to what he believed to be his duty, or
+as he would probably have expressed it his destiny. We must pity him
+that when he had grown old, disappointed and discouraged, he had no
+other resource in his troubles but to plunge himself into an unknown
+world by his own act. In those days of darkness, before the light of the
+Gospel was shed upon the world, it was considered a brave act to take
+one's own life when irretrievable disaster had befallen. While learning
+our lessons from the admirable traits in our hero's character, be
+thankful that we have that light.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+IRVING, WASHINGTON.
+
+
+Among the memoirs of my childhood none are more vivid than those
+connected with the school which I attended up to my tenth year; the
+schoolhouse, the teachers, the scholars, but above all the school books
+are well remembered. That was a proud and happy morning somewhere about
+my eighth birthday when I first carried my new American Manual to
+school. Now you are puzzled; you have no idea what sort of a book that
+was. They went out of use long ago, though in this district of which I
+write the old books were retained longer than in many more favored
+sections. The American Manual was a book of selections of prose and
+verse for the use of reading classes, and it was through that old book,
+that I became familiar with the name and writings of Washington Irving.
+My first lesson in pathos was "The Widow's Son;" the sad story of
+"George Somers" impressed me strongly and helped to form a taste for
+that kind of reading. There was no biographical sketch of the author in
+those old books, and it was not till long afterwards that I learned
+anything about the writer of one of my favorite sketches.
+
+Washington Irving was a native of New York City. He was of Scotch
+descent and early orphaned; in consequence of the death of his father
+his education was conducted by his older brothers, himself being the
+youngest son of the family. It is said that he was once in the presence
+of General George Washington for whom he was named, and that the great
+man patted the little boy on the head upon that occasion. From this you
+will have some idea of when our author lived. He was born in 1783, and
+you will remember that General Washington did not die until 1799, so
+that it is not impossible that this story may be true. As to what that
+august patting may have had to do with his future career, I cannot
+guess, though he might thereby have been inspired with a lofty ambition.
+
+[Illustration: WASHINGTON IRVING.]
+
+I am sorry to have to tell you that as a schoolboy Washington Irving was
+more fond of reading stories and books of travel than of the study of
+his lessons; indeed it is hinted that he read his favorite books slyly,
+during study hours. However that may be, he managed to pick up
+considerable knowledge of books and of the art of composition, though he
+did not at first choose literature as a profession, but took up the law
+and failing in this he undertook commercial pursuits; making a failure
+in this line also, he seemed driven into literature which had heretofore
+been only a pastime. I have spoken of a pathetic sketch which struck my
+childish fancy; but perhaps Irving is quite as well known through his
+humorous writings as any. "The History of New York by Diedrick
+Knickerbocker" has been called "the most original and humorous work of
+the age." He spent much time abroad and was honored by the friendship of
+even crowned heads and received many honors; among these was a gold
+medal bestowed by the British crown for eminence in historical
+composition.
+
+Irving never married, and when a little past fifty he settled at his
+country home, "Sunnyside," on the Hudson, his sister and her family his
+companions. But for all his devotion to a country life, Irving soon
+after accepted the office of Minister to the Court of Spain, and left
+his beautiful Sunnyside to spend four years at Madrid. During these four
+years he wrote delightful letters to his friends at home, telling his
+nieces who doted on their uncle, all about the dress and manners of the
+Spanish ladies.
+
+He returned home in 1846 to spend the remainder of his life in
+retirement, occupying himself upon his last and greatest work, _The Life
+of Washington_, the fifth volume of which appeared just before the
+author's death in 1859. We may not know the secrets of his life, but his
+biographers tell us that the lady whom he expected to marry died early
+and that he mourned her loss always and that upon his death bed his
+thoughts turned towards his early love. He was fond of horseback riding
+and kept up the habit of taking long rides until he was an old man, and
+one day, when he was about seventy, he was thrown from his horse,
+receiving severe injuries. However, he seemed to recover from the
+effects of this fall and lived to be seventy-six years old, failing
+gradually until the end came; the light went out and one of our greatest
+American writers had crossed over to the other side.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+JUDSON, ADONIRAM.
+
+        IN MEMORIAM.
+   REV. ADONIRAM JUDSON.
+     BORN AUG. 9, 1788,
+    DIED APRIL 12, 1850.
+   MALDEN HIS BIRTHPLACE
+  THE OCEAN HIS SEPULCHRE.
+   CONVERTED BURMANS, AND
+     THE BURMAN BIBLE,
+       HIS MONUMENT.
+   HIS RECORD IS ON HIGH.
+
+
+This tells the story; indeed it tells the story of all of us. We are
+born, we die, and the years which are counted in between the two dates,
+filled with the work we do, whether we do good or evil, make up our
+record, and stand as our monument, or if we have not built well lie as a
+tumbling mass of ruins.
+
+The inscription which I have copied is cut upon a marble tablet erected
+in the church in the town where the Missionary Judson was born. If we
+had only that record our imagination would fill it out. But we are not
+left to fancy him growing up an earnest Christian, going out in his
+young manhood to a heathen land preaching and translating the Gospel and
+at length dying on shipboard. We have a complete record of his life and
+we learn that he was the son of a New England clergyman. That he was an
+unusually bright boy and learned to read the Bible when he was three
+years old! One incident of his boyhood is rather amusing. He was very
+fond of solving riddles and puzzles; and on one occasion when he had
+worked some time over a newspaper puzzle and succeeding in solving it,
+had copied out his answer and carried it to the post-office. But the
+postmaster gave the letter to the boy's father, fearing that some
+mischief was brewing. The father with his accustomed courtesy and sense
+of propriety would not break the seal, but commanded his son to open and
+read the letter. The father called for the newspaper containing the
+puzzle and studied the boy's work. But he said nothing then or ever
+after either of reproof or commendation, but the next day he informed
+Adoniram that as he was so apt at solving riddles he had purchased for
+him a book of puzzles, and that as soon as he had solved all it
+contained he should have one more difficult. The boy was delighted; what
+boy who delights in riddles and puzzles would not be delighted with a
+new book of puzzles! But imagine if you can the boy's disappointment
+when he discovered the book to be a school text book on arithmetic!
+
+Well, arithmetic sometimes proves a puzzle, even to bright boys. He was
+always a faithful student. He graduated at Brown University with the
+highest honors, being the valedictorian at commencement. So exemplary
+was his course while in college that the college president wrote to his
+father a letter of congratulation upon having such an amiable and
+promising son.
+
+A year after graduation young Judson entered a theological seminary. At
+the time when he dedicated himself to the service of God, he consecrated
+himself to the work of preaching the Gospel. But it was some time
+afterwards that he began to think about being a missionary. A printed
+missionary sermon preached in England was the means of turning his
+thoughts to the heathen. One day while walking alone in the woods
+meditating and lifting his heart to God in prayer for direction, the
+command "Go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every
+creature," came to him with a new power and meaning, and he then
+resolved to obey the command. I suppose you have all heard the story of
+the haystack prayer-meeting, when four young men consecrated themselves
+to the work of carrying the Gospel to the heathen. About the time that
+Mr. Judson gave himself up to the work, he was thrown into the society
+of these four young men and together they planned as to ways and means
+of carrying out their purpose.
+
+There were many and great difficulties in the way of carrying out their
+scheme. You may wonder why the way should have been so difficult; there
+was at that time no foreign missionary society in America to send them
+into heathen lands. You must remember that it was seventy-five years ago
+that these young Christians were fired with the spirit of missions, and
+though it may seem strange to you, it is a fact that the Christian
+people of our land had not yet had their attention turned to the work of
+foreign missions. The command "Go into all the world," had not reached
+their hearts; though the words of Christ had stood in their place in the
+record of our Saviour's life, yet their meaning had not yet dawned upon
+the hearts of his followers. And I fear that even now in our own day
+there are many Christians who overlook the words or read them without
+thought of their full meaning.
+
+It was when the desire of these students was brought before the
+association of Congregational churches of Massachusetts that the matter
+was considered by that body, and as the result the board of
+commissioners for foreign missions was organized. In weakness and with
+many misgivings this "mother of American foreign missionary societies"
+was organized, but it has grown to be a power in the world of missions.
+Afterwards Mr. Judson became a Baptist, and together with a Mr. Rice set
+in motion events which led to the formation of the American Baptist
+Missionary Union, another society in the interests of the foreign work.
+
+At length after many trials and a long wearisome journey Mr. Judson and
+his wife found themselves in Burmah, which was to be the field of their
+labors. For nearly forty years this devoted man labored to light up that
+dark country with the Gospel light. Perhaps the most important work of
+his whole life was the translation of the Scriptures into Burmese. In
+his autobiographical notes are two brief records which stand for years
+of hard labor:
+
+"1832, December 15, sent to press the last sheet of the New Testament in
+Burmese;" and, "1834, January 31, finished the translation of the Old
+Testament."
+
+While the work of translation was going on, when the New Testament was
+about completed, Doctor Judson was at Ava, the capital of the Burman
+Empire; war had broken out between Burmah and England, and as a
+foreigner, Doctor Judson was arrested and thrown into prison. At first
+he was put into the death prison, but afterwards was removed to an outer
+prison, but was kept heavily ironed. Mrs. Judson, alarmed for the safety
+of the manuscript, buried it under the house.
+
+But at length she was permitted to see her husband, and fearing that the
+dampness of the soil would destroy the manuscript they devised means for
+its preservation. Mrs. Judson made a sort of pillow, not at all
+luxurious, lest some one should envy him and take it away; but she sewed
+the manuscript up in matting, and for months Doctor Judson slept with
+the precious pillow under his head. At one time when the prisoners were
+thrust again into the inner prison, everything was taken from them and
+the missionary feared that he should never again see his beloved
+manuscript. But the pillow proved so hard that the jailer threw it back
+into the prison, doubtless thinking that if the prisoner could find any
+comfort in that, he was welcome to it. Once again the precious package
+was taken from him and this time thrown away. But the Providence that
+watches over all the interests of his children put it into the heart of
+a Burmese convert to pick it up as a souvenir of his beloved missionary
+teacher whom he supposed was about to be put to death, never dreaming
+that it contained anything of value; and months afterwards he restored
+it to Doctor Judson. And in due time it was printed and given to the
+Burman world as a precious legacy from one who loved them more than
+life.
+
+In all the years of his missionary labor Doctor Judson visited his
+native land but once. He brought three children to America to be
+educated and himself after a short sojourn returned to his work. But his
+arduous labors, together with his intense sufferings during the period
+of imprisonment, had enfeebled his constitution, and three years after
+his return he died on shipboard as he was taking a short voyage in
+search of health, and was buried at sea.
+
+Doctor Judson's life of consecration, his self renunciation, can but
+influence the hearts of all who make it a study. I have heard of a young
+man who was so impressed upon reading the life of this wonderful man,
+that he went out into a field and there alone with Christ gave himself
+up to the service of the Lord. The era of foreign missionary work began
+with the hour when the few Christian students at Williams and Andover
+gave themselves to the work.
+
+A conscientious decision may revolutionize the world.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+KNOX, JOHN.
+
+
+I want to take you back to the sixteenth century, into rugged Scotland,
+and into the rugged times of that period of its history. I want to
+introduce to you a man of whom it was said, "No grander figure can be
+found in the history of the Reformation in this island, than that of
+Knox."
+
+John Knox was a boy when the Reformation movement began in Germany;
+indeed it was ten years after that when he was ordained a priest. It was
+twelve years later that he avowed himself a Protestant, and thus
+incurred the wrath of the Cardinal. He was of course obliged to withdraw
+from St. Andrew's, where he held the position of teacher, and seek a
+place of refuge. This he found with a friend named Hugh Douglass. And
+the old ruins of the chapel at that place are still called "Knox's
+Kirk." One of his beloved friends was tried and condemned to the stake
+for heresy. The Cardinal whose anger he had roused was killed about that
+time, and Knox was suspected of having a hand in it; and, having been
+tried, was condemned to the galleys. For about a year he suffered as a
+prisoner and from illness. After he was set free he went to a town on
+the borders of England, were he succeeded in turning the hearts of many
+to the views of the Reformers. Always as he had opportunity he defended
+the cause of the Reformation.
+
+He was raised to a post of honor by King Edward, receiving the
+appointment of King's Chaplain. He was offered a bishopric, but declined
+that honor. At Edward's death he was again in danger. Because the new
+sovereign was not in sympathy with the views which he was advocating,
+and not thinking it wise to throw away his life, he went to the
+Continent; he was for a time pastor of a church in Geneva, he became a
+friend of Calvin and spent two or three peaceful years.
+
+When he returned to England the Scottish clergy burned him in effigy,
+and he was not well received even in England. Elizabeth was now upon the
+throne, but this did not seem to make matters much better for Knox.
+
+Now I cannot tell you in the little space given me about the stormy
+times that followed his return to Scotland. He believed that the time
+had come when the Reformation in Scotland must be established, and he
+fought bravely with tongue and pen for its success. The young and
+beautiful queen of Scotland tried her powers of pleasing upon the heroic
+man who had dared to speak plainly of the sins even of the court. "But
+the faces of angry men could not move him, neither could the beauty of
+the young queen charm him, nor her tears melt him." He continued to
+preach according to his convictions, and kept it up with no lessening of
+power until a short time before his death. But about 1570 his strength
+declined; but though growing weaker physically, he seemed to lose none
+of his intellectual and spiritual vigor. He spoke in public for the last
+time November 9, 1572, and died on the twenty-fourth of the same month,
+holding up his hand to testify of his adherence to the faith for which
+he had lived and preached and toiled, and in which he was now dying. I
+think the more you study the character of this man, the more you will
+admire it. If he seemed rough, remember he lived in rough times. If he
+was intolerant, it was an age of intolerance, and his intolerance was
+exercised only where he felt that the truth was assailed.
+
+Carlyle says: "Nothing hypocritical, foolish or untrue can find harbor
+in this man; a pure and manly, silent tenderness of affection is in him;
+touches of genial humor are not wanting under his severe austerity. A
+most clear-cut, hardy, distinct and effective man; fearing God without
+any other fear. There is in Knox throughout the spirit of an old Hebrew
+prophet-spirit almost altogether unique among modern men."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+LINCOLN, ABRAHAM.
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MR. LINCOLN AND TAD.]
+
+Of course; who should it be if not our Lincoln? The name is a household
+word in all our homes, and I doubt if I can tell you anything which you
+do not already know about this great man; the story of his life and his
+deeds are familiar to every schoolboy. His features are well known to
+you all, for there is scarcely a home that has not his portrait upon its
+walls.
+
+In 1809 Abraham Lincoln was born in a lonely cabin on the banks of a
+small river or creek in Kentucky; born to poverty, hardship and
+obscurity, born to rise from obscurity, through poverty, hardship and
+toil to the highest point of an American boy's ambition. He early
+learned the meaning of privation and self-denial. The accounts of his
+early life are somewhat meagre, but he has told us himself that he had
+only about one year of school-life. Think of that, you boys who are
+going steadily forward year after year, from the primary school through
+all the intermediate grades up to the advanced, then to the academy,
+thence to college, and afterwards to law and divinity schools, think of
+Abraham Lincoln's school privileges and be thankful for your own. And
+more, show your appreciation by your improvement of your advantages.
+
+[Illustration: LINCOLN'S EARLY HOME IN KENTUCKY.]
+
+Like many of our great men, Lincoln was what we style a self-made man,
+and yet it seems that he owed something of his making to his stepmother.
+His own mother died when he was a small boy, and the new mother who
+sometime after came into the family was very helpful to the boy,
+encouraging him in his love of books, and under her guidance he became a
+great reader, devouring every book he could lay his hands upon. Did it
+ever occur to you that it might be an advantage to some of us if we had
+fewer books? Driven back again and again to the few, we should read them
+more carefully and make the thoughts our own, and perhaps the stock of
+ideas gathered from books would even exceed that which we gain from the
+multitude of books we have in these days of bookmaking. Whether you read
+much or little, few books or many, boys, read with careful thought.
+Take in and digest thoroughly the thoughts presented to you.
+
+[Illustration: LINCOLN'S FIRST HOUSE IN ILLINOIS.]
+
+Well, this young man had but few books, but he seems to have laid by a
+number of ideas which should develop in time into acts which were to
+startle the world and overthrow existing institutions. He worked through
+his early manhood and boyhood with his hands, sometimes on a farm,
+sometimes as a clerk in a country store. Now as a boatman, now at
+clearing up and fencing a farm.
+
+It was while engaged in this last-mentioned employment that he earned
+the title afterwards given him in derision by his political opponents,
+"The rail splitter;" but I suspect that he could have answered as did
+the boy who in the days of prosperity was taunted with having been a
+bootblack, "Didn't I do it well?"
+
+At length the way opened--or, as I think, he by his exertions forced a
+way to study law, and he began his practice of the profession in
+Springfield, Ill.
+
+I ought to have told you, however, that before his admission to the bar
+he served in the Black Hawk War as captain of a company of volunteers.
+He soon gained distinction as a lawyer, but presently became interested
+in politics.
+
+[Illustration: FLATBOAT.]
+
+And from that time his history is closely identified with that of his
+country. To tell you of the leading incidents even of his career would
+be to give you in a nutshell the history of the United States for that
+period. His noted contest with Stephen A. Douglas, his election to the
+presidency, his re-election, his celebrated Emancipation Proclamation,
+all these matters belong to the story of the stirring events of those
+years of our history. Then came the sad ending of this noble life; the
+cruel assassination of the beloved President, and the great man of the
+time.
+
+Boys, you who have studied his character, can you tell me what made
+Abraham Lincoln great?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE.
+
+
+Long before he reached the pinnacle of his fame, Samuel Finley Breese
+Morse passed many quiet summer hours on the pleasant wooded borders of
+the ravine overlooking the peaceful Sconondoah; and even to this day if
+you wander through the beautiful Sconondoah wood and hunt out its
+sequestered nooks, you will find here and there, cut deep in the rugged
+bark of old forest trees, the initials S.F.B.M., carved by his hand more
+than half a century ago.
+
+Professor Morse was born at Charlestown, Mass., in 1791. He was the son
+of a Congregational clergyman, who was the author of a series of school
+geographies familiar to our fathers and mothers in their schooldays. He
+was educated at Yale College, and, intending to become a painter, went
+to London to study art under Benjamin West; but becoming interested in
+scientific studies he was for many years president of the National
+Academy of Design in New York. He resided abroad three or four years. On
+returning home in 1832 the conversation of some gentlemen on shipboard
+in regard to an experiment which had recently been tried in Paris with
+the electro-magnet, interested him and started a train of thought which
+gave him the conception of the idea of the telegraph. The question arose
+as to the length of time required for the fluid to pass through a wire
+one hundred feet long. Upon hearing the answer, that it was
+instantaneous, the thought suggested itself to Prof. Morse that it might
+be carried to any distance and be the means of transmitting
+intelligence. Acting upon the thought, he set to work, and before the
+ship entered New York harbor had conceived and made drawings of the
+telegraph. He plodded on through weary years endeavoring to bring his
+invention to perfection, meeting on every hand jeers and ridicule and
+undergoing many painful reverses in fortune; but for his indomitable
+will, he would have given up his project long before he succeeded in
+bringing it before the public, for all thought it a wild scheme which
+would amount to nothing.
+
+In 1838 he applied to Congress for aid that he might form a line of
+communication between Washington and Baltimore. Congress was quite
+disposed to regard the scheme a humbug. But there was a wire stretched
+from the basement of the Capitol to the ante-room of the Senate Chamber,
+and after watching "the madman," as Prof. Morse was called, experiment,
+the committee to whom the matter was referred decided that it was not a
+humbug, and thirty thousand dollars was appropriated, enabling him to
+carry out his scheme. Over these wires on the 24th of May, 1844, he sent
+this message from the rooms of the U.S. Supreme Court to Baltimore:
+"What hath God wrought!" and connected with this message is quite a
+pretty little story. Having waited in the gallery of the Senate Chamber
+till late on the last night of the session to learn the fate of his
+bill, while a Senator talked against time, he at length became
+discouraged, and confident that the measure would not be reached that
+night went to his lodgings and made preparations to return to New York
+on the morrow. The next morning, at breakfast, a card was brought to
+him, and upon going to the parlor he found Miss Annie Ellsworth, the
+daughter of the Commissioner of Patents, who said she had come to
+congratulate him upon the passage of his bill. In his gladness he
+promised Miss Ellsworth that as she had been the one to bring him the
+tidings, she should be the first to send a message over the wires. And
+it was at her dictation that the words, "What hath God wrought?" were
+sent.
+
+Success was now assured; honors and riches were his, and those who had
+been slow to believe in the utility of his invention were now proud of
+their countryman and delighted to do him homage. Upon going abroad again
+he was received more as a prince than as a plain American citizen, kings
+and their subjects giving him honor. It may be believed that even in his
+wildest flights of fancy Professor Morse did not dream of the rapid
+spread of the use of his invention, or look forward to the time within a
+few years, when the telegraph wires would weave together the ends of the
+world and form a network over the entire Continent.
+
+A few years ago, the only telegraph wire in China was one about six
+miles in length, stretching from Shanghai to the sea, and used to inform
+the merchants of the arrival of vessels at the mouth of the river. A
+line from Pekin to Tientsin was opened a short time since. The capital
+of Southern China is in communication with the metropolis of the North,
+and as Canton was connected by telegraph with the frontier of Tonquin at
+the outbreak of the late political troubles, the telegraph wires now
+stretch from Pekin to the most southern boundary of the Chinese Empire,
+and China, ever slow to adopt foreign ideas, is crossed and re-crossed
+by wires; we may say the thought which came to Prof. Morse upon that
+memorable voyage has reached out and taken in the whole world.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+NEWTON, SIR ISAAC.
+
+
+"Every body in nature attracts every other body with a force directly as
+its mass and inversely as the square of its distance." This has been
+called "The magnificent theory of universal gravitation which was the
+crowning glory of Newton's life." I doubt not many of you have struggled
+manfully with this law as laid down in your school-books, and, having
+conquered it, and fixed the principle in your minds to stay, you may
+like to know something about the philosopher himself. In 1642, a puny,
+sickly baby was supposed to be moaning away its young life in
+Lincolnshire, England.
+
+[Illustration: SIR ISAAC NEWTON.]
+
+This child's name was Isaac Newton. He belonged to a country gentleman's
+family. His father having died, his mother's second marriage occasioned
+the giving of the child into the care of his grandmother. As he grew
+older he gained in health and was sent to school. Having inherited a
+small estate, as soon as he had acquired an education which was
+considered sufficient to enable him to attend to the duties of one in
+his position, he was removed from school and entrusted with the
+management of his estate. However, this young Newton developed a
+passion for mathematical studies which led him to neglect the business
+connected with his estate. He busied himself in the construction of toys
+illustrating the principles of mechanics. These were not the clumsy work
+which might be expected from the hands of a schoolboy, but were finished
+with exceeding care and delicacy. It is said there is still in existence
+two at least of these toys; one is an hour-glass kept in the rooms of
+the Royal Society in London.
+
+Isaac Newton's mother was a wise woman in that she did not discourage
+his desire for the pursuing of his studies and for investigation. She
+did not say, "Now, my son, you must put away these notions and attend to
+your business. You have a property here which it is your duty to manage
+and enjoy. You should find satisfaction in your position as a country
+squire and consider that you have no need of further study." On the
+contrary, this mother allowed her son to continue his studies; he was
+prepared for and entered the college at Cambridge when he was eighteen.
+From that period until his death, at eighty-five, he devoted himself
+unweariedly to mathematical and philosophical studies.
+
+You all know the story of the falling apple. He had been driven by the
+plague in London to spend some time at his country-seat in Woolstrop,
+and while resting one day in his garden he saw an apple fall to the
+ground. Suddenly the question occurred, "Why should the apple fall to
+the ground? Why, when detached from the branch, did it not fly off in
+some other direction?"
+
+And where do you suppose he found the answer? Read the first sentence of
+this article and see if _you_ find it there! The truth had been the
+controlling power of all the falling apples since the creation, but it
+had never before been understood or formulated; perhaps this discovery
+of the law of universal gravitation gave him more renown than all his
+other labors put together.
+
+He met with a sad misfortune, later, when, by the accidental upsetting
+of a lighted candle, the work of twenty years was destroyed. The story
+as told by a biographer is, that Sir Isaac left his pet dog alone in his
+study for a few moments, when the candle was overturned amongst the
+papers on the study table. It is further told as an evidence of the
+calmness and patience of the great man, that he only said, "Ah! Fido,
+you little know of the mischief you have done!"
+
+But although he was so quiet under the great loss, the trial was almost
+too much for him; for a time his health seemed to give way, and his
+mental powers suffered from the effects of the shock. He died in 1725,
+and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+OBOOKIAH, HENRY.
+
+
+A few years ago I copied from a marble slab, imbedded in the earth upon
+a grave in a quiet country cemetery at Cornwall, Ct., the following
+inscription:
+
+    Henry Obookiah of Owhyee,
+  Died February 17, 1818, aged 26.
+
+His arrival in this country gave rise to the Foreign Mission School of
+which he was a worthy member. He was once an idolator and designed for a
+Pagan priest; but by the grace of God, and by the prayers and
+instructions of pious friends, he became a Christian. He was eminent for
+piety and missionary zeal; was almost prepared to return to his native
+island to preach the Gospel when God called him. In his last moments he
+wept and prayed for his "Ow-hy-hee," but was submissive to the will of
+God and died without fear, with a heavenly smile on his face and glory
+in his soul.
+
+This remarkable young man was early made an orphan by the cruel massacre
+of both father and mother during a fearful struggle of two parties for
+the control of his native island, Hawaii. His younger brother was also
+slain while the boy of our sketch was endeavoring to save him by
+carrying him upon his back in his flight. Obookiah was taken prisoner
+and made a member of the family of the man who had murdered his parents.
+After a year or two he was discovered by an uncle, and his release from
+the hands of his enemy secured. His uncle was a priest and he entered
+upon the work of preparing his young nephew for the same service. This
+preparation was very different from the preparation of young men in
+Christian lands for the work of the Gospel ministry. One part of his
+duty was to learn and to repeat long prayers; sometimes he was forced to
+spend the greater part of the night in repeating these prayers in the
+temple before the idols. But Henry was not happy; he had seen his
+parents and little brother cruelly murdered, and thoughts of the
+terrible scene and of his own lonely and orphaned condition preyed upon
+his mind continually. But he had passed through still another sad
+experience. Before peace was restored in the island he was again taken
+prisoner together with his father's sister. He succeeded in making his
+escape the very day which had been appointed for his death. His aunt was
+killed by the enemy, and this made him feel more sad and lonely than
+before, and he resolved to leave the island, hoping that if he should
+succeed in getting away from the place where everything reminded him of
+his loss he might find peace if not happiness; and this is how he was to
+be brought under Christian influences in Christian America. He sailed
+with Captain Britnall and landed in New York in the year 1809. He
+remained for some time in the family of his friend the captain, at New
+Haven. Here he became acquainted with several of the students in Yale
+College, who were at once interested in this young foreigner. From one
+of these friends he learned to read and write.
+
+His appearance was not prepossessing or promising. His clothes were
+those of a rough sailor and his countenance dull and expressionless. But
+he soon showed that he was neither dull nor lacking in mental power.
+
+For some time, while Obookiah improved in the knowledge of English,
+making good progress in his studies, he was unwilling to hear any talk
+about the true God. He was amiable and quite willing to be taught, and
+drank in eagerly the instruction given on other subjects, but after some
+months he began to pray to the true God. He had a friend, also a
+Hawaiian and his first prayer in the presence of another was made in
+company with his friend. A copy of this prayer has been preserved and I
+copy it for you to show how even in the beginning of his own interest in
+Gospel truth, his thoughts turned towards his native country.
+
+"Great and eternal God--make heaven--make earth--make everything--have
+mercy on me--make me understand the Bible--make me good--great God, have
+mercy on Thomas--make him good--make Thomas and me go back to
+Hawaii--tell folks in Hawaii no more pray to stone god--make some good
+man go with me to Hawaii, tell folks in Hawaii about heaven"--
+
+From this time until he died his one longing was to go back to his early
+home and tell the people about God. He used to talk with his friend
+Thomas about it and plan the work. In his diary he wrote at one time:
+
+"We conversed about what we would do first at our return, how we should
+begin to teach our poor brethren about the religion of Jesus Christ. We
+thought we must first go to the king or else we must keep a school and
+educate the children and get them to have some knowledge of the
+Scriptures and give them some idea of God. The most thought that come
+into my mind was to leave all in the hand of Almighty God; as he seeth
+fit. The means may be easily done by us, but to make others believe, no
+one could do it but God only."
+
+In April, 1817, a Foreign Mission School was opened at Cornwall. And
+Obookiah became a pupil in this school, intending to finish his
+preparation for work among his own people as soon as practicable. A
+description of this Sandwich Islander as given of him at that time may
+be of interest: "He was a little less than six feet in height,
+well-proportioned, erect, graceful and dignified. His countenance had
+lost every trace of dullness, and was in an unusual degree sprightly and
+intelligent. His features were strongly marked, expressive of a sound
+and penetrating mind; he had a piercing eye, a prominent Roman nose,
+and a chin considerably projected. His complexion was olive, differing
+equally from the blackness of the African and the redness of the Indian.
+His black hair was dressed after the manner of Americans."
+
+As a scholar he was persevering and thorough. After he had gained some
+knowledge of English, he conceived the idea of reducing his native
+language to writing. As it was merely a spoken language, everything was
+to be done. He had succeeded in translating the Book of Genesis and made
+some progress in the work of making a grammar and dictionary. But the
+work he had planned was not to be finished by his own hand. Within a
+year from the time he entered the school at Cornwall he was called home.
+As recorded upon the marble slab, his last thoughts were for his native
+island; his last earthly longing was, that the Gospel might be preached
+to his own countrymen. One of our popular cyclopædias gives a brief
+mention of this remarkable young man and makes this statement: "He was
+the cause of the establishment of American Missions in the Sandwich
+Islands."
+
+To have so lived, and by his earnestness and zeal so inspired others
+that upon his death they were ready to take up and carry forward the
+work he had planned, was to have accomplished even more than he could
+had he been permitted to enter upon the work for which he was
+preparing.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+PENN, WILLIAM.
+
+
+The other day I was looking at a map of Philadelphia, and at once my
+thoughts went back to my schooldays and the primary geography in which
+occurred the question, "What can you say of Philadelphia?" And the
+answer, "It is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at
+right angles like the lines on a checker-board." And again, "What is
+Philadelphia sometimes called?" Answer, "The City of Brotherly Love."
+
+And now I wish I could set before you the calm, sweet, yet strong face
+of the man who founded and named this city, who truly desired it to be a
+city of love.
+
+William Penn was a native of London. He was born nearly a quarter of a
+century after the Pilgrims landed upon Plymouth Rock; he belonged to a
+good family, his father being Admiral Sir William Penn of the British
+Navy. It appears that the son was of a religious turn of mind, and when
+he was a boy of twelve years he believed himself to have been specially
+called to a life of holiness. He was very carefully educated, but he
+offended his father by joining the Quakers; indeed, it seems that
+several times in the course of his life his father became very much
+displeased with him, but a reconciliation always followed, and at last
+the Admiral left all his estate to the son who had been such a trial to
+him. While a student at the University, Penn and his Quaker friends
+rebelled against the authority of the college and was expelled. The
+occasion of the rebellion was in the matter of wearing surplices and of
+uncovering the head in the presence of superiors. You know that the
+Quakers always keep their hats on, thinking it wrong to show to man the
+honor which they consider belongs only to God.
+
+I cannot follow with you all the vicissitudes of Penn's life; after
+leaving the University he travelled upon the Continent. Afterwards he
+studied law in London; he became a soldier. This strikes us as being
+somewhat curious when we remember that the sect to which he belonged
+are opposed to war, and preach the doctrine of love and peace. However,
+he was not long in service, and meeting a noted Quaker preacher he
+became firmly fixed in his devotion to the society of Friends, and was
+ever after a strong advocate of its doctrines; nothing could turn him
+from the path he had chosen. He was several times imprisoned on account
+of his religious opinions and suffered persecution and abuse. Through
+all he adhered to his views, and stood by his Quaker friends in the dark
+days of persecution. He had inherited from his father a claim against
+the British Government of several thousand pounds, and in settlement of
+this claim he received a large tract of land in the then New World. With
+the title to the land he secured the privilege of founding a colony upon
+principles in accordance with his religious views. And in 1682 he came
+to America and laid the foundations not only of the City of Brotherly
+Love, but of the State of Pennsylvania. His object was to provide a
+place of refuge for the oppressed of his own sect, but all denominations
+were welcomed, and many Swedes as well as English people came. While
+other colonies suffered from the attacks of the Indians, for more than
+seventy years, so long as the colony was under the control of the
+Quakers, no Indian ever raised his hatchet against a Pennsylvania
+settler.
+
+Under a great elm-tree, long known as Penn's elm, he met the Indians in
+council, soon after his arrival in the territory which had been ceded to
+him.
+
+He said to them:
+
+"My friends, we have met on the broad pathway of good faith. We are all
+one flesh and blood. Being brethren, no advantage shall be taken on
+either side. Between us there shall be nothing but openness and love."
+
+And they replied, "While the rivers run and the sun shines, we will live
+in peace with the children of William Penn."
+
+It has been said that this is the only treaty never sworn to and never
+broken.
+
+William Penn lived to see his enterprise achieve a grand success.
+Philadelphia had grown to be a city of no small dimensions and no little
+importance. The colony had grown to be a strong, self-supporting State,
+capable of self-government.
+
+"I will found a free colony for all mankind," said William Penn. Were
+these the words of a great man?
+
+Unswerving integrity, undaunted courage, adherence to duty, and devotion
+to the service of God--are these the characteristics of a great man?
+
+Then William Penn may well be placed in our Alphabet of Great Men.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+QUINCY, JOSIAH.
+
+
+Counting back for five generations, we find in the Quincy family a
+Josiah. The great-great-grandfather of the present Josiah Quincy was a
+merchant, and we are told that he was a zealous patriot in Revolutionary
+times, and you all know that meant a great deal.
+
+His son, who was called Josiah Junior, became a celebrated lawyer, and
+was prominent as an advocate of liberty. It was he who with Samuel Adams
+addressed the people when the British ships anchored in Boston Harbor
+with the cargo of tea. But notwithstanding his reputation for
+patriotism, his action in defending the soldiers who fired upon the mob
+in what is known as the Boston Massacre, brought him into unpopularity.
+
+Yet I think that if you study the facts carefully, and weigh them well,
+you will see that although the presence of the British soldiers was an
+outrage, and justly obnoxious to the people, yet upon that occasion
+there was some excuse for their action. And John Adams and Josiah Quincy
+should not be condemned for undertaking their defence.
+
+Afterwards both did good service in the interest of Colonial
+Independence. Quincy went to England doing much to promote the good of
+his country.
+
+He died upon the homeward voyage in 1775, in sight of American shores.
+His son Josiah, three years old at the time of his father's death, was
+educated at Harvard University, became a lawyer, a member of Congress,
+and having filled acceptably various other offices, was at length
+elected President of Harvard, which position he held for fifteen years.
+He had a son Josiah, also a graduate of Harvard, and again the fifth
+Josiah in the line is a graduate of the same institution.
+
+There are other Quincys of this family who have attained celebrity;
+among these are Edmund Quincy, who was prominent in antislavery
+circles.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+RUSH, BENJAMIN.
+
+
+In 1885, all over this land, we celebrated a centennial. It was not in
+commemoration of a victory upon the battlefield, it was not the
+celebration of a victory, but rather as we observe with fitting
+ceremonies the anniversaries of the firing of the first guns in any
+contest of right against wrong, so in this last centennial year we
+commemorated the first booming of cannon in the great war against the
+rum traffic, the beginning of a war that is not ended yet; all along
+down the century the booming has been heard, and to-day this moral fight
+is waging fiercely.
+
+About one hundred and forty years before, near the city of Philadelphia,
+a boy named Benjamin Rush was growing up. It is said of him that as he
+advanced from childhood to boyhood his love of study was unusual,
+amounting to a passion. He graduated from Princeton College when only
+fifteen years old, and with high honors. He began the study of medicine
+in Philadelphia, but went abroad to complete his medical education and
+studied under the first physicians in Edinburgh, London and Paris; thus
+the best opportunities for gaining knowledge of his chosen profession
+were added to natural abilities and the spirit of research. He became a
+practising physician in Philadelphia, and was soon after chosen
+professor of chemistry in a medical college in the same city. While he
+is now at the distance of a century, best known as one who struck the
+first blow for temperance reform, yet it is interesting to know that
+when in 1776, he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of
+Pennsylvania, he was the mover of the first resolution to consider the
+expediency of a Declaration of Independence on the part of the American
+Colonies. He was made chairman of a committee appointed to consider the
+matter. Afterwards he was a member of the Continental Congress, and was
+one of the devoted band who in Independence Hall affixed their names to
+the immortal document which cut the colonies loose from their moorings
+and swung them out upon a sea of blood, to bring them at last into the
+harbor of freedom and independence. As was said of him at the meeting in
+Philadelphia, last year: "He was a great controlling force in all that
+pertained to the successful struggle of the colonies for national
+independence." We are told that "He was one of the most active, original
+and famous men of his times; an enthusiast, a philanthropist, a man of
+immense grasp in the work-day world, as well as a polished scholar, and
+a scientist of the most exact methods."
+
+He was interested in educational enterprises; he wrote upon epidemic
+diseases, and won great honor for himself, so that the kings of other
+lands bestowed upon him the medals which they are wont to give to those
+whom they desire to honor. And now let me quote again from one who
+appreciates the character of this truly great man:
+
+"This matchless physician, eminent scholar and pure patriot blent all
+his wise rare gifts in one tribute and cast them at the feet of his
+Master. He was a devout Christian."
+
+At length his soul was stirred within him as he witnessed the increasing
+evils of intemperance, and he wrote and published his celebrated essay
+upon "The Effects of ardent Spirits upon the Human Body and Mind, with
+an account of the means of preventing them, and of the remedies for
+curing them." This is said to have been the first temperance treatise
+ever published--the beginning of a temperance literature. So short a
+time ago, just one pamphlet of less than fifty pages; now, whole
+libraries of bound books, besides scores upon scores of pamphlets,
+leaflets and many periodicals devoted exclusively to the cause of
+temperance! and nearly three quarters of a century after this good man
+had gone to his rest, men and women from all over the land thronged the
+city of his birth "To recount the victories won in the war--and to
+strike glad hands of fellowship."
+
+And now what made Doctor Rush great? What is the best thing said of
+him?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+SAVONAROLA, GIROLAMO.
+
+
+Four hundred and thirty-four years--1452-1886. What wonderful events
+have been taking place all along through these years since the young
+Girolamo first saw the light! And I have been wondering what Savonarola
+would have said and done had he lived in this nineteenth century. He is
+spoken of as one whose soul was stirred by ardent faith which burned
+through all obstacles; as a fervid orator and as a sagacious ruler, who
+evolved order out of chaos; as one who to maintain his cause of reform
+braved single-handed the whole power of the Papacy. He is described as a
+serious, quiet child, early showing signs of mental power. The books
+which were his favorites would, I fear, be pronounced dry by the boys of
+to-day. But although he was given to solid reading, he was fond of
+music and poetry, and even wrote verses himself. He enjoyed solitude,
+and loved to wander alone along the banks of the River Po. I ought to
+have told you that his native city was Ferrara, in Italy. He was
+expected to succeed his grandfather who was an eminent physician, and
+with that end in view he was carefully trained. But as he grew older, he
+found himself growing to regard the thought with disfavor, and as time
+went on he became convinced that "his vocation was to cure men's souls
+instead of men's bodies." Yet he was for a long time restrained from
+entering upon the priesthood by regard for the hopes and desires of his
+parents. But at length after having made this his daily prayer, "Lord,
+teach me the way my soul must walk," the path of duty became clear and
+he, avoiding the painful farewells, slipped away from home one day when
+the rest of the family were absent at a festival, writing an
+affectionate note of explanation and farewell. He entered a monastery at
+Bologna, where he gave himself up to the work of special preparation for
+the duties of his profession.
+
+After some years he was sent to Florence to preach. At first his plain
+and severe denunciations of the prevailing sins of the time repelled
+the people who preferred to go where they could hear more polished and
+less conscience-awakening sermons, and Savonarola mourned over his
+apparent failure to reach the hearts of the multitude who were rushing
+on in the ways of sinful indulgence. But his soul was moved with zeal
+"for the redemption of the corrupt Florentines. He must, he would, stir
+them from their lethargy of sin." He was convinced that he was in the
+line of duty, and the more indifferent his hearers were the more anxious
+he grew for their awakening. Actuated by this motive he suddenly found
+his voice and revealed his powers as an orator. God had shown him how to
+reach men's hearts at last, and "he shook men's souls by his predictions
+and brought them around him in panting, awestruck crowds;" then at the
+close of his denunciations of sin, his voice would sink into tender
+pleading and sweetly he would speak of the infinite love and mercy of
+God the Father.
+
+After a time, St. Mark's Church would not hold the crowds which came to
+hear him and he was invited to preach in the Cathedral. He was now
+acknowledged as a power in Florence, and the great Lorenzo de' Medici
+who was then at the height of his fame as a ruler, was alarmed, and he
+sent a deputation of five of the leaders of the government to advise the
+monk to be more moderate in his preaching, hinting that trouble might
+follow a disregard of this advice. But the monk was unmoved. He replied,
+"Tell your master that although I am an humble stranger and he the
+city's lord, yet I shall remain and he will depart." He also declared
+that he owed his election to God, and not to Lorenzo, and to God alone
+would he render obedience.
+
+Lorenzo was very angry, but he tried to silence the monk by bribery, but
+Savonarola would not be bribed nor driven. He continued to preach with
+great fervor, denouncing sin in high places as well as in low. You know
+that in those times corruption had crept into the Church of Christ, and
+it was against these sins of the Church that his most scathing
+denunciations were hurled. He had many followers, and he pushed his
+reforms in Church and State. His enemies grew more bitter and fiercer.
+Remonstrances from those in authority had no effect. He was offered a
+cardinal's hat, but would not accept the conditions. He said, "I will
+have no hat but that of the martyr, red with mine own blood."
+
+And this was his fate; at last he was put to death in 1498. Almost his
+last words were, "You cannot separate me from the Church triumphant!
+that is beyond thy power." In the convent of St. Mark's are preserved
+various relics of the martyed monk, among which are his Bible with notes
+by his own hand, and a portrait said to have been painted by Fra
+Bartolommeo. I have seen a copy of this portrait. It is in profile, with
+the Friar's cowl. At the first glance the expression of the prominent
+features seems strangely stern, but as you study the face it seems to
+soften and the sternness becomes sadness mingled with tenderness. One
+can imagine those worn and pallid features lighted up with excitement,
+the eyes animated and glowing with zeal, and the lips so expressive of
+power, relaxing into a smile even, and thus looking upon it we wonder
+not that crowds hung upon his words.
+
+Hatred of sin, zeal for its removal from Church and State, seems to have
+been two of his strong characteristics. And he was ever bold and active
+in lifting up and carrying forward the standard of truth. If sometimes
+his zeal outran his wisdom and judgment, if sometimes his enthusiasm
+seemed to reach what we might call a religious frenzy in which he heard
+supernatural voices and saw visions, we can but believe in his sincerity
+and admire his boldness and commend his fearless exposure of sin. And as
+we study his character again and again we wonder as in the beginning of
+this sketch, how he would have acted in these days when sin "comes in
+like a flood!" Have we not need of a Savonarola? Have we not need of an
+army of strong, fearless men and women who shall lift up the standard of
+the Gospel against the tide of sin? One thought more: will each of my
+young readers enlist in this army and be diligent in preparing to meet
+the attacks of the enemy?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+TENNYSON, ALFRED.
+
+
+The birthplace of Alfred Tennyson, Poet-Laureate, is described as an old
+white rectory, standing on the slope of a hill, the winding lanes
+shadowed by tall ashes and elms, with two brooks meeting at the bottom
+of the glebe field. One who has written of the poet says: "In the early
+beginning of this century the wind came sweeping through the garden of
+this old Lincolnshire rectory, and as the wind blew, a sturdy child of
+five years old, with shining locks, stood opening his arms upon the
+blast and letting himself be blown along, and as he travelled on he made
+his first line of poetry, and said, 'I hear a voice that's speaking in
+the wind;' and ever since that hour voices have been speaking to him and
+he has given to us the thoughts borne on winds and waves and by
+circumstances and surroundings, in language that we can understand.
+Through his poems we catch glimpses of babbling brooks, and gardens, and
+ivied walls; of Italian skies and summer mornings, of peaceful homes and
+of battle crash, and as we read we may take in the pure and grand
+sentiments which cannot fail to have an elevating and inspiring
+influence upon our hearts and lives."
+
+Alfred Tennyson first saw the light in Lincolnshire, England, in the
+year 1809. His father was a clergyman, and a man of great abilities, who
+carefully educated his children, and from whom his sons may have
+inherited their poetical genius. Of their mother it has been said that
+"she was intensely and fervently religious, as a poet's mother should
+be."
+
+The story of Alfred's first attempt at verse-making is this: one Sabbath
+all the elders of the family were going to church, leaving the child
+alone. An older brother gave him a slate and a subject, "The Flowers in
+the Garden," and when the family returned from service he handed the
+slate to his brother covered over with blank verse, then waited while
+the critic read! Imagine his satisfaction when the slate was handed back
+with, "Yes, you can write."
+
+It is also said that the first money he earned by his pen was upon the
+occasion of his grandmother's death, when he wrote an elegy, at his
+grandfather's request, for which the old gentleman paid him ten
+shillings, saying, "There, that is the first money you have earned by
+your poetry, and, take my word for it, it will be the last."
+
+_That_ must have been rather discouraging. If the old grandfather could
+know of the honors and the money which have come to his grandson through
+his writings, he would doubtless be astonished.
+
+He began to write for the press when quite young, and has written much,
+and I have no doubt his poems are familiar to you all. He was made
+Poet-Laureate in 1850.
+
+A boy who lived in the neighborhood of Tennyson's home in the Isle of
+Wight, gave his definition of Poet-Laureate to a lady who asked him if
+he knew Mr. Tennyson.
+
+"He makes moets for the Queen," was the boy's reply.
+
+"What do you mean?" asked the lady.
+
+"I don't know what they means," said the boy, "but p'licemen often seen
+him walking about a-making of 'em under the stars."
+
+After Mr. Tennyson's marriage he settled at Freshwater, in the Isle of
+Wight. This home of the poet is described as "a charmed palace, with
+green walls without, and speaking walls within. There hung Dante with
+his solemn nose and wreath; Italy gleamed over the doorways; friends'
+faces lined the way, books filled the shelves, and a glow of crimson was
+everywhere; the great oriel drawing-room window was full of green and
+golden leaves, and the sound of birds and the distant sea. Beautiful in
+spring-time when all day the lark trills overhead, and when the lark has
+flown out of our hearing the thrushes begin and the air is sweet with
+scents from many fragrant shrubs.
+
+"Later, when the health of Mrs. Tennyson required a more quiet place,
+for Freshwater had become a fashionable summer resort, the family made
+for themselves a new home on the summit of a high lonely hill in
+Surrey."
+
+Now I might copy for you some bits out of the poems I like the best; or,
+I might gather here a cluster of bright gems, but I think you will enjoy
+the search if you each try this for yourselves instead.
+
+Once I had occasion to select for a literary exercise "Gems from
+Tennyson," and I found it a delightful task, only it was hard to choose,
+and harder to find a stopping place. I will give the boys just one
+extract:
+
+  "Not once or twice in our fair island story,
+  The path of duty was the way to glory;
+  He that ever following her commands,
+  On with toil of heart and knees and hands,
+  Through the long gorge to the far light has won
+  His path upward and prevail'd,
+  Shall find the toppling crags of duty scaled
+  Are close upon the shining table-lands
+  To which our God himself is moon and sun."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+ULFILA.
+
+
+Long, long ago, about two centuries after our Saviour ascended into
+Heaven from the midst of the wondering disciples, a calamity befell a
+Christian family living in Cappadocia. You will find if you turn to the
+second chapter of Acts, that among those who listened to Peter's first
+sermon were men who dwelt in Cappadocia; and again Peter addresses his
+first epistle to the Christians in Cappadocia, or, as the revision has
+it, "To the elect who are sojourners" in various places, this one among
+others.
+
+So you will see that the Christian religion had already, even in Peter's
+time, spread thus far.
+
+Upon the occasion of an invasion of the Goths, the family of which I
+write was carried away into captivity. Among these pagans our hero
+Ulfila was born, in the year 313. His early home was upon the northern
+bank of the Danube. Belonging to a Christian family he was educated in
+the principles of the Christian religion, and became a bishop. He taught
+the Goths the truths of the Bible, and many embraced Christianity.
+Indeed, so successful were the good bishop's labors among the people,
+that their chief showed his displeasure by persecuting the Christians.
+Then Ulfila and many of his followers, those whom he had shown the way
+of life, left the Goths, and, securing the permission of the Roman
+emperor, they settled upon Roman territory.
+
+These were afterwards called Moesogoths, from the name of the district
+in which they settled--Moesia. They gave up their warlike life, and
+became an agricultural people. And the colony increased through the
+immigration of others of their own people. For it seems that though
+Ulfila had left, the influence of his preaching did not cease, and
+others embraced Christianity, and as the persecutions continued these
+determined to join Ulfila, so it came about that through the efforts of
+this one man large numbers were taught the truths of the Bible. He
+translated the Bible into the language of the Goths. This was an
+immense labor, for he was obliged to invent a new alphabet.
+
+In a public library in Upsal, Sweden, there is a curious volume known as
+the Codex Argenteus, or, silvered book. It is a translation of the four
+Gospels, and its letters are in silver, on leaves of purple vellum. This
+is a fragment of Ulfila's translation. The whole work was lost for about
+five centuries, but was discovered, at least parts of it found, by a man
+named Mercator, in an old abbey of Werden, in the sixteenth century.
+Other parts of the New Testament have been found, but only some
+fragments of Ezra and Nehemiah have been discovered of the Old
+Testament.
+
+We have had handed down to us very few particulars of Ulfila's life. He
+died at Constantinople, in 383.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+VINCENT, REV. JOHN H., D.D.
+
+
+I have written down the name of the "great man" which I have chosen to
+stand in this Alphabet, and here I pause as I reflect that to many of
+you his face and form and speech are familiar. You have seen him upon
+the platform and upon the avenues of Chautauqua and Framingham, and in
+other places. Some of you have welcomed him at your own homes; his
+smiles and his talks are among the things which will be always, so long
+as you live, a pleasant memory. What can I tell you about him that you
+do not already know? Yet I am not willing that another name should take
+the place of this, and therefore we will talk a little together of this
+friend of the young people, and idol of the older people.
+
+Dr. Vincent's early home was in the Sunny South. "In the land of orange
+blossoms and magnolia groves," he first saw the light. Six years of his
+life were spent in the home of the flowers; then the family came North
+and settled in Pennsylvania.
+
+Like the mothers of many of our great men, John H. Vincent's mother
+might fill a place in the book called "Some Remarkable Women."
+
+She is described as "patient, amiable, living as though she belonged to
+heaven rather than earth. Often at the twilight hour, especially on
+Sundays, she would take her children to her own room, and there sweetly
+and tenderly tell them about the life to come, and point out their
+faults and spiritual needs."
+
+Mrs. Bolton in her sketch of Dr. Vincent, in "How Success is Won," gives
+some amusing incidents of the childhood of our Great Man. I quote from
+memory, but I think it is she who tells the story of the boy of six
+years gathering the children of the neighborhood, and after getting them
+quiet by threatening them with the lash of a whip, he would preach to
+them. And so far did his zeal carry him, that upon one occasion he tore
+into several parts a small red-covered hymn book, which he valued as the
+gift of his pastor, and distributed the pieces through his audience,
+doubtless thinking it highly important that all should be supplied with
+hymn books. Whether they all sang together from the different parts of
+the book given them, we are not informed.
+
+Very early in life the boy seems to have decided that he would _do
+something with his life worth while_; that he would do that which should
+help others, and realizing that there is a world to be saved, he grew up
+with the hope of one day becoming a minister. His studies were carried
+on for a time at home, afterwards at a neighboring academy. Later he
+engaged in teaching, continuing his studies by himself, and finally he
+had fitted himself for college. Not every boy would have the will and
+perseverance to carry on a course of study while teaching six hours or
+more each day. However, he did not finish his college course. Not for
+any want of persistence, neither did he consider such a course
+unimportant. But he was anxious to be about his Master's work, and thus
+it was that before he was twenty-one years old he set out to preach "on
+a thirty-mile circuit, over the mountains and through the valleys of
+Luzerne County, Pennsylvania."
+
+He travelled on horseback, studying and thinking out his sermons as he
+journeyed. Everybody, young and old, were glad to see his bright,
+smiling face and feel the warm grasp of his hand. It has been said that
+"he never shook hands with the tips of his fingers, nor preached dry
+sermons."
+
+It was during this period of his life that his mother whose parting
+words when he went out into the world were, "My son, live near to God;
+live near to God," went to be with God. One near the throne in heaven,
+the other living near the throne on earth; is this the secret of John H.
+Vincent's success in the Lord's vineyard?
+
+[Illustration: REV. JOHN H. VINCENT, D.D.]
+
+At length he became a pastor, preaching for a few years in New Jersey,
+afterwards in the vicinity of Chicago. But all the time he was busy with
+plans of an educational character. These plans which were at first
+carried out in the establishing of Saturday afternoon classes of young
+people, called Palestine Classes, with the purpose of studying about the
+Holy Land, have at length developed a Chautauqua. I need not tell you
+about Chautauqua; about the C.L.S.C., nor about the C.Y.F.R.U.; you do
+not need to be told about the town and country clubs, nor about the
+society of Christian ethics. Many of you have listened to those Sunday
+afternoon talks in the Children's Temple, and afterwards gone to the
+vesper service in the Hall of Philosophy.
+
+I ought to tell you that although Dr. Vincent postponed his college
+course, he never gave it up, but outside college walls, he continued his
+studies by himself, even in the midst of a busy life, until by regular
+examinations he took his degrees, and also passed through the regular
+theological course of study of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which
+denomination he belongs.
+
+To the boys especially I recommend the study of the life and character
+of Dr. Vincent. A gentleman remarked in my hearing the other day,
+"probably no man living is exerting a wider influence over the hearts
+and minds of the young people than Dr. Vincent!" And I thought, what a
+responsibility! and how thankful the fathers and mothers should be that
+he is just the man he is; that his influence is ever on the side of
+truth and right; that his aim is to uplift, and that Christ is ever the
+centre of his thought. To see and hear Dr. Vincent is to understand
+something of the secret of his power. The sympathy which manifests
+itself in every look and tone, the enthusiasm with which he enters into
+his work, and which tides him over the hard places, and the personal
+magnetism--which makes you, whether you will or not; these qualities,
+sanctified and consecrated, make the man a power for good.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+WEBSTER, DANIEL.
+
+
+A long time ago, not quite a century, however, upon a New England farm,
+a mischievous woodchuck was caught after much time and patience had been
+expended. It was the intention of the farmer's sons to put the animal to
+death, but the younger boy's heart was touched with pity; he begged that
+the captive might go free. His brother objecting, the case was carried
+to the father.
+
+"Well, my boys," said the farmer, "there is the prisoner; you shall be
+the counsel and plead the case for and against his life and liberty,
+while I will be the judge."
+
+The older boy, whose name was Ezekiel, opened the case. He urged the
+mischievous nature of the animal, cited the great harm already done,
+said that much time and strength had been spent in securing him, and
+now, if he were set free, he would only renew his depredations. He also
+urged that it would be more difficult to catch him again, for he would
+profit by this experience and be more cunning in the future. It was a
+long and practical argument, and the proud father was apparently quite
+affected by it. Then came the younger boy's turn. He pleaded the right,
+of anything which God had made, to life. He said that God furnished man
+with food, and all they needed; could they not spare this little
+creature who was not destructive, and who had as much right to his share
+of God's bounty as they had; could they not spare to him the little food
+necessary to existence? Should they in selfishness and cold-heartedness
+take the life which they could not restore again, and which God had
+given?
+
+During this appeal tears started to the father's eyes, and while the boy
+was in the midst of his argument, not thinking that he had won the case,
+the judge started from his chair, and, dashing the tears away,
+exclaimed:
+
+"Zeke! Zeke! you let that woodchuck go!"
+
+[Illustration: DANIEL WEBSTER AT MARSHFIELD.]
+
+This incident I have briefly written out for you is told of the early
+life of the man who forty years later made his celebrated speech in the
+Senate Chamber in defence of the Constitution, which ended with these
+memorable words, "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and
+inseparable!"
+
+Daniel Webster, the orator and statesman, was born at Salisbury, N.H.
+The house in which he first saw the light is, I think, still standing,
+though not as it was originally; some years ago it became the wing, or
+kitchen part of a new house. The farm was rugged and not very fertile;
+it is said that granite rocks visible in every direction, gave an air of
+barrenness to the scene. Among "wild bleak hills and rough pastures,"
+his boyhood was spent. His advantages of education were limited. The
+family library consisted of "a copy of Watts' Hymns, a cheap pamphlet
+copy of Pope's Essay on Man, and the Bible, from which he learned to
+read, together with an occasional almanac."
+
+He struggled with poverty through his college days, and after graduating
+at Dartmouth, went to Boston to study law. He is described as "raw,
+awkward, shabby in dress, his rough trousers ceasing a long distance
+above his feet." After much discouragement he was entered in a law
+office as a student. He was admitted to the bar in 1805, and in 1808 he
+married Miss Grace Fletcher. A pretty story is told of his engagement.
+One day he was assisting the young lady in disentangling a skein of
+silk; suddenly he said: "Grace, cannot you help me tie a knot that will
+never untie?" "I don't know, but I can try," she said.
+
+And they tied the knot, and the writer who tells the story, says,
+"Though eighty years have sped by, it lies before me to-day,
+time-colored, it is true, but nevertheless still untied."
+
+Mr. Webster was a member of Congress eight years; was in the United
+States Senate nineteen years, and a Cabinet officer five years. It is
+related of him that he tore up his college diploma, saying, "My industry
+may make me a great man, but this parchment cannot." A classmate says he
+was remarkable in college for three things: steady habits of life, close
+application to study, and the ability to mind his own business. Is it
+any wonder that he became a great man?
+
+There is much in the life and character of Daniel Webster worthy of
+study, and many incidents are related which illustrate his greatness.
+One of the best things on record is this: at a dinner party given in his
+honor, some one asked him this question. "Mr. Webster, what was the
+most important thought that ever occupied your mind?" To this he
+replied, "The most important thought that ever occupied my mind was the
+thought of my individual responsibility to God."
+
+Mr. Webster died in 1852. Thousands came to attend the funeral, and amid
+the sorrowing throng they laid him away in the family tomb at
+Marshfield. Thirty years more passed, and 1882 had come. It was then one
+hundred years since his birth, and again thousands upon thousands came
+to honor the memory of this son of New England. Men high in office--even
+the President of the United States--military men, scholars, judges,
+lawyers and ministers, men and women of the city and from the hillsides
+and from the valleys came to the sad, solemn celebration. And a long
+procession moved amid the tolling of bells, the booming of cannon, and
+the low, solemn dirge played by military bands.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+XENOPHON.
+
+
+Xenophon was an Athenian who lived about four hundred and fifty years
+before Christ. He was a celebrated general, historian and philosopher.
+He was a learner at the school of Socrates, and counted as one of his
+most gifted disciples. The life and the teachings of the great
+philosopher have been given to us by the writings of Xenophon, and his
+sober and practical style gives a good idea of the original. Quintilian,
+a Roman orator and critic, says of Xenophon, "The Graces dictated his
+language, and the Goddess of Persuasion dwelt upon his lips."
+
+His style is pure and sweet, and he seems to have been a man of elegant
+tastes and amiable disposition, as well as extensive knowledge of the
+world.
+
+Perhaps his greatest exploit as a general was the leading of the Greek
+troops across the mountain ranges and the plains of Asia Minor. This
+was after the battle of Cunaxa, where the younger Cyrus was defeated and
+slain. Xenophon had joined this expedition against the brother of Cyrus,
+Artaxerxes Mnemon, with ten thousand Greek troops. After the defeat many
+of the Greek leaders were treacherously murdered in the Persian camp.
+The Greeks were almost in despair. They were two thousand miles from
+home, surrounded by enemies, and the only way of retreat lay across
+mountain ranges, deep and rapid rivers, and broad deserts. It seemed as
+if fatigue and starvation and the hostility of those whom they must
+encounter would effectually prevent their return to their native land,
+but Xenophon roused them from their despondency, rallied the forces, and
+they began the march. It was a time of great suffering, for they had
+literally to fight their way. But when they reached a Grecian city after
+untold peril, it was found that of the ten thousand led forth, eight
+thousand and six hundred still remained. During the latter part of his
+life he lived at Corinth, having been expelled from Athens. Though the
+decree of banishment was revoked, he never returned. His literary work
+was mostly performed during these later years. Of all his writings, his
+Anabasis has been pronounced the most remarkable. It is a work giving an
+account of the nations in the interior of Asia Minor, and of the Persian
+Empire and its government.
+
+He died at Corinth, in his ninetieth year.
+
+
+
+
+THE ROUND WORLD SERIES
+
+The Full Stature of a Man. By Julian Warth.
+
+Grafenburg People. By Reuen Thomas.
+
+The Rusty Linchpin and Luboff Archipovna. By Mme. Kokhanovsky.
+
+The Romance of a Letter. By Lowell Choate.
+
+Dorothy Thorne. By Julian Warth.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories of Great Men, by Faye Huntington
+
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