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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:02:36 -0700 |
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diff --git a/34889-h/34889-h.htm b/34889-h/34889-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..816a807 --- /dev/null +++ b/34889-h/34889-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1990 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Reminiscences etc. of the Old 4th Michigan Infantry, by O. S. Barrett. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;} + + h1 {font-weight: normal; text-align: center; clear: both;} + + h2 {text-align: center; clear: both; padding-top: 3em;} + + h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both;} + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + + a {text-decoration: none;} + + img {border: none;} + + .hidden {display: none;} + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-style: normal; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .amends {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} + + .bbox {border: 2px black solid; padding: 1em; margin-top: 3em;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .imgw {width: 400px;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 2em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + + .sig {text-align: right; margin-right: 4em;} /* sign-off aligned right */ + + .cpoem {width: 60%; margin: 0 auto;} /* centers poem and maintains span indentation */ + + .lrgfont {font-size: 120%;} + .smlfont {font-size: 90%;} + .vsmlfont {font-size: 75%;} + .tinyfont {font-size: 50%;} + + .padtop {padding-top: 3em;} + .padbase {padding-bottom: 3em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Reminiscences, Incidents, Battles, Marches +and Camp Life of the Old 4th Michigan Infantry in War of Rebellion, 1861 to 1864, by O. S. Barrett + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Reminiscences, Incidents, Battles, Marches and Camp Life of the Old 4th Michigan Infantry in War of Rebellion, 1861 to 1864 + +Author: O. S. Barrett + +Release Date: January 8, 2011 [EBook #34889] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS *** + + + + +Produced by Sam W. and the Online Distributed Proofreading +Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from +images generously made available by The Internet +Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + +<h1 class="padtop"> +<span class="vsmlfont">REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS, BATTLES,<br /> +MARCHES and CAMP LIFE</span><br /> +<span class="tinyfont">OF THE</span><br /> +OLD 4th MICHIGAN INFANTRY<br /> +<span class="vsmlfont">IN WAR OF REBELLION,</span><br /> +<span class="tinyfont">1861 TO 1864.</span></h1> + +<p class="center padtop"><span class="lrgfont smcap">By O. S. BARRETT,</span><br /> +<span class="smlfont">Late Lieut. Co. B, 4th Michigan Infantry.</span></p> + + +<p class="center padtop lrgfont">——<br /> +<i>Dedicated to the Survivors of the Regiment.</i><br /> +——</p> + + +<p class="center padtop padbase">Hope for the living,<br /> +Tears for the dead.</p> + + +<p class="center smlfont">——<br /> +DETROIT, MICH.:<br /> +W. S. OSTLER, PUBLISHER,<br /> +1888.</p> + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>3]</a></span></p> + +<h2>THE<br /> +<br /> +<img src="images/frm01.png" width="25" height="20" alt="Decoration" /> +FOURTH <img src="images/frm02.png" width="21" height="20" alt="Decoration" /> +REGIMENT <img src="images/frm03.png" width="25" height="20" alt="Decoration" /><br /> +<br /> +Michigan Volunteer Infantry</h2> + + +<p>was organized at Adrian, Michigan, and Mustered into +United States Service June 20, 1861, for three years. It was +quartered in the North College building, of the group of +buildings situated at extreme west suburbs of City. Was +commanded by Dwight A. Woodbury. It was presented by +the ladies of Adrian, with a beautiful flag. The Regiment +left its Rendezvous June 25th, for Washington, numbering on +its rolls 1025, officers and men. In his orders for the movement, +Colonel Woodbury said: “Let each man remember +that he has the honor of Michigan in his keeping.” The first +appearance of the Regiment, while passing through Cleveland, +Ohio, brought from the Leader of that city, the following +notice of</p> + + +<h3>MICHIGAN TROOPS.</h3> + +<p>“When we see the splendidly armed and equipped Regiments +from Michigan, pass through here on their way to the +seat of war, and compare their appearance with that of the +Regiments that left Camp Cleveland recently, it makes us +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>4]</a></span> +almost ashamed of Ohio, and inclines us to enquire in the +mildest and most collected manner, why it is that Michigan +in the same length of time sends Regiments to the field prepared +for service, while Ohio, who boasts of her enterprise +and patriotism, sends from her camps as Regiments, mere +mobs of men, half uniformed, unarmed, and wholly without +drill.”</p> + +<p>The Regiment left Cleveland, via Buffalo to Elmira, +New York, where we took supper with 23d New York Regiment +in barracks there. We were royally entertained; had +a good time; had a good supper. I wish to say here, the +first hard tack the writer ever saw was issued to us at Cleveland. +They were round, and as large as an elephant’s foot, +and as tough as a prohibitionist’s conscience. I noticed some +of the boys, out on platform of cars, trying how far they +could sail them. Others had coupling pins, trying to pulverize +them. On leaving Elmira, some of the boys who were a +little off, pulled the coupling pin, which detached three or +four cars. The rest of the train pulled out some distance +before it was discovered. The advance section backed up, +the rear cars were hitched on, and the boys were induced to +all-aboard, and the train passed on to Harrisburg, Pa. The +Regiment encamped a few days at that city, and we were +drilled in the art of street fighting, expecting a collision at +Baltimore. The people of Harrisburg asked: “has Michigan +sent another Regiment equipped?” And in fact the troops +at Camp Curtin “thought if Pennsylvania would only clothe +her men like that, she would not have a single citizen at +home.”</p> + +<p>From Harrisburg, on to Baltimore. The Regiment was +disembarked from the cars some distance outside of the city; +formed and marched into the depot. We were armed with +old buck and ball muskets, and were not allowed but three +rounds of cartridges. The Regiment was formed into +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>5]</a></span> +platoons, and marched through the general thoroughfare to +Washington Depot. On its way, while about midway, the +crowd was immense on the sidewalks, a demonstration was +made by some crank of a Rebel, at a point opposite our +colors, pointing a revolver toward the flag-bearer, but was +suppressed so quick that it was not seen but by few of the +Regiment. The writer was a file-closer and in rear of rear +platoon, and saw the movement. Had that pistol been discharged, +the result would have been a terrible indiscriminate +slaughter. My gun was on a line with the act in less time +than it would take to pull a trigger. Somebody would have +been hurt. Men hissed and jeered, but the column moved on +to Washington Depot, where the Regiment was embarked on +cars for Washington. Just before reaching the Relay House, +the train was stopped and we were told that Rebels were in our +front. We were formed in line of battle. It was a false +alarm. We got aboard again, and passed on to Washington. +Arrived in that city on the night of July 2d, and soon went +into camp on Meridian Hill, near Soldiers’ Home. Remained +in camp until a short time before first battle of Bull Run. +The Regiment was ordered over the Potomac, and to Alexandria, +and out to a place called Cloud’s Mills. Remained in +camp there, and done picket duty until a few days prior to +first Bull Run, when it was ordered on to Fairfax Station, in +rear of advancing army. The left wing of the Regiment was +detained at that place, while the right was marched to Fairfax +Court House. The writer was with the part remaining at +the station. It was evident that the Rebels had left in a +hurry, as the advance of our column appeared; they had +tried to burn the station and other property, but were prevented +by stress of time. We found plenty of corn meal; +also a number of hogs that had been corralled in the rear of the +station, but had been let out of the pen; on arrival of our +men in pursuit, they were running around loose. The writer +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>6]</a></span> +fired six shots at an old hump-backed sow, and got nary a +swine. One W. W. Carpenter, the liliputian of Company B, +killed her with one shot from an old Colt’s revolver. We +had mush and fresh pork in abundance. We found some +cows on an abandoned plantation, near by. Also plenty of +honey. We had mush and milk ’till you couldn’t rest. One +of the boys, while reconnoitering around, developed a colony +of bees. He seized a hive and started for a brook near by. +He attempted to jump a pole fence. His toe caught and he +pitched headlong. The hive flew twenty feet. The bees +followed back, and swarmed in his bushy hair, which caused +a lively rush for the water. He plunged in and soon divested +himself of the vicious little insects. But not daunted he +returned, and seized the hive again. This time he succeeded +in drowning the bees. He got the honey all the same. That +night, after the adventure with the bees, myself and my +bunkey tore some of the hives to pieces, and placed the +boards on the ground, and spread our blankets on them for +our bed. We went to bed tickled with our layout. About +twelve o’clock we were aroused with injunction to keep very +still, as Rebels were near, and were expected to attack us. +My bunkey and I got up, or sat up. About that time I saw +bunkey slap his legs, and heard him swear.</p> + +<p>About the same time, I felt an unusual sensation under +my pants, in the region of where I sat down. There were +plenty of live bees still, that had staid with the boards. +They had crawled inside our clothes, and everlastingly stuck +it to us. Well, if you ever saw an Indian war dance, picture +to yourself our appearance. We were ordered to keep still; +but had a Brigade of Rebels attacked us, we would have +fought these bees.</p> + +<p>Next day was fought the first Battle Bull Run. We +were ordered to join the other wing of the Regiment, at Fairfax +Court House, arriving just before the stragglers began to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>7]</a></span> +appear from our defeated army. We were formed in the +road, in sections, and ordered to stop all stragglers. Talk of +stopping a cyclone; it was impossible. The rush of soldiers, +congressmen, and other civilians, from Washington, literally +forced us from the highway. I saw three officers on one +mule, hatless, coatless, and unarmed, and apparently badly +frightened; the Johnnies did not follow up with any force. +The 4th was soon on the way to Washington. We returned +to our old camp, on Meridian Hill. Early in fall of ’61, the +Regiment built fort Woodbury, on Arlington, and done +picket duty. Later on, we were moved out to Minor’s Hill, +Virginia, and built winter quarters, and remained there during +the winter 1861-2. The Regiment, with 14th New York, +9th Massachusetts, and 62nd Pennsylvania, formed 2d Brigade, +1st Division, 5th Army Corps, commanded by Fitz John Porter, +a brave and skilfull officer, who was afterwards much +abused; for I believe we had no more loyal officer in the +field; to the contrary notwithstanding, his traducers tried to +drag him down. Nothing of a startling nature occurred here, +during the winter. Our time was occupied in picket, camp, +guard, and other routine work. A laughable incident +occurred here in camp, which illustrates the desire of the common +soldier</p> + + +<h3>FOR FUN AND FROLIC.</h3> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm04.png" width="400" height="288" +alt="A soldier with a gun-sling in the firing position." /> +</div> + +<p>We were armed with the old Buck and Ball musket, +which we were to exchange for the Enfield rifles. Word was +given to the different companies to send details for guns. +The Company B detail was dispatched. Soon the boxes were +brought, and opened. Behold a mistake had been made, +and the boys thought on purpose. Instead of the Enfield, +the boxes contained the same kind of guns we already had. +The men were indignant, and refused to accept them, but +finally concluded to use them awhile, as they were new and +bright. The guns were distributed, and boxes ordered back, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>8]</a></span> +a procession formed a la funeral. An escort, with reversed +guns, and music, and every conceivable thing that any noise +could be got out of, followed to Quarter master’s depot. A +volley was fired over the boxes, and the procession returned +to quarters. Soon, a racket was heard in vicinity of Company +B. Every other man had a gun sling around his body, and +was down on all-fours. The other fellows had a gun thrust +between the gun-sling and along the man’s spine, firing blank +cartridges. As soon as the gun was fired, the man on the +ground would assume a sitting posture, with the muzzle up. +Then the gunner would ram cartridge, and the gun would +immediately assume the horizontal, again to be fired. There +were some 40 of the company engaged in this. That night, +after the racket, the 14th New York’s Sutler lost a barrel of +whiskey, rolled out from under his tent early in the evening, +while the proprietor was engaged in front with a special +delegation sent to occupy him and his assistants, while the +feat was being performed. It never was found, but you +could buy a canteen-full for $5.00 of one who knew where it +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>9]</a></span> +was. Details were made to hunt for it, but it was never +brought to view, but some of the detail were quite drunk +when they returned. I will relate an incident that occurred +while encamped on Arlington, as stated before in this narrative: +while stationed there, we were daily beset by hucksters +and traffickers. They would vend their wares to the +boys, and go away, apparently happy, but soon return +again, seeming to be dissatisfied with what they received for +their goods. One day, a pompous Jew drove over from +Georgetown, a big wagon-load of goods drawn by four-in-hand. +Sales were small until he struck Company B, the +writer’s company. Here he cried his wares. Finally a syndicate +was formed, and approached the vender of goods, with +the proposition to buy his entire stock. They would give so +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>10]</a></span> +much, provided he had a certain amount of the ardent in his +outfit. He seemed to be satisfied with the situation, and +answered, he had what they desired. The bargain was +closed, and money paid in bills. Our goods were unloaded, +and he departed, highly elated. But it was not long. He +soon returned, alone, and inquired of the writer for the Colonel’s +tent. The writer edged around, as near as possible, to +hear what was said. The Jew was swinging his arms, and +gesticulating fiercely. The Colonel listened until he got +through, then I heard him say, in reply, “you ought to be +satisfied with small profits on so large a sale.” He replied: +“Colonel, the monish is not good, it is one Erie and Kalamazoo +monish.” The Colonel told him the result was as good +as the intent, and dismissed him, and we did not see him +again. The boys bought him out slick and clean, for 600 +dollars, and paid him in new and crisp Michigan Insurance +and older bills of Erie and Kalamazoo. I will say, Company +B, was made up of one or two doctors, as many lawyers, and +one preacher, and the rest were gentlemen. The writer was +identified with the latter class.</p> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm05.png" width="400" height="404" +alt="The salesman and the Colonel." /> +</div> + + +<h3>THE REGIMENT MOVED.</h3> + +<p>With the advance of the army from Minor’s Hill, and to +Fairfax, passed beyond that dilapidated and dingy looking +town, historical, much speculation indulged in, in regard to +what route would be adopted “On to Richmond.” It was +finally decided to take the route via Alexandria down the +Potomac to Fort Monroe. Accordingly, the columns were +put in motion, and in due time the army arrived at above +named place. Our Division passed out beyond Hampton, +and went into camp, for a few days, then marched en route +to Yorktown, by way of Big Bethel. On our arrival within +cannon shot of Rebel fortifications, we were greeted by a general +shower of shot and shell, from Rebel Batteries, which +went screeching and screaming over our heads. The 4th had +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>11]</a></span> +the advance at the right, toward the Rebel Left. As we drew +nearer, they got our range. Their shot plunged and shells +burst in and all around us with but little damage, but made +the situation decidedly unpleasant. Our column filed to the +right, following a ravine, which extended to extreme left of +Rebel Earthworks. General Charles Griffin commanded our +Division, and his old battery was on hand, that he had formerly +commanded. He immediately ordered it to the front, +out in open space, and commenced shelling the Rebel works. +Cannonading was lively for a while, on both sides. The +Rebels evidently misunderstood the demonstrations, so audaciously +made in their front, and expected an immediate assault +all along the line. They apparently reserved their fire +for closer work, but were disappointed in that. The army +settled down to a siege. We were constantly under fire, from +time of arrival in front of their works, until evacuation of +same, on picket line, bivouac and skirmishing. No let up +night and day. Casualties were quite frequent. If a picket +guard showed his head it was a target as soon as seen. Picketing +was extremely dangerous business. The guard were +posted under darkness of night and was relieved the same. +In front of Rebel works was an open plain. The boys would +dig holes, under cover of darkness, and through the day +would burrow like gophers. Hence gopher holes, had dirt +piled up in front with a hole at base, for to shoot through. +Was death to the man who got his cranium above the obstruction +in front of him. A thrilling incident occurred at +this time. General Fitz John Porter, who commanded the +5th corps, went up in a balloon to take observations of rebel +works. It was controlled by ropes, held by men on the +ground. After getting up the right distance, the guy became +detached, through some cause, and the balloon floated at will, +first over Rebs, then back on our side, swayed by the wind. +All this while, Porter could be seen standing up in the car, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>12]</a></span> +with spy glass in hand, scanning the Rebel fortifications; and +the Johnnies everlastingly yelling, and trying to elevate their +guns to reach him, but failed. The elevation was too steep +for their gunnery. Finally he descended to our side, amid +shouts of the whole army. It was hard telling at one time +into what hands he would fall. The siege went on. A heavy +water battery of one hundred pounders was placed on York +River, at the extreme left of Rebel works. The 4th was +stationed at that point. These guns were worked spasmodically. +Rebs could not reply to them. York River, at this +point, was full of oysters—some the largest I ever saw. We +often went in after a supply. It was dangerous business. +The Rebel pickets, on opposite side, were alert and invariably +fired on any one who had the hardihood to approach the +water for them. The writer ventured in one day for some of +the bivalves, and was industriously searching for the precious +article. I succeeded in exhuming a monster big one, and +was looking for more, when zip, pinge, came the warning to +get out. I was in such a hurry I forgot to take along my +find, and you could not see my coat tail for the water splashing +behind me. I did not want any more oysters on that +special occasion. Yorktown was evacuated on the night of +May 4th and 5th, 1862; our army had been to vast labor, and +the government to tremendous expense and worry. A bloody +battle was fought at Williamsburg; the 4th were not engaged +at that battle. We were sent via West Point, and followed +on to Chickahominy. The time occupied between Yorktown +and our arrival at the Chickahominy, was marching, and +camping under great hardships; mud and heat had to be contended +with. When within a few miles of Chickahominy, +the 4th was detached from the column, and in a pouring rain, +were hustled on to the river. When within half a mile of it +we met a squadron of cavalry, which had been to the point, +came back full well. We were ordered, “Battalion into line, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>13]</a></span> +double quick;” my company being on the left, did some tall +running over bogs, ditches and small brush, to get our place +in line. We struck the river at New Bridge, and met a sharp +fire from opposite side. We were dressed up under this fire. +Our first man was killed here, <small>A. M.</small>, D. Piper, of Company +B. He was shot dead. He was the largest man in the company. +I was first sergeant at the time, and touched elbows +with him when he fell. The boys named him Elephant, on +account of his immense size. Our Colonel, D. A. Woodbury, +seeing our disadvantage, rode his horse down to the river and +ordered us to cross. At this time the Johnnies were seen to +get to the woods beyond. About 20th of May my company +plunged into the water, arm-pits deep. Company A crossed +over to the right, in a bend of the river. We found 28 dead +rebels in our immediate front. We brought over some +wounded rebels, and on our return the water was chin deep +to the writer, it having rained all this time heavily. There +were four or five of my company wounded. The rebels had +taken the plank from the bridge, and ranged two pieces of +cannon on the same. We held this point as a picket line +until battle of Gains Mills. The crossing of Chickahominy +occurred on May 24th, 1862.</p> + +<p>Here I first saw Custer. He was sent by McClellan to assist +our cavalry in conducting the establishment of picket +lines at New Bridge. He crossed the river four times, on +horseback, to my certain knowledge. He encouraged us boys +with the example, and his cheering remarks, such as go in +Wolverines, give them h—l, and we did. The Johnnies outnumbered +us six to one, but they were deceived in our +strength, supposing us to be a regular advance of our army. +I am pained to read of the deprecating language of Major +Reno, 7th Regiment Cavalry, in regard to the gallant Custer.</p> + +<p>This fight caused General McClellan to dispatch to the +War Department, the following: “Three skirmishes to-day. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>14]</a></span> +We drove the Rebels from Mechanicsville, seven miles from +New Bridges. The 4th Michigan about used up the Louisiana +Tigers. Fifty prisoners, and fifty killed and wounded.”</p> + +<p>Mr. Greeley, in his American Conflict, says: “The first +collision on the Chickahominy, between the advance of +McClellan’s army and the Rebels, occurred near New Bridge, +where the 4th Michigan, Colonel Woodbury, waded the +stream and assaulted and drove off a superior force, losing +but eight men in all, and taking thirty-seven prisoners, of +whom fifteen were wounded.” After establishing line of +pickets on or along the river, the regiment went into camp +on Gains’ Farm, on left bank of Chickahominy, about one +mile from river. Soon after, the battle of Fair Oaks was +fought in plain sight of our camp. It continued ’till early +in the evening. We could see the flash of bursting shells +and vomiting cannon. The excitement among the men +of the regiment was very manifest. It is certainly pleasanter, +at a distance, to witness a battle, than to participate in +one. Distance is more agreeable than being too intimate +with the struggle.</p> + +<p>An advance from our position, at that time, was contemplated +upon Richmond. A heavy rainstorm was raging at +the time. The regiment stood in ranks all one day, in this +rain—so did the whole army—waiting orders to cross the +Chickahominy. The flats each side of the river were flooded +from two to four feet deep. Whirling and seething in its +course, it was impossible to cross, and had to be abandoned. +A howl went up all over the north, because of the failure, +but was not attributed to the high water, but to cautiousness +or cowardice of the commander. It could not be done in the +face of such difficulties. If ever there was an interposition +of Providence, it was manifested at that time, for if we had +crossed the river with the view of attacking Richmond, I believe +the Army of the Potomac would have ceased to exist as +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>15]</a></span> +an organization. Picketing and camp routine was daily gone +through with at this time; but little excitement, and nothing +startling occurred. I think, May 27th, a column was +marched to Hanover Court House to our right and rear. It +was reported the Rebels were threatening our base. The 4th +Regiment was a part of the troops composing that movement. +We marched to Hanover. The front and rear of the column +had a fight with the Johnnies. The 4th was but slightly engaged. +The 9th Massachusetts, one of our brigade, had a +lively chase after the enemy,—charged them out of a piece of +woods, and down a grade, towards a railroad, via Hanover +and Richmond. The 44th New York were badly cut up, +being the regiment in the rear of the column that the Rebels +attacked with great fury. The 44th stood their ground with +great bravery and determination until assistance arrived. +The enemy was driven off, and the column returned to camp. +Company B, of the 4th, acted as flankers on the return to +camp, 14 miles away. By the way, the duties of flankers are +very tedious and arduous, especially over a rough country, +and is attended with a good deal of danger. On our way back, +when near camp, the regiment halted in the road, with low +hanging trees on one side of the road (the flankers had been +called in,) with thick underbush. Some telegraph wires were +laying along on the limbs. Some mischievous fellow in the +rear drummed with his gun on them, causing a vibration of +sound similar to a noise caused by a charging mule team +running away. The result was, the road was vacated in two +seconds. The writer jumped, and supposed he was jumping +up grade, but instead, jumped 20 feet down grade, into a +hole. The scare was over, and the column soon made camp. +Many lost their caps, the writer among the rest. I distinctly +saw the colonel and adjutant’s horses leap a ditch fence on +the north side of the road. If I could have known the fellow +who caused the stampede, I think I could have mauled +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>16]</a></span> +him—and think I would, had I caught him. As it is, the friction +is now worn off, and he is safe. I will say, the column was +marching left in front. That put the writer’s company to +the front. Hence the scare at our end of the regiment. The +army indulged in a grand review at this place. General +Prim, the Spanish Patriot, was present, and, I think, President +Lincoln, but am not positive as to the latter being +present. The little general humped around after Mac., who +was a splendid rider—none were more accomplished than +Little Mac. Prim was not used to such rough ground and +hard riding, hence his unsteady seat. While in camp, our +quartermaster thought to regale us with the luxury of dried +apple pies, shortened with bacon grease. He had procured a +portable oven, and dispensed his goodies to the boys, at +twenty five cents a small section. The writer remembers of +being very sick from eating pie, in fact, the only time he +remembers of being sick, until subsequently, after being +wounded at Gettysburg.</p> + +<p>And now comes the tug of war. Up to this time the +regiment had not suffered very serious loss. True, many +were sick; some had been discharged; but the regiment +showed a good front. The history, from June 26th, 1862, of +the regiment, is steeped in blood, with heavy loss. Many +were sent to their last muster out, and now, after the lapse of +a quarter of a century, the roster is nearly closed.</p> + +<p>June 26th, 1862, the regiment, with the rest of the +brigade, was formed in column, and marched out to Mechanicsville, +and engaged in battle with traitors to this good +country. The battle was short and sharp, without much +advantage to either side. It was the prelude to one of the +bloodiest battles of the war,—Gains’ Mill. June 27th, 1862, +the regiment, with others, left our camp, abandoned everything +except our knapsacks and guns, marched out and +formed line of battle, near Gains’ Mill. The Rebels soon +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>17]</a></span> +took possession of our deserted camp, rioted awhile on what +was left,—whiskey, hard-tack, and other commodities. About +ten <small>A. M.</small> they came down on us without skirmishers, with +guns at a right shoulder arms, and drunk. They came to be +slaughtered, and they got it, then and there. The carnage +was terrible. The battle raged all day, until dark. Men, of +human form divine, became demons, fought like wild beasts, +and with not much more intelligence on the traitors’ side. +Many of the regiment went down.</p> + +<p>The next day, loved ones, true as steel, were missing, and +never again answered to human roll call. And on to other +battles, the regiment was baptised in blood again. Savage +Station, White Oak Swamp, and on to Malvern. On the 30th +of June, the army arrived at Malvern Hill, tired, worn, and +hungry. The enemy followed up and attacked in the afternoon, +but were easily repulsed. July 1st was the climax of +battles. The enemy attacked with great fury; the battle +raged all day with great slaughter, on both sides. Charge +after charge was indulged in by the persistent foe, to be +hurled back bleeding in every form. The thunder of cannon +was awful; clash of arms, shouts of combatants, was deafening. +Such a seething hell will never be again enacted on this +continent. It would be impossible to repeat it, in all its details. +The enemy drew off, and the Army of the Potomac +passed on to Harrison’s Landing, on the James River. The +regiment lost its brave Colonel Dwight A. Woodbury, the +bravest of the brave. His last words were, “hold them, boys.” +He was shot in the forehead and died almost instantly. His +body now rests in our beautiful Oak Wood Cemetery. He +was a kind man. The enemy followed to Harrison’s Landing +in small force; made a slight attack on our forces, on the +morning of July 2nd, but we easily repulsed. The regiment +and army settled down to camp life. While here, the Rebels +made a night attack, from south side James River. Our +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>18]</a></span> +heavy batteries and gun boats in the river soon knocked them +out of the box. The day following, the 4th and 16th Michigan +were ferried over the river to see about it. Found debris +of caissons, dead horses, and evidence of demoralization. +Staid over all day. Some captures were made. Among the +trophies, were a considerable amount of geese. The regiments +returned to north bank of stream and went into camp. +The rebels did not attack again. The severe handling they +received at their nocturnal demonstration evidently satisfied +them. After the death of Colonel Woodbury, Lt. Col. Childs +was promoted to Colonel of the 4th regiment; Lt. Col. Duffield +was promoted to Colonel of 9th Michigan Infantry. After +the Peninsular campaign had ended, the 4th returned, +with the army, and entered on the “Pope Campaign.” The +regiment in command of Col. Childs was in the engagement +at Gainsville, Aug. 29, 1862; Bull Run, Aug. 30, and at Antietam +Sept. 17 following. At Shepardstown Ford, Sept. 20 +with its brigade, it forded the Potomac, in face of a battery, +killed and drove off the enemy, captured their guns. After +the Maryland campaign, the regiment returned to the Potomac, +and was in battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13th and 14th, +1862. Lt. Col. George W. Lumbard, commanded. Its loss in +these two days was 9 killed, 41 wounded, and one missing; +Lieut. James Clark was killed, Company B. Remember the +4th was always identified with 2nd brigade, 1st division, 5th +corps, and was in said organizations until expiration of service. +After battle of Fredericksburg. Dec. 13, 14, the 4th +returned to north bank Rappahannock; on the 30th and 31st +of December the regiment was engaged in a reconnoisance to +Morrisville, making a march of 33 miles on the latter day. +It was engaged in a movement on the 20th of January, 1863, +marching only a few miles; returned to camp near Falmouth, +where we remained until May 1st, sending out details, building +corduroy roads, bridges, and other preparations, clearing +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>19]</a></span> +the way for an advance to Chancellorsville. May 2d, it forded +the Rapidan River, without opposition. On the 3d it marched +out to and beyond Chancellorsville, proper, and formed the +extreme left of the army, 1st division, 5th corps. The division +was cut off from the rest of its corps, at this time. We +maneuvered around, for a while. Finally it was decided to +try and support the brave Sedgwick, commanding 6th corps, +who was battling with the Johnnies at Fredericksburg. The +column was put in motion, left in front, 4th Michigan in the +lead—the writer’s Company out as flankers. We soon heard +the familiar Rebel yell, in our front. It put a stop to the +movement. We returned, sadder but wiser, to our former +position. It was then getting dark. The Division was put +in motion to the rear, towards the bluffy ground near the +Rappahannock River, where we were put in line of battle—our +right extending towards Chancellorsville, our left near +the river. It was high ground, and we considered it impregnable. +The regiment, and in fact, the whole line, threw up +temporary breastworks. In this position we passed the night +of the 3d. Saturday, during the night, the 11th corps had +stampeded, at Chancellorsville, and took to the woods, in +rear, and could not be induced to return to the front. Sunday +morning the sun rose clear and hot.</p> + +<p>We received orders to march to the vacated position that +had been occupied by the 11th corps. We double-quicked +the entire distance, over rough ground. The underbrush had +been cleared away partially. When we arrived in open +space, where the fight was going on, we were quickly formed +in echelon, battle array by division front. The Johnnies +came out of the woods in our front with the apparent determination +to drive us back; but grape and canister, accompanied +by musketry, drove them back. They did not appear +again that day. This was May 4th. The enemy contented +themselves with annoying us with their sharpshooters, located +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>20]</a></span> +in trees, in woods, in our front. Our officers concluded to +teach them better manners than to kill men in this quiet and +barbarous way. Accordingly, orders were given to deploy +the 4th Michigan as skirmishers, and clear the wood, which +was done in fine style, and at a double quick. I saw a rebel +sharp shooter, located in a tree some sixty feet from the +ground, he had a telescope rifle, and on his head an old plug +hat. He was shot, and came tumbling to the earth. He +struck the ground straight out. He looked to be nine feet +long, in his descent to the ground.</p> + +<p>The line swept on, driving all before it. We soon struck +Rebel works, composed of logs. In front was a ravine. As +the Johnnys went up the incline, and over the works, we +landed in the ravine. This saved us, as they could not fire +to any advantage, while their men were ready to break their +necks to get out of our way. They fired a tremendous volley +over our heads; our bugle sounded the “recall,” and then +we proceeded to “git”—“the Devil take the hindermost.” +Now, I was considered a smart runner, but could not gain an +inch on the man ahead of me. On we went. We could hear +the swish of cannister in our rear, but on we went. The 9th +Massachusetts was sent after us as a support. It had +halted half way and laid down. We passed over them in our +flight. The Rebels soon followed up, and when in range of +the guns of the 9th, they arose, and delivered their fire, +which sent the survivors flying to their works. Thus ended +the most exciting race of my life. I never shall forget it. It +was amusing to. Colonel Welch, of the 16th Michigan, felt +slighted because his Regiment was not selected for the job. +I told him I was sorry, as I was willing he should have all +the honor that would accrue to me. I was not very proud of +such chances.</p> + +<p>The army withdrew to the north bank of the Rappahannock. +The 4th Michigan, 14th New York, 9th +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>21]</a></span> +Massachusetts, 62d Pennsylvania, composing 2d Brigade, was rear +guard to the United States Ford. The army moved in the +night, leaving picket line established. Many were captured. +After crossing the river, we encountered a sea of mud. The +army slashed around until it arrived at our old camp at +Falmouth. The 4th was camped at Stoneman’s Switch. +We remained there until May 26th, when it, the 4th, was +ordered to Kelly’s Ford, for guard duty, where it remained +until the 13th of June, 1863. Here a laughable thing happened. +The Johnnys were on one side of the river, and we +occupied the other, doing picket; a long, lankey Johnny sat +on the bank of the stream, poorly dressed, with his feet in +the water; no firing at this time, by mutual consent. One of +our smart Alicks sung out to him, “I say, Johnny Reb., +why don’t you wear better clothes?” His reply was prompt, +“We uns don’t wear our best clothes when we go to kill +hogs.” Our Alick subsided. This man was shot soon after. +It was a cowardly deed. The Regiment participated in the +long and fatigueing march to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. +On the way, at Aldie and Middleburg, it was detained in +support of cavalry.</p> + +<p>We passed on and across the Potomac ferry, at Edwards. +On the way we saw plenty of evidence of the cavalry +advance,—dead horses, accoutrements belonging to cavalry +outfit. We arrived at Hanover, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon +of July 1st. Rested and fed; then on to Gettysburg. +Marched all night—a beautiful moon-light night. As we +passed farm houses, the people came out with water and +refreshments, handed us as we passed along foot-sore and +tired. An Aide-de-camp came riding along, saying: “Boys, +keep good courage, McClellan is in command of the army, +again.” Instantly the space above was filled with the hats +and caps of the gratified soldiers. They shouted and +hollered, and kicked up their heels, and were frisky with the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>22]</a></span> +supposed good news. I mention this to show with what +veneration Little Mac. was held by the Army of the Potomac. +I knew this was untrue, myself, but it served its purpose as +intended. Many a brave heart went down next day with +that belief in his heart. On to Gettysburg. We arrived in +sight of line of battle being formed, at 9 <small>A. M.</small>, July 2nd. +Lunched, and was then moved up near Round Top. Was +halted again, and awaited the coming struggle. It came.</p> + +<p>The regiment was formed in line of battle, with the +brigade, and was moved nearer the battle going on in front +of us, with other troops engaged. The regiment stood under +fire at least a half hour before it became engaged, getting a +large share of spent balls from the front. Soon the general +commanding Division, Brown, said: “Boys, I want you to +put in a few licks for Pennsylvania; the Buck-tails will go +in on your left. Forward.” It was a relief to hear the +order, “March.” We advanced into the maelstrom of Rebel +bullets. By some oversight our right was exposed, and we +had to contend with three to one. We held them until they +made a fierce charge, charging our right and doubling it +to the rear of our left. We were taken at a great disadvantage. +I looked to our rear; our colors were there, and men +rallying around them. Our colonel, H. H. Jeffords, was +there, in the thickest of the struggle, calling on the boys to +save the flag. They needed no urging; they fought like +demons. Our colonel was killed—shot and then bayoneted. +A brave man was killed by the hand of a traitor,—and many +others, too, who were simple privates, but heroes for all that; +every one of them who fell doing his duty, or imposed duty.</p> + +<p>We had to fall back. The writer was here wounded, and +the battle surged beyond him. Soon the enemy came, tearing +back in retreat. They had struck the brave old 6th Army +Corps, just arrived, and in time to save the day. The Rebels +went back flying, with the 6th Corps men close after them. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>23]</a></span> +They had no time to scoop any of the wounded, as they had +all they could attend to in getting out themselves. It was +now dusk; the fierce struggle was over for the night. The +struggle had been simply terrible; the carnage was awful; +the fire incessant. Groans and oaths of the wounded were +heard on every hand. Many would have recovered, had they +had care. But it was impossible to reach all. The writer, +with others, was loaded into an ambulance, at two o’clock in +the morning of July 3d, and taken to an old house to the +north, and east of the battle ground. Here were many +wounded. Among those in the house was a Rebel Colonel, +shot through the breast. He sat in the only chair in the +house. He commanded a Louisiana Regiment, and was +wounded early in the fight. I saw him lying on the ground, +after the fight had surged by me. I think he died.</p> + +<p>The 2d day of July, 1863, ended the writer’s service in +the field. The 3d day of July was ushered in with an ominous +quiet. No sound of cannon broke the stillness, until +near ten o’clock, <small>A. M.</small>, when mutterings of the awful strife, +inaugurated later, began to be heard. Soon the din began. +The voices of an hundred big mouthed guns began to vomit +forth its death dealing missiles. The Infantry now began to +put in its refrain; after a few spasmodic belchings, of the firing, +the tremendous concussion of all arms became general. +About five miles of line of battle could be seen from where us +non-combatants lay. The whole line was ablaze. Firing +was incessant. Salvos after salvos, of artillery belched forth. +The air was full of flying missiles—death everywhere. Thus +the strife continued all day—an awful day, too, for those who +lay helpless in plain view. Charge after charge was made by +the determined enemy, but they were repulsed each and +every time by the boys in blue. The anxiety was terrible to +those who could not participate in the struggle. The very +air seemed to be ablaze. The suspense became painful later +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>24]</a></span> +in the day. Such persistency seemed, must be, rewarded +with success.</p> + +<p>Still the fight went on, and seemed to us an age of suspense. +Many wounded came from the front. Ten thousand +questions were asked of those who had been wounded, “how +goes the battle?” Some would answer, doubtful, others +would say, “our side would win.” It was curious to note +the countenances of those who heard the news, some with +great anxiety in their faces, others with confidence depicted +in every feature. Finally, the awful noise died away; news +was brought by an aide-de-camp “that the enemy had hauled +off.” These men who were dying would raise themselves to +a sitting posture, and utter one hurrah! Lay down and die! +The work of death ceased. The rebels retreated. Thus +ended the three days battle of Gettysburg. The 4th ranks +were badly depleted. So was the whole army. The sanitary +commission was on hand, and rendered great service, in the +care of the wounded. One poor fellow of our regiment, a +Company D man, was shot in the head. He would get on his +knees, put his head on the ground, and twist his head in the +ground. He bored that way until death put an end to his +sufferings. Many died of their wounds, and were buried then +and there. The wounded were sent away as fast as possible. +The writer, with others, left for Baltimore, and remained a +few days at that place, at a Catholic Infirmary. We were +treated with great kindness by the Sisters of that benevolent +institution. The ladies of Baltimore—God bless them—they +regaled us with all the luxuries of the season, I can never +forget their kindness.</p> + +<p>The subsequent history of the regiment is taken from the +official sources, (Michigan in the War,) with some personal +recollections.</p> + +<p>The struggle in which the regiment was engaged at +Gettysburg, may be inferred from the following notice of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>25]</a></span> +services of its corps, the 5th, as stated by Mr. Greeley, in his +“American Conflict.” Sickles’ new position was commanded +by the Rebel Batteries, posted on Seminary Ridge, in his +front, scarcely half a mile distant. While magnificent lines +of battle, a mile and a half long, swept up to his front and +flanks, crushing him back with heavy loss, and struggling +desperately to seize Round Top, at his left. Meade regarded +this hill as vital to the maintenance of our position, and had +already ordered Sykes to advance the 5th corps, with all +possible haste, to save and hold it.</p> + +<p>A fierce and bloody struggle ensued, for the enemy had +nearly carried the hill before Sykes reached it. While +Humphrey, who with one of Sykes’ Divisions, had been +posted on Sickles’ right, was in turn assailed in front and +flank, and driven back with a loss of 2,000 out of 5,000 men.</p> + +<p>After the death of Colonel Jeffords, Lt. Col. Lumbard assumed +command of the Regiment, pursuing the enemy from +Gettysburg; the 4th marched to Williamsport. On July 12th, +the enemy having crossed the Potomac, the Regiment proceeded +to Berlin; thence on the 17th it marched to Warrenton, +by way of Mannassas Gap; then proceeded to Beverly Ford, +where it remained until Sept. 16th, thence to Culpepper, remaining +there until the 9th of October; again crossing the +Rappahannock, it encamped near Beverly Ford; recrossing +on the following day, it assisted in driving the enemy, who +were advancing, back to Brandy Station, the 4th acting as +flankers, for the 5th corps. On the 12th the Regiment recrossed +the Rappahannock, and fell back with the army, via +Bealton, Warrenton Junction, and Centerville, to Fairfax +Station, where it remained until the 18th, when it marched +forward to Three Mile Station, near Warrenton Junction, +and went into camp.</p> + +<p>In Col. Lumbard’s report, he says: “The Regiment has +participated in all the movements of the Army of the Potomac, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>26]</a></span> +and have not mentioned the many reconnoisances, and +the number of times the Regiment has been on small skirmishes +with the enemy. The Regiment has marched during +the year over 700 miles.”</p> + +<p>The 4th, in command of Colonel Lumbard, who had been +commissioned as Colonel, to rank from July 3rd, then in 2nd +Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Corps. (Griffin’s) advanced on the +7th of Nov., 1863, with Army of the Potomac, from its camp +near Three Mile Station, on the O. & A. R. R. to the Rappahannock +River, and the same day participated in the engagement +at Rappahannock Station. On the 3rd the Regiment +was ordered, with its Brigade, to keep open the communication +from Bealton to Kelly’s Ford, and engaged in that +duty until the 19th, when the command rejoined its corps +near Kelly’s Ford. Breaking camp on the 26th, the command +moved toward the Rapidan River, which it crossed at Germania +Ford. On the 28th, the Regiment moved to the right +of the position at Mine Run, but did not become engaged. +On the night of the 30th, it fell back across the Rapidan. +The 5th corps, being ordered on guard duty along the Orange +and Alexandria R. R., the Regiment arrived at Bealton on +the 1st of December, where it remained until the 30th of +April, 1864, when it broke camp and marched to Rappahannock +Station. On the 1st of May, the Regiment crossed the +Rappahannock River, and camped near Brandy Station, and +thence on the 3rd, marched to Culpepper. On the morning +of the 4th it started from Culpepper to participate in the +Summer Campaign, crossing the Rapidan at Germania Ford. +On the 5th, 6th and 7th, the Regiment participated in the +Battles of the Wilderness. Col. Lumbard was mortally +wounded on the 5th, and died on the 6th. In the same engagement, +Capt. W. H. Loveland, Company B, was wounded, +and died of his wounds on the 31st of same month. On the +night of the 7th, the 4th, then commanded by Lt. Col. J. W. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>27]</a></span> +Hall, moved toward Spottsylvania. Arrived at Laurel Hill +on the morning of the 8th, it here became engaged with the +enemy, and again on the 9th. On the 10th it assisted in a +charge upon and capture of the enemy’s rifle pits, loosing 20 +killed and wounded. On the 11th and 12th the Regiment +was in the advanced lines of the corps, and on the 13th and +14th was engaged as skirmishers. On the evening of the +latter date the command moved to the left of the army, near +Spottsylvania Court House, and remained here until the 19th. +It then took part in the movement to North Anna River, +which it crossed on the 24th, near Jericho Mills, the Regiment +participating in the engagement at this place. On the +night of the 26th it recrossed the North Anna and marched to +Hanovertown, crossing the Pamunky River on the 28th. On +the 29th, 30th and 31st of May, and 1st of June, it was engaged +as skirmishers, and on the 3rd it participated in the +capture of the enemy’s line of works near Bethesda church. +In the engagement Lieut. James N. Vesey, Company C, was +killed. On the 5th, the Regiment marched to Bottoms +Bridge, and on the 14th crossed the James River, at Wilcox’s +Landing, whence it proceeded to the lines in front of Petersburg, +where it arrived on the 16th. On the next day the +Regiment was engaged as skirmishers, and on the 19th took +part in the engagement of that date, loosing 8 killed and +wounded. During the engagements from Nov. 1st, 1863, to +June 19th, 1864, the Regiment lost 3 officers and 37 men, +killed or died of wounds, with 6 missing in action. Although +this loss seems small, yet it was about 15 per cent. of its whole +strength. The term of service for which the Regiment had +been mustered in expired June 19th, 1864. It was accordingly +relieved, and on the 20th it embarked on transports at +City Point for Washington.</p> + +<p>It arrived at Detroit on the 26th, and on the 30th of June +the companies were mustered out of service. Of those on +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>28]</a></span> +the rolls, the terms of 200 men and 23 officers had expired. +Of these, 32 men and 1 officer were prisoners, in the hands of +the enemy; 135 men and 22 officers were present for muster +out, since the 1st of Nov., 1863. The Regiment had received +110 recruits, including a new company, organized at Hillsdale, +Michigan, which joined the Regiment on the 16th of +May, and which remained in service with the Reorganized +Regiment, 129 men of the Regiment re-enlisted as volunteers, +and on the 30th of June, there were 280 men and 3 officers on +the rolls, whose terms of office had not expired. These were +ordered to duty with the First Michigan Infantry, when the +4th left the field of war. The total membership of the 4th +Regiment had been, during its service, 1,325, while its losses +were 273, of which 8 officers and 115 men were killed in action; +4 officers, 50 men, died of wounds; one officer and 95 +men of disease.</p> + +<div class="cpoem"> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Their brows bear many a gory stain,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Their white lips press not ours again,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And eyes that once our life light were,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Give back a cold, appalling stare.<br /></span> +</div> +</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"><!-- blank page --></a></span></p> + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>30]</a></span></p> + +<h2>Reminiscences.</h2> + + +<h3 class="padtop">INCIDENTS IN AND OUT OF CAMP, NO. 1.</h3> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm06.png" width="400" height="300" +alt="The exploding barrel." /> +</div> + +<p>In winter of 1861-2, at Camp Minor’s Hill, Virginia, +Company B had a man who was an inveterate forager, in +fact, he was peculiarly adapted to that branch of service. +He would be absent a week at a time. When he showed up +in camp, he was put on extra duty, or punished in some +form. At one time he was to stand on a barrel two hours. +Some of the boys dug a hole, and placed about a peck of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>31]</a></span> +blank cartridges in the same; dug a trench to a tent ten feet +away and laid a train of powder; put the barrel over the +hole. Soon the culprit was brought, and caused to mount +the barrel. Soon that barrel took a flying leap heavenward +ten feet in the air. The man, with arms and legs extended, +and with a look I never shall forget. When he struck the +earth, he said, with a grim sense of humor, “Well boys, you +came damned near translating me—making a second prophet +of me; I am inclined to think the route you would have +caused me to take, would be poor foraging.”</p> + +<p>On one of his migratorial expeditions, he met with the +last enemy to be conquered—Death. He was fairly educated, +and a man of good sense. He would not learn drill or to +handle a musket. He would have made a proficient spy. I +have thought sometimes he was employed in that capacity, +unknown to the Regiment, for he would leave camp as soon +as he was relieved. The barrel episode was the most severe +punishment he ever received, at our hands. It was my province +to look after the Company, and absent ones. I rarely +reported him absent. I enjoyed many a toothsome viand, +the result of his foraging. He had at one time ten thousand +dollars, in Erie and Kalamazoo money, and he assured me +got rid of it all.</p> + + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 2.</h3> + +<p>When the Regiment went into camp for the winter, 1861, +the boys built quarters of logs, with canvas tops; Company +B built what they called a Hermitage, of timber, mud and +canvas. Its capacity was for about twenty of the men. A +chimney was constructed of sticks and mud for a base, +topped out with barrels. One night, we, of the shoulder +straps and high chevrons, got an invite to a barbacue at the +Hermitage. As we filed in a huge fire, with half a yearling +steer hanging over the fire place, met our view. It hung +directly in the blaze; the boys were occasionally throwing +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>32]</a></span> +water on the meat to baste it. As fast as the outside was +cooked, it was sliced off and passed around. Whiskey was +plenty, and copiously used, to wash down the banquet. +Songs and speeches were in order. By the way, Company B +had plenty of talent—doctors, lawyers, preachers and gentlemen; +a good time all around. Finally some one of the +party, who had not the fear of his Creator, or shoulder straps +in his heart, blew up the chimney barrels, and all went up in +smoke.</p> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm07.png" width="400" height="286" +alt="The exploding chimney barrels." /> +</div> + + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 3.</h3> + +<p>The writer of this was Orderly Sergeant of Company B +a part of 1861-2. And certain characters of the Company +considered it legal to plunder this much abused official’s +pipes, tobacco, and even whiskey was deemed free, whenever +or wherever found. The writer suffered many a loss in this +line. One especially, who bored him unceasingly for a +chance to smoke a very large pipe, holding a quarter pound +of tobacco. I will call him “Croxton,” “Jack,” for short. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>33]</a></span> +One morning I sat in my tent making morning report. I had +filled this big pipe, and laid it on the desk in front of me, +expecting “Jack” to call for a smoke. He came in due time, +and asked if he might smoke my big pipe? I told him I had +just filled it for my own use. Well, he said, I was busy +then, and could smoke after he got through. He always had +a story to tell me. He sat with his legs hanging inside the +doorway, (the shanty was built of logs). I passed him the +pipe; he commenced smoking, and telling me a yarn. Soon +the pipe exploded, his heels went up, and he over backwards. +He arose and said, “you think you are damned smart.” He +asked for no more smoke.</p> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm08.png" width="400" height="319" +alt="The exploding pipe." /> +</div> + + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 4.</h3> + +<p>One day a blizzard came along, and devastated things +generally. Among the calamities was the destruction of our +sutlers’ shebang. It was in panels, built of thin boards. It +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>34]</a></span> +was scuttled very promiscuous, and his stock of goods were +distributed to all points. The boys were watching with +pleased expressions on their countenances. They could +stand the temptation no longer, and they went to gathering +the spoils in. The sutler howled and ordered them off. +They paid no attention. He said he would see about it, and +started to see the Colonel. While he was gone, everything +in sight was gobbled, and he could not find hide nor hair of +any article. I found two boxes cigars, some figs, a jack +knife, and a few other articles, thrust under my tent. I did +not hesitate to appropriate, notwithstanding my religious +proclivities. It was a clean sweep—a dead loss—to the old +boodler. He got my first pay, more than half, and old +sledge got the balance. He soon had another invoice of +goods, and proceeded to lay up an account against the boys.</p> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm09.png" width="400" height="277" +alt="The sutler tries to keep the men away." /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>35]</a></span></p> + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 5.</h3> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm10.png" width="400" height="320" +alt="A guest is thrown out of the tent." /> +</div> + +<p>Be it understood, that the calibre of the commission, or +officers of the 4th Michigan, was of a high order, for courage +and undisputed ability, as the roster in appendix of this narration +shows. On a certain occasion, Captain O. was holding +a levee at his quarters. All went well. Punch and other refreshments +were freely indulged in. Hilarity ran high. +Captain O. attempted to make a short speech. His muddled +condition caused a remark from another befuddled officer, +that did not please the choleric Captain. He threw open the +flaps to the entrance of the tent; divested himself of some of +his uniform, and proceeded with the attempt to throw his +guests out. But the doughty Captain struck a bigger job than +he could handle. The result was, the Captain was picked up +and deposited ten rods away in a ditch that had been dug +around a tent. This same brilliant officer afterwards +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>36]</a></span> +commanded a Regiment. He sent them into their first battle +without ammunition. But the courage of the promoted Captain +was undoubted.</p> + + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 6.</h3> + +<p>Fooling with supposed empty shells, is sometimes disastrous. +The Banner Company of the Regiment were much +given to old sledge and poker, and often plied their avocation +into the wee small hours of night, contrary to express +orders—lights out after taps. But these injunctions were +not always heeded, as the sequel will show. Some of the +boys had found a shell not exploded. They, as supposed, +dug out all the powder, and on the occasion of a night’s occupation +of their favorite pastime, used the shell as a candlestick. +They inserted their short piece in the fuse hole, and +proceeded with the game. The candle burned low; the +lighted wick dropped into the shell; a tremendous explosion +was the result. It totally demolished the tent, and nearly +severed the flag-staff near by—so much so it fell over. But, +strange to relate, nobody was hurt. They supposed they +had got all the powder out. Moral—do not play cards after +taps, nor use a shell for a candlestick, unless you are positive +it is not loaded.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>37]</a></span></p> + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 7.</h3> + +<div class="figcenter imgw"> +<img src="images/frm11.png" width="400" height="301" +alt="A soldier in a tree taunts the enemy across the river." /> +</div> + +<p>In the spring of 1863, just before the Gettysburg campaign, +the 4th Michigan was doing guard duty on the Rappahannock +river, at Kelly’s Ford, Virginia. The writer’s company +was detached for picket duty. We were stationed at +Mountain Run Ford, down the river from Kelly’s Ford, some +three miles. The river at this place was shallow. We +guarded against cavalry, had to be constantly on the alert. +We also patrolled the river some three miles down. At the +end of our patrol route, lived an old Rebel cuss. He was +bitter in his denunciation of the Yankees. His name was +Atkinson,—a cousin to the Atkinson of Bleeding Kansas +fame. At his house we met another patrol from lower down, +and compared notes. We had to watch the old reprobate +closely; also had to keep an eye on his domestics. The first +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>38]</a></span> +patrol was conducted by the writer, and was quite early +in the morning. We followed the bank of the river +about a half mile from our reserve. Standing close on the +bank of the stream stood a large persimmon tree, well loaded +with the luscious fruit. The bank sloped sudden and abrupt +from the river. The patrol passed on, and I mounted the +tree, crawled out on a big limb, settled myself to scraping in +the fruit; I did not even taste the berries, but dumped them +into my haversack. The patrol passed on out of my range. +Soon a gentle sound was wafted to my ears from across the +river. There was no mistaking the ominous sound and its +purport. It said, “Yank! come over.” I gazed over the +water. There, in plain view, was ten or a dozen rebel +cavalrymen, with their carbines pointed at me, and a laughing. +They repeated, “Yank, come over.” I could see nothing +to laugh at, and told them so. They insisted that I +should come to them. I told them, “I could not swim, and +the water was too deep to wade.” Well, “that did not +make any difference. You must come anyhow.” I said, +well, here goes for a try. I slid to the ground. As I struck +the earth, one of them fired. The ball went high over my +head. I suspect he shot high on purpose to remind me of +my obligation.</p> + +<p>I waited for no more invitations, but threw myself flat +on the ground, and with one tremendous wriggle, slid out of +range. This brought a volley from the Rebels. The firing +brought my patrol back, double quick. The Rebels skedaddled +as fast as their horses could bear them away. The +boys were terribly in earnest, but when they knew the situation, +they had a big laugh at my expense. The racket also +brought our reserve, with a battle in their mind. After +learning the cause, the reserve returned, and we, the patrol, +went our rounds. The old man Atkinson was the bitterest +old devil or Rebel it was my fortune to meet in all my stay +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>39]</a></span> +in Dixie; and he did not disguise his sentiments. I will say +those persimmons were not ripe; their looks were deceiving. +I advise all who hanker after persimmons, to wait until they +are thoroughly ripe; for unless they are matured, they will +pucker up any vacuum that they put their grip upon; but +they are delicious when ripe.</p> + + +<h3>INCIDENT NO. 8.</h3> + +<p>While the regiment lay at Kelly’s Ford, before the +Gettysburg campaign, we were paid off. Being in arrear of +pay, we received quite a boodle of money. The communication +between our army and Washington, by way of Aquia +Creek, was temporary and somewhat uncertain. Trains of +forage, and ambulances, were sent through attended by a +heavy guard. After getting paid, the men were desirous of +sending their surplus money home. It would go by Adams’ +Express, from Aquia. Our chaplain, (Seage,) a brave, good +man, volunteered to carry it to Aquia Creek. An ambulance +train was going to make the trip, heavily guarded; the +chaplain was to accompany it. The train left very early in +the morning without the chaplain. But, nothing daunted, +he followed on, expecting soon to overtake it. About four +miles out he had to cross a swale with corduroy road. Just +across was timber; and on approaching the timber, he saw +two men step from behind trees, and at the same time +ordered him to approach. He wheeled his horse, and in +turning around one of the would-be robbers fired on him, +hitting him in one wrist. This did not stop him. They +yelled to him to halt, and at the same time fired again, hitting +him in the shoulder. But the knowing mare carried her +brave rider to the rear, and out of danger. He threw himself +on his faithful horse’s neck, and clung there until the faithful +animal galloped into camp, weak with loss of blood, but +with a brave heart still palpitating. A detail of cavalry was +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>40]</a></span> +immediately sent out, but with no result. Our brave chaplain +was kindly cared for, and eventually recovered, but +badly crippled. He risked his life to save the boys’ money. +Our money was returned to us, and we had to carry it +through the Gettysburg fight. My share of money sent was +four hundred dollars. I had it in my pocket when I was +wounded, after, at Gettysburg. I was a prisoner for a few +minutes, but the noble Sixth Army Corps made it such a +necessity to the Johnnies to git, they had no time to scoop us +in. Brave old corps, I remember you with gratitude.</p> + + +<h3>A LITTLE WAR EXPERIENCE.</h3> + +<p>After the battle of Malvern Hill, our column moved on +to Harrison Landing. We arrived there after daylight, in +the morning. Made coffee, and rested a little. The Rebels +followed up in small force, and commenced shelling us. We +were moved out and formed in line of battle. In front of us +was timber; in our rear was mud, and plenty of it, of a +slushy nature. The Rebel guns threw railroad iron at us. +They fired high. The missiles went to our rear. As these +pieces of iron struck the mud, caused the slush to mount +high in air, and in sheets. A New York regiment had just +arrived by boat, (a new regiment.) They were moved to our +front. I noticed the officers had hand satchels, and had +paper collars around their necks. Our fellows cried, “Soft +bread,” “Fresh fish,” and other appellations. The poor +devils passed on into the woods, but the Rebels were in full +retreat. Hooker had gone out with a brigade, and took them +in flank. From here a detail from our regiment was sent to +our State to recruit, to help fill the depleted ranks. The +writer was one of this number.</p> + +<p>We boarded a mail boat that plied between the landing +and Fort Monroe, and with an escort, a turtle gun boat, +started down the James, for Fort Monroe. On our way down, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>41]</a></span> +our boat was the target for Rebel guns along the bank of the +river. The pilot house was sheeted over with iron, and when +the musket balls came in contact with the iron, it caused a +terrible racket. At one place, a bend in the river, they had +thrown up a redoubt, and had two pieces of cannon ranged on +the river. But our little turtle wiggled up, (gun boat,) and +hurled a few shells at them; causing them to limber up and +skedaddle very sudden. We arrived all right at the Fort, +took steamer for Baltimore, and to God’s country. Recruiting +was slow, for the old regiment men feared to enlist for it, +as they would be pushed immediately to the front. I would +prefer an old organization, as I would get the benefit of their +experience. Whereas a new regiment, if pushed to the front, +would labor under a great disadvantage.</p> + + +<h3>A LITTLE “BLACK HORSE” CAVALRY, NO TERROR TO 4TH +MICHIGAN BOYS.</h3> + +<p>A short time before first Bull Run fight, the 4th Michigan, +with other regiments, were in camp at Cloud’s Mills, +Virginia, about 5 miles out from Alexandria, towards Fairfax +Court House. Our pickets were well extended out, in +above named direction. One day the writer, with about 20 +of the Regiment were out towards Fairfax. We seen a small +column of cavalry approaching with a flag of truce hoisted. +As they drew near, it proved to be an escort of the famous +Black Horse Cavalry. We were ranged all along the road as +they passed. They were conducting a man and woman to our +lines. On their return, we encountered them again. I noticed +the contrast between those Rebel troopers, their sullen +and vindictive appearance, and compared them to the cheerful +and wideawake countenance of our men. They passed on +towards Fairfax. We felt we could have cleaned them out in +fifteen minutes. There was nothing about the Black Horse +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>42]</a></span> +Cavalry, that was very terrifying. I saw better men and +horses every day, of our brave troopers.</p> + + +<h3>A LITTLE WAR CLOUD.</h3> + +<p>While the army was stationed along Arlington, from Chain +Bridge, Potomac, to Alexandria, Virginia, the 4th Michigan +occupied the ground in and about Fort Woodbury, on Arlington. +Our picket line was extended out to, or near Minor’s +Hill, which we occupied, later on, in winter quarters, +1861-2. At one time, while our Regiment was doing guard +duty, at above named place, picket firing was in order, with +but little damage to either side, but very annoying. One +morning, about day break, our doughty and valorous Captain +George Spalding, formed about 20 of Company B, and started +out to see what could be developed in our front. (By the +way, our Captain Spalding was a brave man, a little reckless, +but all wool and a yard wide.) We marched out in Indian +file, the Captain leading. The writer being 1st Sergeant, was +next. After going a half mile, and near the road running +down the hill, east, and towards our approach, we saw at our +right a picket stationed in a rail pile, put up in Chevron +form. He fired his gun, and then took to his heels. Right +at the end of the road, where it comes down the hill, the road +turned abruptly to the south. Right in this angle the Rebel +reserve picket lay. This was also their videt post. About +20 of the Johnnies lay in this elbow, and apparently asleep, +for we were within 20 feet of them before they discovered us. +The shot of the picket on our approach woke them up. +They were taken completely by surprise. They were a good +deal excited, (also ourselves,) and broke for their rear. We +fired a volley, with some effect. One burley Rebel, ran about +ten rods, suddenly halted, turned around, brought his gun to +shoulder, and fired. I think the shot was intended for our +Captain, but missed him, and I being directly behind him, or +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>43]</a></span> +a little to his left, the ball just grazed my right ear. Before +this Rebel could face to the rear, a shot from the gun of one +Fisher, laid him low. Fisher jumped the fence and obtained +his knapsack. The racket stirred up a nest of Rebels, over +the hill. Soon we saw guns dance above the brow of the hill, +as the Johnnies double-quicked up the slope, on the other +side of the hill; they arrived in plain view, battalion front, a +whole Regiment of them. Then we were admonished to git—and +we did. They fired after us, but without effect. Right +here was done some tall skedaddling, through brush, over +logs and rough ground. This encroachment on their premises, +made the Johnnies mad; they kept up a continual +fusillade during the day.</p> + +<p>Later on, after going into camp, at Minor’s Hill, the +Rebels tried to locate a battery about two miles to the west +of our camp, and in plain view, a valley between. Two guns +of a battery near our head quarters were unlimbered, and +proceeded to sling shell over among them. Our fellows +greeted them so lively, that the Johnnies were fain to limber +up and steal away.</p> + +<p><small>NOTE</small>—The events narrated in these Reminiscences, are +not in chronological order, but are facts all the same, as can +be verified, and attested by others belonging to the Regiment.</p> + + +<h3>EULOGY.</h3> + +<p>Comrades, I cannot close this imperfect recital, without +saying a few words to you all. I am aware of my inability +to do justice to the subject. I have omitted many incidents +that happened while in service together. I can see you all as +you used to appear on the march, in battle, and in the quiet +camp. Your pranks and repartee are fresh in my memory. +45 of the numbers that made up the roster of Company B, +were from our sister state, Indiana, and all comrades were true +as steel. You all need to be proud of your record, and the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[<span class="hidden">Pg </span>44]</a></span> +part the glorious old 4th took in suppressing treason. A +quarter of a century from now will close the roster for +nearly all of us; a much shorter time for myself. Comrades, +overlook what you may have seen amiss in me. We are all +finite, none perfect. You were a splendid class of men, and +none braver. Your record will be handed down to your posterity, +and they will point back to your probation here with +pride. “My forefathers helped to throttle treason.”</p> + +<p class="sig smcap">Good-By Comrades.</p> + + + + +<div class="bbox"> +<p><b>Transcriber's Note</b></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_20">20</a> contains "It was amusing to." This may be missing 'me' from +the end of the sentence, or 'to' should have been 'too'. As it is +impossible to be certain, it is preserved as printed.</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_21">21</a> contains reference to a sea of mud, followed by "The army slashed +around...." Slashed may be a typographic error for splashed, or the author may have +intentionally used slashed to indicate hard-going on swampy ground. As it is +impossible to be certain, it is preserved as printed.</p> + +<p>Variable spelling is preserved as printed when there is a single instance +of the word, e.g. Gainsville, canister and cannister, fatigueing, +Mannassas, barbacue, underbush and underbrush. Variation in spelling of +proper nouns where there is more than one instance has been made consistent, +as follows:</p> + +<div class="amends"> +<p>Page <a href="#Page_10">10</a>—Miner’s amended to Minor’s—"With the advance of the army from +Minor’s Hill, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_19">19</a>—Chancellorville amended to Chancellorsville—"... it marched out to +and beyond Chancellorsville, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_21">21</a>—Kelley’s amended to Kelly’s—"... the 4th, was ordered to Kelly’s +Ford, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_21">21</a>—Johnney amended to Johnny—"... Johnny Reb., why don’t you +wear ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_25">25</a>—Beverley amended to Beverly—"... it encamped near Beverly +Ford, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_25">25</a>—Rappanhannock amended to Rappahannock—"On the 12th the Regiment +recrossed the Rappahannock, ..."</p> +</div> + +<p>Seconds and thirds may be written as 2d or 2nd, and 3d or 3rd respectively.</p> + +<p>Minor punctuation errors have been repaired.</p> + +<p>Hyphenation and capitalisation has been made consistent.</p> + +<p>The following typographic errors have been fixed:</p> + +<div class="amends"> +<p>Page <a href="#Page_6">6</a>—unusal amended to unusual—"About the same time, I felt an unusual +sensation ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_7">7</a>—civillians amended to civilians—"The rush of soldiers, congressmen, +and other civilians, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_12">12</a>—come amended to came—"... when zip, pinge, came the warning to get out."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_14">14</a>—Lousiana amended to Louisiana—"The 4th Michigan about used up the +Louisiana Tigers."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_15">15</a>—Masschusetts amended to Massachusetts—"The 9th Massachusetts, one +of our brigade, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_15">15</a>—Rebesl amended to Rebels—"... that the Rebels attacked with great +fury."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_15">15</a>—mischievious amended to mischievous—"Some mischievous fellow in +the rear ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_16">16</a>—splended amended to splendid—"... after Mac., who was a splendid +rider ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_19">19</a>—manouvered amended to maneuvered—"We maneuvered around, for a +while."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_19">19</a>—come amended to came—"The Johnnies came out of the woods in our front ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_21">21</a>—beautifull amended to beautiful—"... a beautiful moon-light +night."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_23">23</a>—srife amended to strife—"... when mutterings of the awful +strife, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_24">24</a>—aid-de-camp amended to aide-de-camp—"... news was brought by +an aide-de-camp ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_26">26</a>—Irvland amended to Loveland (name confirmed against official +records)—"In the same engagement, Capt. W. H. Loveland, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_35">35</a>—choloric amended to choleric—"... that did not please the +choleric Captain."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_37">37</a>—rout amended to route—"At the end of our patrol route, lived an old Rebel +cuss."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_39">39</a>—desirious amended to desirous—"... the men were desirous of +sending their surplus money home."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_40">40</a>—arrivied amended to arrived—"We arrived there after daylight, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_41">41</a>—CAVALARY amended to CAVALRY—"A LITTLE “BLACK HORSE” CAVALRY, ..."</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_43">43</a>—stired amended to stirred—"The racket stirred up a nest of +Rebels, ..."</p> +</div> + +<p>Illustrations have been moved where necessary so they are not in the +middle of a paragraph.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Reminiscences, Incidents, Battles, +Marches and Camp Life of the Old 4th Michigan Infantry in War of Rebellion, 1861 to 1864, by O. 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