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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/34836-h.zip b/34836-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e506aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/34836-h.zip diff --git a/34836-h/34836-h.htm b/34836-h/34836-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8156f6d --- /dev/null +++ b/34836-h/34836-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,775 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<!-- $Id: header.txt 236 2009-12-07 18:57:00Z vlsimpson $ --> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Eastern Colorado, by E. 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Raymond Hall + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys), from Eastern Colorado + +Author: E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: January 4, 2011 [EBook #34836] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW POCKET GOPHER (GENUS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p> + +<h1>A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys)<br /> +from Eastern Colorado</h1> + +<h5>BY</h5> + +<h3>E. RAYMOND HALL</h3> + +<h4>University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History<br /> +<br /> +Volume 5, No. 8, pp. 81-85<br /> +October 1, 1951</h4> + +<h4>University of Kansas<br /> +LAWRENCE<br /> +1951</h4> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,<br /> +Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson<br /> +<br /> +Volume 5, No. 8, pp. 81-85<br /> +October 1, 1951<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<big><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</big></h4> + +<h5>PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1951<br /> +<br /> +23-7439<br /> +</h5> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p> +<h2>A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys)<br /> +from Eastern Colorado</h2> + +<h4>By</h4> + +<h3>E. RAYMOND HALL</h3> + + +<p>The pocket gophers of the species <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> in east-central +Colorado have long been referred to the subspecies +<i>Thomomys talpoides clusius</i> Coues with type locality at Bridger +Pass, Wyoming. Recently, two subspecies, <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> and +<i>T. t. rostralis</i> (see Hall and Montague, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. +Nat. Hist., 5(3):25-32, February 28, 1951) were named from along +the Wyoming-Colorado boundary with the result that the populations +of <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> in east-central Colorado are separated +from <i>T. t. clusius</i> of Wyoming by the geographic ranges now +ascribed to the recently named <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> and <i>T. t. rostralis</i>. +The subspecific identity of the animals from east-central Colorado +thus is left in doubt. Examination of pertinent materials was made +in the expectation that the names <i>Thomomys talpoides macrotis</i> +F. W. Miller (Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:41, December 14, +1930) and <i>Thomomys talpoides cheyennensis</i> Swenk (Missouri +Valley Fauna, 4:5, March 1, 1941) would apply to the specimens, +the identity of which is in doubt. This examination discloses instead, +as set forth in more detail below, that neither of the two +names mentioned immediately above does apply; the Coloradan +specimens in question are referable to an heretofore unrecognized +subspecies which may be named and described as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-align: center"><b>Thomomys talpoides retrorsus</b> new subspecies</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><i>Thomomys clusius</i>, Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, G. P. Putnam's +Sons, New York, p. 80, 1910; Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:132, +August 17, 1911.</p> + +<p><i>Thomomys talpoides clusius</i>, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:100, November +15, 1915; F. W. Miller, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:41, +December 14, 1930; Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, Univ. Oklahoma +Press, Norman, p. 162, 1942.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Type.</i>—Male, subadult, skull and skin, No. 69840 Biological Surveys Collection, +U. S. Nat. Hist.; from Flagler, Kit Carson County, Colorado; obtained +on November 26, 1894, by Clark P. Streator; original No. 4460.</p> + +<p><i>Range.</i>—Western end of the Arkansas Divide in Colorado from eight miles +south of Seibert westward to Colorado Springs<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium (see measurements); upper parts grayish brown; +underparts lighter; skull small; tympanic bullae moderately inflated and +angular anterolaterally; interpterygoid space narrowly U-shaped; pterygoid +hamuli without transverse enlargement; nasals truncate posteriorly; premaxillary +tongues projecting posteriorly behind nasals for distance of eight-tenths +(0.5-1.1) of a millimeter.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—In comparison with <i>T. t. fossor</i> and <i>T. t. rostralis</i>, which +occur farther west, selected differences of <i>T. t. retrorsus</i> are: lighter color; +larger skull; more inflated tympanic bullae; greater relative (to length of skull) +breadth across upper incisors, rostrum, and zygomata. The difference in +color is greater in comparison with <i>fossor</i> than with <i>rostralis</i>.</p> + +<p>In comparison with <i>T. t. macrotis</i> (specimens from the type locality), <i>T. t. +retrorsus</i> is indistinguishable in color, length of tail, and length of tooth-row, +but averages smaller in all other measurements. There is no overlap in +length of body, basilar length, zygomatic breadth, mastoidal breadth or +length of nasals. The temporal ridges, which mark the limits of the temporal +muscles, are straight as opposed to curved and are lower. The tympanic +bullae are more angular anterolaterally in <i>T. t. retrorsus</i>.</p> + +<p>From <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> to the north, <i>T. t. retrorsus</i> differs in darker (more +brown) color, consistently longer body, relatively (to length of skull) shorter +rostrum and nasals. Linear measurements of the two latter structures and +length of tail are approximately the same in the two subspecies but all other +measurements average more in <i>T. t. retrorsus</i>. Also in the latter the temporal +lines are approximately parallel instead of being bowed outward in their +middle extent and instead of being more widely separated posteriorly than +anteriorly.</p> + +<p>From <i>T. t. cheyennensis</i> to the northeast, <i>T. t. retrorsus</i> differs in slightly +darker (more brownish) color, consistently shorter body and rostrum, usually +a more narrowly V-shaped interpterygoid space, and smaller average dimensions +of the skull, notably in mastoidal breadth and length of the rostrum.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Miller's (Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:42, December +14, 1930) mention of a specimen taken on November 9, +1930, "near the head of Beaver Creek in extreme northeastern +Elbert County" refers to the specimen, No. 2426 Colo. Mus. Nat. +Hist., which is labeled as "8 mi. N. E. Agate, Elbert Co., Colo." +Specimens from Colorado Springs, in the collection of the late E. R. +Warren, have not been examined but the fact that Cary, Warren +1942, and Bailey (see under synonymy above) each referred the +specimens to <i>clusius</i> instead of to the darker <i>fossor</i> gives basis for +tentatively referring the specimens to <i>T. t. retrorsus</i>.</p> + +<p>Grateful acknowledgment is made to those persons in charge of +the mammal collections of the Denver Museum of Natural History +and the Biological Surveys collection of mammals in the United +States National Museum for permission to examine and report upon +the material listed below (see specimens examined). The study<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> +here reported upon was aided also by a contract between the Office +of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the University of +Kansas (NR 161-791). Essential comparative materials were obtained +with assistance from the Kansas University Endowment +Association.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><i>Measurements.</i>—Measurements of the type, a male, are followed by the +measurements of three adult females (69835, 69839 and 69838) from the type +locality. Total length, 216, 207, 210, 200; length of tail, 59, 58, 64, 56; length +of hind foot, 28, 28, 28, 26; basilar length of skull, 32.8, 32.2, 32.3, 30.8; +zygomatic breadth, 23.1, 22.5, ——, 20.5; least interorbital breadth, 6.0, 6.7, +6.2, 6.1; mastoidal breadth, 18.2, 18.8, 17.7, 17.7; length of nasals, 13.0, 13.7, +13.9, 14.0; breadth of rostrum, 7.6, 7.9, 7.4, 7.2; length of rostrum, 14.8, 15.6, +15.7, 16.0; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.6, 7.2, 7.7, 7.6.</p> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 13, all from Colorado, as follows: +<i>Elbert County</i> (Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist. [= Denver Mus. Nat. Hist.]): Bijou +Creek, "near El Paso Co. line", 3; 8 mi. NE Elbert, 1. <i>Lincoln Co.</i> (U. S. +Biol. Surv. Coll.): Limon, 1. <i>Kit Carson Co.</i> (U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.): +Flagler, 7; 8 mi. S Seibert, 1.</p></div> + +<p> <i>Transmitted, February 28, 1951.</i></p> + +<h5>23-7439</h5> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys), +from Eastern Colorado, by E. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys), from Eastern Colorado + +Author: E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: January 4, 2011 [EBook #34836] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW POCKET GOPHER (GENUS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys) + from Eastern Colorado + + BY + + E. RAYMOND HALL + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + Volume 5, No. 8, pp. 81-85 + October 1, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + LAWRENCE + 1951 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, + Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 5, No. 8, pp. 81-85 + October 1, 1951 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1951 + + 23-7439 + + + + + A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys) + from Eastern Colorado + + By + + E. RAYMOND HALL + + +The pocket gophers of the species _Thomomys talpoides_ in east-central +Colorado have long been referred to the subspecies _Thomomys talpoides +clusius_ Coues with type locality at Bridger Pass, Wyoming. Recently, +two subspecies, _T. t. attenuatus_ and _T. t. rostralis_ (see Hall and +Montague, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5(3):25-32, February 28, +1951) were named from along the Wyoming-Colorado boundary with the +result that the populations of _Thomomys talpoides_ in east-central +Colorado are separated from _T. t. clusius_ of Wyoming by the geographic +ranges now ascribed to the recently named _T. t. attenuatus_ and _T. t. +rostralis_. The subspecific identity of the animals from east-central +Colorado thus is left in doubt. Examination of pertinent materials was +made in the expectation that the names _Thomomys talpoides macrotis_ F. +W. Miller (Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:41, December 14, 1930) and +_Thomomys talpoides cheyennensis_ Swenk (Missouri Valley Fauna, 4:5, +March 1, 1941) would apply to the specimens, the identity of which is in +doubt. This examination discloses instead, as set forth in more detail +below, that neither of the two names mentioned immediately above does +apply; the Coloradan specimens in question are referable to an +heretofore unrecognized subspecies which may be named and described as +follows: + + #Thomomys talpoides retrorsus# new subspecies + + _Thomomys clusius_, Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, + G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, p. 80, 1910; + Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:132, August 17, 1911. + + _Thomomys talpoides clusius_, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, + 39:100, November 15, 1915; F. W. Miller, Proc. + Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:41, December 14, 1930; + Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, Univ. Oklahoma + Press, Norman, p. 162, 1942. + + _Type._--Male, subadult, skull and skin, No. 69840 Biological + Surveys Collection, U. S. Nat. Hist.; from Flagler, Kit Carson + County, Colorado; obtained on November 26, 1894, by Clark P. + Streator; original No. 4460. + + _Range._--Western end of the Arkansas Divide in Colorado from + eight miles south of Seibert westward to Colorado Springs + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements); upper parts + grayish brown; underparts lighter; skull small; tympanic bullae + moderately inflated and angular anterolaterally; interpterygoid + space narrowly U-shaped; pterygoid hamuli without transverse + enlargement; nasals truncate posteriorly; premaxillary tongues + projecting posteriorly behind nasals for distance of + eight-tenths (0.5-1.1) of a millimeter. + + _Comparisons._--In comparison with _T. t. fossor_ and _T. t. + rostralis_, which occur farther west, selected differences of + _T. t. retrorsus_ are: lighter color; larger skull; more + inflated tympanic bullae; greater relative (to length of skull) + breadth across upper incisors, rostrum, and zygomata. The + difference in color is greater in comparison with _fossor_ than + with _rostralis_. + + In comparison with _T. t. macrotis_ (specimens from the type + locality), _T. t. retrorsus_ is indistinguishable in color, + length of tail, and length of tooth-row, but averages smaller in + all other measurements. There is no overlap in length of body, + basilar length, zygomatic breadth, mastoidal breadth or length + of nasals. The temporal ridges, which mark the limits of the + temporal muscles, are straight as opposed to curved and are + lower. The tympanic bullae are more angular anterolaterally in + _T. t. retrorsus_. + + From _T. t. attenuatus_ to the north, _T. t. retrorsus_ differs + in darker (more brown) color, consistently longer body, + relatively (to length of skull) shorter rostrum and nasals. + Linear measurements of the two latter structures and length of + tail are approximately the same in the two subspecies but all + other measurements average more in _T. t. retrorsus_. Also in + the latter the temporal lines are approximately parallel instead + of being bowed outward in their middle extent and instead of + being more widely separated posteriorly than anteriorly. + + From _T. t. cheyennensis_ to the northeast, _T. t. retrorsus_ + differs in slightly darker (more brownish) color, consistently + shorter body and rostrum, usually a more narrowly V-shaped + interpterygoid space, and smaller average dimensions of the + skull, notably in mastoidal breadth and length of the rostrum. + +_Remarks._--Miller's (Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:42, December 14, +1930) mention of a specimen taken on November 9, 1930, "near the head +of Beaver Creek in extreme northeastern Elbert County" refers to the +specimen, No. 2426 Colo. Mus. Nat. Hist., which is labeled as "8 mi. N. +E. Agate, Elbert Co., Colo." Specimens from Colorado Springs, in the +collection of the late E. R. Warren, have not been examined but the fact +that Cary, Warren 1942, and Bailey (see under synonymy above) each +referred the specimens to _clusius_ instead of to the darker _fossor_ +gives basis for tentatively referring the specimens to _T. t. +retrorsus_. + +Grateful acknowledgment is made to those persons in charge of the mammal +collections of the Denver Museum of Natural History and the Biological +Surveys collection of mammals in the United States National Museum for +permission to examine and report upon the material listed below (see +specimens examined). The study here reported upon was aided also by a +contract between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, +and the University of Kansas (NR 161-791). Essential comparative +materials were obtained with assistance from the Kansas University +Endowment Association. + + _Measurements._--Measurements of the type, a male, are followed + by the measurements of three adult females (69835, 69839 and + 69838) from the type locality. Total length, 216, 207, 210, 200; + length of tail, 59, 58, 64, 56; length of hind foot, 28, 28, 28, + 26; basilar length of skull, 32.8, 32.2, 32.3, 30.8; zygomatic + breadth, 23.1, 22.5, ----, 20.5; least interorbital breadth, + 6.0, 6.7, 6.2, 6.1; mastoidal breadth, 18.2, 18.8, 17.7, 17.7; + length of nasals, 13.0, 13.7, 13.9, 14.0; breadth of rostrum, + 7.6, 7.9, 7.4, 7.2; length of rostrum, 14.8, 15.6, 15.7, 16.0; + alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.6, 7.2, 7.7, 7.6. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 13, all from Colorado, as + follows: _Elbert County_ (Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist. [= Denver + Mus. Nat. Hist.]): Bijou Creek, "near El Paso Co. line", 3; + 8 mi. NE Elbert, 1. _Lincoln Co._ (U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.): + Limon, 1. _Kit Carson Co._ (U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.): Flagler, + 7; 8 mi. S Seibert, 1. + + _Transmitted, February 28, 1951._ + + + 23-7439 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys), +from Eastern Colorado, by E. Raymond Hall + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW POCKET GOPHER (GENUS *** + +***** This file should be named 34836.txt or 34836.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/8/3/34836/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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