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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Jane's All the World's Aircraft, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Jane's All the World's Aircraft
+       1913
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Fred Jane
+
+Release Date: January 2, 2011 [EBook #34815]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Shell, Jason Isbell and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Notes:
+
+  An underscore (_) is used to denote _italic_ text.
+  A tilde (~) is used to denote ~bold~ text.
+  A equals (=) is used to denote =underlined= text.
+
+Several illustrations are either blank or have only text in them. Those
+were rendered as fully as possible in plain text. Other illustrations
+are noted with an [Illustration] tag and the caption, if there is one.
+
+The advertisements which were originally at the front of the book have
+been moved to the back.
+]
+
+  JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT 1913
+
+  A Reprint of the 1913 Edition of All The World's Air-craft
+  Edited by
+  FRED T. JANE
+
+  ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
+  New York
+
+  First published by Sampson Low Marston in 1913
+  This edition published 1969 by ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
+  219 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003
+
+  Library of Congress Catalog Number 69-14964
+  ARCO Book Number 668-01880-1
+
+  Printed in Great Britain
+
+
+
+
+  _Published Annually._
+  All the World's AIR=CRAFT.
+  (ORIGINALLY KNOWN AS "ALL THE WORLD'S AIRSHIPS.") (WAR FLYING ANNUAL.)
+
+FOUNDED AND EDITED BY FRED T. JANE, Founder and Editor of "FIGHTING
+SHIPS" (Naval Annual), Etc.
+
+PART A.--AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLES OF THE WORLD. PART B.--HISTORICAL
+AEROPLANES OF THE LAST SIX YEARS. PART C.--THE WORLD'S AERIAL ENGINES.
+PART D.--AERIAL "WHO'S WHO" AND DIRECTORY.
+
+FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE. (Founded 1909.)
+
+LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd. 1913.
+
+Printed by Netherwood, Dalton & Co., Phoenix Works, Rashcliffe,
+Huddersfield.
+
+
+
+
+  CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                       PAGE
+  Preface                                                 7
+  Glossary of Technical Terms                             9
+
+
+  ~PART A.~
+
+  Argentine (~J. Schiere~)                               15
+  Austrian (~Special Austrian Editor~)                   16
+    Aeroplanes                                           17
+    Dirigibles                                           22
+  Belgian (~J. Bracke~)                                  26
+    Aeroplanes                                           27
+    Dirigibles                                           29
+  Brazilian                                              31
+  British                                                32
+    Aeroplanes                                           37
+    Dirigibles                                           60
+  British Colonies, Etc.                                 63
+  Bulgarian                                              66
+  Central American Republics                             67
+  Chilian                                                68
+  Chinese                                                69
+  Danish                                                 70
+  Dutch (~J. Schiere~)                                   71
+  French (~Special French Editor~)
+    Aeroplanes                                           73
+    Dirigibles                                          109
+  German (~Special German Editor~)                      126
+    Aeroplanes                                          131
+    Dirigibles                                          151
+  Greek                                                 168
+  Italian (~Special Italian Editor~)                    169
+    Aeroplanes                                          172
+    Dirigibles                                          176
+  Japanese (~Partly Official~)                          180
+    Aeroplanes                                          181
+    Dirigibles                                          182
+  Mexican                                               183
+  Norwegian                                             184
+  Peruvian                                              185
+  Portuguese (~J. Schiere~)                             186
+  Roumanian                                             187
+  Russian                                               188
+    Aeroplanes                                          190
+    Dirigibles                                          191
+  Servian                                               193
+  Spanish                                               195
+  Swedish (~Lieut. Dahlbeck~)                           196
+  Swiss (~Special Swiss Editor~)                        198
+  Turkish                                               200
+  Uruguay                                               200
+  United States (~W.L. Jones~)                          201
+    Aeroplanes                                          202
+    Dirigibles                                          220
+
+
+  ~PART B.~
+
+  Historical Aeroplanes of the Last Six Years            1B et seq.
+
+
+  ~PART C.~
+
+  Principal Aeroplane Engines                            1C
+    Austrian (~W. Isendahl~)                             2C
+    Belgian                                              2C
+    British                                              3C
+    French                                               4C
+    German (~W. Isendahl~)                               8C
+    Italian                                             11C
+    Swiss                                               12C
+    U.S.A.                                              13C
+
+
+  ~PART D.~
+
+  Aerial "Who's Who"                                     1D
+  Classified Aerial Directory                           12D
+  Alphabetical Index--Aeroplanes                     end of
+       "         "    Dirigibles                     book
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+As conjectured last year, considerable further changes have been
+produced in this edition.
+
+When, some five years ago, work on this annual was first commenced, the
+military aviator was an idle dream. Fighting men in dirigibles were a
+bare possibility; but nothing more than that. Every amateur building an
+aeroplane (or even merely intending to build one) in his back garden was
+a possible "conqueror of the air." The aeroplane was going to oust the
+motor car as a sporting vehicle--everyone was quite certain about that!
+Beyond that, nothing!
+
+To-day everything is completely changed and except as a war machine the
+aeroplane is of little interest or use to anyone. A few civilian
+aviators are still flying, but in practically every case they are doing
+so in connection with the business aspect of the question. There is no
+"sport of aviation" such as the prophets foretold a few years ago.
+
+An increasing number of people obtain their pilot certificates and lists
+of these are still given, although the title of "aviator" is in the bulk
+of cases somewhat of a courtesy one, since so few keep on flying once
+they have secured their brevets.
+
+It is as a _war machine_ that the aeroplane has come into its own. The
+Italian aeroplanes over and over again proved their utility in Tripoli.
+Although in the Balkan War aircraft were less in evidence than many
+expected, this may be attributed to the peculiar circumstances of the
+campaign and also to the scarcity of available machines.
+
+Every country is now engaged in forming its aerial fleets. How far the
+naval and military branches will coalesce, or how far they will
+differentiate remains to be seen. The probabilities, at present, all
+point in the latter direction, and that just as an army is made up of
+cavalry, infantry, artillery, etc., and a navy of battleships, cruisers,
+torpedo craft and submarines, so the sky fleets seem destined to consist
+of groups of different types of machines, each type designed for some
+special purpose.
+
+The increased war utility of aircraft has necessitated an extension of
+the pages devoted to organisation of military aviation, etc. The details
+given are by no means as full as I could wish; but all organisations are
+being so continually changed owing to increased experience that
+satisfactory data are not very easy to come by.
+
+During the past twelve months or so we have learned at least one or two
+important things. The mere fact of the possession of aeroplanes by a
+nation is a military factor of comparatively little importance. A nation
+possessing next to no aeroplanes can easily acquire a few hundreds in
+case of emergency _if she has the people to build them_. The real
+problem is two-fold. First, of course, is the possession of trained and
+efficient aviators to fly the machines. Naval and military officers who
+have merely secured their brevets at a flying school are of no immediate
+value; civilians of the same kind are of still less utility.
+
+Second to this is the productive capacity of any country; which may
+roughly be gauged from the number and importance of its firms engaged in
+construction.
+
+These points cannot too strongly be enforced. The air strength of any
+nation in case of war resides in its efficient flying men and in its own
+productive capacity. The next war will see aircraft quite as much
+"contraband" as warships, and the nation which relies upon aerial
+imports will be foredoomed at once. One month is probably the utmost
+effective life of an aeroplane on hard active service and it may well be
+a good deal less. And firms capable of building efficient machines
+cannot be improvised.
+
+A remarkable feature of the last twelve months has been the
+recrudescence of the dirigible, which is now in far greater esteem than
+it was a year ago, or for that matter, ever before. In the past there is
+no doubt that progress was hampered by arguments between the advocates
+of "heavier than air" and "lighter than air," and a curious notion that
+the one could only exist at the expense of the other.
+
+Such ideas are now dead, and it is recognised that for war purposes both
+have their uses and that both are interdependent. It is not quite yet
+realised how intense this interdependence is likely to be.
+
+Briefly the present situation may be summed up as follows: the dirigible
+has enormous potentialities for attack on fortified bases and the like,
+but its powers of defence, guns or no guns, are very slight. A single
+aeroplane should be able to disable or destroy without very great
+difficulty the finest dirigible yet built (supposing it able to find the
+airship in the vastness of the air). The damage that a single aeroplane
+can do to land defences or ships is, however, entirely trivial--at any
+rate at present.
+
+Hence the aerial war unit already formed in Germany, and likely to be in
+existence everywhere else ere another year or so has passed. This unit
+is a dirigible of great offensive powers, associated with a number of
+aeroplanes presumably intended to defend it and ward off and defeat
+attack by hostile aeroplanes.
+
+This is merely the crude beginning, it seems reasonably safe to prophecy
+that in the early future the aerial war-unit will be made up somewhat as
+follows:--
+
+  (_a_) An offensive dirigible, carrying the maximum of bombs, etc.
+
+  (_b_) One or two dirigibles carrying oil and petrol for the
+      aeroplanes--possibly capable of dealing with all minor repairs and
+      of carrying a certain number of aeroplanes on board.
+
+  (_c_) A number of war aeroplanes specially designed for fighting other
+      aeroplanes and attacking hostile dirigibles as chances may occur.
+
+  (_d_) A few very swift one man aeroplanes which will be the eyes of
+      the unit.
+
+This seems an early certainty. After all it merely reproduces for the
+air what centuries of experience have shewn to be essential for fleets
+and armies.
+
+The matter is a fascinating subject for speculation; but in connection
+with a work that exists merely to deal with things as they are at
+present, is perhaps, better not now pursued further. One point, however,
+may perhaps be mentioned, and that is that victory or defeat in aerial
+warfare seems likely to depend upon which side can first destroy the
+other's bases. A base-less dirigible will not live long. This is likely
+to lead to very great attention being paid at an early date to
+anti-aircraft guns and other devices for the defence of aerial bases.
+
+Reverting to the arrangement of the present edition, a few words may be
+said about some of the changes. As stated last year the clumsy old
+system of grouping monoplanes, biplanes, etc., separately has been
+abolished. So many firms specialise in both that any such grouping could
+only lead to confusion.
+
+A tabular system has been generally adopted for most new matter. This
+will be found far more convenient for reference, and of course, saves a
+great deal of space.
+
+The effective age of aeroplanes is somewhat of a vexed question, for
+while one year probably represents the really effective war utility
+endurance, even in peace time, school life is more or less indefinite
+and so is ordinary private life. Consequently--although "dead machines"
+are excluded it has not been possible to draw an exactly uniform age
+limit line beyond that. Speaking generally modern machines represent as
+a rule detail improvements rather than the complete changes of the past.
+For example, the gap between 1911 and 1913, is far less than the gap
+between 1909 and 1911. This fact is beginning to make itself felt in war
+machines.
+
+In Part B an attempt has been made to collect illustrations of
+aeroplanes of the past which for one reason or another possess an
+historical interest. This section is remarkable for two totally
+different things (1) the early anticipations of some modern practice,
+and (2) the past prevalence of certain other ideas which are now totally
+extinct.
+
+Part C deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable--in comparison
+with past issues--for the large number of engines which have ceased to
+exist. It is probably still too ample; as a year hence quite half the
+makers still recorded are likely to disappear. The mere ability to
+construct motor car engines is no longer of value. The aeroplane engine
+designer needs to be a specialist. The absolutely ideal aero-engine no
+doubt yet remains to be produced; but meanwhile the tendency of users to
+concentrate upon fewer makes is increasingly evident, despite the fact
+that the best engine for one particular type of machine is not
+necessarily the best for some other type.
+
+In conclusion I tender my most grateful thanks to all those who have so
+kindly collaborated with or for me in the various sections. The book is
+still some way from being near my ideal, but I have every hope that this
+edition will be generally considered a very considerable improvement
+upon previous issues.
+
+                  FRED T. JANE.
+
+  _Bedhampton,_
+    _Hants.,_
+      _England._
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS, Etc.
+
+
+  ENGLISH.      | DUTCH.           | FRENCH.        | GERMAN.             | ITALIAN.
+  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Abaft         | Achterste deel   | Arrière        | Hinter              | A poppa
+  Accessories   | Onderdeelen      | Accessoires    | Zubehör             | Accessori
+  Accumulator   | Accumulator      | Accumulateur   | Akkumulator         | Accumulatore
+  ~AEROPLANE~   | Dekvlieger       | Aéroplane      | Drachenflieger      | Aereoplano
+  Aeronaut      | Luchtvaarder     | Aéronaute      | Luftschiffer        | Aereonauta
+                |                  | Aviateur       |                     |
+  Aerostat      | Luchtbal         | Aérostat       | Freiballon          | Aereostato
+  Aft           | Achterdeel       | Arrière        | Hinten              | Addietro
+  After (rear)  | Achter           | Arrière        | Hinterer            | Poppa
+  Air-cooled    | Luchtgekoeld     | Refroidit par  | Luftgekuhlt         | Raffredda ad
+                |                  |  Pair          |                     |  aria
+  Angleiron     | Hoekÿzer         | Cornière       | Eck Schiene         | Ferro ad angolo
+  Anti-friction | Wit metaal       | Métal          | Lagermetall         | Metallo beanco
+   metal        |                  |  anti friction |                     | (anti frizione)
+                |                  |  on regule     |                     |
+  Aviation      | Vliegtechniek    | Aviation       | Flugtechnik         | Aviazione
+  Babbit Metal  | Babbits metaal   | Métal Babbitt  | Lagermetall         | Metallo Babbitt
+                |                  |  on regule     |                     |
+  Balance       | Evenwicht        | Equilibre      | Gleichgewicht       | Equilibrio
+  Ball bearings | Kogellagers      | Coussinets à   | Kugel Lager         | Cuscinetti a
+                |                  |  billes        |                     |  sfere
+  Ballonet      | Luchtzak         | Ballonet       | Ballonet            | Palloncino
+                |                  |                |                     |  compensatore
+  Battery       | Batterÿ          | Batterie       | Batterie            | Pila a secco
+  Bearing metal | Kussenmetaal     | Métal pour les | Lager metall        | Metallo par
+                |                  |  coussinets on |                     |  cuscinette
+                |                  |  regule        |                     |
+  Behind        | Achter           | Derrière       | Hinter              | Di dietro
+  Bevel geared  | Kegelraderwerk   | Engrenage      | Konischer           | Ingranaggio
+                |                  |  Conique       |  Antrieb            |  conico
+  Biplane       | Tweedekker       | Biplan         | Zwei decker         | Biplano
+  Blades        | Bladen           | Pales          | Flügel              | Pale
+  (of propeller)|  (der schroef)   |                |                     |  delt'elica
+  Body          | Romp             | Fuselage       | Körper              | Telaio o
+                |                  |                |                     |  chassis
+  Bolt          | Bout             | Bonlon         | Bolzen              | Bollone
+  Box-kite      | Kabel-vlieger    | Cerf-volant    | Drachen             | Aquilone a celle
+  Bracket       | Klamp            | Tasseau        | Stütze              | Sostegno
+  Brake         | Rem              | Frein          | Bremse              | Freno
+  Breadth       | Breedte          | Largeur        | Breite              | Larghezza
+  Canvas        | Doek             | Toile          | Leinwand            | Tela
+  Car           | Gondel           | Nacelle        | Gondel              | Navicella
+  Carburetter   | Vergasser        | Carburateur    | Vergaser            | Carburatore
+  Casting       | Gietstuk         | Moulage        | Guss Stück          | Getto
+  Centre of     | Zwaartepunt      | Centre de      | Schwerpunkt         | Centro di
+   Gravity      |                  |  Gravité       |                     |  gravità
+  Chain driven  | Door ketting     | Transmission   | Ketten antrieb      | Trasmissione a
+                |  gedreven        |  par chaine    |                     |  catena
+  Chassis       | Gestel           | Chassis        | Motor Rahmen        | Chassis
+  Circumference | Omtrek           | Circonférance  | Umfang              | Cuconferenza
+  Clutch        | Haak             | Embrayage      | Kupplung            | Innesto
+  Connection    | Schakeling       | Couplage       | Kupplung            | Connessione
+  Control       | Stuurinrichting  | Direction      | Lenk                | Meccanismo di
+                |                  |                |  Ubersetsung        |  direzione
+  Coupled       | Gekoppeld        | Jumelé         | Paarweise           | Accoppiato
+  Crank shaft   | Krukas           | Arbre à        | Kurbelwelle         | Albero delle
+                |                  |  manivelle     |                     |  manovelle
+  Cylinder      | Cÿlinder         | Cylindre       | Zylinder            | Cilindro
+  Die cast      | Ondermetaallager | Coussinets     | Schalenguss         | Cuscinette fusi
+   Bearings     |                  |  moutés        |  Lager              |  in conchiglia
+                |                  |  encogiulles   |                     |
+  ~DIRIGIBLE~   | Motorballon      | Dirigeable:    | Motorluftschiff     | Dirigibile
+                |                  |  Aéronat       |                     |
+  Diameter      | Middellÿn        | Diamètre       | Durchmesser         | Diametro
+  Direct driven | Direct           | Prise directe  | Direkter            | Presa diretta
+                |  gekoppeld       |                |  Antrieb            |
+  Electric      | Electrische      | Soudure        | Elektrisches        | Soldatura
+   welding      |  Lassching       |  électrique    |  Schweissen         |  elettrica
+  Elevator      | Hoogtestuur      | Gouvernail de  | Hohensteuer         | Timone
+   (horizontal  |                  |  profondeur    |                     |  orizzontale
+    rudder)     |                  |                |                     |
+  Engine        | Motor            | Moteur         | Motor               | Motore
+  Fan           | Ventilator       | Ventilateur    | Ventilator          | Ventilatore
+  Fittings      | Fittings         | Garniture      | Garnitur            | Armamento
+  Flight        | Vlucht           | Vol            | Flug                | Volo
+  Flown         | Gevlogen         | Volé           | Geflogen            | Volato
+  Fore          | Voor             | Avant          | Vorderer            | Ouvanti
+  Forward       | Van Voren        | En avant       | Vor                 | Davanti
+   (in front)   |                  |                |                     |
+  Frame         | Romp             | Fuselage       | Rahm                | Telais
+  Framework     | Geraamte         | Fuselage       | Gerüste             | Intelaiatura
+  Gas bag       | Gaszak           | Enveloppe      | Luftballon (Hülle)  | Involucro
+  Geared to     | Vertand          | Multiplié à    | Uebersetst auf      | Moltiplicato a
+  Gear driven   | Met tandrad-     |                | durch Zahnrädern    | Trasmissione
+                |  overbrenging    |                |  getrieben          |  a ingranaggi
+  Girder        | Balk             | Poutre         | Balken              | Longarin
+  Glider        | Glÿdvlieger      | Planeur        | Gleitflieger        | Apparecehio a
+                |                  |                |                     |  planare
+  Gondola       | Gondel           | Nacelle        | Gondel              | Navicella
+  Helices       | Schroeven        | Helices        | Schranben           | Eliché
+  Helicopter    | Schroefvlieger   | Helicoptère    | Schraubenflieger    | Elicoplano
+                |                  |                |                     |   Elicottero
+  Horizontal    | Horizontaalvlak  | Plan horizontal| Horizontal fläche   | Piano
+   plane (in a) | (in een)         |                |                     |  orizzontale
+  Horse power   | Paardekracht     | Puissance en   | Pferdekraft         | Forza cavalli
+                |                  |  chevaux       |                     |
+  Hydrogen      | Waterstof        | Hydrogène      | Wasserstoff         | Idrogens
+  Ignition      | Ontsteking       | Allumage       | Zündung             | Accensione
+  Inch          | Duim             | 25.39 m/m.     | 25.39 m/m.          | Pollice =
+                |                  |                |                     |   25.39 m/m.
+  Inclination   | Helling          | Inclination    | Schrägstellung      | Inclinazione
+  Keel          | Kiel             | Carène         | Kiel                | Chiglia
+  K.P.M.        | K.P.U. (kilom.   | Kilometres par | Kilometre pro       | Chilometre
+   (kilometres  |  per uur)        |  heure         |  Stunde             |  all'ora
+    per hour)   |                  |                |                     |
+  Kite          | Vlieger          | Cerf volant    | Drachen             | Aquilone
+  Length        | Lengte           | Longueur       | Länge               | Lunghezza
+  Lining metal  | Lagermetaal      | Métal pour     | Lagermetall         | Metallo per
+                |                  |  garnir less   |                     |  bronzine dei
+                |                  |  coussinets ou |                     |  cuscinetti
+                |                  |  régule        |                     |
+  Lower (planes)| Onder (vlakken)  | Inferieur      | Untere Flächen      | Piani inferiori
+                |                  |  (plans)       |                     |
+  Magneto       | Magneet          | Magneto        | Magnet              | Magneto
+  ~Maximum~     | Maximum          | Maximum        | Maximum             | Massimo
+  Middle (plane)| Midden (vlak)    | (Plan)au       | Mittel Deck         | Piano medio
+                |                  |  milieu        |                     |
+  Mile          | Mÿl              | Mile           | Meile               | Miglio
+  Military      | Militair         | Militaire      | Militärische        | Militare
+  Miscellaneous | Verschillend     | General        | Verschiedenes       | Diversi
+                |  (allerlei)      |                |                     |
+  ~Monoplane~   | Eendekker        | Monoplan       | Ein decker          | Monoplano
+  ~Motor~       | Motor            | Moteur         | Motor               | Motore
+  M.P.H.        | M.P.U.           | Vitesse        | M.P.S.              | Miglia all'ora
+   (miles per   |  (mÿl per uur)   |                |                     |
+    hour)       |                  |                |                     |
+  Multiplane    | Veeldekker       | Multiplan      | Vieldecker          | Multiplano
+  Nacelle       | Schuitje         | Nacelle        | Gondel              | Navicella
+  ~Non-rigid~   | Slap             | Souple         | Unstarr             | Non-rigido--
+                |                  |                |                     |  flessibile
+  Petrol        | Benzine          | Essence        | Benzin              | Benzina
+    gasoline)   |                  |                |                     |
+  Pilot (driver)| Bestuurder       | Flyer: Aviateur| Führer              | Aviatore
+  Pivot         | Tap              | Pivot          | Gewinde Zapfen      | Perno
+  Planes        | Vlakken          | Plans          | Flächen             | Piani
+  Plug          | Kaars, stop      | Bougie         | Zünd Kerze          | Candela
+  Pound (lb.)   | Eng pond =       | 0.453 kg.      | 0.453 kg.           | Libbra =
+                |  0,453 K.G.      |                |                     |  0.453 kg.
+  Pressure      | Druk             | Pression       | Druck               | Pressione
+  Propeller     | Schroef          | Helice         | Schraube            | Eliche
+  Quadruplane   | Vierdekker       | Quadruplan     | Vier decker         | Qudruplani
+  Quintuplane   | Vÿfdekker        | Quintuplan     | Fünf decker         | Quintuplani
+  Radiator      | Koeler           | Radiateur      | Kühler              | Radiatore
+  Rear (in)     | Achterkant       | En arrière     | Hinten              | Indictro
+                |  (aan de)        |                |                     |
+  Reduction     | Reductie-        |Engrenage de    | Ubersetzung         | Ingranaggi di
+   gearing      |  overbrenging    |demultiplication|                     |  ridugione
+  R.P.M.        | Omw. per minuut  | Tours          | Umlauf              | Giri al minuto
+   (revolutions |                  |                |                     |
+    per minute) |                  |                |                     |
+  ~Rigid~       | Stÿf             | Rigide         | Starr               | Rigido
+  Rises         | Stÿgt            | S'eléve        | Hebt sich           | Si eleva
+  Rubber        | Gummi            | Caoutchouc     | Gummi               | Gomma
+  Rudder        | Roer, Stuur      | Gouvernail     | Steuer              | Timone
+  Section       | Doorsnede        | Section        | Durchschnitt        | Regione
+  ~Semi-rigid~  | Halfstÿf         | Demi-rigide    | Halb Starr          | Semi-rigido
+  Span          | Spanwÿdte        | Envergure      | Spanweite           | Apertura
+  ~Speed~       | Snelheid         | Vitesse        | Geschwindigkeit     | Velocita
+  Stability     | Evenwicht        | Stabilité      | Gleichgewicht       | Stabilità
+  Stabilising   | Evenwichtsvlakken| Ailerons       | Gleichgwichtsflächen| Piani
+   fins         |                  |                |                     |  stabilizzaton
+  Steel         | Staal            | Acier          | Stahl               | Acciaio
+  ~Steering     | Stuurtoestel     | Direction      | Steuerung           | Meccanismo
+   Gear~        |                  |                |                     |
+                |                  |                |                     |  di direzione
+  Steering Wheel| Stuurwiel        | Volant         | Steuerrad           | Volante di
+                |                  |                |                     |  direzione
+  ~Supporting~  | Draagvlak        | Surface        | Tragfläche          | Superficio
+   ~surface~    |                  |                |                     |  di sostegno
+  Surfaces      | Oppervlakken     | Surfaces       | Flächen             | Superfici
+  Suspension    | Ophanging        | Suspension     | Aufhängung          | Sospensioni
+  Switch        | Omschakelaar     | Interrupteur   | Schalter            | Interruttore
+                |                  |                |                     |
+  Tail          | Staart           | Queu           | Schwanz             | Coda
+  ~Total weight~| Totaal gewicht   | Poids totale   | Gesamtlast          | Peso totale
+  Transmission  | Overbrengingsas  | Arbre de       | Transmissions Welle | Albero di
+   Shaft        |                  |  transmission  |                     |  trasmissione
+  Trial         | Proef            | Essai          | Probe               | Prova
+  ~Triplane~    | Driedekker       | Triplan        | Drei decker         | Triplano
+                |                  |                |                     |
+  Universal     | Kogelgewricht    | Joint          | Kardan              | Guinta
+   Joint        |                  |                |                     |
+                |                  |  universel     |                     |  universale
+  Unladen       | Onbelast, leeg   | à vide         | Leerlaufend         |
+  Upper (planes)| Boven (vlakken)  | Superior       | Ob ere              | Piani Superior
+  ~Useful lift~ | Nuttier last     | Poids utile    | Outlast             | Forza utile di
+                |                  |                |                     |  elevation
+  Valve         | Kelp             | Soup ape       | Lentil              | Valvular
+  Vertical plane| Vertical vlak    | Plan vertical  | (in der)            | Neal piano
+   (in the)     |  (in heat)       |                |  Vertikalfläche     |  verticale
+  Vertical      | Zÿstuur          | Gouvernail     | Seitensteuer        | Timone
+   rudder       |                  |                |                     |
+                |                  |  verticale     |                     |  verticale
+  ~Volume~      | Inhoud           | Volume         | Inhalt              | Volume
+                |                  |                |                     |
+  Water-cooled  | Watergekoeld     | Refroidissement| Wasserkühlung       | Raffreddata
+                |                  |  par eau       |                     |  ad acqua
+  ~Weight~      | Gewicht          | Poids          | Gewicht             | Peso
+  Wheels        | Wielen           | Roues          | Raeder              | Ruote
+  ~Wings~       | Vleugels         | Ailes          | Flügel              | Ali
+  Wood          | Hout             | Bois           | Holz                | Legno
+                |                  |                |                     |
+  Yard (measure)| Yard (maat)=     | 0.914 mètres   | 0.914 meter         | Jarda=0.914 m.
+                |  0,914 M         |                |                     |
+
+
+
+
+Part A.
+
+
+AEROPLANES & DIRIGIBLES.
+
+ARRANGED BY NATIONALITIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.
+
+Note.--Every nation is given in the following fixed order:--
+
+     List of Aerial Societies and Clubs, with addresses and Secretaries
+     where possible. List of Aerial Journals, with addresses, price, and
+     dates of publication.
+
+     List of Flying Grounds for aeroplanes, and hangars for dirigibles
+     (if any).
+
+     List of Military and Naval Machines and aviators.
+
+     List of Private Aviators, total of machines, etc.
+
+     AEROPLANES in alphabetical order, _uniform scale_ plans, and
+     particulars.
+
+     DIRIGIBLES: Military and private _uniform scale_ plans, and
+     particulars.
+
+        Note.--The uniform scale of dirigible plans is a smaller scale
+        than that used for aeroplanes.
+
+
+
+ARGENTINE.
+
+(Revised by J. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian, Dutch R.
+Ae. C.)
+
+
+~Aerial Societies~:--
+
+     Ae.C., Argentino, 561, S. Martin, Buenos Ayres.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals~:--
+
+     Boletin del Ae.C., Argentino (Monthly).
+
+
+~Flying Grounds~:--
+
+     ~Aerodromo Villa Lugano~. (P. Castabert, Director.)
+
+     ~Aerodromo del Palomar~. (Military).
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+At the end of 1912 there were 6 military aeroplanes (3 _Bleriot_, 1
+_Castaibert_, 1 _Nieuport_, and 1 _H Farman_)--all 1912 models.
+
+Marcel Paillette is director of the military flying ground at the
+Palomar Aerodrome.
+
+More machines will be added and by the end of the present year it is
+probable that a very considerable air force will exist.
+
+
+~Private Aviators.~
+
+
+  Bregi, Henri (A.C.F. 26)
+  de Bruyn, A. (3)
+  Castaibert, B. (1)
+  Fels, T. (9)
+  England, Gordon F.C. (British p.)
+  Goffre, C.A. (4)
+  Hentsch, H. (5)
+  Mascias, A.R. (8)
+  Melchior, E. (11)
+  Newbury, G. (6)
+  Origone, M.F. (10)
+  Paillette, Marcel (French p.)
+  Parravicini, F. (7)
+  Roth, J.A. (2)
+  Valleton A. (French p.)
+
+
+PABLO CASTAIBERT. Monoplane.
+
+                  |        ~1911.~           |         ~1912.~         |
+         Type     |  _Bleriot-Hanriot_ type. |     _Bleriot_ type.     |
+  ________________|__________________________|_________________________|
+                  |                          |                         |
+  Length          | 26-1/2 feet    (8.15 m.) | 28 feet       (8.47 m.) |
+  Span            | 29 feet        (8.80 m.) | 30 feet       (9.35 m.) |
+  Area            | 206 sq. ft.  (19-20 m².) | 194 sq. ft.    (18 m².) |
+  Weight  (total) | 705 lbs.      (320 kgs.) | 617 lbs.     (280 kgs.) |
+  Motor    (h.p.) | 25 Anzani                | 50 Gnome                |
+  Speed    (p.h.) | 46-1/2 m.       (75 km.) | 50 m.          (80 km.) |
+
+Note. Both fly well. Description in _Boletin de Ae.C. Argentino_.
+
+
+
+
+AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.
+
+(By our Austrian Editor.)
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:--~
+
+     Cesky Club Automobilistn. Aviatische Sektion. (Prague.)
+
+     Deutscher Luftfahrt-Verein in Boehmen (Teplitz-Schoenau).
+
+     Flugtechnischer Verein für Mähren (Brunn.).
+
+     Flugtechnischer Verein in Schlesien (Troppau).
+
+     Flugtechnischer Verein in Steiermark (Graz, Schmiedgasse 31).
+
+     K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Wienstrasse 31,
+     Vienna).
+
+     Kärtner Automobil Club (Klagenfürt.)
+
+     Klub Awiata (Obertynska Str. 8, Lemburg, Galicia).
+
+     Magyar Automobil Club (Budapest).
+
+     Magyar Athletikai Club (Abt. fur Aviatik) Budapest.
+
+     Oberösterreichischer Verein f.L. in Linz (Landstr. 119, Linz).
+
+     Oesterreichischer Aero Club (St. Annahoff, Vienna) (_formerly
+     Wiener Aero Club_).
+
+     Oesterreichischer Flugsport Club (Breitegasse 7, Vienna VII).
+
+     K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Weinstrasse 31,
+     Vienna).
+
+     Oesterreichischer Luftflotten-Verein (Vienna).
+
+     Oesterreichischer Wintersportklub (Vienna). _Glider club._
+
+     Verein für L. in Tirol (Innsbruck).
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:--~
+
+     _Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung._ (Fleischmarkt 5, Vienna) weekly.
+
+     _Allgemeine Sport Zeitung._ (St. Annhoff, Vienna) weekly.
+
+     _H.P. Fachzeitung für Automobilismus und Flugtechnik._ (Vienna)
+     weekly.
+
+     _Oesterreichische Flugzeitschrift._ (Aspernplatz, Wien I)
+     fortnightly.
+
+     _Wiener Luftschiffer-Zeitung._ (St. Annahof, Vienna) fortnightly.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:--~
+
+_Military._
+
+     ~Fischamend~ (Principal Army).
+
+     ~Goerz.~
+
+     ~Zaule b. Triest.~
+
+_Naval._
+
+     ~Pola.~
+
+_Private._
+
+     ~Aspern bei Wien~, Vienna.
+
+     ~Rakos bei Budapest.~
+
+     ~Wiener Neustadt.~
+
+
+
+
+AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AEROPLANES.
+
+
+~Military Aviation: General.~
+
+In June, 1912, a central aeronautical committee was created, under the
+presidency of Prince Fürstenberg, to deal with the creation of a
+national aerial fleet. One of the objects is the perfection of the
+Austrian machines and factories.
+
+About the same date, Pola was selected as a naval aviation school, and
+two _Paulhan-Curtiss_ hydro-avions purchased.
+
+In August the record making _Lohner_ was purchased for the Army.
+
+During September Captain Odolek tested before the military authorities a
+parachute of his invention; and a number were ordered.
+
+In October very strict regulations were issued as to aircraft flying
+over prohibited areas, a rule that any offenders would be shot at was
+subsequently modified.
+
+In November a _Donnet-Lerêque_ was purchased for the Navy and another
+ordered at the Whitehead Works, Fiume.
+
+
+~Army Section.~
+
+At the end of 1911 the Army possessed 4 monoplanes and one biplane (a
+_Lohner_), now available for school work.
+
+During 1912 there were acquired:--
+
+~20 monoplanes.~--1 _Bleriot_, 2 _Nieuport_, 15 _Etrich-Taube_, 1
+_Etrich_ limousine, 1 _Deperdussin_.
+
+~6 biplanes.~--4 _Lohner-Daimler_, 1 _Mars_, 1 _Klobucar_, (of the above
+the 2 _Nieuports_, 1 _Etrich_ limousine and the 4 _Lohners_ were the
+only ones built in Austria).
+
+
+~Naval Section.~
+
+~4 hydro-avions~ were acquired during 1912; 2 _Donnet-Levêque_ and 2
+_Paulhan-Curtiss_.
+
+
+~Military Pilots.~
+
+  Banfield, Ob. Leut.
+  Blaschke, v. Ob. Leut.
+  Eyb, Ob. Leut.
+  Flassig, Leut.
+  Holeka, Ob. Leut.
+  Kenese, Ob. Leut.
+  Klobucar, Ob. Leut.
+  Miller, Ob. Leut. (5)
+  Oelwein, Ob. Leut.
+  Perini, Leut.
+  Petroczy, Haupt. von.
+  Riedlinger, Ob. Leut. von.
+  Schindler, Leut.
+  Schünzel, Leut.
+  Stohanzl, Ob. Leut. K (14)
+  Umlauff, Major von. (10)
+  Uzelac, Ob. Leut.
+  Venczel, Leut.
+  Welhelm, Ob. Leut. von
+
+The military centre is at Goerz, the naval one at Pola.
+
+Flying officers receive each a grant of 1,600 crowns; also 15 crowns a
+month for upkeep. Special certificate brings 2,000 crowns extra grant.
+
+
+~Private Aviators.~
+
+ * = Superior brevet.
+ + = Killed.
+
+  Auer, J. (6)
+  Baar, R.
+  Baboncse, K.
+  Banfield, K.
+  Bauer, Dr. V.R. von.
+  Bernat, M.
+ *Brier, H. (18)
+  Blaschke von. Z.R.
+  Booms, W. (9)
+  Bratmann, J.
+  Buchstätter, A.
+  Cejnek, J.
+  Cihak, E.
+  Ciszek, J.
+  Czermak, J.
+  Dworak, W.
+ *Economo, C.F. von. (7)
+  Fiedler, P. (19)
+ *Flesch, J. (11)
+  Friedmann, W.
+  Haner, E.
+  Hesse, M.
+  Heyrowski, A.
+  Hieronimus, O.
+  Hinter, K.
+  Hold, Hermann
+  Huss, H.
+ *Illner, K.
+  Javor, J.
+  Kaiserfeld, R. von.
+  Kasulakow, W.
+  Keck, Z.
+  Kenese, W.
+  Király, K.
+  Klobucar, V.
+  Knirsch, A.
+  Kolowrat, A. Graf. (15)
+  Kreiner, E.
+  Lagler, B.V.
+  Latzel, J.
+  Lettis, A.
+  Libowitzky, A.
+  Mandl.
+  Mazuranic, B.
+ +Mosen.
+  Nemec, H.E. von.
+  Nittner, E.
+  Ockermüller, H.
+ +Petrovics, A. von. (13)
+  Pischof. A.R. von. (2)
+  Rabis, M.
+  Reisner, H.
+  Riedlinger, E. v. Kastrenberg.
+  Rosenthal, F.
+ +Russjan.
+  Sablatnig, J. (12)
+  Schartner, H.
+  Schindler, A.
+  Schonowsky, B.
+  Schönpflug, F.
+  Seidl, Franz.
+  Simon, R. (4)
+  Stanger, R.
+  Steiner-Göltl, E. v. A.
+  Stiploschek, M.
+ *Székely, M.
+  Tauszig, A.
+  Teufl von. Ferland, R.
+  Umlauff von F.
+  Vlaicu, A.
+ *Warchalowski, A. (1)
+  Warchalowski, K. (8)
+  Weiner, T.
+  Widmer, J.
+ +Wiesenbach, V.
+  Woseçek, W.
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the total number of private aeroplanes in the
+country was about twenty.
+
+
+ETRICH Monoplanes. Etrich Flieger Werke, Wiener Neustadt. Igo Etrich was
+a very early experimenter in conjunction with Wels. In 1909 he produced
+on his own account the first _Etrich_ monoplane, a characteristic
+machine, which except for detail improvement, varying dimensions, etc.,
+has not been appreciably altered since. (See Historical Section.)
+
+[Illustration: _Photo, C. Maleuit._]
+
+  -----------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+
+                               |               | ~VIII 1911-12.~ |    ~1912-13.~       |
+       Model and date.         |  ~VII 1911.~  |    2-seater     | Limousine 2-seater. |
+  -----------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+
+  ~Length~           feet (m.) | 37    (11.30) | 30-3/4   (9.30) | 26-1/4          (8) |
+  ~Span~             feet (m.) | 48    (14.60) | 42      (12.80) | 31-1/4       (9.50) |
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².) | 380      (35) | 323        (30) | 280            (26) |
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|    ...        |      ...        |         ...         |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |               |                 |                     |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|    ...        |      ...        |         ...         |
+  ~Motor~                 h.p. | 120 Daimler   |      100        |      60 Daimler     |
+  ~Speed~         m.p.h. (km.) |    ...        |      ...        |         ...         |
+  Number built during 1912     |     5         |       2         |          2          |
+  -----------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+
+
+
+Remarks.--A number of _VII_ & _VIII_ have been sold for military
+purposes to the Austrian, Russian, German, and other governments.
+
+[Illustration: Etrich VIII. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Etrich. Limousine. _Photo, Guld._]
+
+
+LOHNER-DAIMLER. This firm is now amalgamated with Etrich.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+--------------------
+                                    |                  |     ~1912-13.~
+                                    |     ~1911.~      |  Lohner Daimler
+                                    |                  |  Pfeilflieger.
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                feet (m.) |       ...        |  32       (9.70)
+  ~Span~                  feet (m.) |       ...        |  44-1/4   (13.50)
+  ~Area~             sq. feet (m².) |       ...        |  450      (42)
+               {total   lbs. (kgs.) |       ...        |  926      (420)
+  ~Weight~     {                    |                  |
+               {useful   lbs.(kgs.) |       ...        |        ...
+  ~Motor~                      h.p. | 60 Aust. Daimler |  125 Aust. Daimler
+  ~Speed~              m.p.h. (km.) | 50         (80)  |  62        (100)
+  Number built during 1912          |        ?         |         4
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+--------------------
+
+Remarks.--Staggered and ~V~ shape. Late in 1911 one was purchased for
+the Austrian Army. In 1912 made a world's altitude. Passenger record,
+4,530 metres (14,862 feet.)
+
+
+MERCEP Monoplanes. Mihalis Mercep, Aeroplanwerkstatte, Agram, Hungary.
+Russjan was connected with this firm, which built 2 biplanes to his
+designs in 1909. Russjan was killed in the second of these. In 1911, a
+_Mercep_ was built.
+
+  ----------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------
+                                          |     ~1911.~     |    ~1912-13.~
+  ----------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------
+  ~Length~                      feet (m.) | 29-1/2  (9)     |   23      (7)
+  ~Span~                        feet (m.) | 34-1/3  (10.50) |   32-1/2  (10)
+  ~Area~                    sq. feet (m²) |       ...       |   204     (19)
+               {machine, etc. lbs. (kgs.) |       ...       |   617     (280)
+  ~Weight~     {                          |                 |
+               {useful        lbs. (kgs.) |       ...       |   661     (300)
+  ~Motor~                           h.p.  |       ...       |     50 Gnome
+  Number built                            |        1        |         1
+  ----------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------
+
+[Illustration: Mercep. 1912-13.]
+
+
+WARCHALOWSKI, Biplane. Karl Warchalowski, Autoplan Werke, Odoakergasse
+35, Vienna XVI.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A machine generally on _M. Farman_ lines, but with different shaped
+ailerons and corners of the leading edge rounded.
+
+
+WHITEHEAD. Whitehead & Co., Fiume, Austria. The Whitehead Torpedo Co.
+has laid down plant for the production of hydro-aeroplanes.
+
+
+ZIEGLER Monoplane. Flugzengwerke Johann Ziegler, Vienna.
+
+  --------------------------------+-----------------
+                                  |    ~1912-13.~
+  --------------------------------+-----------------
+  ~Length~              feet (m.) |   59      (18)
+  ~Span~                feet (m.) |   42-3/4  (13)
+  ~Area~           sq. feet (m².) |   586     (55)
+                       {    total |   1656    (750)
+  ~Weight~             {          |
+                       {   useful |       ...
+  ~Motor~                    h.p. |   100 Mercedes
+  ~Speed~           m.p.h. (k.m.) |   50      (80)
+  Number built during 1912        |        2
+  --------------------------------+-----------------
+
+
+
+
+AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+~Military.~
+
+  -------+------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------+-----------------+-------------
+  Date   |            |                   |       | Capacity |       |     Speed.      |
+   of    |   Name.    |   Make.           | Type. |  in m³.  | H.P.  | m.p.h. (k.p.h.) |    Remarks.
+  order. |            |                   |       |          |       |                 |
+  -------+------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------+-----------------+-------------
+         |            |                   |       |          |       |                 |
+  1909   |   ~M 1~    | Parseval P.L. 4   | n.r.  |   2300   |  70   | 27      (45)    |
+  1909   |   ~M 2~    | Lebaudy-Juillot 6 | s.r.  |   4800   | 100   | 23      (37)    | Wrecked 1911
+         |            |                   |       |          |       |                 | but repaired
+  1910   |   ~M 3~    | Körting (K.W. 1)  | n.r.  |   3600   | 150   | 30-1/2  (49)    |
+  1912   |   ~M 4~    | Zeppelin          |       | 22,000   | 450   | 47      (75)    | _Building._
+  -------+------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------+-----------------+-------------
+
+
+Military Dirigible Pilots.
+
+  Cajanek, V.
+  Grebenz, K.
+  Hauswirth, J.
+  Heller, S.
+  Hofstätter, E.
+  Macher, M.
+  Tauber, F.
+  Tepser, G.E. von.
+  Weiss, H.
+
+
+~Private.~
+
+  ------------------+-------------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+------------------+----------
+      Date of       |                         |             |       | Capacity |      |      Speed.      |
+   commencement.    |          Name.          |   Make.     | Type. |  in m³.  | H.P. |  m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks.
+  ------------------+-------------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+------------------+----------
+      1910          |   ~MANNSBARTH-STAGL~    | Mann-Sl.    |  n.r. |   8200   | 300  |   40      (65)   |
+      1912          |   ~BOEMCHER II~         | Boemcher II |       |   2750   |      |   25      (40)   |
+  ------------------+-------------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+------------------+----------
+
+Two _Renners_ and a _Boemcher I_ have ceased to exist.
+
+
+Private Dirigible Pilots.
+
+  Adrario, K.
+  Baumann, F.
+  Becker, T.
+  Berlepsch, F.F. von.
+  Cassinone, A.
+  Fürst, A.
+  Hoffory, W.
+  Hinterstoisser, F.
+  Kaiser, K.
+  Mannsbarth, F.
+  Nowy, V.
+  Richter, von. B.
+  Stagel, H.
+  Stratmann, W.
+  Wagner, E. von. F.
+  Zborowski, J.
+
+
+BOEMCHER II. (1912-13.) Non-rigid.
+
+  +------------------+
+  |                  |
+  |   _Building._    |
+  |                  |
+  +------------------+
+
+~Length~, ? feet ( ? m.) ~diameter~, ? feet ( ? m.) ~volume~, 77,000 c.
+feet (2,750 m³.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--
+
+~Motor.~--
+
+~Speed.~--25 m.p.h. (40 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propeller.~--
+
+
+LEBAUDY-JUILLOT 6=Military M II. (1910.) Semi-rigid.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length,~ 229-3/4 feet (70 m.) ~diameter,~ 36 feet (11 m.) ~volume,~
+170,000 c. feet (4,800 m³.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Austro-American Rubber Co.
+
+~Motor.~--100 h.p. Mercedes.
+
+~Speed.~--27 m.p.h. (45 km.)
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 2-bladed.
+
+Remarks.--Built by the Austrian Daimler works to _Lebaudy-J._ designs.
+Sister to the Russian _Lebed_.
+
+
+KÖRTING-WIMPASSING (K-WI). Non-rigid=Military. M III. (1911.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 213-1/4 feet (65 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 34-1/2 feet
+(10.50 m.) ~volume,~ 127,150 c. feet (3,600 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~-- lbs. ( kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ lbs. ( kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--2 ballonets of 15,900 c. feet (450 m³.)
+
+~Motors.~--2 Körting, of 75 h.p. each (= 150 h.p.)
+
+~Speed.~--30-1/2 m.p.h. (49 km.) Made on trials March, 1911.
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 4-bladed. Diameter, 9-3/4 feet (3 m.)
+
+~Steering.~--_Parseval_ style. This ship is generally an adaptation of
+the _Parseval_ type. Accommodates 8 people. Completed 1911. Military
+airship.
+
+Remarks.--
+
+[Illustration: UDS.]
+
+
+MANNSBARTH. Non-rigid (1911). _(Alias ~STAGL MANNSBARTH.~)_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ ? feet ( ? m.) ~maximum diameter,~ ? feet ( ? m.)
+~volume,~ 289,600 c. feet (8,200 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~-- ? lbs. ( ? kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Divided into 4 compartments. Ballonet in each.
+
+~Motors.~--2 of 150 h.p. each (= 300 h.p.)
+
+~Speed.~--40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--3. Diameter, 13 feet (4 m.) Also 1 helice.
+
+~Steering.~--Helice used as elevator. Rudder aft. Forward and after
+ballonets also used as elevators, _Parseval_ style. Completed 1911.
+
+Remarks.--Built for Government, but not taken over.
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 4. Non-rigid. = MILITARY M I. (1909.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 164 feet (50 m.) ~approx. diameter,~ 28-1/4 feet (8.60
+m.) ~volume,~ ? c. feet (2,300 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--5,730 lbs. (2,600 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Rubbered fabric by Austrian American Rubber Co.
+
+~Motor.~--70-100 h.p. Mercedes Daimler. 1,200 r.p.m. at 70 h.p.
+
+~Speed.~--27 m.p.h. (45 km.) made on trials.
+
+~Propellers.~--_Parseval_ type, semi-rigid, chain driven, 3-bladed.
+Diameter, 11-1/2 feet (3.50 m.)
+
+~Steering.~--_Parseval_ system.
+
+Remarks.--Built by the Austrian Motorluftschiff Gesellschaft to the
+_Parseval_ type C design (see Germany). Taken over by the
+Austro-Hungarian Army, December, 1909. Has flown 6-1/2 hours. Has risen
+to 1,150 metres and subsequently flown 1-1/2 hours. Carries 4 persons,
+_about_ 400 lbs. (180 kgs.) ballast, and fuel for 12 hours. _Station_:
+Fischamend.
+
+
+
+
+
+BELGIAN.
+
+(Revised by M. BRACKE, Aeronautical Engineer & Editor of "L'Aero
+Mécanique.")
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Aero Club Belgique.
+
+     Aero Club of Hainault.
+
+     La Ligue Nationale Belgique.
+
+     Delta Club (Kites).
+
+     Ae. C. de Flanders.
+
+     Ae. C. du Littoral.
+
+     Ae. C. de Liege-Spa.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _La Conquête de l'Air._ (214 Rue Royale, Brussels) bimonthly, 5
+     francs p.a.
+
+     _L'Aero Mécanique_ (Brussels edition). Chemin de St. Denis,
+     Casteau, Mons., Belgium, 2.50 f.
+
+     _L'Aviation Industrielle et Commerciale_ (monthly), Chemin de St.
+     Denis, Casteau, Mons., 1.50 f.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     Berchem.
+
+     Brasschaet (Military).
+
+     Camp de Casteau. (Aviation Industrielle & Commerciale).
+
+     Etterbeek, near Brussels.
+
+     Kiewit.
+
+     St. Job (private property Baron de Caters.).
+
+
+
+
+BELGIAN AEROPLANES.
+
+
+~Military Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of 1912 the military air force consisted of three 50 h.p.
+Gnome _H. Farman_ 1911 military, used for instructional purposes, and
+twenty-four 70 h.p. Gnome _H. Farmans_ (model 1912 military), for war
+work:
+
+The military school is at Brasschaet, near Antwerp. Major Campion in
+command.
+
+The course is as follows:
+
+1. _Theoretical course._--Lectures on meteorology, structure of
+aeroplanes, aviation motors, etc.
+
+2. _Practical._--This, in addition to flight, consists of dismounting
+and replacing parts of aeroplanes and aerial motors, all general
+repairs, erecting hangars and aerial photography.
+
+The school possesses nine hangars, of which three are Bessonneau type,
+three wooden, and three metal.
+
+For 1913 the sum of £20,000 is to be expended for purchase of aeroplanes
+and the establishment of aerial squadrons at Antwerp, Liege, and
+Brasschaet.
+
+These are organised into six squadrons of four units each. The full
+complement of each squadron is eight aviators, fifteen to 20 mechanics,
+etc., and six citizen soldiers.
+
+The question of hydro-avions for the Congo is under consideration.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C.
+Belgique pilot certificate number.)
+
+
+Military.
+
+  Broune, Lieut. (37)
+  Cozic, R. (23)
+  Dhanis, Lieut. (35)
+  Heinter Poorten (47)
+  Lebon, Lieut. (36)
+  Moulin, E. (45)
+  Movtens, Lieut. (19)
+  Nelis, Lieut, (in command) (28)
+  Robert, V. (47)
+  Sarteel, Lieut. (26)
+  Sournoy, J. (46)
+  Tocy, Lieut.
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Allard, E. (4)
+  Armand, C. (22)
+  Baugniet, Edmond (18)
+  Boel
+  Bracke, A.
+  Camille, Amand (22)
+  Christiaens, Joseph (7)
+  Crombez (25)
+  De Caters, Baron (1)
+  De Heel, Emile (24)
+  D'Hespel, Comte Joseph (15)
+  De la Hault, Adhemar
+  De Laet, E. (31)
+  De Laminne, Chev (9)
+  De Jonckeer (44)
+  Depireux, Isidore (20)
+  De Petrovsky, Alexandre (11)
+  De Ridder, Alphonse (13)
+  De Roy, W. (41)
+  Descommines
+  Deudeuner, A. (43)
+  Dolphyn (40)
+  Doneryos, J. (33)
+  Duray, A. (3)
+  Dutrieu, Mdlle. H. (27)
+  Fischer, Jules (12)
+  Frenay, Fernand (21)
+  Hanciau, P. (34)
+  Hanouilleo, P. (42)
+  Hasen
+  Lamblotte, F. (29)
+  Lanser, Alfred (16)
+  Lescart, F. (30)
+  Mestagh, G. (39)
+  Michez, S.R. (32)
+  Olieslagers, Jan (5)
+  Olieslagers, Max
+  Orta, José
+  Peeters
+  Pickard
+  Stellingwerff, J. (49)
+  Tyck, Jules (8)
+  Van den Born, Chas. (6)
+  Verschaeve, Fernand (17)
+  Verstraeten, Léon (14)
+
+The following Belgian aviators have been killed:--
+
+  +---------------------+
+  | Kinet, Daniel (2)   |
+  | Kinet, Nicolas (10) |
+  | Verrept, John (38)  |
+  +---------------------+
+
+
+BEHUEGHE (Bron), in Herseun. Built in 1912. A monoplane that flew very
+well at camp of Casteau Aerodrome during May--October. ~Motor.~--25.
+h.p. type Morane. New designs in wing construction, landing chassis,
+etc.
+
+
+A. BRACKE (formerly Bracke, Missyon & Co.), Casteau, Mons. In 1910,
+constructed the first aeroplane built by a Belgium firm--a monoplane
+with planes at 120. This machine has not been duplicated: but the firm
+have since built machines to private specifications. The only firm which
+has in Belgium the speciality of aeronautical patents.
+
+
+DE BROUCKERE, 23 rue Joardens, Brussels. Biplane. H. Farman. type. Built
+in 1911, modified in 1912.
+
+
+DE LA HAULT Adhémar de la Hault, 214 rue Royale, Brussels. In 1906,
+built a flapper of novel design. This was followed in 1910, by a machine
+on monoplane lines with one fixed plane and two flapping wings. This
+failed to fly, and in August, 1911, was altered into a biplane. It did
+not succeed, however. M. Hault is still pursuing the ornithopter
+question.
+
+
+HAREL I. Biplane. ~Length.~--49-1/4 feet (15 m.) ~Surface.~--344-1/2 sq.
+feet (32 m².) ~Weight.~--771 lbs. (350 kgs.), flying order. Warping
+wings. Monoplane tail. ~Motor.~--50 h.p. Gnome, mounted just under and
+forward of the upper wing. ~Tractor.~--1 Chauviere. Elevator placed 1 in
+front and 1 in rear, _H. Farman_ style. Rudders, 2 in rear. Completed
+May, 1911. For further details see _Conquete de l'Air_, July 1st, 1911.
+Property of M. Van der Stegen.
+
+
+WILLIAMS. Biplane. ~Motor.~--70 h.p. E.N.V. Generally of headless
+_Voisin_ type on a _Farman_ body. Completed 1911. Has flown fairly
+well.
+
+
+
+
+BELGIAN DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+Military.
+
+~1910.~
+
+1. LA BELGIQUE II~ (late ~I~)_ 4,000 m³.
+
+~1911.~
+
+2. LA BELGIQUE III
+
+Note.--_La Belgique I_ was built in 1909 and re-built 1910.
+
+
+Private.
+
+VILLE DE BRUXELLES 6,000 m³.
+
+
+LA BELGIQUE II. (No. 1 rebuilt.) Military.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length,~ 226 feet (64.8 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 35 feet (10.75 m.)
+~capacity,~ 141,300 cubic feet (4,000 m³.) ~total lift,~ 9,921 lbs.
+(4,500 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bag.~--Rubber proofed Continental fabric. Ballonet, filled by a
+separate motor giving 7.5 inches of water pressure. Warm air can be
+pumped in if required. Ballonet, 28,250 c. feet (800 m³.)
+
+~Motors.~--2, each of 60 h.p., Vivinus, 4-cylinder, 112×130.
+
+~Propellers.~--1 in front of the car. 285 revolutions per minute. Wood
+construction.
+
+~Speed.~--25 miles per hour. 40 km. per hour.
+
+~Planes.~--Horizontal: a gas tube bent horizontally round the tail.
+Vertical: vertical fins on the tail, and a long vertical keel under the
+gas bag.
+
+~Car.~--A girder, square in section, tapered at both ends. Built of
+tubular steel. Length, 82 feet (25 m.)
+
+~Miscellaneous.~--Built by L. Godard, France, 1909. Crew, 3 men.
+Accommodation for 1 passenger. Fuel for 10 hours. Greatest height
+attainable, 3,280 feet (1,000 m.)
+
+~Table of weights.~--
+  Gas bag, complete with ballonet, valves, planes,   lbs.        kgs.
+  suspension, etc                                    1,951       885
+  Propellers (2)                                       275-1/2   125
+  Blower                                                33        15
+  3 h.p. motor for blower                               33        15
+  Motors (2) complete with gearing and shafting      1,410       640
+  Car                                                  992       450
+  Fuel for 10 hours                                    738-1/2   335
+  Ballast                                              826-3/4   375
+  1 passenger (or ballast)                             154        70
+  Crew (3)                                             463       210
+  Guide ropes, etc                                     220       100
+  Miscellaneous                                         88        40
+                                                     -----     -----
+                                             _About_ 7,165     3,250
+
+Remarks.--Reconstructed in the winter of 1909. There are two noteworthy
+innovations in connection with the ballonet. (1) The ballonet can be
+warmed by the motor. (2) In case of real emergency air can be pumped
+direct into the gas bag. Experiments of the utmost importance to all
+airships are in progress with a view to ridding the gas of this air
+cheaply and quickly.
+
+
+LA BELGIQUE III. Military.
+
+Presented 1910 to the Belgian Government by H.M. the King of the
+Belgians. 4,500 m³. Practically same as II, but has 3 propellers.
+~Motors.~--Two 100 h.p. Germain.
+
+
+VILLE DE BRUXELLES.
+
+(Formerly known as LA FLANDRE.)
+
+(Astra type.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 256 feet (78 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 41 feet (12.4 m.)
+~volume,~ 212,000 c. feet (6,000 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ lbs. ( kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Continental rubbered fabric, yellow. Ballonet, 16,146 c.
+feet (1,500 m³.)
+
+~Motors.~--2 Pipe motors of 100 h.p. each, placed in line with each
+other in the fore and aft line, and with clutches and the necessary
+gearing in between them.
+
+~Speed.~--35 m.p.h.
+
+~Propellers.~--3, namely: one at the fore end, driven by the two motors
+when coupled together, and two placed above and on either side of the
+centre of the car, for use when only one motor is running. Chauvière
+propellers.
+
+~Steering.~--Vertical steering by means of a large double aeroplane
+fixed above the car, about a third from the front. Horizontal steering
+by means of a double vertical rudder above the rear end of the car.
+Stability is secured by the usual Astra pear shaped stabilising gas
+bags, with fins of rubbered cloth spread between the inner edges of
+these shapes.
+
+Remarks.--The distinctive feature of this ship is the arrangement of the
+propellers. Both motors can be coupled either on to the front propeller
+or on to the two rear propellers, or on to all three together, but they
+are actually intended only to drive the front one. On stopping either
+motor the other is connected to the two rear propellers, which are
+designed for a slower speed of translation than the front one, with the
+result that the running motor does not find itself overloaded as it
+would if the same propeller had to serve both for one and for two
+motors.
+
+
+
+
+
+BRAZILIAN.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+Garos, Queiroz, Robert, Henri, Santos-Dumont, Versepuiz.
+
+
+There are possibly one to two aeroplanes in Brazil, but the well-known
+aviators live in France. Little or nothing seems doing in Brazil as
+yet.
+
+
+
+
+BRITISH.
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Royal Aero Club.
+
+     Aerial League.
+
+     Aeronautical Society. (Premier Society, founded 1866.)
+
+     Brooklands Aero Club.
+
+There were once a great many local aero clubs, but the majority of these
+have ceased to exist and with one or two possible exceptions all the
+rest are moribund.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals, etc.:~--
+
+     _Aeronautical Journal._ Quarterly. 53, Victoria St., London, S.W.
+
+     _Aeronautics._ 3d. monthly. 27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
+
+     _The Aero._ 6d. monthly. 20, Tudor St., London, E.C.
+
+     _Flight._ 3d. every Saturday. 44, St. Martins Lane, London, W.C.
+     (Official organ of the R. Ae. C.)
+
+     _The Aeroplane._ 1d. weekly, 166, Piccadilly, London.
+
+     _All the World's Aircraft._ 21/-. Annual. 100, Southwark Street,
+     London, S.E. and 5, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.
+
+In addition, the _Car Illustrated_ and the _Motor_ devote considerable
+space to aerial matters.
+
+
+~Principal Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     ~Aldershot.~--Army school.
+
+     ~Brighton,~ Shoreham Aerodrome. Aero school.
+
+     ~Brooklands.~--Bristol school.
+
+     ~Camber Sands,~ Rye, Sussex.--At low tide moderately hard sand and
+     soft places. Area two miles by one mile.
+
+     ~Dagenham~ (Aeronautical Society).
+
+     ~Dartford Marsh.~--Vickers school.
+
+     ~Dunstall Park,~ Wolverhampton.
+
+     ~Eastbourne.~ Aerodrome School.
+
+     ~Eastchurch,~ Sheppey.--(R. Ae. C.) 350 acres. Sheds. Members only.
+     R. Naval school.
+
+     ~Filey.~--Blackburn school.
+
+     ~Hendon.~--Grahame-White, Blackburn, Bleriot, Deperdussin, Temple
+     and Ewen schools.
+
+     ~Lanark.~--Deperdussin school.
+
+     ~Liverpool~ (Melly school).
+
+     ~Llandudno & North Wales.~--Aerodrome.
+
+     ~Mapplin Sands,~ Essex.--(Foulness). Very hard sand at low tide.
+     Area ten miles by four miles. Property of War Office. Flying
+     forbidden in winter.
+
+     ~Salisbury Plain.~--Bristol school. Vast space available. Plenty of
+     fairly smooth ground. Army school.
+
+     ~Shoreham.~--(See Brighton).
+
+     ~Upavon.~ Central flying school (R. Flying Corps.)
+
+
+~BRITISH MILITARY AVIATION.~
+
+~Royal Flying Corps.~
+
+In 1912 the Royal Flying Corps was instituted. It consists of two wings,
+navy and army, with a central flying school at Upavon, Salisbury Plain.
+
+The staff is as follows:--
+
+  _Commandant_: Paine, Capt. G.M., M.V.O., R.N.
+
+  _Secretary_: Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster J.H., R.N.
+
+  _Medical Officer_: Lithgow, Capt. E.G.R., R.A.M.C.
+
+  _Quarter-Master_: Kirby, Hon. Lieut. (Qr.-Mr.), V.C.
+
+  _Instructor in Theory and Construction_: Cook, Lieut.-Col. H. R., R.A.
+
+  _Instructor in Meteorology_: Dobson, G., Esq.
+
+  _Instructors in Flying_:
+
+     Fulton, Capt. J. D. B., R.A.
+
+     Gerrard, Capt. E. L., R.M.
+
+     Shepherd, Lieut. P. A., R.N.
+
+     Trenchard, Mt. Maj. H. M., D.S.O., R. Sc. Fus.
+
+     Salmond, Capt. J. M., R. Lanc. R.
+
+  _Inspector of Engines:_ Randall, Eng.-Lieut. C. R. J., R.N.
+
+
+~Royal Aircraft Factory.~
+
+This is situated at Farnborough. Mervyn O'Gorman is superintendent.
+There are large sheds. Some _B E_ biplanes have been built here, but the
+principal object of the factory is understood to be repairs and
+maintenance.
+
+
+~Naval Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.~
+
+There is a special Air Department at the Admiralty with Captain M. F.
+Sueter, as Director, Commander O. Schwann and Lieut. C.
+L'Estrange-Malone, as Assistants, Eng. Lieut. G. W. S. Aldwell, as Eng.
+Inspector.
+
+Officers are graded Flying Officers, then Flight Commanders, thence to
+Squadron Commanders.
+
+The flying school is at Eastchurch, Sheppey. Commander Sampson, S.C., in
+command. There are at present four air stations: (1) Isle of Grain, (2)
+Calshot, (3) Harwich, (4) Yarmouth.
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes including
+those on order, school machines, etc., was about 32; of which about 16
+were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.
+
+These machines were as follows:--
+
+  7 monoplanes (= 1 Bleriot, 2 Deperdussin, 1 Etrich, 1 Nieuport, 2 Short).
+
+  15 biplanes (= 1 Avro, 2 Bristol, 1 Breguet, 1 Caudron, 2 H. Farman,
+               1 M. Farman, 5 Short, 2 Sopwith).
+
+  10 hydro-avions (= 1 Astra, 1 Avro, 2 Borel, 1 Donnet-Leveque,
+                   1 H. Farman, 1 M. Farman, 3 Short).
+
+The _personnel_ is as follows (number after names is the R. Ae. C.
+brevet number):--
+
+
+~Squadron Commanders.~
+
+  Gerrard, Capt. F. L., R. M. (76)
+  Gordon, Capt., R. M. (161)
+  Gregory, Lieut. (75)
+  L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
+  Longmore, Lieut.
+  Sampson, Com. C. R. (71)
+  Shepherd, Lieut. P. A. (215)
+
+
+~Flight Commanders.~
+
+  Courtney, Lieut. I. T. (R. M.)
+  Grey, Lieut. Spencer (117)
+  Risk, Capt. C. E., R. M. (303)
+  Seddon, Lieut. J. W. (296)
+
+
+~Flying Officers.~
+
+Those marked * are under instruction, not yet graded.
+
+ *Agar, Lieut. A.W.S.
+  Babington, Lieut. J.T. (408)
+  Bigsworth, Lieut. A.W. (390)
+ *Bobbett, Boatswain H.C. (334)
+  Bowhill, Lieut. F.W. (397)
+ *Brodribb, Lieut. F.G. (481)
+  Courtney, Lieut. I.T., R.M.
+  Courtney, Lieut. C.L. (328)
+ *Davies, Lieut. R.B. (90)
+ *Edmonds, Lieut. G.H.K.
+ *Fawcett, Capt. H., R.M.
+ *Gaskell, Lieut. A.B.
+ *Hathorn, Lieut. G.H.V., R.M.
+  Hewlett, Sub. Lieut., F.E.J.
+  Kennedy, Lieut. J.B.
+ *Maude, Lieut. C.E.
+ *Noyes, Asst. Paymaster, C.R.F.
+  Oliver, Lieut. E.A. (425)
+ *Parker, Asst. Paymaster E.B. (415)
+  Rathbone, Lieut., C.E., R.M.
+  Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)
+ *Sitwell, Lieut. W.G.
+  Travers, Lieut. J.L.
+  Vernon, Lieut. H.D. (404)
+  Wildman-Lushington, Lt. G.V., R.M.A.
+
+The following R.N. officers and men are aviators employed in various
+duties at the Admiralty, at the Central Flying School or at
+Eastchurch:--
+
+  Aldwell, Eng. Lieut. G.W.S.
+  Andrews, J.C. (372)
+  Ashton, Ldg. Seaman
+  Batemad, Able Seaman P.E. (446)
+  Briggs, Eng. Lieut. E.F.
+  Brownridge, Carp.
+  Collins, Art. Eng. J.V.
+  Cresswell, Lieut. T.S., R.M. (420)
+  Deakin, A. (333)
+  Gerrard, Capt., R.M. (76)
+  L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
+  Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster H.J. (402)
+  O'Connor, Art. Eng. T. (280)
+  Paine, Capt. G.M. (217)
+  Randall, Eng. Lieut. (81)
+  Schwann, Com. O. (203)
+  Scarff, Art. Eng. F.W.
+  Shaw, Shipwright D. (465)
+  Shepherd, Lieut. P. (288)
+  Susans, F. (380)
+  Wells, Staff. Surg. H.V.
+
+
+The following have privately secured pilot certificates in the years
+mentioned but are not employed in the R.F.C. for aeroplane work. Some of
+them, however (D), are employed in the airship section:--
+
+~1911.~
+
+   Bower, Lieut. J.A. (161)
+   Clark-Hall, Lieut. (127)
+   Leveson-Gower, Com.
+   Williamson, Lieut. (150)
+   Williamson, Lieut. H.A. (160)
+
+~Naval. 1912.~
+
+   Blatherwick, Lieut. G. (450)
+   Brown, Com. A M.T. (345)
+   Edwards, Lieut. C.H.H.
+ D Freeman Williams, Lt. F.A.P.(202)
+   Head, Lieut, G.G.W. (191)
+   Hooper, Sub. Lt. C.W.W. (382)
+   Johnson, Capt. C.D.
+ D Masterman, Com. E.A.D. (Ae.C.F.)
+   Prickett, Lieut. C.B. (381)
+   Trewin, Asst. Paymaster (294)
+ D Usborne, Lieut. N.F. (449)
+   Wheeler, Mid. N.F. (370)
+
+~Naval. 1913.~
+
+ D Boothby, Lieut. F.L.M. (Ae.C.F.)
+   Brady, B.J.W. (394)
+   Brown, Lieut. A.C.G. (398)
+   Dobie, Lieut. W.F.R. (448)
+   Fitzmaurice, Lieut. R. (447)
+   Freeman, S.T. (393)
+   Littleton, Sub. Lieut. H.A. (405)
+   Picton-Warlow, Lieut. W. (451)
+   Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)
+
+
+~Army Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.~
+
+The Army wing has its headquarters at S. Farnborough, its constitution
+being as follows:--
+
+  1st squadron (airships or kites) see Dirigible Section.
+  2nd "        (aeroplanes) base at Montrose.
+  3rd "         "            "   " Salisbury Plain.
+  4th "         "            "   " S. Farnborough.
+      (Four more aeroplane squadrons _pro._)
+
+An aeroplane squadron nominally consists of 18 aeroplanes (9 in service,
+9 remounts). At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes,
+including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 110, of which
+about 50 (including some monoplanes not in use) were effective for war
+purposes or available at short notice.
+
+The total of 110 was thus made up:--
+
+  22 monoplanes (= 2 Bleriot, 4 Bristol, 5 Deperdussin, 4 Howard-Flanders,
+                 1 Martinsyde, 6 Nieuport).
+
+  86 biplanes (= 4 Avro, 22 B.E. type,[A] various makers), 2 Breguet,
+               2 Caudrons, 30 Farman (various types), 6 Short--and about
+               20 Avro or Farman or Short not delivered.
+
+
+~Squadron Commanders.~
+
+  Brooke-Popham, Capt. H.R.M. (108)
+  Burke, Capt, C.J. (46) (Ae.C.F. 260)
+  Carden, Lt. A. D. (239)
+  Cook, Lt.-Col. H. R. (42)
+  Fulton, Major J. D. B. (27)
+  Raleigh, Capt. G. H. (196)
+  Trenchard, Major H. M. (270)
+
+
+~Flight Commanders.~
+
+  Allen, Capt. C. R. W. (159)
+  Beor, Lt. B. R. W. (R.A.) (185)
+  Becke, Capt. J. H. W. (236)
+  Connor, Lt. D. G. (54)
+  Fox, Lt. A. G. (176)
+  Higgins, Major J. F. A. (R.A.) (264)
+  Longcroft, Lt. C. A. H. (192)
+  Reynolds, Lt. H. R. P. (R.E.)
+  Salmond, Capt. J. M.
+  Webb-Bowen, Capt. T. I. (242)
+
+
+~Flying Officers.~
+
+  Abercromby, 2nd Lt. R. O. (134)
+  Allen, Lt. D. L. (318)
+  Anderson, Lt. E. V. (247)
+  Atkinson, Lt. K. P. (267)
+  Barrington-Kennett, Lt. B. H. (Adjutant) (43)
+  Beatty, Capt. W. D. (89)
+ *Birch, Lt. W. C. K. (375)
+  Board, Capt. A. G. S. (36)
+  Boyle, Lt. the Hon. D. G.
+  Burchardt-Ashton, Lt. A. E.
+  Burroughs, Lt. J. E. G.
+  Carmichael, Lt. G. I. (316)
+ *Chinnery, Lt. E. F. (211)
+  Cholmondeley, Lt. R. (271)
+ *Christie, Lt. A. (R.A.) (245)
+  Conran, Lt. E. L. (342)
+ *Corbalis, Lt. E. R. L.
+  Darbyshire, Capt. C. (257)
+  Dawes, Lt. L. (228)
+  Dawes, Capt. G. W. P. (17)
+ *Gill, Lt. N. J. (174)
+  Glanville, Lt. H. F. (307)
+  Gould, 2nd Lt. C. G. S. (282)
+  Harvey, Lt. E. G.
+ *Harvey-Kelley, Lt. H. D.
+  Herbert, Capt. P. L. W. (244)
+  Holt, Lt. A. V. (312)
+  Hubbard, 2nd Lt. T. O. B. (202)
+  Hynes, Lt. G. B. (R.A.) (40)
+  James, Lt. B. T.
+  Joubert, de la F. Lt. P. B. (280)
+  Lawrence, Lt. W.
+  MacDonnell, Capt. H. C. (273)
+  MacClean, Lt. A. C. H.
+ *Mapplebeck, Lt. G. W. C. (386)
+  Martyn, Lt. R. B.
+  Mead, Sergt. J. (475)
+  Mellor, Capt. C. (155)
+ *Mills, Lt. R. P. (377)
+  Moss, Bt.-Major L. B. (241)
+ *Musgrave, Capt. H. (R.E.)
+ *Mulcahy-Morgan, Lt. T. W.
+ *Noel, Lt. M. W. (416)
+  Pepper, Lt. J. W. (98)
+ *Picton-Warlow, Lt. W. (451)
+  Playfair, 2nd Lt. P. H. L. (283)
+ *Pretyman, Lt. G. F. (341)
+  Porter, Lt. G. T. (R.A.) (169)
+  Pryce, Hon. Lt. W. J. D. (Qr.-mr.)
+ *Read, Lt. A. M. (336)
+ *Rodwell, Lt. R. M.
+  Roupell, 2nd Lt N. S. (237)
+  Shepherd, Capt. G. S. (215)
+  Soames, Lt. A. H. L.
+  Small, Lt. F. G. D. (429)
+ *Small, Lt. R. G. (343)
+  Smith-Barry, 2nd Lt. R. R. (161)
+  Stopford. Lt. G. B.
+ *Todd, Lt. E. (185)
+  Thompson, Lt. A. B.
+  Tucker, Capt. F. St. G.
+ *Vaughan, 2nd Lt. R. M.
+  Wadham, 2nd Lt. V. H. N. (243)
+  Waldron, Lt. F. F. (260)
+  Wanklyn, Lt. F. A. (284)
+
+
+~Reserve.~
+
+  Ashmore, Major E. B. (281)
+  Bell, 2nd Lt. C. G. (100)
+  De Havilland, 2nd Lt. G. (53)
+  Hartree. 2nd Lt. A. (214)
+  Henderson, Col. D. (118)
+  Marks, Lt. C. H. (83)
+  Pizey, 2nd Lt. C. P. (61)
+  Salmond, Capt. W. G. H.
+  Smith, Lt. S. C. W.
+  Unwin, Lt. E. F.
+  Warter, 2nd Lt. H. de V. (107)
+
+
+~Special Reserve.~ (_2nd Lieuts. on probation._)
+
+  Biard, H. C., de la F. (218)
+  Busteed, H. R. (194)
+  Charteris, R. L. (197)
+  Cutler, H. D. (189)
+  Davies, E. K. (22)
+ *Fuller, E. N. (325)
+  Fuller, H. C. (Ae. C. F.)
+  Gibson. W. E. (129)
+  Hammond, J. J. (32)
+  Humphreys, G. N. (390)
+  Lerwill, F. W. H.
+  Metford, L. S. (146)
+  Perry, E. W. C. (130)
+  Rickards, G. B. (400)
+  Sippe, S. V. (172)
+  Spratt, N. C. (339)
+  Ware, D. C.
+  Wilson, C. D. (Ae. C. F. 136)
+ *Wilson, C. W. (329)
+  Young, D. G. (207)
+
+
+The following have qualified privately, R. Ae. C. brevets, but are not
+at present employed in the Aeroplane Section:--
+
+~1910.~
+
+  Gibb, Lt. (10)
+  Snowden Smith, Lt. (29)
+  Watkins, Lt. H. E. (25)
+  Wood, Capt. H. F. (37)
+
+~1911.~
+
+  Blacker, Lt. (12)
+  Cross, Lt. (151)
+  Dickson, Capt. (Ae. C. F. 260)
+  Harford, Lt. (152)
+  Harrison, Capt. (158)
+  Hoare, Capt. (126)
+  Hooper, Lt. (149)
+  Hutchinson, Capt. Steele (143)
+  Manisty, Lt. G. (135)
+  Pitcher, Capt. (125)
+  Sebag-Montefiore, Lt. (93)
+  Smeaton, Lt.-Col. (115)
+  Strover, Lt. E. J. (145)
+
+~1912.~
+
+  Agnew, Capt. C. H. (240)
+  Alston, Capt. R. C. W. (255)
+  Ashton, Lt. A. E. B. (201)
+  Bannerman, Major Sir A. (213)
+  Boger, Capt. R. (335)
+  Borton, Lt. A. E. (170)
+  Boyle, Capt. M. (241)
+  Brodigan, Lt. F. J. (200)
+  Broke-Smith, Capt. D. W. (204)
+  Bulkeley, Lt. H. T. (246)
+  Carfrae, Lt. G. T. (188)
+  Chamier, Capt. J. A. (340)
+  Cordner, Capt. R. H. L. (277)
+  Ellington, Capt. E. L. (305)
+  Empsom, Lt. J. (387)
+  Fielding, L. H. C. (212)
+  Fletcher, Lt. (229)
+  Hanlon, Lt. D. R. (311)
+  Jones, Lt. B. T. (230)
+  Lewis, Lt. D. (216)
+  Mackay, Lt. M. E. (177)
+  Mackworth, Lt. J. D. (209)
+  Martin-Barry, Lt. (Ae. C. F.)
+  McCudden, Capt. J. H. (269)
+  Miller, Capt. G. R. (313)
+  Murray, Lt. R. G. H. (320)
+  Nicholas, Capt. C. P. (266)
+  Penn-Gaskell, Lt. L. de C. (308)
+  Percival, Lt. D. (226)
+  Pollok, Lt. R. V. (379)
+  Powell, Capt. D. W. (389)
+  Price, Capt. C. L. (299)
+  Rawson, Lt. K. (249)
+  Reilly, Lt. H. L. (252)
+  Ridd, Corporal F. (227)
+  Roger, Capt. R. (335)
+  Stott, Capt. J. N. J. (373)
+  Styles, Lt. F. E. (338)
+  Thomas, Staff-Sergt. (276)
+  Trevenon, Lt. B. J. (230)
+  Weeding, Capt. (182)
+  Winfield-Smith, Lt. S. G. (187)
+  Worthington-Wilmer, Lt. F. M. (254)
+
+~1913.~
+
+  Archer, Lt. R. H. (434)
+  Bayly, Lt. C. G. G. (441)
+  Bruce, Sergt. W. R. (467)
+  Bourke, Lt. U. J. D. (479)
+  Cameron, Major N. J. (478)
+  Chidson, Lt. M. R. (471)
+  Crogan, Lt. F. J. L. (460)
+  Harrison, Lt.
+  Hawker, Lt. L. G. (435)
+  Hordern, Lt. L. C. (440)
+  Hosking, Lt. C. G. (472)
+  Hunter, Sergt.
+  Kemper, Sergt. K. (444)
+  Lee, Lt. C. F. (431)
+  Maclean, Lt. L. L. (427)
+  Marshall, Lt. R. (470)
+  McMullern, Lt. J. D. (436)
+  Merrick, Major G. C. (484)
+  Mitchell, Lt. W. G. S. (483)
+  Read, Lt. W. R. (463)
+  Rees, Lt. Col. W. B. (392)
+  Stafford, Sergt. W. G. (438)
+  Street, Sergt. E. J. (439)
+  Thomas, Sergt. Major
+  Vagg, Sergt. H. R. (443)
+
+The above figures are mainly taken from _The Aeroplane,_ 1st May, 1913.
+
+* = under instruction; not yet graded.
+
+
+PRIVATE AVIATORS.
+
+(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the R. Ae. C.
+pilot certificate number).
+
+_To end of_ ~1911.~
+
+  Abbott, C. R. (101)
+  Aitken, A. H. (56)
+  Anderson, J. A. (164)
+  Archer, Ernest (Ae. C. F. 214)
+  Ballard, F. M. (151)
+  Barber, H. (30)
+  Barnes, G. A. (16)
+  Blackburn, H. (79)
+  Bowens, R. G. (39)
+  Boyle, Hon. Alan (13)
+  Bretherton, John (136)
+  Breton, J. (136)
+  Brown, H. B. (109)
+  Chataway, J. D. (167)
+  Challenger, G. H. (58)
+  Chambers, C. F. M. (168)
+  Cockburn, G. B. (5)
+  Cockerell, P. (132)
+  Cody, S. F. (9)
+  Conway-Jenkins, F. (74)
+  Crawshay, R. (133)
+  Colmore, G. C. (15)
+  Dacre, G. B. (162)
+  Darroch, G. R. S. (59)
+  Dolphin, W. H. (82)
+  Dunkinfield-Jones (138)
+  Ducroq, M. (23)
+  Dyott, G. M. (114)
+  Driver, E. F. (110)
+  Egerton, M. Hon. (11)
+  England, Gordon (68)
+  Esterre, C. R. (Ae. C. F. 259)
+  Ewen, W. H. (63)
+  Fleming, H. R. (69)
+  George, A. E. (19)
+  Graham-White, Claud (6) (Ae. C. F. 30)
+  Gresswell, C. H. (26)
+  Grey, W. H. de (107)
+  Halse, E. (131)
+  Hamel, Gustav (64) (Ae. C. F. 358)
+  Harding, Howard (Ae. C. F. 213)
+  Harrison, Eric (131)
+  Hewlett, Mrs. (122)
+  Higginbotham, Gerald (96)
+  Hilliard, W. M. (102)
+  Hubert, Charles (57)
+  Hotchkiss, E. (87)
+  Houdini, Harry
+  Hucks, B. G. (91)
+  Hunter, A. (137)
+  Johnston, St. Croix, P. G. (41)
+  Johnstone, W. Barnley (103)
+  Kemp, R. C. (80)
+  Keith-Davies, E.
+  King
+  Knight, Archibald (60)
+  Lawrence, W. (113)
+  Longstaffe, J. L. (140)
+  Loraine, Robert (Ae. C. F. 126)
+  Low, A. R. (34)
+  Macdonald, L. F. (28)
+  Maron, Louis (62)
+  Martin, J. V. Mrs. (55)
+  Macfie, R. (49)
+  McArdle, W. E. (Ae. C. F.)
+  M'Clean, F. K. (21)
+  Mellersh, O. S. (155)
+  Melly, H. G. (Ae. C. F.)
+  Moorhouse, W. B. R. (147)
+  Morrison, O. C. (46)
+  Moore-Brabazon, J. (1)
+  Noel, Louis (116)
+  Ogilvie, A. (7)
+  Pashley, Cecil L. (106)
+  Pashley, E. C. (139)
+  Paterson, C. E. (38)
+  Paul, E. A. (Ae. C. F.)
+  Percival, N. S. (111)
+  Petre, H. A. (128)
+  Philpott, R. W. (81)
+  Pixton, H. (50)
+  Prentice, W. R. (67)
+  Radley, J. (12)
+  Rawlinson, A. (3)
+  Raynham, F. P. (85)
+  Roe, A. V. (18)
+  Salmet, H. (99)
+  Sassoon, E. V. (52)
+  Santoni, L.
+  Singer, A. M. (8) (Ae. C. F. 24)
+  Slack, R. B. (157)
+  Smith, S. E. (33)
+  Smith, W. W. (Ae. C. F.)
+  Spencer, H. (124)
+  Somers-Somerset (Ae. C. F. 151)
+  Sopwith, T. (31)
+  Stanley-Adams, H. (97)
+  Stark (Ae. C. F. 110)
+  Stocks, Mrs. C. de B. (153)
+  Thomas, J. H. (51)
+  Travers, J. L. (86)
+  Turner, C. C. (70)
+  Turner, L. W. F. (66)
+  Valentine, J. (47)
+  Watt, W. O. (112)
+  Weir, J. D. (24)
+  Weston, John (Ae. C. F.)
+  Wickham, R. F. (20)
+  Woodward, G. A. T. (A
+
+_To end of_ ~1912.~
+
+  Barnwell, R. H. (278)
+  Beech, A. C. (Ae. C. F.)
+  Bendall, W. (180)
+  Bettington, A. V. (326)
+  Birch, E. (322)
+  Brock, W. L. (285)
+  Cheeseman, W. E. (293)
+  Featherstone, W. (384)
+  Fowler, F. H. (221)
+  Gates, R. T. (225)
+  Garne, T. (173)
+  Geere, A. E. (310)
+  Gill, R. W. R. (258)
+  Hall, H. W. (332)
+  Hall, J. L. (291)
+  Hardman, W. L. (323)
+  Harrison, W. J. (275)
+  Hawker, H. G. (297)
+  Hedley, W. S. (274)
+  Hewitt, V. (302)
+  Higginbotham, V. C. (317)
+  Holyoake, R. G. (268)
+  James, J. H. (315)
+  James, H. H. (344)
+  Kershaw, R. H. (248)
+  Lister, R. A. (250)
+  Nesham, H. P. (219)
+  Nevill, M. R. (223)
+  Manton, M. D. (231)
+  Meredith, C. W. (193)
+  Merriam, F. W. (179)
+  Parr, S. (184)
+  Payze, Arthur (337)
+  Potet, A. (224)
+  Prensiel, G. (198)
+  Simms, R. H. (261)
+  Stodart, Dr. D. E. (321)
+  Summerfield, S. (292)
+  Sutton, E. F. (295)
+  Sweetman-Powell, H. (251)
+  Taylor, V. P. (376)
+  Tremlett, L. A. (208)
+  Wood, V. G. (171)
+  Wynne, A. M. (314)
+  Wright, H. S. (331)
+  Yates, V. (306)
+
+~1913~ (Brevets from 400 onward).
+
+  Andreas, F. G. (477)
+  Barron, J. C. (480)
+  Hodgson, W. P. (433)
+  Kehrmann, J. C. (420)
+  King, R. A. (482)
+  Lane, H. T. G. (418)
+  Lawford, E. H. (442)
+  Macandrew, H. E. W. (401)
+  Macneill, W. (Ae. C. F.)
+  McNamara, J. C. (445)
+  Minchin, F. R. (419)
+  Muller, P. M. (432)
+  Temple, G. L. (424)
+  Thompson, A. B. A. (452)
+  Tower, H. C. (466)
+  Rainey, T. H. (474)
+  Russell, A. L. (406)
+  Stewart, H. (473)
+  Strain, L. H. (476)
+
+The following British aviators have been killed:
+
+  +-------------------------------------+
+  |                1910.                |
+  | Rolls, Hon. C. (2)                  |
+  |                                     |
+  |                1911.                |
+  | Benson, R.                          |
+  | Cammell, Lieut. (45)                |
+  | Grace, Cecil (4)                    |
+  | Napier (104)                        |
+  | Oxley, H. (78)                      |
+  | Ridge, T. (119)                     |
+  | Smith, V.[B]                        |
+  |                                     |
+  |                1912.                |
+  | Allen, D. L. (183)                  |
+  | Astley, J. H. D. (48)               |
+  | Bettington, Lt. C. A. (256)         |
+  | Campbell, Lindsay (220)             |
+  | Clark, Miss J.                      |
+  | Fenwick, R. C. (35)                 |
+  | Fisher, E. V. B. (77)               |
+  | Gilmour, Graham (Ae. C. F.)         |
+  | Hardwick, A.                        |
+  | Hamilton, Capt. P. (194)            |
+  | Hotchkiss, Lieut.                   |
+  | Loraine, Capt. (154)                |
+  | Petre, Edward (259)                 |
+  | Parke, Lieut. W. (73)               |
+  | Wilson, St. Serg. (232)             |
+  | Wyness-Stuart, Lt. A.               |
+  |                                     |
+  |                1913.                |
+  | Arthur, Lt. Desmond (233)           |
+  | Berne, Paym'st'r (R.N.)             |
+  | England, G. (301)                   |
+  | Macdonald, L. F.                    |
+  | Rogers-Harrison, Lieut. L. C. (205) |
+  +-------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+BRITISH AEROPLANES
+
+
+
+~A~
+
+
+AIRCRAFT FACTORY. Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, near Aldershot.
+For a long time this establishment had been engaged in dirigible
+construction and repairs. In 1911 it was decided to expand it in
+connection with the Royal Flying Corps. Its precise functions are
+somewhat uncertain. Its nominal main purpose is the repair, etc., of
+Service Aircraft. During 1912, however, it turned out several machines
+to a design of its own, known as the _"B.E."_ This design was at one
+time regarded as confidential; but subsequently duplicates were built by
+private contractors, and the design illustrated below, published by the
+Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
+
+[Illustration: B.E. type. R.A.F. UAS.]
+
+~Length,~ 29-1/2 feet (9 m.)
+
+~Span.~--36-3/4 feet (11.20 m.)
+
+~Area.~--374 sq. feet (34-3/4 m².)
+
+~Weight.~--
+
+~Motor.~--75 h.p. Renault and others.
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+
+AERO'S Ltd. St. James' Street, Norwich Union Buildings, Piccadilly,
+London, S.W. Established 1912 for the sale of all parts and accessories;
+also for the sale of second hand aeroplanes and motors of all makes.
+Does not construct at present.
+
+
+AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING Co., Ltd. 47, Victoria Street, London, S.W.
+Works: Hendon, London, N.W. This company established in 1912, holds all
+the British rights for the _H. & M. Farman_ types. It constructs in
+England all _Farman_ types at its own works. (See _Farman_, French).
+
+
+AVRO. Aeroplanes. A. V. Roe & Co., Clifton Street, Miles Platting,
+Manchester; also Shoreham, Sussex. A. V. Roe designed his first machine,
+a biplane, in 1906. It was the first British machine to leave the
+ground. He then experimented with triplanes in Lea Marshes, where he
+managed to fly with only 9 h.p. in 1908-9. In August, 1910, built _Roe
+III_, and in September, _Roe IV_, also triplanes (see 1911 edition for
+full details). In 1911 he abandoned triplanes for the _Avro_ biplane.
+School: Shoreham.
+
+[Illustration: Type D (1911). _Photo, Alan H. Burgoyne, Esq., M.P._]
+
+  ----------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------------+--------------------
+                                          |    ~D 1911-12.~   |    ~E 1912.~   |    ~F 1912.~   |     ~G 1912-13.~  |  ~E 1912-13.~
+                  Model.                  |     2-seater      |     2-seater   |     Totally    |      Totally      |   Hydro-biplane.
+                                          |     biplane.      |     biplane.   |     enclosed   |      enclosed     |
+                                          |                   |                |       mono.    |      biplane.     |
+  ----------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                      feet (m.) |  31       (9.45)  |  29    (8.84)  |  23   (7)      |  29       (8.84)  |  33        (10)
+  ~Span~                        feet (m.) |  31       (9.45)  |  36    (11)    |  28   (8.50)   |  36       (11)    |  47-1/2    (14.50)
+  ~Area~                    sq. ft. (m².) |  279      (26)    |  335   (32)    |  158  (14-1/2) |  335      (32)    |  478       (34-1/2)
+               {empty         lbs. (kgs.) |  800      (363)   |  900   (482)   |  550  (249)    |  1191     (540)   |  1740      (789)
+  ~Weight~     {                          |                   |                |                |                   |
+               {fully loaded, lbs. (kgs.) |        ...        |  1300  (589)   |  800  (363)    |  1700     (771)   |  2700      (1224)
+  ~Motor~                           h.p.  |  35, any make     |   50 Gnome     |    40 Viale    |     60 Green      |  100 Gnome
+  ~Speed~                    m.p.h. (km.) |  48       (78)    |  61    (97)    |  65   (105)    |  61.8     (100)   |  55        (90)
+  Number built during 1912                |    several        |       6        |        1       |         1         |         1
+  ----------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------------+--------------------
+
+Remarks.--Of the above, 4 of the 50 Gnome E type were purchased by the
+British Royal Flying Corps, and one by the Portuguese Government; the
+other went to Windermere on January, 1913, for hydro experiments.
+Climbing speed of this type is 440 feet per min. (134 m.) Dual control
+fitted. D type are no longer being built. Climbing speed of F type, 300
+feet per min. (91.5 m.) Gliding angle, 1 in 6. G has a gliding angle 1
+in 6.5. On October 24th, 1912, made British record to date, 7'31-1/2"
+(=450 miles). The hydro. was delivered to the British R.F.C. naval wing
+early in 1913.
+
+[Illustration: Avro. Type D (1911-12). U.A.S.]
+
+[Illustration: E type Standard 50 h.p. Avro Biplane.]
+
+  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                                                                      |
+  |                   _No suitable photo available._                     |
+  | The machine is on usual lines. The first had a single float, but now |
+  |                       two floats are used.                           |
+  |                                                                      |
+  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+E type 100 h.p. Avro Hydro-biplane.
+
+[Illustration: F type Enclosed Avro Mono.]
+
+[Illustration: G type Enclosed Avro Biplane.]
+
+
+
+~B~
+
+
+BLACKBURN Aeroplanes. Blackburn Aeroplane Co., Balm Road, Leeds.
+Blackburn produced his first machine early in 1910 (see 1911 edition for
+details). In the latter part of that year he designed the machine which
+ultimately developed into the _Blackburn_ military. In 1911 other types
+were produced, all being fitted with the patent Blackburn triple
+control. School at Filey Hucks has been the principal _Blackburn_ flyer.
+The type has also been very successfully flown by naval officers.
+Capacity of works: about 24 a year.
+
+  ------------------+------------------------+------------------------+-------------------------------
+                    |       ~1912-13.~       |        ~1912-13.~      |             ~1913.~
+                    |   Military. 2-seater.  |    Military. 1-seater  |         Hydro-biplane.
+                    |                        |                        |            2-seater
+  ------------------+------------------------+------------------------+-------------------------------
+  ~Length~          | 32 feet     (9.75 m.)  |  25 feet    (7.60 m.)  |  33 feet      (10 km.)
+  ~Span~            | 40 feet     (12.20 m.) |  32 feet    (9.75 m.)  |  44 & 36 ft.  (13.40 & 11 km.)
+  ~Area~            | 276 sq. ft. (26 m².)   |  195 sq. ft. (18 m².)  |  410 sq. ft.  (38 m².)
+  ~Weight~ (total)  |          ...           |  750 lbs.  (340 kgs.)  |  1250 lbs.    (507 kgs.)
+  ~Motor~       h.p.|          ...           |        50 Gnome.       |  80 Gnome or 100 Anzani
+  ~Speed~           | 55-65 m.  (90-105 km.) |  60 m.       (97 km.)  |  65 m.        (105 km.)
+  ------------------+------------------------+------------------------+-------------------------------
+
+Notes.--Petrol for 5 hours (higher endurances can be fitted). Specially
+designed for military work--all steel construction. All parts unwelded
+to admit of rapid displacement. Clear observation provided for.
+
+~Fuselage.~--The fuselage is ~V~ shaped and constructed of weldless
+steel tubing in the form of a lattice girder. The main longitudinals are
+of round section; cross members, oval section. Connections are not
+welded but made with strong steel clips so that should any member become
+damaged a new one can be readily arranged. The front portion is covered
+with sheet metal giving additional strength and reducing the head
+resistance. Stream line form tapering towards the rear which is covered
+with fabric.
+
+~Chassis.~--Two long skids connected up to fuselage by metal struts.
+Each skid borne by a pair of wheels, axle held down by elastic shock
+absorbers. On the axle of the wheels are fitted steel springs which take
+side thrust. Each pair of wheels held by radius rods forming a bogie.
+
+~Control.~--Patent Blackburn triple, independent or simultaneous on hand
+wheel, but special foot control for rudder is fitted if desired.
+
+In 1912, five machines were built, of which two were of the mil. model.
+Others, non-military models (see last edition.)
+
+[Illustration: Military monoplane.]
+
+[Illustration: BLACKBURN. Military Type. Two-seater. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: BLACKBURN. Naval Type.]
+
+
+BRISTOL. The British & Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd., Filton House,
+Bristol. Founded 1910. Capital (1913), ?. Have very extensive works
+(area. ? sq. feet) on the outskirts of Bristol, employing over 300 men,
+where they manufacture to their own designs practically every type of
+flying machine. Flying grounds: Salisbury Plain, Brooklands. 105 Royal
+Aero Club certificates won on _Bristol_ machines during 1912 (of which
+86 were officers of His Majesty's Forces).
+
+  ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+                                    |   ~Military~    |   ~Military~    |                 |
+                                    |    ~mono.~      |    ~mono.~      |   ~Tractor~     |    ~School~
+                                    |    2-seater.    |    2-seater.    |   ~biplane~     |     ~mono.~
+                                    |     80 h.p.     |     50 h.p.     |    ~1913.~      |  Side by side.
+                                    |   ~1912-13.~    |   ~1912-13.~    |                 |
+  ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+  ~Length~                feet (m.) | 28-1/4   (8.60) | 23-2/3   (7.20) | 27-3/4   (8.47) |
+  ~Span~                  feet (m.) | 42-1/3  (12.90) | 39-1/3     (12) | 34-1/3  (10.44) |
+  ~Area~             sq. feet (m².) | 221      (20.6) | 226        (22) | 370      (34.4) |
+  ~Total~     {machine, lbs. (kgs.) | 1719      (771) | 1323      (600) | 1764      (800) |
+     ~weight~ {useful   lbs. (kgs.) | 710       (322) | 551       (250) | 1200      (544) |
+  ~Motor~                      h.p. |    80 Gnome     |     50 Gnome    |    70 Renault   |     50 Gnome
+  ~Speed~        {max. m.p.h. (km.) | 73        (118) | 62        (100) | 70        (112) |
+                 {min. m.p.h. (km.) |       ...       |       ...       |       ...       |
+  ~Endurance~                  hrs. |        4        |       3-4       |       ...       |
+  Number built during 1912          |       ...       |       ...       |       ...       |
+  ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+
+Notes.--~Monoplane:~ Box section fuselage convex on bottom side to
+minimise resistance. Mounted on 2 wheels and 2 skids with smaller wheels
+attached at the forward end. Bristol tractor. ~Biplane:~ Box section
+fuselage, convex on top and bottom sides. Mounted as monoplane. Bristol
+tractor. This machine is the latest production of the Bristol Co., and
+has proved an exceptionally successful flyer. Designed by M. Coanda.
+
+[Illustration: 80 h.p. monoplane.]
+
+[Illustration: 70 h.p. biplane. UAS.]
+
+
+BLERIOT Aeronautics. Belfast Chambers, 156, Regent Street, London, W.
+School: Hendon. British office of the _Bleriot_ firm (see France).
+
+
+BRITISH BREGUET CO., 1, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London, W. Works
+and offices: 5, Hythe Road, Cumberland Park, Willesden, London, N.W.
+Established 1912. Constructs in England _Breguet_ models, some of which
+are beginning to vary in detail from the originals (see France).
+
+
+BRITISH CAUDRON. (See _Ewen_.)
+
+
+BRITISH DEPERDUSSINS. British Deperdussin Aeroplane Co., Ltd., 39,
+Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S.W. School: Hendon.
+
+Chairman: Admiral The Hon. Sir E. R. Freemantle, G.C.B., C.M.G.
+
+Managing Directors: Lieut. J. C. Porte, R.N., D. Laurence Santoni.
+
+Secretary: N. D. Thompson.
+
+This firm handles the French models of _Deperdussins_, but has in
+addition a special hydro-aeroplane of its own, of which one was built in
+1912. Details of this special machine are:--~Length,~ 27 feet 10 inches
+(8.50 m.) ~Span,~ 42 feet (12.80 m.) ~Area,~ 290 sq. feet (27 m².)
+~Weight,~ total, 1,800 lbs. (816 kg.); useful, 1,250 lbs. (566 kg.)
+~Motor,~ 100 h.p. Anzani. ~Speed,~ 67 m.p.h. (110 k.m.) Other models
+sold by the firm are of French type exactly (see France).
+
+
+BRITISH DONNET-LEVEQUE. Handled by Aeros, Ltd., 39, St. James' Street,
+Piccadilly, London, S.W. Company forming March, 1913 (see France). Works
+and school at Shoreham.
+
+
+BRITISH FARMANS. (See _Aircraft Co._)
+
+
+BRITISH HANRIOTS. Hewlett & Blondeau, Omnia Works, Vardens Road, Clapham
+Junction, London, S.W. Construct all types of _Hanriot_ machines (see
+France), also build to private specifications, and deal in accessories
+generally.
+
+
+BRITISH NIEUPORTS. Company forming 1913. Representative: M. Bonnier, 2,
+Goulders Green Crescent, London, N.W.
+
+
+
+~C~
+
+
+CODY. Cody flying school, Farnborough. Cody commenced experiments with
+kites in very early days on behalf of the British Admiralty.
+Subsequently built the first British Army dirigible, and an experimental
+Army aeroplane. In 1909, his direct connection with the Army ceased. A
+_Cody I_ was built in 1908. A _Cody II_ was completed June 1910. The
+_special features_ of both were: very strong construction, great size
+(_II_ had area of 857 sq. feet), ailerons. Later types, except that
+warping is substituted for ailerons, do not differ very materially
+except in minor details. All wood construction.
+
+  ---------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------
+                                   |     ~1911.~     |       ~1913.~     |       Model.
+                                   |    4-seater     |      4-seater     |    May, ~1912.~
+                                   |    biplane.     |      biplane.     |     Monoplane.
+  ---------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------
+  ~Length~                feet (m.)| 38      (11.60) | 38        (11.60) | 38        (11.60)
+  ~Span~                  feet (m.)| 43         (13) | 43           (13) | 43-1/2    (13.25)
+  ~Area~             sq. feet (m².)| 484    (44-3/4) | 483      (44-3/4) | 260          (19)
+               {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1900      (862) | 1900        (862) | 2400       (1088)
+  ~Weight~     {                   |                 |                   |
+               {useful  lbs. (kgs.)| 1000      (453) | 1000        (453) | 700
+  ~Motor~                          | 60 Green, later | 120 Aust. Daimler | 120 Aust. Daimler
+                                   |   a 100 Green   |                   |
+              {max     m.p.h. (km.)| 70        (115) | 75          (120) | 83          (135)
+  ~Speed~     {                    |                 |                   |
+              {min     m.p.h. (km.)| 47         (75) | 47           (75) | 58           (95)
+  Number built to end of last year |        1        |        1          |         1
+  ---------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------
+
+Remarks.--The 1911 is the famous _Cody_, which, as a 60 h.p., won both
+Michelin 1911 prizes, and completed the _Daily Mail_ circuit. As a 100
+h.p. it won the 1912 Michelin cross-country. By the end of 1912 it is
+said to have flown a total of 7000 miles. The 1913 is practically a
+duplicate with a more powerful engine. _Special features_ of the
+biplanes, maximum camber to lower plane. Both planes equal span. Very
+strong landing gear. Propeller chain driven: 1-3/4 to 1 gearing. In
+February, 1913, four biplanes were ordered for the British Army.
+
+Cody lists a mono. for 1913 a trifle longer than the above; also five
+variations on the biplane of from 35 to 160 h.p., which can be built if
+required.
+
+[Illustration: Biplane.]
+
+
+COVENTRY ORDNANCE. The Coventry Ordnance Works, Ltd., Coventry. London
+office: 28, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. Established 1912. Capacity: 50
+machines a year without difficulty.
+
+  ----------------------------+--------------+
+                              | ~1912.~      |
+                              |   Model 10.  |
+  ----------------------------+--------------+
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)| 29    (8.80) |
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)| 56      (17) |
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)| 630     (58) |
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)| 1900   (861) |
+  ~Weight~ {                  |              |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 800    (362) |
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|  100 Gnome   |
+            {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 60      (97) |
+  ~Speed~   {                 |              |
+            {min. m.p.h. (km.)|     ...      |
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|     ...      |
+  Number Built during 1912    |      2       |
+  ----------------------------+--------------+
+
+Remarks.--Experimental machines.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+~D~
+
+
+DUNNE. The Blair Atholl Aeroplane Syndicate, Ltd., 1, Queen Victoria
+Street, London, E.C. School: Eastchurch. In 1906 Lieut. Dunne was
+employed by the British Army authorities for secret aeroplane
+experiments. He had at that time patented a monoplane of < type. In 1907
+_Dunne I_ was tried on the Duke of Atholl's estate in Scotland, but
+failed to fly, being smashed on the starting apparatus. _Dunne III_, a
+glider, 1908, was experimented with successfully by Lieut. Gibbs. In the
+same year _Dunne IV_, a larger power driven edition made hops of 50
+yards or so. Early in 1910 the War Office abandoned the experiments.
+_Dunne II_, a triplane of 1906 design, was, by consent of the War
+Office, assigned to Prof. Huntingdon, who made one or two short flights
+with it at Eastchurch in 1910. At the same time the above syndicate was
+formed, and _Dunne V_, built by Short Bros., was completed in June,
+1910. In 1912-13 the Huntingdon, modified, was flying well.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |    50 Gnome.     |                  |                  |
+                               |     ~1912-13~    |     ~1912-13~    |    ~1912-13~     |    ~1912-13~
+           Model and Date.     |    single-seat   |     2-seater     |     biplane.     |     biplane.
+                               |       mono.      |       mono.      |      ~D 8.~      |      ~D 9.~
+                               |       ~D 7.~     |    ~D 7~ _bis._  |                  |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|    _not given_   |      ...         |       ...        |       ...
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|  35      (10.66) |   35     (10.66) |   46        (14) |   45      (13.70)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)| 200       (18.5) |  200      (18.5) |  552        (51) |  448         (42)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|1050        (476) | 1200       (544) | 1700       (771) | 1693        (768)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)| 359        (161) |  528       (239) |  414       (187) |  509        (231)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     50 Gnome     |     70 Gnome     |     60 Green     |     80 Gnome
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|  60         (95) |   60        (95) |   45        (70) |   50         (80)
+  Number built during 1912     |        1         |         1        |         1        |   5 b'lding ('13)
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Notes.--Biplane _D 3_ is identical with the original pattern _Dunne V_,
+except that it has only one propeller instead of two. It has been flown
+completely uncontrolled in a 20 m.p.h. wind, carrying a R. Ae. C.
+observer as passenger.
+
+[Illustration: DUNNE. Original Dunne biplane D5.]
+
+
+
+~E~
+
+
+EWEN. The W. H. Ewen Aviation Co., London Aerodrome: Hendon. Also works
+at Lanark, Scotland (opened February, 1913). Hold the British rights for
+and construct at their works _Caudron_ aeroplanes (see France).
+
+
+
+~F~
+
+
+FERGUSON. J. B. Ferguson, Ltd., Belfast.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This machine first appeared in 1910. Owing to an accident to Mr.
+Ferguson it was laid up for a long time. About the end of 1912 it
+re-appeared. Principal details:--
+
+~Span.~--40 feet (12.20 m.) ~Area.~--230 sq. feet (21 m².) H.P. 40.
+
+
+
+~G~
+
+
+GRAHAME-WHITE. The Grahame-White Aviation Co., Ltd., 166 Piccadilly,
+London, W. Works and Flying Ground: Hendon. Founded by C. Grahame-White,
+the well-known aviator, who in 1909 commenced operations with a school
+at Pau. Later this was removed to England, and a general agency for the
+sale of aeroplanes, etc., established. This developed, and early in 1911
+the firm was handling a special British agency for the U.S. _Burgess_
+type known as "The Baby." The Hendon Aerodrome was acquired, and a
+factory established, which has grown continually ever since. In April,
+1912, a monoplane to special design was completed. By the close of the
+same year biplanes of advanced design were constructed. Capacity of the
+works, March, 1913, was equal to 150 machines a year if necessary.
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------
+                                    |       ~1913.~      |    ~1913.~    |    ~1913.~    |    ~1913.~    |    ~1913.~
+                                    |      Military      |   "Popular"   |   "Popular"   |    Tractor    |  Monoplane.
+                                    |      biplane.      |   biplane.    |   biplane.    | hydro-biplane |   Type IX.
+                                    |      Type VI.      |   Type VII.   |   Type VII.   |   Type VIII   | single-seat.
+                                    |     2-seater.      |   1-seater.   |   2-seater.   |   2-seater.   |
+                                    |                    |               |               |               |
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|  33-1/4   (10.10)  | 20-5/6 (6.40) | 26-5/6 (8.22) | 25     (7.60) | 21     (6.40)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|     42    (12.80)  | 29-1/6 (8.85) | 38    (11.60) | 42-1/2   (13) | 32     (9.75)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|    435   (40-1/2)  | 230      (21) | 475      (44) | 380      (35) | 208      (19)
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)|   2200      (997)  |               |               | 850     (385) |      ...
+  ~Weight~ {                        |                    |      ...      |      ...      |               |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|    750      (340)  |               |               | 450     (204) |      ...
+  ~Motor~                           | 120 Aust. Daimler  |   50 Gnome    |   50 Gnome    |   80 Gnome    |   50 Gnome
+               {max.  m.p.h (k.p.h.)|     70      (110)  |  60      (95) |  50      (80) |  65     (105) |  65     (105)
+  ~Speed~ {                         |                    |               |               |               |
+               {min.  m.p.h (k.p.h.)|     55       (90)  |  50      (80) |  40      (65) |  50      (80) |      ...
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|          6         |       4       |       4       |       4       |       4
+  Number built during 1912          |          1         |      ...      |      ...      |       1       |      ...
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------
+                                    | Also built with a  |   Also built  |               |   Also built  | Also built with
+                                    | 90 Aust. Daimler.  |   with a 35   |               |   with a 60   | a 35 Anzani.
+                                    |                    |               |               |               |
+                                    | Designed to carry  |               |               |               | Two main floats
+                                    | a gun on the bow.  |               |               |               | with 12-1/2 ft. track.
+                                    |                    |               |               |               | Floats are 15 ft.
+                                    | Very good view.    |               |               |               | long, 2 ft. wide,
+                                    |                    |               |               |               | 1 ft. 3 in. deep.
+                                    | Very strong landing|               |               |               |
+                                    | carriage.          |               |               |               |
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------
+
+[Illustration: Military Type VI. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: "Popular" biplane. Type VII. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: Hydro-biplane. Type VIII. UAS.]
+
+
+
+~H~
+
+HOWARD-FLANDERS. L. Howard-Flanders, Ltd., 31, Townsend Terrace,
+Richmond, Surrey. School: Brooklands. Established February, 1912, by
+Howard-Flanders, whose connection with aviation dates from the pioneer
+days. Richmond Works opened April, 1912. Capacity of the works at end of
+1912 was sufficient to turn out from 25 to 35 machines a year.
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |    ~F 4 1912.~   |    ~B 2 1912.~   |   ~S 2 1913.~    |    ~F 5 1913.~   |    ~B 3 1913.~
+                               |     2-seater     |     2-seater     |   single-seat    |     2-seater     |     2-seater
+                               |     military     |     biplane.     |    monoplane.    |    monoplane.    |     biplane.
+                               |    monoplane.    |                  |                  |                  |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   31-1/2  (9.50) |   31-1/2  (9.50) |   28      (8.50) |   31      (9.45) |   31      (9.45)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   40        (12) |   40        (12) |   35     (10.70) |   39     (11.90) |   40        (12)
+  ~Area~          sq. feet (m²)|  240        (22) |  390        (36) |  190    (17-3/4) |  250        (23) |  390        (36)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1850       (839) | 1500       (680) | 1180       (535) | 1600       (726) | 1650       (748)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  500       (227) |  450       (204) |  350       (159) |  600       (272) |  600       (272)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    70 Renault    |     40 A.B.C.    |     80 Gnome     |     80 Gnome     |     80 Gnome
+          {max     m.p.h. (km.)|   67       (108) |   56        (90) |   82       (132) |   70       (115) |   68       (110)
+  ~Speed~ {                    |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+          {min     m.p.h. (km.)|   41        (66) |   38        (61) |   45        (73) |   42        (68) |   40        (65)
+  Number built during 1912     |         4        |         1        |                  |                  |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--_F 4_ climbing speed 1000 feet (305 m.) in 3-1/2 minutes, 1500
+in 5-1/2 mins., 2000 in 8 mins. _B 2_ climbing speed 200 feet (61 m.)
+per minute. The four _F 4_ type were bought by the British Army during
+1912.
+
+[Illustration: Monoplane.]
+
+[Illustration: Biplane.]
+
+[Illustration: FLANDERS. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: FLANDERS. UAS.]
+
+
+HANDLEY-PAGE Monoplanes. Handley Page, 72, Victoria Street, S.W. Works:
+110, Cricklewood Lane, N.W. Flying ground: Hendon. Established at the
+end of 1908. In June, 1909, it was turned into a Limited Liability Co.
+Since then it has been busily employed in producing its own machines,
+also others to inventor's specifications. About the end of 1911 the firm
+bought up and sold all the machines of the Aeronautical
+Syndicate--_Valkyrie_ and _Viking_ types. It is doubtful whether any of
+these V type still exist--in any case it does not matter. Four were
+presented to the R. Flying Corps. Of these one was smashed up, the
+others, one army and two navy, were used to teach mechanics to take down
+and re-assemble engines, etc. Handley-Page also bought up the
+_Radley-Moorhouse_ machines (Bleriot copies), and disposed of them.
+
+The 1912-13 _Handley-Page_ type is as follows--a development along
+regular lines of the original H.P. machine:--
+
+[Illustration: Handley-Page V.]
+
+~Length,~ 27-1/2 feet (8.40 m.) ~span,~ 42-1/2 feet (12.95 m.) ~area,~
+240 sq. feet. (22-1/4 m².)
+
+~Weight.~--Total, 1300 lbs. (590 kgs.) Empty, 800 lbs. (363 kgs.)
+
+~Motor.~--50 h.p. Gnome. ~Speed.~ 55 m.p.h. (90 km.)
+
+Remarks.--The fixed tail area is 32 sq. feet. Body is entirely enclosed,
+stream line form. The passenger sits behind the pilot. Mounted on wheels
+and one long skid forward. Full description and details, _Flight_, 26th
+October, 1912.
+
+Principal pilots have been the late E. Petre (who made in it the only
+flight through London), the late Lieut. Parke, R.N., S. Pickles, and L.
+R. Whitehouse. The machine has been flown with two passengers, in
+addition to the pilot.
+
+~Military work.~--During 1912 five biplanes of the _B.E._ type were
+ordered by the British War Office. Several monoplanes were ordered by
+foreign governments.
+
+[Illustration: HANDLEY PAGE. UAS.]
+
+
+
+~L~
+
+
+LAKE FLYING Co. Windermere. Established 1911, by E. W. Wakefield, with a
+view to hydro-aeroplane experiments. The first machine was a _Curtiss_
+type built by A. V. Roe, which flew in November, 1911. In 1912, a
+special biplane generally of _Farman_ type but with more camber to the
+planes, was built.
+
+[Illustration: WATER HEN.]
+
+~Length.~--36-1/2 feet (11 m.) ~Span.~--42 feet (12.80 m.) ~Area.~--270
+sq. feet (25 m.²) ~Motor.~--Gnome. ~Speed.~--45.33 m.p.h. (72.54 k.p.h.)
+
+The single float is 6 feet wide, flexibly connected. Balancers mounted
+on a spring board. Water rudders for steering at slow speed. Fuller
+details see _Flight_, December 7th, 1912. Early in 1913, an _Avro_ was
+purchased for further experiments.
+
+
+
+~M~
+
+
+MARTINSYDE. Messrs. Martin & Handasyde, Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey.
+Output capacity: about 20 per annum.
+
+  ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+                                    |     ~1912.~     |     ~1913.~     |
+          Model and date.           | Mono. 2-seater. | Mono. 2-seater. |
+  ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+  ~Length~                feet. (m.)| 35-1/2  (10.75) | 35      (10.65) |
+  ~Span~                  feet. (m.)| 42-1/2  (12.95) | 42-3/4     (13) |
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)| 290        (27) | 285    (26-1/2) |
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)|       ...       | 1212      (550) |
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                 |                 |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|       ...       | 551       (250) |
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|  65 Antoinette  |   80 Laviator   |
+                {max    m.p.h. (km.)| 63        (102) | 78        (125) |
+  ~Speed~       {                   |                 |                 |
+                {min    m.p.h. (km.)|       ...       |       ...       |
+  Number built during 1912          |       ...       |       ...       |
+  ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+
+Notes.--Wood construction. Landing: wheels and one skid. _Controls_:
+warping wings and rear elevator. Triangular body. The two models are
+very nearly identical.
+
+[Illustration: MARTIN-HANDASYDE. UAS.]
+
+
+
+~P~
+
+
+PIGGOTT. Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd., 220, 222 & 224, Bishopsgate, London,
+E.C. This well-known firm of shed makers built a novel biplane in May,
+1910 (details _Flight_, May 21st, 1910), and in 1911 a monoplane with
+enclosed body (_Flight_, April 1st, 1911). In 1912, both were disposed
+of, and the firm is not proceeding with its experiments. It has,
+however, a staff of skilled mechanics and a great deal of floor space
+for the construction of aeroplanes to specifications.
+
+
+PLANES. Planes, Ltd., 6, Lord Street, Liverpool. Works: Duke Street &
+Cleveland Street, Birkenhead. Not building at present. In October, 1910,
+the firm produced a biplane, designed by W. P. Thompson, fitted with a
+special pendulum stabilising device. This was followed a year or so
+later by a monoplane.
+
+
+
+~R~
+
+
+RADLEY-ENGLAND. This is not an aeroplane firm, but a special hydro built
+by two well-known aviators for the _Daily Mail_ competition. ~Length,~
+22 feet. ~Span,~ 50 feet. 2 floats, 15 feet long by 1 foot 5 inches
+wide. Pilot in starboard float. ~Weight,~ with petrol for 12 hours,
+1,380 lbs. ~Motor,~ 150 h.p., made up of 3--50 h.p. Gnomes, but two
+Greens to be fitted for competition. One 4-bladed propeller in rear.
+~Speed,~ 60 m.p.h., with 100 h.p.
+
+
+
+~S~
+
+
+SANDERS. This firm appears to have ceased to exist.
+
+
+SHORT BROS. Works and flying grounds: Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent.
+London office: Queen's Circus, Battersea Park. Took up construction at a
+very early date. _Wright_ agents in 1909. Have built numerous biplanes
+and monoplanes to specifications. Produced their own first machine (see
+1911 edition) in 1910.
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------------+------------------
+                                    |          ~S 41. 1913. Hydro Biplane.~            |         ~S 45. 1913. Military Tractor~           |          ~S 38. 1913.~          |      ~S 34. Standard School.~       |    ~1911-12.~   |    ~1911-12.~
+                                    |                                                  |                   ~Biplane.~                     |   ~Military Nacelle Biplane.~   |                                     |    1-seater,    |     Tandem
+                                    +----------------+----------------+----------------|----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------------+------------------+      mono.      |     tractor
+                                    |     80 h.p.    |    100 h.p.    |    160 h.p.    |    70 h.p.     |     80 h.p.    |    160 h.p.    |    50 h.p.     |    80 h.p.     |      50 h.p.     |     70 h.p.      |                 |     biplane.
+                                    |    2-seater.   |   2-seater.    |   4-seater.    |   2-seater.    |    2-seater.   |   4-seater.    |   2-seater.    |   3-seater.    |     2-seater.    |    2-seater.     |                 |
+  ----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------|----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   35   (10.67) |   39   (11.90) |   45   (13.70) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 40     (13.70) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 35-1/2 (10.80) |  42      (12.85) |  42      (12.85) | 25       (7.60) | 35-1/2   (10.80)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   40   (13.70) |   50   (15.25) |   50   (15.25) | 42     (12.90) | 45     (13.70) | 50     (15.25) | 52     (15.85) | 52     (15.85) |  46-1/2  (14.20) |  46-1/2  (14.20) | 29-1/2      (9) | 42       (12.90)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  390      (36) |       ...      |       ...      |      ...       |      ...       |       ...      |       ...      |       ...      |         ...      |         ...      | 186        (17) |        ...
+                {Machine  lbs. (kg.)| 1200     (545) | 1700     (764) | 2000     (909) |1080      (490) | 1100     (500) | 1890     (860) | 950      (432) | 1050     (480) | 1100       (500) | 1150       (523) |       ...       | 850        (385)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                |                |                |                |                |                |                |                |                  |                  |                 |
+                {Useful   lbs. (kg.)|  771     (350) |       ...      |       ...      |      ...       |      ...       |       ...      |      ...       |       ...      |        ...       |        ...       |       ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|    80 Gnome    |    100 Gnome   |    160 Gnome   |   70 Gnome     |    80 Gnome    |    160 Gnome   |   50 Gnome     |    80 Gnome    |     50 Gnome     |     70 Gnome     |    50 Gnome.    |     70 Gnome.
+                {max        (m.p.h.)|   65     (105) |   60      (97) |   74     (120) | 60        (97) | 70       (113) | 74       (120) | 42        (68) | 58        (94) | 39          (63) | 48          (78) |       ...       | 58          (94)
+  ~Speed~       {                   |                |                |                |                |                |                |                |                |                  |                  |                 |
+                {min        (m.p.h.)|   50      (80) |   50      (80) |   56      (90) | 50        (80) | 50        (80) | 56        (90) | 35        (57) | 39        (63) | 34          (55) | 38          (61) |       ...       |        ...
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|       4        |        5       |        6       |       5        |        5       |        6       |       4        |        5       |        4         |        5         |        5        |         5
+  Number built during 1912          |      ...       |       ...      |       ...      |      ...       |       ...      |       ...      |      ...       |       ...      |       ...        |       ...        |       ...       |        ...
+                                    |                |                |                |                |                |                |                |                |                  |                  |                 |
+  ----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+---------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+------------------
+  Remarks.--Floats are two long pontoons. Subsidiary floats at tips of                 |Tandem seats, pilot in front.                     |Specially designed for           |Solely designed for                  |No longer built, but still
+  lower plane. Small tail float with water rudder. W.-t. compartments                  |Fittings for maps, etc.                           |reconnaissance. Tandem           |school work.                         |in existence.
+  to floats. Tandem seated, pilot in front. The observer's seat can                    |                                                  |seats, pilot in front. An        |Seats side by side.                  |
+  accommodate two if necessary.                                                        |                                                  |extra passenger can be           |                                     |
+                                                                                       |                                                  |accommodated.                    |                                     |
+  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------
+
+[Illustration: Old 1911-12 Tractor biplane.]
+
+[Illustration: Old 1911-12 mono.]
+
+[Illustration: Short. Hydro. "Short" Hydro-Aeroplane type s 41. 100 FP
+TRACTOR BI-PLANE UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Short. S. 45 type. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Short. S. 38 military. UAS.]
+
+
+SOPWITH. Sopwith Aviation Co. Works: Canbury Park Road,
+Kingston-on-Thames. School: at Brooklands. Established by T. O. M.
+Sopwith, the well known aviator at Brooklands, Autumn of 1911, where
+during 1912, a 70 h.p. tractor biplane and a 40 h.p. biplane was turned
+out.
+
+Floor area of the Kingston works in March, 1913, was 30,000 sq. feet
+with electric power plant. Works manager: F. Sigrist. General manager:
+R. O. Cary. Output capacity: at full pressure about 50 machines a year.
+
+  ----------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------
+                                    |       ~1913.~     |       ~1913.~     |       ~1913.~     |       ~1913.~
+           Model and Date.          |      Bat boat     |       Tractor     |       School      |      Armoured
+                                    |        hydro      |       biplane     |      biplane.     |      warplane.
+                                    |      biplane.     |      3-seater.    |                   |
+  ----------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   30-1/3   (9.20) |   29       (8.85) |   29       (8.85) |   29' 7-1/2"  (9)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   41      (12.50) |   40      (12.20) |   40      (12.20) |   50      (15.25)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  422         (39) |  365         (34) |  400         (37) |  552         (51)
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1700        (771) | 1750        (794) | 1200        (544) | 2000        (907)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                   |                   |                   |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  500        (227) |  750        (340) |  400        (181) |  800        (362)
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.| 90 Austro-Daimler |      80 Gnome     |      50 Gnome     | 90 Austro-Daimler
+                {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|    65       (105) |   74        (125) |   48         (78) |   65        (105)
+  ~Speed~       {                   |                   |                   |                   |
+                {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|    42        (68) |   40         (65) |   35         (60) |   38         (61)
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|        ...        |        ...        |        ...        |        ...
+  ----------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------
+
+Notes.--Wood construction. Carriage wheels and skids. _Control:_
+balanced ailerons.
+
+[Illustration: Sopwith. Flying boat.]
+
+[Illustration: 1913. Tractor biplane.]
+
+
+
+~V~
+
+
+VICKERS. Vickers, Ltd., Vickers House, Broadway, Westminster. School:
+Brooklands. Seven pupils qualified during 1912.
+
+  -----------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
+                                     |    Monoplane.   |     Military     |
+            Model and date.          |    ~1912-13.~   |     biplane.     |
+                                     |     2-seater.   |      ~1913.~     |
+  -----------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|  25      (7.60) |        ...       |
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|  34-1/2 (10.50) |  40      (12.20) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  220       (20) | 385        (35)  |
+                {total,   lbs. (kgs.)| 730       (331) |        ...       |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                 |                  |
+                {useful,  lbs. (kgs.)|       ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|    80 Gnome     |   80 Wolseley    |
+  ~Speed~                m.p.h. (km.)|  70       (115) |        ...       |
+  ~Endurance~                    hrs.|        3        |        ...       |
+  Number built during 1912           |       ...       |        ...       |
+  -----------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--Steel construction. Landing shock absorbing: 2 wheels and 1
+skid. Rectangular enclosed body. _Controls_: warping and rear elevator.
+
+~Monoplane~ climbs 300 feet a minute fully loaded.
+
+~Biplane~ is armed with a Vickers R.C. automatic gun in the bow.
+
+[Illustration: VICKERS. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Vickers. Monoplane.]
+
+  +------------------------------+
+  |                              |
+  |                              |
+  |                              |
+  +------------------------------+
+  Vickers. Armed biplane.
+
+
+~W~
+
+
+WHITE. J. Samuel White & Co., Ltd., shipbuilders and engineers, East
+Cowes, Isle of Wight. London office: 28, Victoria Street, S.W. This
+well-known firm of torpedo craft builders, etc., formally opened an
+aviation department on 1st January, 1913, with Howard T. Wright as
+general manager and designer.
+
+  ----------------------------------+----------------+
+                                    |     ~1913.~    |
+                                    |  Navy 'plane.  |
+  ----------------------------------+----------------+
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   30    (9.15) |
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   44   (13.40) |
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  500  (46-1/2) |
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 2000     (907) |
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  650     (295) |
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|    160 Gnome   |
+                {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   70     (115) |
+  ~Speed~       {                   |                |
+                {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|   35      (57) |
+  Number built                      |      ...       |
+  ----------------------------------+----------------+
+
+Remarks.--Hydro-biplane, with Howard T. Wright patent aeroplanes to give
+wide range of speed. Two patent hydro floats, 21 feet (m.) long, three
+steps on each.
+
+[Illustration: UAS.]
+
+
+
+
+BRITISH DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+                                                          ~Navy.~                                                 ~Army.~
+                                   /-------------------------^----------------------------------\ /------------------^--------------------\
+  --------------------------------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------
+                                  |                |                     |                       |                   |   ~III, & IV & V~
+          Name and date.          | ~II Willows 3.~|~III Astra Torres 2.~|   ~IV Parseval 18.~   |    ~II BETA.~     |   ~GAMMA, DELTA,~
+                                  |    ~1911.~     |       ~1913.~       |        ~1913.~        |  ~1909 (1910.)~   |     ~EPSILON.~
+                                  |                |                     |                       |                   | ~1910, 1912, 1913.~
+  --------------------------------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------
+  ~Volume~           c. feet (m³.)| 31,800   (900) |  222,500   (6,500)  |  311,000     (8,800)  | 21,000     (594)  |  70,600      (2,000)
+  ~Length~               feet (m.)|    120 (36.50) |         ...         |      276        (84)  |    104   (31.70)  |     152         (46)
+  ~Diameter~             feet (m.)|     40 (12.20) |         ...         |   49-1/4        (15)  |     25    (7.60)  |      30       (9.10)
+            {fabric               |     Spencer    |     Continental     |         Metzler       |  Gold beater skin |      Continental
+  ~Gasbags~ {compartments         |      _nil_     |          3          |          _nil_        |       _nil_       |         _nil_
+            {ballonets            |        1       |          1          |            2          |         1         |           2
+                     {total   tons|    about 1/2   |       about 7       |        about 10       |   _about_ 3/4     |         2-1/5
+  ~Lift~             {            |                |                     |                       |                   |
+                     {useful, tons|       ...      |         ...         |          ...          |        ...        |          ...
+  ~Motors~                    h.p.|    30 (=30)    | 2--120 Chenu (=240) | 2--180 Maybach (=360) | 1--30 Green (=30) |   2--50 Green (=100)
+               {number            |   2 (swivel)   |          2          |    2 (s.r.) steel     |         1         |      2 (swivel)
+  ~Propellers~ {blades            |        2       |          2          |           4           |         2         |           2
+               {diameter feet (m.)|       ...      |         ...         |          ...          |       6   (1.82)  |         8-5/6
+  ~Speed~        max. m.p.h. (km.)|       ...      |     38        (63)  |       42        (68)  |      18     (29)  |      28         (45)
+  ~Endurance~           full speed|       ...      |         ...         |          ...          |        ...        |        4 hours
+  ~Max. complement~               |        2       |        15-18        |         10-12         |         3         |           5
+  ~Station~                       |   Farnborough  |         ...         |          ...          |    Farnborough    |      Farnborough
+  --------------------------------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------
+
+Notes.--All the above are non-rigid. The military ones were all built at
+the Royal Aircraft Factory.
+
+
+~Navy Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Boothby, Lieut. F. L. M. (_F.C._)
+  Everett, Gunner F.
+  Masterman, Comdr. E. A. D. (in command)
+  Usborne, Lieut. N. F. (squad comdr.)
+  Woodcock, Lieut. H. (_F.C._)
+
+Undergoing Naval Aircraft Course:
+
+  Crocker, Lieut. W. R.
+  Hicks, Lieut. W. C.
+  Wilson, Lieut. R. A.
+
+
+~Military Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+~Squadron Commanders.~
+
+  Maitland, Capt. E. M.
+
+
+~Flight Commanders.~
+
+  Waterlow, Lieut. C. M.
+
+
+~Flying Officers.~
+
+  Brabazon, Capt. Honble. C. M. P.
+  Fletcher, Lieut. J. N. (R.E.)
+  Hetherington, Lieut. T. G.
+  Mackworth, Lieut. J. D.
+  Pigot, Capt. R.
+
+The following hold dirigible pilot certificates, but are not at present
+employed:--
+
+  Broke Smith, Capt. P.
+  Capper, Col. J. E.
+  Fox, Lieut. A. G.
+
+
+~Private Dirigibles.~
+
+There are one _Willows_ (1912) (sister to the naval one) and a couple of
+_Spencers_ about the size of _Beta_.
+
+
+~Private Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+Willows, E. T. (24-32, Villa Rd. Handsworth, Birmingham).
+
+
+~BRITISH NAVAL DIRIGIBLES.~
+
+[Illustration: Willows. The naval one is fitted with a boat-shaped car.]
+
+[Illustration: Parseval. (photo of a sister ship.)]
+
+  +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                                                                   |
+  |                      ~New Construction.~                          |
+  |                                                                   |
+  | Messrs. Vickers have acquired the Parseval rights for the British |
+  | Empire, and several airships of this type are likely to be put in |
+  |                   hand by them shortly.                           |
+  |                                                                   |
+  |        Also reported that a big rigid is projected.               |
+  |                                                                   |
+  +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+~BRITISH MILITARY DIRIGIBLES.~
+
+[Illustration: Beta.]
+
+[Illustration: BETA.]
+
+[Illustration: Gamma (Delta the same, but a smaller and enclosed car).]
+
+[Illustration: GAMMA.]
+
+
+
+
+BRITISH COLONIAL AIRCRAFT.
+
+
+~AUSTRALIAN.~
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+In January, 1913, the Australian Flying Corps was instituted, as a part
+of the citizen forces. During 1913, about £5,600 is to be spent.
+
+The force is to consist ultimately of 4 officers, 7 warrant officers and
+sergeants, 32 mechanics.
+
+The school is at Duntroon. Course includes--mechanics of the aeroplane,
+aerial motors, meteorology, aerial navigation by compass, aerial
+photography, signalling, etc. Mr. Harrison is in command with Lieut. H.
+Petre as assistant.
+
+
+
+~Australian Aviators.~
+
+  Banks, R. C.
+  Busteed, H.
+  Duigan, J. R.
+  Hammond, J. J.
+  Harrison
+ +Hart
+ +Lindsay, C.
+  Petre, H.
+  Pickles
+  Watts
+
+ +=killed.
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+J. R. Duigan has built an aeroplane of his own design.
+
+
+
+~NEW ZEALAND.~
+
+Nothing doing worth mention. One _Bleriot,_ 80 h.p., presented 1913 by
+the _Standard,_ London.
+
+
+
+~CANADIAN.~
+
+
+~Aerial Societies.~
+
+     Aeronautical Society of Canada, c/o. M. P. Logan, 99 Gloucester
+     Street, Toronto
+
+     McGill Aviation Club, McGill University, Montreal
+
+     Oshawa, Ontario Ae. C.
+
+Note.--Owing to the fact that the late Aerial Experiment Association was
+half Canadian and half U.S.A., it is difficult to draw a very clear
+dividing line between Canadian and U.S. aviators or machines. Thus, one
+given here is partly U.S.A., while at least one U.S. machine may be
+claimed as "partially Canadian."
+
+
+~AVIATORS.--Private.~
+
+  Bell, Dr. Graham
+  McCurdy, J. A. D.
+    (U.S.A. Ae. C. 18)
+  McHardy
+  Symonds, E. F.
+  St. Henry R.
+
+
+~Canadian Aeroplanes.~
+
+
+GRAHAM-BELL II. Flights were made by Dr. Graham-Bell in a tetrahedal
+type, similar to one described in the 1911 edition.
+
+
+McCURDY-WILLARD. Biplane.
+
+~Maximum length,~ 26-1/4 feet (8 m.) ~maximum breadth,~ 31-1/3 feet
+(9.50 m.) ~supporting surface,~ ? sq. feet (? m².)
+
+~Total weight.~--
+
+~Body.~--Central skid in combination with 4 wheels. Triangular body,
+base of triangle on top. Fuselage entirely enclosed.
+
+~Planes.~--Maximum span, 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) Chord, 3-1/2 feet (1 m.)
+Gap, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Ailerons at trailing edge of wing tips, 6 feet x 2
+feet (1.80×0.60 m.)
+
+~Motor.~--
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+~Tractor.~--Diameter, 7-3/4 feet (2.40 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.)
+
+~Steering.~--Double elevator placed in rear of tail. _Control_, push and
+pull wheel. Rudder in rear. _Control_, wheel. Ailerons. _Control_,
+turning steering-wheel left or right.
+
+Remarks.--See _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., August, 1911.
+
+There has been also the _Baddeck_ and other early machines (see 1911
+edition), but none of them seem to be in existence at the present time.
+
+
+~INDIAN.~
+
+~Military Aviation.~--A certain number of officers belonging to the
+Indian Army have qualified as pilots when home on leave, but there is no
+organised force. One is, however, proposed.
+
+
+~Private Aviation.~--In the past two or three home-made machines
+appeared, and one or two were imported, but most or all are now extinct.
+
+
+~SOUTH AFRICA.~
+
+~Military Aviation.~--Non-existent.
+
+
+~Private Aviation.~--J. Weston is a qualified pilot, but at the outside
+there are not more than two effective machines in the country.
+
+
+
+
+BULGARIAN.
+
+
+In the Balkan War, 1912-13, Bulgaria hastily organised an aviation
+corps. This, though necessarily lacking in military organisation, proved
+very useful on several occasions.
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the aeroplanes effective included 6 _Bristol_
+monos.; one 70 h.p. _Bleriot XXI_; 2 _Bleriot XI bis_ (captured from the
+Turks); also some half-dozen or more miscellaneous machines temporarily
+hired.
+
+~Military Aviators.~--The principal are Lieuts. Milkoff, Taraxchieff and
+Petroff.
+
+A number of other officers in various stages of training.
+
+
+
+
+CENTRAL AMERICAN.
+
+
+~General Note.~--Nicaragua and S. Domingo have both purchased one or two
+aeroplanes for their military forces: but nothing appears to have been
+done with them.
+
+
+
+
+CHILIAN.
+
+
+~Aviator.~--Edwards, Emilio. Sanchez Besa is a Chilian, but resides in
+Paris (see France).
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~--In 1912, a commencement was made and one 80 h.p.
+_Deperdussin_ purchased. Other machines are now on order.
+
+
+
+
+CHINESE.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+  Lee, Y. L. (British Ae.C. 148)
+  Tsai Tao Prince
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+In March, 1913, orders were placed for six 80 h.p. _Caudrons_, also for
+six 50 h.p., and a decision arrived at gradually to acquire a force of
+700 aeroplanes, but very little has actually been done to date.
+
+
+
+
+DANISH.
+
+
+~Aerial Societies~:--
+
+  Danske Aeronautiske Selskab, 34 Amaliegade, Copenhagen.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals~:--
+
+  None; but Motor (3 Bredgade, Mezz, Copenhagen) deals with aerial matters.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds~:--
+
+  Klampenburg, Copenhagen.
+
+  Skandinarisk Aërodrom.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+In 1911 there was an Antoinette. Nothing done since.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+
+Military.
+
+  Ullitkz, Kapt.
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Arntzen, Dr.
+  Christiansen, S.
+  Ellerhammer
+  Folmes, Hansen
+  Maltke, Count
+  Nervoe, A.
+  Svendsen, R.
+  Thorup, K.
+
+
+
+
+DUTCH.
+
+(Revised by I. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian of the Dutch
+Ae. C.)
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:--~
+
+     Haagsche Proefvliegtuig Club (3e V.d. Boschstreet 20, The Hague).
+
+     Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart (Nassau Zuilensteintraat,
+     10, The Hague). (Ae. C.)
+
+     Rotterdamsche Model Aero Club (Rochussenstreet 229b, Rotterdam).
+
+_Colonial:_
+
+     Nederlandsche Indische Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:--~
+
+     _De Luchtvaart_ (Ged Onde-Gracht, 141, Haarlem). Fortnightly.
+
+     _Avia_, Wynbrugstraat 13, Rotterdam. Fortnightly.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:--~
+
+     ~Breda-Gilske-Rijen.~--6 hangars.
+
+     ~Soesterberg.~--20 hangars.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+Up to the end of 1911 there were none, though some officers had their
+own private ones (_H. Farman's_ mostly).
+
+At end of 1912.
+
+  2 monos. _Deperdussin_ (for Java).
+  1 biplane. _De Brouchére_ (for Java).
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated the Ae. C.
+Nederlandsche pilot certificate number.)
+
+To end of ~1911~.
+
+
+Military.
+
+  Bakker, H. Yandrig
+  Labouchere, Lieut. J.
+  Meel, Lieut. Van
+  Poorton, Lieut. H. ter
+  Versreegh, Lt, W. C. J.
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Bahle, F. K.
+  Boerlage, M.
+  Burgh, Van der
+  Fokker, A. H. G.
+  Hilgers, J. W. E. L.
+  Konings, L.
+  Koolhoven (1)
+  Küller, G. P. (2)
+  Lutge, F. (4) (323, F.)
+  Mulder, A.
+  Riemsdyk, Van F. (5)
+  Ryk, Madame Bde.
+  Wynmalen, H. (6) (208, F.)
+
+The following Dutch aviator has been killed:
+
+  +------------------+
+  |       1911.      |
+  | Van Maasdyck, C. |
+  | (130, Ae. C. F.) |
+  +------------------+
+
+
+
+
+DUTCH AEROPLANES.
+
+
+DE BROUCKERE. Biplane. _H. Farman_ type. Details, _De Luchtvaart_, No.
+8, 1911.
+
+
+FOKKER. Monoplane. Anthony Fokker, of Haarlem. In early 1912 flew at
+Breda.
+
+
+MONNIER-HARPER. Monoplane. (O.P.I.I.) Generally _Bleriot_ type. Built
+1911.
+
+
+VAN DEN BURG. Monoplane. Early in 1912 was flying at Johannisthal,
+Germany.
+
+
+VREEDENBURGH. Monoplane. (O.P.I.I.) Blend of _Bleriot_ and _Antoinette_.
+Motor, 75 h.p. Miesse. Completed December, 1909.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FOKKER. Monoplane. (See Germany for details.) Firm now established in
+Germany.
+
+
+
+
+DUTCH DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+~Military.~
+
+DUINDIGT. Non-rigid.
+
+(Zodiac make.)
+
+~Length~, 111-1/2 feet (34 m.) ~diameter~, 22-1/2 feet (60.80 m.)
+~capacity~, 31,785 c. feet (900 m³.)
+
+~Motor~.--18 h.p.
+
+Remarks.--Small edition of _Zodiac III_. (See France.)
+
+
+
+
+FRENCH.
+
+(Special French Editor.)
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:--~
+
+     Aero Club de France.
+
+     Academie Aeronautique de France.
+
+     Aeronautique Club de France.
+
+     Société des Aëronautes du Siège.
+
+     Aero Club du Sud Ouest.
+
+     Aero Club du Rhone.
+
+     Aero Club du Nord.
+
+     La Ligue Aerienne du Sud.
+
+     Société Francaise de Navigation Aérienne.
+
+     Société d'encouragement à l'Aviation.
+
+     (_Full list of clubs next page._)
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:--~
+
+     _L'Aerophile._
+
+     _L'Aero._
+
+     _L'Aeronaute._
+
+     _Aerostat (Bulletin Aeronautique)._
+
+     _Aerostat (Academie d'Aerostation)._
+
+     _Revue de l'Aerostation._
+
+     _Le Ballon._
+
+     _L'Aerostation._
+
+     _L'Aeronautique._
+
+     _Bulletin Aeronautique._
+
+     _Encyclopediede l'Aviation._
+
+     _La Ligue Nationale Aerienne._
+
+     _Revue de l'Aviation._
+
+     _L'Aeromécanique._
+
+
+~Principal Flying Grounds:~
+
+     ~Antibes.~--Hanriot school.
+
+     ~Beauce.~
+
+     ~Betheny.~--Sommer school. ~Deperdussin School.~
+
+     ~Buc.~--M. Farman school.
+
+     ~Buoy.~
+
+     ~Chalons.~--Sommer school.
+
+     ~Chalais-Mendon.~ (Military)
+
+     ~Chatres.~--Savary school.
+
+     ~Cran~, Marseilles.
+
+     ~Crotoy.~--Caudron school.
+
+     ~Croix d'Hins~, Bordeaux (Aer. Lig. du Sud.) Area 6 km. Track. Free
+     sheds.
+
+     ~Corbeaulieu~ pres. Compregne.--Doutre school.
+
+     ~Etampes.~--Bleriot school. Farman school.
+
+     ~Grand Camp, Lyons.~
+
+     ~Issy les Moulineaux.~--Astra school
+
+     ~Juan-le-Pias.~--Paulhan aquaplane school.
+
+     ~Juvissy~, near Paris.--Aerodrome. Caudron school. Goupy school.
+
+     ~La Brayelle~, Douai.--Breguet school.
+
+     ~Da motte Brueil dans L'Oise.~
+
+     ~Le Bourget~, Paris.--100 sheds.
+
+     ~Le Mans.~
+
+     ~Moisson.~
+
+     ~Mourmelon.~--Voisin school.
+
+     ~Napante.~
+
+     ~Nice.~--Small and rough surface.
+
+     ~Pau.~--Bleriot school.
+
+     ~Reims.~--Aerodrome.
+
+     ~St. Cyr.~
+
+     ~Villacoublay~, Paris.--Breguet, Nieuport and Astra schools.
+
+
+
+
+FRENCH AEROPLANES.
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+In February, 1912, the then total of 208 effective aeroplanes were
+divided into "squadrillas" consisting of eight aeroplanes; attached to
+these eleven or twelve motor cars, one traction car and one fast car,
+also a repairing car and repairing van.
+
+It was then estimated that at the end of 1912, ~344~ aeroplanes would be
+available for service.
+
+The estimated _personnel_ was provisionally fixed at 234 officer pilots,
+210 scouts, 42 mechanics, 110 officers, 1,600 corporals or sappers and
+550 privates.
+
+Approximately £880,000 was spent in aviation during 1912, and £1,000,000
+was estimated for future years.
+
+The French military aviation centres are all upon somewhat the same
+footing as fortresses, and the greater part of the work comes under the
+head of "confidential." The principal school is at St. Cyr, which was
+specially selected because the ground is rough and mostly covered with
+small shrubs: it being held important to train officers from the first
+to rise and land on ground similar to that most likely to be found in
+war time. Each station is supplied with large portable wooden-framed
+hangars covered with canvas. These can be rapidly taken to pieces and
+re-erected. Each station is supplied with its own special motor
+transport.
+
+All military machines are provided with a compass and map case in front
+of the pilot and sketching apparatus in front of the observer.
+
+Although a few non-commissioned officers have been taught flying, the
+organization only contemplates the employment of commissioned officers
+as pilots. The age limit is 38.
+
+On April 16th, 1913, the flying corps was modified. The principal
+features of the corps as now existing are as follows:--
+
+
+~Establishments.~
+
+1. Schools.
+
+2. Special establishments, dealing with purchase, construction, and big
+repairs.
+
+3. _Directions._ Administration of _material_.
+
+4. Depots. A species of dockyards dealing with minor repairs, etc.
+
+
+~Administration.~
+
+There are three main groups, each commanded by a colonel. Each group
+consists of dirigibles and aeroplane "escadrilles," and is fully
+equipped with establishments, etc. The three centres are:--
+
+1. Versailles.
+
+2. Reims.
+
+3. Lyon.
+
+
+~General.~
+
+All squadron units are made up of machines of the same make and power.
+Pilots are detailed as required to any particular unit, and liable to
+transfer from one to another, though in practice such transfers are
+rare.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+During 1912 nearly 500 machines were delivered to the Army, but a great
+many old machines have been scrapped. At the end of March, 1913, the
+force stood at 421 effective for war machines, plus an uncertain number
+of school machines and obsoletes.
+
+About one-third or more of the effective aeroplanes were _Farmans_. The
+rest consisted of all leading French types, proportionated more or less
+to the productive capacity of these firms. Also certain other makes
+experimental.
+
+
+~Navy Aviation.~
+
+The Navy section of French military aviation is still in the "being
+formed" process. No data are yet available as to the ultimate force to
+be provided. At present the number of effective war machines is small.
+It is made up of hydro-avions of the following types:--_Astra_, _Borel_,
+_Breguet_, _Caudron_, _Deperdussin_, _Donnet-Leveque_, _Farman_,
+_Paulhan-Curtiss_, _Sanchez-Besa_, the total at end of March, 1913,
+being well under 20. There are also two special _Bleriot_ type fitted
+with floats, which carry 330 lbs of explosive, are fitted with wireless,
+have a speed of 140 km.p.h. (85 m.p.h.), and a radius of about 600 miles
+(1,000 km.)
+
+
+~PRINCIPAL FRENCH ARMY AND NAVY AVIATORS.~
+
+(In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated,
+the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.)
+
+
+Army.
+
+  Abadie, Sous Officier
+  Acevedo, Lieut. (740)
+  Acquaviva, Lieut. Paul V. (68)
+  Aiguillon, Lt. R.d' (308)
+  Aubry, Lieut.
+  Balensi, Capt. Albert (173)
+  Bares, Capt. (543)
+  Basset, Lieut. Paul (145)
+  Battini, Lieut. G. (508)
+  Baugnies, Lt. J. B. E. (193)
+  Beatrix, Sous Officier
+  Bellemois, Lieut. G. (546)
+  Bellenger, Capt. M. (45)
+  Berni, Lieut. (760)
+  Biard, Capt. G. M. (261)
+  Bihan, Lieut.
+  Binda, Lieut. Louis (232)
+  Blard, Lieut. (460)
+  Bobillier, Lieut.
+  Boerner, Lieut.
+  Boissonas, Lieut. (443)
+  Bon, Lieut.
+  Boncour, Lieut. (478)
+  Bonnier, Lieut. (478)
+  Bonnier, General (137)
+  Boucher, Lieut.
+  Bousnuet, Lieut. P. (295)
+  Breley, Lieut.
+  Brenot, Capt.
+  Brouchard, Lieut.
+  Brugiere, Lt.
+  Brule, Lieut. (436)
+  Bruncher, Lieut.
+  Burgeat, Capt. M. (44)
+  Camerman, Lieut. F. (33)
+  Camine, Capt.
+  Campagne, Lieut. (782)
+  Casse, Capt. (415)
+  Chabert, Lieut.
+  Charoux, Sous Officier
+  Chavenac, Lieut. E. (551)
+  Cheutin, Lt. E. J. (233)
+  Chevreau, Lieut. R. (132)
+  Clavenad, Lieut. P. (294)
+  Clerc, Lieut. (465)
+  Clolus, Commdt. G. (97)
+  Couret, Lieut.
+  Coville, Capt.
+  D'Abrantes, Lieut.
+  D'Aquillon, Lieut.
+  De Beruis, Lieut.
+  De Caumont, Capt.
+  De Chanac Lanzac, Capt.
+  De Geyer, Lieut.
+  De Gorge, Lieut. (805)
+  De Goys, Capt.
+  De Lafargue (417)
+  De L'Estrade, Lieut.
+  De Rose, Lieut. P. (477)
+  Destace, Capt.
+  Destouches, Capt.
+  Devarenne, Lieut.
+  Devaulx, Lieut. R. (158)
+  De Ville d'Avray, Lieut.
+  Didier, Sous Officier (765)
+  Do-Ird, Lieut.
+  Drevet, Sous Officier (753)
+  Duparquet, Capt.
+  Duperron, Capt. (196)
+  Dupin, Lieut.
+  Eteve, Capt. A. (89)
+  Erstorac, Capt.
+  Felix, Capt. J. (270)
+  Fequant, Lieut. A. (63)
+  Fequant, Lieut. P. (340)
+  Fierstein, Sous Officier
+  Francezon, E. (410)
+  Foirelline, Lieut.
+  Garnier, Lieut. (305)
+  Garnier, Lt. (826)
+  Gastringer, Lieut.
+  Gaubert, Lieut. E. (313)
+  Germain, Lieut.
+  Girard, Lieut. J. (197)
+  Gironde, Lt. A. de
+  Godefroy, Sous Officier (583)
+  Gouin, Lt. M. E. R. (348)
+  Gourlez, Lieut. (521)
+  Grezaud, S.-Lt. P. (265)
+  Grailly, Lieut. (399)
+  Gronier, Lieut. J. (138)
+  Grandjean, Sapper
+  Guibart, Lieut.
+  Guiton, Sous Officier
+  Hable, Sous-Lt. A. L. (257)
+  Hugoni, Capt. E. (165)
+  Hanouille, Lieut.
+  Henequin, Lieut.
+  Henri, Lieut. (497)
+  Herli, S.-Lt. (257)
+  Hurard, Sous Officier
+  Issartier (531)
+  Jacquet, Lieut.
+  Joly, Lieut. F. (341)
+  Jost, Lieut. R. G. (264)
+  Kass, Capt.
+  Langardt, Lieut.
+  Laurent, Sous Officier (246)
+  Le Beau, Capt.
+  Le Bleu, Lieut.
+  Lelievre, Lieut. E. (522)
+  Lemasson, Lieut. (506)
+  Le Mauget, Capt.
+  Letheux, Lieut. G. (142)
+  Letort, Sapper (170)
+  Letourneur, Lieut.
+  Lucca, Lieut. D. (154)
+  Ludmann, Lieut. G. (255)
+  Lussigny, Lieut.
+  Machin, Lieut.
+  Mailfert, Lieut. F. (146)
+  Maillois, Lieut. J. (131)
+  Malherbe, Lt. de (334)
+  Maneyrol, Lieut.
+  Manoha, Lt.
+  Marc, Lt.
+  Marconnet, Capt. (90)
+  Marie, Capt. Felix (80)
+  Marlin, Lieut.
+  Marmies, Lieut.
+  Marty, Sous Officier (816)
+  Massol, Lieut.
+  Mauger, Lieut.
+  Maurice, Lieut.
+  Mazac, Lieut. (592)
+  Migaud, Lieut. G. (501)
+  Morel, Sous-Lt. P. (262)
+  Morlaye, Lieut. la
+  Mouchard, Lieut.
+  Negre, Capt.
+  Nicaud, Lieut.
+  Nogues, Capt. (114)
+  Normand, Lieut. F. (314)
+  Pelloux, Sous-Lt. M. (346)
+  Peraldi, Lieut.
+  Peretti, Sous Officier
+  Pierre, Lieut.
+  Ponchet, Lieut.
+  Prat, Lieut.
+  Precardin, Lieut.
+  Princetau, Lieut.
+  Postulat, Sergt.
+  Quennehen, Sous Officier
+  Ragot, Lieut.
+  Remy, Lieut. H. C. (143)
+  Reynard, Lieut. (668)
+  Rimbert, Lieut.
+  Rocca-Serra, Lieut.
+  Rochette, Lieut. J. (564)
+  Rolland, Lieut. M. E. (545)
+  Ronin, Lieut.
+  Rougerie, Lieut.
+  Sauleillon, Lt. A. (674)
+  Saunier, Lieut. G. (153)
+  Seguin, Sapper (528)
+  Sevelle, Lieut. (747)
+  Silvestre, Lieut. (599)
+  Sido, Capt. Marie (65)
+  Sourdeau, Lieut. A. (474)
+  Soulielani, Lieut.
+  Thomas, Lieut. (846)
+  Thomas, R. (116)
+  Touzet, E. (485)
+  Tretane, Lieut.
+  Tricornot de Rose, Lt. de (330)
+  Vandamone, Lieut. (535)
+  Van de Vaero, Lt. (491)
+  Vandine, Lieut.
+  Varcin, Lieut.
+  Vaudein, Lieut.
+  Verdier, Sous Officier (538)
+  Vibra, Lieut.
+  Vigne, Lt. Henri (315)
+  Vinda, Lieut.
+  Vitra-Rougerie, Lieut.
+  Vocayeau, Lieut.
+  Vogoya, Capt.
+  Vuilliereme, Lt. L. (174)
+  Watteau, Lieut.
+  Willemenz, Lieut. (759)
+  Yence, Lieut. R, (220)
+
+
+Naval.
+
+  Byasson, Lt. de V. (175)
+  Cayla, Lieut. (458)
+  Conneau, Lieut. (322) "Beaumont"
+  Davelny, Comdt.
+  Delage, Lieut. G. (219)
+  Fournier, Lieut.
+  Hautefille, Lieut. (247)
+  Lafon, Lt. (194)
+  Leve, Lieut. (243)
+  Parasa, Lieut. (179)
+  Reymond, Lieut. (206)
+
+
+~FRENCH AEROPLANES--PRIVATE.~
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+The total number of machines built in France during 1912 has been
+estimated at about 1,500. This includes military as well as private
+machines, also machines exported, and appears to be unduly generous even
+so. The actual total of machines commenced and completed in 1912 is
+nearer 1,000.
+
+The number of private aeroplanes--excluding demonstration and school
+machines is small.
+
+
+~PRIVATE AVIATORS~ (brevets to end of 1911).
+
+(In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated,
+the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.)
+
+  Algrin, Rene (252)
+  Allard, M. (480)
+  Alincourt (488)
+  Andre, C. (192)
+  Aubrun (21)
+  Bachot, A. (271)
+  Baeder, F. de (107)
+  Bague, E. (337)
+  Balliod, Louis (236)
+  Balaye, A. (275)
+  Balsan, Jacques (22)
+  Baratoux, Marcel (49)
+  Barbotte, Ernest (268)
+  Barra, Franck (171)
+  Barrier, A. (64)
+  Banier, Rene (64)
+  Bathiat, Georges (237)
+  Bathiat, Leon (110)
+  Beard, Pierre (276)
+  Beaud, Edouard (150)
+  Becue, Jean F. (263)
+  Bellier, Albert (297)
+  Bellot, Andre (317)
+  Benoist, Jean (369)
+  Bergognie, Charles (373)
+  Bernard, A. (505)
+  Berlot, Henri J. (450)
+  Biard, Desire J. (460)
+  Bielovucic, Jean (87)
+  Bill, Henri (205)
+  Blanchet, Georges (244)
+  Bleriot, Louis (1)
+  Blondeau, Gustave (101)
+  Bobba, Andre (309)
+  Boillot, Geo. (395)
+  Boissounas, L. (443)
+  Boise de Courcenay, Comte (283)
+  Boivin, Albert (248)
+  Bonzon, Maurice (355)
+  Bouvier, Andre (120)
+  Boyer, Louis (303)
+  Bregi, Henry (26)
+  Breguet, Louis (52)
+  Bresson, Georges (280)
+  Briancon, Lucien (277)
+  Briey, F. de (492)
+  Brindejonc des Moulinais (449)
+  Bruneau de Laborie, E. (67)
+  Bunau-Varilla, E. (16)
+  Busson, Guillaume (121)
+  Caille, Albert (200)
+  Caramanlaki, A. (761)
+  Carles, Fernand (362)
+  Carlin, L. V. (554)
+  Caudron, Rene (180)
+  Cayla, P. (458)
+  Chailliey, Henri (63)
+  Challe, M. J. (523)
+  Champel, Florentin (94)
+  Chanteloup, P. (549)
+  Chapelle, J. (547)
+  Charpentier, Louis (286)
+  Chassagne, Jean (160)
+  Chausse, P. (519)
+  Chaussier, Piere (384)
+  Chatain, Marius L. (267)
+  Chatain, L. M. L. (296)
+  Chateau, Edouard (135)
+  Chaunac-Lenzac de (394)
+  Chemet, Geo. (159)
+  Cheuret, Leon (62)
+  Cherent, L. (62)
+  Chevalier, J. (515)
+  Chevalier, Louis (333)
+  Chevillard, Maurice (385)
+  Chioni, Basile (250)
+  Clerc, Paul A. L. (465)
+  Clement, M. (108)
+  Collardeau, Geo. (393)
+  Collieux, M. (85)
+  Collin, Georges (279)
+  Conard (647)
+  Contard, Paul (351)
+  Contenet, Henri (447)
+  Contour, Ernest (371)
+  Contre (657)
+  Cordonnier, Robert (221)
+  Corso, E. (529)
+  Crochon, Andre (43)
+  Cronier, Andre M. H. (352)
+  Cugnet, Gaston (140)
+  Cure, Gaston M. (242)
+  Daillens, Jean (119)
+  Dancourt, P. H. (520)
+  Debener, M. (562)
+  Deletang, Fernand (42)
+  Delacroix, Maurice (452)
+  Delagrange, Robert (366)
+  De La Roche, Mde. (36)
+  Deloche, R. D. (526)
+  Denis, Auguste (380)
+  Deroy, Francis (374)
+  Derry, Leon (254)
+  Deruissy, Andre (376)
+  Despres, E. M. L. (527)
+  Deschamps de Bois, Hébert (461)
+  Didier, A. (77)
+  Divetain, Pierre (466)
+  Driancourt, M. L. (525)
+  Dubonnet, Emile (47)
+  Ducoweneau (456)
+  Dufour, Jean M. R. (457)
+  Dufour, Jean (96)
+  Dufour, Louis (185)
+  Duval, E. (118)
+  Duval, Emile (118)
+  Echeman, P. M. (466)
+  Esnault-Pelterie, R. (4)
+  Espanet, Dr. G. (532)
+  Farman, Henry (5)
+  Farman, Maurice (6)
+  Fiorellimo, Louis (369)
+  Florencie, Jean (201)
+  Fournie, J. P. S. (502)
+  Frantz, Joseph (363)
+  Francq, Baron de (481)
+  Frey, Alfred (48)
+  Frey, Andre (93)
+  Froussart, Ernest (350)
+  Frugier, Leon (378)
+  Gaget, Joseph (335)
+  Gaillard, J. O. C. (504)
+  Gallie, Fernand (343)
+  Gardey, M. (482)
+  Garros, Roland (147)
+  Garsonnin, L. (555)
+  Gastinger, Edouard M. (455)
+  Gassnier, René (39)
+  Gassier, Marcel (392)
+  Gasnier, Pierre (391)
+  Gaudart, Louis (228)
+  Gaulard, Charles (302)
+  Gautheron, Louis (449)
+  Gaye, Georges (251)
+  Gibert, Louis (92)
+  Gilbert, Eugene (240)
+  Giraud, Etienne (493)
+  Glorieux, Leon (188)
+  Gobe, Armand (102)
+  Gobron, Jean (7)
+  Goffin, Marcel (284)
+  Gouguenheim, P. (388)
+  Goux, Jules (398)
+  Gournay, Henri (186)
+  Goys de Mereyrac, Louis (354)
+  Grandjean, E. C. H. (469)
+  Grandseigne, R. (360)
+  Granel, Marcel (117)
+  Grellet, Alexis (370)
+  Gressard, M. (725)
+  Gue, Albert (216)
+  Guerre, Henri (444)
+  Guidard, V. P. (487)
+  Guilband, C. J. (518)
+  Guillemard, T. (445)
+  Guillaume, C. (651)
+  Hainaux, Marcel R. (239)
+  Hanriot, Marcel R. (239)
+  Hanriot, Rene (368)
+  Herbster, Maurice (41)
+  Herveu, Mlle. Jane (318)
+  Hesne, Paul (113)
+  Houlette, Andre (367)
+  Jacquemart, G. C. (464)
+  Jamblez, Paul A. (266)
+  Janoir, L. (553)
+  Joliot, André (202)
+  Joly, C. E. M. (530)
+  Julleriot, Henry (61)
+  Junod, Auguste (253)
+  Kauffman, Paul (198)
+  Kergariou, Engard de (503)
+  Kieffer, C. E. (372)
+  Kummerling, A. (291)
+  Koechlin, Jean P. (203)
+  Kuhling, Paul L. (136)
+  Labouchere, Rene (86)
+  Labouret, Rene (222)
+  Lacombe, P. (534)
+  Ladougne, Emile (81)
+  Lafarge, Henri (278)
+  Lajous, Francois, A. (463)
+  Lambert, Comte de (8)
+  Langhe, Armand de (204)
+  Lastours, H. R. de (552)
+  Larfinty-Tholosan, Marquis Jules (468)
+  Laroche, Mme. Raymonde (36)
+  Latzel, J. (700)
+  Leblanc, Alfred (17)
+  Lecomte, Henri (320)
+  Legagneux, Georges (55)
+  Le Lasseur de Ranzay, G. (479)
+  Lemartin, Theodore (249)
+  Lenfant, Louis (386)
+  Leouet, B. L. (485)
+  Leprince, P. (494)
+  Lesire, Eugene (176)
+  Lesseps, Jacques de (27)
+  Leyat, Marcel (364)
+  Lieutard, H. (497)
+  Liger, A. (573)
+  Lombardi, Henri (241)
+  Loridan, Marcel (224)
+  Magnan, Leon (379)
+  Magneval, Gabriel (359)
+  Mahieu, Georges E. (123)
+  Mallet, J. A. P. (490)
+  Mamet, Julien (18)
+  Marchal, Anselem (328)
+  Maron, P. H. (495)
+  Marquezy, Rene (238)
+  Martin, Edouard (365)
+  Martin, Xavier (162)
+  Martinet, Robert (78)
+  Marvingt, Marie (281)
+  Mauvais, Jean (144)
+  Metrot, Rene (19)
+  Meyer, Jules M. (229)
+  Mignot, Robert (76)
+  Miltgen, Paul (339)
+  Moineau, R. L. (554)
+  Molla, Henri (172)
+  Montalent, O. de (509)
+  Montjou, Guy de (446)
+  Mollien, Elie A. (57)
+  Molon, Leon (25)
+  Molon, Louis (234)
+  Molon, Lucien (235)
+  Montigny, Alfred de (69)
+  Morane, Leon F. (54)
+  Morelle, Edmond (35)
+  Morel, P. F. (524)
+  Morin, Roger (306)
+  Mouthier, Louis (157)
+  Mousnier, Yvon (454)
+  Niel, Albert (104)
+  Niel, Mme. Marthe (226)
+  Nissole, Edouard (383)
+  Noe, A. G. M. (498)
+  Noel, Andre (122)
+  Obre, Emile (148)
+  Ors, Jean (382)
+  Orus, Maurice (256)
+  Osmon, Geo. (361)
+  Paillette, Marcel (99)
+  Paillole, E. C. L. (556)
+  Palade, Antoine (387)
+  Pallier, Mdlle.
+  Parent, Francois (189)
+  Paris-Leclerc, Max (190)
+  Partiot, G. (516)
+  Pascal, Ferdinand (301)
+  Paul, Ernest (91)
+  Paulhan, Louis (10)
+  Pequet, Henri (88)
+  Perin, Albert (161)
+  Perreyon, Edmond (311)
+  Perrigot, J. (499)
+  Picard, Pierre (174)
+  Planchet, Edmond (319)
+  Poillot (182)
+  Pommier, Martin (400)
+  Porcheron, L. A. (471)
+  Pouleriguen, F. (349)
+  Poumet (576)
+  Pourpe, Marc
+  Pourpe, M. M. E. A. (560)
+  Prevost, M. (475)
+  Prevoteau, G. (507)
+  Prier, Pierre (169)
+  Raoblt, Jean (386)
+  Reimbert, Ernest (375)
+  Reichert, Henri (377)
+  Renaux, Eugene (139)
+  Renaud de la Fregeoliere (396)
+  Rey, P. A. P. (517)
+  Reymond, Senator
+  Richet, A. (537)
+  Rigal, Victor (60)
+  Rivolier, Jean (381)
+  Robillard, G. de (184)
+  Robinet, J. (476)
+  Romance, F. de (288)
+  Rougier, Henry (11)
+  Ruby, F. L. (514)
+  Ruchonnet (127)
+  Sallard, H. (794)
+  Sallenave, Henru (66)
+  Savary, Robert (112)
+  Schlumberger, M. (316)
+  Sée, Raymond (187)
+  Servies, Jules (218)
+  Simon, Rene (177)
+  Sommer, Roger (29)
+  Tabateau, Maurice (128)
+  Taurin, Andre (84)
+  Tetard, Maurice (79)
+  Thieulin, Joseph (459)
+  Tissandier, Paul (13)
+  Tixier, Henri (397)
+  Toussin, Rene (56)
+  Train, Emile Louis (167)
+  Vallier, Edmond P. (269)
+  Vallon, Rene (109)
+  Van Gaver, Paul (338)
+  Vasseur, Narcisse (282)
+  Vedrines, Jules (312)
+  Vendrines, E. (536)
+  Verliac, Adrien (129)
+  Vergmault, O. (561)
+  Verrier, Pierre (390)
+  Versepuy, Leon (149)
+  Vialard, Charles (342)
+  Vidart, Rene (133)
+  Villeneuve Trans, Louis de (285)
+  Vimard, E. (484)
+  Visseaux, Henri (217)
+  Vittoz-Gallet, G. (500)
+  Wagner, Louis (83)
+  Walleton, Louis (304)
+  Weiss, H. (73)
+  Wintrebert, Henri (300)
+  Zens, Ernest (28)
+
+The following French aviators have been killed:--
+
+  +-------------------------+
+  |          1909.          |
+  | Ferber, Capt.           |
+  | Lefebvre, E.            |
+  |                         |
+  |          1910.          |
+  | Blanchard (215)         |
+  | Delagrange, Leon (3)    |
+  | Le Blon (38)            |
+  | Poillot (182)           |
+  |                         |
+  |          1911.          |
+  | Byasson, Lt.            |
+  | Camine, Capt.           |
+  | Caumont, Lieut. (156)   |
+  | Carron, Capt.           |
+  | Chotard, Lieut.         |
+  | De Grailly, Lieut.      |
+  | Desparmet, J. (451)     |
+  | Dupuis, Lieut.          |
+  | Gaubert (59)            |
+  | Laffont, A. (111)       |
+  | Lautheaume, Lt.         |
+  | Level                   |
+  | Liere, Louis            |
+  | Loder, Lt.              |
+  | Madiot, Capt. (106)     |
+  | Mommlin                 |
+  | Nieuport, E. (105)      |
+  | Noel                    |
+  | Princeteau, Lt. (331)   |
+  | Ruchonnet               |
+  | Tarron, Capt.           |
+  | Vallon, Rene            |
+  | Wachter, C. L. (53)     |
+  +-------------------------|
+
+
+
+~FRENCH PRIVATE AVIATORS, 1912.~
+
+  Adam-Gironne (818)
+  Arondel, P. (827)
+  Andenis, C. (788)
+  Badet (622)
+  Balighant, G. (588)
+  Barbarou, M. (702)
+  Basano, F. (828)
+  Baudrin, E. (609)
+  Bedel, R. (668)
+  Beatrix, C. (781)
+  Benoit, O. (771)
+  Benoist, G. (667)
+  Bertin, L. (801)
+  Blaignan (633)
+  Bleu, Le (643)
+  Boiteau, G. (833)
+  Boerlage (666)
+  Bordage, A. (650)
+  Boncour (678)
+  Boucher, F. (600)
+  Borie, A. (803)
+  Brocard, A. (770)
+  Brodin, E. (838)
+  Brouard, E. (807)
+  Bruginere, A. (813)
+  Cailleaux, A. (617)
+  Carreard, G. (779)
+  Castellan, E. (639)
+  Cavalier, M. (764)
+  Caye, M. (672)
+  Cerantes, F. (611)
+  Chabert, V. (631)
+  Chandenier, L. (804)
+  Coblyn, L. (735)
+  Contre (657)
+  Corsini, A. (654)
+  Cornier, R. (605)
+  Coville, F. (594)
+  Couffin, L. (619)
+  Dambricourt, J. (773)
+  De Beausire de Seyssel (756)
+  Debroutelle, P. (806)
+  De Chabot, P. (783)
+  De Gensac, A. (836)
+  De Lareinty Tholozan, H. (822)
+  Delacour, J. (602)
+  Delaunay, P. M. (635)
+  Deleraye, M. (790)
+  De l'Escaille (791)
+  Delmas, M. (837)
+  De Marmies, R. (663)
+  De Mazurkiewicz, W. C. (707)
+  Denhaut, F. (690)
+  Des Pres de la Morlais (636)
+  De Pontac (596)
+  De Reals, R. (686)
+  De Ryk (Mme. B.) (652)
+  De Segonac, R. (669)
+  Desille, L. (581)
+  De Vergnette, C. (792)
+  De Villepin, O. (832)
+  Do Huu, T. (649)
+  Drouhet, F. (727)
+  Dussot, A. (733)
+  Dutertre, C. (748)
+  Ecomand, G. (714)
+  Ehrmann, L. (646)
+  Escot, P. (624)
+  Eymien, S. (726)
+  Fassin, F. (844)
+  Faucompre, L. (814)
+  Fleiche, L. (729)
+  Foudre, R. (808)
+  Foulquier, M. (772)
+  Francois, A. (665)
+  Galon, S. (613)
+  Garros, R. (811)
+  Glaize, F. (845)
+  Godot, J. (815)
+  Grazzioli, A. (687)
+  Grasset, A. (800)
+  Greppo, J. (676)
+  Guerre, P. (730)
+  Guillaux, E. (749)
+  Hanne, A. (681)
+  Helen, E. (586)
+  Hembert (662)
+  Hurard, J. (757)
+  Hustinx, C. (716)
+  Irate, G. (655)
+  Jacquin, A. (582)
+  Jailler, L. (682)
+  Jeannerod, H. (696)
+  Jeansoulin, L. (703)
+  Joachim, H. (610)
+  Jourjon, R. (841)
+  Junquet, P. (621)
+  Kormann (789)
+  Lambert, A. (618)
+  Lanier, P. (684)
+  Lantheaume, C. (616)
+  Latzel, J. (700)
+  Le Bleu, P. (643)
+  Leclerc, P. (593)
+  Lefebvre, L. (691)
+  Lecontellec, H. (810)
+  Lenfant, P. (731)
+  Lemoine, A. (632)
+  Leroy, J. (638)
+  Lesne, M. (796)
+  Levasseur, J. (743)
+  Le Vassor, J. (704)
+  Lewis, J. (642)
+  Loubignac, L. (793)
+  Lumiere, G. (840)
+  Madon, G. (595)
+  Magnin, L. (648)
+  Maicon, A. (695)
+  Mandelli, P. (762)
+  Mauger, D. (750)
+  Malecaze, J. (776)
+  Mancarot (710)
+  Mazier, L. (634)
+  Melin, E. (699)
+  Metairie, A. (689)
+  Mouroux, J. (724)
+  Navarre, A. (584)
+  Noel, L. (656)
+  Nove-Josseraud (825)
+  Olivier, L. (556)
+  Pasquier, Baron R. (728)
+  Penet, H. (809)
+  Pia, G. (829)
+  Picard, F. (601)
+  Poulet, E. (709)
+  Radisson, V. (834)
+  Raulet, F. (658)
+  Richer, H. (607)
+  Ridont, R. (817)
+  Roussel, L. (659)
+  Roux, H. (715)
+  Saint-Michel Rivet (604)
+  Sallard, H. (794)
+  Sauson de Sausal (812)
+  Schneegaus, C. (712)
+  Senart, J. (661)
+  Sensever, H. (580)
+  Senougue, A. (823)
+  Serant, L. (679)
+  Seyrat, J. (830)
+  Shigeno, K. (744)
+  Soularis, M. (698)
+  Soyer, H. (671)
+  Testulat, P. (821)
+  Thierry de Ville d'Avray (579)
+  Thoret, J. (708)
+  Tierch, M. (645)
+  Tournier, A. (677)
+  Trescartes, L. (842)
+  Vallet, C. (734)
+  Vaudelle, R. (785)
+  Vandinck, A. (787)
+  Vandal, P. (598)
+  Ventre, L. (585)
+  Vidal Soler, E. (686)
+  Vogoyeau, A. (755)
+  Whitehouse, W. (589)
+  Zens, P. (675)
+  Zorra, L. (653)
+
+~Killed.~
+
+  +---------------------------------+
+  |       1912.                     |
+  | Barillon (307)                  |
+  | Bedell, R.                      |
+  | Bernard, Suzanne                |
+  | Boerner, Lieut.                 |
+  | Boncour, Lieut.                 |
+  | Bressand, Lieut.                |
+  | Chanteriers, Lieut.             |
+  | Dubois, Capt.                   |
+  | Ducourneau, Lieut.              |
+  | Etienne, Lieut.                 |
+  | Faure, Capt.                    |
+  | Lacour                          |
+  | Madiot, Capt. (106)             |
+  | Maguet, Capt. le                |
+  | Nieuport, C.                    |
+  | Olivers, G.                     |
+  | Peignan, Lieut. A.              |
+  | Poutrin, Lieut.                 |
+  | Sevelle, Lieut. H. P.           |
+  | Thiery de Ville d'Avray, Lieut. |
+  | Thomas, Lieut.                  |
+  | Wagner, A.                      |
+  |                                 |
+  |       1913.                     |
+  | Bresson, Lieut.                 |
+  +---------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+FRENCH AEROPLANES.
+
+
+
+~A~
+
+
+AERIENNE. L'Aerienne, 25 Quai des Grands Agustins, Paris. Builds to
+specifications and supplies all parts.
+
+
+ANTOINETTE. Company has ceased to exist.
+
+
+ASTRA. "Astra" Soc. de Constructions Aéronautiques, (Anciens Etabs.
+Surcouf) Soc. An'yme 13 Rue Couchat, Billancourt (Seine). Works: 121-123
+Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt. Flying grounds: Issy-les-Molineux
+Villacoublay (S-&-O). This old established balloon and dirigible firm
+first took up aviation as French agents for the _Wrights_ in 1909. For a
+time they built _Wrights_ with certain modifications, but by 1912,
+little save the Wright system of warping remained. Capacity: about 100
+machines a year.
+
+  +------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+                                 |     Biplane,    |     Military    |     Biplane,    |  Mil. biplane,  |  Hydro-biplane,
+                                 |     type C.     |     biplane     |     Type C.     |    type C.M.    |   type C.M.
+                                 |    ~1912-13.~   |    type C.M.    |     ~1913.~     |     ~1913.~     |    ~1913.~
+                                 |      Wood.      |    ~1912-13.~   |  Wood & steel.  |  Wood & steel.  |  Wood & steel
+                                 |                 |       Wood      |                 |                 |
+  -------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+  ~Length~              feet (m.)|   34    (10.40) |   36    (10.97) |   34    (10.40) |   36    (10.97) |   32-3/4   (10)
+  ~Span~                feet (m.)|   41    (12.50) |  40-1/2 (12.32) |   41    (12.50) |  40-1/2 (12.32) |   39-1/2   (12)
+  ~Area.~           sq. feet (m²)|  519     (48.2) |  519     (48.2) |  519     (48.2) |  519     (48.2) |  519     (48.2)
+            {machine  lbs. (kgs.)| 1764      (800) | 2365     (1073) |        ...      | 1411      (640) | 1763      (800)
+  ~Weight~  {                    |                 |                 |                 |                 |    (unladen)
+            {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|  661      (300) |  882      (400) |        ...      |       ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                    h.p.|    50 Renault   |    75 Renault   |    50 Renault   |   75 Renault    |   100 Renault
+                                 |                 |   or 75 Chenu   |                 |                 |
+              {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   56       (90) |   56       (90) |   56       (90) |   56       (90) |    56      (90)
+  ~Speed~     {                  |                 |                 |                 |                 |
+              {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|       ...       |       ...       |        ...      |       ...       |        ...
+  ~Endurance~                hrs.|       ...       |       ...       |        ...      |       ...       |        ...
+  Number built during 1912       |       ...       |       ...       |        ...      |       ...       |        ...
+  -------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+
+Remarks.--The 1912-13 and 1913 types differ only in the adoption of
+metal in the 1913 models, which are consequently considerably lighter.
+
+General features.--Warping wings. Fixed tail planes with two elevators
+in rear. Single rudder. Single tractor geared down 1 to 2. Type C
+carries 85 litres petrol; type C.M., 137 litres.
+
+[Illustration: Astra. Military "C.M." 1913.]
+
+[Illustration: Astra. Hydro-avion, 1913.]
+
+
+
+~B~
+
+
+BERTIN. L. Bertin, 23 rue de Rocroy, Paris. About 1908 Bertin began
+building helicopters. The machine below was exhibited in the 1913 Paris
+Salon.
+
+[Illustration: Bertin. UAS.]
+
+  ------------------------------+-------------+
+                                |   ~1913.~   |
+                                | Monoplane.  |
+                                |  2-seater.  |
+  ------------------------------+-------------+
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|  29  (8.80) |
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|  34 (10.40) |
+  ~Area~          sq. feet (m².)| 226    (21) |
+           {machine, lbs. (kgs.)| 770   (350) |
+  ~Weight~ {                    |             |
+           {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|    ...      |
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.| 100 Bertin  |
+  ~Speed~     {max  m.p.h. (km.)| 71    (115) |
+  Number built during 1912      |     1       |
+  ------------------------------+-------------+
+
+Remarks.--Wood and steel construction. On wheels only. _Controls:_
+warping and rear elevator.
+
+
+BESSON. Marcel Besson, 24 rue Marbeuf, Paris. Capacity: small. Besson
+first appeared in 1911 with a tail-first mono. In the Paris Salon, 1913,
+he exhibited an improved machine along similar lines.
+
+  ------------------------------+-------------+
+                                |   ~1913~    |
+                                |  _Canard_   |
+                                |  2-seater.  |
+  ------------------------------+-------------+
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|  22  (6.70) |
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|  44 (13.40) |
+  ~Area~          sq. feet (m².)| 323    (30) |
+           {machine, lbs. (kgs.)| 730 (331.2) |
+  ~Weight~ {                    |             |
+           {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|     ...     |
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.|  70 Gnome   |
+  ~Speed~            m.p.h.(km.)| 59     (95) |
+  Number built during 1912      |      1      |
+  ------------------------------+-------------+
+
+Remarks.--All steel construction. On wheels and 2 skids. _Control:_
+ailerons and front elevator.
+
+
+BLERIOT Monoplanes. L. Bleriot, "Bleriot-Aeronautique," 39, Route de la
+Révolte, Paris-Levallois. Flying grounds: Buc Etampes and Pau.
+
+        L. Bleriot began to experiment in 1906, along Langley lines. By
+     1909 he was one of the leading French firms; and the first cross
+     Channel flight was made by him.
+
+Details of standard types:--
+
+  -----------------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+------------
+                               |                |     ~XXI.~     |    ~XXVII.~   |               |               |
+                               |  ~XI~ _bis._   |    Military    |  Single seat  |   ~XXVIII.~   |   ~XXVIII.~   | Monocoque
+                               | 2-seater mono. |  side by side  |     mono.     | Single seater |   2-seater    |  2-seater
+                               |(~1911~ onward) | 2-seater mono. |    ~1912.~    |    ~1913.~    |    ~1913.~    |  ~1913.~
+                               |                |     ~1912.~    |               |               |               |
+  -----------------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+------------
+  ~Length~             feet (m)| 27-1/3  (8.40) |  27-1/4 (8.24) |  28    (8.50) |  25    (7.60) |  27    (8.20) |    ...
+  ~Span~               feet (m)| 36        (11) |  36       (11) |  29-1/2   (9) |  29    (8.80) |  32    (9.75) |  40 (12.25)
+  ~Area~          sq. ft. (m².)| 349       (33) | 268       (25) | 129      (12) | 162      (15) | 215      (20) | 270    (25)
+           {unladen, lbs. (kgs)|       ...      | 727      (330) | 529     (240) | 530     (240) | 660     (300) | 830   (375)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                |                |               |               |               |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|       ...      |       ...      |      ...      | 286     (129) | 550     (250) |    ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    50 Gnome    |    70 Gnome    |   70 Gnome    |    50 Gnome   |   70 Gnome    |  80 Gnome
+            {max.  m.p.h. (km.)| 56        (90) |  56       (90) | 78      (125) |  62     (100) |  71     (115) |  75   (120)
+  ~Speed~   {                  |                |                |               |               |               |
+            {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|       ...      |       ...      |      ...      |      ...      |      ...      |    ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|       ...      |       ...      |      ...      |      ...      |      ...      |    ...
+  Number built during 1912     |       ...      |       ...      |      ...      |      ...      |      ...      |    ...
+  -----------------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+------------
+
+Note.--The monos., as usual, are of wood construction; wheels only for
+landing. Rectangular section bodies. Warping wings, elevator in rear.
+Chauviere propeller. The monocoque has wood, steel and cork
+construction. Coque body. Skids to landing chassis. Levasseur propeller.
+Otherwise as the other monos.
+
+Principal _Bleriot_ flyers are or have been:--Aubrun, Balsan, Bleriot,
+Busson, Chavez, Cordonnier, Delagrange, Drexel, Efimoff, Gibbs, Hubert,
+Hamel, Moissant, Paulhan, Prevetau, Prevot, Prier, Radley, Thorup, Tyck,
+Wienzciers, and many others.
+
+[Illustration: Bleriot XI _bis._]
+
+[Illustration: 1913 type of XI _bis._ UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Bleriot XXVII.]
+
+[Illustration: BLÉRIOT XXI. UAS.
+
+General standard type of _Bleriot_ 1912 & 1913.]
+
+~Special types of Bleriots.~--In addition to the standard machines,
+Bleriot from time to time produces special machines, of which the best
+known is the _Limousine_, built for M. Deutsch de la Meurthe, built 1911
+and still existing. One or two Canards have also been built, including
+an armoured military.
+
+[Illustration: BLERIOT-LIMOUSINE. UAS.]
+
+Early in 1913 a special experimental military machine was produced with
+considerable secrecy.
+
+[Illustration: BLERIOT MILITARY. Special 1913 military. UAS.]
+
+
+BOREL. G. Borel & Cie, 25 rue Brunel, Paris. Established 1910. Capacity:
+about 25 machines a year.
+
+  -----------------+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------
+        Model.     |        ~1913.~       |        ~1913.~       |       ~1913.~
+                   |      Monoplane.      |   Monocoque Racer.   |     Hydro-mono.
+                   |                      |                      |      2-seater.
+  -----------------+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------
+  ~Length~         |  22 feet   (6.70 m.) |  19 feet   (5.80 m.) |  27 feet   (8.30 m.)
+  ~Span~           |  30 feet   (9.15 m.) |  26 feet   (8.00 m.) |  37 feet  (11.25 m.)
+  ~Area~           | 152 sq. ft. (14 m².) | 116 sq. ft. (11 m².) | 237 sq. ft. (22 m².)
+           {total  | 530 lbs.  (240 kgs.) | 608 lbs.  (276 kgs.) | 880 lbs.  (399 kgs.)
+  ~Weight~ {       |                      |                      |
+           {useful | 287 lbs.  (130 kgs.) |         ...          |         ...
+  ~Motor~          |      50 Gnome        |      80 Gnome        |      80 Gnome
+  ~Speed~    (p.h.)|  71 m.     (115 km.) |  94 m.     (150 km.) |  62 m.     (100 km.)
+  -----------------+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------
+
+Note.--The monocoque is of wood and steel construction, the others wood
+only. The monocoque has coque body, the others ordinary rectangular
+section. Floats of the hydro as illustrated. For the rest the ordinary
+mono. is practically on the same lines as the 1912. The racer is
+somewhat on _Deperdussin_ lines, but the body is built up inside. No
+fixed tail. The hydro. is an enlarged edition of the mono. Floats
+display nothing very original, except that a float under tail is
+interconnected with the rudder, and that the two front floats are fitted
+for being rowed. Fitted with a self-starter.
+
+[Illustration: 1913 Borel. Hydro-avion. _By favour of "Flight."_ UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Hydro-avion.]
+
+There is also a Denhaut design, 1913, about the same as a
+_Donnet-Leveque_.
+
+[Illustration: Borel. Monocoque. UAS.]
+
+
+BREGUET. Soc. Anonyme des ateliers d'aviation, Louis Breguet, 16
+Boulevard Vauban, Donai (Nord). Capacity: about 200 machines a year.
+Paris office: 25, Boulevard Jules Sandeau. Schools at La Brayelle, pris
+Douai, Vélisy-Villacoublay, pris Paris.
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------
+                                    |                  |                  |                   |                  |  Aérhydroplane
+                                    |     ~G2~ bis.    |      ~G3.~       |      ~C-U1.~      |     ~C-U2.~      |      tandem
+            ~1913 models.~          |   2 or 3-seater  |     3-seater     |      2-seater     |     2-seater     |      mono.
+                                    |     biplane.     |     biplane.     |      biplane.     |     biplane.     |    2-seater,
+                                    |                  |                  |                   |                  |  side by side.
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m)|   33        (10) |   29      (8.75) |   29       (8.75) |   29      (8.75) |   29      (8.75)
+  ~Span~                    feet (m)|   49        (15) |   45     (13.65) |   45      (13.65) |   45     (13.65) |   42     (12.80)
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m²)|  376        (35) |  377        (36) |  387         (36) |  387        (36) |  387        (36)
+                {empty,  lbs. (kgs.)| 1323       (600) | 1212       (550) | 1430        (649) | 1160       (522) | 1760       (798)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                  |                  |                   |                  |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  662       (300) |  882       (400) |  662        (300) |  882       (400) |  662       (300)
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|     80 Gnome     |    100 Gnome     |  80 Canton Unmé.  | 110 Canton Unmé. | 110 Canton Unmé.
+                  {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   62       (100) |   69       (110) |   62        (100) |   71       (115) |   87       (140)
+  ~Speed~         {                 |                  |                  |                   |                  |
+                  {min. m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...        |        ...       |   62       (100)
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|       3-1/2      |         4        |         7         |         7        |         7
+  Number built during 1912          |A total of 41 sold| during  1912  for| military purposes.|                  |        ...
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+_In each case._--
+
+~Construction.~--All steel.
+
+~Landing chassis.~--C consists of three wheels each protected by skids.
+The two main wheels, placed on either side of the centre of gravity, are
+fitted with patent "Oleopneumatic" shock absorbers. The steering wheel
+and the front skid have a spring suspension.
+
+~Military machines.~--The 1912 sales of these were:--32 to France; 5
+British; 3 Italian; 1 Swedish.
+
+~Steering.~--The patented control system consists of a wheel mounted on
+a pivoted lever. The backward and forward movement of the entire system
+operates the elevator: the sideway movement warps the rear edge of the
+upper wings, and the rotation of the wheel steers the machine. The
+latter operation also governs the front wheel of the landing chassis, so
+that when on the ground the machine can be steered like a motor car.
+
+~Portability.~--The main planes can be folded alongside of the fuselage.
+The machine can then be towed on any ordinary road, or be housed in
+places such as farm buildings, stables, &c.
+
+[Illustration: Aerhydroplane, 1913-14.]
+
+[Illustration: BREGUET. Hydro. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: BREGUET. Biplane. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: BRÉGUET. 1912-13, G3 type 3-seater military. UAS]
+
+
+
+C
+
+
+CAUDRON. Caudron Fréres, Rue (Somme). Schools: Crotoy and Juvissy.
+Capacity: about 100-250 a year.
+
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+------------------------
+                                     |        ~M2~        |       ~N.~         |       ~G.D.~       |                    ||        ~B.~        |        ~E.~        ||    Monaco type,    |
+             Model and Date.         |       1912-13      |      1912-13       |       1912-13      |      ~1913~        ||       1912-13      |       1912-13      ||        1912        |       ~1913~
+                                     |        mono.       |       mono.        |        mono.       |       mono.        ||       biplane.     |       biplane.     ||   hydro-biplane.   |    hydro-biplane.
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+------------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   20        (6.10) |   19-3/4       (6) |   22        (6.75) |   19-1/4    (5.80) ||   26-1/4       (8) |   23-1/2    (7.15) ||   22        (6.75) |   32-3/4      (10)
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   31        (9.40) |   26-1/3       (8) |   34       (10.30) |   27-1/3    (8.50) ||   32-3/4      (10) |   35-1/2   (10.80) ||   33       (10.10) |   46          (14)
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  151          (14) |  108          (10) |  268          (25) |  118          (11) ||  431          (40) |  301          (28) ||  268          (25) |  376          (35)
+  ~Weight~       machine, lbs. (kgs.)|  518         (235) |  496         (225) |  386         (175) |  490         (225) ||  683         (310) |  640         (295) ||  772         (350) |  882         (400)
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.| 50 Anzani or Gnome |      50 Anzani     |   Anzani or Gnome  |     50 Gnome.      ||   Anzani or Gnome  |        Gnome       ||        Gnome       |      70 Gnome
+  ~Speed~                m.p.h. (km.)|   71         (115) |   84         (135) |   75         (120) |   84               ||   56          (90) |   56          (90) ||   50          (80) |   50          (80)
+  Number built during 1912           |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        ||         ...        |         ...        ||        ...         |         ...
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+------------------------
+                                                                                                                                                                    || Lateral control, warping. Wood construction.
+  Notes.--Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. On wheels. Enclosed body.                                                                                    || On wheels as well as
+                                                                                                                                                                    || floats. (Special Caudron patent.)
+  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------++---------------------------------------------
+
+[Illustration: 1912 hydro. _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS]
+
+[Illustration: CAUDRON. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: 1913 hydro. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: CAUDRON. Mono. _By favour of "Flight."_ UAS]
+
+
+CLEMENT-BAYARD. Usines Clement-Bayard, 33 quai Michelet,
+Levallois-Perret (Seine).
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+
+                                    |         ~1913.~        |        ~1913.~         |
+                                    |    Military 3-seater   | Military single seater |
+                                    |         biplane.       |       monoplane.       |
+  ----------------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m)|   37           (11.20) |   24-2/3        (7.50) |
+                {upper      feet (m)|   52              (16) |   30            (9.20) |
+  ~Span~        {                   |                        |                        |
+                {lower      feet (m)|   36              (11) |           ...          |
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  533              (50) |  172              (16) |
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 2425            (1100) | 1146             (520) |
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                        |                        |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)| 1014             (460) |  441             (200) |
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|        100 Gnome       |        70 Gnome        |
+                 {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   53              (85) |   75             (120) |
+  ~Speed~        {                  |                        |                        |
+                 {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|           ...          |           ...          |
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|           ...          |           ...          |
+  ----------------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+
+
+Notes.--_Control_: lateral, warping.
+
+
+
+D
+
+
+D'ARTOIS. Soc. Anonyme des Anciens Chantiers Tellier, Longuenesse, pres
+St. Omer. Re-established 1912. Capacity: small.
+
+  ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+                                   |   ~1913~ model.    |      ~1913~        |
+           Model and date.         |  "Aero torpille"   |  "Aero torpille"   |
+                                   |  hydro-biplane.    |      biplane.      |
+  ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+  ~Length~                feet (m.)|   23           (7) |   24-3/4    (7.50) |
+                                  {|   36          (11) |   36          (11) |
+  ~Span~                 feet (m.){|                    |                    |
+                                  {|   20           (6) |   20           (6) |
+  ~Area~             sq. feet (m².)|  280          (26) |  280          (26) |
+  ~Weight~       empty, lbs. (kgs.)|  772         (350) |  551         (250) |
+  ~Motor~                      h.p.|      50 Gnome      |      50 Gnome      |
+  ~Speed~              m.p.h. (km.)|   56          (90) |   84         (135) |
+  ~Endurance~                  hrs.|         ...        |         ...        |
+  Number built during 1912         |         ...        |         ...        |
+  ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+
+Notes.--Single long boat body, canoe-shape.
+
+[Illustration: _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS]
+
+
+DEPERDUSSIN. Armand Deperdussin, 19 rue des Entrepreneurs, Paris.
+School: Courey-Betheny (Marne). Established 1910. Capacity: about
+150-200 machines a year.
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                                    |    ~E 1912-13.~    |    ~P 1912-13.~    |    ~T 1912-13.~    |    ~H 1912-13.~    |      Monocoque     |        Mono.
+                                    |    school mono.    |    single seater   |      2-seater      |      3-seater      |       ~1913.~      |       ~1913.~
+                                    |                    |        mono.       |        mono.       |        mono.       |      2-seater.     |      2-seater.
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m)|    24       (7.30) |   24        (7.30) |   24        (7.30) |   29        (8.80) |   19        (5.75) |         ...
+  ~Span~                    feet (m)|    29       (8.85) |   28        (8.50) |   35       (10.65) |   41       (12.50) |   29-1/2    (8.95) |   36         (11)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|        ...         |  162          (15) |        ...         |  310          (28) |   97           (9) |         ...
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)|   661        (300) |  782         (355) | 1212         (550) | 2050         (930) |  882         (400) |         ...
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...         |         ...        |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|     30 Anzani      |      50 Gnome      |     70 Gnome       |      100 Gnome     |      50 Gnome      |      80 Gnome
+               {max.    m.p.h. (km.)|    50         (80) |   69         (110) |   65         (105) |   69         (110) |  113         (180) |  105         (170)
+  ~Speed~      {                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+               {min.    m.p.h. (km.)|        ...         |         ...        |        ...         |         ...        |   81         (130) |         ...
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|        ...         |         ...        |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  Number built during 1912          |         2          |          5         |         27         |          3         |          2         |          1
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Notes.--Wood construction. Lateral control by warping. Mounted on wheels
+without skids. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.
+
+Principal _Deperdussin_ records: 1912 Gordon Bennett (Vedrines) and a
+number of world records for speed and distance.
+
+Principal pilots include: Busson, Prévost, Vedrines, Vidart.
+
+[Illustration: 50 h.p. monocoque.]
+
+[Illustration: DEPERDUSSIN. 80 h.p. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: The 80 h.p. mounted on floats as a hydro.]
+
+
+DONNET-LEVEQUE.
+
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                             |      ~A 1912.~     |      ~B 1912.~     |      ~C 1912.~     |       ~1913.~
+                             |      2-seater      |      2-seater      |      3-seater      |      2-seater
+                             |    hydro-biplane   |    hydro-biplane   |    hydro-biplane   |    hydro-biplane
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m)|   26        (7.80) |   27        (8.30) |   27        (8.30) |   34-1/2   (10.50)
+  ~Span~             feet (m)|   29-1/2       (9) |   32-3/4      (10) |   34-1/2   (10.50) |   29-1/2       (9)
+  ~Area~       sq. feet (m².)|  194          (18) |  215          (20) |  237          (22) |  194          (18)
+  ~Weight~        lbs. (kgs.)|  683         (310) |  772         (350) |  888         (380) |  888         (380)
+  ~Motor~                h.p.|      50 Gnome      |      70 Gnome      |      80 Gnome      |      50 Gnome
+  ~Speed~        m.p.h. (km.)|   69         (110) |   75         (120) |        ...         |   50          (80)
+  ~Endurance~            hrs.|         ...        |         ...        |        ...         |        ...
+  Number built during 1912   |         ...        |         ...        |        ...         |        ...
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Notes.--Lateral control by warping ailerons. Motor in gap just below
+upper plane: propeller in rear, direct driven. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.
+
+Floats.--One large central boat 27 feet (8.20 m.) long--two small ones
+at each extremity of lower plane.
+
+[Illustration: _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._]
+
+[Illustration: UAS]
+
+
+DOUTRE. Soc. Anonyme Doutre, 58, rue Talbot, Paris.
+
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+  Type.                              |  Biplane 3-seater, |  Biplane 2-seater, |
+                                     |     ~1912-13.~     |     ~1912-13.~     |
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   40       (12.25) |        ...         |
+                                    {|   53       (16.10) |        ...         |
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.){|                    |                    |
+                                    {|   43          (13) |        ...         |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  533          (50) |        ...         |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)| 1323         (600) | 1323         (600) |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|  992         (450) |  992         (450) |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|     70 Renault     |     50 Renault     |
+  ~Speed~            max. m.p.h (km.)|   56          (90) |   56          (90) |
+  Number built during 1912           |          1         |          ?         |
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+
+Notes.--Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. Both types fitted with the Doutre
+patent stabiliser, which automatically and instantaneously counteracts
+troubles due to sudden gusts or partial motor failures. Weight of the
+1913 model stabiliser is only 44 lbs. (20 kgs.)
+
+[Illustration: Model 1913 stabiliser.]
+
+[Illustration: DOUTRE. UAS]
+
+
+
+F
+
+
+FARMAN. Henry and Maurice Farman, 167, Rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine)
+Aerodromes: Buc, pres Versailles and Etampes. Depots: Camp de
+Chalons--Reims. Established by H. Farman in 1908. M. Farman established
+works a little later. In 1912 the two brothers combined. The present
+works were opened in January, 1912, and had an output capacity of at
+least 300 machines a year in March, 1913.
+
+  ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                                   |     _H. Farman._   |     _H. Farman._   |     _H. Farman._   |     _H. Farman._   |     _M. Farman._   |     _M. Farman._   |     _M. Farman._
+                                   |      Military.     |   Single-seater.   |      2-seater      |  2-seater special  |  Military biplane. |    Big military    |     Staggered
+                                   |   2 or 3-seater.   |      Military.     |     monoplane.     |   hydro-biplane.   |                    |      biplane.      |      biplane.
+                                   |     ~1912-13.~     |       ~1913.~      |                    |       ~1913.~      |                    |                    |
+                                   |      Biplane.      |      Biplane.      |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+  ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                feet (m.)|   26-1/4       (8) |   24        (7.35) |   24-1/2    (7.50) |   26        (7.90) |   39-1/3      (12) |   46          (14) |   39       (11.90)
+  ~Span~                  feet (m.)|   42-3/4   (13.25) |   31-1/8    (9.50) |   32-3/4      (10) |   45       (13.70) |   50-3/4   (15.50) |   65-3/4      (20) |   36          (11)
+  ~Area~             sq. feet (m².)|  376          (35) |  161          (15) |  204          (19) |  344          (32) |  646          (60) |  861          (80) |  323          (30)
+                {total  lbs. (kgs.)|  793         (360) |  640         (295) |  628         (285) |  950         (431) | 1102         (500) | 1433         (650) |  882         (400)
+  ~Weight~      {                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful lbs. (kgs.)|  661         (300) |  386         (175) |        ...         |         ...        |  617         (280) |  882         (400) |  551         (250)
+                                  {|                    |                    |    Designed for    |                    |                    |                    |
+  ~Motor~                     h.p.{|    70-80 Gnome     |     70-80 Gnome    |    Gnomes from     |      50 Gnome      |      70 Renault    |     70 Renault     |     70 Renault
+                                  {|                    |                    |  40 up to 160 h.p. |                    |                    |                    |
+                  {max. m.p.h. (km)|   65         (105) |   71          (15) |        ...         |   52         (100) |   56          (90) |   44          (70) |   69         (110)
+  ~Speed~         {                |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+                  {min. m.p.h. (km)|         ...        |         ...        |        ...         |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ~Endurance~                  hrs.|          3         |         ...        |        ...         |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  Number built during 1912         |         ...        |         ...        |        ...         |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Remarks.--The whole of the above can easily be converted into
+hydro-avions--two long narrow floats without steps. _H. Farmans_ are of
+wood and steel construction; _M. Farman_, wood. In all 1913 biplanes the
+ailerons are inter-connected. All 1913 machines designed to carry one or
+in some cases two mitrailleuse, and special attention is paid to
+facility for taking down for transport and re-assembling. The 1911-12
+_H. Farmans_ had elevators forward, were a good deal longer, and had
+more surface than 1913 models. Ailerons not inter-connected. The _M.
+Farmans_ generally as now, except that all planes, etc., had rounded
+edges. On September 11th, 1912, Foury, in an _M. Farman_ military, made
+world's endurance record to date, 13 hrs. 22 min., covering 631 miles
+(1,017 km.) All models of this type, also the "big military," are fitted
+with the Doutre stabiliser. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.
+
+~Latest Hydro.~--In March, 1913, a new hydro was produced
+experimentally. There is a boat body, without steps, carrying the motor
+which is chain connected with the propeller. Machine is fitted with
+wheels and skids as well.
+
+[Illustration: H. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.]
+
+[Illustration: H. Farman. 1913 latest type military biplane.]
+
+[Illustration: M. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.]
+
+[Illustration: M. Farman. 1912-13 staggered biplane. This is the type
+which has done best as a hydro-aeroplane.]
+
+
+
+G
+
+
+GOUPY. A. Goupy, 50, Avenue Marceau, Paris. School: Juvissy (Port
+Aviation). Capacity: about 30 machines a year.
+
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                                     |                    |                    |       ~1913.~
+            Model and date.          |      ~1913 A.~     |      ~1913 B.~     |   Hydro-staggered
+                                     | Staggered biplane. | Staggered biplane. |      biplane.
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   25        (7.50) |   26-1/4       (8) |   33         (10)
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   26-1/4       (8) |   42-3/4      (13) |   42      (12.70)
+  ~Area~                sq. feet (m²)|         ...        |         ...        |  480         (45)
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |         ...        |  992        (450)
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |         ...        |  661        (300)
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|      50 Gnome      |   80 or 100 Gnome  |      80 Gnome
+                   {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   62         (100) |   75         (120) |   75        (120)
+  ~Speed~          {                 |                    |                    |
+                   {min. m.p.h. (km.)|         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ~Endurance~                    hrs.|         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  Number built during 1912           |         ...        |          12        |          1
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.
+
+[Illustration: Goupy. Hydro. _From "Flight."_ UAS]
+
+[Illustration: Goupy. Hydro. _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS]
+
+
+
+H
+
+
+HANRIOT. Aeroplanes Hanriot & Cie., 145 rue de Neufchatel, Reims. Paris
+office: 69 boulevard Berthier, Paris. School: Antibes, Reims.
+
+  ------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+          ~1913~ models.        |        ~D I.~      |       ~D II.~      |       ~D III.~     |       ~D IV.~      |    ~D VII.~
+           ~Monoplanes.~        |    Single seater.  |   2 or 3-seater.   |       Racer.       |       Steel.       |
+  ------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|   23           (7) |   26-1/3       (8) |   21-3/4    (6.65) |   23           (7) |   23          (7)
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|   28-1/3    (8.70) |   42-3/4      (13) |   24        (7.30) |   28-1/3    (8.65) |   36      (10.95)
+  ~Area~           sq. feet (m²)|  161          (15) |  226          (21) |   91        (8.50) |  161          (15) |  194         (18)
+           {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  661         (300) |  937         (425) |  661         (300) |  661         (300) |  771        (350)
+  ~Weight~ {                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+           {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |  616         (280) |         ...        |  396         (180) |  364        (165)
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.|      50 Anzani     |      100 Gnome     |      100 Gnome     |    50 R. Peugeot   |      80 Gnome
+            {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   69         (110) |   78         (125) |  106         (170) |   71         (115) |   71        (115)
+  ~Speed~   {                   |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+            {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ~Endurance~               hrs.|         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  Number built during 1912      |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Notes.--There are also two school types 35 and 45 h.p. Records include
+1912 world record for speed with passengers.
+
+None of the above machines represent any very particular divergence from
+recognised _Hanriot_ practice. _D IV_ is all steel construction, the
+others wood and steel.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+M
+
+
+MORANE-SAULNIER. Soc. de constructions aéronautiques, Morane-Saulnier.
+206 Boulevard Pereire. Capital: 1,500,000 francs. School: Villacoublay.
+Output capacity: about 50 machines a year.
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                                    |  ~Military, 1913.~ |     ~2 places.~
+                                    |                    |      ~Tandem.~
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   21        (6.38) |   21        (6.38)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   30-1/5    (9.20) |   33-1/2   (10.20)
+  ~Surface~           sq. feet (m².)|  151          (14) |  172          (16)
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  595         (270) |  617         (280)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                    |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |         ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|       50 h.p.      |       80 h.p.
+  ~Speed~               m.p.h. (km.)|   75         (120) |   75         (120)
+  Number built during 1912          |         ...        |         ...
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------
+
+In each case ~body~ is of rectangular section, wood, mounted on wheels
+only, except for the ~military~ type which has skids also. Fabric:
+"Aviator" Ramie.
+
+In all there is a rear elevator and a Chauvière tractor.
+
+Note.--Flown in the European Circuit, 1911, by Vedrines, Gajet, Lesire,
+Morisson, Verept, Frey, Garnier and Dalgier.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: 1913. 100 h.p. Gnome engined.]
+
+
+MOREAU. Moreau fréres, Combs-la-Ville.
+
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+
+                                     |       ~1913.~      |
+           Model and date.           |      2-seater.     |
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   31        (9.50) |
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   39-1/3      (12) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  258          (24) |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  992         (450) |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                    |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...         |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|      70 Gnome      |
+  ~Speed~           max. m.p.h. (km.)|   62         (100) |
+  Number built during 1912           |         2          |
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+
+
+Notes.--Fitted with a special stabilising device.
+
+[Illustration: MOREAU. UAS]
+
+
+
+N
+
+
+NIEUPORT. Etablissements Nieuport, 9 rue de Seine, Suresnes (Seine).
+Established 1910 by the late Edouard Nieuport. Approximate capacity of
+works: about 100 machines a year. Chief designer during 1911 was Pagny,
+who has now joined the Hanriot firm.
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+             Model and date.        |       ~II N,~      |       ~II G,~      |  ~IV G, 1912-13.~  |  ~IV M, 1912-13.~  |       ~1913.~      |       ~1913.~      |       ~1913.~      |       ~1913.~
+              ~Monoplanes.~         |       ~1912.~      |       ~1912.~      |      2-seater.     |      3-seater.     |      2-seater.     |     1-seater.      |      1-seater.     |   Hydro 3-seater.
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   23-2/3    (7.20) |   23-2/3    (7.20) |   25-2/3    (7.80) |   25-2/3    (7.80) |   26-1/4       (8) |   21-3/4    (6.60) |   23           (7) |   29        (8.80)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   28-1/3    (8.65) |   28-1/3    (8.65) |   36       (10.90) |   39-1/3   (12.10) |   36          (11) |   28-1/3    (8.70) |   27-2/3    (8.40) |   40       (12.20)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |  231      (21-1/2) |  140          (13) |  156      (14-1/2) |  242      (22-1/2)
+                {machine lbs. (kgs.)|  529         (240) |  683         (310) |  771         (350) | 1058         (480) |  771         (350) |  573         (260) |  573         (260) | 1230         (558)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|     30 Nieuport    |        Gnome       |        Gnome       |        Gnome       |        Gnome       |      50 Gnome      |     30 Nieuport    |      100 Gnome
+                  {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   75         (120) |   87         (140) |   72         (117) |   72         (117) |   69         (110) |   78         (125) |   69         (110) |   72         (117)
+  ~Speed~         {                 |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |
+                  {min. m.p.h. (km.)|         ...        |   75         (120) |   69         (110) |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  Number built during 1912          |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Notes.--Early types had a _Hanriot_ style landing carriage; the 1913
+models revert to a _Bleriot_ type. Warping wings. Fuselage entirely
+enclosed, rectilineal with rounded nose.
+
+[Illustration: Nieuport. Hydro. _By favour of "Flight."_ UAS]
+
+
+
+P
+
+
+PAULHAN-CURTISS. Soc. anonyme d'aviation Paulhan, (S.A.P.) 71 boulevard
+Berthier, Paris. Flying ground: Bois d'Arcy par St. Ayr (S. et O.) Hydro
+school: Juan-les-Pins, par Antibes (Alpes Maritimes).
+
+Founded by the well-known aviator, L. Paulhan. He first produced
+biplanes, then triplanes and finally a monoplane type, the
+_Tatin-Paulhan_ (1911). These are now all abandoned, and the firm
+devotes itself to building hydro-aeroplanes under Curtiss (U.S.A.)
+license. Principal type built are:--
+
+  ------------------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+             Model and date.          |   Flying boat.   |   Flying boat.   |
+               ~Biplanes.~            |  Single-seater.  |    2-seater.     |
+  ------------------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                   feet (m.)|       ...        |   27      (8.30) |
+  ~Span~                     feet (m.)|   35-1/2 (10.80) |   37     (11.30) |
+  ~Area~                sq. feet (m².)|       ...        |  290    (26-3/4) |
+                {machine   lbs. (kgs.)|       ...        |  948       (430) |
+  ~Weight~      {                     |                  |                  |
+                {useful    lbs. (kgs.)|       ...        |       ...        |
+  ~Motor~                         h.p.|    75 Curtiss    |    85 Curtiss    |
+  ~Speed~                 m.p.h. (km.)|       ...        |       ...        |
+  Number built during 1912            |        2         |        8         |
+  ------------------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+
+
+PISCHOFF. Établissements Autoplan, 4 rue Beranger, Boulogne sur Seine
+(Seine).
+
+This firm has produced various types in the past, but at present,
+appears confined to constructing to specifications (See
+_Pischoff-Werner_ last edition).
+
+[Illustration: Paulhan-Curtiss. Flying boat.]
+
+
+
+R
+
+
+R.E.P. Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Billancourt. School: Bue. One of the
+earliest established French firms. The first to go in for steel
+construction. Reported to have amalgamated with _Breguet_ in 1912, but
+this fell through.
+
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+                 Model.              |      ~1912.~     |      ~1912.~     |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~     |      ~1913.~     |
+          ~Steel monoplanes.~        |     1-seater.    |     2-seater.    |     Military.    |     2-seater.    |    Hydro-mono.   |
+                                     |                  |                  |     3-seater.    |                  |     2-seater.    |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   25-1/3  (7.70) |   25-1/3  (7.70) |   25-1/3  (7.70) |   23         (7) |   25      (7.50) |
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   35     (10.70) |   38-1/3 (11.70) |   38-1/3 (11.70) |   36        (11) |   38-1/4 (11.60) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  215        (20) |  237        (22) |  323        (30) |  237        (22) |  323        (20) |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  882       (400) |  661       (300) |  882       (400) |  595       (270) |        ...       |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~               make and h.p.|      60 Rep.     |      66 Rep.     |      90 Rep.     |      95 Rep.     |      80 Rep.     |
+                     {max. mph. (km.)|   69       (110) |   69       (110) |   69       (110) |   78       (125) |   78       (125) |
+  ~Speed~            {               |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                     {min. mph. (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |   62       (100) |   62       (100) |
+  Number built  during 1912          |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+
+Remarks.--Steel construction. Pentagonal and triangular body. Mounted on
+wheels and skids. The hydro is on one very large central float.
+
+[Illustration: _Flight._ UAS]
+
+
+
+S
+
+
+SANCHEZ BESA. 2 avenue de Villiers, Paris.
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+            Model and date.         |      ~1912.~     |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~     |
+                                    |  Hydro-biplane.  |  Hydro-biplane.  |  Hydro-biplane.  |
+                                    |                  |                  |   (amphibious)   |
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   34     (10.40) |        ...       |   32-3/4    (10) |
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   54     (16.40) |   55-3/4    (17) |   54-3/4 (16.60) |
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  646        (60) |        ...       |  646        (60) |
+                {àvide   lbs. (kgs.)| 1984       (900) |        ...       | 1102       (500) |
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|    100 Renault   |     70 Renault   |     70 Renault   |
+  ~Speed~          max. m.p.h. (km.)|   56        (90) |        ...       |   50        (80) |
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|         5        |         5        |         6        |
+  Number built during 1912          |         3        |         1        |         1        |
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--Wood and steel construction.
+
+Controls.--Ailerons and rear elevators. Floats: The first has two and
+the second three floats. The 1913 model has a single boat body mounted
+on wheels.
+
+[Illustration: 1913 hydro.]
+
+
+SAVARY. Soc. anonyme des aeroplanes. Robert Savary, 31 rue Dunois,
+Paris. School: Chartres. Output capacity: 100 to 150 machines a year.
+
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+            Model and date.          |       ~1912.~      |       ~1912.~      |       ~1913.~
+                                     |      Biplane.      |Military (3-seater.)|      Biplane.
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   36          (11) |   33-1/2   (10.15) |   38-1/2   (11.70)
+  ~Span~                   {feet (m.)|   46          (14) |   49       (14.90) |   49-1/4      (15)
+                           {feet (m.)|   33          (10) |   37       (11.20) |   33          (10)
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  510          (48) |  533          (50) |  550          (52)
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)| 1132         (600) |         ...        | 1132         (600)
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |         ...        |          ...
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|       various      |       70 Labor     |      75 Renault
+                                     |                    |                    |   (Gnome or Labor)
+                   {max  m.p.h. (km.)|   56          (90) |         ...        |   59          (96)
+  ~Speed~          {                 |                    |                    |
+                   {min  m.p.h. (km.)|   50          (80) |         ...        |         ...
+  Number built during 1912           |         ...        |          47        |         ...
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Notes.--Wood and steel construction. _Control_: ailerons and rear
+elevator. Landing gear: wheels and skids. _Special features_: There are
+4 rudders in the gap, and 2 tractors, chain driven. Aeroplatte fabric.
+
+[Illustration: SAVARY. 1913. UAS]
+
+
+SLOAN. "Bicurve." Sloan & Cie, 17 rue de Louvre, Paris. Works: 9 rue
+Victor Hugo, Charenton. Flying ground: Port Aviation. Output capacity:
+small.
+
+  ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+        Model and date.         |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~     |
+  ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|   31-1/3  (9.50) |   29      (8.70) |
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|   42-3/4    (13) |   42-1/2 (12.90) |
+  ~Area~           sq. feet (m²)|  527        (49) |  473        (44) |
+           {machine  lbs. (kgs.)| 1100       (500) |  662       (300) |
+  ~Weight~ {                    |                  |                  |
+           {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.|     100 Gnome    |   120 Laviator   |
+  ~Speed~     {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   59        (95) |    65      (105) |
+  Number built during 1912      |        ...       |        ...       |
+  ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--Wood construction. Wheels and skids landing gear. _Control_:
+ailerons and rear elevator.
+
+[Illustration: Sloan.]
+
+
+SOMMER. Ateliers Roger Sommer, Mouzon, Ardennes. Flying grounds: Douzy,
+Mourmelon, Vidammé.
+
+                                                  ~Monoplanes.~                                                    ~Biplanes.~
+                                      /-----------------^-----------------\ /-------------------------------------------^------------------------------------------------\
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+            Model and date.          |     ~E 1912.~    |     ~1913.~      |     ~K 1912.~    |     ~R 1912.~    |     ~S 1912.~    |     ~L 1912.~    |     ~R3 1913.~
+                                     |                  |                  |  Single seater.  |   2 or 3-seater  |                  |                  |   2 or 3-seater
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   22      (6.70) |   23         (7) |   39-1/4    (12) |   36        (11) |   31      (9.50) |   29-1/2     (9) |   38-2/3 (11.70)
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   28-1/2  (8.70) |   26-1/4     (8) |   39-1/4    (12) |   51     (15.50) |   42     (12.80) |   39-1/4    (12) |   46        (14)
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  172        (16) |  172        (16) |  215        (20) |  533        (50) |  350        (32) |        ...       |  575        (54)
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  595       (270) |  617       (280) |  617       (280) |  992       (450) |  597       (275) |  639       (290) |  882       (400)
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |         ...
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|     50 Anzani    |     50 Gnome     |      Various     |      Various     |      Various     |      Various     |      70 Renault
+                                     |      or Gnome    |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                  {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   84       (135) |   84       (135) |   61        (98) |   50        (80) |   57        (92) |   56        (90) |   56        (90)
+  ~Speed~         {                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                  {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|   67       (108) |   65       (105) |   53        (85) |        ...       |   53        (84) |        ...       |         ...
+  ~Endurance~                    hrs.|         4        |         4        |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |         ...
+  Number built during 1912           |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |         ...
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  Wood and steel construction. Landing: carriage                           |Wood and steel construction. Landing: wheels and skids.
+  wheels. _Control_: warping and rear elevator.                            |_Control_: ailerons and front rear elevator.
+  Rectangular body.                                                        |
+  -------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+[Illustration: SOMMER. UAS]
+
+
+
+T
+
+
+TRAIN. E. Train, Buoy, Camp de Chalons (Marne).
+
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+            Model and date.          |     1-seater.    |     2-seater.    |    Hydro-mono.   |
+             ~Monoplanes.~           |                  |                  |                  |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   26-1/4     (8) |   26-1/4     (8) |   26-1/4     (8) |
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   30-3/4  (9.30) |   35     (10.66) |   42-1/2 (12.94) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  172        (16) |  215        (20) |        ...       |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  573       (260) |  617       (280) |        ...       |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                  |                  |                  |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|       ...        |        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|   30/60 Anzani   |     70 Gnome     |     80 Gnome     |
+                  {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   59        (95) |   65       (105) |        ...       |
+  ~Speed~         {                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                  {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|   47        (75) |        ...       |        ...       |
+  Number built during 1912           |       ...        |        ...       |        ...       |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--Steel construction. Landing: carriage wheels and skids.
+_Control_: warping and rear elevator. The hydro has one very large float
+which extends a considerable distance ahead of the tractor.
+
+[Illustration: TRAIN. UAS]
+
+
+TUBAVION. Ponche & Primaud, Long.
+
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+
+             Model and date.         |    Monoplane.    |
+                                     |      ~1913.~     |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   29      (8.85) |
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   29-1/2     (9) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  194        (18) |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  772       (350) |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                  |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|      70 Gnome    |
+  ~Speed~           max. m.p.h. (km.)|   65       (105) |
+  Number built during 1912           |         1        |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--Tubular steel construction. Landing: wheels and 2 very long
+skids. Propeller: amidships.
+
+[Illustration: TUBAVION. UAS]
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+VINET. Gaston Vinet, 41-47 quai de Seine, Courbevoie: also 2-8 rue
+Larnac. Established for automobile work, 1893. Aeroplane output
+capacity: small.
+
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+            Model and date.          |      Type ~D~      |       ~1913.~      |
+                                     |    ~1912~ mono.    |       Mono.        |
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   21-1/2    (6.60) |   21        (6.40) |
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   28-1/2    (8.60) |   28        (8.50) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  162          (15) |  162          (15) |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  550         (250) |  440         (200) |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...         |         ...        |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|     50 Gnome       |      50 Gnome      |
+  ~Speed~            max m.p.h. (km.)|   56          (90) |   60          (95) |
+  Number built during 1912           |         6          |         ...        |
+  -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+
+Notes.--Wood construction. Landing wheels and skids. _Control_: warping
+and rear elevator. Rectangular body. The two types are practically
+identical.
+
+[Illustration: VINET. Type D. UAS]
+
+
+VOISIN. Voisin Aéroplanes, Boulevard Gambetta, Issy le Molineux,
+(Seine). School: Mourmelon. Capital 1,000,000 francs. The oldest
+aeroplane firm in the world, founded by the Brothers Voisin in 1905.
+(See past editions).
+
+Latest models are:
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+                                    |      Military      |                    |      Military      |
+            Model and date.         |      biplane.      |   Hydro-biplane.   |      biplane.      |
+                                    |    Model ~1912.~   |    Model ~1912.~   |    Model ~1913.~   |
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   37-3/4   (11.50) |   36          (11) |   32-3/4      (10) |
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   55-3/4      (17) |   43-1/4   (13.50) |   45-1/3   (13.80) |
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  387          (36) |  376          (35) |  398          (37) |
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1367         (620) | 1212         (550) | 1102         (500) |
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                    |                    |                    |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  772         (350) |  661         (300) |  794         (360) |
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|     70 Renault     |      100 Gnome     |      80 Gnome      |
+                  {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   62         (100) |   62         (100) |   65         (105) |
+  ~Speed~         {                 |                    |                    |                    |
+                  {min. m.p.h. (km.)|         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |
+  Number built during 1912          |          47        |          8         |         ...        |
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
+
+[Illustration: Canard with floats. _By favour of "Aeronautics,"
+U.S.A._]
+
+
+
+Z
+
+
+ZODIAC. Société Zodiac, 10 route du Havre, Puteaux _pres_ Paris (Seine).
+Aero park: St. Cyr l'Ecole _pres_ Versailles. Established 1896. Capital
+850,000 francs.
+
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+
+            Model and date.          |       ~S2.~      |
+                                     |      ~1913.~     |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   38-3/4 (11.75) |
+                           {feet (m.)|   49        (15) |
+  ~Span~                   {         |                  |
+                           {feet (m.)|   36        (11) |
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  350        (32) |
+                {machine  lbs. (kgs.)| 1010       (460) |
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                  |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|  551       (250) |
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|     50 Gnome     |
+  ~Speed~          max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   59        (95) |
+  Number built during 1912           |       ...        |
+  -----------------------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--Wood construction. _Control_: Ailerons and 1 rear elevator.
+Upper planes staggered 30 in advance of lower. Quadrilateral fuselage.
+Piloted passenger side by side. Landing carriage: 2 wheels and 1 skid.
+Aeroplatte fabric.
+
+The 1912 model was practically the same.
+
+[Illustration: ZODIAC. UAS]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+FRENCH DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+                                          ~Military.~
+  ---------------+----------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+-------------+------------------
+                 |                      |             |       | Capacity |      |    Speed.   |
+        Date.    |       Name.          |    Make.    | Type. |  in m³.  | H.P. | m.p.h.  (K) |   Notes.
+  ---------------+----------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+-------------+------------------
+        1909     | ~LIBERTÉ~            |   Lebaudy   |  s.r. |   4800   |  120 | 28     (45) |
+                 |                      |             |       |          |      |             |
+        1910     | ~COL. RENARD~        |    Astra    |  n.r. |   4100   |  100 | 30     (50) |
+                 |                      |             |       |          |      |             |
+        1911     | ~ADJUTANT REAU~      |   Astra 10  |  n.r. |   8950   |  220 | 32     (53) |
+         "       | ~LIEUT. CHAURE~      |   Astra 11  |  n.r. |   8950   |  220 | 32     (53) |
+         "       | ~ADJ. VINCENNOT~     | C. Bayard 4 |  n.r. |   7500   |   75 | 29     (48) |
+         "       | ~SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP~ |   Lebaudy   |  s.r. |   8000   |   75 | 30     (50) |
+         "       | ~CAPT. MARÉCHAL~     |   Lebaudy   |  s.r. |   7500   |  160 |             |
+         "       | ~LE TEMPS~           |  Zodiac  9  |  n.r. |   2500   |   75 | 29     (48) |
+         "       | ~CAPT. FERBER~       |  Zodiac 10  |  n.r. |   6000   |  180 | 33     (54) |
+         "       | ~COMDT. COUTELLE~    |  Zodiac 11  |  n.r. |   9000   |  380 | 37     (60) |
+                 |                      |             |       |          |      |             |
+        1912     | ~SPIESS~             |  Zodiac 12  |   r.  |  11000   |  400 | 40     (65) |
+         "       | ~FLEURUS~            | C. Bayard 5 |  n.r. |   6500   |  150 | 36     (58) |
+         "       | ~ECLAIREUR CONTÉ~    |   Astra 12  |  n.r. |   6640   |   75 | 28     (46) |
+         "       | ~DUPUY DE LÔME~      | C. Bayard 6 |  n.r. |   9700   |  244 | 35-1/2 (58) |
+                 |                      |             |       |          |      |             |
+  _Building_     | _A_                  |    Astra    |}      |          |      |             |
+                 | _B_                  | C. Bayard 7 |}      |          |      |             |
+                 | _C_                  |   Lebaudy   |}      |   17000  | 1000 | 43-1/2 (70) |
+                 | _D_                  |  Zodiac 13  |}  ?   |          |      |             |
+                 |                      |             |}      |          |      |             |
+    _Pro._       | _7 new_ 20,000 c.m.  |             |}      |          |      |             |
+  ---------------+----------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+-------------+------------------
+
+
+~Military sheds~ at Belfert, Epinal, Maubenge, Reims, Toul, Verdun (2).
+--Total 7.
+
+
+During the year 1912 the principal work done was as follows:--
+
+  -----------------+------------+---------------------+------------
+                   | Hours out. | Distance travelled. | Gas used.
+       Name.       |            |  m.           (km.) |    m³
+  -----------------+------------+---------------------+------------
+  _C. Ferber_      |   152      | 3540         (5900) |   45,500
+  _Adj. Reau_      |   105-1/2  | 2310         (3845) |   81,000
+  _Dupuy de Lôme_  |   100      | 2655         (4424) |   66,500
+  _Adj. Vincennot_ |    55      | 1340         (2235) |   50,000
+  _Le Temps_       |    23      |  440          (700) |    9,000
+  _Fleurus_        |     3-3/4  |  100          (159) |   19,000
+  -----------------+------------+---------------------+------------
+
+
+~Army Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Airault, F.
+  Balny D'Avricourt
+  Baudry, A.
+  Bayard de Mendoca
+  Clerget, P.
+  Cohen, A.
+  Herbster, M.
+  Hirschaner, Col.
+  Juchmès, G.
+  Mugnier, Capt.
+  Noe, Martial
+  Périssé, Y.
+  Renard, Col. P.
+  Roussel, A.
+  Schelcher, A.
+
+Note.--There are no dirigibles attached to the Navy.
+
+
+                                     ~Private.~
+  ------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------+------+-----------------+----------------
+        |                    |          |       | Capacity |      |      Speed.     |
+  Date. |     Name.          |   Make.  | Type. |  in m³.  | H.P. | m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks.
+  ------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------+------+-----------------+----------------
+  1909  | ~ASTRA~            |  Astra 7 |  n.r. |   4475   |  100 | 27         (43) |
+        |                    |          |       |          |      |                 |
+  1909  | ~ZODIAC III~       | Zodiac 3 |  n.r. |   1400   |   40 | 28         (45) |
+        |                    |          |       |          |      |                 |
+  1911  | ~ASTRA TORRES~     |   Astra  |  n.r. |   1930   |   55 | 34         (56) |
+        |                    |          |       |          |      |                 |
+  1912  | ~TRANSAERIENNE II~ | Astra 13 |  n.r. |   9000   |  350 | 34         (56) |
+  ------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------+------+-----------------+----------------
+
+
+~Private sheds~ at Chalons-s-Marre, Issy (2), Lamotte-Breuil, Meaux,
+Melun, Mousson, Reims, Pau, St. Cyr (2).--Total 11.
+
+32 sheds are building or projected by the National Aviation Committee.
+
+
+~Private Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Capazza, Louis
+  Godart, Louis
+  Julliott, Henri
+  Kapferer, Henri
+  La Vaulx (de) Compte
+  Santo-Dumont, Albert
+  Surcouf, Edward
+
+
+=ASTRA CLASS.=
+
+Astra Societe de Constructions Aeronautique, 13, Rue Couchot, and 121,
+Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt.
+
+This Society was founded by Surcouf for the production of ordinary
+balloons. The first dirigible work was building part of the old
+_Lebaudy_ in 1903, followed in 1906 by the _Ville de Paris_. The total
+number of dirigibles of this type completed by the end of 1912 stood at
+14, one very large dirigible in hand for the French Army, and one small
+one for the British Navy, and another for the Russian Army.
+
+Owing to changes in names, or owing to two names getting supplied to one
+ship, confusion frequently exists as to the names of the Astra
+dirigibles. The correct list is as follows:--
+
+  1. Part of the LEBAUDY                          1903
+  2. VILLE DE PARIS                               1906
+  3. VILLE DE BORDEAUX                            1908
+  4. VILLE DE NANCY                               1909
+  5. Russian Military dirigible, KOMMISSIONNY,}
+          originally known as CLEMENT-BAYARD I}   1909
+  6. COLONEL RENARD                               1909
+  7. ASTRA-TRANSAERIENNE-VILLE DE PAU-VILLE}
+          DE LUCERNE[C]                    }      1909
+  8. ESPANA (Spanish Military)                    1909
+  9. VILLE DE BRUXELLES                           1910
+ 10. LIEUT. CHAURE (French Military)              1911
+ 11. ADJUTANT RÉAU (French Military)              1911
+ 12. ECLAIREUR CONTÉ (French Military)            1912
+ 13. TRANSAERIENNE II                             1912
+ 14. ASTRA-TORRES I                               1911
+
+
+The general features of the _Astra_ class are: Non-rigid, weights
+distributed by means of a long girder hung under the gas bags, a long
+nacelle, and inflated stabilising shapes at the rear end of the balloon.
+
+The _Astra-Torres_ type are also non-rigid, but of trefoil section with
+a short nacelle.
+
+The Compagnie Generale Transaerienne was first established in 1909 with
+_Transaerienne I_, and during the summers 1909, 1910 and 1911, this ship
+made a total of 273 ascents, carried 2590 passengers, and voyaged 7990
+kilometres.
+
+The Astra firm has dirigible hangers at Issy, Pau, Meaux, and Reims. Its
+constructional capacity is sufficient to build six dirigibles at any one
+time.
+
+
+"ASTRA I-TRANSAERIEN-VILLE DE PAU-VILLE DE LUCERNE" (1909).
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 197 feet (60 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 40 feet (12.20
+m.) ~volume,~ 158,000 c. feet (4,475 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--Just over 7 tons=15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) ~Useful lift,~
+lbs. ( kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Continental rubbered fabric, yellow.
+
+~Motor.~--One 90-100 C. Bayard.
+
+~Speed.~--27 m.p.h. (43 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--One.
+
+[Illustration: SIDE ELEVATION]
+
+
+COLONEL RENARD. Military (1909).
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 213 feet (65 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 35 feet (10.50
+m.) ~volume,~ 145,000 c. feet (4,200 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--9,921 lbs. (4,500 kgs.)=about 4-1/2 tons.
+
+~Gas bags.~--Yellow coloured rubber proofed Continental fabric.
+
+~Motor.~--One 110 h.p. 4-cylinder Panhard.
+
+~Speed.~--29 m.p.h.
+
+~Propellers.~--1, at the front end of the car. "Integrale."
+
+~Steering.~--Elevators.
+
+Remarks.--The two side stabilising shapes are duplicated, as they were
+in the _Ville de Paris_. A webbing stretched on steel tubes is
+introduced between the inner edges of the 4 main stabilising shapes to
+provide extra stabilising surface.
+
+[Illustration: COLONEL RENARD. UDS
+
+Note.--An elevator aft has since been added.]
+
+Improved _Col. Renard's_ are:--
+
+LIEUT. CHAURE. Military (1911).
+
+ADJUTANT RÉAU. Military (1911)
+
+TRANSAERIEN II (1911).
+
+Particulars of these are as follows:--
+
+  --------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------
+                      |       _Lieut. Chaure._      |      _Adjutant Reau._      |      _Transaerien II._
+  --------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------
+  ~Length~            |    275-1/2 feet (83.8 m.)   |     285 feet (86.78 m.)    |      250 feet (76.25 m.)
+  ~Diameter~          |        46 feet (14 m.)      |       46 feet (14 m.)      |        46 feet (14 m.)
+  ~Volume~            | 312,550 c. ft. (8,850 m³.)  | 314,000 c. ft. (8950 m³.)  | 318,000 c. ft. (9,000 m³.)
+  ~Motors~            |   2 Panhard, each 110 h.p.  |   2 Brasier, each 110 h.p. |      2 of 175 h.p. each
+  ~Speed~ (p.h.)      |        32 m. (53 km.)       |       32 m. (53 km.)       |        34 m. (56 km.)
+  --------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------
+
+Notes.--All have 1 propeller forward of 6 m. diameter, and 2 aft of 3.70
+m. The _Lieut. Chaure's_ empeunage is by ballonets; in the other two a
+cellular system and automatic stabilisation are the special feature.
+
+  +----------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                                                          |
+  | Appearance practically the same as for _Colonel Renard_. |
+  |                                                          |
+  +----------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+ÉCLAIREUR CONTÉ. Military. (1912)
+
+Nominal volume, 6,500 m³.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length,~ 213 feet (65 m.) ~diameter,~ 46 feet (14 m.) ~volume,~ 234,500
+c. feet (6,640 m³.)
+
+~Ballonets.~--Volume, 71,770 c. feet (2,032 m³) empeunage: cellular.
+
+~Nacelle.~--Length, 115 feet (35 m.) Breadth, 5-1/2 feet (1.60 m.)
+Height _about_ 6 feet (2-1.50 m.)
+
+~Motor.~--2 Chenu, 80 h.p. Hele-Shaw clutch.
+
+~Speed.~--_About_ 28 m.p.h. (43-45 km.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--2 central aft, each of 4 m. (13 feet) diameter. 650
+r.p.m.
+
+~Empeunage.~--Cellular, Stabilisation automatic.
+
+Notes.--In this type the usual Astra style, rear of gas bag, is entirely
+done away with. Surface of each elevator is 18m², of the rudder 33m².
+There are 2 petrol reservoirs, each of 180 litre capacity.
+
+~Weights.~
+
+                      lbs.   (kgs.)
+  Crew                838     (380)
+  Details            1367     (620)
+  Tools, etc.         220     (100)
+  "Lest d'altitude"  2205    (1000)
+     "    securité    661     (300)
+                     ----    ------
+  Total              5291    (2400)
+
+
+ASTRA-TORRES I.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length,~ 157 feet (47.72 m.) ~diameter,~ 33 feet (10 m.) ~volume,~
+68,150 c. feet (1,930 m³.)
+
+~Ballonets.~--Volume, 11,300 c. feet (320 m³.)
+
+~Nacelle.~--Length, 18 feet (5.50 m.) Breadth, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Height,
+6-1/2 feet (2 m.)
+
+~Useful lift.~--1,219 lbs. (553 kgs.)
+
+~Motor.~--1 Chenu, 55 h.p., at 1,380 r.p.m. Clutch, Ruban.
+
+~Speed.~--31 m.p.h. (50 km.) ~Endurance~ _about_ 5 hours.
+
+~Propeller.~--1 in rear of nacelle. Diameter, 14-3/4 feet (4.50 m.)
+
+Notes.--The special feature of this type is that it is constructed in
+three lobes, two below and one above. This particular ship is merely
+experimental, and is known as a "Vedette." Three models of it are to be
+obtained, (1) this 55 h.p. of 1,930 m³. volume. (2) a 75 h.p. of 2,000
+m³. nominal volume. (3) a 110 h.p. of from 3,000-3,500 m³. volume. This
+latter is designed to have two propellers instead of one.
+
+Larger editions of the type are also projected as follows:--
+
+  ~"Scouts:"~ 4500-6300 m³. of 200 h.p. (2 motors.)
+  ~"Transaeriens:"~ 7,000-8,000 m³. of 400 h.p. (2 motors.)
+  ~"Dreadnoughts:"~ 12,000 m³. or so, of 750 h.p. (4 motors.)
+
+[Illustration: UDS]
+
+
+=CLEMENT-BAYARD CLASS.=
+
+Usines Clement-Bayard, 33, quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine).
+
+These dirigibles closely resemble the _Astra_ class in some main
+particulars; but (excepting _I_) differ from them in the sharp sterns
+and absence of stabilisers on stern.
+
+The ships of this class are:--
+
+  1 CLEMENT-BAYARD I (Kommissionny)          Russian Military
+  2      "         II                        British Military (wrecked)
+  3      "
+  4      "         IV (_Adjutant Vincennot_) French Military
+  5      "         V (_Fleurus_)                     "
+  6      "         VI                        Private
+  7      "         VII                       French Military (_building_),
+                                                To be of 17,000 m³.
+
+
+ADJUTANT VINCENNOT. Military. (1911.) (Clement-Bayard IV.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 251 feet (76.50 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 43 feet
+(13.22 m.) ~volume,~ 7,500 m³.
+
+~Total lift.~--Nearly 8 tons (8,000 kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ 2-3/4 tons
+(2717 kgs.)
+
+~Gasbags.~--Continental rubbered fabric. Weight, 380 grammes per m².
+Strength 1,000 kg. per metre. Leakage under 10 litres per m² per 24
+hours.
+
+~Motors.~--2 Clement motors, 4-cylinder, of 130 h.p., each placed on
+either side of the motor space.
+
+~Speed.~--35 m.p.h. (56 km.)
+
+~Propellers.~--2 Chauvière. Diameter, 19-3/4 feet (6 m.) Placed one on
+either side of the motors, well above the level.
+
+~Steering.~--Vertical steering by means of a treble horizontal rudder
+over the rear end of the car. Horizontal steering by means of 2 vertical
+rudders placed one on each side of the rear horizontal rudder.
+
+Remarks.--The feature of this _C.B._ type, which distinguishes it from
+the Astra ships of about the same size, is the arrangement of the
+propellers and the use of a 2 speed gear in connection with these.
+Normally each motor drives its own propeller through two sets of gearing
+connected by a Cardan shaft. On stopping one motor, the stopped motor is
+unclutched from its propeller shaft, which is then connected up by chain
+drive to the opposite shaft. The running motor is then put on to a "low
+gear," so that it can make the revolutions necessary for obtaining full
+power, while the propellers run slower than before. The ratio of "low
+gear" to "high" is 2 to 1, so that a single motor will be running under
+its best conditions when well throttled down.
+
+A sister, _C. Bayard II_ was sold to the British Army, and wrecked or
+dismantled, 1911.
+
+LIST OF WEIGHTS.
+
+                                         kgs.
+  Gas bag                               1,350
+  Valves (4)                               45
+  Suspension                              195
+  Girder (complete with fittings)
+    Bow portion (6 m. long.)              128
+    Engine room (2.5 m.)                1,390
+    Bridge and passenger space (12 m.)    957
+    After part (18 m.)                    182
+    Raised tail (4.5 m.)                   63
+  2 Propeller brackets                    378
+  2 Propellers                            230
+  Rudders                                 150
+  Water                                   140
+  Trail ropes                              75
+                                        -----
+     Total                              5,283
+     Lift                               8,000
+                                        -----
+  Balance, for ballast fuel, oil, crew  2,717
+
+
+FLEURUS. Military. (C.B. V.) (1912.)
+
+C. BAYARD VI. (Private.) (1913.)
+
+These two are slightly smaller sisters of the _Adjutant Vincennot_.
+
+
+=LEBAUDY CLASS.=
+
+Ateliers Lebaudy Frères, Moisson, par La Roche-Guyon (Seine-et-Oise).
+
+~DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS:~
+
+The cars are short and suspended from a long keel which is suspended
+close up to the gas bag, and is mostly covered in with fireproof canvas.
+
+The rear end of the keel is expanded into fixed vertical and horizontal
+fins, and carries a vertical and a horizontal rudder.
+
+The rear end of the gas bag is fitted with thin fixed planes (compare
+with the pear shaped or tubular fins of the "Astra" class).
+
+The cars are provided underneath with an extraordinarily strong conical
+structure, which takes the shock of striking the ground and distributes
+it over the whole car.
+
+Aeroplanes are now fitted, one each side of the keel, well forward.
+
+Ships of this class which have been built:--
+
+     ~LEBAUDY I~                      ~French Military Airship.~    Rebuilt 1909 into _Lebaudy II_.                      }    now
+  1. ~LEBAUDY II~                            "         "            Original _Lebaudy I_ rebuilt.  ~Known as~ _Le Jaune_.} discarded
+  2. ~PATRIE~                                                       Lost in a storm.
+  3. ~REPUBLIQUE~                     ~French Military Airship.~    Wrecked Autumn, 1909.
+  4. ~LA RUSSIE~                      ~Sold to Russian Government.~ Now _Lebed_.
+  5. ~LIBERTÉ~                        ~French Military Airship.~
+  6. ~CAPITAINE MARECHAL~                   "         "
+  7. ~"MORNING POST"~                 ~British Military.~           (_Lebaudy III._) Wrecked 1911
+  8. ~LIEUT. SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP.~     ~French Military Airship.~
+  9. New ship of 17,000 m³ building.       "         "
+
+To Lebaudy designs:--
+
+     ~ONE~                            ~Austrian Military Airship.~
+
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                                    |                  | ~CAPITAINE~      | ~SELLE DE~       |   New ship.
+                Name                |  ~LIBERTÉ~       | ~MARÉCHAL.~      |~BEAUCHAMP.~      |  _Building._
+                Date                |   ~1909.~        |   ~1911.~        |   ~1911.~        |  ~1913-14.~
+                Service             |     Military.    |     Military.    |     Military.    |     Military.
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Volume~              c. feet (m³)|       4800       |       7500       |       8000       |      17,000
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|  220        (67) |  279        (85) |  292        (89) |
+  ~Diameter~               feet (m.)|   35-1/2 (10.80) |   42     (12.80) |   48     (14.00) |
+                        {fabric     |      Lebaudy     |      Lebaudy     |      Lebaudy     |
+  ~Gasbags~             {           |                  |                  |                  |
+                        {ballonets  |         1        |        ...       |        ...       |
+                  {total        tons|       4-1/2      |        ...       |         9        |
+  ~Lift~          {                 |                  |                  |                  |
+                  {useful       tons|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motors~                      h.p.|  1--135 Panhard  |   2--80 Panhard  |   2--80 Panhard  |
+                    {number         |      2 wood      |      2 wood      |      2 wood      |
+  ~Propellers~      {blades         |         2        |         2        |         2        |
+                    {diam. feet (m.)|        ...       |     16-1/2 (5)   |    16-1/2 (5)    |
+  ~Speed~          max. m.p.h. (km.)|   31        (50) |   28        (45) |   28        (45) |
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Complement~                      |        ...       |        ...       |         5        |
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: LIBERTE.]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+=ZODIAC CLASS.=
+
+Société française de ballons dirigeables et d'aviation, Zodiac, 10 route
+du Havre, Puteaux (Seine).
+
+These dirigibles were intended primarily for private pleasure purposes.
+Consequently they are designed to fly when filled with coal gas if
+necessary.
+
+Every effort is made to render them easily transportable; the long
+girder frame by which the weight is distributed is made to take to
+pieces.
+
+It is held in France that numbers of this class of vessel would form an
+invaluable asset in time of war, as each could be transported in a
+single cart, filled with a very few bottles of hydrogen, and when so
+filled could man[oe]uvre for some 6 hours at a speed which compares
+favourably with that of the standard types.
+
+When the service of reconnaissance was performed, the vessel could be
+packed up and sent out of harm's way in an hour, whereas this could
+scarcely be done with a larger vessel on account of the quantity of
+hydrogen that would be required if it had to be filled afresh for each
+service. The mooring of an airship in the open during war requires such
+an amount of preparation and attention as to be a serious drawback to
+the alternative plan of keeping such vessels unfilled, while the sending
+of an airship back to its distant shed on each occasion means doubling
+the work that the ship is called upon to perform.
+
+Ships of class are:--
+
+  1.  ZODIAC I  (_Petit Journal_)
+  2.    "    II  (_De la Vaulx_)
+  3     "    III
+  4     "    IV          Dutch Military
+  5.    "    V           South American (private)
+  6.    "    VI          Sold to United States
+  7     "    VII         Sold to Russian Army
+  8.    "    VIII            "         "
+  9.    "    IX (_Le Temps_)    French Army
+  10.   "    X (_Capitaine Ferber_)     "
+  11.   "    XI (_Commandant Coutelle_) "
+  12.   "    XII (_Spiess_)             "  (rigid)
+
+
+ZODIAC III.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 134 feet (40.8 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 28 feet (8.5 m.)
+~volume,~ 1,400 m³.
+
+~Total lift.~--1-1/2 tons (1,540 kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ lbs. ( kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Light continental rubbered fabric.
+
+~Motor.~--Ballot, 4-cylinder, 40-45 h.p., 1,200 r.p.m.
+
+~Speed.~-- m.p.h. (45 km.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--Driven at 600 r.p.m. Integral type, 12-1/4 feet (3.75 m.)
+in diameter. Pitch, 6-1/2 feet (2 m.) in rear of the car.
+
+~Steering.~--Vertical balanced rudder in rear of the vertical fin, under
+the rear of the gas bag. Double elevator above the fore end of the car.
+Horizontal fins of material spread on iron frames on either side of the
+rear end of the car.
+
+Remarks.--The car consists of a 130 feet (40 m.) long wooden girder,
+which can be divided into 4 separate parts of 13 feet (4 m.) each. The
+suspension is by steel wires fitted with adjusting screws at the lower
+ends and toggles at the upper ends, by which they connect to the crows'
+feet which are sewn to the suspension strips.
+
+[Illustration: ZODIAC III.]
+
+DETAILED WEIGHTS OF _ZODIAC III._
+
+                                          kgs.               lbs.
+  Gas bag (_including_ ballonet)          330                727-1/2
+  Valves                                   12                 26-1/2
+  Suspension wires and gear                15                 33
+  Tail fins                                24                 53
+  Horizontal rudder                        10                 22
+  Vertical rudder                          10                 22
+  Girder car                              168                370-1/4
+  Motor (_including_ pump, magneto,
+      lubricating gear, etc.)             275                606-1/4
+  Motor bearer and gear                    22                 48-1/2
+  Petrol tank                              10                 22
+  Radiator                                 25                 55
+  Reduction gearing                        12                 26-1/2
+  Shafting                                 15                 33
+  Fan                                       9                 20
+  Steering gear                             5                 11
+  Water                                     8                 17-3/4
+  Petrol                                   20                 44
+  Miscellaneous: 4 men                    300                661
+                                          ---                ---
+  Total                                 1,270              2,800 _about_
+  Ballast                                 270                595
+                                        -----              -----
+  Total weight                          1,540   Total lift 3,395
+
+
+LE TEMPS. Military. (_Alias ~ZODIAC IX.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 164 feet (50.25 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 29-1/2 feet (9
+m.) ~volume~, 81,250 cubic feet (2,300 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--
+
+~Gas bag, etc.~--2 ballonets, each of 257 m³.
+
+~Motor~.--Dansette-Gillet. 60 h.p.
+
+~Propellers~.--2, chain driven, one on either side of car.
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+~Steering.~--Elevator in _nacelle_ amidships. Rudder aft.
+
+Remarks.--
+
+[Illustration: LE TEMPS. UDS.]
+
+
+CAPITAINE FERBER. Military. (_Alias ~ZODIAC X.)
+
+~Maximum length,~ 249-1/3 feet (76 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 40-1/2 feet
+(12.36 m.) ~volume,~ 6,000 m³.
+
+This ship has 2 ballonets of 650 m³. each, and a car 35×13×2 m., made up
+of 5 sections. 2 ~motors~. Dansette-Gillette, 90 h.p., each actuating 2
+propellers (4-bladed), geared to 500 r.p.m. Carries petrol for 15 hours
+work. Completed 1911.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo, Branger._]
+
+[Illustration: CAPITAINE FERBER. UDS.]
+
+
+COMMANDANT COUTELLE. Military. (ZODIAC XI.)
+
+  +-------------------------------+
+  |                               |
+  | (Enlarged _Captaine Ferber_.) |
+  |          _Building._          |
+  |                               |
+  +-------------------------------+
+
+~Maximum length,~ 292 feet (89 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 46 feet (14 m.)
+~volume,~ 9,000 m³.
+
+~Gas bags, etc.~--2 ballonnets, each 45,900 c. feet (1,300 m³.)
+
+~Nacelle.~--Nickel steel in 5 sections. Length, 131-1/4 (40 m.) Width,
+4-1/2 feet (1.30 m.) Hung 16-1/2 feet (5 m.) below the balloon. Pilot in
+centre. Carries a total crew of six, petrol and oil for 15 hours'
+continuous work at full power.
+
+~Motors.~--2, each of 190 h.p.=total of 380 h.p. Placed one at either
+end of the nacelle.
+
+~Propellers.~--4, of 15 feet (4.50 m.) diameter. Two geared to each
+motor to half engine speed.
+
+~Speed~ (expected).--37 m.p.h. (60 k.p.h.)
+
+
+ZODIAC XII. Rigid. Military. (SPIESS.)
+
+[Illustration: Spiess. _Building._ _Photo, Branger._]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 341 feet (104 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 42-3/4 feet (13
+m.) ~volume,~ 11,000 m³.
+
+~Gas bags.~--Sections 11. Number of cylindrical sections 8. Number of
+sides to polygon 14.
+
+~Motors.~--Two 6-cylinder 200 h.p. in each nacelle, each driving 2
+propellers of 15 feet (4.50 m.) diameter.
+
+~Speed.~ (expected)--40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+GERMAN.
+
+(By our special German editor.)
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:--~
+
+     _Deutsche Luftfahrer Zeitschrift fur Luftschffahr_ Berlin, W.
+     (Fortnightly).
+
+     _Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung_, Berlin (Weekly).
+
+     _Automobil Welt_, Berlin (Thrice Weekly).
+
+     _Das Deutsche Auto_, Munich (Weekly).
+
+     _Die Luftflotte_, Berlin (Monthly).
+
+     _Internationale Revue für Autowesen & Aviatik_, Leipzig
+     (Fortnightly).
+
+     _Flugsport_, Frankfurt (Fortnightly).
+
+     _Motor_, Berlin (Monthly).
+
+     _Der Motorwagen_, Berlin (Thrice Monthly).
+
+     _Monatshefte der Reichsfliegerstiftung_, Charlottenburg (Monthly).
+
+     _Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik & Motorluftschiffahrt,_ Berlin
+     (Fortnightly).
+
+
+~Private Flying Grounds~ (Military see further on):--
+
+     ~Adlershof,~ Teil des Flugfeldes Johannisthal (_Wright_ School).
+
+     ~Bork,~ Post Brück in der Mark (_Mars_ School).
+
+     ~Burg bei Magdeburg~ (_Schulze_ School).
+
+     ~Darmstadt~ (Truppenübungsplatz).
+
+     ~Dotzheim bei Wiesbaden.~
+
+     ~Frankfurt a.M.~ (_August Euler_).
+
+     ~Fühlungen bei Köln~ (Kölner Club für Flugsport).
+
+     ~Garching b. München~ (_Hoffman-Harlan_).
+
+     ~Griesheim b. Frankfurt a.M.~ (Frankfurter Flugsport-Club &
+     Flugtechn. Verein).
+
+     ~Habsheim b. Mülhausen i.E.~ (_Aviatik_).
+
+     ~Hainberg b. Nürnberg~ (Flugtechn. Ges. Nürnberg-Fürth).
+
+     ~Hamburg~ (_Grade_).
+
+     ~Holten. Niederrh. Verein f.L.~ (_Hilsmann_).
+
+     ~Johannisthal b. Berlin~ Flugschule _Albatros, Dorner, Harlan,
+     Fokker, Luftverkehrs-ges. m.b.H., _Rumpler & Wright_.
+
+     ~Kitzingen in Bayern,~ 1911 (Hildebrand & Schroth).
+
+     ~Lindenthal b. Leipzig.~ (School for Deutschen Flugzengwerke).
+
+     ~Loddenheide b. Münster.~
+
+     ~Meerheimb b. Köln.~
+
+     ~Milbertshofen b. München~ (Dr. Wittenstein).
+
+     ~Neuenlande b. Bremen~ (_Müller-Aviatik_, Bremer v.t.L.)
+
+     ~Niederwalluf,~ 1911 (_Goedecker_).
+
+     ~Oberwiesenfeld bei München~ (_Gustav Otto_).
+
+     ~Puchheim b. München.~
+
+     ~Reichenberg-Boxdorf b. Dresden.~
+
+     ~Schneverdingen~ (_Oertz_).
+
+     ~Schulzendorf b. Berlin~ (_A.E.G._)
+
+     ~Strassburg i.E.,~ "Polygon" (E.E.C. _Mathis_).
+
+     ~Suechteln.~
+
+     ~Teltow bei Berlin.~
+
+     ~Velten bei Berlin~ (_A.E.G._)
+
+     ~Wandsbek,~ Exerzierplatz, 1911 (_Rumpler_ und Jordan).
+
+     ~Weimar~ (_Wright_).
+
+     ~Wustenbrand b. Chemnitz~ (Flugtechn. Ges. in Chemnitz).
+
+     ~Zahlbach b. Mainz~ (School for Aut. & Flugtechnik).
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:--~
+
+     Aachener V. f. L. Aix la Chapelle.
+
+     Aero Club (Imperial), 3, Nollenderfplatz, Berlin. Sec.: H. Von
+     Frankenberg und Ludwigsdorf.
+
+     Akademie für Aviatik, Munich.
+
+     Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club, Munich.
+
+     Anhaltischer V. f. L. (E. U.) M. Antoineatten str. 22a, Dessau.
+
+     Augsburger Verein für Luftschiffahrt, Augsburg.
+
+     Automobil-und Flugtechnische-Gesellschaft (E. V.) Nurnberger Platz
+     5, Haupyverein Berlin, Hochster Str. 1, Bezirksverein Frankfurt a.
+     M, Neuer Wall 44, II, Hamburg.
+
+     Bayerischer A. K. Munich.
+
+     Berliner V. f. L., Berlin.
+
+     Bilterfeldt V. f. L., Bilterfeld.
+
+     Braunschweigische V. f. L.
+
+     Breisgau V. f. L., Freiburg.
+
+     Bremer V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Obernstr, 52/54 I, Bremen.
+
+     Bromberger V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Gasanstalt, Bromberg, Stadt.
+
+     Chemnitzner V. f. L.
+
+     Deutsche Touring Club, Munich.
+
+     Deutscher Luftflotten Verein, Mannheim.
+
+     Dusseldorfer Luftdahrer-Klub (E. V.) W. Dusseldorf, Breite Str. 25,
+     I.
+
+     Erfurter V. f. L. (E. V.) M. Dalversweg 24, Erfurt.
+
+     Flugverein Neustadt a. d. Haardt, S. W., Neustadt, I.
+
+     Flugzeugkonvention des V. D. M. L., Potsdamer Str. 121 H, III,
+     Berlin W.
+
+     Frankfürter Flugsport-Club (E. V.) Neue Mainzer Str. 76, Frankfurt
+     a. M.
+
+     Frankfurter Flugtechn, Verein (E. V.) Bahnhofplatz 8, Frankfurt a.
+     M.
+
+     Frankfurter V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W. Kettenhofweg 136, Frankfurt, a.
+     M.
+
+     Frankischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. Kurschnerhof 6, Wursburg.
+
+     Hamburger V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., 36, Colonnaden 17-19, Hamburg.
+
+     Hannoverscher V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Lortzingstr. 6, Hannover.
+
+     Hereforder Verein fur Lufthahrt, Bahnhofplatz, Alfermann, Herford.
+
+     Hildesheimer V. f. L., Hilkesheim, Lucienvorder str. 22.
+
+     Kaiserlicher Aero-Club, K. Nollendorfplatz 3, Berlin W.
+
+     Kaiserlicher Automobil-Club, K, 9 Leipzigerplatz 16, Berlin W.
+
+     Karlsruher Luftfahrt-Verein (E. V.) S. W., Bachstr, 28, Karlsruhe.
+
+     Kolner Club, f. L. (E. V.) W. Bischofsgartenstr. 22, Koln.
+
+     Koniglich Bayerischer Automobil-Club, B. Brienner str. 5 I,
+     Munchen.
+
+     Koniglicher Sachsischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Ferdinandstr. I,
+     Dresden.
+
+     Kurhessischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W., Physikalisches Institut,
+     Marburg ad Lahn; Cassel Sektion, Kolnische str. 84, Cassel.
+
+     Leipziger V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Markt 1, Leipzig.
+
+     Lubecker V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Israeldorfer Allee 13a, Lubeck.
+
+     Luftshrverein Gotha (fruther Reichsflugverein Gotha), Gotha, I.
+
+     Luftfahrtverein Touring-Club, Pranner str. 24, I. Munchen.
+
+     Luftschiffahrt-Verein Munster fur Munster und das Munsterland (E.
+     V.) N. W., Munster i. W, Klosterstr. 31-32.
+
+     Magdeburger V. f. L. (E. V.) M, Wetterwarte, Bahnhofstr. 17,
+     Magdeburg.
+
+     Mannheimer V. f. L. "Zahringen" (E. V.) S. W., 7-8 Hansa-Haus,
+     Mannheim.
+
+     Mecklenburgerischer Aero-Club, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 85, II, I,
+     Schwerin i. M.
+
+     Mindener Verein fur Luftfahrt, N. W., Grosser Domhof 1, L, Minden
+     i. W.
+
+     Mitterheinischer V. f. L., S. W., Weisenauer, Str. 15, Mainz.
+
+     Munchener V. f. L. (E. V.) Residentzstr. 27 III, Munchen.
+
+     Niederrheinischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Wilhemstr. 11, Bonn, Wupperthal
+     Sektion, Hauptfeuerwache, Barmen; Essen Sektion, Bachstr. 21,
+     Essen-Ruhr; Bonn Sektion, Wilhelmstr. 11, Bonn.
+
+     Niedersachachsischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Hildesheimer Bank, Filiale
+     Gottingen, Gottingen.
+
+     Niederschlesisch-Markischer Verein fur Luftfahrt, Grunberg i. Schl,
+     I.
+
+     Nordmark-Verein fur Motorluftfahrt (E. V.) Dusternbrooker Weg 38,
+     Kiel.
+
+     Obererzgebirgischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Geschaftsstelle,
+     Schwarzenberg i. S., Erla im Erzgebirge.
+
+     Oberrheimischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W., Blauwolkengasse 21,
+     Strassburg i. Els.
+
+     Oberschwabischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S, Promenade 17, Ulm a. D.
+
+     Osnabrucker V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Wittekindstr. 4, Osnabruck.
+
+     Ostdeutscher V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Courbierestr. 34, II. Graudenz.
+
+     Ostpreusischer V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Kneiphofische Langgasse 8 I,
+     Konigsberg i. Pr.
+
+     Pfalzischer Luftfahrtverein Speyer, S. W., Speyer a. Rh. I.
+
+     Pommerscher V. f. L. (E. V.) Pasewalk (Stettin) F. 65.
+
+     Posener Luftfahrer-V. (E. V.) O, Posen, Kronprinzenstr, 101a.
+
+     Reichsflugverein (E. V.) Motztrs, 76, Berlin.
+
+     Rheinisch-Westfalische Motorluftschaff-Gesellsch. (E. V.) Bachstr.
+     21, Essen-Ruhr.
+
+     Saarbrucker Verein fur Luftfahrt, S. W. Saarbrucken, I.
+
+     Sachsisch-Thuringischer V. f. L. Belvedere-Allee 5, Weimar; Halle
+     a. S. Sektion (E. V.) Halle a. Muhlweg 10 und Poststr. 6;
+     Thuringische Sektion, Staaten; Belvederealle, 5, Weimar.
+
+     Schlesischer Aero-Club (E. V.) O, Schweidnitzerstr. 16-18 Breslau.
+
+     Schlesischer V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Schweidnitzerstr. 16-18 Breslau.
+
+     Schleswig-Holstein. Flieger-Club, N. W., Niemannsweg 81b, Kiel.
+
+     Seeoffizier-Luftclub (S.L.C.W.) N. W., Peterstr. 80 II,
+     Wilhelmshaven.
+
+     Trierer Club. f. L. (E. V.) W., Nagelstr. 10, Trier.
+
+     V. D. Luftchiff-Industrieller, Kleiststr. 8, III, Berlin, W.
+
+     V. D. Motorfahrzeug-Industrieller, Potsdamerstr. 121b, Berlin, W.
+
+     V. f. Flugwesen in Mannheim, S. W., Lange Rotterstr. 106, I.
+     Mannheim.
+
+     V. f. L. am Bodensee (E. V.) S. W., Zummsteinstr. 11,
+     Schwedenchanze 3a, Konstanz.
+
+     V. f. L. Darmstadt, S. W., Darmstadt, I.
+
+     V. f. L. Gieben, S. W., Seltersweg 56, I., Gieben.
+
+     V. f. L. Kolmar (Posen), (E. V.) O. Privinzialbank,
+     Kommanditgesellschaft a. A., Kolmar i. Pos.
+
+     V. f. L. Limbach (Sa, u. Umgegend) (E. V.) Postr. 5, Limbach
+     (Sachsen).
+
+     V. f. L. in Mainz (E. V.) S. W., Grosse Bleiche 48, Mainz.
+
+     V. f. L. in Worms, S. W., Worms, I.
+
+     V. f. L. und Flugtechnik Nurnberg-Furth, Klaragasse 2 I, Nurnberg.
+
+     V. f. L. in Weimar (E. V.) Erfurter Str. 9, Weimar.
+
+     Vogtlandischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Plauen i. V, Furstenstr. 89.
+
+     Westfalisch-Lippischer Luftfahrverein (E. V.) N. W., Kavalleriestr,
+     Petri, Bielefeld.
+
+     Westfalish-Markischer Luftfahrer-Verein, Herne, I.
+
+     Westpreussicher V. f. L. (E. V.) O., Dr. Waldmann, Abte-inng
+     Schiffbau, Technische Hochschule, Danzig-Langfuhr.
+
+     Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fur Flugtechnik, Nollendorfplatz 3,
+     Berlin W. 30.
+
+     Wurttenbergischer Flugsport-Club, S. Hegelstr. 4b, Stuttgart.
+
+     Wurtembergischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. am Salzmannsweg 21, Stuttgart.
+
+     Zwickauer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Hauptmarkt 20, Zwickau i. S.
+
+
+~GERMAN MILITARY AVIATION.~
+
+~Army General.~
+
+The new Army law provides £400,000 (80 million marks) for Army aviation
+(including dirigibles), in addition to a considerable share of the
+£4,000,000 which is being spread over a period of five years.
+
+The Army aerial force will be commanded by 2 inspector generals. The
+aviation force is put at 4 batallions.
+
+_Headquarters_: Berlin. _Stations_: Aachen, Allenstein, Cologne,
+Darmstadt, Doebritz, Freiburg, Graudenz, Hannover, Insterburg, Jüterbog,
+Koenigsberg, Metz, Posen, Strassburg, Zeithain.
+
+The scheme will be complete by the end of the year.
+
+
+~Army Flying Schools.~
+
+~Diedenhofen.~
+~Doeberitz.~
+~Metz.~
+~Oberwiesenfeld~ bei München (Bavarian).
+~Saarburg.~
+~Sperenberg~ bei Jüterbog.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of 1912 the aeroplane force was as follows:--
+
+  Bought in 1911     10 monoplanes (2 Grade, 1 Schultze, 5 Rumpler).
+                     25 biplanes (3 Albatross, 22 Farman type.)
+  Bought in 1912     91 monoplanes (20 Bristol, 1 Dorner, 2 Etrich Taube,
+                                    2 Grade, 6 Harlan, 20 Mars, 40 Rumpler
+                                    Taube).
+                    144 biplanes (50 Albatros, 12 Aviatik, 30 Euler,
+                                  10 Otto, 2 L.V.G., 10 Mars, 6 Wrights).
+                    ----
+  Making a total of ~270~ of which number about 200 were war-effectives.
+
+For ~1913~ there are ~200~ new aeroplanes building or provided for.
+
+Under the new regulations, military machines must comply with the
+following conditions:--
+
+1. Must be of entirely German manufacture, with ample and comfortable
+seating accommodation for pilot and passenger.
+
+2. Design must permit of fitting bomb droppers and photographic
+apparatus.
+
+3. Speed capabilities must not be less than 90 kilometres (56 m.p.h.)
+
+4. Dimensions must not exceed 49 feet span (14.50 m.), 39 feet long (12
+m.), 13 feet high (3.50 m.), and the motor not more than 100 h.p.
+
+5. Minimum endurance, 4 hours.
+
+
+~Army Aviators.~
+
+  Ackermann, Lt. K.
+  Albrecht, Ob-Lt. K.
+  Altrichter, Lt. K.
+  v. Apell, Lt. K.
+  Barends, Lt.
+  von Beaulieu, Ob-Lt. W.
+  Berlin, Ob-Lt. E.
+  Blume, Lt. W.
+  Boeder, Lt. O.
+  Braun, Lt.
+  Busch, Lt. H.
+  v. Buttlar, Lt. W.
+  Canter, Lt.
+  Cipa, T.
+  Coerper, W. Lt.
+  von Detten, Lt. G.
+  Demmel, Lt. M.
+  Dransfield, Lt. E.
+  Eich, H.
+  von Eickstedt, Ob-Lt. V.
+  Erhardt, Ob-Lt, R. (119)
+  von Falkenhayn, Lt. F. E.
+  Graf Finck von Finckenstein, Lt. L.
+  Fisch, Lt. W. (107)
+  von Freyberg-Eisenberg-Allmendingen, Lt. F. E.
+  Funck, Lt. W.
+  Geerdtz, F. H. (133)
+  von Gersdorff, Ob-Lt. E.
+  Geyer, Lt. H.
+  Goebel, Ob-Lt. W.
+  Grade, W. H. St. (20)
+  von Hadeln, Lt. F.
+  v. Hammacher, Lt. (49)
+  von Hammerstein Gesmold, Ob-Lt. F.A.
+  Hantelmann, Ob-Lt. M.
+  von Helldorf, Ob-Lt.
+  v. Hiddessen, F. Lt. (47)
+  Hildebrand, Ob-Lt. F.
+  Hofer, Ob-Lt. W.
+  Höpker, Lt. A.
+  von Jagwitz, Lt. F.
+  Joly, Lt. A.
+  Justi, Lt. K.
+  Kahl, H.
+  Kastner, Lt. H.
+  Keim, Lt. J. (127)
+  Keller, Lt. G.
+  Koch, Lt. W
+  Kohr, Lt. R.
+  Lauer, Lt. R.
+  Lauterbach, Ob-Lt. F.
+  von Lichtenfels, Lt. S. (51)
+  von Liusingen, Lt. L.
+  Ludewig, F. Ob-Lt.
+  Meyer, Lt. W. (136)
+  von Minkwitz, Lt. H.
+  von Mirbach, Lt. K.
+  Mudra, Lt. H. (95)
+  Neumann, Ob-Lt. H.
+  von Obernitz, Ob-Lt. W.
+  Oelsner, Lt. W.
+  von Oertzen, Ob-Lt. J.
+  von Osterroht, Lt. P-H.
+  Petri, Ob-Lt. F. (120)
+  Pfeifer, Lt. L.
+  Pirner, Lt. H. K.
+  von Poser und Gross-Nädlitz, Ob-Lt. F.
+  Püschel, Ob-Lt. K.
+  Rapmund, Lt. M.
+  Reiche, Lt. A.
+  v. Reichenberg-Wolfskeel, Graf. (93)
+  Reinhardt, Lt. S.
+  Reuss, Lt. W.
+  Ritter, Lt. K. (121)
+  Roser, H. H. (83)
+  Schäfer, Ob-Lt. L.
+  v. Scheele, Lt. A.
+  Schlegel, Lt. O.
+  Schneider, Lt. H.
+  Schreyer, F.
+  Schulz, Lt. J.
+  Schwartzkopff, Lt. H.
+  Serno, Lt. E.
+  Sieber, Lt. H.
+  Solmitz, F. Lt.
+  Sommer, Lt. P.
+  Steindorf, H.
+  Steger, O. Lt.
+  von Stoephasius, Lt. M.
+  Striper, Lt. F.
+  Suren, Lt. E.
+  Suren, Lt. G.
+  Suren, Lt. H.
+  Taeufert, Lt. W.
+  v. Tiedemann, Ob-Lt. R. (17)
+  von Trotha, Ob-Lt.
+  Vogt, Lt.
+  v. Wedemeyer, Ob-Lt. E.
+  Wendler, Lt. W.
+  Weyer, Lt. G.
+  Wiegandt, Lt. W.
+  Wilberg, Ob-Lt. H. (26)
+  Wildt, Lt. K. (43)
+  Wirth, Ob-Lt. W. (92)
+  Wulff, Lt. A.
+  Zwickau, Lt. K.
+
+
+~Navy General.~
+
+The 1913 expenditure on naval aviation (including dirigibles) is
+£250,000 (50 million marks), plus a portion of the special expenditure.
+
+
+~Naval Flying Schools.~
+
+     ~Holminsel~ b. Danzig. ~Putzig~ b. Danzig.
+
+
+~Naval Stations.~
+
+~North Sea.~--Cuxhaven (staff to be 5 officers and 192 under officers
+and men), Emden and Hamburg.
+
+~Baltic.~--Kiel, Putzig and Konigsberg.
+
+~General Headquarters.~--Berlin.
+
+Each station will ultimately consist of one dirigible and a number of
+hydro-aeroplanes.
+
+
+~Navy Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of 1912 the total effective force was:--
+
+         ~4 monoplanes~ (_Rumpler_ hydro.)
+        ~10 biplanes~ (4 _Albatros_ hydro., 2 _Curtiss_ hydro., 4 _Euler_).
+         --
+  Total ~14~
+
+The _Curtiss_ were purchased towards the end of 1911, all the others in
+1912.
+
+All are or can be fitted with wireless, range 50 miles.
+
+1913. Others on order, including _Ottos_ on floats (_A.G.O._), of which
+one was delivered in April.
+
+
+~Navy Aviators.~
+
+  Bertram, Ob-Lt. (123)
+  Coulmann, W.
+  Francke, Ob-Lt. C. (142)
+  Goltz, Kap-Lt. K.
+  von Gorrissen, Lt. (4)
+  Hartmann, R. Ob-Lt. (96)
+  Hering, Kap-Lt. M.
+  Janetzky, Kap-Lt. W.
+  Langfield, Ob-Lt. W.
+  Prinz Heinrich von Preussen (38)
+  Schroeter, Ob-Lt. W.
+  Stemmler, B.
+
+
+~GERMAN PRIVATE AVIATION.~
+
+To end of March, 1913.
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+At end of March, 1913, the number of private aeroplanes in Germany was
+about 80, of which most were school, etc., machines.
+
+  Abelmann, Carl
+  Abramowitch, Wasewolod
+  Albers, Wilhelm
+  Alig, Ernst.
+  Arntzen, Orla, Dr. jur.
+  Schirrmeister, Hans
+  Badowski, Ludwig
+  Baierlein, Anton
+  Basser, Gustav
+  Beck, Otto
+  Becker, Reinhold
+  Beese, Frl.
+  Behrend, Adolf
+  Berliner, Rudolf
+  v. Bieber, Harald, Dr. jur.
+  Birkmaier, August
+  Blattmann, Ernst
+  Bohlig, Edmund
+  Bosenius, Rudolf
+  Bossin, Fritz
+  Boutard, Charles
+  Braselmann, Karl
+  Breton, Raymond Arthur
+  Brociner, Marco
+  Brunnhuber, Simon
+  Büchner, Bruno
+  Charlett, Willi
+  Clauberg, Fritz
+  Cremer, Fritz
+  Curdts, Carl
+  De Waal, Bernard
+  Dick, Fritz
+  Donnevert, Willy
+  Dorner, Hermann
+  Dücker, Werner
+  Eberhardt, Alfred
+  Eckardt, Willy
+  Eckelmann, Frank
+  Engelhard, Paul
+  Erblich, Heinz
+  Euler, August
+  Evers, Heinrich
+  Eyring, Raymund (Dr. Huth)
+  Falderbaum, Heinz
+  Faller, Artur
+  Faller, Otto
+  Flégier, Th. v.
+  Fokker, Anthony
+  Fremery, Hemmann
+  Friedrich, Alfred
+  Gasser, Hermann
+  Geiss, Franz
+  Georgi, Johannes
+  v. Gorrissen, Ellery
+  Grade, Hans
+  Griebel, Otto, Leutnant a D.
+  Grulich, Karl
+  Grünberg, Arthur
+  Haas, Heinrich
+  Hansen, Hans
+  Hanuschke, Bruno
+  Hartmann, Alfred
+  Hasenkamp, Emil
+  Häusler, Hugo
+  Heim, Oskar
+  Heirler, Paul
+  Hennig, Alfred
+  Hess, Robert
+  Heydenreich, Fritz
+  Hild, Luc.
+  Hintner, Cornelius
+  Hirrlinger, Albert
+  Hirth, Helmuth
+  Hoff, Wilhelm
+  Hoffmann, Siegfr.
+  Hoos, Josef, Dr. jur.
+  Hormel, Walter
+  Horn, Albin
+  Hoesli, Gordian
+  Ingold, Karl
+  Jablonski, Bruno
+  Jahnow, Reinhold, Leutn. d. Landw.
+  Jänisch, M.
+  Jeannin, Emil
+  Kahnt, Oswald
+  Kammerer, K. F. Ludwig
+  Kaniss, Gustav
+  Kanitz, Willy
+  Karsten, Otto
+  Kaspar, Referendar
+  Katzian, Artemy
+  Keidel, Fridolin
+  Kern, Willy
+  Kiepert, Rudolf
+  Kleinle, Josef
+  Kober, Theodor
+  Köhler, Erich
+  Kohnert, Herbert
+  König, Benno
+  König, Martin
+  Krastel, Heinz, Reimar
+  Krieg, Friedrich
+  Krieger, Karl
+  Krüger, Leutnant a. D.
+  Krüger, Arthur
+  Krumsiek, Wilhelm
+  Kühne, Ernst Herbert
+  Kunze, Ernst
+  Kurtscheid, Nicolaus
+  Ladewig, Heinz.
+  Ladewig, Herbert, Leutnant, Inf.-Regt.
+  Lagler, Fräulein Bozena
+  Laitsch, Felix
+  Laemmlin, Charles
+  Lange, Paul
+  Langer, Bruno
+  Lecomte, Ingenieur
+  Lenk, Willy
+  Lichte, Carl
+  Lie, Christian
+  Lindpaintner, Otto E.
+  Linnekogel, Otto
+  Lissauer, Walter
+  Lochner, Erich
+  Loew, Karl
+  Lübbe, Fluglehrer
+  Manhardt, Alfred Willy
+  Mente, Willy, Oberleutnant a. D.
+  Meybaum, Theodor
+  Michaelis, G. A.
+  Mischewsky, Bernard
+  Mohns, Karl
+  Möhring, Charlotte
+  v. Mossner, Robert, Oberleutnant a. D.
+  Mügge, Wilhelm, Kapitan d. Handelsmarine
+  Müller, B. C. Oscar
+  Müller, Friedrich
+  Müller, Karl
+  Müller, Kurt
+  Munkelt, Kurt
+  Mürau, Georg
+  Netzow, Georg
+  Niemela, Edmund, Leutnant a. D.
+  Noelle, Max
+  Oelerich, Heinrick
+  Oster, Franz
+  Ottenbacher, Ernst
+  Otto, Gustav
+  Paul, Alfred
+  Pentz, Hermann
+  Pietschker, Alfred
+  Placzikowski, Udo
+  von Platen, Horst
+  Plochmann, Ernst
+  Pokristev, Penn, Oberleutnant
+  Poulain, Gabriel
+  Reeb, Alfred
+  Reichhardt, Otto
+  Rentzel, Adolf
+  Rode, Franz
+  de le Roi, Wolfram
+  Roempler, Oskar
+  Rosenstein, Willy
+  Roessler, Fritz
+  Rost, Gottlieb
+  v. Rottenburg, Otto
+  Roever, Hans
+  Rupp, Albert
+  Rütgers, August
+  Schadt, Karl
+  Schäfer, Otto
+  Schakowskoy, Fürstin Eugenie
+  Schall, Karl
+  Schauenburg, Theodor
+  Schendel, Georg
+  Scherff, Mauricio
+  Schiedeck, Hermann
+  v. Schimpf, Ernst, Dr. jur
+  Schirrmeister, Hans
+  Schlatter, Joseph
+  Schlegel, Ernst
+  Schlüter, Fritz
+  Schmidt, Erich
+  Schmidt, Richard
+  Schmigulski, Hans
+  Schöner, Georg
+  Schultze, Gustav
+  Schüpphaus, Heinrich Ernst
+  Schwandt, Paul
+  Schwarz, Erwin
+  Sedlmayer, Gerhard
+  Senge, Paul
+  Seydler, Frank
+  Siewert, Lotherm
+  Steffen, Bruno
+  Steinbeck, Hans
+  Stiefvater, Otto
+  Stöffler, Victor
+  Stoldt
+  Stoephasius, Curt von
+  Strack, Karl
+  Strack, Peter
+  Stüber, Joachim, Leutnant d. R.
+  Suvelack, Josef
+  Thelen, Robert
+  Thiele, Erich
+  Toepfer, Otto
+  Trautwein, Max
+  Treitschke, Friedrich
+  Tybelski, Franz
+  Tweer, Gustav
+  Vollmöller, Hans
+  Wecsler, Rubin
+  Weickert, Julius Artur
+  Weinaug, Ernst
+  Werntgen, Bruno
+  Wertheim, Paul
+  Weyl, Richard
+  Wiencziers, Eugen
+  Wieting, Werner
+  Wirtz, Reinerm
+  Witte, Gustav
+  Wittenstein, Oskar, Dr.
+  Witterstätter, E. W.
+  Wolter, Richard
+  von Zastrow, Alexanderm
+
+Note.--Abramowitch was a Russian by birth (killed April, 1913).
+
+The following German aviators have been killed:--
+
+  +-------------------------------+
+  |        1896.                  |
+  |  Lilienthal                   |
+  |                               |
+  |        1910.                  |
+  |  Haas, Lieut.                 |
+  |  Mente, Lieut.                |
+  |  Plochmann                    |
+  |  Robl, Thaddeus               |
+  |                               |
+  |        1911.                  |
+  |  Bockmüller                   |
+  |  Bournique ("Pierre Marie")   |
+  |  Choendel                     |
+  |  Dax                          |
+  |  Englehardt, Kapt.            |
+  |  Eyring, R.                   |
+  |  Frh. v. Freytag-Loringhoven  |
+  |  Laemmlin                     |
+  |  Lecomte                      |
+  |  Neumann, Lieut.              |
+  |  Reeb                         |
+  |  Pietschker                   |
+  |  Schendel, G.                 |
+  |  Stein, Lieut.                |
+  |  Tachs                        |
+  |  Voss                         |
+  |                               |
+  |        1912.                  |
+  |  Alig                         |
+  |  Altrichter                   |
+  |  Beissbarth                   |
+  |  Berger                       |
+  |  Birkymayer                   |
+  |  Buchstätter                  |
+  |  v. Falkenhayn                |
+  |  Frh. v. Schlichting          |
+  |  Fischer                      |
+  |  Hamburger                    |
+  |  Hofer                        |
+  |  Hösli                        |
+  |  Junghans                     |
+  |  König                        |
+  |  Kugler                       |
+  |  Lachmann                     |
+  |  Lang                         |
+  |  Libau                        |
+  |  Meyer                        |
+  |  Preusser                     |
+  |  Pochmeyer                    |
+  |  Rheinle                      |
+  |  Rost                         |
+  |  Schmidt                      |
+  |  Schmigulski                  |
+  |  Stille                       |
+  |  Werntgen                     |
+  |  Witte                        |
+  |                               |
+  |        1913                   |
+  |  Held                         |
+  |  Schlegel                     |
+  +-------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+GERMAN AEROPLANES.
+
+
+
+~A~
+
+
+ALBATROS. Albatroswerke G.m.b. H, Flugzeugfabr. u. Fliegerschule,
+Johannisthal bei Berlin. Established 1910. One of the largest
+constructors in Germany. Capacity: 150 machines a year.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                                    |    ~1911-12.~    |      ~1912.~     |   ~1912-13.~     |                  |
+                                    |  2-seat tractor  | Military tractor | Military tractor |       Hydro.     |       Mono.
+                                    |     biplane.     |     biplane.     |                  |                  |
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                feet  (m.)|   35-1/2 (10.70) |   34-1/2  (10.5) |   42-1/2  (12.8) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Span~                  feet  (m.)|   43-2/3 (13.30) |   52-1/2    (16) |   65-3/4    (20) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Area~             sq. feet  (m².)|  430        (40) |  576        (54) |  624      (58.5) |        ...       |        ...
+                {total  lbs.  (kgs.)| 1058       (480) | 1543       (700) | 1874       (850) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+                {useful lbs.  (kgs.)|  661       (300) |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|     100 Argus    |  90 Mercedes or  |   120 N.A.G. or  |        ...       |        ...
+                                    |                  |     100 Argus    |   Aust. Daimler  |                  |
+               {max.   m.p.h.  (km.)|   56        (90) |  59         (95) |   46        (75) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Speed~      {                    |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+               {min.   m.p.h.  (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|         6        |         6        |        7-5       |        ...       |        ...
+  Number built during 1912          |     about 40     |        70        |        30        |         4        |         2
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--In all the upper plane is slightly staggered. In all the
+control is duplicated.
+
+[Illustration: ALBATROS. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Albatros. Military hydro-biplane.]
+
+[Illustration: Albatros. Monoplane.]
+
+
+AVIATIK. Autemobil & Aviatik A.G., Mülhausen i.E. Established 1910.
+Capacity: 100 a year.
+
+[Illustration: 1912 biplane.]
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                                    |      ~1912.~     |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~     |     ~1912-13.~
+                                    |    Monoplane.    |     Biplane.     |  Racing biplane. |   Hydro-biplane.
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                feet  (m.)|   26-1/2     (8) |   36        (11) |   29-1/2     (9) |   36        (11)
+  ~Span~                  feet  (m.)|   39     (11.80) |   52-1/2    (16) |   52-1/2    (16) |   62-1/3    (19)
+  ~Area~             sq. feet  (m².)|  258       (.24) |  517        (48) |  517        (48) | 597         (56)
+                {total  lbs.  (kgs.)| 1146       (520) | 1323       (600) | 1234       (560) |1653        (750)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+                {useful lbs.  (kgs.)|  661       (300) |  882       (400) |  882       (400) | 661        (300)
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|    100 Argus     |     100 Argus    |     100 Argus    |     100 Argus
+                {max.  m.p.h.  (km.)|   68-1/2   (110) |   56        (90) |   62       (100) |  52         (80)
+  ~Speed~       {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+                {min.  m.p.h.  (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Endurance~                   hrs.|         5        |        6-8       |        7-8       |        4-5
+  Number built during 1912          |         6        |        20        |         4        |         3
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--The monoplanes are constructed under _Hanriot_ license.
+
+[Illustration: 1913 tractor-biplane (racer).]
+
+[Illustration: Monoplane.]
+
+
+
+~D~
+
+
+DELFOSSE. Ceased to construct.
+
+
+[Illustration: Dorner]
+
+DORNER III. Monoplane. ~Length.~--34-1/2 feet (10.50 m.) ~Span.~--39-1/3
+feet (12 m.) ~Surface.~--280 sq. feet (126 m².) ~Weight.~--882 lbs. (400
+kgs.)
+
+Type II: ~Length.~--32-3/4 feet (10 m.) ~Span.~--38 feet (11.60 m.)
+~Surface.~--268-1/2 sq. feet (25 m².) ~Weight.~--661 lbs. (300 kgs.) See
+_Flugsport_, No. 5, 1911.
+
+
+
+~E~
+
+
+ETRICH. Etrich Fliegerwerke, G.m.b. H, Dittersbach b. Liebau
+(Schlesien). Capacity: 50 a year.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ------------------------------+-------------------------------
+                                |         ~1913.~
+                                | ~Etrich~ (original) _Taube._
+                                |          monoplane.
+  ------------------------------+-------------------------------
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|        31          (9.5)
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|        47-1/2     (14.4)
+  ~Area~          sq. feet (m².)|       301           (28)
+           {Total   lbs.  (kgs.)|      1323          (600)
+  ~Weight~ {                    |
+           {Useful  lbs.  (kgs.)|               ...
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.|     100 Mercedes or Argus
+            {  max. m.p.h. (km.)|     71 to 75  (115 to 120)
+  ~Speed~   {                   |
+            {  min. m.p.h. (km.)|               ...
+  ~Endurance~               hrs.|                6
+  ------------------------------+-------------------------------
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+EULER. August Euler, Frankfurt a.M. In 1908 Euler secured _Voisin_
+rights for Germany. In 1910 he took out a patent for a design of his
+own. In the summer of 1911 he built a successful monoplane, in the
+autumn of the same year a triplane. Existing models are as follows:--
+
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------
+                              |      ~1912.~     |        ~1912.~   |
+                              |     Triplane.    |      Monoplane.  |   Military biplane.
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   23         (7) |                  |
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   23         (7) |                  |
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|        ...       |                  |
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |      no data     |        no data
+  ~Weight~ {                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |                  |
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|       Gnome      |                  |
+           {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   56        (90) |                  |
+  ~Speed~  {                  |                  |                  |
+           {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |                  |
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|        3-4       |                  |
+  Number built during 1912    |     _about_ 70   | of various types |
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------
+
+[Illustration: Euler. Triplane.]
+
+[Illustration: Euler. Monoplane, 1912.]
+
+[Illustration: Euler. Military biplane.]
+
+
+
+~F~
+
+
+FOKKER. Monoplanes. Fokker-Aeroplanbau, G. m. b. H., 18 Parkstrasse,
+Johannisthal bei Berlin. Capacity: 40.
+
+  ---------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------
+                                   |     ~1912.~      |      ~1912.~     |     ~1912-13.~   |     ~1912-13.~   |     ~1912-13.~     |      ~1913.~
+                                   |       ~A.~       |        ~B.~      |        ~A.~      |        ~B.~      |        ~C.~        | Hydro-aeroplane.
+  ---------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                feet (m.)|   26-1/4     (8) |   26-3/4  (8.25) |   29-1/2     (9) |   29-1/2     (9) |   29-1/2       (9) |   31      (9.50)
+  ~Span~                  feet (m.)|   37-3/4 (11.50) |   39-1/3    (12) |   42-3/4 (13.20) |   42-3/4 (13.20) |   42-3/4   (13.20) |   52-1/2 (16.20)
+  ~Area~             sq. feet (m².)|  226        (21) |  242     (22.50) |  280        (26) |  280        (26) |  280          (26) |        ...
+                {total  lbs. (kgs.)|  838       (380) | 1036       (470) |  970       (440) | 1146       (520) | 1190         (540) |        ...
+  ~Weight~      {                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |                    |
+                {useful lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |         ...        |        ...
+  ~Motor~                     h.p.{|      70 Argus    |     100 Argus    |      70 Argus    |     100 Argus    |      70 Renault    |    100 Renault
+                                  {|                  |                  |      or  Dixi    |                  |                    |    or Mercedes
+                 {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   56        (90) |   68       (108) |   52        (83) |   60        (96) |   53          (85) |   59        (95)
+  ~Speed~        {                 |                  |                  |                  |                  |                    |
+                 {min. m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |   43        (70) |        ...       |         ...        |        ...
+  ~Endurance~                  hrs.|        4-6       |        4-6       |        5-8       |        5-8       |         4-6        |         4
+  Number built during 1912         |         3        |         2        |         6        |         5        |          2         |        ...
+  ---------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--The _Fokker_ is a machine of Dutch origin. (See Dutch).
+
+[Illustration: 1912-13 model.]
+
+[Illustration: Hydro.]
+
+
+FOHN. This firm ceased to exist January, 1913.
+
+
+
+~G~
+
+
+GRADE. Hans Grade Fliegerwerke, Bork, Post Bruck (Mark). Founded 1910 by
+H. Grade, who was the first man in Germany to fly with a German machine.
+During 1911 _Grades_ had a considerable vogue, but since then have not
+been prominent.
+
+[Illustration: 1912 racer.]
+
+  -----------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+            Model and date.          |     Racer, ~1911.~   |     Racer, ~1912.~   |     Racer, ~1912.~
+                                     |          ~C.~        |          ~D.~        |          ~E.~
+  -----------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+  ~Length~                  feet (m.)|   33            (10) |   21          (6.50) |   26-1/4          (8)
+  ~Span~                    feet (m.)|   39-1/4        (12) |   34-1/2     (10.50) |   41          (12.50)
+  ~Area~               sq. feet (m².)|  480            (45) |  240            (22) |  360             (33)
+                {machine, lbs. (kgs.)|  375           (170) |  408           (185) |  595            (270)
+  ~Weight~      {                    |                      |                      |
+                {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|  ...            ...  |  ...            ...  |  ...             ...
+  ~Motor~                        h.p.|        various       |  ...            ...  |  ...             ...
+  ~Speed~                m.p.h. (km.)|   56            (90) |   71           (115) |   71            (115)
+  Number built during 1912           |           ?          |        1 or 2        |           ?
+  -----------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+
+[Illustration: GRADE. UAS.]
+
+
+GOEDECKER. J. Goedecker, Flugmaschinen-Werke, Niederwalluf a. Rh. Flying
+School: Flugplatz Grosser Sand bei Mainz.
+
+[Illustration: GOEDECKER.]
+
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------
+                                    |     ~1912.~      |       ~1911.~
+                                    |     Monoplane    |     Monoplane
+                                    |   "Sturmvogel."  |   "Sturmvogel."
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   32-3/4    (10) |   29-1/2     (9)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   47-3/4  (14.5) |   47-3/4  (14.5)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  387        (36) |        ...
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  992       (459) |  827       (375)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                  |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|     100 Dixi     |      70 Argus
+  ~Speed~               m.p.h. (km.)|   56        (90) |        ...
+  Number built during 1912          |         8        |         2
+  ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+
+
+~H~
+
+
+HANSA-TAUBE. Heinrich Heitmann, Aviatik und Konstructions Werkstätten,
+Altona.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+                                    |        ~1912.~       |        ~1913.~
+                                    |      Monoplane.      |      Monoplane.
+  ----------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|   24-3/4       (7.5) |   24-3/4       (7.5)
+  ~Span~                   feet (m.)|   36-3/4      (11.2) |   36-3/4      (11.2)
+  ~Area~              sq. feet (m².)|  237            (22) |  237            (22)
+                {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  617           (280) |  573           (260)
+  ~Weight~      {                   |                      |
+                {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|         ...          |          ...
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|    75 or 100 Argus   |       100 Argus
+  ~Speed~               m.p.h. (km.)| 56 to 62  (95 to 100)|   62           (100)
+  Number built during 1912          |          2           |           2
+  ----------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+HARLAN. Harlan Werke, G. m. b. H., 21 Moltkestrasse, Johannisthal bei
+Berlin. Established 1909, turned into present Company, 1911. Output
+capacity about 50 machines a year.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------
+                              |       ~1912.~         |        ~1912-13.~
+                              |  Military monoplane.  |  Military monoplane.
+  ----------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   26-1/4          (8) |   30          (9.10)
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   39-1/3         (12) |   45-1/2     (13.80)
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|  312             (29) |  312            (29)
+          {total   lbs. (kgs.)|          ...          | 1984           (900)
+  ~Weight~{                   |                       |
+          {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|          ...          | 1323           (600)
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.| 100 Argus or Mercedes |    100 Argus
+  ~Speed~         m.p.h. (km.)|   69            (110) |   69           (110)
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|          7-8          |         7-8
+  Number built during 1912    |           20          |          15
+  ----------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------
+
+
+HANUSCHKE. Bruno Hanuschke, Flugzeugbau, Johannisthal b. Berlin.
+Capacity: small.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~
+                               |  "Typ populaire" |      Typ II.
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   24-3/4  (7.50) |   21      (6.50)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   27      (8.25) |   26-1/4     (8)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  183        (17) |  172        (16)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  716       (325) | 1102       (500)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  385       (175) |  600       (275)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     35 Anzani    |      50 Gnome
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|   56        (90) |   62       (100)
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|         2        |        2
+  Number built during 1912     |         2        |        2
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+
+~J~
+
+
+JATHO. Jatho Flugzeugwerke, G. m. b. H., Stader Chaussee 32, Hannover.
+Karl Jatho built his first aeroplane in 1899, and has produced machines
+at intervals ever since. Capacity: small.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+                               |       ~1913.~
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   29-1/2     (9)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   49-1/4    (15)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  345        (32)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 2116       (960)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  992       (450)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|   100 N.A.G.
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|   75       (120)
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|         3
+  Number built during 1912     |         2
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+JEANNIN. Emile Jeannin, Flugzeugbau, G. m. b. H., Stahltauben &
+Renneindecker Fabrik, Johannisthal b. Berlin. Capacity: small.
+
+[Illustration: 1912 "Taube."]
+
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                               |      ~1912.~       |      ~1913.~
+                               | "Taube" monoplane. | Racing monoplane.
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|  29-1/2       (9)  |        ...
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|  42-3/4      (13)  |        ...
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|         ...        |        ...
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |        ...
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                    |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|   100-150 Argus    |     150 Argus
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|  68         (110)  |   87        (140)
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|         5-8        |        4-7
+  Number built during 1912     |          2         |         3
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--The 1913 was building only in March.
+
+
+
+~K~
+
+
+KAHNT. Oswald Kahnt, Flugzeugbau, Leipzig. Capacity: small.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+                               |   ~K. F. 1913.~
+                               |     "Falke."
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   27-3/4  (8.50)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   42-3/4    (13)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  291        (27)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...
+  ~Weight~ {                   |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|       50-70
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|   62       (100)
+  Number built during 1912     |     new firm
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+
+
+KONDOR. Kondor Flugzeugwerke G. m. b. H., Essen, Ruhr. Fabrik auf dem
+Flugplatz. Rotthausen. Capacity: 30 or so a year.
+
+[Illustration: 1913 model. (1912 same appearance.)]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |     ~1912.~      |     ~1913.~
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   33-3/4 (10.30) |   27     (8.20)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   48-3/4 (14.80) |   46       (14)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  258        (24) |  280       (26)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1543       (700) | 1328      (600)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |         ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     100 Argus    |      100 Argus
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|   65       (105) |   70      (112)
+  Number built during 1912     |         2        |         ...
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--Both models torpedo body, on 4 skids. Planes dart ~V~ form.
+Constructor: J. Suwelack.
+
+
+KÜHLSTEIN. Kühlstein Wagenbau, Karosseriefabrik, Salzufer 4,
+Charlottenburg. This old-established motor car firm commenced to build
+aeroplanes in 1911. Capacity: 20 a year.
+
+[Illustration: 96 h.p.]
+
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                               |      ~1912.~       |       ~1912.~
+                               | Torpedo monoplane. | Torpedo monoplane.
+                               |          I.        |         II.
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   29-3/4    (9.10) |   27         (8.2)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   40-3/4    (12.4) |   35-1/2    (10.8)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  291          (27) |  215          (20)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1984         (900) | 2204        (1000)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                    |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)| 1322         (600) | 1543         (700)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     100 Argus      |     96 Mercedes
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|        ...         |         ...
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                    |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|   84         (135) |   87         (140)
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|         3          |          3
+  Number built during 1912     |         2          |          2
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+
+~M~
+
+
+MARS. Deutsche Flugzeugwerke G. m. b. H., Lindenthal bei Leipzig.
+Established 1911. This is one of the most important and successful
+aviation works in Germany. Capacity: from 80 to 100 machines a year.
+
+[Illustration: Mars. Monoplane.]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |    ~1912-13.~    |     ~1912-13.~   |      ~1913.~
+                               |    Monoplane.    |      Biplane.    | Hydro-aeroplane.
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   31       (9.7) |   31       (9.7) |
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   55-1/4  (16.8) |   57      (17.8) |
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  376        (35) |  495        (46) |
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1234       (560) | 1434       (650) |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)| 1808       (820) | 2006       (910) |  _Building._
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     95 N.A.G.    |    95 Mercedes   |
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|  120        (75) |  115        (71) |
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |                  |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|       ...        |       ...        |
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|       5-6        |       4-6        |
+  Number built during 1912     |        6         |        16        |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--
+
+[Illustration: Mars. Biplane.]
+
+
+MROZINSKI. Bernard Mrozinski, Berlin-Wilmersdorf. Established 1912.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length~, 23 feet (7 m.) ~span~, 32-3/4 feet (10 m.)
+~area~, 215 sq. feet (20 m².)
+
+~Weight.~--661 lbs. (300 kgs.)
+
+~Motor.~--20 h.p. Anzani.
+
+~Speed.~--50 m.p.h. (80 km.)
+
+Remarks.--One machine only built in 1912.
+
+
+
+~O~
+
+
+OERTZ. Max Oertz, Yachtwerft, Reiherstieg b. Hamburg. Famous yacht
+builder. Commenced aeroplane construction in 1911. Existing models as
+below. Capacity about 25 machines a year.
+
+[Illustration: 1912-13 model.]
+
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                               |    ~M 1911-12.~    |    ~M 1912-13.~
+                               |     Monoplane.     |     Monoplane.
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   29-1/2       (9) |   30-1/4     (9.2)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   41-3/4   (12.75) |   41-3/4   (12.75)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  247          (23) |  263        (24.5)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  948         (430) | 1212         (550)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                    |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|         ...        |        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|      70 Gnome      |     70 Gnome
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   69         (110) |   75         (120)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                    |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|         ...        |        ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|          3         |         4
+  Number built during 1912     |          3         |         1
+  -----------------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+
+OTTO. Gustav Otto, Flugmaschinenwerke, Schleissheimer Str. 135, Munich.
+Started building in 1911. Present max. capacity about 30 machines a
+year.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ------------------------------+-----------------
+                                |   ~M 1912.~
+                                |    Biplane.
+  ------------------------------+-----------------
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|       ...
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|       ...
+  ~Area~          sq. feet (m².)|       ...
+           {total    lbs. (kgs.)|       ...
+  ~Weight~ {                    |
+           {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|       ...
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.| 100 A. G. Otto.
+           {max.    m.p.h. (km.)|   69      (110)
+  ~Speed~  {                    |
+           {min.    m.p.h. (km.)|       ...
+  ~Endurance~               hrs.|       6-8
+  Number built during 1912      |        6
+  ------------------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--All 1912 machines purchased for German Army.
+
+
+
+~P~
+
+
+PEGA-EMICH. Flugtechnische und mechanische Werke vorm. Pega & Emich,
+Falterstrasse 13-15, Griesheim, Frankurt-a-M. Commenced building with a
+6-decker in 1910. Capacity: small.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------+--------------------
+                              |      ~1913.~
+                              | Buteno monoplane.
+  ----------------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   39-1/4      (12)
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   46          (14)
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|  355          (33)
+           {total   lbs. (kg.)|  838         (380)
+  ~Weight~ {                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kg.)| 1102         (500)
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|      70 Argus
+           {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|   62         (100)
+  ~Speed~  {                  |
+           {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|        ...
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|         2
+  Number built during 1912.   |        ...
+  ----------------------------+--------------------
+
+
+PIPPART-NOLL. Pippart-Noll-Flugzeugbau, Mannheim.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------
+                                |      P. N. 1     |     P. N. 2.     |     P. N. 3.
+           Type.                |     Sporting.    |    "Uberland"    |     Military.
+                                |      ~1912.~     |     ~1912.~      |      ~1913.~
+  ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~             feet (m.)|   31      (9.50) |   28      (8.50) |   28 (8.50 also 7)
+  ~Span~               feet (m.)|   34-1/2 (10.50) |   39-1/3    (12) |   45     (13.70)
+  ~Area~          sq. feet (m².)|  215        (20) |  280        (26) |  300        (28)
+           {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  617       (280) |  838       (380) | 1234       (560)
+  ~Weight~ {                    |                  |                  |
+           {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|  330       (150) |  463       (210) |  441       (200)
+  ~Motor~                   h.p.|     70 Argus     |     70 Argus     |     70 Argus
+           {max.    m.p.h. (km.)|   59        (95) |   62       (100) |   68       (110)
+  ~Speed~  {                    |                  |                  |
+           {min.    m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |   50        (80)
+  ~Endurance~               hrs.|        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  Number built during 1912      |         1        |         1        |         1
+  ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------
+
+
+
+~R~
+
+
+RUMPLER. E. Rumpler, Luftfahrzeugbau G. m. b. H., Siegfriedstrasse 202,
+Berlin-Lichtenberg, also Johannisthal b. Berlin. Established 1909 by E.
+Rumpler and R. Haessner for the construction in Germany of _Etrich_ (see
+Austria) monoplanes. These now vary considerably from the original
+_Etrich_. Capacity at present about 200 to 300 machines a year. Standard
+models are as follows:--
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |     ~1912.~      |     ~1912.~      |      ~1913.~
+                               |    Monoplane.    |     "Taube."     |      Hydro.
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   29-3/4  (9.50) |   34     (10.30) |   33        (10)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   41-1/2 (12.65) |   46        (14) |   49-1/4    (15)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  247        (23) |  336        (32) |  387        (36)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1398       (630) | 1190       (540) | 1328       (600)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  771       (350) |  551       (230) |  485       (220)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    95 Mercedes   |     100 Argus    |     100 Argus
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   81       (130) |   59        (95) |   56        (90)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |                  |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |       ...        |        ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|        6-7       |       4-6        |        ...
+  Number built during 1912     |         1        |        60        |         3
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+[Illustration: Rumpler. Hydro-aeroplane.]
+
+[Illustration: Rumpler. Monoplane.]
+
+[Illustration: Rumpler. "Taube." With limousine body.]
+
+
+RUTH-ROHDE. Ruth-Rohde, Motorgleitflieger, G. m. b. H., Wandsbeck.
+Established 1912. Capacity: small.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |     ~1912.~      |      ~1912.~
+                               |    Biplane I.    |    Biplane II.
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   26-1/4     (8) |   26-1/4     (8)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   36        (11) |   45        (14)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  590        (55) |  700        (65)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1653       (750) | 1764       (800)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|       ...        |        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    75 Argus      |     75 Argus
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   55        (90) |   55        (90)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |
+           {min.    m.p.h.(km.)|       ...        |        ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|        3         |        3-4
+  Number built during 1912.    |        1         |         1
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+
+
+~S~
+
+
+SCHELIES. Richard Schelies, Conventstrasse 5 und 5b, Hamburg 23. Flying
+Station, etc.: Dockenhuden a/Elbe.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+--------------------
+                               |      ~1913.~
+                               | Hydro-monoplane.
+  -----------------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   23           (7)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   29-1/2       (9)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  323          (30)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  705         (320)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  220         (100)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.| Rheinische Aero 35
+  ~Speed~          m.p.h. (km.)|         ...
+  -----------------------------+--------------------
+
+
+SCHULZE. Gustav Schulze, Flugzeug Werke, Burg b. Magdeburg. Schulze
+began to build in 1910 light monoplanes, generally along _Santos-Dumont_
+lines. Maximum present capacity about 12 machines a year.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |     ~1912.~      |      ~1912.~     |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~
+                               |        I.        |        II.       |  III (2-seater). |   I (2-seater).
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   19-3/4     (6) |  26-1/4      (8) |   21-1/3  (6.50) |   23         (7)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   26-1/4     (8) |  34-1/2  (10.50) |   28      (8.50) |   29-1/2     (9)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  172        (16) | 215         (20) |  172        (16) |  194        (18)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  330       (150) | 441        (200) |  441       (200) |  551       (250)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|                  |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    24-30 Hilz    |    24-30 Hilz    |     35 Haacke    |     35 Haacke
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   48        (77) |  53         (85) |   56        (90) |   53        (85)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |  43         (70) |   50        (80) |   46        (75)
+  Number built during 1912.    |         1        |         3        |         1        |      _Building._
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+
+SIGISMUND. Prinz Sigismund von Preussen, Berlin.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+         Model and date.       |    Monoplane.    |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   29-1/2     (9) |
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   42-3/4    (13) |
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  323        (30) |
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  950       (430) |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  395       (180) |
+  ~Motor~                      |    Argus, 100    |
+  ~Speed~     max. m.p.h. (km.)|   56        (90) |
+  Number built during 1912     |         2        |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+
+
+~U~
+
+
+UNION FLUGZEUGWERKE. Union Flugzeugwerke G. m. b. H. Elsenstrasse 106 &
+107, Berlin s. o. 36. Established 1913. Capital 500,000 marks. Capacity
+of works: 20 machines a year.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+
+                               |    ~Bomhard.~    |
+         Model and date.       |   Pfeilflieger,  |
+                               |     ~1913.~      |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   32-3/4    (10) |
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   59        (18) |
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  450        (42) |
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)| 1235       (560) |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  617       (280) |
+  ~Motor~                      |     100 Argus    |
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   69       (110) |
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|   62       (100) |
+  Number built during 1912     |     New firm     |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+
+
+
+
+~W~
+
+
+WRIGHT. Flugmaschine Wright, G. m. b. H., Adlershof, bei Berlin. Company
+formed to trade in German rights for the Wright Bros.' patents.
+Considerable departures have been made from the U.S. pattern, and some
+have been built with a single propeller only. Capacity of works 100-150
+a year.
+
+[Illustration: Armoured war aeroplane.]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                               |      ~1912.~     |      ~1913.~     |      ~1913.~     |      ~1913.~
+                               |     Military.    |     Sporting.    |     Military.    |     Military.
+                               |                  |                  |                  |     4-seater.
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   28      (8.50) |   26-1/2  (8.20) |   31-1/2  (9.65) |        ...
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   39-1/2 (12.20) |   31      (9.60) |   40-1/2 (12.50) |   44-1/4 (13.50)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  452        (42) |  323        (30) |  463        (43) |  463        (43)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  992       (450) |  837       (380) | 1433       (650) | 1653       (750)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |  882       (400)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     55 N.A.G.    |     55 N.A.G.    |    100 Argus or  |        100
+                               |                  |                  |      Mercedes    |
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   50        (80) |   60        (95) |   60        (95) |   60        (95)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  Number built during 1912     |         10       |         ?        |        ...       |        ...
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+
+
+~Z~
+
+
+ZIEGLER. Ziegler, Potsdam. Established late in 1912.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+                               |     ~1912-13.~
+                               |     Monoplane.
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   31      (9.50)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   39-1/3    (12)
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|  344        (32)
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|  881       (400)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|  992       (450)
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    100 N.A.G.
+           {max.   m.p.h. (km.)|   60        (90)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |
+           {min.   m.p.h. (km.)|        ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|         2
+  Number built in 1912         |         1
+  -----------------------------+------------------
+
+
+
+
+GERMAN DIRIGIBLES.
+
+(Approximately 1000 m³=35,000 c. feet.)
+
+
+~Military.~
+
+  ----------+--------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+     Date.  |         Name.            |     Make.    | Type. |Capacity| Total|    Speed.   |       Remarks.
+            |                          |              |       | in m³. | H.P. | m.p.h. (km.)|
+  ----------+--------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+     1908   |   ~Z I~                  |  Zeppelin 3b |   r.  | 12100  |  190 | 29     (46) |      as _rebuilt_
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1910   |   ~Z II~                 |  Zeppelin 9b |   r.  | 18000  |  345 | 35     (56) |      as _rebuilt_
+       "    |   ~L. S I~               |Schütte Lanz 1|   r.  | 20000  |  540 | 40     (62) |
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1912   |   ~Z III~                |  Zeppelin 12 |   r.  | 17800  |  450 | 49     (79) |was _Schwaben L. Z 10_
+       "    |   ~L I~                  |  Zeppelin 14 |   r.  | 22000  |  450 | 48 (77-1/2) |    Naval: 1 gun
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1913   |   ~Z IV~ (Z I _Ersatz_)  |  Zeppelin 15 |   r.  | 21000  |  450 | 48 (77-1/2) |       4 guns
+  Building. |   ~L II~                 |  Zeppelin 16 |   r.  | 21000  |  450 | 48 (77-1/2) | Naval: _bldg._ 4 guns
+            |   ~S. L II~              |Schütte Lanz 2|   r.  | 26000  |  450 | 48 (77-1/2) |       _Building_
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+  ----------+--------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1908   |   ~P I~                  |  Parseval 2  |  n.r. |  3800  |   85 | 33-1/2 (54) |
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1911   |   ~P III~                |  Parseval 11 |  n.r. | 11000  |  400 | 42-1/2 (67) |
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1912   |   ~M I~                  |  Gross-Bas 2 |  s.r. |  6000  |  150 | 28     (45) | old 1908 _rebuilt_
+       "    |   ~M II~                 |  Gross-Bas 3 |  s.r. |  6000  |  150 | 28     (45) | old 1909 _rebuilt_
+       "    |   ~M III~                |  Gross-Bas 4 |  s.r. |  9000  |  300 | 42-1/2 (67) | old 1910 _rebuilt_
+            |                          |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1913   |   ~M IV~                 |  Gross-Bas 5 |  s.r. | 12000  |  400 | 44-1/2 (70) | old 1911 _rebuilt_
+       "    |   ~P II~ ersatz          |  Parseval 8  |  n.r. |  8250  |  300 | 41     (66) |     _Building_
+       "    |   ~P IV~                 |  Parseval 16 |  n.r. | 10000  |  360 | 45     (72) |     _Building_
+  ----------+--------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+
+
+~Private.~[D]
+
+  ------------+------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+     Date.    |         Name.          |     Make.    | Type. |Capacity| Total|    Speed    |        Remarks.
+              |                        |              |       | in m³. | H.P. | m.p.h (km.) |
+  ------------+------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+     1910     |   ~DEUTCHLAND 2~       |  Zeppelin 6a |   r.  |  15000 |  345 | 36     (58) | Deutschland _Ersatz_
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |        Delag
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1912     |   ~V. LUISE~           |  Zeppelin 11 |   r.  |  17000 |  450 | 40     (62) |        Delag
+       "      |   ~HANSA~              |  Zeppelin 13 |   r.  |  17000 |  450 | 40     (62) |        Delag
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1913     |   ~SACHSEN~            |  Zeppelin 17 |   r.  |  21000 |      | 48 (77-1/2) | _Building._ Delag
+    _Bldg._   |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+  ------------+------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1908     |   ~P. L 1~             |  Parseval 1  |  n.r. |   3200 |  185 | 20     (32) |
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1910     |   ~STOLLWERCK~         |  Parseval 6  |  n.r. |   9000 |  220 | 31     (50) |
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1911     |   ~P. L 9~             |  Parseval 9  |  n.r. |   2200 |   50 | 25     (40) |    Sporting[E]
+       "      |   ~R 2~                |  Ruthenberg 2|  n.r. |   1700 |      |             |   Experimental
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1912     |   ~SUCHARD~            |Suchard reb'lt|  n.r. |   6730 |  200 | 17     (28) | to be _rebuilt_ 1913
+       "      |   ~P. L XII~           |  Parseval 12 |  n.r. |   8800 |  220 | 33-1/2 (54) |
+              |                        |              |       |        |      |             |
+     1913     |   ~P. L 10~            |  Parseval 10 |  n.r. |   2200 |   50 | 25     (40) | _Building_: delayed
+       "      |   ~R 3~                | Ruthenberg 3 |  n.r. |   2700 |      |             |      _Building_
+  ------------+------------------------+--------------+-------+--------+------+-------------+----------------------
+
+
+
+~Dirigible Sheds.~
+(_See Note._)
+
+  Bickendorf bei Köln.
+  Biesdorf bei Berlin.
+ *Bitterfeld (_Parseval Co._)
+  Breslau.
+  Cuxhaven.
+  Düsseldorf (_Delag_)
+  Frankfurt a/m.
+  Friedrichshafen (_Zeppelin Co._)
+  Gotha.
+  Hamburg (_Delag_).
+ *Johannisthal (_L.V.G._)
+  Kiel (_private_).
+  Köln.
+  Königsberg i/Pr.
+  Leichlingen.
+  Manzell (_Zeppelin Co._)
+  Metz.
+ *München (_private_).
+  Oos bei Baden-Baden (_Delag_).
+  Potsdam (_Delag_)
+  Reinickendorf bei Berlin.
+  Rheinau.
+  Strassburg.
+  Stuttgart.
+  Thorn.
+
+Note.--Unless otherwise stated the above are military sheds. All private
+ones capable of holding _Zeppelins_ are subsidised. *=not large enough
+for _Zeppelins_.
+
+
+~Dirigible Pilots.~
+For M. dirigibles.
+
+  Geerdtz, Oblt.
+  George, Hptm.
+  v. Jena, Hptm.
+  Kirchner, Oberltn.
+  Lohmuller, Hptm.
+  Masius, Oberltn.
+  v. Muller, Hptm.
+  Nichisch v. Rosenegk, Oberltn.
+  Schlutter, Obltn.
+  Sperling, Major.
+  von Zech, Obltn.
+
+
+~Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+Z=Zeppelin. S=Schutte-Lanz. P=Parseval _pilot_.
+
+(The number after each name is the Imperial Ae. C. certificate number.)
+
+  Z Abercron, H. v. Major (1)
+  Z Bassus, K. v. (28)
+  Z Bentheim, Kapt. Lt. a. D. v. (34)
+  Z Blew (25)
+    Clouth, R. (8)
+  P Dinglinger, F. (2)
+  Z Dorr, W. E. (21)
+  Z Durr (9)
+  Z Eckener, Dr. (10)
+  P Forsbeck, Ob. Lt. A. D. (11)
+  Z Glund, F. (23)
+  Z Hacker, (12)
+  P Hackstetter, Reg. B. a. D. (13)
+  Z Hanne, G. (32)
+  Z Heinen, A. (22)
+  Z Holzmann, Ob. Lt. A. (26)
+  S Honold, R. (29)
+  P Hormel, Kap. Lt. (14)
+  P Jordens, W. (19)
+  P Kehler, R. v. (6)
+  P Kiefer, T. (5)
+    Kleist, Hptm. a. D. v. (15)
+ PZ Krogh, Hptm. a. D. v. (16)
+  Z Lange, K. (30)
+  Z Lau (17)
+  Z Lempertz, E. (33)
+  Z Mechlenburg, W. C. (35)
+  Z Meyer, Ob. Lt. E. (27)
+  P Parseval, A. v. (4)
+  Z Stahl, K. (31)
+  P Stelling, A. (3)
+  Z Sticker, J. (24)
+  P Thewaldt, C. H. (20)
+  Z Zeppelin, Graf. v. (7)
+  Z Zeppelin, Graf. F. v. junr. (18)
+
+
+=GERMAN MILITARY CLASS--GROSS-BASENACH. (Semi-rigid)=
+
+Up to date, these vessels have been designed by Major Gross and
+Oberingenieur Basenach.
+
+The utmost secrecy is observed as to their details.
+
+The system of employing 2 ballonets has been borrowed from the
+_Parseval_ type, and presumably the _Parseval_ system of working the
+automatic valves has also been adopted.
+
+In all other features, these ships appear to resemble the French
+_Lebaudy_ type, the shape of the hulls being rather better.
+
+
+List of ships built, re-built and re-building of this type:--
+
+  1                 = Aeronautical Society.   (1,800 m³) _non-effective._
+  2 (reconstructed) = M 1, Military.          (6,000 m³)
+  3       "         = M 2     "               (6,000 m³)
+  4       "         = M 3     "               (9,000 m³)
+  5       "         = M 4     "              (12,000 m³)
+
+
+M I (re-built 1912), & M II (re-built 1912). Military.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length,~ 242-3/4 feet} ~maximum diameter,~ 36 feet (11 m.) ~capacity~,
+212,000 c. feet (6,050 kg.) ~total lift~, 13,338 lbs. (6,000 m³) _about_
+6 tons
+
+~Useful lift.~--2,756 lbs. (1,250 kgs.)=about 1-1/4 tons.
+
+~Gas bag.~--Continental rubber cloth, diagonal thread. Tapering shape.
+
+~Ballonet.~--One-fifth of total volume.
+
+~Motors.~--2-75 h.p. Daimler. 2 propellers, with 3 aluminium blades.
+
+~Speed.~--About 28 m.p.h. (45 km.).
+
+_Remarks.--M I_ was originally built in 1908, re-built and enlarged 1910
+and again in 1912. _M II_ built 1909, re-constructed 1912.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+M III (re-built 1912). Military.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length~, 295-1/4 feet (90 m.) ~diameter~, 39-1/3 feet (12 m.) ~volume~,
+317,800 c. feet (9,000 m³.)
+
+~Motors.~--4 Körting of 75 h.p. each = 300 h.p. total.
+
+~Speed.~--19 metres per second = 42 m.p.h. (68-1/2 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--2, on outriggers from car, chain-driven.
+
+Remarks.--Built 1910. Burned 13th September, 1911. Rebuilt 1912.
+
+
+M IV (re-built 1913). Military.
+
+  +---------------------+
+  |                     |
+  +---------------------+
+
+~Maximum length~, 334-3/4 feet (102 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 44-1/2 feet
+(13.5 m.) ~volume~, 423,800 c. feet (12,000 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~-- lbs. ( kgs.) ~Useful lift~, lbs. ( kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Continental.
+
+~Motors.~--2 Körting, 100 h.p. each = total 200 h.p.
+
+~Speed.~--44-1/2 m.p.h. (70-1/2 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--4 (two for each motor.) Carried on outriggers projecting
+from the car.
+
+Remarks.--Departs from previous practice in having two separate cars,
+each of which contains one motor. Originally built in 1911 of 7,500 m³.
+Re-built 1912-1913 to details as above.
+
+
+=PARSEVAL CLASS (Non-rigid).=
+
+Luftfahrzeug-Gesellschaft m.b.H, Berlin, W. 62.
+
+When the "Motorluftschiff Studien Gesellschaft" was formed at the
+instigation of the German Emperor, a committee was formed to acquire an
+experimental airship of the most promising type. Major Von Parseval's
+first airship was selected, and since that time the above company has
+confined itself to improving this type, and to making exhaustive and
+costly researches, all of which have been embodied in successive ships.
+
+The characteristic feature of every one of these craft is its unequalled
+portability. Almost all other so-called Non-rigid vessels distribute the
+load by means of a long girder which also serves as a car. This girder
+is awkward to pack up and transport. Parseval uses a comparatively small
+car, and distributes the weight by hanging it further below the balloon
+than usual, and also by using 2 ballonets which are placed one near each
+end of the gas bag.
+
+These 2 ballonets enable the ship to be trimmed by merely pumping air
+into either at the expense of the other.
+
+Another essential feature of the type is the system by which the valves
+are worked automatically. At the present time there is no other system
+of valve working so reliable as this.
+
+A third essential feature of the class is the use of a swinging car, in
+such a manner that pitching, due to alterations of propeller thrust, is
+automatically checked by an alteration of the position of the centre of
+gravity.
+
+A fourth feature is the use of limp propeller blades. A propeller of
+this type is very easily packed up.
+
+The shape of these vessels is in accordance with the experiments of
+Professor Prandtl.
+
+Ships of this class built or building (figures supplied by the Parseval Co.):--
+
+    EXPERIMENTAL PARSEVAL                             2,300 m³.
+    P. L. 1     Kals. Ae. C                           3,200 m³.
+    MILITARY P I                                      4,000 m³.
+    MILITARY P II                                     6,600 m³.
+    P. L. 4     Austrian Military                     2,300 m³.
+    P. L. 5     Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft             1,450 m³.
+    P. L. 6       "             "                     9,000 m³.
+    P. L. 7     Russian Army                          7,600 m³.
+    P. L. 8     MILITARY P II Ersatz                  8,250 m³.
+    P. L. 9     Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft             2,200 m³.
+    P. L. 10     Motorluftschiff Studien Gesellschaft 2,200 m³.
+    MILITARY P III                                   11,000 m³.
+    P. L. 12     Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft            8,800 m³.
+    P. L. 13     Japanese Army                        8,500 m³.
+    P. L. 14     Russian Army                         9,500 m³.
+    P. L. 15     Italian Army                        10,000 m³.
+    P. L. 16     MILITARY P IV, Prussian Army        10,000 m³.
+    P. L. 17     Italian Army                        10,000 m³.
+    P. L. 18     British Navy                         8,800 m³.
+
+(Of the above, the Experimental is no longer in existence, _P. 2_ is out
+of service, and _P. L. 3_ has been burned and destroyed).
+
+
+PARSEVAL (P.L. 1). (1908.) (Belongs to the Kaiserl. Aero Club.)
+(Parseval class.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length,~ 197 feet (60 m.) ~max. diam.~ 31 feet (9.4 m) ~capacity,~
+113,000 c. feet (3,200m³) ~lifting power,~ 7,800 lbs. (3,583 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bag.~--Cylindrical, with semi-conical front. Of rubber-proofed
+material in longitudinal strips. Pressure in ballonets and gas bag, 30
+mm. of water.
+
+~Motor.~--One 85 h.p. Daimler.
+
+~Fuel.~--700 lbs. (325 kg.) 88 gallons (400 litres)
+
+~Speed.~--20 m.p.h. (32 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propeller.~--One 4-bladed. Semi-rigid Parseval.
+
+This vessel was somewhat altered on being bought by the Society. Her
+essential principle is that she can be taken to pieces in a few minutes,
+and carried in a truck. Her main feature is that she has a ballonet at
+each end. This is described in the case of type A (_P.L. 2_). This class
+rise with the forward ballonet empty, and inclined up by the bow. The
+propeller is similar to that of _P.L. 2_. The car also is mounted on
+wire runners. She was originally 4,000 m³. capacity. Built 1908.
+Station: Bitterfeld. The car is at present in Deutsches Museum, Munich.
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 2 = P. I. Military. (1908.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Built by the "Society for the Study of Motor Air Ships," and taken over
+by the German War Office.
+
+~Length,~ 197 feet (60 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 34 feet (10.40 m.)
+~capacity,~ 111,270 cubic feet (4,000 cubic m.) ~lifting power,~ 9,200
+lbs. (4,180 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bag.~--Front end semi-ellipsoidal with semi-axes 15.4 feet (4.7 m.)
+and 11.8 feet (3.6 m.), from which it increases to its maximum diameter.
+This is maintained for about two-thirds of its length, when it begins to
+taper to a point at the stern. Made of 2 layers of transverse strips of
+rubber proofed material, crossing each other diagonally. Fitted with a
+tearing strip.
+
+~Ballonets.~--One at each end, together amounting to about one-quarter
+of the total capacity. Owing to this disposition, the trim can be
+altered, and steering effected in the vertical plane by filling either
+more than the other. Pressure in the ballonets and gas bag, 20 mm. of
+water pressure.
+
+~Motor.~--4-cylinder 85 h.p. Daimler placed at one side of the car to
+give more room. 1,000 to 1,200 r.p.m.
+
+~Propellers.~--12-1/3 feet (3.75 m.) diameter, 250 to 300 r.p.m.
+4-bladed, the blades being of peculiar construction. When stopped, the
+fabric of which they are made hangs down limply; when running, these
+flaps fly out under centrifugal force.
+
+~Speed.~--27 miles per hour. 43 kilometers per hour.
+
+~Car.--Length~, 22-1/3 feet (6.8 m.) Width 4.1 feet (1.22 m.) Made of
+nickel steel, U bars, screwed together so as to take the pieces rapidly.
+The sides are lattice girders. The whole is boat shaped and covered with
+canvas. Contains motor, chart table; trail rope 480 feet (146 m.) long,
+weighing 220 lbs. (100 kg.)
+
+Wheel for horizontal steering at the bow.
+
+110 gal. (500 litre) cask of petrol on the girders at the after point.
+
+41 feet (12-1/2 m.) below the gas bag. It is capable of swinging
+horizontally on wires running over rollers.
+
+Whereas without this device a forward swing of the car would lift the
+nose to a possibly dangerous extent, the free motion of the car shifts
+the centre of the gravity forward and so preserves stability.
+
+~Steering.~--In vertical plane, by altering the trim. In horizontal
+plane, by a rudder of 80.7 sq. feet (7-1/2 m²) immediately behind the
+vertical plane. Two fixed horizontal planes are placed at the rear end
+of the gas bag above the central line.
+
+[Illustration: PARSEVAL II.]
+
+~Table of weights~:--
+
+  Gas bag                           1,653  lbs.
+  Cordage                             220.5 "
+  Trail rope                          220   "
+  Car and motor                       529   "
+  Fuel                                770   "
+  Oil                                 160   "
+  Oil and fuel tanks, instruments,
+  miscellaneous                     1,637   "
+  Crew, passengers, ballast         1,654   "
+                                    ---------
+               Total                6,834  lbs.
+
+Note.--This remarkably successful ship has performed a continuous flight
+of 11-1/2 hours. She also remained at a height of 4,800 feet (1,500 m.)
+for 1 hour. She can be transported in 1 railway truck or 2 pair horse
+wagons, and be assembled and filled ready for ascent within 3 hours of
+arrival by train.
+
+Built 1908. Station: Metz.
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 6. "Stollwerck." (1910.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length~, 229-3/4 feet (70 m.) ~Diameter~, 49-1/4 feet (15 m.) ~Volume~,
+318,000 c. feet (9,000 m³)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Riedinger.
+
+~Motors.~--2 N.A.G. of 110 h.p. each = 220 h.p.
+
+~Speed.~--31 m.p.h. (50 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 4-bladed. Semi-rigid material.
+
+Remarks.--Station, Johannisthal.
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 8. = P II. Ersatz. Military. (1913.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 252-3/4 feet (77 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 50-3/4 feet
+(15.50 m.) ~volume~, 290,000 c. feet (8,250 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--5-1/2 tons=12,125 lbs. (5,500 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--2 ballonets, usual arrangement.
+
+~Motors.~--300 h.p. made up of two 150 h.p. Daimler motors, placed one
+behind the other.
+
+~Speed.~--41 m.p.h. (66 km.)
+
+~Propellers.~--2 Parseval, 4-bladed, semi-rigid steel.
+
+~Steering.~--As in others.
+
+Remarks.--Station, Cologne, (Cöln).
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 9 (1910), & 10. (Building 1913.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 164 feet (50m.) ~maximum diameter~, 26-1/4 feet (8m.)
+~volume~, 77,700 c. feet (2,200m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--2,910 lbs. (1,320 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bag.~--Continental fabric. One central ballonet instead of the
+usual two.
+
+~Motors.~--1 N.A.G. of 50 h.p.
+
+~Speed.~--25 m.p.h. (40 k.p.h.)
+
+~Propellers.~--One 2-bladed, wooden. Diameter, 9-3/4 feet (3 m.)
+
+~Steering.~--Differs from other standard types, in that only one
+ballonet being fitted, an elevator is introduced under the bow.
+
+Remarks.--Small ships for sporting purposes. A remarkably successful
+type of small dirigible. A small _P.L. 5_, burned 1912. _P.L. 10_
+delayed owing to press of other work.
+
+[Illustration: PARSEVAL TYPE D.]
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 11. = P. III. Military. (1911.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 272-1/3 feet (83 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 53 feet
+(16.20 m.) ~volume~, 388,450 c. feet (11,000 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--
+
+~Gas bags.~--
+
+~Motors.~--2 Körting, each of 200 h.p.=400 total.
+
+~Speed.~--42 m.p.h. (67 k.p.h.) (18.3 metres p. sec.)
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 4-bladed Parseval.
+
+Remarks.--Built 1911. Station, Koenigsberg.
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 12. "Charlotte." (1912.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 259 feet (79 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 49-3/4 feet
+(15.20 m.) ~volume~, 300,750 c. feet (8,800 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--
+
+~Gas bags.~--
+
+~Motors.~--2 N.A.G. of 110 h.p. each=220 total.
+
+~Speed.~--33-1/2 m.p.h.=54 k.p.h. (15 m. per sec.)
+
+~Propellers.~--2 Parseval.
+
+~Steering.~--Usual.
+
+Remarks.--Built 1911. Station: Wanne.
+
+
+PARSEVAL P.L. 16 = P. IV. Military. (1913.)
+
+  +---------------+
+  |               |
+  | _Completing._ |
+  |               |
+  +---------------+
+
+~Maximum length~, 308-1/2 feet (94 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 51-1/2 feet
+(15.50 m.) ~volume~, 353,000 c. feet (10,000 m³.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Metzler.
+
+~Motors.~--2 Maybach, of 180 each=360 h.p.
+
+~Speed.~--45 m.p.h.=72 k.p.h. (20 m. per sec.)
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 4-bladed, wooden (on trial).
+
+Remarks.--For the Prussian Army. Station: Berlin.
+
+
+RUTHENBERG II. (1911). H. Ruthenberg, Lehderstrasse 16/19, Weissensee
+bei Berlin: also Luftfahrzeug-Ges, Ruthenberg, Krefeld.
+
+  +-----------------------------------+
+  |                                   |
+  |  _Small ships on Parseval lines.  |
+  | Still existing, but stored away._ |
+  |                                   |
+  +-----------------------------------+
+
+~Maximum length,~ 151 feet (46 m.) ~diameter~, 24-1/4 feet 7.40 (m.)
+~volume~, 60,000 c. feet (1,700 m³.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--
+
+~Motor.~--
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+~Propellers.~--2 Ruthenberg.
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+RUTHENBERG III. (1913).
+
+  +---------------+
+  |               |
+  |  _Building._  |
+  |               |
+  +---------------+
+
+~Length~, feet (m.) ~diameter~, feet (m.) ~volume~, 95,000 c. feet
+(2,700 m³)
+
+~Gas bags.~--
+
+~Motor.~--
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+~Propeller.~--Ruthenberg.
+
+Remarks.--
+
+
+SUCHARD. Non-rigid (Trans-Atlantic). (Re-constructed 1912).
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 198-1/2 feet (60/5 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 56-1/4 feet
+(17.11 m.) ~volume~, 237,681 cubic feet (6,730 m³.)
+
+~Total weight.~--About 2 tons (2,130 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Metzeler fabric. One ballonet.
+
+~Motors.~--2 of 100 h.p. (one a N.A.G., the other an Escher). Placed one
+behind the other. A 4 h.p. motor carried for auxiliary purposes. Petrol
+carried, (1700 kil.) Oil, (300 kil.)
+
+~Speed.~--17 m.p.h. (28 k.p.h).
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 2-bladed Zeise. Diameter, 9-3/4 feet (3 m.) Chain
+driven.
+
+~Steering.~--Elevation by moving weight slung on cable under body.
+Rudder aft.
+
+Remarks.--Built March, 1911, with a view to crossing the Atlantic from
+the Canaries to the Antilles. Re-constructed 1912. Proposed further
+re-construction in 1913.
+
+
+SCHÜTTE-LANZ 1. Military. S.L. I. (1911.) H. Heinrich Lanz, Rheinau bei
+Mannheim.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length,~ 426 feet (130 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 60-1/2 feet
+(18.40 m.) ~volume~, 706,000 c. feet (20,000 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~--About 20 tons (20,000 kgs.) ~Useful lift.~--About 5 tons
+(5,000 kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--These are of great strength and of unusual shapes, made to
+fit the interior, which is encumbered with cross stays. All but two of
+the bags are always full, and when the gas expands it flows into the
+remaining two, which are nearly empty at sea level, and full at 6500
+feet (2,000 m.) A centrifugal pump is used for distributing the gas.
+There are 14 gas bags.
+
+~Motors.~--2 Maybach of 270 h.p. each. The propellers are at the ends of
+the car, driven through 1 set of reduction gear. ~Speed.~--38-43 m.p.h.
+About 59-64 k.p.h.
+
+~Propellers.~--2 aft. Also 1 with its axis vertical.
+
+~Steering.~--Vertical and horizontal rudders at both ends of the ship.
+Also see Propellers.
+
+Remarks.--Two of these ships were under construction, and one was to be
+presented and one sold to the German government. The hull is built of
+special 3-ply wood made of Russian white fir; this wood is pressed into
+channel bars, angle bars, and all other requisite shapes. The strength
+of the hull is such that it can be supported at the ends without damage;
+its lightness is such that although the ship is nearly half as large
+again as _Zeppelin II_, yet the hull weighs about 3 tons less. Designed
+by Prof. Schütte.
+
+In 1910, structural defects were found in _Schütte I_ when the loads
+were applied. This has necessitated extensive alterations and much
+delay. In 1911 it was completed, and sold for £25,000 to the German
+Army.
+
+
+SCHÜTTE-LANZ 2. Military. S.L. II. (1913.)
+
+  +------------------------------+
+  |                              |
+  |          _Building._         |
+  |  Enlarged edition  of above. |
+  | 918,000 c. feet (26,000 m³.) |
+  |                              |
+  +------------------------------+
+
+
+ZEPPELIN type. Rigid. Graf von Zeppelin, Friedrichshafen.
+
+The features of this type are--A rigid framework of aluminium, a number
+of drum-shaped gas bags, and a thin outer cover.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the total of _Zeppelins_, limit and building
+was 16, including one (number 18) for Austria. Of these several had come
+to grief in various ways, and the actual total at the date mentioned,
+was:--
+
+~8 effective~ = 4 Army (of which one _Z4_ was still on trials), 1 naval
+and 3 private.
+
+3 completing or building = 1 naval, 1 private and 1 for Austria.
+
+Others projected but not actually in hand.
+
+All are on the lines of the above plan, differing only in minor details,
+such as the provision of a cabin amidships, etc., and in dimensions.
+
+Details see the following pages.
+
+  ----------------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------
+                              |                  |      _Ersatz._    |                  |                   |      ~Z III.~      |                  |                  |   _(Ersatz Z I.)_  |                  |
+          Name                |      ~Z I.~      |   ~DEUTSCHLAND.~  |      ~Z II.~     |   ~VICT. LUISE.~  |   _(ex Schwaben)_  |      ~HANSA.~    |       ~L I.~     |       ~Z IV.~      |      ~L II.~     |     ~SACHSEN.~
+         ~Zeppelin~ No.       |       ~3b.~      |        ~6a.~      |       ~9b.~      |       ~11.~       |        ~12.~       |       ~13.~      |        ~14.~     |        ~15.~       |       ~16.~      |       ~17.~
+          Date                |      ~1908.~     |       ~1910.~     |      ~1911.~     |      ~1912.~      |       ~1912.~      |      ~1912.~     |       ~1912.~    |       ~1913.~      |      ~1913.~     |      ~1913.~
+          Service             |      ~Army.~     |      "Delag."     |      ~Army.~     |     "Delag."      |       ~Army.~      |     "Delag."     |       ~Navy.~    |       ~Army.~      |      ~Navy.~     |     "Delag."
+  ----------------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------
+                      {c. feet|     424,000      |     682,000       |     635,000      |      667,000      |      629,000       |     660,000      |     776,000      |      742,000       |     742,000      |     742,000
+  ~Volume~            {       |                  |                   |                  |                   |                    |                  |                  |                    |                  |
+                      {  (m³.)|     ~12,000~     |     ~19,000~      |     ~18,000~     |      ~18,700~     |      ~17,800~      |     ~18,700~     |     ~22,000~     |      ~21,000~      |     ~21,000~     |     ~21,000~
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|  446       (136) |  479        (136) |  459       (140) |  485-1/2    (148) |  459         (140) |  485-1/2   (148) |  518       (158) |  492         (150) |  492       (150) |  492       (150)
+  ~Diameter~         feet (m.)|   38-1/2 (11.66) |   46         (14) |   46        (14) |   46         (14) |   46          (14) |   46        (14) |   47-1/2  (14.5) |   47-1/2    (14.5) |   47-1/2  (14.5) |   47-1/2  (14.5)
+  ~Envelope~                  |     Pegamoid     |        ...        |        ...       |        ...        |        ...         |        ...       |        ...       |        ...         |        ...       |        ...
+                       {fabric|    Continental   |    Continental    |        ...       |        ...        |    Continental     |        ...       |        ...       |        ...         |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Gas Bags~           {      |                  |                   |                  |                   |                    |                  |                  |                    |                  |
+                       {number|         17       |         16        |         16       |         18        |         16         |         18       |        ...       |         18         |        ...       |        ...
+                  {total  tons|         12-1/2   |         16-1/2    |         17       |         19        |         17         |         19       |         22       |         21         |         21       |         21
+  ~Lift~          {           |                  |                   |                  |                   |                    |                  |                  |                    |                  |
+                  {useful tons|          3-1/2   |          5        |          4-1/2   |        ...        |          4-1/2     |        ...       |          6       |        ...         |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motors~                h.p.|   2--85 Daimler  |   3--115 Daimler  |   3--120 Maybach |   3--150 Maybach  |   3--150 Maybach   |  3--150 Maybach  |  3--150 Maybach  |   3--150 Maybach   |                  |
+                              |      (= 170)     |      (= 345)      |      (= 360)     |      (= 450)      |      (= 450)       |     (= 450)      |     (= 450)      |      (= 450)       |      (= 450)     |      (= 450)
+               {number        |         4        |         4         |         4        |         4         |         4          |        4         |        4         |         4          |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Propellers~ {blades        |         2        |         2         |         2        |         2         |         2          |       ...        |   2 forward}     |    2 forward}      |        ...       |        ...
+               {              |                  |                   |                  |                   |                    |                  |   4 aft    }     |    4 aft    }      |                  |
+               {diam feet (m.)|        ...       |   12       (3.60) |        ...       |        ...        |        ...         |       ...        |       ...        |        ...         |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Max. Speed~    m.p.h. (km.)|   29        (46) |   36       (57.5) |   35        (56) |   40         (62) |   49          (79) |   40        (62) |   48        (77) |   48          (77) |   48        (77) |   48        (77)
+  ~Full speed endurance~  hrs.|         15       |         20        |         20       |         40        |         25         |        40        |        35        |        ...         |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Complement~                |        ...       |        ...        |        ...       |{8 crew            |        ...         |       ...        |        21        |        ...         |        ...       |        ...
+                              |                  |                   |                  |{25 passengers     |                    |                  |                  |                    |                  |
+  ~Station~                   |       Metz       |        Oos        |      Cologne     |      Wechselnd    |      Cologne       |    Weschselnd    |      Hamburg     |        ...         |   Johannisthal   |      Leipsig
+  ----------------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+-------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+[Illustration: Z1 Military. (1908.) _Obsolete._ Shortly to be struck off
+list.]
+
+[Illustration: ERSATZ DEUTSCHLAND. (Private.) (1910.)]
+
+[Illustration: Z II. Military. (1911.)]
+
+[Illustration: VIKTORIA LUISE. (Private.) (1912).]
+
+[Illustration: Z III. Military. (1912.)]
+
+[Illustration: Zeppelin dirigible. Sachsen.]
+
+[Illustration: HANSA. (Private). (1912.)]
+
+
+L I. Naval. (1912.) Armament: 1 gun on top.
+
+  +-----------------------------+
+  |                             |
+  |    No photo procurable.     |
+  | Generally resembles _Z IV._ |
+  |                             |
+  +-----------------------------+
+
+
+[Illustration: _Photo. Deliius._
+
+Z IV. Military. (1913). Armament: 1 gun on top, 1 in each gondola, 1 can
+be lowered from central cabin]
+
+
+
+
+GREEK.
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     _None._
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _None._
+
+
+
+~Military Aeroplanes:~--
+
+At end of March, 1913, these included:--1 _Astra_ hydro. (fitted with
+Scott's bomb dropper), 2 or 3 _Nieuports_, 1--100 h.p. _M. Farman_, and
+probably some others. Owing to the war, details are unobtainable. 3
+_Bleriots_ reported captured from the Turks, and 15 _Farmans_ on order.
+
+
+~Military Aviators:~--
+
+  Adamis (824 Ae. C. F.)
+  Kamberos (744 Ae. C. F.)
+  Montoussis (839 Ae. C. F.)
+  Mutassas, Sub-lt., naval.
+  Savoff, Lt.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds~:--
+
+     ~Phaleron.~
+
+
+  +------------------+
+  |   Killed 1913.   |
+  | Argyropulus, Lt. |
+  |                  |
+  |                  |
+  +------------------+
+
+
+
+
+ITALIAN.
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Ae. C. d'Italia (Ae.C.I.), 62 via Colonna, Rome.
+
+     Ae. Club di Roma (Ae.C.I.), 183, via del Triton, Rome.
+
+     Circolo, Aeronautico Napoletano, 295 v. Roma, Naples.
+
+     Lega Aerea Nazionale (L.A.N.), 6 via della Signora, Milan.
+
+     Societa Aeronautica Italiana (S.A.I.), 4 via Boccaccio, Milan.
+
+     Societa Aeronautica Italiana (S.A.I.), 6, via Cernaia, Turin.
+
+     Societa Aviazone, di Torino (S.A.T.), 28 via Roma, Turin.
+
+     Societa Ital. di Aviazone, (S.I.A.), 14 v. Monte Napoleone, Milan.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+
+     (3 times a week.)
+
+     _Gazzetta dello Sport_, 15 v. della Signora, Milan. L--.05 (=1/2d.)
+
+     (Weekly):
+
+     _Italia Sportiva_, Rome. L--.05 per no. (=1/2d.)
+
+     _Lettura Sportiva_, 17 corso Porta Romana, Milan. L--.10 (=1d.)
+
+     _Sports (Gli)._ 46 and dei Prefretti, Rome. L--.05 (=1/2d.)
+
+     _Stampa Sportiva_, 3 v. Davide Bertolotti, Turin. L--.10 (=1d.)
+
+     _Tribuna Sport_, 22 via S. Giacomo, Naples. L--.10 (=1d.)
+
+     (Monthly):
+
+     _Rivista della L.A.N._ (Lega Aerea Nazionale), Milan.
+
+     _Rivista del T.C.I._ (Touring Club Italiano), 14 v. Monte
+     Napoleone, Milan. L--.40 (=4d.)
+
+     _La Navigazione Aerea_ (Bolletino dell' Ae. C. d'Italia). L--1.80
+     (=1/6.)
+
+     (Annual):
+
+     _Annuario dell' Aeronautica_ (Touring Club Italiano), 14 v. Monte
+     Napoleone, Milan. L--6.00 (=5/-)
+
+
+~Flying Grounds~ (Military see next page):--
+
+     ~Cameri~, Novara.--15 hangars (Thouvenot school).
+
+     ~Mirafiore~, Turin.--17 hangars (Asteria and Chiribiri schools).
+
+     ~S. Giusto~, Pisa.--4 hangars (Antoni school).
+
+     ~Taliedo~, Milan.--26 hangars.
+
+     ~Vizzola Ticino.~--7 hangars (Caproni school).
+
+
+~Dirigible Headquarters~ (with hangars, etc., etc.):--
+
+  Bracciano.
+  Milan.
+  Rome.
+  Venice.
+  Verona.
+
+
+~ITALIAN MILITARY AVIATION.~
+
+~ORGANISATION, etc.~
+
+The _Battaglione Aviatori_ has its headquarters at Turin. In July, 1912,
+it was re-organised along the following lines:--
+
+  1 command at Turin.
+  1 flying work.
+  1 technical work.
+  2 troop duty.
+  6 at the aviation schools, with a certain number of mobile squadrillos.
+
+The recognised grades are:--
+
+  _a.a.p._ aspirante allievo (learners).
+    _a.p._ allievo pilota (certificated pilots).
+      _p._ pilota militare (superior military brevet).
+
+In flying work the superior pilots are mostly using _Bleriots_; the
+ordinary pilots _Bleriot-Caproni_, _Bristol_, _Antonis_, _Deperdussins_
+and _Voisins_.
+
+The technical section chiefly supervises the theoretical instruction of
+the _a.a.p._
+
+The 2 companies on troop duty practical work, preparation for the
+schools.
+
+
+~FLYING SCHOOLS.~
+
+The military schools are:--
+
+     ~Aviano.~--Central school. Size about 5×2 kilometres. Sheltered
+     from all winds except westerly, by banks of trees. Numerous
+     hangers.
+
+     ~Mirafiori (Turin).~--Mixed military and civil school. Hangers.
+     School machines confined to _Asteria_, _Bleriot_, _Nieuport_ and
+     _Savary_ types.
+
+     ~Pordenone.~--School for superior brevets. Treeless plain.
+     Principal school machines _Breguets_ and _Farmans_; but some
+     _Bleriots_ and _Caproni_.
+
+     ~S. Francesco al Campo.~--_M. Farman_ machines. At present for
+     officers trained in France.
+
+     ~Somma Lombarda.~--Camp school for _Nieuports_.
+
+     ~Venaria Reale.~--Formed late in 1912. _Bristol_ monos for
+     certificated pilots.
+
+
+~GENERAL TRAINING.~
+
+50 officers in training during the first quarter of 1913.
+
+Aspirants commence with instruction in the theory of heavier than air
+machines, resistance of material and particular instruction in the
+various type of aero motors in use. They are taken for flights as
+passengers.
+
+All then go to the training camp about 80% for monoplane work, the
+remainder for biplanes.
+
+Monoplanes. Special attention paid to teaching _Gauchis Dessent_.
+
+Biplanes. Much shorter course. Principal feature: _Vol Plané_.
+
+For the _military brevet_ the examination is most comprehensive, special
+attention is paid to flying in wind, manoeuvring, climbing, good
+landings without inconvenience to passengers, cross country flights,
+etc. The course is generally modelled on war experiences.
+
+
+~TOTAL FLYING STRENGTH.~
+
+No particular distinction between naval and military aviators.
+
+Total by end of June, 1913, to be about 225 certificated aviators of
+whom a fair percentage hold the superior brevet. In addition all the
+best civilian aviators are held at disposal.
+
+
+~Military Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of 1911 there were about 20 machines, mostly _Bleriots_ and
+_Farmans_. The majority of these are still in use for school purposes.
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the machines effective for war purposes were
+roughly as follows:--
+
+  _Bleriot._        }
+  _Bristol_ (mono.) }
+  _Caproni._        }
+  _Deperdussin._    }   Total _about_ 50, plus a number
+  _Farman._         }        of school machines.
+  _Hanriot._        }
+  _Nieuport._       }
+  _Savary._         }
+
+About 40 machines were on order, including 12 _Bristol-Capronies_.
+
+
+~Naval Aeroplanes.~
+
+Effective at end of March, 1913.
+
+  1 _Calderara_.
+  1 _Guidoni-Farman_.
+  4 or 5 others.
+
+
+~ITALIAN AVIATORS.~
+
+Military.
+
+  Agostoni, Capt. V. (45)
+  Bailo, Lieut. (71)
+ *Bolla, Capt. (89)
+  Cannonieri, Lieut. (22)
+ +Cammarotta, Lieut. (15F)
+  De Filippi, Com. (5)
+ *De Rada, Lieut. (38)
+ *Falchi, Capt. (55)
+  Garassini. (29)
+ *Gavotti, Lieut. (25)
+  Gazzera, Lieut. (20)
+  Guidoni, Capt. (58)
+ *Lampugnani, Lieut. (33)
+ +Manazini, Lieut. (98)
+  Moizo, Capt. (40)
+  Neri, Lieut. (345-Ae. C. F.) (106)
+ *Palmadi, Cesnola Lieut. (75)
+ *Piazza, Major (44)
+  Pizzagalli, Capt. (49)
+  Poggi, Lieut. (82)
+  Prandoni, Capt. (69)
+ *Pulvirenti, Lieut. (50)
+  Raffaelli, Lieut. A. (108)
+  Ravelli (453, Ae. C. F.)
+  Roberti, Lieut. (47)
+  Rossi, Capt. (27)
+ +Saghetti, Lieut. (16)
+  Savoia, Lieut. T. U. (4)
+  Surdi, Lieut. (32)
+ *Vece, Lieut. F. (74)
+ +Vivaldi, Lieut. (31)
+
+_Brevets in 1912._
+
+  Andriani, Capt. O. (137)
+  Antonini, Capt. L. (91)
+  Almerigi, F. (159)
+  Alvisi, Lieut. A. (172)
+  Baglione, Lieut. A. (129)
+  Baracca, F. (167)
+  Bonamici, L. (101)
+  Bongiovanni, Lieut. E. (115)
+  Bongiovanni, c. L. (124)
+  Bonuti, R. (135)
+  Brach, Lieut. F. (146)
+  Buzzi, Lieut. M. (156)
+  Calderara, Lieut. A. (134)
+  Calori, S. (136)
+  Capuzzo (143)
+  Casabella, Lieut, G. (121)
+  Clerici, Lieut. U. (110)
+  Cuzzo, Capt. A. (166)
+  De Giovanni, Lieut. G. (101)
+  De Riso, Lieut. G. (153)
+  Della Chiesaconte, Lieut. A. (109)
+  Ercole, Lieut. E. (117)
+  Franceschini, Lieut. E. (112)
+  Gallotti, Lieut. A. (150)
+  Garino ing. G. (134)
+  Girotti, Lieut. M. (100)
+  Gordesco, Lieut. M. (151)
+ *Graziani, Lieut, C. (92)
+  Jacoponi, Lieut. A. (171)
+  Kerbaker, Lieut. E. (99)
+  Laureati, Lieut. G.
+  Leffi dott. sott. med. A. (169)
+ *Mareno, M. A. (90)
+  Moreno, Capt. G. (78)
+  Nosari, G. (142)
+ *Novellis di Coarazze, Capt. A. (94)
+  Oddo, A. (147)
+  Pagano, P. (158)
+  Palpacelli, A. (164)
+  Perrucca, D. (162)
+  Poggioli, Q. (107)
+  Pongelli, R. (60)
+  Porta, Capt. E. (145)
+  Prandoni, Capt. E. (69)
+  Resio, Lieut. (120)
+  Rosetti, A. (157)
+  Russi, Lieut. S. (152)
+  Suglia, Lieut. C. (118)
+  Torelli, F. (165)
+  Valdimiro, Lieut. F. (170)
+  Venanzi, U. (155)
+  Zanuso, Lieut. G. (149)
+
+
+Naval.
+
+(_To end of 1911_).
+
+  Calderara, Lieut. (1)
+  Ginnochio, Lieut. (18)
+ *Rossi, Sub. Lieut. (31)
+  Strobin, Lieut. (39)
+
+(_During 1912_).
+
+ De Muro, Lieut. (119)
+ Frigerio, Lieut. (154)
+ Scelsi, Capt. difreg. G.
+
+
+Private.
+
+(_To end of 1911_).
+
+  Akachew, C. (61)
+  Amerigo (3)
+  Barigiola, G. (51)
+  Battagli, B. (34)
+  Bianchi, P. (6)
+  Biego, C. (56)
+  Bigliani, A. (63)
+  Borgotti, G. (43)
+  Brilli, D. G. (48)
+  Brociner, M. (87)
+  Cagno, U. (10)
+  Cagliani, A. (23)
+  Cannoniere, Umberto (22)
+  Cattaneo, Bartelomo (2)
+  Cavaglia, Pietro (30)
+  Cavalieri, Alfredo (17)
+  Cei, J. (53, Ae. C. F.)
+  Casaroni, A. (77)
+ +Cirri, Ciro (11)
+  Cobianchi, Mariot (24)
+  Darioli, Ernesto (9)
+  Da Zara, Leonino (7)
+  De Agostina, A. (53)
+  De Antonis, A. (67)
+  Faccioli, Mario (21)
+  Franzoni, R. (62)
+  Garassini, G. G. (29)
+  Gianfelice (59)
+  Ginnochio, T. (18)
+  Graziani, nob. Ettere (28)
+  Lusetti, A. (19)
+  Maffeis, C. (36)
+  Maggiora, C. (72)
+  Manissero, R. (37)
+ +Marra, R. (35)
+  Marro, E. (52)
+  Mogafico, Mario (26)
+  Mosca, Francesco (47)
+  Pasquali, R. (66)
+  Picollo, G. (32)
+  Poggioli, Quinto (117)
+  Porro, A. (113)
+  Ramasotto, M. M. (148)
+  Ravetto, Clemento (12)
+  Ré, Umberto (86)
+  Ruggerone, G. (14)
+  Sabelli, G. (93)
+  Santoni, L. (114)
+  Stucchi, Federico (8)
+  Verona, A. (54)
+
+(_Brevets in 1912_).
+
+  Amour, ing. E.
+  Arista, A. (131)
+  Ballerini, M. (132)
+  Bergonzi, P. C. (78)
+  Berni, L. (95)
+ +Bertoletti, R. (79)
+  Borsalino, G. M. (102)
+  Brunetta D'Usseaux, G. (125)
+  Carabelli, C. (104)
+ +Caramanlaki, A. (97)
+  Caramanlaki, G. (168)
+  Carminati di, B. N. (163)
+  Colucci, G. (80)
+  Corsini, J. C. (133)
+  Corsini, A. E. (85)
+  Dalla, N. C. (126)
+  Dal Mistro, C. A. (127)
+  De Campo conte, S. (103)
+  Fabri, A. (165)
+  Facchini, E. (141)
+  Garino, G. (134)
+  Gelmetti, A. (83)
+  Grassi, conte A. (88)
+  Leonardi, G. (122)
+  Mandelli, P. (96)
+  Marazzi, E. (140)
+  Nardini, G. (128)
+  Paolucci, G. (144)
+  Piceller, G. (105)
+  Sacerdoti, C. (116)
+  Salengo, R. (138)
+  Vallet, C. (86)
+  Zorra, L. (84)
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of March, 1913, there were about 45 machines in use at the
+various private schools, and about 6 privately owned aeroplanes.
+
+
+
+
+ITALIAN AEROPLANES
+
+
+
+~A~
+
+
+ANTONI. Soc. di aviazione Antoni, via Vitt. Emanuele, 46, Pisa. School:
+S. Guisto, Pisa. Output capacity: about 20 machines a year.
+
+  ----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
+                              |    ~1912-13.~     |     ~1912-13.~    |
+                              | Single seat mono. | 2-seater military |
+                              |                   |       mono.       |
+  ----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|  33          (10) |  36          (11) |
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|  28        (8.50) |  28        (8.50) |
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)| 172          (16) | 237          (22) |
+           {machine lbs. (kg.)| 660         (300) | 770         (350) |
+  ~Weight~ {                  |                   |                   |
+           {useful  lbs. (kg.)|        ...        |        ...        |
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|  Gnome or Anzani  | Gnome and Anzani  |
+           {max.  m.p.h. (km.)|        ...        |        ...        |
+  ~Speed~  {                  |                   |                   |
+           {min.  m.p.h. (km.)|        ...        |        ...        |
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|        ...        |        ...        |
+  Number built during 1912    |        ...        |        ...        |
+  ----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
+
+
+ASTERIA. Fabbr. Ital. Aeroplani ing. Darbesio e. C., via Salbertrand,
+12, Torino (Turin). School: Mirafiori. Capacity: small.
+
+  -----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+                               |   ~1912-13.~    |   ~1912-13.~    |
+                               |   Monoplane.    |    Biplane.     |
+  -----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|  21-3/4  (6.50) |  29-1/2     (9) |
+                              {|  26-1/2  (8.10) |  44     (13.50) |
+  ~Span~             feet (m.){|                 |                 |
+                              {|       ...       |  24-1/2  (7.50) |
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)| 162        (15) | 431        (40) |
+           {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 530       (240) | 110       (500) |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                 |                 |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|       ...       |       ...       |
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|    50 Gnome     |   70 Renault    |
+           {max.  m.p.h.  (km.)|       ...       |       ...       |
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                 |                 |
+           {min.  m.p.h.  (km.)|       ...       |       ...       |
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|       ...       |       ...       |
+  Number built during 1912     |       ...       |       ...       |
+  -----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
+
+
+
+~C~
+
+
+CALDERARA. Navy hydro-monoplane.
+
+  ----------------------------+--------------------
+        Model ~1912-13.~      |     "Hydro vol."
+  ----------------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   54       (16.50)
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   61       (18.50)
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|  753          (70)
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)| 2644        (1200)
+  ~Weight~ {                  |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)|        ...
+  ~Motor~                h.p.{| 150 (formerly 100
+                             {|      Gnome)
+            {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   62         (100)
+  ~Speed~   {                 |
+            {min. m.p.h. (km.)|   50          (80)
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|       6-1/2
+  Number Built during 1912    |         1
+  ----------------------------+--------------------
+
+Lieut. Calderara's floats consist of a plurality of w.t. compartments
+with internal lattice frame, well braced. Hull is formed of three skins
+of wood, sail-cloth between each. Distance between outer floats, 21 feet
+(6.30 m.) Centre of gravity is only 4-1/2 feet (1.40 m.) above water. If
+necessary wings can be cut away and the central hull used as a boat with
+emergency sail.
+
+[Illustration: CALDERARA. UAS.]
+
+
+CAPRONI. Soc. di Aviazione Ingg, Caproni e Faccanoni, Vizzola Ticino.
+School: Vizzola Ticino.
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+        Models ~1912-13.~      |    Single Seat   |    Single Seat   |  2-seater mono.  |  3-seater mono.
+                               |     mono. A.     |     mono. B.     |                  |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   26-1/4     (8) |   26-1/4     (8) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   29      (8.80) |   29      (8.80) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Area~          sq. ft. (m².)|  162        (15) |  162        (15) |  172        (16) |  226        (21)
+           {machine lbs. (kgs.)|  485       (220) |  660       (300) |  750       (340) |  760       (345)
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     35 Anzani    |     50 Gnome     |     60 Anzani    |     80 Gnome
+           {max.  m.p.h.  (km.)|   56        (90) |   75       (120) |   75       (120) |   87       (140)
+  ~Speed~  {                   |                  |                  |                  |
+           {min.  m.p.h.  (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|       3-1/2      |        ...       |        ...       |         4
+  Number built during 1912     |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Remarks.--At the end of 1912, held Italian record for speed, 200-300
+k.m. Flown by Cobioni.
+
+
+CAPRONI-BRISTOL. Caproni also builds under Bristol license.
+
+
+CHIRIBIRI. A Chiribiri e. C, via Lamarmora 28, and via Don Bosco 68-73.
+Torino (Turin).
+
+[Illustration: CHIRIBIRI.]
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+        Models ~1912-13.~      |   45 h.p. mono.  |   50 h.p. mono.  |   Racing mono.   |   80 h.p. mono.
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   23         (7) |   23         (7) |   24-3/4  (7.50) |   25-3/4  (7.80)
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   29-1/2     (9) |   29-1/2     (9) |   31      (9.30) |   39-2/3 (12.10)
+  ~Area~          sq. ft. (m².)|  204        (19) |  204        (19) |  226        (21) |  258        (24)
+          {machine  lbs. (kgs.)|  595       (270) |  683       (310) |  772       (350) |  595        (270)
+  ~Weight~{                    |                  |                  |                  |
+          {useful   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|   45 Chiribiri   |   50 Chiribiri   |   60 Chiribiri   |   80 Chiribiri
+          {max.   m.p.h.  (km.)|   44        (70) |   56        (90) |  103       (165) |   65       (105)
+  ~Speed~ {                    |                  |                  |                  |
+          {min.   m.p.h.  (km.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  Number built during 1912     |        ...       |        ...       |         2        |        ...
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+
+
+~F~
+
+
+FRIULI. E. Pensuti e E. Calligaro, Pordenone. School: Pordenone. A 30-35
+h.p. Anzani motor monoplane. Area, 150 sq. feet. (14 m²). Generally of
+_Bleriot_ type, but _Hanriot_ type landing carriage.
+
+
+
+~G~
+
+
+GUIDONI. Naval Hydroavions. Either a _Farman_ biplane or a _Nieuport_
+mono. is used, mounted on special floats designed by Capitano del Genio
+navale Guidoni. There are two long floats, each of which is fitted with
+parallel fins.
+
+
+~FOREIGN AGENCIES.~
+
+Foreign types of machines are constructed in Italy under licenses as
+follows:--
+
+BLERIOT. Soc. Ital. Transaerea, corso Peschiera 25, Torino (Turin).
+
+BRISTOL. (British), by Caproni.
+
+DEPERDUSSIN. Soc. Ital. degli Aeroplani, via Giulini 7b, Milan.
+
+NIEUPORT. Carrozzeria Macchi. Varese.
+
+
+
+
+ITALIAN DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+~ITALIAN MILITARY DIRIGIBLES.~
+
+                                                                              ~Army.~                                                                ~Navy.~
+                                  /----------------------------------------------^--------------------------------------------------\ /-----------------^-----------------\
+  --------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+      Name and Date.              |      ~P1.~       |    ~P2 & P3.~    |    ~P4 & P5.~    |  ~Citta di Milano~   |   ~Parseval.~    |      ~M1.~       |   ~M2 & M3.~
+                                  |      1909.       |   1910 & 1911.   |     both 1912.   |        1912.         |    (P.L. 17).    |      1912.       |   1912 & 1913.
+                                  |                  |                  |                  |                      |     1912-13.     |                  |
+  --------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                         { c. feet|      148,000     |      155,000     |      166,000     |        424,000       |      353,000     |      424,000     |      424,000
+  ~Volume~               {        |                  |                  |                  |                      |                  |                  |
+                         {   (m³.)|     (~4200~)     |     (~4400~)     |     (~4700~)     |      (~12000~)       |    (~10000~)     |     (~12000~)    |     (~12000~)
+  ~Length~               feet (m.)|  197        (60) |  207        (63) |  207        (63) |  233            (72) |  279        (85) |  272-1/3    (83) |   272-1/3   (83)
+  ~Diameter~             feet (m.)|   38     (11.60) |   38     (11.60) |   39-1/3    (12) |   59            (18) |   52-1/2    (16) |   56        (17) |   56        (17)
+              {fabric             |       Silk       |    Continental   |    Continental   |          ...         |     Riedinger    |      Metzeler    |      Metzeler
+  ~Gas bags~  {compartments       |        7         |         8        |         8        |          ...         |         0        |        ...       |        ...
+              {ballonets          |        1         |         1        |         1        |          ...         |         2        |        ...       |        ...
+                 {total tons      |       3.50       |        3.50      |        3.75      |          ...         |        ...       |        9.50      |       9.50
+  ~Lift~         {useful tons     |       1.10       |        1.35      |        1.50      |          ...         |       3.00       |        3.80      |       3.80
+  ~Motor~                   h.p. {| 1-100 C. Bayard  | 1-120 C. Bayard  |     2-80 Fiat    |    2-85/100 Isotta   |   2-170 Maybach  |     2-250 Fiat   |  4-125 Wolseley
+                                 {|      (=100)      |      (=120)      |       (=160)     |      (=170/200)      |      (=340)      |       (=500)     |      (=500)
+              {number             |        2         |         2        |         2        |           2          |    2 Parseval    |         2        |         2
+  ~Propellers~{blades             |        2         |         2        |         2        |           3          |         4        |         4        |         4
+              {diameter feet  (m.)|   10         (3) |   10         (3) |   10         (3) |   14          (4.20) |        ...       |   12-1/2  (3.80) |   12-1/2  (3.80)
+  ~Max. speed~        m.p.h. (km.)|   32        (52) |   35        (56) |   37        (60) |   45            (72) |   40        (65) |   44        (70) |   44        (70)
+  ~Full speed endurance~      hrs.|       ...        |        ...       |        ...       |          ...         |        20        |        12        |        12
+  ~Max. complement~               |        5         |         5        |         5        |          ...         |        ...       |        14        |        14
+  ~Station~                       |    Bracciano     |      Tripoli     |  Vigna di Valle  |        Baggio        |      Venice      |     Bracciano    |
+  --------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+Notes: All the above are semi-rigid. The _P_ and _M_ are all of the same
+general type. Principal features of these ships, which were designed by
+Captains Crocci and Ricaldoni, are the shape of the envelope, (maximum
+diameter very far forward), keel and the box kite tail. The _Citta di
+Milano_ (semi-rigid) is an enlarged _Leonardo da Vinci_ (which see).
+_Special feature_ is the keel built into the envelope. This serves as a
+nacelle.
+
+Building.--One _Parseval_ (P.L. 15) about the same size as the other
+(P.L. 17), which was completed first.
+
+
+~Army Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Agostoni, Capt.
+  Biffi, Ten.
+  Bosio, Ten.
+  Crocco, Capt. G.
+  Dal Fabbro, Capt. C.
+  Denti di Piraino, March, Capt.
+  Gallotti, Ten.
+  Longo, Ten.
+  Manni, Ten.
+  Menenti, S. Ten.
+  Merzari, Capt.
+  Messina, Ten.
+  Munari, Capt. E.
+  Pastina, Capt.
+  Ricaldoni, Capt. A.
+  Scelso, Ten L.
+  Seymandi, Capt. G.
+  Stabarin, Ten.
+  Tagliasacchi, Ten.
+
+
+~Navy Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Carniglia, Ten. d. vas.
+  Gravina, Ten. d. v. Conte M.
+  Penco, Ten. d. v., A.
+  Ponzio, Ten. d. v., E.
+  Scelsi, Capt. di f., G.
+  Valerio, Sot. V.
+  Valli, Ten. d. v., G.
+
+[Illustration: P.I.]
+
+Elevation of P. I. The later ships only differ in dimensions, and the
+fact that the middle rudder is done away with.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: Dirigibles M1 & M2.]
+
+[Illustration: Citta di Milano.]
+
+[Illustration: Parseval (P.L. 17). First Italian _Parseval_.]
+
+
+~ITALIAN PRIVATE DIRIGIBLES.~
+
+
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------+------------------+
+         Name and date.             |    ~Ausonia bis.~  |    ~Italia I.~   |    ~Italia II.~  | ~Leonardo da Vinci.~ |    ~Usuelli.~    |
+                                    | Reconstructed 1910.|       1905.      |       1913.      |         1909.        |       1909.      |
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------+------------------+
+  ~Volume~                     (m³.)|      (~1500~)      |      (~1500~)    |     (~2600~)     |        (~3265~)      |     (~3870~)     |
+  ~Length~                 feet (m.)|  121          (37) |  128        (39) |  164        (50) |  131-1/4        (40) |  167-1/3    (51) |
+  ~Diameter~               feet (m.)|   27        (8.25) |   19-3/4     (6) |   32-3/4    (10) |   46            (14) |   32      (9.80) |
+               {fabric              |         ...        |        ...       |        ...       |          ...         |        ...       |
+  ~Gas bags~   {compartments        |         nil.       |        nil.      |        nil.      |           7          |         6        |
+               {ballonets           |          1         |        nil.      |        nil.      |           1          |         1        |
+                  {total        tons|         ...        |        1.35      |        2.20      |         3.00         |        ...       |
+  ~Lift~          {                 |                    |                  |                  |                      |                  |
+                  {useful       tons|        0.80        |        ...       |        ...       |          ...         |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                       h.p.|  1-55 h.p. S.P.A.  |1-40/50 Antoinette|     1-50 h.p.    |    1-40 Antoinette   | 1-80 h.p. S.P.A. |
+                {number             |         1          |         1        |         2        |           2          |         2        |
+  ~Propellers~  {blades             |         2          |         2        |         2        |           5          |         2        |
+                {diameter, feet (m.)|    10-3/4  (3.20)  |   15      (4.50) |   10         (3) |   9           (2.70) |        ...       |
+  ~Max. speed~          m.p.h (k.m.)|   25          (40) |   25        (40) |        ...       |          ...         |   30        (50) |
+  ~Full speed endurance~        hrs.|        ...         |        ...       |        ...       |          ...         |         6        |
+  ~Max. complement~                 |        ...         |        ...       |        ...       |          ...         |        ...       |
+  ~Station~                         |    Bosco Mantico   |       Schio      |      building    |   Laid up at Baggio  |       Turin      |
+                                    |                    |                  |                  |       near Milan     |                  |
+  ----------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------+----------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes:
+
+     ~Ausonia.~ Nico Piccoli, via Accademia 12, Padova (Padua). Works:
+     Magré, Vicenza (Schio). Semi-rigid.
+
+     ~Italia.~ Cont Almerico da Schio, Schio. Non-rigid. _Special
+     features_ is a "belly" of Para rubber in lieu of a ballonet.
+
+     ~Leonardo da Vinci.~ Ing. Enrico Forlanini, via Boccaccio 21,
+     Milan. Works: Baggio. Semi-rigid, keel and nacelle, incorporated in
+     envelope.
+
+     ~Usuelli.~ Usuelli and Borsalini, Torino (Turin). Non-rigid.
+
+
+~Private Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Forlanini, ing. E.
+  Piccoli, D.
+  Usuelli, C.
+
+[Illustration: Italia.]
+
+[Illustration: Usuelli.]
+
+[Illustration: ~FORLANINI.~ UDS.]
+
+[Illustration: Leonardo da Vinci.]
+
+
+
+
+JAPANESE.
+
+(Naval Aviation data. Official).
+
+
+~Aerial Societies~:--
+
+     Tokio, Ae. Co.
+
+     Aeroplane Assoc., 1, Yayesu Cho, I-Chome, Kojimachi, Tokio. (Sec.:
+     Dr. Fujioka).
+
+     Kikyu Kinkyu Kai (connected with War Office).
+
+
+~Flying Grounds~:--
+
+     Near ~Yokohama~.
+
+     ~Saitama~, Tokorozawa (Government).--Dirigible shed and hangars.
+
+     ~Port Arthur~, (Government).
+
+
+~General Military Aviation.~
+
+This was originally formed as one body without distinction between army
+and navy. It was subsequently re-modelled on lines somewhat similar to
+the British Royal Flying Corps with naval and military wings.
+
+
+~Navy.~
+
+The naval section is superintended by Capt. K. Yamaji, I.J.N.
+
+The naval headquarters are at Oihama (near Yokosuka).
+
+The naval force at the end of 1912 consisted of 4 hydro-aeroplanes (2
+_Curtiss_ and 2 _Farman_). The available total of qualified naval
+aviators was 5.
+
+
+~Finance.~
+
+The total amount granted for aviation of the navy in 1912 (fiscal year)
+was 100,000 yen (£10,000).
+
+For the year 1913 the estimates amount was 100,000 yen (but not approved
+yet).
+
+
+~Pay of Flying Officers.~
+
+The special pay for officers employed in aerial work is undecided.
+
+
+~Army.~
+
+The army wing is responsible for the dirigible. Aeroplanes are one or
+two _Bleriots_, a _Grade_, 2 _Tokogawa_, and a _Farman_.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+
+Military.
+
+  Hino, Major
+  Saigom, Capt.
+  Tokogawa, Capt.
+  Tokogama, Lieut.
+
+
+Naval.
+
+  Narahara, Naval Constr.
+  Kaneko, Lieut.
+  Kono, Lieut.
+  Obama, Eng. Lieut.
+  Umikita, Lieut.
+  Usuioku, Naval Constr.
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Doig, S.
+  Iga, Baron
+  Shigeno, Baron
+  Tsuzuki,
+  Yamada, Isaburo
+
+The following have been killed:--
+
+  +----------------+
+  |      1912.     |
+  | Aibata, Lieut. |
+  |                |
+  |      1913.     |
+  | Kimura, Lieut. |
+  | Tokuda, Lieut. |
+  | Takeishi.      |
+  +----------------+
+
+
+~Private Aviation.~
+
+There are some private aeroplanes being regularly flown in Japan. A
+number of aeroplanes have from time to time been invented by naval and
+military officers and private individuals, and some of them are in use.
+Inventors include Major Hino, naval constructor Narahara and Ushioki,
+Baron Iga, Baron Shigeno and Mr. Tsuzuki.
+
+
+
+
+JAPANESE AEROPLANES.
+
+
+[Illustration: Bleriot (since wrecked). Tokogawa. Wright. Grade. Army
+Flying School ground.]
+
+[Illustration: Narahara.]
+
+[Illustration: Tokogawa II. Type I the same except for minor details.]
+
+
+
+
+JAPANESE DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+PARSEVAL type. Military. (P.L. 13.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Length~ 259 feet (19 m.) ~maximum diameter~ 47-3/4 feet (14.50 m.)
+~capacity,~ 8,500 m³.
+
+~Gas bag.~--2 ballonets. Usual Parseval.
+
+~Motors.~--Total, 300 h.p., made up of two 150 h.p. Maybach.
+
+~Speed.~--42 m.p.h. (65 km.)
+
+~Propellers.~--Two 4-bladed. Parseval.
+
+~Steering.~--Usual Parseval (see German).
+
+Remarks.--Of _Parseval P.L. 12_ type (see German). Built 1911.
+
+
+YAMADA. Non-rigid. (Private.)
+
+[Illustration: _Photo by favour of M. Samuro Kuki._]
+
+~Maximum length~, feet ( m.) ~maximum diameter~, feet ( m.) ~volume,~
+700 m³. (_about_)
+
+~Gas bag.~--
+
+~Motor.~--American make.
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+~Propeller.~--One.
+
+~Steering.~--Biplane elevator forward. Triangular rudder in rear under
+gas bag.
+
+Remarks.--Generally of American type.
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+There are 2 old pattern _H. Farman_; also one or more _Curtiss_ and
+_Wright_ machines. Nothing seems doing with them.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+Military.
+
+  Martinez, N. (Ae. C. F. 462)
+  Mendia, (Ae. C. F. 680)
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Duval, Raoul
+  Lebrija, Miguel
+  Morales
+  Noriega
+  Ramsey, E. L.
+  Saavedra, Alfonso
+
+Probably 2 others
+
+(The above are mostly amateur builders.)
+
+
+
+
+NORWEGIAN.
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Aero Club, Norsk Flyveselskad (Christiana). Secretary, D. Barth.
+
+     Norsk Luftseilads Forening (Christiana). President, H. Mohn.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _None._
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+At the end of 1912 the Army possessed two 70 h.p. _M. Farmans_ (Renault
+motors), and the Navy a 100 h.p. N.A.G. _Rumpler_.
+
+For 1913 the purchase of further machines is contemplated for both arms.
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+Total at end of ~1911~ 1
+
+At end of 1912 there were in existence 2--a _Grade_ and a _Deperdussin_.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+~Military.~
+
+  Dichi, Lieut.
+  Jacobsen, Lieut.
+
+
+~Private.~
+
+  Hansen.
+  St. Dons.
+
+
+
+
+PERUVIAN.
+
+
+~Military Aeroplanes.~
+
+The Peruvian Government has made a special grant for aviation students,
+and war machines are projected. Actual order to end of 1912 was one
+_Avro_ mono.
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+  Total at end of ~1910~         3
+         "        ~1911~         2
+         "        ~1912~         _none_ probably.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+  Bielovucic, J.
+  Chavez, J.
+  Monterc (766 A. C. F.)
+
+
+Peruvian aviators killed:
+
+  +------------+
+  |    1910.   |
+  | Chavez, G. |
+  |            |
+  |    1911.   |
+  | Tenaud, C. |
+  |            |
+  +------------+
+
+
+
+
+PORTUGUESE.
+
+(Revised by J. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer.)
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Ae. C. de Portugal (R. Nova docklaemada d. ISL.)
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     Rivista Aeronautica (Ae. C. Journal.)
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     Campo do Seigcal.
+
+     Mounchãvo da Povoa.
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+  Total at end of ~1910~  1
+         "        ~1911~  2
+         "        ~1912~  2
+
+
+~Private Aviators.~
+
+  De Castro, Sanchez
+  De Silva, Gomez
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+In 1912 a military corps was formed. At the end of 1912 it possessed
+_Avro_ (1--50 h.p.), _Voisin_ (1--80 h.p.), and _M. Farman_ (1--80 h.p.)
+(since wrecked). 1 _Deperdussin_.
+
+
+~Private Aviation.~
+
+In 1911 the _Gouveia_ mono. was built, span 9 metres, but it failed to
+fly. Also the _Avante_ biplane, which also failed. First flight in
+Portugal by a Portuguese was De Castro in September, 1912, with an old
+_Bleriot_.
+
+
+
+
+ROUMANIAN.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+At end of March, 1913, there were several 80 h.p. _Bristol_ monos., 2
+_Bleriots_, 1 _Nieuport_, 1 _Morane_, 2 _Vlaiclu_, and several _H.
+Farman_ biplanes.
+
+Government school is at Bucharest.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+Military.
+
+  Capsa, Lieut.
+  Negrescu, Lieut.
+  Protpopscu, Lieut.
+  Vacas, Lieut. Poly
+  Zorileann, Lieut. (Ae. F. 587)
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Bibesco, Prince (Ae. C. F. 20)
+  Oznoth
+
+
+VLAICLU Monoplane. Designed by Ouvret Vlaiclu. First shewn at the Vienna
+Exhibition, 1911. Modified; it flew very well indeed at Aspern, June,
+1912. The 1912 model is of entirely novel type, a tail first monoplane
+with a propeller either end of the main planes, and a triangular tail
+aft. Principal details are:--~Length~, 34-2/3 feet (10.50 m.) ~Span~, 30
+feet (9.15 m.) ~Height~, 12 feet (3.65 m.) Wing frame in three sections
+with gap between. ~Motor~, 50 h.p., Gnome chain driven. ~Fuselage~, old
+style; landing chassis on three wheels only, with a single ash skid in
+front. Covered in engine driving the 31 foot propeller shaft for the 2
+propellers. Rear tail consists of 2 fixed planes, a triangular damping
+plane and a triangular keel plane. Forward, an elevator and two
+semi-circular rudders (double faced). From this combination remarkable
+results are achieved, and all gyrostatic effect from the propellers
+eliminated. _Control_, horizontal wheel on column. Elevator depressed or
+otherwise by action on column. Note.--At Vienna, 1912, this machine took
+first prize for the smallest circle and also for accurate bomb-dropping.
+The original machine was purchased by the Roumanian Army.
+
+
+
+
+RUSSIAN.
+
+
+~General Note.~--In the number of military machines and general
+attention to aviation Russia is only second to France. There are no
+effective machines of Russian design, but the Aviataka, Dux & Lomatuk
+firms build at home under foreign license, and there is also the Kennedy
+school (Anglo-Russian).
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+
+     (Imperial) Aero Club.
+         1. Odessa branch.
+         2. Rostow and Don branch.
+         3. St. Petersburg   "
+
+     Finland Ae. C., Helsingfors.
+
+     Kieff University Ae. C., Kieff.
+
+     Moscow Ae. C., Moscow.
+
+     Moscow Imp. Tech. College (Aviation Section).
+
+     Riga Ae. C., Riga.
+
+     Russian Aeronautical Society, St. Petersburg.
+
+     Sevastopol Ae. C.
+
+     Students' Aviation Club.
+
+     Tomsk Ae. C., Tomsk.
+
+     Volunteer Aerial Fleet.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _Aeronautical Journal of St. Petersburg._
+
+     _Aero_ (6, Liteiny, St. Petersburg). Weekly.
+
+     _Dans l'Empire des Airs_ (7, Rota 26, Petersburg). Fortnightly.
+
+     _Revue de Navigation Aérienne_ (7 rue Stremmiannaya, Petersburg).
+     Weekly.
+
+     _Sport_ (25, Ekaterineska, Odessa).
+
+     _Wozdookhoplavatel_ (St. Petersburg). Monthly.
+
+     _Wosduchoplawanie y Sport_ (Moscow). Monthly.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     ~Gatchina Park.~-- Flying here under restrictions. V.F. school.
+
+     ~Kieff.~--School for pilots.
+
+     ~Kolomiaggi.~--Racecourse.
+
+     ~Novo Therkask.~
+
+     ~Odessa.~
+
+     ~St. Petersburg.~--Kennedy school.
+
+     ~Sevastopol.~--Volunteer Fleet school.
+
+     ~Warsaw.~
+
+
+~RUSSIAN MILITARY AVIATION.~
+
+
+~Army Aviation.~
+
+Early in 1912, under the presidency of the Grand Duke Alexander, the
+special school of the Volunteer Aerial Association was finally formed at
+Sevastopol for the winter and Gatchina for the summer.
+
+  June 1912. Vote for 150 aeroplanes (140 to be built at home). Vote
+      1,050,000 roubles for new school at Tauride.
+
+  November, 1912. Military trials results. (1) Sikorsky in a _Sikorsky_.
+      (2) Haber in a _M. Farman_. (3) Boutmy in a _Nieuport_.
+
+  December, 1912. Aeronautical school re-organised. Put under control of
+      one commandant, one assistant, and four juniors. Course made seven
+      months--15 pupils per school at a time. A one month course in
+      aeroplanes, aerial motors, etc. Of the pupils, 10 will be selected
+      for aeroplanes. New flying school established at Taskend in
+      Turkestan.
+
+  March, 1913. New schools established at Moscow, Odessa and Omsk.
+
+At the end of 1911 the total number of military aeroplanes was about
+100. At the end of March, 1913, the total number was about 250, of which
+about 150 were modern. Principal types: _Albatross_, _Aviatik_,
+_Bristol_, _Deperdussin_, _Farman_, _Nieuport_, _Rumpler_, there being
+an average of 20 of each. The majority built under Russian license in
+Russia. The number of actual military pilots was 72. There is, however,
+a special volunteer corps of about 36 private aviators, bringing the
+available total to 108 or thereabouts.
+
+
+~Navy Aviation.~
+
+  July, 1912. Lieut. Andreadi, 50 h.p. _Nieuport_, did a flight with
+      stops from Sevastopol to St. Petersburg.
+
+  September, 1912. Special naval aerodrome for hydro-avions ordered for
+      Golodai Island, near Petersburg, bringing total of military and
+      naval aerodromes to 6. _Sikorsky_ hydro-avion acquired. Also an
+      _M. Farman_ ditto. New naval station projected at Libau.
+
+  October, 1912. Naval purchase of several _Curtiss_ hydro-avions after
+      trials at Sevastopol.
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the approximate effective force was as
+follows (all hydros, or capable of being so fitted): 1 _Astra_, 1
+_Breguet_, 2 _Donnet-Leveque_, 1 _Farman_, 4 _Paulhan Curtiss_, 2
+_Nieuport_ (50 h.p.), 1 _Sikorsky_. (A number of others on order.)
+
+Early in 1913 experiments were carried out with a combination of floats
+and skids, invented by M. Lobanoff, of Moscow. This proved equally
+effective on land or water.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+The following are army, navy or volunteer aviators. The number is the
+Russian Ae. C., unless otherwise stated. F = French. Prefix + = killed.
+n = navy.
+
+   Abramowitch Wissewold (14)
+   Agababa, N. (668 F.)
+   Agofonoff (20)
+   Aleknovitch, G. (29)
+   Alexandroff, D. (472 F.)
+ n Andreadi, Lt.
+   Artsgouloff (44)
+   Avinass, J. (60)
+   Badowski, L.
+   Bakhmoutoff, N. (6)
+   Berdchenko, V. (7)
+   Bistritsky, V. (8)
+   Boukshevden, Bar. G. (10)
+   Boutmy (de), E.
+   Campo, Scipio (211 F.)
+   Childovski (67)
+   Chioni, B. (250)
+   Chimansky (27)
+   Choudinoff (46)
+   Dmitrieff, J. (9)
+   Dorogouski (125 F.)
+   Dougowezky, A. (1)
+ n Dybovski, V. (12)
+   Efimoff, M. (31 F.)
+   Efimoff, T.
+   Erdeli, G. (45)
+   Eristov, Prince (524 F.)
+   Evsukoff, P. (21)
+   Firstemberg
+   Flegfier, von.
+   Gelgar (33)
+   Glouchenko, S. (48)
+   Godoulsky, A. (59)
+   Gorghkoff, G. (626 F.)
+   Goumberto-Dros, B. (58)
+   Grekoff G. (5.)
+   Grigoraschirilly (577 F.)
+   Houeninsey, A. (227 F.)
+   Husarenko (22)
+   Illin, A. (16)
+   Iougmeister (52)
+   Jankovsky, G. (24)
+   Joukoff (37)
+   Kaidenoff (42)
+   Kamensky, V. (66)
+   Katzian, A.
+ + Kauzminski (228 F.)
+   Kebouroff, V. (210 F.)
+   Kirchstern
+   Kolchin, F. (28)
+   Komaroff, M. (245 F.)
+   Kostine, N. (223 F.)
+   Kauznezoff, P.
+   Kreiner, E.
+   Kroumm, A.
+   Lachtionoff, G. (57)
+   Lambert (de) C. (8 F.)
+   Lebedeff, V. (98 F.)
+   Lerche, M. (25)
+   Lewkowicz, H. (327 F.)
+   Linno, G. (15)
+   Lipowski, H. (330 F.)
+   Kokteff (61)
+   Makaroff, D. (13)
+   Makeef, P. (5)
+   Matyevitch, Matzevitch (152 F.)
+ n+Matyevitch, Capt. (178 F.)
+   Meybaum, T.
+   Miller (35)
+   Monakoff, (565 F.)
+   Naidenoff, G.
+   Naslennikoff, B.
+   Nikiforoff (18)
+   Nikolaieff (49)
+   Nikolsky, P. (17)
+   Oulianine, S. (181 F.)
+   Pehanovsky, B. (401 F.)
+ + Pietrowsky, G. (195 F.)
+   Porcheron, J. (640 F.)
+   Popoff, N. (50 F.)
+   Poliakoff, A. (50)
+   Poplavko (34)
+   Pongolowski, W. (4)
+   Pristchepoff (38)
+   Raevsky, A. (F.)
+   Raygorodsky, A. (207 F.)
+   Rossinsky (68)
+ n Rouaroff, M. (245 F.)
+   Rynin, N. (23)
+   Sakoff, N. de (627 F.)
+   Salesky (41)
+   Samoilo (11)
+   Samouiloff, P. (51)
+   Séméniovitch (226 F.)
+   Semenko-Slavorossoff, H. (40)
+   Semitan (36)
+   Seversky-Prokofieff, N. (47)
+   Sewkowicz, L.
+   Shidloovsky, M.
+   Shimansky, K.
+   Shimkevitch, V.
+   Sikorsky, I. (63)
+   Skarginsky, A. (43)
+   Slusarenko, W.
+ + Smith, V. (231 F.)
+   Sobansky Graf. (3)
+   Soechnikoff, A.
+   Soupnevsky, C. (26)
+   Springuefeld
+   Sredinsky, A.
+   Strelmkoff (71)
+   Tchemiakoff (72)
+   Tkatcheff, V. (64)
+   Tounochensky (32)
+   Tselary, I. (54)
+   Wassilieff, A. (225 F.)
+   Zaikine (191 F.)
+   Zelinsky, Col. (273 F.)
+ + Zolotouchin, M. (31)
+
+
+~CIVILIAN AVIATORS.~
+
+There are very few purely civilian aviators in Russia. Russians who have
+obtained brevets include Mdlles Anarta (52), Golantchikova (55), Zvereva
+(30), Count de Lambert, (8 F.) and Count Malynski (209 F.) and one or
+two others. Few or none do any flying now.
+
+
+
+
+RUSSIAN AEROPLANES.
+
+
+~A-Z~
+
+
+AVIATIK. St. Petersburger Aviatik Gesellschaft, Petersburg. Construct
+Aviatiks. (See Germany.)
+
+
+BRONISLAWSKI. Experimental biplane with special stabilising features.
+
+
+DUX. Fabrica Moscovita Tneerskaja "Dux," Lastawa, Moscow. Construct
+under license.
+
+
+GELTOUCHOW. W. G. Geltouchow and A. W. Preiss, 4 Piasnitzkajai, Moscow.
+Constructs.
+
+
+GILBERT. C. Gilbert, 195 Twerskaja, Moscow. Constructs.
+
+
+KENNEDY. Soc. d. Dirigibles and Aeroplanes Kennedy, St. Petersburg.
+
+
+MOTOR. Riga-Sassenhof.
+
+
+RODJESTVEISKY. Built a triplane in 1911.
+
+
+
+
+RUSSIAN MILITARY DIRIGIBLES (13).
+
+
+  -----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+                         |       (1)        |         (2)        |       (3 & 4)      |      (5, 6, 7)     |         (8)        |         (9)        |        (10)        |        (11)        |        (12)        |       (13)
+         Name            |     ~LEBEDJ.~    |   ~KOMMISSIONY.~   |   ~JASTREB~    and |   ~ZODIAC VII,~    |    ~PARSEVAL.~     |   ~FORSZMANN I.~   |   ~FORSZMANN II.~  |    ~ASTRA 13.~     |   ~PARSEVAL 14.~   |   ~C. BAYARD 6,~
+                         |                  |                    |     ~GOLOUBJ.~     |    ~VIII & IX.~    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |      _bis._
+         Make            |     Lebaudy.     |    C. Bayard I.    |  Outchebny I & II. |                    |     Parseval 7.    |     Forszmann.     |     Forszmann.     |                    |                    |
+         Date            |      ~1910.~     |       ~1910.~      |     ~1910-11.~     |     ~1910-11.~     |      ~1911.~       |      ~1911.~       |       ~1912.~      |      ~1913.~       |      ~1913.~       |      ~1913.~
+         System          |    Semi-rigid.   |      Non-rigid.    |     Semi-rigid.    |     Non-rigid.     |     Non-rigid.     |     Non-rigid.     |     Non-rigid.     |     Non-rigid.     |     Non-rigid.     |     Non-rigid.
+  -----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  ~Volume~  c. feet (m³.)|      ~3700~      |       ~3000~       |      ~1500~        |       ~2140~       |       ~7600~       |         ~800~      |        ~600~       |        ~9800~      |      ~10,000~      |       ~6200~
+  ~Length~      feet (m.)|  200        (61) |  184       (56.25) |        ...         |  164          (50) |  236          (72) |  121-1/2      (37) |         ...        |  259       (77.80) |  279          (85) |  250       (77.60)
+  ~Diameter~    feet (m.)|   35-1/2 (10.80) |   34-3/4   (10.58) |        ...         |   29-1/2       (9) |   46          (14) |   19-3/4       (6) |         ...        |   49       (14.90) |   52-1/2      (16) |   42-3/4      (13)
+            {fabric      |    Continental   |     Continental    |        ...         |     Continental    |     Continental    |         ...        |         ...        |     Continental    |      Reidinger     |     Continental
+  ~Gas Bags~{ballonets   |        1         |          1         |        ...         |          1         |         2          |         ...        |         ...        |    2 (3100 m³.)    |          2         |          2
+            {compartments|        3         |          2         |         2          |         ...        |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...        |         ...
+  ~Lift~  {total  tons   |        4         |        3-3/4       |        ...         |          2         |         7          |         1/2        |         1/3        |         ...        |         ...        |        7-1/2
+          {useful tons   |      1-1/4       |          1         |        ...         |         ...        |        ...         |         ...        |         ...        |       nearly 4     |     about 3-1/2    |        2-3/4
+  ~Motor~            h.p.|   1-70 Panhard   |  1-105 Clement B.  |    1-75 E.N.V.     |      1-60 Labor    |    2-110 N.A.G.    |      1-24 (=24)    |         ...        |     2-150 Chenu    |    2-180 Maybach   |  2-130 Clement B.
+                         |      (=70)       |        (=105)      |       (=75)        |        (=60)       |       (=220)       |                    |                    |       (=300)       |       (=360)       |        (=260)
+  ~Propellers~     number|        2         |          1         |         1          |          1         |    two 4-bladed    |          1         |          1         |          3         |    two 4-bladed    |          2
+  ~Speed~    m.p.h. (km.)|   30        (49) |   33-1/2      (54) |   13          (21) |   33-1/2      (54) |   37          (59) |   23          (37) |         ...        |   36          (60) |   43          (68) |         ...
+  -----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+  _Notes_                | _ex La Russie._  | _Jastreb_ reported |                    |                    |     Carries 500    |                    |       One-man      | Carries 740 litres |                    | Special 2 speed
+                         |                  |   wrecked, March,  |                    |                    | litres of petrol.  |                    |      dirigible.    | petrol. Crew 6.    |                    | gear to propellers.
+                         |                  |        1913.       |                    |                    | Has done 6-1/3     |                    |                    |      Weights:      |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    | hours at 1500      |                    |                    |Crew:     1044 lbs. |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    | metres, with 9     |                    |                    |Tools, &c. 220  "   |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    | on board.          |                    |                    |Petrol, oil, &c.    |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |          7307  "   |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |          ----      |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |          8541  "   |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |          ----      |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |Forward propeller   |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |6m. diameter; the   |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |two after ones 3 m. |                    |
+                         |                  |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |                    |       each.        |                    |
+  -----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
+
+Note.--Illustrations see next page.
+
+[Illustration: Lebedj. UDS.]
+
+[Illustration: Jastreb (Outchebny).]
+
+[Illustration: Kommissiony. UDS.]
+
+[Illustration: FURSZMANN.]
+
+Note.--The other dirigibles are of usual type. See France and Germany.
+
+
+
+
+SERVIA.
+
+
+~Military Aviation.~
+
+At end of March, 1913, there were 7 aeroplanes, and 3 more (_Bleriots_)
+on order.
+
+
+
+
+SPANISH.
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     El Real Aëro Club de España (70 rue Alcala, Madrid).
+
+     La Asociacion de Locomocion Aérea (20 Plaza de Cataluna,
+     Barcelona).
+
+     Real Aero Club d'Espana.
+
+     Cataluna Ae. C.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _Boletin Oficial de la Asociacion de Locomocion Aérea_, 20, Plaza
+     de Cataluna, Barcelona (monthly).
+
+     _España Automovil_, 5, plaza de Isabel II, Madrid. Official organ,
+     Spanish R. Ae. C.
+
+     _Revista de Locomotion Aerea_, 20, Plaza de Cataluna, Barcelona
+     (monthly).
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     ~Carbouchelle~ Military School.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+There are 9 old _Farmans_ (1910-11 model), and one or two more modern
+monoplanes: but little is doing.
+
+Some hydro-aeroplanes are on order for the Navy.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+Military.
+
+  Adaro, Lt. J.
+  Alfaro, Lt. H.
+  Arridaga, Capt.
+  Berron, Lt. E.
+  Echevarria, J.
+  Gonzales, Capt. C. J.
+  Granche
+  Kindelan, Capt. A.
+  Menendez, M.
+  Ortiz, So. Lt. J.
+  Penas, M. de las
+  Pujo, Capt. (467 F)
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Campano
+  Dras, J. F.
+  Jezzi, R. G. L. (British Ae. C. 44)[F]
+  Lailhacar, de
+  Pascal, Ferdinand
+  Pimentel, B. L.
+  Prince Alphonse d'Orleans (1)
+
+The following Spanish aviators have been killed:--
+
+  +---------------+
+  |     1909.     |
+  | Fernandez, A. |
+  |               |
+  |     1911.     |
+  | Pola, M.      |
+  | Mauvais       |
+  |               |
+  |     1912.     |
+  | Bayo, Capt.   |
+  +---------------+
+
+
+~Military Dirigible Pilots.~
+
+  Herrera, Lt. E.
+  Kindelan y Duany, Capt. A.
+  Vives y Vich, Col.
+
+
+
+
+SPANISH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid).
+
+
+ESPANA. Military. (ASTRA class.)
+
+[Illustration]
+
+~Maximum length~, 197 feet (60 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 35-1/3 feet
+(10.75 m.) ~volume,~ 43,057 c. feet4,000 m³.
+
+~Total lift.~--9,700 lbs. (4,400 kgs.) ~Useful lift~, ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--Yellow coloured rubber proofed Continental fabric.
+
+~Motor.~--One 100 h.p. 4-cylinder Panhard.
+
+~Speed.~--29 m.p.h.
+
+~Propellers.~--1, at the front end of the car, of wood, "Integrale"
+type.
+
+~Steering.~--As in _Clement Bayard I_ and _Ville de Nancy_.
+
+Remarks.--The two side stabilising shapes are duplicated, as they are in
+the _Ville de Paris_. A webbing stretched on steel tubes is introduced
+between the inner edges of the 4 main stabilising shapes to provide
+extra stabilising surface.
+
+
+TORRES-QUEVEDO II. Military.
+
+  +------------------+
+  |                  |
+  |                  |
+  +------------------+
+
+~Maximum length~, 147-3/4 feet (45 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 32-3/4 feet
+(10 m.) ~volume,~ 56,700 c. feet (1,600 m³.)
+
+~Total lift.~-- ? lbs. ( ? kgs.) ~Useful lift~, ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)
+
+~Gas bags.~--
+
+~Motor.~--60 h.p. Chenu.
+
+~Speed.~--
+
+~Propellers.~--
+
+~Steering.~--
+
+Remarks.--Designed by Captain Kindelan and Engineer Torres Quevedo.
+
+
+
+
+SWEDISH.
+
+~(Revised by Lieut. DAHLBECK, R. Swedish Navy.)~
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Svenska Aëronautiska Sällskapet (Stockholm).
+
+     Kungl. Automobil klubben: (Fenixpalatset, Stockholm).
+
+     Svenska Motor-klubben: Aero sektion (Stockholm).
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _Svensk Motor-Tidning_ (Fenixpalatset, Stockholm) Fortnightly.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     ~Ljungbyhed~ (Skåne), sheds.
+
+     ~Malmsl[~a]tt~, sheds.
+
+
+~Military Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of March, 1913, the Army possessed 1 monoplane, 1 biplane,
+and 2 biplanes building.
+
+The Navy had 1 _Bleriot_ type monoplane and 3 building.
+
+At the end of 1912 there were 9 privately owned aeroplanes.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C.
+Swedish pilot certificate.)
+
+
+Military.
+
+  von Porat, Lieut. (6)
+  Ljungner, Lieut. (7)
+  Hamilton, Capt. (2)
+
+
+Naval.
+
+  Dahlbeck, Lieut. (3) (British Ae. C. 120)
+  Werner, Lieut. (9)
+
+
+Private.
+
+  Cedarstr[~o]m, Baron C. (1)
+  Fj[~a]llb[~a]ck (4)
+  Ångstr[~o]m (5)
+  Sundstedt (8)
+  Thulin, M.A. (10)
+
+
+
+
+SWEDISH AEROPLANES.
+
+
+ASK. Monoplane.
+
+[Illustration: _Harlan_ type. Built by Ask, 1911.]
+
+
+NYROP. Naval Monoplane.
+
+[Illustration: _Bleriot_ 2-seater. Built in Sweden by Nyrop, 1911.
+~Motor~, 50 h.p. Gnome.]
+
+
+DAHLBECK.
+
+[Illustration: _Farman_ type. Built by Lieut. Dahlbeck. 1913.]
+
+
+
+
+SWISS.
+
+(By our special Swiss editor.)
+
+
+~Aerial Societies:~--
+
+     Aero Club Suisse (3, Hirschengraben, Berne). Sec.: F. Filliot.
+
+   a Ostschweizerischer V. für L. (Zürich).
+
+   b Sektion Mittelschwerz (Bern).
+
+   c Sektion Westschweiz (Romande) (Lausanne).
+
+   d Club Suisse d'Aviation (Geneva).
+
+     Club Genêvois d'Aviation (Geneva). Sec.: P. Brasier.
+
+     Flügsport Klub (Rorschach). Sec.: A. Zürn.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     _Bulletin de l'Aero Club Suisse_ (Berne). Monthly.
+
+     _La Suisse Sportive_ (16, Rue de Hesse, Geneva). Weekly.
+
+     _Sport_ (35, Boulevard Exterieur, Berne).
+
+     _Automobil Revue_ (Berne). Weekly.
+
+     _Le Sport Suisse_ (Geneva). Weekly.
+
+     _L'Auto Sport_ (Geneva). Weekly.
+
+     _A.C.S._ (Swiss Aut. Clubs) (Geneva). Fortnightly.
+
+     _Das Illustrierte Programm_ (Zurich). Fortnightly.
+
+     _Revue Weinfelden._ Monthly.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     ~Avenches.~
+
+     ~Collex-Versoix.~ (Club Suisse d'Aviation).
+
+     ~Lucerne.~--60 acre park. Sheds.
+
+     ~Petit Lancy.~ Geneva (Geneva Club).
+
+     ~Dübendorf bei Zurich.~
+
+
+~Dirigible Station~ (with hangars):--
+
+     ~Lucerne.~
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+At the end of March, 1913, there were no army aeroplanes, a _Farman_
+bought in 1911 having ceased to exist.
+
+
+~Private Aeroplanes.~
+
+  Total at end of ~1910~  _about_ 10
+          "       ~1911~       "  15
+
+At the end of March, 1913, there were about ~15~ privately owned
+aeroplanes.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C.
+Suisse pilot certificate number.) + = killed.
+
+Military.
+
+   Real, Lieut. T. (4)
+ + Schmidt, Capt. J.
+
+
+Private.
+
+   Audemars, E. (7)
+   Bianchi, P. (6)
+   Bider, O. (32)
+ + Blane, M. (17)
+   Bucher, M. (11)
+   Burkard, H. (20)
+   Burri, E. (24)
+   Casser, E. (28)
+ + Cobioni, E. (15)
+   Domenjoz, J. (10)
+   Durafour, F. (3)
+   Failloubaz, E. (1)
+   Grandjean, R. (2l)
+   Gsell, R. (12)
+ + Hösli, G. (25)
+   Hug, M. (18)
+   Ingold, K. E. (35)
+   Jucker, A. (13)
+   Kramer, H. (31)
+   Mallei, A. (23)
+   Parmelin, A. (22)
+ + Primavesi, E. (34)
+   Rech, E. (29)
+   Rettig, J. J. (27)
+   Reynold, M. (19)
+   Ruchonnet, E. (5)
+   Rupp, A. (9)
+   Salvioni, C. (16)
+ + Schmid, H. (14)
+   Schumacher, J. (26)
+   Taddoli, E. (2)
+   Trepp, M. (30)
+   Wyss P. A. (8)
+   Züst, B. (33)
+
+
+
+
+SWISS AEROPLANES.
+
+
+[Illustration: Grandjean.]
+
+[Illustration: Taddeoli.]
+
+[Illustration: Wetterwald.]
+
+  -----------------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
+                               |    ~GRANDJEAN.~   |   ~TADDEOLI.~   |   ~WETTERWALD.~  |
+          Model and date.      |  Hydro-monoplane. |   Monoplane.    |    Monoplane.    |
+                               |     ~1911-12.~    |   ~1911-12.~    |      ~1912.~     |
+  -----------------------------+------------------ +-----------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   33       (10)   |   19-3/4   (6)  |  24-1/2  (7.50)  |
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   33       (10)   |   29-1/2   (9)  |  33        (10)  |
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|   191      (18)   |   151     (14)  |  215       (20)  |
+           {  total lbs. (kgs.)|   750     (340)   |   880    (400)  |  705      (320)  |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                   |                 |                  |
+           {useful, lbs. (kgs.)|   310     (140)   |   330    (150)  |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|     50 Oerlikon   |     50 Gnome    |     40 E.N.V.    |
+             {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   62      (100)   |   69     (110)  |        ...       |
+  ~Speed~    {                 |                   |                 |                  |
+             {min. m.p.h. (km.)|   56      (90)    |       ...       |        ...       |
+  Number built during 1912     |       2           |        1        |         1        |
+  -----------------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
+
+
+
+
+TURKISH.
+
+
+~Army Aeroplanes.~
+
+There is a military aerodrome at S. Stefano, with Amerigo, Renzel and
+Thanlau as instructors.
+
+In March, 1913, there were about 12 monoplanes (_Harlans & Reps_), and
+one or two biplanes. Only one seems actually to have been used. Several
+other aeroplanes were captured during the war--generally in their
+packing cases unopened. In April, 50 machines were reported ordered in
+Germany.
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+Military.
+
+  Fessa, Bey (780, F.)
+  Kienan, Lt. (797, F.)
+  Nouri, Lt.
+  Ratzian
+  Refik, Capt.
+  Sismanoglou, J.
+
+
+
+
+URUGUAY.
+
+
+~Aeroplanes in the country.~
+
+     _None._
+
+
+~AVIATOR:~ Cameo, M. Garcia
+
+
+
+
+U.S.A.
+
+(Edited by E. L. JONES, Editor of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.)
+
+
+~General Note.~--In the early nineties, Professor Langley and the Bros.
+Wright were experimenting with heavier-than-air machines, but general
+interest in the subject is quite recent. Though some small dirigibles
+exist, American attention is mainly devoted to aeroplanes. Ballooning
+was quite the thing in 1907-11, but has languished.
+
+It is stated that there are certainly no less than _two thousand_ people
+in the U. S. A. who have built flying machines. The greater percentage
+of these have been home-made copies of standard machines. Individual
+builders of copies and freaks have diminished greatly in numbers, and
+there remains a few well-established manufacturers.
+
+Although inventors are still prolific in the Patent Office and clubs
+numerous, the general public takes very slight intelligent interest in
+aviation. The majority of clubs are inactive.
+
+In the year 1912 commercial development seemed to have great
+possibilities. The copyists were being weeded out and competent
+aeronautical constructors financed by adequate means began operations on
+systematic business lines. The latter half of the year saw a great
+slump. In the spring of 1913 prospects looked greatly improved, and
+there was generally increased activity.
+
+
+~Aerial Journals:~--
+
+     ~Aeronautics.~--122, East 25th Street, New York. Monthly.
+
+     ~Aircraft.~--37, East 28th Street, New York. Monthly.
+
+     ~Fly.~--1701, Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa. Monthly.
+
+     ~Aero.~--Chicago, Ills. Weekly.
+
+
+~Flying Grounds:~--
+
+     ~Belmont Park, N.Y.~--Old race track. Not very good. Scene of 1910
+     meet. 30 sheds occupied by few experimenters.
+
+     ~Dayton.~--_Wright_ school private field.
+
+     ~Chicago, Ills.~--Two fine fields.
+
+     ~Fort Myer, Va.~--Government and private sheds.
+
+     ~Hammondsport, N.Y.~--_Curtiss_ factory. Field (small) and lake for
+     water planes.
+
+     ~Los Angeles, Calif.~--Several fields in vicinity. Used for _Eaton_
+     school and private flyers.
+
+     ~Marblehead, Mass.~--Poor field. Home of Burgess C. Fine for
+     hydro-aeroplanes.
+
+     ~Mineola, N.Y.~--_Moisant, Sloane_ and another school, and
+     individuals. About 1 by 10 miles level field, without obstructions.
+
+     ~Oakwood Heights, Staten I., N.Y.~--The Aeronautical Soc. grounds,
+     on bay for use of hydro-aeroplanes.
+
+     ~San Diego, Calif.~--Winter quarters _Curtiss_ camp; also used by
+     army flyers.
+
+     ~San Francisco~ (near).--Good.
+
+     ~St. Louis, Mo.~--Kinloch Park. _Benoist_ school and private
+     owners.
+
+
+~U. S. A. AERO CLUBS.~
+
+An attempt has been made here to give the name of every aero club that
+has been formed recently in the United States, or has been in existence
+for a long time. It is believed this list covers every club in the
+United States.
+
+Many of these clubs are nothing but a name. They were formed to conduct
+meets or exhibitions, given by the various aeroplane concerns engaged in
+this business. Many clubs are not incorporated. Others have no
+organisation, being run by principals of boys' schools or classes.
+
+Clubs even affiliated with the Aero Club of America have no members'
+meetings, nor have they in many cases even meeting rooms. There are but
+a half-dozen live aero clubs worthy the name in America. Three clubs own
+balloons, which are rented to members for ascensions. Little attempt is
+made by more than one or two associations to popularise aeronautics, to
+encourage experimenters, or to indulge in scientific work.
+
+The Aero Club of America, the Aeronautical Society and Aero Club of
+Illinois, are the principal organisations. The Ae. C. represents the
+F.A.I., and has a beautiful club house. The Aeronautical Society has
+rooms in the United Engineering Building, conducts well-attended
+lectures twice a month, and has grounds on Straten Island (for
+hydro-aeroplanes and aeroplanes).
+
+Clubs affiliated with the Ae. C. of America are marked *
+
+
+~CALIFORNIA.~
+
+     New Orleans Aero Club, Wm. Allen, Sec., New Orleans
+
+    *Aero Club of California, Prof. H. La V. Twining, Pres., 1308
+     Calumet St. Los Angeles.
+
+    *Pacific Aero Club, Pacific Buildings, 331 Octavia Street, San
+     Francisco
+
+     Postal Aero Club, 305 W. Santa Clara Street, San Jose
+
+     University of California Aero Club, T. W. Veitch, Sec., Berkeley
+
+     Oakland Aero Club, Oakland
+
+    *Aero Club of Colorado, 36 West Colfax Avenue, Denver, Col.
+
+     Aero Club of Blackstonehill, Oakland, Calif, c/o W. R. Davis, Jr.,
+     474 Prospect Street
+
+     Curtiss Amateur Aviation Club, Harold Scott, Secretary, Los Angeles
+
+     Santa Clara Valley Aero Club, Chamber of Commerce, San Jose
+
+     Aero Club of San Diego, San Diego, Colonel C. C. Collier, Pres.
+
+     Aero Club of Pasedena, W. J. Hogan, Pres., 635 Chamber of Commerce,
+     Box 1054
+
+
+~CONNECTICUT.~
+
+    *Aero Club of Connecticut, Pres., A. Holland Forbes, at Fairfield
+
+     Yale University Aero Club, New Haven
+
+     Aero Club of Hartford, Hiram Percy Maxim, Pres., Hartford
+
+
+~CUBA.~
+
+    *Aero Club de Cuba, Ignario 5, Havana
+
+
+~DELAWARE.~
+
+     Aero Club of Delaware, Wilmington
+
+
+~DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.~
+
+     Washington Aero Scientific Club, F. L. Rice, Sec., c/o Y.M.C.A.,
+     Washington
+
+    *Aero Club of Washington, Dr. Albert F. Zahm, Sec., Cosmos Club,
+     Washington
+
+
+~FLORIDA.~
+
+     Aeronautic Society of Florida, Davenport and Kerrison, Secs., 2014
+     Main Street, Jacksonville
+
+
+~ILLINOIS.~
+
+    *Aero Club of Illinois, F. McCormick, Pres., 240 Michigan Avenue,
+     Chicago
+
+     Aeroplane and Kite Club, E. E. Harbert, Pres., 2852 N. Clark
+     Street, Chicago
+
+     University of Chicago Aero Club, Chicago
+
+    *Aircraft Club of Peoria, c/o Leslie Lord, 505 E. Armstrong Street,
+     Peoria
+
+     Aeronautical Society of the University of Illinois, Urbana, R.
+     Watts, Sec., 507 E. John Street, Champaigne
+
+
+~INDIANA.~
+
+     Purdue Aero Club, Purdue University, Lafayette
+
+     South Bend Aero Club, South Bend.
+
+    *Aero Club of Indiana, Indianapolis
+
+
+~KANSAS.~
+
+     Aero Club of Topeka, Topeka
+
+    *Western Aero Association, E. S. Cole, Sec., Topeka
+
+     Kansas State Aero Club, C. H. Lyons, Sec., Overland Park
+
+
+~KENTUCKY.~
+
+     Continental Aero Club, Richmond
+
+
+~LOUISIANA.~
+
+     Southern Aero Club, 809 Canal Street, New Orleans
+
+     New Orleans Aero Club, Wm. Allen, Sec., New Orleans
+
+
+~MARYLAND.~
+
+    *Aero Club of Baltimore, Col. Jerome H. Joyce, Pres., Baltimore
+
+
+~MASSACHUSETTS.~
+
+     Aero Club of North Adams, North Adams
+
+    *Aero Club of New England, A. R. Shrigley, Sec., 26 Trement St.,
+     Boston
+
+     Amherst Aero Club, Amherst
+
+    *Pittsfield Aero Club, L. J. Minahan, Pres., Pittsfield
+
+     Springfield Aero Club, c/o Charles T. Shean, Pres., 3 John Street,
+     Springfield
+
+     Tufts College Aero Club, Tufts College
+
+    *Harvard Aeronautical Society, Prof. A. Lawrence Rotch, Pres., Blue
+     Hill Observatory
+
+     Mass. Inst. of Technology Aero Club, John S. Selfridgem, Sec.,
+     Inst. of Technology, Boston
+
+     Dartmouth Aero Club, Richard F. Paul, Sec., Dartmouth
+
+     First Assn. of Licensed Pilots, Chas. J. Glidden, Pres., Hotel
+     Somerset, Boston
+
+     Williams Aeronautical Society, Williams College, Robert O. Starret,
+     Sec., Williamstown
+
+
+~MICHIGAN.~
+
+    *Aero Club of Michigan, C. B. du Charme, Sec., Detroit
+
+     University of Michigan Aero Club, Ann Arbor
+
+
+~MINNESOTA.~
+
+     Minneapolis Junior Aero Club, Stillman Chase, Sec., 3047 5th
+     Avenue, S., Minneapolis
+
+     St. Louis Experimental Ass'n., 5346 Zealand Street, St. Louis
+
+    *Kansas City Aero Club, George M. Myers, Pres., Convention Hall,
+     Kansas City
+
+
+~MISSOURI.~
+
+    *Aero Club of St. Louis, 1429 Pine Street, St. Louis
+
+
+~MONTANA.~
+
+     Aero Club of St. Charles College, Helena
+
+
+~NEBRASKA.~
+
+     Aero Club of Nebraska, Col. Wm. H. Glassford, Pres., Fort Omaha
+
+     Junior Aero Club or the Y.M.C.A., c/o Y.M.C.A., Omaha
+
+     Lincoln Aero Club, Lincoln, c/o G. R. Brownfield, 1234 "O" Street
+
+     Aviation Club of Nebraska, Arthur Frenzer, Sec., 2778 California
+     Street, Omaha
+
+
+~NEW JERSEY.~
+
+     Princeton University Aero Club, Princeton
+
+     Aeronautic Society of New Jersey, c/o N.J. Automobile & Motor Club,
+     Broad Street, Newark
+
+     Aero Club of New Jersey, c/o James K. Duffy, Sec., 315 Madison
+     Avenue, New York
+
+     New Jersey Aeronautical League, W. A. Kraus, Sec., Guttenberg
+
+     Aero and Motor Club, Asbury Park
+
+     Atlantic City Aero Club, Col. Walter E. Edge, Sec., Atlantic City
+
+     Model School Aero Club, Trenton, R. G. Teavitt, Sec.
+
+     Trenton Aero Club, James Fenton, Sec., Trenton
+
+
+~NEW YORK.~
+
+    *Aero Club of America, 297 Madison Avenue, Chas. Walsh, Sec.
+
+     The Aeronautical Society, 250 W. 54th Street, Arnold Kruckman, Gen.
+     Sec.
+
+     Aeronautic Alumni Ass'n., c/o West Side Y.M.C.A., West 57th Street
+
+     New York Model Aero Club, Adrien Lacroix, Sec., 141 Lexington
+     Avenue
+
+     National Model Aero Club, c/o A. Leo Stevens, 282 9th Avenue
+
+     Stuyvesant Aeronautic Society, 345 East 15th Street, Percey W.
+     Pierce, Sec.
+
+     Columbia Aero Club, Columbia University, 116th Street
+
+     Dewitt Clinton High School Aero Club, 58th Street and 10th Avenue
+
+    *Aero Club of Buffalo, Lafayette Hotel, Buffalo, N.Y.
+
+     Thousand Islands Aero Club, c/o Dr. J. M. Gibbons, 168 Montague
+     Street, Ithaca
+
+     Aeronautic Section, Technology Club, Syracuse
+
+     Boys' High School Aero Club, Henry St. Pieless, Sec., 815 Avenue,
+     J., Brooklyn
+
+    *Rochester Aero Club, c/o L. J. Seely, 10 Culver Road, Rochester
+
+     Aero Club of the Y.M.C.A., Harold C. Carpenter, Pres., White Plains
+
+     Aero Club, Haliano, U.S.A., 135, West 12th Street, N.Y. Seventy-two
+     members. C. Chiantelli, Sec.
+
+     Junior Aero Club, c/o A. E. Horn, Public School, 77 Park Avenue and
+     84th Street
+
+     Aero Club of Long Island, c/o Hohn H. Lisle, Alen Cove
+
+     Commerce Aero Club, 65 West 117th Street
+
+    *Aero Club of New York, Garden City.
+
+     Mechanics Aeronautical Ass'n., c/o H. H. Simms, 304 Cutler
+     Building, Rochester
+
+     Aeronautical Research Club of the Y.M.C.A., H. C. Myers, Sec.,
+     Buffalo
+
+     Aero Club Italiano, Saverio A. Mascia, 403 Park Avenue
+
+     Aeronautical Society of Women, Miss Dorothy E. Ball, Sec., 250 West
+     54th Street
+
+
+~OHIO.~
+
+    *Aero Club of Ohio, Canton
+
+    *Aero Club of Dayton, Dayton
+
+     International Aeroplane Club, Dayton
+
+     Cleveland Aero Club, C. J. Forbes, Sec., Hollanden Hotel, Cleveland
+
+    *Aero Club of Cincinnati, c/o P. L. Mitchell, Traction Buildings,
+     Cincinnati
+
+
+~OREGON.~
+
+     Portland Aero Club, E. Henry Wemme, Pres., Portland
+
+
+~PENNSYLVANIA.~
+
+     Aviation Section, Professional Chauffeurs Ass'n. of America, 1933
+     Spring Gardens, Phil.
+
+    *Aero Club of Pennsylvania, Rev. Geo. S. Gassner, Sec., Betz
+     Buildings, Phil.
+
+     Ben Franklin Aeronautical Ass'n., c/o Dr. T. Chalmers Fulton, 6th
+     and Diamond Street, Phil.
+
+     Philadelphia Aeronautical Recreation Society, Dr. Thos. E.
+     Eldridge, Pres., 1639 N. Broad Street, Phil.
+
+     Haverford College Aero Club, Haverford, Pa.
+
+     Swartmore College Aero Club, Swartmore, Pa.
+
+     Univ. of Penn. Aero Club, Univ. of Penn., Phil., Pa.
+
+     Aero Club of Carnegie, Tech. Schools, Pittsburg, Pa.
+
+     Intercollegiate Aeronautical Ass'n., Geo. A. Richardson, Pres.,
+     Univ. of Penn., Phil.
+
+     Pittsburg Aero Club, H. P. Haas, Sec., Magel Buildings, Pittsburg,
+     Pa.
+
+
+~RHODE ISLAND.~
+
+     Pawtucket Aero Club, Pawtucket
+
+     Rhode Island Aeronautical Society, Providence, John J. Long, Sec.,
+     c/o Brown University
+
+
+~TENNESSE.~
+
+     Nashville Aero Club, Nashville, E. Fisher Coles, Sec.
+
+
+~TEXAS.~
+
+     Dallas Aero Club, c/o Chamber of Commerce
+
+     San Antonio Aero Club, c/o Dr. Fred J. Fielding, 423 Hick's
+     Buildings, San Antonio
+
+     South Western Aero Club, P.O. Box 821, Fort Worth
+
+     Texas Junior Aeronautical Ass'n., Hugh Dumas, Pres., Fort Worth
+
+
+~UTAH.~
+
+     Aero Club of Utah, c/o L. R. Culver, 11 Eagle Block, Salt Lake City
+
+     Salt Lake City Aero Club, c/o Mr. Campbell, Walker Bank Buildings,
+     Salt Lake City
+
+
+~VERMONT.~
+
+     Aero Club of Vermont, Chas. T. Fairfield, Pres., c/o Rutland News,
+     Rutland
+
+
+~VIRGINIA.~
+
+     University of Virginia Aero Club, Stanford Swin, Sec., University
+     of Virginia
+
+     Virginia-Tennesse Aero Club, Bristol, Va-Tenn, C. W. Morey, Sec.
+
+
+~WASHINGTON.~
+
+     Aero Club of Washington, 415 Union Trust Buildings, Washington,
+     D.C.
+
+     Aero Club of Seattle, c/o M. Robert Guggenheim, 511 Lonan
+     Buildings, Seattle
+
+     Walla Walla Aero Club, Walla Walla
+
+
+~WISCONSIN.~
+
+    *Milwaukee Aero Club, Milwaukee, c/o Major Henry B. Hersey, Chief
+     of the Weather Bureau, Milwaukee
+
+     Milwaukee Aeronautic Society, Pres., Sherman Brown, Manager of
+     Davidson Theatre, Milwaukee
+
+
+~U.S.A. MILITARY AVIATION.~
+
+~U. S. ARMY AEROPLANE SPECIFICATIONS. (1912).~
+
+~SPEED SCOUT MILITARY AEROPLANE.~
+
+     (1) Carry one person with the seat located to permit of the largest
+     possible field of observation. (2) Ascend at the rate of 1500 feet
+     in three minutes, while carrying fuel for one hour's flight. (3)
+     Carry fuel for a three hours' flight. (4) Must be easily
+     transportable by road, rail, etc., and easily and rapidly assembled
+     and adjusted. (5) The starting and landing devices must be part of
+     the machine itself, and it must be able to start without outside
+     assistance. (6) The engine must be capable of throttling. (7) The
+     engine will be subject to endurance test in the air of two hours'
+     continuous flight. (8) Speed in the air of at least 65 miles an
+     hour. (9) Capable of landing on and arising from ploughed fields.
+     (10) The supporting surfaces must be of sufficient size to insure
+     safe gliding in case the engine stops. (11) The efficiency and
+     reliability of the system of control must have been demonstrated
+     before the purchase order is placed. The aeroplane must be capable
+     of executing a figure eight within a rectangle 500 yards by 250
+     yards, and without decreasing its altitude more than 100 feet at
+     the completion of the figure eight. This test to be made by aviator
+     alone without carrying extra weight. (12) The extreme width of the
+     aeroplane supporting surfaces must not exceed 40 feet.
+
+
+~SCOUT MILITARY AEROPLANE.~
+
+     (1) The aeroplane must carry two persons with seats located to
+     permit of the largest possible field of observation for both. (2)
+     The control must be capable of use by either operator from either
+     seat. (3) The machine must be able to ascend at least 2000 feet in
+     ten minutes while carrying a weight of 600 lbs. including the
+     aviator and passenger, 150 lbs. of gasoline, and extra weight to
+     make 600 lbs. All of the extra weight must be carried on the engine
+     section and not distributed over the wings. (4) The fuel and oil
+     capacity must be sufficient for at least four hours continuous
+     flight. This will be determined by a trial flight of at least one
+     half-hour, measuring the consumption of gasoline while carrying the
+     passenger and weight stated in paragraph 3. (5) Same as No. 4
+     above. (6) Same as No. 5 above. (7) The engine must be of American
+     manufacture and capable of throttling to run at reduced speed. (8)
+     Same as No. 7 above. This test will be made with aviator and
+     passenger, extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4.
+     (9) The aeroplane must develop a speed in the air of at least forty
+     miles an hour. This test will be made with aviator and passenger,
+     extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. The maximum
+     speed must not exceed sixty-five miles per hour. (10) Same as No. 9
+     above. This test will be made with aviator, passenger, extra weight
+     and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. (11) Same as No. 10
+     above. (12) Same as No. 11 above. (13) Same as No. 12 above.
+
+In ~1913~ additional requirements specified enclosed body, bullet-proof
+armour, .75 chrome steel, for engine and aviator, provision of necessary
+instruments and wireless, with, as desirable features, silencer and
+cut-out, self-starter and an efficient stabilising device.
+
+At end of March, 1913, the effective Army aeroplanes consisted of three
+50 h.p. _Wrights_, one _Wright-Burgess_, several old machines.
+
+The Navy had two _Wright-Burgess_ hydros and a few nondescripts. A
+_Burgess_ flying boat since added.
+
+
+The estimate for Army effectives at end of the present year (1913) is 21
+(5 _Burgess_, 6 _Curtiss_, 10 _Wright_).
+
+
+~AVIATORS.~
+
+(The numbers after any name is the number of the U. S. Aero Club
+certificate.)
+
+
+Army.
+
+  Arnold, Lieut. H. H. (29)
+  Beck, P. Capt. (39)
+  Brereton, Lt. L. H. (211)
+  Burge, Corp. V. S. (154)
+  Chandler, C. de F. Capt. (59)
+  Foulois, Lieut. (140)
+  Geiger, Lieut. H. (166)
+  Goodier, Lt. L. E. (200)
+  Graham, Lieut. H. (152)
+  Hennessy, Capt. F. B. (153)
+  Humphreys, Lieut.
+  Kirtland, Lieut. R.C. (45)
+  Lahm, Lieut. F. P. (2)
+  Love, Lieut. M. L. (155)
+  McClaskey, Lieut. J. W. (90)
+  McKay, Capt. G. W. (67)
+  McLeary, Lieut. S. H. (210)
+  McManus, Lieut.
+  Milling, Lieut. (30)
+  Rodgers, J. Lieut. (48)
+  Sherman, Lieut. W. C. (151)
+  Winder, Lieut.-Col. C.B. (130)
+
+
+Navy.
+
+  Herbster, Ens. (103)
+  Ellyson, Lieut. T. G. (28)
+  Rodgers, John, Lieut.
+  Towers, Lieut. J. H. (62)
+
+
+~U.S.A. PRIVATE AVIATORS (to end of 1911).~
+
+(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C.
+America pilot certificate number. Only a few American aviators have
+bothered to obtain the Ae. Certificate. America produces a large number
+of aviators who fly for pleasure or exhibitions only and have not gone
+into competitions under International Rules. These consequently do not
+bother about certificates; but most of those recorded could easily
+obtain them, if they cared to try.)
+
+  Adams, Clarence
+  Adams, A. S. (215)
+  Alvarez, F.
+  Ambrose, Charles
+  Andrews, Thornwell
+  Apto, H. J.
+  Arndt, Edw. F.
+  Atwater, Mrs. L. J.
+  Atwater, W. B. (98)
+  Atwood, H. N. (33)
+  Baker, G. H.
+  Baldwin, Ivy
+  Baldwin, Capt. T. S. (7)
+  Barnett, A. E.
+  Barton, Sam
+  Bates, M. F. (66)
+  Beachey, Hillery (89)
+  Beachey, Lincoln (27)
+  Beatty, G. W. (41)
+  Beckly, Wm. A.
+  Beers, W. C. (40)
+  Benoist, T. W.
+  Bergdoll, Louis, J.
+  Betton, Kaid
+  Bishop, Cortland
+  Bleakley, W. H.
+  Boandette, A. B.
+  Bonner, G. T.
+  Bonette, C. C.
+  Bonney, L. W. (47)
+  Brackett, A. J.
+  Brewer, Roy
+  Brindley, O. A. (46)
+  Brinker, H. S.
+  Brodie, O. W. (135)
+  Brookins, W. R. (19)
+  Brown, H. H. (58)
+  Bumbaugh, Capt. G. L.
+  Burgess, W. Starling (136)
+  Burligh, Chas.
+  Bush, J. F.
+  Butler, P. J.
+  Callon, J. L. (102)
+  Champion, Frank (86)
+  Christmas, Wm.
+  Cannon, Jack
+  Cline, W. F.
+  Coffyn, F. C. (26)
+  Cole, R.
+  Coleman, R. F.
+  Cook, W. B. (95)
+  Cooke, Henry C.
+  Cooke, F. G. (26)
+  Cooper, John D. (60)
+  Costello, A. B.
+  Coutourier, C. (79)
+  Crewelson, W. H.
+  Cross, Redmond W. (35)
+  Crosby, R. W.
+  Cummings, J. A.
+  Curtiss, Glenn H. (1) & (Ae. C. F. 1)
+  Curzon, J. W.
+  DeGiers, C.
+  De Hart, D. C.
+  De Kor, F. (72)
+  Dennis, D. L.
+  Dixon, S. D.
+  Dougherty, E. S. (87)
+  Doyle, H.
+  Drew, A. (50)
+  Drexel, J. A. (8)
+  Durgan, W. E.
+  Dyott, G. M.
+  Eaton, Warren
+  Ecot, Robert G.
+  Eells, Fred.
+  Elton, Albert (75)
+  Engel, A. J.
+  Erickson, Louis, G.
+  Eshoo, D.
+  Evans, W.
+  Ey, G.
+  Fish, Farnam (85)
+  Fortney, Lewis
+  Fowler, R. G.
+  Freeman, A. (84)
+  Fuchs, Joseph
+  Funk, T. B.
+  Gallaudet, E. F. (32)
+  Games, A. B.
+  Gantz, Saxe P.
+  Gardener, Hubbard G.
+  Garner, R. W.
+  Gaskell, Bud
+  Gratz, H. F.
+  Gray, George
+  Green, William, Dr.
+  Gregory, Donald
+  Greider, C.
+  Greider, J.
+  Gressier, Romaine
+  Guey, Fung Joe
+  Hadley, C. O.
+  Hall,
+  Hamilton, C. K. (12)
+  Hamilton, J. W.
+  Hamilton, Thos. W.
+  Hammond, Lee (34)
+  Harper
+  Harkness, H. S. (16)
+  Harmon, C. B. (6)
+  Hartman, A.
+  Haupt, Willie
+  Havens, Beckwith (127)
+  Hendrian, A.
+  Henning, J. C.
+  Henningsen, Fred
+  Heth, Eugene
+  Henry, R. St.
+  Hilliard, W. M. (Brit. Ae. C. 102)
+  Hills, H. V.
+  Hofer, W.
+  Hoff, Wm. H. (91)
+  Hoflake, Charles
+  Holden, J. J.
+  Holt, L. E. (63)
+  Hoover, Fred. (100)
+  Hoover, H. H.
+  Huddleston, E. D.
+  James, Stanley
+  Janicke, W.
+  Jannus, Anthony (80)
+  Jennings, J. C.
+  Jerwan, S. S. (54)
+  Johnson, Frank H.
+  Johnson, Walter E. (164)
+  Jumel, August
+  Kantner, H. (65)
+  Kellrey, H.
+  Kemmerle, Horace
+  Kennedy, F. M. (97)
+  Kiley, J. E.
+  Kimball, Wilbur R.
+  Klein, H. H.
+  Klockles, J. G.
+  Korn, Edward
+  Krasting, Theodore
+  La Chapelle, Duval
+  Lambert, A. B. (61)
+  Lambreath, C. E.
+  Lapadat, N.
+  Laser, G. F.
+  Le Van, Howard
+  Lewis, S. C. (92)
+  Lewkowicz, Ladis
+  Lidstone, Ed. S.
+  Lillie, M. T. (73)
+  Lockwood, Chas.
+  Longfellow, H. W.
+  Loose, Geo. H.
+  Lougheed, A.
+  Longo, T.
+  Ludwig, Vandy
+  Maier
+  Manners, George
+  Mars, J. C. (11)
+  Martin, J. B.
+  Martin, G. L. (56)
+  Martin, J. V.
+  Massar, A. M.
+  Masson
+  Matalach, S. H.
+  Mattingley, O. A.
+  Maynard, Arthur
+  Mayo, Albert (99)
+  McCally, J. B. (94)
+  McCarty, James
+  McClellam
+  McCollum, W. C.
+  McCurdy, J. A. D. (18)
+  McGoey, Thomas
+  McNamara, Geo. E.
+  McManus, L.
+  McMahon, A. J.
+  Medrick, F. H.
+  Meyerhoffer, Orvar
+  Miller, Clinton R.
+  Moisant, Miss M. E. (44)
+  Morok, Chas. B.
+  Mourfield, Carl
+  Murias, De E. F. (38)
+  Murphy, T.
+  Murphy, Wm.
+  Neidmiller, Ed.
+  Nelson, N. B.
+  Nelson, Nels. T.
+  Ovington, E. L.
+  Page, P. W. (68)
+  Paine, N. B.
+  Paridon, Michael
+  Park, Henry
+  Paulding, Dwight
+  Paulhan, L. (3)
+  Pfiel, P.
+  Post, Augustus
+  Powers, H. W.
+  Prince, Norman (55)
+  Prentice,
+  Prospect, Louis
+  Prowse, C. O.
+  Raiche, Mrs. F.
+  Ragot, Louis
+  Reichert, H. D. W. (82)
+  Remington, Earle
+  Reynolds, Dr. Percy, L.
+  Richter, J. (81)
+  Riggs, E.
+  Roat, Arthur R.
+  Robinson, H. (42)
+  Roehrig, B. F.
+  Rowe, F. E.
+  Russell, Geo.
+  Sackett, Harry
+  Sands, H. Hayden (Ae. C. F. 70)
+  Schafer, G. E.
+  Schmidt, G. S.
+  Schneider, Fred, P.
+  Schulz, G. C.
+  Schwartz, A.
+  Schwister, John
+  Scott, Miss B.
+  Seeman, J. R.
+  Seignor, H. A.
+  Seligman, J. (64)
+  Seymour, Joseph
+  Sellers, M. B.
+  Shelton, T.
+  Sherwood, Oliver, B.
+  Shneider, Fred.
+  Shoemaker, Chas. W. (93)
+  Sill, F.
+  Simmonds, O. G. (145)
+  Skinner, S. R.
+  Slaik, E.
+  Slavin, J. J.
+  Smith, A.
+  Smith, Kyle
+  Smith, R. M.
+  Sommerville, W. E.
+  Soreusen, Prof.
+  Sparling, J. N.
+  Steitz, F. M. (88)
+  Stewart, J. G.
+  Stone, A. (Ae. C. F. 15)
+  Summer, Gill.
+  Suppe,
+  Talmage, M. P.
+  Takisow,
+  Tarbox, J.
+  Thomas, W. T.
+  Thomas, O. W.
+  Thompson, George
+  Tickell, Sam
+  Timothy, S. R.
+  Troxey
+  Turpin, J. C. (22)
+  Tuttle, T. T.
+  Vanderbilt, W. K.
+  Vaughan, Stanley
+  Vogt, Jesse S.
+  Walden, Dr. H. W. (74)
+  Walker, Clarence
+  Ward, J. J. (52)
+  Warner, A. P.
+  Webster, C. L. (69)
+  Weeks, F. W.
+  Wells, G.
+  Wetzig, H. H.
+  Weymann, Charles (14)
+  Wilcox
+  Wildman, Dock
+  Willard, C. F. (10)
+  Williams, Beryl (71)
+  Williams, B. J.
+  Willoughby, Capt. Hugh L.
+  Wilson, Edward
+  Wiseman, Fred. E.
+  Witmer, C. C. (53)
+  Worden, John H. (76)
+  Wright, Orville (4) (Ae. C. F. 14)
+  Wright, Wilbur (5) (Ae. C. F. 15)
+  Young, C. M.
+  Yan, J.
+
+The following American aviators have been killed:--
+
+  +-----------------------+
+  |         1908.         |
+  | Selfridge, Lt. (Army) |
+  |                       |
+  |         1910.         |
+  | Johnstone, R. (20)    |
+  | Moisant, J. B. (13)   |
+  |                       |
+  |         1911.         |
+  | Badger, Wm. R. (36)   |
+  | Castellane, Tony      |
+  | Clark, C. B., Dr.     |
+  | Dixon, Cromwell (43)  |
+  | Ely, Eugene           |
+  | Frisbie, J. J. (24)   |
+  | Hoxsey, Arch. (21)    |
+  | Johnston, St. Croix   |
+  | Kelly, Lieut. (Army)  |
+  | Kreamer, Dan. A.      |
+  | Miller, F. H.         |
+  | Oxley                 |
+  | Penot, Marcel         |
+  | Purvis, Wm. G.        |
+  | Rosenbaum, Louis      |
+  | Schriver, Tod (9)     |
+  +-----------------------+
+
+
+~U.S.A. PRIVATE AVIATORS. (Brevets, 1912.)~
+
+  Aldasoro, J. P. (217)
+  Aldasaro, E. A. (218)
+  Andrews, W. D. (124)
+  Arnold, G. (198)
+  Barlow, F. E. (139)
+  Beckwith, S. F. (137)
+  Beech, A. C. (168)
+  Belcher, O. T. (158)
+  Bell, Dr. F. J. (196)
+  Bell, G. E. (201)
+  Bergdoll, G. C. (169)
+  Berlin, C. A. (109)
+  Bleakley, W. H. (206)
+  Bouldin, W. (157)
+  Boysdorfer, C. (193)
+  Brown, R. M. (185)
+  Bryant, G. M. (208)
+  Burnside, F. H. (212)
+  Carlstrom, O. G. (145)
+  Colovon, P. (160)
+  Crossley, S. J. (187)
+  Dalwigk, G. B. (190)
+  De Hart, D. C. (129)
+  Eaton, W. S. (128)
+  Edelman, D. (191)
+  Elliott, R. (178)
+  Figyelmessy, H. (203)
+  Fritts, E. V. (213)
+  Gilpatric, J. G. (171)
+  Gray, G. A. (142)
+  Gray, J. F. (150)
+  Gunn, T. (131)
+  Hattemer, H. L. (147)
+  Hemstraught, W. H. (146)
+  Hetlick, W. A., jr. (197)
+  Hild, F. C. (216)
+  Hunt, E. N. (163)
+  Holmes, H. (204)
+  Johnson, R. R. (205)
+  Kabitzke, W. (126)
+  Kammski, J. G. (121)
+  Kemper, F. W. (119)
+  Klockler, J. G. (125)
+  Korn, E. (171)
+  Lamkey, W. A. (183)
+  Law, R. B. (188)
+  Maroney, T. T. (106)
+  Masson, D. (202)
+  McMillen, R. E. (111)
+  Meyer, C. (176)
+  Miller, B. A. (173)
+  Niles, C. F. (181)
+  Park, H. (113)
+  Peoli, C. (141)
+  Piceller, W. (116)
+  Prodgers, C. B. (159)
+  Reid, M. E. (114)
+  Reid, P. H. (179)
+  Remer, L. H., de (115)
+  Richardson, R. H. C. (174)
+  Robinson, R. W. C. (162)
+  Ruiz, H. (182)
+  Russell, R. B. (132)
+  Salinas, A. (170)
+  Salinas, G. (172)
+  Schaeffer, J. S. (177)
+  Scholovinck, E. (195)
+  Schuman, F. J. (143)
+  Singh, M. M. (123)
+  Sjolander, C. T. (138)
+  Smith, J. F. (207)
+  Spaulding, J. D. (107)
+  Stark, W. M. (110)
+  Stinson, K. (148)
+  Sverkerson, J. S. (180)
+  Tait, G. M. (184)
+  Takeiski, K. (122)
+  Terrill, F. J. (108)
+  Thomson, C. (112)
+  Thompson, De L. (134)
+  Twombly, W. I. (149)
+  Vought, C. M. (156)
+  Waite, H. R. (186)
+  Weeks, E. O. (214)
+  Weiner, T. (167)
+  Wiggins, C. L. (175)
+  Wood, C. M. (209)
+
+
+U.S. Aviators killed:
+_Continued._
+
+  +---------------------------+
+  |      In ~1912.~           |
+  |                           |
+  | Blair, R.                 |
+  | Chambers, W. B.           |
+  | Clarke, J. (133)          |
+  | Gill, H. W. (31)          |
+  | Hazelhurst, Lieut.        |
+  | Kearney, H. F. (83)       |
+  | Kondo, M. (120)           |
+  | Lawrence, C.              |
+  | Longstaffe, J. L.         |
+  | Mitchell, L. (51)         |
+  | Page, R. (96)             |
+  | Parmelee (25)             |
+  | Peck, P. (57)             |
+  | Quimby, Miss H. (37)      |
+  | Rodgers, C. P. (49)       |
+  | Rockwell, Lt. L. C. (165) |
+  | Scott, Corp. F.           |
+  | Southard, F. J.           |
+  | Stevenson, J.             |
+  | Turner, H.                |
+  | Underwood, G.             |
+  | Walsh, C. F.              |
+  | Welsh, A. L. (23)         |
+  |                           |
+  |      In ~1913.~           |
+  |                           |
+  | Boland, F. E.             |
+  | Chandler, Lieut. R.       |
+  | Park, Lieut. T. D. (223)  |
+  +---------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+U.S.A. AEROPLANES.
+
+
+
+~A~
+
+
+AERIAL EXHIBITION Co. (Biplane), 1777, Broadway, New York. Built a
+_Curtiss_ type with Kirkham motor, 1911. 2 skids, with wheel between,
+and usual _Farman_ rubber shock absorbers.
+
+
+AERIAL YACHT CO., San Francisco. Inc. 1913. Capital, $25,000.
+
+
+AERONAUTICAL SUPPLY CO. See _Cordeaux-Etter_.
+
+
+AMERICAN AEROPLANE SUPPLY HOUSE (Monoplane), 266, Main Street,
+Hempstead, N.Y. Builders of monoplanes after the _Bleriot_ type.
+Half-a-dozen machines were built and sold during 1911. Fitted with
+Gnomes or American engines.
+
+
+
+~B~
+
+
+BALDWIN Biplanes. Captain Thos. S. Baldwin, PO Box, 78, Madison Square,
+N.Y. About half-a-dozen steel biplanes have been produced in 1911 by
+Captain Baldwin, and he and other aviators, Badger, Hammond, Miss Scott
+Mass, etc., have flown these at various exhibitions and meets, and are
+classed with well-known successful American biplanes.
+
+[Illustration: _Photo, Edwin Levick, N.Y._]
+
+Details of _Baldwin_ ("Red Devil").
+
+~Length.~--28-1/4 feet (8.60 m.) ~Span.~--28-3/4 feet (8.75 m.)
+
+~Motor.~--50-60 h.p. Hall-Scott ~Propeller.~--One Requa-Gibson in rear
+of main planes. Diameter, 7 feet (2.13 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.)
+
+~Speed.~--60 m.p.h. (97 k.p.h.)
+
+[Illustration: BALDWIN. RED DEVIL. UAS.]
+
+
+BENOIST. Benoist Aircraft Co., 6628, Delmar Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo.
+(formerly Aeronautic Supply Co.)
+
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+                               |    ~1912-13.~    |     ~1913.~      |
+        Model and date.        |    "Headless."   |   Flying boat.   |
+                               |                  |  Tandem biplane. |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~            feet (m.)|   22-1/2  (6.85) |   27             |
+  ~Span~              feet (m.)|   30      (9.15) |   42-1/6 (12.80) |
+  ~Area~         sq. feet (m².)|        ...       |        ...       |
+           {total   lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       | 1004       (455) |
+  ~Weight~ {                   |                  |                  |
+           {useful  lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                  h.p.|        ...       |    75 Roberts    |
+             {max. m.p.h. (km.)|   68       (110) |        ...       |
+  ~Speed~    {                 |                  |                  |
+             {min. m.p.h. (km.)|   31        (50) |        ...       |
+  ~Endurance~              hrs.|         3        |                  |
+  -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
+
+Notes.--The boat of the flying boat is 23-5/6 feet long, by 2 feet 2-1/2
+inches wide. Shipable wheels. See _Aeronautics_, January, 1913.
+
+[Illustration: BENOIST. Flying boat. UAS.]
+
+
+BOLAND. Boland Aeroplane & Motor Co., 1821, Broadway, New York. Works:
+Ft. Center St. Newark, N.J.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ----------------------------+------------------+
+        Model and date.       |     ~1913.~      |
+                              |    "Tailless."   |
+  ----------------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   21-1/6  (6.45) |
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   35-1/2 (10.80) |
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|        ...       |
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)|  900       (408) |
+  ~Weight~ {                  |                  |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|     60 Boland    |
+  ~Speed~         m.p.h. (km.)|   60        (95) |
+  Number built during 1912    |         1        |
+  ----------------------------+------------------+
+
+A refinement of the original machine of the late F. E. Boland, which
+first flew in 1911. _Control_ by two special jibs which work inward.
+Designed to be used also as a hydro, with three step floats. No rudder
+or ailerons. Full details, etc., see _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., May, 1913,
+and _Aircraft_, U.S.A., May, 1913.
+
+
+BURGESS. Burgess Co. & Curtis, Marblehead, Mass. Built _Wright_ types
+under license, also machines of their own.
+
+  ----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+       Model and date.        |      Military tractor.     |    Coast defence hydro.    |     Naval flying boat.
+                              |         ~1912-13.~         |          ~1913.~           |            ~1913.~
+  ----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   37-3/4            (8.50) |   33-1/3            (9.55) |   31                (9.45)
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   34-1/2           (10.50) |   37-3/4              (12) |   43               (13.10)
+                              |                            |                            |   --                -----
+                              |                            |                            |   36               (10.97)
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|             ...            |             ...            |  397                  (37)
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)|             ...            |             ...            |             ...
+  ~Weight~ {                  |                            |                            |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)|             ...            |  775                 (352) |             ...
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|         70 Renault         |        60 Sturtevant       |          70 Renault
+                              |                            |         _muffled_          |
+  ~Speed~         m.p.h. (km.)|   45                  (70) |   59                  (95) |             ...
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|            4-1/2           |            4-1/2           |             ...
+  Number built during 1912    |             ...            |             ...            |             ...
+  ----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+  Remarks.--                  |       Lumina fabric.       |     Special clear view     |   Boat 29-1/2 feet long.
+                              |        Single screw.       |      for observation.      |    2--2 step floats.
+                              |  Details, _Aeronautics_,   |     2--1 step mahogany     |  Petrol, 48 gallons.
+                              |    (U.S.A.), May-June,     |     and copper floats.     |    Details, _Aeronautics_,
+                              |          1912.             |        Useful weight       |  (U.S.A.), May, 1913.
+                              |                            |      includes floats.      |
+                              |                            |  Details, _Aeronautics_,   |
+                              |                            |    (U.S.A.), Feb., 1913.   |
+  ----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
+
+[Illustration: Burgess-Wright.]
+
+[Illustration: Burgess-Wright as a hydro (the U.S. Navy has two of these).]
+
+[Illustration: Military tractor. _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: "Coast defense" hydro. _From "Aeronautics."_]
+
+[Illustration: Burgess-Curtis. 1913 Naval flying boat.]
+
+
+
+~C~
+
+
+CHRISTMAS. Durham Christmas Aeroplane Sales & Exhibition Corporation,
+Inc. 1913. Capital: $10,000 to $50,000. Claims for it are that it is
+"automatically balanced." This is attained by the shape of the machine,
+not through the agency of any auxiliary apparatus.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+CORDEAUX-ETTER. Cordeaux-Etter Mfg. Corporation, Brooklyn, N.Y. Capital:
+$10,000. Took over, 1913, the Aeronautical Supply Co., of N.Y.
+
+
+COOKE. Weldon B. Cooke Aeroplane Co., Sandusky, Ohio. Founded 1913 by
+the well-known aviator, W. B. Cooke.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  ---------------------------+------------------+
+        Model and date.      |      ~1913.~     |
+  ---------------------------+------------------+
+  ~Length~          feet (m.)|   25      (7.60) |
+  ~Span~            feet (m.)|   24      (7.30) |
+  ~Area~       sq. feet (m².)|  240        (22) |
+           {total lbs. (kgs.)|  750       (340) |
+  ~Weight~ {                 |                  |
+           {usefullbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |
+  ~Motor~               h.p.{|75 Roberts 2 cycle|
+                            {|  _upside down_   |
+  ~Speed~        m.p.h. (km.)|        ...       |
+  Number built during 1912   |     new firm     |
+  ---------------------------+------------------+
+
+Details, _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., February, 1913.
+
+[Illustration: COOKE. UAS]
+
+
+CURTISS. Curtiss Aeroplane Co., Hammondsport, N.Y. Glenn H. Curtiss in
+1907 and 1908 was a member of the Aerial Experiment Association, formed
+by Dr. and Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell. This Association built four
+machines, each along the lines of one of the four engineers belong to
+the Association, F. W. Baldwin, Lieut. T. E. Selfridge, G. H. Curtiss
+and J. A. D. McCurdy. The last built was the _June Bug_, designed by
+Curtiss and was the most successful. In the spring of 1908, the
+Association was disbanded and The Aeronautical Society gave Curtiss an
+order for an aeroplane with _carte blanche_ as to design. He produced a
+4 cyl. machine, Curtiss engine, and flew it. A duplicate was hurriedly
+built, 8 cyl. engine installed, and taken to Europe for the first Gordon
+Bennett, which he won. Returning, the same type was continued with minor
+improvements. Later the front elevator was brought closer in, finally
+discarded, and the fan tail adopted and this remains the standard land
+machine to-day. In April, a military tractor was built and flown.
+
+On January 26th, 1911, first successful flights were made with a
+hydroaeroplane, at the Winter camp at San Diego, Calif. This had two
+floats tandem. One was finally adopted and great success was achieved,
+and remains standard at the present time. With this machine various
+experiments were made. It was altered in a tractor for one occasion, it
+was lifted on board warships; made into triplane, etc.
+
+In 1912 he brought out his present type of flying boat. This is being
+rapidly developed and minor changes in details are made in practically
+every machine put out.
+
+In May, 1913, he produced a special 4-passenger flying boat for a
+customer on special order.
+
+Note.--In addition to those tabulated, special small racing machines
+have been built, as well as similar machines with extra sections simply
+added either side for Army use.
+
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------
+        Model and date.      |      ~Type D.~     |      ~Type E.~       |       ~Type F.~
+                             |       ~1913.~      |       ~1913.~        |       ~1913.~
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------
+  ~Length~          feet (m.)|   26-2/3    (8.10) |   27-1/3      (8.33) |   27-1/3    (8.33)
+  ~Span~            feet (m.)|   26-1/4       (8) |   31-1/4      (9.50) |   38-1/3   (11.70)
+  ~Overall~         feet (m.)|   33-1/12     (10) |   36-1/4        (11) |   41-2/3   (12.70)
+  ~Area~       sq. feet (m².)|  214      (19-1/2) |  288        (26-1/4) |  421-1/2      (39)
+           {total  lbs. (kgs)|        ...         | 1700           (771) |         ...
+  ~Weight~ {                 |                    |                      |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs)|        ...         |  500           (227) |         ...
+  ~Motor~                h.p.|      Curtiss       |      80 Curtiss      |       Curtiss
+  ~Speed~        m.p.h. (km.)|        ...         |   59            (95) |         ...
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------
+  Remarks.--                 | Land service, but  |  Fitted either with  |Used to date only
+                             |is also made fitted |  wheels, pontons, or |as military tractor
+                             |    with floats.    |          boat.       |or heavy flying boat.
+                             |       Panels.      |    _Vilas boat._     |    _McCormick boat._
+                             |                    |   Boat 24 ft. long.  |Boat 25 ft. long 4 ft.
+                             |                    |Beam 54-1/2 ft. long. |wide. Freeboard 46
+                             |                    |Height 41 ins. long.  |ins. Cockpit 84 ins.
+                             |                    |Cockpit 3 ft. long by |long by 46 ins. wide.
+                             |                    |  4 ft. 2 ins. wide.  |Length of tail, incl.
+                             |                    |                      |  elevator 12 feet.
+  ---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+------------------
+
+For full details of the tractor (F) see _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., February,
+1913.
+
+[Illustration: 1913 Tractor. Type F.]
+
+[Illustration: 1912 flying boat. _By favor of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._]
+
+[Illustration: Curtiss. 1913 flying boat. UAS.]
+
+
+
+~G~
+
+
+GALLAUDET. Gallaudet Eng. Co., Norwich Ct.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+In 1912 produced a special racer as above. ~Span~, 32 feet (9.75 m.)
+~Area~, 200 sq. feet (18-1/2 m².) ~Speed~, 100 m.p.h. (160 k.p.h.)
+~Motor~, 100 Gnome.
+
+
+
+~K~
+
+
+KIRKHAM Biplanes. Chas. B. Kirkham, Motor Manufacturers, Savona, N.Y.
+Began to manufacture aeroplanes in 1912, after previous experiments and
+flights near his factory.
+
+~Length~, ? feet ( ? m.) ~span~, 34 feet (10.40 m.) ~surface~, ? sq.
+feet ( ? m².)
+
+~Weight.~--Complete, _without pilot_, 980 lbs. (445 kgs.)
+
+~Motor.~--50 h.p. Kirkham, located in front under bonnet. 70 h.p. also
+fitted.
+
+~Speed.~--56-62 m.p.h. (90-100 k.p.h.)
+
+Remarks.--Rises easily at under 35 m.p.h., and has a full speed radius
+of 5-1/2 hours. Full details in _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., January, 1912.
+1913, no changes.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+~L-S~
+
+
+LOENING. Monoplane aero boat, with one very deep step. See
+_Aeronautics_, U.S.A., May-June, 1912.
+
+
+SELLERS. Quadruplane. Matthew B. Sellers, R.F., D2, Norwood, Ga. Has
+been successfully experimenting for a number of years with a staggered
+quadruplane, and has given the aviation world a number of valuable
+papers. His aim is to fly successfully with the least possible horse
+power. For several years he has been making flights with various engines
+delivering from 5 to 6 h.p. on careful test. The actual thrust has been
+measured and recorded in late 1911 experiments. Details in
+_Aeronautics_, June, 1909; October, 1909; November, 1910; January, 1911;
+January, 1912. No actual details of the machine are available, but it
+follows closely the patent drawings (see references). He is one of the
+few real scientific flying men in the U.S.A. The original machine with
+slight changes was still flying at end of 1912 with only 5 h.p. B.H.P.
+The flying speed is 20 m.p.h.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+SLOANE. Sloane Aeroplane Co., 1733, Broadway, New York. Established
+1911. Agents for _Caudrons_ and _Deperdussins_. Run a school for these.
+
+
+
+~T-V~
+
+
+THOMAS Biplanes. Thomas Bros., Bath, N.Y., O.W., and W.T. Thomas began
+experimenting and flying in 1908 with a machine on the order of a
+_Curtiss_. In the winter of 1909-10, a type of their own was produced
+and was flown during 1911 by Walter Johnson in exhibitions. In 1912 they
+continued the same type, with refinements. In 1913 they adopted the
+overhanging top plane type, but of the same general high order of
+construction.
+
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                              |      ~1912.~     |                  |      ~1913.~     |      ~1913.~     |       ~1913.~
+       Model and date.        |      Tractor     |      ~1913.~     |     Standard     |      Special     |     Flying boat.
+                              |     biplane.     |    Monoplane.    |     biplane.     |     biplane.     |
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
+  ~Length~             ft.(m.)|        ...       |   30      (9.15) |        ...       |   25      (7.62) |        ...
+  ~Span~               ft.(m.)|   37     (11.27) |   32      (9.75) |   37     (11.27) |   33        (10) |   33         (10)
+                              |   27      (8.23) |        ...       |   27      (8.23) |   23         (7) |   23          (7)
+  ~Area~          sq. ft.(m².)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)|  900       (408) |  750       (340) |  900       (408) |  850       (385) |        ...
+  ~Weight~ {                  |                  |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |  400       (181) |        ...
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|    65 Kirkham    |    70 Kirkham    |    65 Kirkham    |    65 Kirkham    |        100
+                              |                  |     _muffled_    |                  |                  |     Maximotor
+  ~Speed~           m.p.h.(km)|   58        (94) |        ...       |   58        (94) |   60        (97) |        ...
+  ~Endurance~             hrs.|         2        |        ...       |         2        |       2-1/4      |        ...
+  Number built during 1912    |         1        |    _building_    |        ...       |        ...       |      _building_
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
+
+Remarks. Control in all: Ailerons, 4 rudders. Elevator operated by
+rocking post on which wheel is mounted. The 1912 tractor was given up as
+less efficient than the Standard 1913. Special: full description
+_Aeronautics_, U.S.A., May, 1913.
+
+The move was evolved 1912, but not built till well into 1913.
+
+[Illustration: 1913 Standard biplane. UAS.]
+
+
+
+~W~
+
+
+WASHINGTON. Washington Aeroplane Co., Washington, D.C. In 1913 built a
+flying boat to private order. ~Length~, 29 feet (8.83 m.) ~Maximum
+span~, 38 feet (11.85 m.) ~Motor~, 80 h.p. Gyro. Boat with eight
+compartments and one 3 inch step.
+
+[Illustration: Miss Columbia. UAS.]
+
+[Illustration: Latest Thomas.]
+
+
+WITTEMAN. Witteman Bros., 17, Ocean Terrace and Little Clare Road,
+Staton Island, N.Y. These people do a considerable business building
+Curtiss type machines or machines to special designs for others. They
+built the _Baldwin_ biplanes for Captain Baldwin, to his design, using
+steel tubing throughout. See _Aeronautics_, December, 1911, for a
+_Witteman_ of special design shown by them at the Aero Show.
+
+[Illustration: Witteman. 1912-13.]
+
+
+WRIGHT BROS. Biplanes. The Wright Co., Dayton, Ohio. The original type
+of _Wright_ machine was mounted on skids only, and started along a rail.
+Its special features were a biplane elevator forward, main planes with
+warpable tips to trailing edge, small keel in gap, 2 propellers, chain
+driven in rear of planes, double rudder in rear and no tail. Wilbur
+Wright flew a machine of this type for 2 h. 20 m. 23-1/2 s. in 1908.
+(Details of early _Wrights_ see previous editions of this book.)
+
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+       Model and date.        |       ~B.~       |       ~C.~       |      ~EX.~       |       ~E.~
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+  ~Length~           feet (m.)|   31      (9.45) |   29-3/4     (9) |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Span~             feet (m.)|   39     (11.90) |   38     (11.58) |   32      (9.75) |   32      (9.75)
+  ~Area~        sq. feet (m².)|  500        (47) |  500        (47) |        ...       |        ...
+           {total  lbs. (kgs.)| 1250       (567) |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Weight~ {                  |                  |                  |                  |
+           {useful lbs. (kgs.)|        ...       |        ...       |        ...       |        ...
+  ~Motor~                 h.p.|   30-35 Wright   |   30-35 Wright   |  30 or 50 Wright |  30 or 50 Wright
+  ~Speed~         m.p.h. (km.)|   45        (75) |   45        (75) |        ...       |        ...
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+                              |                  |  1913 standard.  |  For exhibition  |       1913
+                              |                  |  This machine as |    work only.    |  for exhibition
+                              |                  | a hydro is fitted|   Single seater  |    work only.
+                              |                  |  with two 3 step |  small duplicate |  Single seater
+                              |                  |      floats.     |       of B.      | duplicate of EX
+                              |                  |   Mea magneto.   |                  |except fitted with
+                              |                  |                  |                  |a single propeller
+                              |                  |                  |                  |      only.
+  ----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
+
+[Illustration: Wright. Model B. UAS]
+
+[Illustration: Wright. Model C. _From "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS.]
+
+
+
+
+U.S.A. DIRIGIBLES.
+
+
+There are a few small dirigibles in the U.S.A., but they are in no way
+to be compared to French and German productions. Up-to-date, they have
+only been used as attractions at fairs about the country. In the past
+several larger ones of poor design have been built and found failures.
+
+
+~Military.~
+
+
+BALDWIN (1908) 20,000 c. feet (560 m³)
+
+
+
+
+Part B.
+
+HISTORICAL AIRCRAFT.
+
+
+In the following pages an attempt has been made to include photographs
+of all aeroplanes of the past six years, which, for one reason or
+another, "made history" in their own day.
+
+While many are merely freak machines, which in the light of present
+knowledge seem ridiculous, the germ of modern practice is to be found in
+many other aircraft illustrated in this cemetery of dead ideals; and it
+is worth noting that at least one constructor, who is one of the first
+in the field to-day, commenced operations with machines which were
+entirely "freaks."
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN.~
+
+[Illustration: WELS & ETRICH (1908). Original form of the modern
+_Etrich_ (q.v.).]
+
+[Illustration: HIPSSICH (1908). Tandem mono. with one propeller before
+and another in rear of rear plane.]
+
+[Illustration: NEMETHY (1908). The first "Aviette."]
+
+[Illustration: SOLTAU (1910). An ornithopter based on the earlier ideas
+of _Adehmar de la Hault_ (see Belgium).]
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+[Illustration: DE LA HAULT (1907). One of the earliest attempts at an
+ornithopter. No flights.]
+
+[Illustration: DE LA HAULT II. (1910-11). The ornithopter principle
+applied to a monoplane. No success met with.]
+
+[Illustration: D'HESPEL (1909-10). Single plane and suspended body.
+Early example of enclosed body. No flights.]
+
+
+~BRAZIL.~
+
+[Illustration: SANTOS-DUMONT XIX. This little machine, surface only 9
+m². made an extraordinary sensation in France in 1909. It flew at the
+then incredible speed of 65 m.p.h. (100 k.p.h.) Santos-Dumont presented
+all rights to the world soon afterwards, and a large number were built
+before it was realised that only an extremely light weight pilot could
+fly in one. Few of the copies ever left the ground.]
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+[Illustration: AVRO (1906). This 24 h.p. biplane, designed by A. V. Roe,
+was the first British machine to leave the ground.]
+
+[Illustration: AVRO (1907). Tractor triplane of only 9 h.p. This flew in
+Lea Marshes--the lowest horse power yet flown in Europe to the present
+day.]
+
+[Illustration: CODY (1909). Development of a much earlier machine. This
+one was a general laughing stock for a long time; but it was the direct
+predecessor of the machine (not very materially different) which was an
+easy first in the British Army aeroplane trials, 1912.]
+
+[Illustration: DE HAVILLAND (1909). The performances of this machine
+secured a Government appointment for its aviator-designer.]
+
+[Illustration: HOWARD WRIGHT (1908-09). The first machine in the world
+in which special attention was paid to securing a stream line body and
+minimised wind resistance.]
+
+[Illustration: HUMPHREY (1908-09). Earliest British attempt at a
+hydro-aeroplane; possibly the earliest design ever produced anywhere.]
+
+[Illustration: HUNTINGDON (DUNNE II) (1910). One of the earliest
+aeroplanes in existence--designed by Captain Dunne about 1905-06,
+previous to the secret experiments of the British War Office in
+Scotland, on the Duke of Atholl's estate. Assigned to Prof. Huntingdon
+in 1910. Made a few short flights.]
+
+[Illustration: PORTE (1908). Designed by Lieut. Porte, R.N., in
+conjunction with Lieut. Pirrie, R.N. This machine, on which the former
+well known aviator commenced his flying career, was smashed up in
+preliminary trials as a glider on Portsdown Hill, Portsmouth. Its design
+apparently preceded the _Goupy_ in the use of staggered planes.]
+
+[Illustration: "SAFETY" (1909-10).]
+
+[Illustration: SEDDON. (1910). Designed by Lieut. Seddon, R.N.]
+
+[Illustration: SHORT (1910). The first machine to Short's own design.
+(The tail here shown is a specially large one fitted by
+Moore-Brabazon).]
+
+[Illustration: VALKYRIE (1910). This was one of the first "tail first"
+machines to be designed. The experimental machine (also known as the
+_A.S.L._), was completed in Feb., 1910.]
+
+
+~DANISH.~
+
+[Illustration: ELLEHAMMER (1905). On 12th September, 1906, this machine
+made the first free flight in Europe. On 28th June, 1908, it won the
+prize at Kiel for the first flight in Germany (distance, 47 m.) It was a
+tractor biplane with a revolving Ellehammer motor. It also had a
+pendulum seat as a stabilising device.]
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+[Illustration: ANTOINETTE IV (1909). In this machine Latham made the
+first attempt to fly the Channel, 19th July, 1909.]
+
+[Illustration: BLERIOT IV (1907-8).]
+
+In 1909 the famous _Bleriot XI_ was built. This did very well at Reims,
+1909. On 25th July, 1909, Bleriot made the first Cross-Channel flight in
+the machine illustrated below.
+
+[Illustration: Bleriot XI.]
+
+This machine had ~length~, 23 feet (7 m.) ~Span~, 25-3/4 feet (7.80 m.)
+~Area~, 167 sq. feet (15-1/2 m².) Aspect ratio 4-1/2 to 1. ~Motor~,
+22-25, 3 cylinder Anzani. ~Speed~, _about_ 45 m.p.h. (73 k.m.) _Special
+features_: Fixed wings with rounded edges. Twin elevator and fixed
+surface tail.
+
+[Illustration: BOUSSON-BORGNIS (1907-08).]
+
+[Illustration: BREGUET (1906). The first Breguet, known as _Breguet
+Gyroplane I_. Made a flight in October, 1906, being the first helicopter
+to leave the ground.]
+
+[Illustration: BREGUET-RICHET II bis. (1909). A large and unsuccessful
+development of the gyroplane.]
+
+[Illustration: BREGUET IV (1910). On its appearance, this machine was
+generally laughed at and nicknamed the "Coffee Pot," till in Aug., 1910,
+it made a world's record by carrying six, and later proved itself
+superior in stability to anything then existing.]
+
+[Illustration: CHAUVIÉRE (1909-10). Attempt to develop a monoplane with
+propellers in rear. The idea has been resuscitated for some 1913
+military monoplanes.]
+
+[Illustration: COLLOMB (1907-09). Ornithopter, from which great things
+were once expected.]
+
+[Illustration: CORNU (1908). An early helicopter for which flights were
+claimed, but have also been denied.]
+
+[Illustration: D'EQUIVELLY (1907-08). Interesting example of the strange
+machines devised by pioneers.]
+
+[Illustration: H. FARMAN (1907). This famous machine is the first
+_Voisin_, and the one on which H. Farman taught himself to fly. It was
+the first machine to make a turn in the air. Won the Deutsh-Archdeacon
+Grand Prix, 13th January, 1908, with a flight of 1 minute, 28 seconds.
+The extra third plane was added later. An Austrian Syndicate
+subsequently bought the machine.]
+
+[Illustration: H. FARMAN (1908). Farman's first idea of a monoplane. It
+proved too heavy to fly with the power provided. Was eventually sold to
+a German officer. Three sets of wings and entirely enclosed body.]
+
+[Illustration: GABARDINI (1909-10). Very early hydro-aeroplane,
+antedating the _Fabre_.]
+
+[Illustration: GIVAUDIN (1908-09). Built by the Vermorel Co. The first
+conception of an idea which has since attracted a certain class of
+inventor in Germany, Italy and the U.S.A.]
+
+[Illustration: MILITARY (1909). The first special military aeroplane
+ever built. It was specially designed by Capt. Dorand, for what were
+then held to be the aerial necessities of the French Army. The planes
+were placed well above the body, giving the pilot a very clear
+uninterrupted view.]
+
+[Illustration: PISCHOFF-KOECHLIN (1906 or earlier). Dates from the days
+when a box-kite was the elementary idea in design, and the accepted
+position of the aviator lying prone.]
+
+[Illustration: PISCHOFF-KOECHLIN (1908). Very early example of a tractor
+biplane. The extra span of the upper plane is also of interest. The
+machine had twin mono-elevators aft and also twin rudders.]
+
+[Illustration: R.E.P. (1908). Early example of enclosed stream line
+body. Apparently the first machine in which steel construction
+appeared.]
+
+[Illustration: VOISIN (1908). The first European aeroplanes to fly with
+any real success.]
+
+[Illustration: VUITTON-HUBER (1908). Early helicopter.]
+
+[Illustration: VUIA (1908). Earliest known machine with folding wings.]
+
+[Illustration: WITZIG-LIORE-DUTILLUEL (1908-09). First or one of the
+first appearances of the idea of a series of staggered planes, with
+which Sellers has ever since experimented in the U.S.A.]
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+[Illustration: BEILHARZ. (1909). First design in which a completely
+closed in body figured.]
+
+[Illustration: GEISLER (1908).]
+
+[Illustration: GRADE (1908). The first German built machine to fly.]
+
+[Illustration: LORENZEN (1908-09).]
+
+[Illustration: PARSEVAL (1909). Early hydro-aeroplane. Specially
+designed for military purposes by Major Parseval.]
+
+[Illustration: SCHOLTZ (1908). Never left the ground.]
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+[Illustration: MILLER (1908-09). First aeroplane to be designed and
+constructed by Italians.]
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+[Illustration: DUFAUX (1908-09). First Swiss machine.]
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+[Illustration: BOKOR (1909). The third American machine to leave the
+ground; the second purely U.S. one.]
+
+[Illustration: CALL II (1909).]
+
+[Illustration: CYGNET II (1908). Designed by Dr. Graham Bell, of the
+Aeronautical Society of America. Bell (Canadian), Glen Curtis (U.S.),
+Herring (U.S.), and Burgess (Canadian). It made short flights.]
+
+[Illustration: ENGLISH (1909). In 1909 extraordinary claims were made
+for this machine and great things expected. On a full power trial in its
+shed it broke loose, and smashed itself against the roof. No recorded
+outdoor results.]
+
+[Illustration: HERRING-BURGESS (1910).]
+
+[Illustration: HULBERT (1910). This strange machine built in Switzerland
+by Dr. Dane Hulbert, achieved several flights. The planes were placed
+longitudinally instead of in the usual way.]
+
+[Illustration: JUNE BUG (1908-09). Famous machine of its era. Built by
+the Aeronautical Society of America (see _Cygnet II_). Second machine to
+fly in the U.S.A. Did 2000 miles before being broken up.]
+
+[Illustration: KIMBALL (1909). First machine in which a large number of
+propellers was attempted. Failed.]
+
+[Illustration: LOOSE (1910).]
+
+[Illustration: LUYTIES OTTO (1908).]
+
+[Illustration: MOISSANT (1910). Built entirely of aluminium. Designed by
+the late John Moissant. Failed.]
+
+[Illustration: RICKMAN (1908).]
+
+[Illustration: ROSHON (1908).]
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAMS (1908).]
+
+[Illustration: ZERBE (1909).]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: WRIGHT (1908). Two views of the machine with which Wilbur
+Wright startled all Europe from August, 1908 to April, 1909. First U.S.
+machine to fly.]
+
+
+
+
+Part C.
+
+
+AERO ENGINES,
+
+ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED IN ORDER OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.
+
+~AUSTRIAN, BELGIAN, BRITISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, U.S.A.~
+
+      ~Note.~--So far as possible this is a complete list of all the
+          aero engines of any importance.
+
+      Data are confined to what is now being made or actually in use;
+          untested "show novelties" are ignored.
+
+      In the case of some engines it has for various reasons proved
+          impossible to obtain full data in time for inclusion in this
+          edition.
+
+      In a general way these lists are confined to aeroplane engines.
+
+
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN.~
+
+~Revised by Herr Ing. W. Isendahl.~
+
+
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+                   ~AUSTRO-DAIMLER.~                  |                       ~KÖRTING.~                   |
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+   35-40 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×120 (1450 r.p.m.) 165 lbs. | [Illustration]                                     |
+   65-70 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×140 (1350 r.p.m.) 232 lbs. |                                                    |
+     120 h.p., 6 cyl., 130×175 (1200 r.p.m.) 419 lbs. | Note.--This engine is no longer made, but it is to |
+                                                      | be found still in some dirigibles.                 |
+   Vertical water-cooled.                             |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+   H.T. Magneto.                                      |                                                    |
+   All Valves overhead. Rocking levers and piston     |                                                    |
+   rods.                                              |                                                    |
+   Forced lubrication.                                |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+   Pressed steel pistons.                             |                                                    |
+   Nickel-chrome crank shaft, hollow and closed.      |                                                    +
+   White-metal bearings.                              |                                                    |
+   Cast-iron single cylinders (copper jackets).       |                                                    |
+   Single camshaft.                                   |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+   [Illustration: 120 h.p.]                           |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+   The 120 has 2 carburetters and 2 H.T. magnetos.    |                                                    |
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+
+  +-------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+  |                ~METALLURGIQUE.~                 |                      ~PIPE.~
+  +-------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+  | 40 h.p., 4 cyl.,  85×130 (1850 r.p.m.)          | 50-70 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×100 (1950 r.p.m.) 239 lbs.
+  | 60 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×150 (1850 r.p.m.) 300 lbs. | 110 h.p., 8 cyl.
+  | 90 h.p., 4 cyl., 125×150 (1600 r.p.m.) 550 lbs. |
+  |                                                 | Vertical, air-cooled (fan).
+  | Vertical, water-cooled.                         |
+  |                                                 | H.T. magneto.
+  | H.T. magneto.                                   | Mechanical inlets.
+  | Mechanical inlets.                              | Pump lubrication.
+  | Pump lubrication.                               |
+  |                                                 |
+  |                                                 |
+  |                                                 |
+  +-------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+  |                      <b>MIESSE.</b>                    |                       <b>VIVINUS.</b>
+  |                                                 |
+  |50-60 h.p., 4 cyl.                          lbs. | 50 h.p., 4 cyl., 106×120 (1600 r.p.m.) 205 lbs.
+  |100   h.p., 8 cyl., 130×140             245 lbs. | 60 h.p., 4 cyl., 112×130 (1600 r.p.m.) 236 lbs
+  |                                                 | 70 h.p., 4 cyl., 115×130 (1800 r.p.m.) 280 lbs.
+  |Horizontal opposed, air-cooled (fan).            |
+  |                                                 | Vertical, water-cooled.
+  |H.T. magneto                                     |
+  |Mechanical inlets.                               | H.T. magneto.
+  |Pump lubrication.                                | Mechanical inlets.
+  |                                                 | Pump lubrication.
+  |<i>Features.</i>--                                      |
+  |                                                 |
+  |Air cooling is carried out by fans which drive   |
+  |air through air jackets on cylinders.            |
+  |All valves in cylinder heads, rocker operated.   |
+  |Vertical crank shaft.                            |
+  +-------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+
+  --------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                        ~A.B.C.~                    |                      ~GREEN.~                      |                          ~N.E.C.~                         |                   ~WOLSELEY.~
+   All British Engine Co., Ltd., Brooklands, Surrey.|    Green Engine Co., Ltd., 455, Berners Street,    |      New Engine (Motor) Co. Ltd., 9, Grafton Street,      |        Wolseley Tool & Motor Car Co., Ltd.,
+                                                    |                      London, W.                    |                    Bond Street, London, W.                |            Adderley Park, Birmingham.
+  --------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+   30 h.p.,  4 cyl.,  95×80  (1450 r.p.m.) 155 lbs. |  30-35 h.p., 4 cyl., 105×120              158 lbs. |  50 h.p., 4 cyl., 95×115 (1250 r.p.m.)          205 lbs.  | 60-80 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×140, type A        325 lbs.
+   45 h.p.,  6 cyl.,  95×80  (1450 r.p.m.) 225 lbs. |  50-60 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×146              263 lbs. |  90 h.p., 6 cyl., 96×115 (1250 r.p.m.)          405 lbs.  |    "          "       "       "  B        345 lbs.
+   60 h.p.,  8 cyl.,  95×80  (1450 r.p.m.) 231 lbs. | 90-100 h.p., 6 cyl., 140×152              298 lbs. |                                                           |    "          "       "       "  C        315 lbs.
+   85 h.p.,  6 cyl., 125×105 (1700 r.p.m.) 290 lbs. |  Vertical, water-cooled (pump). H.T. magneto.      |  Two stroke vertical for the 90 h.p. ~V~ for the 50.      |    "          "       "       "  D        335 lbs.
+  115 h.p.,  8 cyl., 125×105 (1400 r.p.m.) 380 lbs. |  Mechanical inlets.             Forced lubrication.|                                                           | 120 h.p.,  8 cyl., 125×175 (1150 r.p.m.)  630 lbs.
+  170 h.p., 12 cyl., 125×105 (1400 r.p.m.) 520 lbs. |                                                    |  H.T. magneto.                                            | ~V~ type. Types A and B of the 60-80 air-cooled
+  225 h.p., 16 cyl., 125×105 (1400 r.p.m.) 640 lbs. |  _Features._--                                     |  Valveless.                                               | (water-cooled exhausts). The others water-cooled.
+                                                    |    Cast-iron cylinders.  Overhead cam shaft.       |  Forced lubrication.                                      | Types A and C of the 60-80 are for direct coupling
+   ~V~ type, water-cooled (pump).                   |    Copper jackets.       Nickel chrome crank shaft.|                                                           | of propeller, with double thrust ball bearings.
+                                                    |    Overhead valves.      White metal bearings.     |  _Features._--                                            | Types B and D geared to half crank shaft speed.
+   H.T. magneto.                                    |                                                    |                                                           | Bosch dual ignition.
+   Mechanical inlets.                               |  [Illustration]                                    |  Pistons after uncovering exhaust ports open              | Mechanical inlets.
+   Forced lubrication.                              |                                                    |      the inlet ports. Air from blowers                    | Forced lubrication.
+                                                    |                                                    |      scavenges. Strong mixture enters                     | _Features._--
+   _Features._--                                    |                                                    |      immediately on compression stroke.                   | Steel cylinders (single).
+                                                    |                                                    |      This is effected by a central mechanism.             | Overhead valves (removable seats).
+   Steel cylinders (steel and copper jackets).      |                                                    |                                                           | Carburettor between cylinders.
+   Overhead vertical valves.                        |                                                    |  (N.B. Older types see previous editions.)                | Nickel chrome crank shaft, on 3 bearings.
+   Cast-steel crank case.                           |                                                    |                                                           |
+   Nickel chrome crank shaft, white metal           |                                                    |  [Illustration]                                           | [Illustration]
+   bearings.                                        |                                                    |                                                           |
+  --------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
+                           ~ANZANI.~                             |                      ~BERTIN.~                   |            ~CANTON-UNNÈ (SALMSON).~                |                ~CLEMENT BAYARD.~
+              71, _bis_ Quai d'Asinières (Seine).                |               8, rue Garancier, Paris.           |   E. Salmson, 55, rue Grange aux Belles, Paris.    |     Usineo Clement Bayard, 33 quai Michelet,
+                                                                 |                                                  |                                                    |           Levallois-Perret, (Seine).
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
+       30 h.p.,  3 cyl., 105×130 (1575 r.p.m.)          154 lbs. |  50 h.p., 4 cyl., 116×150 (1100 r.p.m,) 132 lbs. |  60 h.p., 7 cyl.,  75×260 (1300 r.p.m.)   220 lbs. |  40 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×120                242 lbs.
+       30 h.p.,  3 cyl., 105×120 (1300 r.p.m.)          121 lbs. | 100 h.p., 8 cyl., 116×150 (1100 r.p.m.) 209 lbs. |  80 h.p., 7 cyl., 120×140 (1250 r.p.m.)   298 lbs. | 100 h.p., 4 cyl., 135×160 (1500 rp.m.)   463 lbs.
+    40-45 h.p.,  6 cyl.,  90×120 (1300 r.p.m.)          154 lbs. |                                                  | 110 h.p., 9 cyl., 120×140 (1300 r.p.m.)   353 lbs. | 130 h.p., 4 cyl., 155×185
+    50-60 h.p.,  6 cyl., 105×120 (1300 r.p.m.)          200 lbs. | ~X~ type air cooled.                             |                                                    | 180 h.p., 6 cyl., 155×185 (1200 r.p.m.)
+       80 h.p., 10 cyl.,  90×130 (1250 r.p.m.)          238 lbs. |                                                  | The 60 h.p. has parallel a.c. cylinders, the other | 200 h.p., 4 cyl., 190×230 (1200 r.p.m.) 1100 lbs.
+      100 h.p., 10 cyl., 105×140 (1100 r.p.m.)          308 lbs. |                                                  | two are radial w.c.                                |
+                                                                 |                                                  |                                                    | H.T. magneto.
+      Radial type, air-cooled (but water-cooling is occasionally |                                                  | There is also a horizontal radial engine (w.c.)    | G.A. carburetter. Forced lubrication.
+      fitted).                                                   |                                                  | 300 h.p., 9 cyl., 150×210 (1200 r.p.m.) 990 lbs.   |
+                                                                 |                                                  |                                                    | Overhead valves worked by two cams only.
+      H.T. magneto.                                              |                                                  | H.T. magneto.                                      | Exhausts opened and closed by spring on tappet.
+      Mechanical inlets.                                         |                                                  | Mechanical inlets.                                 |
+      Forced lubrication.                                        |                                                  | Forced lubrication.                                | _40 h.p._, vertical, _en bloc_, water-cooled, copper,
+                                                                 |                                                  | Steel cylinders, copper jackets.                   | jacket, all valves same side, single cam shaft,
+      _Features._--                                              |                                                  | Overhead Valves.                                   | splash lubrication. Special carburetter, jet in
+                                                                 |                                                  | Single special steel crank shaft on ball bearings. | centre of float chamber.
+      Extremely simple construction.                             |                                                  | Aluminium alloy or steel crank case.               |
+      Mainshaft single crank.                                    |                                                  |                                                    | _130 and 180 h.p._ (for dirigibles), cylinders in pairs,
+      Flywheel specially balanced to compensate.                 |                                                  | [Illustration]                                     | water-cooled. Overhead valves, single over-head
+      Zenith carburetter.                                        +--------------------------------------------------+                                                    | cam shaft. Two ignitions. Expanding
+                                                                 |                    ~BURLAT.~                     |                                                    | clutch.
+                                                                 |        289 Avenue de Saxe, Lyon (Rhone).         |                                                    |
+                                                                 |                                                  |                                                    | [Illustration: Dirigible engine.]
+                                                                 |  35 h.p.,  8 cyl.,  95×120 (956 r.p.m.) 187 lbs. |                                                    |
+                                                                 |  60 h.p.,  8 cyl., 120×120 (940 r.p.m.) 264 lbs. |                                                    |
+                                                                 |  75 h.p.,  8 cyl., 120×170 (940 r.p.m.) 308 lbs. |                                                    |
+                                                                 | 120 h.p., 16 cyl., 120×120 (900 r.p.m.) 495 lbs. |                                                    |
+                                                                 |                                                  |                                                    |
+                                                                 | Rotary, air-cooled.                              |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+                          ~CHENU.~                      |                      ~CLERGET.~                      |           ~DANSETTE GILLET (LAVIATOR).~              |                         ~DE DION.~
+        Chenu, 10 Rue Fontaine-Saint-Georges, Paris.    |         Clerget & Cie, 11 rue Leon-Cogniet, Paris.   |         Dansette Gillet & Cie., 36 quai de.          |     Établissements de Dion-Bouton, 52 avenue des
+                                                        |                                                      |             Suresnes, Suresnes (Seine).              |                Champs-Élysées, Paris.
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+    50 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×130 (1300 r.p.m.) 253-1/2 lbs. |    43 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×120 (1600 r.p.m.)            |  80 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×130 (1200 r.p.m,)     418 lbs. |  80 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×120 (1700 r.p.m.)     484 lbs.
+    75 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×130 (1300 r.p.m.) 375     lbs. |    50 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×120 (1500 r.p.m.)   172 lbs. | 110 h.p., 6 cyl., 130×160 (1100 r.p.m.)     616 lbs. | 150 h.p., 8 cyl., 125×150 (1600 r.p.m.)     968 lbs.
+   200 h.p., 6 cyl., 150×200               860     lbs. |   100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×160 (1250 r.p.m.)   342 lbs. | 120 h.p., 4 cyl., 145×175 (1200 r.p.m.)     484 lbs. | ~V~ type, air-cooled for the 80; water-cooled for the
+                                                        | 50-60 h.p., 7 cyl., 120×120 (1200 r.p.m.)   198 lbs. | 120 h.p., 8 cyl., 114×160 (1200 r.p.m.)     418 lbs. | 150.
+   Vertical, water-cooled (thermo syphon).              |   200 h.p., 8 cyl., 140×160 (1275 r.p.m.)   495 lbs. | 200 h.p., 8 cyl., 147×175 (1100 r.p.m.)     715 lbs. |
+                                                        |                                                      | 250 h.p., 6 cyl., 180×200 (1050 r.p.m.)    1210 lbs. | H.T. magneto.
+   H.T. magneto.                                        | The 43 h.p. 50 and 100 vertical engines, w.c.        |                                                      | Pump lubrication.
+   Automatic lubrication.                               |                                                      | The 110, 120 (4 cyl.) and 250 are vertical, the      | Forced lubrication.
+                                                        | The 50-60 h.p. is a radial, rotary.                  | others are ~V~ type.                                 |
+   Cylinders in pairs.                                  |                                                      |                                                      | [Illustration: De Dion.]
+                                                        | The 200 h.p. has 2 carburetters and 2 magnetos,      |                                                      |
+                                                        | and is ~V~ type.                                     |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        | [Illustration: 200 h.p. Clerget.]                    |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+                 ~DUTHEIL CHALMERS (EOLE).~             |                      ~GNOME~                         |                   ~LABOR AVIATION.~                  |                      ~PANHARD.~
+  Dutheil Chalmers & Cie., 81-83 avenue d'italie, Paris.|  Société des moleurs Gnome, 3 rue La Boëtie, Paris.  |  Soc. anonyme des moteurs Labor Aviation, 29 rue de  |  Société Panhard & Levassor, avenue d'Ivry, Paris.
+                                                        |                                                      |          la Révolte, Levallois Perret (Seine).       |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+    40 h.p., 4 cyl., 125×120                   250 lbs. |  50 h.p.,  7 cyl., 11$1×$220 (1200 r.p.m.)  165 lbs. |  42 h p., 4 cyl.,  90×150 (1200 r.p.m.)     221 lbs. |  35-40 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×140                210 lbs.
+    60 h.p., 6 cyl., 125×120                   350 lbs. |  70 h.p.,  7 cyl., 13$1×$220 (1300 r.p.m.)  183 lbs. |  72 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×210 (1200 r.p.m.)     353 lbs. |     55 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×140                341 lbs.
+                                                        |  80 h.p.,  7 cyl., 124×140 (1200 r.p.m.)    191 lbs. | 120 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×250                   419 lbs. |    100 h.p., 8 cyl., 110×140 (1500 r.p.m.)  440 lbs.
+    Opposed horizontal, water-cooled.                   | 100 h.p., 14 cyl., 110×120 (1200 r.p.m.)    220 lbs. |                                                      |
+                                                        | 140 h.p., 14 cyl., 130×120 (1200 r.p.m.)    286 lbs. | Vertical water-cooled (pump).                        |  Vertical, water-cooled.
+    H.T. magneto.                                       | 160 h.p., 14 cyl., 124×140 (1200 r.p.m.)    308 lbs. |                                                      |
+    Automatic inlets.                                   |                                                      | H.T. magneto.                                        |  H.T. magneto.
+    Pump lubrication.                                   | Radial rotary, air-cooled.                           | Mechanical inlets.                                   |  Mechanical inlets.
+                                                        |                                                      | Forced lubrication.                                  |  Pump lubrication.
+                           also                         | H.T. magneto.                                        |                                                      |
+                                                        | Automatic inlets.                                    | _Features:_--                                        |  _Features._--
+                ~EOLE.~ (Dutheil Chalmers.)             | Forced lubrication.                                  |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      | Automatic carburetter.                               |  Cast-iron cylinders, jackets in casting.
+    40 h.p., 4 cyl., 130×130                   198 lbs. | _Features._--                                        |                                                      |  Valves at side.
+                                                        |                                                      | [Illustration]                                       |  Cam shaft in crank case.
+    Horizontal w.c., with central crank shaft over      | Single crank pin                                     +------------------------------------------------------+  Nickel chrome crank shaft; white metal
+    head valves.                                        | Steel cylinders turned from solid.                   |                       ~LA RHONE~                     |  bearings.
+                                                        | Single ignition point.                               |                                                      |
+    100 h.p., 8 cyl.                                    | Gas admitted through hollow crank shaft to           |  50 h.p.,  7 cyl., 105×140                  176 lbs. |  [Illustration]
+                                                        | crank case, thence to pistons; oil enters            |  80 h.p.,  9 cyl., 105×140                  242 lbs. |
+    Crank shaft at either end, all valves in centre.    | in a similar way.                                    | 100 h.p., 14 cyl., 105×140                  308 lbs. |  There is also a 120 h.p. 4 cylinder for dirigibles.
+                                                        | Nickel chrome crank shaft, ball bearings.            | 160 h.p., 18 cyl., 105×140                  374 lbs. |
+    [Illustration]                                      | Steel crank case.                                    |                  (1200 r.p.m. in all.)               |
+                                                        | The 100 h.p. has seven cylinders behind seven        |                                                      |
+                                                        | others. Larger sizes ditto.                          |  Rotary, air-cooled.                                 |
+                                                        | Older engines of 50-100 h.p. do not differ in        |                                                      |
+                                                        | general details.                                     |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        | [Illustration: 50 h.p. Gnome.]                       |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+                        ~RENAULT~                       |                        ~R.E.P.~                      |                  ~ROSSEL-PEUGEOT.~                   |                       ~VIALE.~
+      Automobiles Louis Renault, 15 rue Gustav-Sandoz,  |   Établissement Robert Ésnault Pelterie, 149 rue de  |Soc. anonyme de constructions aerienne Rossel-Peugeot,| Viale & Cie. 19 rue de la Mairie, Boulogne-sur-Seine
+                   Billancourt (Seine).                 |               Silly, Billancourt (Seine).            |        rue de Longchamp, à Suresnes (Seine).         |                        (Seine).
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+     25 h.p.,  4 cyl.,  90×120                 243 lbs. |   45 h.p., 5 cyl., 100×140                  243 lbs. |  30-40 h.p., 7 cyl., 105×110 (1100 r.p.m.)  165 lbs. |  30 h.p.,  3 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.)    165 lbs.
+     35 h.p.,  8 cyl.,  75×120                 243 lbs. |   60 h.p., 5 cyl., 110×160 (1100 r.p.m.)    330 lbs. |  40-50 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×110 (1100 r.p.m.)  172 lbs. |  50 h.p.,  5 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.)    199 lbs.
+     50 h.p.,  8 cyl.,  90×120                 375 lbs. |   90 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×160 (1100 r.p.m.)    463 lbs. |  50-55 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×110 (1150 r.p.m.)  165 lbs. |  70 h.p.,  7 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.)    254 lbs.
+     70 h.p.,  8 cyl.,  96×140                 397 lbs. |                                                      |                                                      | 100 h.p., 10 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.)    320 lbs.
+     90 h.p., 12 cyl.,  96×140                 640 lbs. |   Radial, air-cooled.                                |  Rotary, air-cooled.                                 |
+                    (All at 1800 r.p.m.)                |                                                      |                                                      |  Radial, air-cooled.
+                                                        |   H.T. magneto and accumulators.                     |  H.T. magneto.                                       |
+     Cylinders at 90°.                                  |   Mechanical inlets.                                 |  Mechanical inlets.                                  |  [Illustration: VIALE.]
+     ~V~ type, air-cooled.                              |   Forced lubrication.                                |  Forced lubrication.                                 |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      +------------------------------------------------------
+     H.T. magneto.                                      |   _Features._--                                      |  [Illustration: ROSSEL-PEUGEOT.]                     |
+     Mechanical inlets.                                 |                                                      |                                                      |                     ~VERDET.~
+     Pump lubrication.                                  |   In the 7 cyl. the cylinders are in two planes,     |  There is also a vertical water-cooled motor (1913). |
+                                                        |   four being in front of the others.                 |  100 h.p., 140×140 (1300 r.p.m.)            352 lbs. |  55 h.p., 7 cyl., 112×140 (1100 r.p.m.)    176 lbs.
+     _Features._--                                      |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        |   The 5 cyl. engines are fan shape in one plane.     |                                                      |  Rotary, air-cooled.
+     Two to one shaft, made specially strong to         |                                                      |                                                      |
+     admit of the direct coupling of a propeller.       |   [Illustration: 7 cylinder.]                        |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+     Inlet valves operated from below, exhausts         |                                                      |                                                      |
+     placed above them at the side.                     |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+     Plain bearings.                                    |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+     Special cooling.                                   |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+     [Illustration]                                     |                                                      |                                                      |
+                                                        |                                                      |                                                      |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+~Revised by Herr Ing. W. Isendahl.~
+
+
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                   ~ARGUS.~                             |                       ~BENZ.~                      |                                                    |
+    Argus-Motoren G.m.b.H., Flottenstrasse 39 and 40,   |                 Benz & Cie, Mannheim.              |                 ~DELFOSSE (radial.)~               |               ~DELFOSSE (rotary.)~
+       Reinickendorf bei Berlin. Established 1900.      |                                                    |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+    70 h.p., 4 cyl., 124×130 (1400 r.p.m.)   254 lbs.   | 100 h.p., 4 cyl., 130×180 (1250 r.p.m.)   337 lbs. | 24-30 h.p., 3 cyl., 110×130 (1500 r.p.m.) 100 lbs. |  30 h.p., 3 cyl. (1500 r.p.m.)            121 lbs.
+   100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×140 (1250 r.p.m.)   290 lbs.   | Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                     | 30-40 h.p., 3 cyl., 120×140 (1400 r.p.m.) 120 lbs. |  50 h.p., 5 cyl., 110×130 (1400 r.p.m.)   176 lbs.
+   150 h.p., 6 cyl., 140×140 (1250 r.p.m.)   353 lbs.   | 2 H.T. magneto (Bosch).                            | 35-45 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×130 (1500 r.p.m.)          |  70 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×138 (1200 r.p.m.)
+                                                        | Mechanical inlets.                                 | 50-70 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×140 (1500 r.p.m.)          |
+   Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                       | Forced lubrication.                                | 50-60 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×130 (1500 r.p.m.)          |  Rotary air-cooled.
+                                                        | _Features._--                                      |80-100 h.p., 6 cyl., 120×140 (1500 r.p.m.)          |  H.T. magneto (Bosch).
+   H.T. magneto (Bosch).                                |                                                    |                                                    |  Overhead valves.
+   Mechanical inlets.                                   | Cast-iron cylinder, steel jackets.                 | Radial air-cooled.                                 |  Automatic inlets.
+   _Features._--                                        | Single cylinders.                                  | H.T. magneto (or 6 volt accumulator).              |  Steel cylinders.
+                                                        | All valves overhead (single cam shaft).            | Automatic inlets.                                  |  Crank shaft on ball bearings.
+   Cast-iron cylinders.                                 | Crank shaft hollow oil 5 metal bearings.           | Forced lubrication.                                |
+   Cylinders in pairs.                                  |                                                    |                                                    |  [Illustration: DELFOSSE]
+   Valves one side (single cam shaft).                  | [Illustration]                                     | _Features._--                                      |
+   Crank shaft on ball bearings, closed and hollow.     |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        | This engine won the Kaiser's prize of 50,000 marks.| Special metal cylinders.                           |
+   [Illustration: 100 h.p.]                             |                                                    | Very large valve chambers.                         |
+                                                        |                                                    | Chrome nickel crankshaft and big ends.             |
+                                                        |                                                    | Water-cooling fitted if required at a 10% increase |
+                                                        |                                                    | of weight.                                         |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    | [Illustration: DELFOSSE RADIAL.]                   |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                       ~DIXI.~                          |                      ~HILZ.~                       |                 ~MERCEDES-DAIMLER.~                |
+    Dixi Luftfahrt-u-Bootsmotoren-Verkaufsgesellschaft  |  Hilz Motorenfabrik G.m.b.H., Fürstenwallstr. 189, | Daimler Motoren G.m.b.H., Stuttgart-Unterturkheim. |
+   m.b.H., Bulowstr. 11, Berlin W. 25. Established 1911.|                     Düsseldorf.                    |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+    50 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×140 (1400 r.p.m.)     198 lbs. | 25-30 h.p., 3 cyl., 105×130 (1400 r.p.m.)        ? |  70 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×140 (1400 r.p.m.)   276 lbs. |
+    75 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×170 (1300 r.p.m.)     308 lbs. |    50 h.p., 5 cyl., 105×130 (1400 r.p.m.)        ? |  70 h.p. (as above, but _inverted_)       298 lbs. | [Illustration: 70 h.p. Mercedes-Daimler.]
+   100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×200 (1200 r.p.m.)     452 lbs. |                                                    |  90 h.p., 6 cyl., 105×140 (1350 r.p.m.)   309 lbs. |
+                                                        | Radial, air-cooled.                                |                                                    |
+   Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                       | H.T. magneto (Bosch).                              |  Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                    |
+                                                        | Automatic inlets.                                  |  H.T. magneto (Eismann in the 70, two Bosch in     |
+   H.T. magneto (Bosch).                                | Splash and forced lubrication.                     |  the 90).                                          |
+   Mechanical inlets.                                   | Steel cylinders.                                   |  Mechanical inlets.                                |
+   Forced lubrication.                                  | Crank shaft, hollow, on white metal bearings.      |  Forced lubrication.                               |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+   _Features._--                                        | [Illustration]                                     |  _Features_ of the 70's--                          |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+   Cast-iron cylinders, copper jackets.                 |                                                    |  Cast-iron cylinders (in pairs).                   |
+   Single cylinders.                                    |                                                    |  Overhead valves.                                  |
+   Overhead inlets (single cam shaft).                  |                                                    |  Single cam shaft.                                 |
+   Crank shaft, hollow, on 3 metal bearings.            |                                                    |  Crank shaft, hollow, on metal bearings.           |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+   [Illustration: 100 h.p.]                             |                                                    |  _Features_ of the 90.--                           |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    |  Steel cylinders, with steel jackets.              |
+                                                        |                                                    |  2 carburetters (Mercedes-Daimler), _otherwise     |
+                                                        |                                                    |  as the 70's_.                                     |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    |  [Illustration: 90 h.p.]                           |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                        ~N.A.G.~                        |                 ~OTTO ("A.G.O.")~                  |                    ~ROTOR.~                        |                        ~SYLPHE.~
+   Neue Automobile Ges. m.b.H., Berlin-Oberschoneweide. |   Gustav Otto, G.m.b.H., Karlstrasse 72, Munich.   |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+    60 h.p., 4 cyl., 118×100 (1400 r.p.m.)     254 lbs. |  50 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×150 (1400 r.p.m.)   199 lbs. |  70 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×150 (1100 r.p.m.)   199 lbs. | 40 h.p., 5 cyl., 110×130 (1200 r.p.m.)   ? lbs.
+    95 h.p., 4 cyl., 135×165 (1350 r.p.m.)     353 lbs. |  70 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×150 (1400 r.p.m.)   287 lbs. |  90 h.p., 9 cyl., 110×150 (1100 r.p.m.)   243 lbs. |
+                                                        | 100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×150 (1300 r.p.m.)   353 lbs. |                                                    | Rotary, air-cooled.
+    Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                      |                                                    |  Rotary, air-cooled.                               |
+                                                        |  Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                    |                                                    | H.T. magneto (Eismann).
+    H.T. magneto (Bosch), 2 in the 95 h.p.              |                                                    |  H.T. magneto.                                     | Automatic inlets.
+    Mechanical inlets.                                  |  H.T. magneto (Bosch).                             |  Automatic inlets.                                 | Forced lubrication (fresh oil).
+    Forced lubrication.                                 |  Mechanical inlets.                                |  Forced lubrication (fresh oil).                   |
+                                                        |  Forced lubrication.                               |                                                    | _Features._--
+    _Features._--                                       |                                                    |  _Features._--                                     |
+                                                        |  _Features._--                                     |                                                    | Chrome nickel steel cylinders.
+    Cast-iron cylinders, copper jackets.                |                                                    |  Steel cylinders.                                  | Single cylinders.
+    Cylinders in pairs.                                 |  Cast-iron cylinders.                              |  Single cylinders.                                 | Overhead valves.
+    Single cam shaft.                                   |  Single cylinders, all connected by long bolts     |  Overhead valves.                                  | Crank shaft, hollow, on metal bearings.
+    Overhead valves.                                    |  and nuts.                                         |  Crank shaft, hollow, on ball bearings.            |
+    Crank shaft, hollow, on 5 metal bearings.           |  Overhead valves in the 100 h.p. Side valves       |                                                    | [Illustration: 30-40 h.p.]
+                                                        |  in the 50 and 70.                                 |                                                    |
+    [Illustration: 95 h.p.]                             |  Single cam shaft.                                 |                                                    |
+                                                        |  Crank shaft hollow, on metal bearings.            |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |  [Illustration]                                    |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------
+              ~CAPRONI & FACCANONI.~                  |            (_Dirigibles only._) ~FIAT.~            |      (_Dirigibles only._) ~ISOTTA-FRASCHINI.~      |                        ~ITALA.~
+    Soc. di Aviazione Ing^{ri} Caproni & Faccanoni,   |     Fabbrica Italiano Automobile Torino, 30-35     |    Fabbrica Automobili Isotta-Fraschini, 79 Via    |   Itala Fabbrica Automobili, Barriera Orbassano,
+                  Vizzola Ticino.                     |            Corso Dante, Turin (Torino).            |                 Monte Rosa, Milan.                 |                    Turin (Torino).
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------
+     60 h.p.,  6 cyl., 105×130               176 lbs  |  60 h.p., 4 cyl., 150×200 (1200 r.p.m.)   220 lbs. | 100 h.p., 4 cyl., 130×180  (    r.p.m.)   662 lbs. | 50-55 h.p., 4 cyl., 115×140 (1500 r.p.m.) 397 lbs.
+    120 h.p., 12 cyl., 105×130                   lbs. | 200 h.p., 4 cyl., 170×250 (1200 r.p.m.)  1443 lbs. | 500 h.p., 8 cyl., 150×200  (    r.p.m.)  1543 lbs. |
+                                                      |                                                    |                                                    | Vertical, water-cooled (pump).
+    Radial, air-cooled.                               |  Vertical.                                         | Vertical.                                          |
+                                                      |                                                    |                                                    | H.T. magneto.
+    H.T. magneto.                                     |  H.T. magneto and accumulators.                    | H.T. magneto.                                      | Mechanical inlets.
+    Mechanical inlets.                                |  Mechanical inlets.                                | Mechanical inlets.                                 | Forced lubrication.
+    Forced lubrication.                               |  Forced lubrication.                               | Forced lubrication (pump).                         |
+                                                      |                                                    |                                                    | _Features._--
+                                                      |  _Features._--                                     | _Features._--                                      |
+                                                      |                                                    |                                                    | Cylinders in pairs.
+                                                      |  Enclosed valves.                                  | Overhead inlets.                                   | Overhead inlets.
+                                                      |  Single cast-iron cylinders.                       | Horizontal exhausts.                               | Automatic carburetter.
+                                                      |                                                    | Special radiation.                                 |
+                                                      +----------------------------------------------------+ Zenith carburetter.                                | [Illustration]
+                                                      |                    ~GNOME.~                        |                                                    |
+                                                      |    Fab. Italiana Mot. Gnome, 73 Strada Venaria,    |                                                    |
+                                                      |                  Turin (Torino).                   |                                                    |
+                                                      +----------------------------------------------------+                                                    |
+                                                      |  Works of the Italian built Gnome engines.         |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |                                                    |
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+                    ~L. U. C. T.~                     |                      ~S. P. A.~                    |
+   Ladetto-Ubertalli & Cavalchini, Via Cavalli.-Angolo|   Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili, Barriera   |
+          Via Circonvallazione Turin (Torino).        |                   Crocetta, Turin.                 |
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+     50 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×120                    lbs. | 40-50 h.p., 4 cyl., 95×150 (1200 r.p.m.)  199 lbs. |
+     80 h.p., 9 cyl., 110×120                    lbs. |                                                    |
+    100 h.p., 9 cyl., 122×150                    lbs. | Horizontal, water-cooled (pump).                   |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+    Rotary, air-cooled.                               | H.T. magneto and accumulators.                     |
+                                                      | Mechanical inlets.                                 |
+    H.T. magneto.                                     | Forced lubrication.                                |
+    Mechanical inlets.                                |                                                    |
+    Forced lubrication.                               | _Features._--                                      |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+                                                      | Two pistons per cylinder.                          |
+                                                      | Ball bearings throughout.                          |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+                                                      | [Illustration: _Dirigible engine._]                |
+                                                      | There is also a vertical 160 h.p. dirigible engine.|
+                                                      |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+                                                      |                                                    |
+  ----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+
+  +----------------------------------------------------
+  |                        <b>OERLIKON.</b>
+  |Société Oerlikon Suisse de Machines Outils, Oerlikon.
+  |
+  +----------------------------------------------------
+  | 55 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×200 (1200 r.p.m.)      176 lbs.
+  |
+  | Horizontal opposed, water-cooled (pump).
+  |
+  | H.T. magneto (2 circuits for 2 sets of plugs).
+  | Mechanical inlets.
+  | Forced lubrication.
+  |
+  | <i>Features.</i>--
+  |
+  | Steel cylinders (copper jackets).
+  | Single cylinders.
+  | Overhead valves.
+  | Single cam shaft.
+  | 2 carburetters (one for each pair of cylinders).
+  | Crank shaft, solid, on ball bearings.
+  | Open crank case.
+  |
+  | [Illustration]
+  |
+  +----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                  ~ADAMS-FARWELL.~                      |                      ~ALBATROSS.~                  |                        ~CALL.~                     |                       ~CURTISS.~
+           21, Athol Street, Dubuque, Iowa.             |              Albatross Co., Detroit, Mich.         |  Aerial Navigation Co. of America, Girard, Kansas. |      Curtis Aeroplane Co., Hammondsport, N.Y.
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+   36 h.p., 5 cyl., 102× 88 (1200 r.p.m.)       97 lbs. |  50 h.p., 6 cyl., 113×125 (1230 r.p.m.)   250 lbs. |   50 h.p., 2 cyl., 150×131                185 lbs. | 40 h.p., 4 cyl., (1100 r.p.m.)                lbs.
+   63 h.p., 5 cyl., 142×127 (1200 r.p.m.)      250 lbs. | 100 h.p., 6 cyl., 137×125                 275 lbs. |  100 h.p., 4 cyl.                         325 lbs. | 75 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×100 (1100 r.p.m.)    250 lbs.
+   72 h.p., 5 cyl., 152×152                    285 lbs. |                                                    |                                                    | also
+                                                        | Radial. The 50 is air-cooled, the 100 water-cooled.|                                                    | 60 h.p., 6 cyl., (1350 r.p.m.)                lbs.
+   Rotary horizontal.                                   |                                                    |  Horizontal opposed, water-cooled.                 |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    | 40 and 75, ~V~ shape, water-cooled (pump).
+   H.T. magneto.                                        |                                                    |                                                    | 60, vertical water-cooled (pump).
+   Special valves.                                      |                                                    |  Mechanical inlets.                                |
+                                                        |                                                    |  Magneto ignition (Bosch).                         | H.T. magneto (Bosch dual).
+   _Features._--                                        |                                                    |  Special silencer.                                 | Mechanical inlets.
+                                                        |                                                    |  Vanadium iron cylinders.                          | Splash and forced lubrication.
+   No flywheel.                                         |                                                    |  Forced lubrication.                               |
+   All valves in cylinder head, actuated by a           |                                                    |                                                    | _Features._--
+   single push and pull lever worked by a               |                                                    |                                                    |
+   single cam. Valves close outwardly and               |                                                    |  _Features._--                                     | Single cylinders, copper jackets.
+   are held shut by centrifugal force.                  |                                                    |                                                    | All valves in cylinder heads, actuated by rocking
+   Variable lift.                                       |                                                    |  [Illustration]                                    | levers from single cam shaft.
+   Exhaust ports.                                       |                                                    |                                                    |
+   Mechanical oil feed.                                 |                                                    |                                                    | [Illustration]
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+   Engine weights are "fully complete."                 |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+   [Illustration]                                       |                                                    |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                   ~DETROIT AEROPLANE CO.~              |                      ~ELBRIDGE.~                   |                     ~HALL-SCOTT.~                  |                 ~KEMP (GREY EAGLE).~
+           Detroit Aeroplane Co., Detroit, Mich.        |  Elbridge Engine Co., 10, Culver Road, Rochester,  |    Hall-Scott Motor Car Co., San Francisco, Cal.   |            Kemp Machine Works, Muncie, Ind.
+                                                        |                          N.Y.                      |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+   30-40 h.p., 2 cyl., 127×127 (1200 r.p.m.) 110 lbs.   |  40 h.p., 4 cyl., 123×114                 198 lbs. |  30 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×100                 142 lbs. |                      1912 _models_:
+                                                        |  60 h.p., 6 cyl., 123×114                 257 lbs. |  40 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×125                 150 lbs. |
+   2 cycle horizontal, air-cooled.                      |                                                    |  60 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×100                 235 lbs. |  35 h.p., D 4 cyl., 100×113                   lbs.
+                                                        |  Vertical, water-cooled. Valveless. Oil in gas.    |  80 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×125                 270 lbs. |  50 h.p., E 6 cyl., 100×113               260 lbs.
+   H.T. magneto.                                        |                                                    | 100 h.p.                                      lbs. |
+   Automatic inlets.                                    |  _Features._--Extra large bearings.                |                                                    |                  1913 _models_:
+   Splash lubrication.                                  |                                                    | First two are vertical, the others                 |
+                                                        |  [Illustration]                                    | V type, water-cooled (pump).                       |  16 h.p., G 2 cyl.                            lbs.
+   _Features._--                                        |                                                    | H.T. magneto (Bosch).                              |  35 h.p., I 4 cyl.                            lbs.
+                                                        |                                                    | Mechanical inlets.                                 |  55 h.p., H 6 cyl.                            lbs.
+   All valves in cylinder heads operated by a           |                                                    | Pump lubrication.                                  |  75 h.p., J 8 cyl.                            lbs.
+   single cam.                                          |                                                    |                                                    |
+   Valves easily detached.                              |                                                    | Cast-iron cylinders.                               |  Vertical, air-cooled.
+   Very large valves.                                   |                                                    | All valves overhead.                               |
+   Schebler carburetter                                 |                                                    | Copper jacketted.                                  |  H.T. magneto.
+                                                        |                                                    | Special Stromberg carburetter.                     |  Mechanical inlets.
+                                                        |                                                    | Special radiators.                                 |  Pump lubrication.
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+  [Illustration: Over-all length of the 30/40 is 19 in.]|                                                    | [Illustration]                                     |  _Features._--
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |  Overhead valves.
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |  Extra large exhausts in centre of cylinders.
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |  Special semi-steel (grey iron) cylinders.
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |  Designed to work at 350°-400° Faht.
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    |                                                    |  [Illustration]
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+                           ~KIRKHAM.~                   |                     ~MAXIMOTOR.~                   |                      ~ROBERTS.~                    |                     ~STURTEVANT.~
+                   C. Kirkham, Savona, N.Y.             |           Maximotor Makers, Detroit, Mich.         |          Roberts Motor Co., Sandusky, Ohio.        |   B. F. Sturtevant Co., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass.
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+    45 h.p., 4 cyl., 105×120 (1400 r.p.m.)     180 lbs. |     50 h.p., 4 cyl., 113×127 (    r.p.m.) 200 lbs. | 50 h.p., 4 cyl., 113×125                  165 lbs. | 40 h.p., 4 cyl., 113×113 (1300 r.p.m.)  200 lbs.
+    65 h.p., 6 cyl., 105×120 (1300 r.p.m.)     235 lbs. |  60-70 h.p., 4 cyl., 127×127 (    r.p.m.)     lbs. | 75 h.p., 6 cyl., 113×125 (1100 r.p.m.)    240 lbs. | 60 h.p., 6 cyl., 113×113 (     r.p.m.)  285 lbs.
+    75 h.p., 6 cyl.,    ×    (1300 r.p.m.)     255 lbs. |  70-80 h.p., 6 cyl., 157×127 (    r.p.m.)     lbs. |                                                    |
+   110 h.p., 8 cyl., 105×120 (1200 r.p.m.)     310 lbs. | 80-100 h.p., 6 cyl.,         (    r.p.m.)     lbs. | Vertical, 2 cycle, water-cooled (pump).            | H.T. magneto (Mea).
+                                                        |    100 h.p., 4 cyl., 150×150 (    r.p.m.)     lbs. |                                                    | Mechanical inlets.
+   Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                       |    150 h.p., 6 cyl., 150×150 (    r.p.m.)     lbs. | H.T. magneto.                                      | Pressure feed lubrication.
+                                                        |                                                    | Rotary inlets.                                     |
+   H.T. magneto (Bosch, 2 spark).                       |  Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                    | Forced lubrication.                                | _Features._--
+   Forced lubrication.                                  |                                                    |                                                    |
+                                                        |  H.T. magneto (Bosch or Mea).                      | _Features._--                                      | Semi-steel cylinders (jackets cast with them).
+   _Features._--                                        |  Mechanical inlets (automatic in the 50 and 70.)   |                                                    | Single cylinders.
+                                                        |  Forced lubrication.                               | 2 carburetters.                                    | Single cam shaft.
+   Cast iron cylinders and pistons.                     |                                                    | Special magneto advance.                           | No overhead valves.
+   Patent poppet-sleeve valves.                         |  _Features._--                                       | Babbit bearings.                                 | Exhaust valve lifters.
+                                                        |                                                    | Very large hollow crank shaft.                     | Nickel steel hollow crank shaft (5 bearings in
+   [Illustration]                                       |  Started from aviator's seat.                      | Special metal cylinders (aerolite).                | the 4 cyl., 7 in the 6 cyl.)
+                                                        |  Double plugs.                                     | Special by-pass.                                   |
+                                                        |  Half compression fitted.                          | Rotary inlets.                                     |
+                                                        |  Crank shaft, hollow, on 3 ball bearings.          |                                                    |
+                                                        |                                                    | [Illustration]                                     |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+                        ~WELLES & ADAMS.~               |                       ~WRIGHT.~                    |
+                   Wells & Adams, Bath, N.Y.            |              The Wright Co., Dayton, Ohio.         |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
+    50 h.p., 4 cyl.                            200 lbs. | 30 h.p., 4 cyl., 112×100 (1650 r.p.m.)    190 lbs. |
+                                                        | 50 h.p., 6 cyl., 112×100 (1150 r.p.m.)    230 lbs. |
+    Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                      |                                                    |
+                                                        | Vertical, water-cooled (pump).                     |
+    H.T. magneto.                                       |                                                    |
+    Mechanical inlets (overhead).                       | H.T. magneto.                                      |
+    Forced lubrication.                                 | Rotary valves.                                     |
+                                                        | Pump lubrication.                                  |                    ~Note.~
+    _Features._--                                       | Silencer fitted.                                   |
+                                                        |                                                    | There are a good many other U.S. engines of
+    Single cylinders (large brass jackets).             |                                                    | little or no account. The majority of these are
+    Double plugs.                                       |                                                    | merely more or less accurate copies of well-known
+    No valve cages.                                     |                                                    | European engines, and none of them have any
+    Chrome nickel crank shaft, on 5 bearings.           |                                                    | vogue.
+                                                        |                                                    |
+  ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+~Part D.~
+
+AERIAL "WHO'S WHO," DIRECTORY & INDICES.
+
+
+      ~Note.~--So far as possible the directory lists are exhaustive for
+          the entire world. Anyone accidentally omitted is requested to
+          communicate with the Manager, _All the World's Air-craft_, 5,
+          Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.
+
+
+SUB-HEADS OF THIS SECTION.
+
+"WHO'S WHO" IN AVIATION.
+
+~DIRECTORY:~
+
+  CARBURETTERS.
+  FABRICS.
+  GARMENTS FOR AVIATION.
+  HANGAR AND SHED BUILDERS.
+  INSURANCE.
+  LUBRICANTS.
+  MAGNETOS.
+  MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES.
+  PACKERS AND SHIPPERS.
+  PATENT AGENTS.
+  PETROL.
+  PROPELLERS.
+  RADIATORS.
+
+~INDICES:~
+
+  ALPHABETICAL AEROPLANES.
+        " DIRIGIBLE TYPES.
+
+
+"WHO'S WHO" IN AVIATION.
+
+ADER (Clement), Chateau de Ribonnet, Beaumont-sur-Leze (Haute-Garonne,
+    France). Born 1841. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Experimented from 1892. His
+    _Avion_ flew 300 metres at Satory, 12th October, 1897. This was the
+    first flight ever made by a power machine in Europe. One of his
+    early machines is in the _Arts et Metiers_ Museum, Paris.
+
+ALEXANDER (H. I. H. Grand Duke), Michailovitch of Russia, Xenia Palace,
+    St. Petersburg. Born 1866. Admiral of the Russian Navy. Prime mover
+    in anything having to do with aviation in Russia.
+
+ALEXANDER (Patrick Y.), 2 Whitehall Court, London, S.W. Donor of the
+    £1000 Patrick Alexander prize for British Aerial engines. Founder
+    and supporter of various aerial clubs and societies.
+
+ANDRE (Ing. A.), 82 Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris. Editor _Revue Francaise de
+    Construction Automobile et Aeronautique_. Writer on aviation.
+    Experimenter.
+
+ARBUTHNOT (C. B.) (Major General H. T.) Chairman of the Aerial League of
+    the British Empire.
+
+ARCHDEACON (Ernest), 77 Rue de Prony, Paris. Born 1863. Chev. Legion
+    d'honneur. Vice-President _Ligue Nat. Aerienne_. Barrister. From
+    1884 made balloon ascents. In 1904 made glider experiments with
+    Gabriel Voisin. Giver of the Archdeacon Cup, won by Santos Dumont,
+    29th October, 1906. Also part giver with Deutsch of the
+    Deutsch-Archdeacon prize, for a Kilometre flight, closed circuit,
+    won by Henry Farman, 13th January, 1908.
+
+ARNOUX (Réne), 45 Rue du Ranelagh, Paris. Born 1858. Vice-President
+    Tech. Com. A.C.F. Designer of the electric motor of the _Tissandier_
+    dirigible, 1882. Member Soc. Civil Eng. and Soc. Internat. Elec.
+    Contributor to _Omnia_, etc. Inventor of the _Arnoux_ biplane.
+
+ATTWOOD (Harry). Well-known American aviator. In August, 1911, covered
+    1,435 miles in eight days.
+
+AUFFM-ORDT. (Swiss). 2 Avenue Hoche, Paris. Pioneer Aviator.
+
+AVERY, American pioneer aviator, associated with Herring, Chanute, and
+    others.
+
+
+BACON (_late_ Rev.), British prominent aeronaut and lecturer.
+
+BACON (Miss), daughter of the above. Aeronaut and lecturer.
+
+BADEN-POWELL (Major, B.), F.R.A.S., F.R. Met. Soc., late Scots Guards.
+    32 Prince's Gate, London, S.W. Inventor of the Baden-Powell Box
+    Kite. President of the Aeronautical Society from 1902 to 1909. Early
+    experimenter and investigator with aeroplanes. Lecturer. Editor of
+    _Aeronautics_.
+
+BALDWIN (Capt. Thomas S.), 78 Maddison Square, New York. Well known U.S.
+    Aeronaut of many years standing. Invented the _Baldwin_ dirigible.
+
+BALSAN (Jacques), 52 Quai Debilly, Paris. Born 1868. Aeronaut from 1905.
+    Made an altitude record of 8,558 metres. In 1906 went by balloon,
+    Paris to England. Vice-President _Aero Club de France_.
+
+BANNERMAN (Major Sir Alexander, Bart.) In command of the British Army
+    Air Battalion, 1911.
+
+BARBER. British. Aeronautical Syndicate, 1909-12. _Valkyrie_ type, etc.,
+    etc.
+
+BARNWELL. British. Instructor 1912, Vicker's School.
+
+BARRA. Well known French aviator.
+
+BASENACH. German. Associated with Major Gross in producing the _M_ type
+    German dirigibles.
+
+BARTON (Dr.) Built the first British dirigible in 1904. Capacity,
+    235,000 c.f.
+
+BATHIAT (Georges). Frenchman. After only one hour's tuition at the
+    Hanriot School, secured his certificate at Rheims, October, 1910.
+    Brother of the Bathiat who flew a _Breguet_.
+
+BAUMANN (Otto), Berlin. Second German to fly.
+
+BAUMANN. French. Instructor at the Ewen School in 1912.
+
+BEACHEY (Lincoln). American subject. In August, 1911, reached 11,578
+    feet (3,527 m.)--world's record to that date. Flew Niagara, 27th
+    June, 1911, in a _Curtiss_.
+
+BEATTY (George W.) American aviator. At the Chicago meet, August, 1911,
+    he made the world's passenger flight duration trip in 3 hours, 42
+    minutes, 22 seconds. Also made American records for 2 man altitude
+    3080 feet and 3 man duration on a _Wright_.
+
+BECKE (Captain). British Army. In December, 1912, made a (to that date)
+    record flight--Flamborough to Plymouth, and later back again--4-1/2
+    hours out; 2 hours back, excluding landings en route.
+
+BEESE (Nellie). First German lady to get her pilot certificate, which
+    she did on a _Rumpler_.
+
+BELL (Dr. Alexander Graham Bell). Canadian. One of the founders of the
+    Aerial Exp. Assoc. in U.S.A. Began experiments 1894. Inventor of the
+    Tetratedal, etc.
+
+BENDALL. British. Instructor Bristol School at Brooklands, 1912.
+
+BERGET (Alphonse). French subject. Professor Inst. Oceanographique. Past
+    President Soc. Francoise de Nav. Ae. Author of _La Conquete de
+    L'Air_.
+
+BERNARD. French. Tester for _Farmans_ 1912-13.
+
+BERRIMAN (A. E.) British. 44, St. Martin's Lane, London, W.C. Technical
+    editor of _Flight_. Author of _Principles of Flight_, etc., etc.
+
+BERSON (Prof. Arthur), Haupstrasse 9, Lehlendorp, Germany. Born 1859.
+    Austrian. Well-known author on meteorological and similar subjects
+    affecting aviation.
+
+BESANCON (Georges), 35 Rue Francois I., Paris. Born 1866. Chev. Leg.
+    d'Hon. Editor of _L'Aerophile_. Secretary Ae. C.F. Experimented with
+    balloons from 1886 onward.
+
+BESSONNEAU (J. B. Lieut. de reserve), 29 rue de Louvre, Paris. French.
+    Born 1880. Pioneer aviation helper. Produced special steel cables of
+    high resistance; also the well known Bessonneau _hangars
+    demontables_. Organised the first town-to-town flights, 1910; also
+    first Grand Prix, 1912.
+
+BEZOLD (Professor Wilhelm Von), Director of the Meteorological
+    Institute, Berlin, etc. Author of several works on aeronautics, etc.
+
+BISS (Gerald), British, 1, Melina Place, Grove End Road, London, N.W.
+    Automobile correspondent of the _Standard_. Aviation expert.
+
+BLANCHARD. Frenchman. 1753-1809. First man to cross the English Channel
+    in a balloon (1781).
+
+BLAND (Lillian E., Miss), Carnmoney, Belfast, Ireland. First woman
+    aviator to design and build her own machine, _The Mayfly_. Has since
+    ceased.
+
+BLERIOT (Louis), 56 Boulevard Maillot, Paris. Chev. Legion d'Honneur.
+    Inventor of the _Bleriot_ monoplane. Pioneer. Experimented from
+    1906. Has had more falls than any other aviators. First man to fly
+    the Channel, which he did in _Bleriot XI._, 25th July, 1909. Member,
+    Com. d'Aviation of the Ae. C.F.
+
+BIELOVUCIC. Peruvian. Flew the Alps, 1912. Well known aviator.
+
+BISS (Gerald). 1, Melina Place, Grove End Road, London, N.W. Well-known
+    writer on automobile and aviation.
+
+BOCKLIN. Swiss. 1827-1901. In 1850 became interested in aviation. In
+    1881 built gliders and a model aeroplane. Triplane, 1881. Biplanes,
+    1882-1887. In 1888 a monoplane with electric motor.
+
+BOLOTOFF (Prince), Reigate Priory, Reigate, England. Russian subject.
+    Pioneer aviator.
+
+BOOM (J. A.) Editor of the _De Luchtvaart_, Ged. Aude gracht 144,
+    Haarlem.
+
+BORGNIS (Achille), 48 Rue d'Université, Paris. Early experimenter and
+    inventor. Vice-President of the Com. d'Aviation Aeronautiques Club
+    de France. Member Ae. C.F. (See aviators.)
+
+BOOTHBY (Lieut. F. L. M.) British Navy. Served on board the _Hermione_
+    when she was mother ship for aviation and aeronautics. Holds
+    certificates for both aeroplanes and dirigibles.
+
+BOSQUET (Chev. du), 8 Place de la Concorde, Paris. Chev. de l'Ordre de
+    Leopold. Sec. Commission auto-aérienne.
+
+BOUTTIEAUX (Col.) In command French military aviation, 1911-13.
+
+BRACKE (Albert), 11 Chemin de Saint-Denis, Casteau-Mons, Belgium.
+    Engineer. Editor _L'Aero Mecanique_. Inventor of the _Bracke_ and
+    _Misson_ monoplane. Author on aerial matters.
+
+BREGUET (Louis Charles), 31 Rue Morel, Donai (Nord), France. Born 1880.
+    Began experimenting June, 1906, and in July, 1908, his gyroplane
+    flew 20 yards at a height of 14 feet. President de la Section du
+    Nord de la Ligue Nat. Aérienne.
+
+BRERETON (J.). British. Instructor at British Deperdussin School, 1912.
+
+BREWER (W.). Author of a standard technical work, _The Art of Aviation_.
+    Formerly manager of Grahame-White & Co. Writer on aerial matters.
+
+BRINDLEY (Oscar). American citizen. In August, 1911, he made 11,726
+    feet, at Chicago. These figures were afterwards stated to be
+    incorrect, so the record was not allowed.
+
+BROOKINS, U.S.A. Up to August, 1910, held world's height record, 6,338
+    feet (1,922 m.), made in a _Wright_ at Atlantic City, U.S.A. Badly
+    injured in an accident, August, 1910.
+
+BUIST (A. Massac). Well-known British writer on aviation subjects.
+    Technical contributor to _Morning Post_, _Country Life_, etc., etc.
+
+BURGEAT (Captain). The first French Officer after Captain Ferber to take
+    up flying. He purchased _Antoinette VI_.--the first _Antoinette_
+    sold to the public.
+
+BUSTEED (Harry). Australian. _Bristol_ pilot in the British Military
+    Competition, 1912.
+
+BUTLER (Frank Hedges). F.R.G.S., 155 Regent Street, London, W. Founder
+    of the R. Ae. C. Crossed the Channel in a Balloon 1905. Member Ae.
+    C. F.
+
+BUTTENSTEDT (Carl). 95a, Friedrichshaven Str, Berlin. Born 1845. Author
+    of aviation works and early experimenter over many years. Designer
+    of aeroplanes, etc.
+
+
+CAILLETET (Louis Paul), 75 Boulevard S. Michel, Paris. Officer Leg.
+    d'Hon. Doctor. President Ae. C. F.
+
+CALDERARA (Lieut.). Italian Navy. Sent to France to study aviation in
+    1908. Has made many good flights ever since. In 1912-13 produced a
+    naval hydro-aeroplane of his own design.
+
+CAPAZZA (Louis). Frenchman. Born 1862. Head of the Clement-Bayard Works.
+
+CAPPER (Col.). Formerly in command of British Army aviation
+    headquarters, Farnborough, 1909-10.
+
+CASSINONE (Alexander), Nordpolstr. 2, Vienna. Leading Figure in Austrian
+    aeronautical circles.
+
+CASTAGNIERIS (Capt. Guido), 70 via della Muratte, Rome. Founder and
+    secretary leading Italian aero clubs, etc.
+
+CASTILLON DE SAINT-VICTOR (Comte G. de), 74 Avenue Marceau, Paris. Born
+    1870. Aeronaut since 1898. Did a trip, Paris to Sweden. Treasurer
+    Ae. C. F., 1911.
+
+CATERS (Baron de), Berchem-les-Anvers, Belgium. Born 1875. Motorist of
+    renown in the early days. Early aviator pioneer.
+
+CATTANEO. Italian. Well-known aviator since 1910.
+
+CARDEN (Capt.). Experimental officer, appointed 1911, to British Army
+    Air Battalion.
+
+CAUMONT (_late_ Lieut.). French aviator. Killed in a _Nieuport_
+    monoplane, December 30th, 1910.
+
+CAYLEY (George, Sir). Experimented about a hundred years ago with models
+    and man-carrying gliders. Also wrote on Aviation, and is known as
+    "the Father of Aviation."
+
+CHANDLER (Capt. C. de F.) Commanding Signal Aviation School, U.S.A.
+
+CHANUTE (Octave), U.S.A. Frequently alluded to as "the father of
+    aviation." In company with Herring he joined Langley in 1905. He did
+    much work with gliders. He propounded the theory that little was to
+    be learned from studying birds. Discovered that the greatest lift
+    was obtained from a plane flat in front and arched from the side.
+    Died November, 1910. Aged 78.
+
+CHATLEY (Professor H.), B.Sc, Imperial Eng. Col. Tientsin, China.
+    Britisher. Author of _The Force of the Wind_ (Griffin & Co.), and an
+    authority on aviation matters in general.
+
+CHAVEZ (Georges). Peruvian aviator, resident in France. Maker of many
+    records. First aviator to fly the Alps, 22nd September, 1910.
+    Fatally injured on that occasion.
+
+CHEREAU. Frenchman. London manager of the Bleriot Co. and Bleriot School
+    at Hendon.
+
+CHOENDEL (_late_). German aviator, who made an altitude record of 1680
+    metres with a passenger. Killed on alighting.
+
+CLEMENT (Gustave Adolphus), 33 Quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine),
+    France. Born 1855. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Creator of the
+    _Clement-Bayard_ dirigibles, etc.
+
+COCKBURN (Geo. B.), Gloucester, England. One of the first Englishmen to
+    take up aviation.
+
+CODY. American; naturalised British, 1909. Inventor of the Cody kite.
+    Employed by the British War Office for aviation work, 1905-1909.
+    Inventor of Cody biplanes. Won Michelin prize 1910 and 1911. One of
+    the best-known British aviators. In August 1912, made a biplane
+    speed record of 72.4 m.p.h. Constructor.
+
+COLLOMB. Frenchman. Early experimenter with flappers, etc.
+
+COLMORE (Cyril). British. Ae.C. Pilot 15. Flying partner with the late
+    Cecil Grace. Now given up flying.
+
+COLSMAN (Alfred), Friedrichshaven, Germany. Director of the Zeppelin
+    Co., etc.
+
+CONNEAU (Lieut.) French Navy. Winner of the _Daily Mail_ £10,000 prize,
+    1911, with a _Bleriot_. Winner of the Paris to Rome and the Circuit
+    of Europe races, 1911. Flies under the name of "Beaumont."
+
+CORNU (Paul), 24 Rue de la Gare, Lisieux, France. Pioneer experimenter
+    with helicopters. In 1908 one of his inventions rose 16 inches.
+
+CROCCO (Lieut.) Italian. Had a good deal to do with the designing of the
+    _Ricaldoni_ dirigible.
+
+CROOKSHANK (Major C. de W.), R.E. Prominent supporter of aviation.
+    Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.
+
+CURTISS (Glen. H.), Hammondsport, N.Y., U.S.A. Won the Gordon Bennett in
+    1909 on the _Curtiss_. Formerly a member of the Aerial Experiment
+    Association, out of which the _Curtiss_ was evolved. Is Ae. C.F.
+    Pilot 2. Head of the Curtiss Aeroplane Co.
+
+
+DAHLBECK (Lieut.). First Swedish naval aviator. Trained in England.
+
+DAVELNY. Commandant French Navy. Appointed 1911, to take command of
+    French naval aviation.
+
+DAUCOURT. Frenchman. First pilot to fly from Paris to Berlin, 16th
+    April, 1913. Average speed 100 k.p.h. Time 12 hours, 32 minutes,
+    including two stops.
+
+DE BAEDAR (F.), 7 Rue Rameau, Paris. Editor _Revue Sportive de
+    l'Aviation et de l'Automobile_.
+
+DE DION (Marqus), 104 Avenue des Champs Elysées, Paris. Born 1856.
+    Principal founder and Hon. President Ae. C. F.
+
+DE HAVILAND (G.) British aviator. Designer of a biplane and a motor
+    purchased by the War Office, in December, 1910. He was subsequently
+    engaged by the Government for work on Salisbury Plain. In August,
+    1912, made the British altitude record to date of 9,500 feet with a
+    passenger.
+
+DELAGRANGE (the _late_ Leon). Born 1872. French sculptor. Took up
+    aviation early in 1907. He purchased _Voisin No. I._, which made its
+    first trials 28th February, 1907. Subsequently engaged in
+    experiments with Archdeacon. In 1908 bought a _Voisin No. III._
+    Later on got a _Bleriot_. Killed 4th January, 1910, at Croix d'Hins,
+    Bordeaux, in a _Bleriot_. Was Ae. C. F. pilot 3.
+
+DEMANEST (Rene). French. 25, rue d'Orleans, Neuilly sur Seine. Began
+    flying an _Antoinette_ in 1909. Won the Ae. C. F. prize.
+
+DEPERDUSSIN. (See machines).
+
+DEPREZ (Marcel). Frenchman. Writer on Aerial subjects.
+
+DESBLEDS (L. Bein). Lecturer on Aeronautical Engineering, Polytechnic,
+    London.
+
+DEUTSCH (Henri de la Meurth), 4 Place des Etats-Unis, Paris. Officer
+    Leg. d'Hon. Founder member of the Ae. C.F. Donor of the prize of
+    100,000 francs won by Santos Dumont, 19th October, 1901. Owner of
+    the dirigible _Ville de Paris_. Vice-Pres. Legue Nat. Aérienne.
+    Donor in part of the Deutsch Archdeacon prize. Offered 1909 to found
+    a Technical Institute of Aviation, Paris University.
+
+DICKSON (Captain). Ex-British Army officer. The first British aviator to
+    distinguish himself at an International flying meet.
+
+DOUTRE. French lawyer, interested in aviation. Invented a stabilising
+    device in which Maurice Farman was interested.
+
+DREXEL (A.) Scotland. American citizen. Made world's record at Lanark,
+    12th August, 1910, in a _Bleriot_, 6,750 feet (2,057 m.), beating
+    previous record of Brookins.
+
+DRIVER. British aviator. Flew in first aerial post, 1911.
+
+DRZEWIECKI (Stefan), 62 Rue Boileau, Paris. Russian. Born 1844. Chev.
+    Leg. d'Hon. In 1885 investigated aviation in connection with bird
+    flight. Well known otherwise as an inventor of submarines, torpedo
+    tubes, etc.
+
+DU CROS (Harvey), M.P., 14 Regent Street, London, S.W. Born 1876. Takes
+    considerable interest in aviation. Member of the Parliamentary
+    Committee thereon.
+
+DUFAUX (Armand). Swiss. He and his brother Henry were interested in
+    aviation in 1903, and in 1904 built an helicopter. In 1909 the first
+    Swiss aeroplane built by them appeared.
+
+DUNNE (Lieut.), Eastchurch, Sheppey, Kent, England. Ex-British Army
+    officer. Engaged by British War Office to carry out heavier than air
+    experiments immediately after the aeroplane had been demonstrated a
+    possibility. (See _Dunne_ in part I.)
+
+DUPUY DE LOME. Frenchman. Made a hand-propelled dirigible in 1870-72.
+
+DÜRR (Ludwig). German. Born 1878. Chief engineer Zeppelin works.
+
+DUTRIEU (Mdlle. Hélène). Belgian. Second woman to take up aviation.
+
+
+EFIMOFF (Michael). Russian. Made his first appearance in France early in
+    1910. (Ae. C. F. pilot 31). Distinguished himself on _H. Farmans_
+    and _Sommers_. On his return to Russia he was made chief instructor
+    of the special school of the Volunteer Aerial Association.
+
+ELLEHAMMER (J. C. H.), Istedgade 119, Copenhagen. Commenced aviation
+    studies in 1905. On 12th Sept., 1906, he made a flight--the first in
+    Europe since Ader.
+
+ELLYSON (Lieut. T. G.) U.S. Navy. In company with Lieut. Towers made the
+    first flights ever made in a hydro-aeroplane.
+
+ELY (Eugene B.) American. Was the first to fly successfully off a
+    warship, which he did in a _Curtiss_ biplane on January 19th, 1911,
+    from the U.S. cruiser _Pennsylvania_. Killed 1911.
+
+ENGLEHARDT (Kapitan). Prominent figure in German aeronautical and
+    aviation circles. Writer on aerial subjects. Began flying in 1910,
+    in which year he won several prizes. Killed 1911.
+
+EQUIVELLY (Marquis d'), 2 Place Wagram, Paris. Pioneer aviator, with a
+    queer multiplane, 1907.
+
+ERBSLOCH (the _late_ Oscar). Well known aeronaut. Inventor of a German
+    dirigible, the _R. M. W. G._, afterwards named after him. He was
+    killed in it with four others, July, 1910.
+
+ESDAILE. British. Pioneered aviation displays in India, 1912.
+
+ESNAULT-PELTERIE (Robert), 149 Rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine),
+    France. Early experimenter with aeroplanes. Flew the first _R.E.P._,
+    October, 1907. Designer of the _R.E.P._ engine.
+
+ESPITALLIER (Georges), 25 Rue St. Petersburg, Paris. Associated with the
+    late Col. Renard in early dirigible experiments. Author of many
+    aeronautical works.
+
+ETRICH (Igo), Rotunde, Vienna II. Pioneer aviator with Wels. Designer of
+    the _Etrich_ monoplane--the first Austrian machine to fly.
+
+EVANS (William Evans), 1428, Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Mo.
+    Purchased a biplane built by Dr. William Greene, who has since given
+    up aeroplane building. Evans made a number of exhibitions in the
+    middle West, but had given up flying by summer of 1911.
+
+EWEN (W. H.) British. Head of the School for British _Caudron_.
+
+
+"F. A. I." Federation of the leading Aero Clubs of all countries, for
+    control of International Aviation Meets, Pilot certificates, etc.,
+    etc. The bulk of certificates were first obtained in France, but in
+    1910 they were made obtainable in any country from its own Ae. C.,
+    under identical rules. No aviator may compete in any International
+    event without a certificate. Aviation has now more or less outgrown
+    the F.A.I, on account of the virtual disappearance of private
+    aviation events before military interests; but it did excellent
+    service in its time and is still of considerable indirect value.
+
+FARMAN (Henri), 22 Avenue de la Grande Armée, Paris. Born in Paris,
+    1874, but is of English descent. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. First a racing
+    cyclist, then racing motorist. Took up aviation. Bought _Voison No.
+    II_ (known as "_Farman I._"). On January 13th, 1908, he won the
+    Deutsch-Archdeacon prize for covering a triangular course of one
+    kilometre. In 1909 designed and built his own machine. Won the
+    Michelin cup in 1909, making the record of 4 h. 17 min. 35 2.5s. in
+    the air. Ae. C. F. pilot 5. In 1910, did 8 h. 12 mins. in the air,
+    covering 288-3/4 m. (463 km.)
+
+FARMAN (Maurice), 3 Rue Villaret de Joyeuse, Paris. Brother of above.
+    Went in for aeronautics and motor racing. Bought _Voisin No. IV_ at
+    an early stage of aviation. He fitted this with alterations of his
+    own, and subsequently evolved the _M. Farman_ biplane. Ae. C. F.
+    pilot 6.
+
+FAURE (Jacques), 32 Rue Washington, Paris. Born 1873. Has long been
+    prominent in aeronautical circles. Has crossed the Channel five
+    times in gas bag balloons. Owns the _Faure_ dirigible. Member of
+    Committee Ae. C. F.
+
+FELIX (Capt.) In 1911 in charge of the Bleriot Military School at
+    Etampes.
+
+FERBER (the _late_ Capitane), flew as "De Rue." Born 1862 at Lyon.
+    Commenced experiments with gliders in 1899 on Lilieuthal lines. In
+    1903 he built a power-driven machine. He taught Gabriel Voisin how
+    to fly gliders. In 1908 was very active and flew several machines.
+    Killed in a _Voisin_, 22nd September, 1909.
+
+FERNANDEZ (the _late_). A Spanish tailor, resident in Paris, killed in
+    1909 in a machine of his own design.
+
+FISHER (E. U. B.) First flew on a _Hanriot_, early in 1911. August,
+    1911, engaged as pilot by Messrs. Vickers.
+
+FOKKER (Antony), Haarlem, Holland. Born in Java, 1890. Designed a
+    monoplane in 1911 with special stabilising device. He flew this at
+    Johannisthal. Subsequently started a company.
+
+FOURNY. French. On September 11th, 1912, broke all previous distance and
+    duration records by flying, non-stop, 13 hours, 22 minutes in _M.
+    Farman_. Renault motor. Distance 1,017 km. (631 miles) at Etampes,
+    France.
+
+FRISBIE (J. J.) American aviator. Killed in a _Curtiss_ at Norton, Kan.,
+    having been driven to fly in unsuitable weather by the jeers of a
+    hostile crowd.
+
+FÜRSTENBERG (Prince). Austrian. President of the Centre Aeronautical
+    Committee, formed in June, 1912.
+
+
+GALANSCHIKOFF (Mdlle.) Russian. On November 22nd at Johannisthal, made
+    world's altitude record for lady fliers with 2,400 meteres.
+
+GARROS. French aviator. Came in second in Paris to Rome and the Circuit
+    of Europe races, 1911. Up to November, 1911, held world's height
+    record (13,000 feet). Made in a _Bleriot_.
+
+GASNIER (René), 1 Rue Scribe, Paris. Winner of many prizes in balloon
+    events. French champion for the 1907 Gordon-Bennett. On Committee of
+    Ae. C. F. Hon. President Ae. C. d'l'Ouest. Inventor of an aeroplane,
+    1908.
+
+GAST (Madame C. Crespin du), 12 Rue Levoux, Paris. Well-known in
+    aeronautical circles.
+
+GASTAMBIDE (Robert), 27 Boulevard de Courcelles, Paris. Born 1882. Civil
+    engineer. Took great interest in aviation at the start. Designed the
+    _Gastambide-Mengin_ from which _Antoinettes_ were evolved. This was
+    the first monoplane to carry a passenger (September, 1908.)
+
+GELEYNS (C.) Editor of the _Avia_, Wynbrugstreet 13, Rotterdam.
+
+GERRARD (Lieut.), R.M.L.I. British. August 17th, 1911, made world's
+    passenger record to date, 4 hours, 13 minutes, on _Short_ No. 34.
+
+GIFFARD (H.) Britisher, resident in France. In 1850 built the first
+    practical dirigible. It had a steam motor. In 1852 it made a
+    controlled speed of about 5 m.p.h.
+
+GILBERT. French. On March 28th, 1913, flew from Lyons to Villacoublay in
+    3 hours, 10 minutes, a world's record to date from town to town
+    non-stop.
+
+GILL (Howard). U.S.A. aviator. In October, 1911, flew for 4 hours 16
+    minutes 35 seconds in a _Wright_. American record to that date.
+
+GILMOUR (Graham). British. Pilot Ae. C.F., April, 1910. In 1911, flying
+    a _Bristol_: with which many of his flights have been directly or
+    indirectly of a highly sensational nature. These have included a
+    flight alleged to be over London (reported to R. Ae. C.--case
+    dismissed), flying low over Henley Regatta (certificate suspended,
+    with subsequent litigation). Won second prize in the
+    Brooklands-Brighton Race, May, 1911. Killed February, 1912.
+
+GIBERT. French aviator who made records, 1911.
+
+GLAZEBROOK (Dr. R. T.), C.B., F.R.S. Director of the British National
+    Physical Laboratory.
+
+GLIDDEN (Charles J.) The well-known American motorist. Founder of many
+    of the U.S.A. Ae. clubs.
+
+GODARD (Louis), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris. Builder of the _America_
+    Wellman Arctic Airship; inventor of the Godard Kite-Balloon;
+    designer and builder of the _La Belgique_, etc., etc.
+
+GORDON-BENNETT (James), 104 Avenue des Champs Elysees, Paris. American
+    citizen. Owner of the _New York Herald_. Giver of the Gordon-Bennet
+    aviation Prize. Previous to this he had instituted a similar event
+    for motor cars, and few, if any, have done so much to advance the
+    International sporting side of automobilism.
+
+GOUPY (Ambrose), 59 Avenue Marceau, Paris. An early pioneer in aviation
+    experiments--had the first triplane built for him by _Voisins_. Now
+    a well known constructor.
+
+GRACE (_late_ Cecil). Naturalised British subject, ex-Chilian. Lost at
+    sea while competing for the Baron de Forest prize, December, 1910.
+
+GRADE (H.), Magdeburg, Germany. First man to fly in Germany. He did this
+    on a Grade triplane early in 1909. Now a well known German
+    constructor.
+
+GRAHAME-WHITE (Claude), 1 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London. Pilot 30
+    Ae. C. F. on a _H. Farman_. Attempted to win the _Daily Mail_
+    £10,000 London-Manchester prize, 1910. Gordon Bennett, 1911. Now
+    constructor.
+
+GREENE (Dr. W.), Treasurer, Aeronautic Society, U.S.A. Has done a great
+    deal to advance aviation in the U.S.A. Designer of the _Greene_
+    biplane--a machine which in no way infringed the Wright patents.
+
+GRESWELL. British aviator. Flew in first aerial post, 1911.
+
+GREY (Chas. G.), 166 Piccadilly, London, W. Editor of the _Aeroplane_.
+    Well-known writer on aerial matters, formerly as "Aero-Amateur,"
+    later under his own name. By 1912, had come to occupy a unique
+    position of his own by an uncompromising statement of facts without
+    regard to other circumstances.
+
+GROSS (Major). In command of the German war dirigibles. Designer of the
+    _M_ type. (_Gross_).
+
+GRUBB (Capt. A. H. W.) D.S.O., R.E. Prominent supporter of aviation.
+    Member of R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.
+
+GUILLEMEAU (R.), 82 Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris. Editor _Revue Francaise, de
+    Const. Autble et Aeronautique._
+
+
+HAENLEIN (Paul). German, 1835-1905. Early experimenter with dirigibles.
+    Inventor of the "semi-rigid" system.
+
+HAMEL (Gustav). British. Well-known aviator. Winner of
+    Brooklands-Brighton Race, May, 1911. Flew the first British aerial
+    mail, 1911. In April, 1913, on behalf of the London _Standard_, made
+    a non-stop flight with a passenger London to Cologne in a _Bleriot_.
+    Many other famous flights.
+
+HAMMOND (J. J.) Australian. Pilot 258, Ae. C. F., on a _Sanchis Besa_,
+    4th October, 1910. In 1911, visited Australia with a _Bristol_, when
+    he made many sensational flights.
+
+HARGRAVE (Lawrence), Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. A pioneer in aviation,
+    1890-95. Experimenter with and inventor of box kites.
+
+HARKNESS (Harry). American aviator. Has made various records.
+
+HARMON, (Clifford B.) One of the best-known U.S.A. amateur aviators.
+    Made U.S.A. time record (2h. 3m.), 2nd July, 1910.
+
+HARRISON (Eric). Australian subject. Instructor of the Bristol school at
+    Lark Hill, Salisbury Plain, 1912.
+
+HARRISON (Lieut. L. C. R.) British R. F. C. Killed 28th April, 1913, in
+    the famous _Cody_ which won the British Military Aeroplane
+    competition.
+
+HAULT (Adhemar de la), 214 Rue Royale, Brussels. Editor of _La Conqûete
+    de l'air_. Well-known aviation pioneer. Interested in Ornithopters.
+
+HAWKER (H. G.) Australian subject. On October 24th made British duration
+    record to date--8 hours 23 mins. in _Sopwith_ biplane. Awarded the
+    Michelin Cup, 1912.
+
+HEKKING (R.) Frenchman. In September, 1909, carried out experiments with
+    a biplane glider of 7 m. span and 25 m². surface. He rose to a
+    height of 25 m., and is stated to have remained stationary for 5
+    minutes. Not confirmed, however.
+
+HELEN. French aviator. Has appeared in various competitions since early
+    in 1911.
+
+HENDERSON (Brig. Gen.) British Army. First general to obtain British R.
+    Ae. C. aviator certificate. Flying under the name of "Davidson" he
+    obtained his certificate on a _Bristol_, at Brooklands, after seven
+    days' training.
+
+HENRY, Prince of Prussia. Well known for practical interest in motoring
+    and aviation. Has driven his own car in races, and is a certificated
+    aerial pilot for Germany.
+
+HENSON. Died 1842. Projected a steam-driven monoplane early in the XIX
+    century.
+
+HERRING (A. M.), Freeport, Long Island, U.S.A. Started the study of
+    aviation 1894. With Langley, 1895. With Chanute, 1896. Joined Ae.
+    Exp. Assoc. and associated with Curtiss in the _Herring-Curtiss_.
+    Subsequently (1910) with Burgess in the _Herring-Burgess_.
+
+HERVE (Henri), 1 Rue Hautefeuille, Paris. Well-known authority on
+    matters aeronautical. Author, etc.
+
+HEWLETT (Mrs. Maurice) ("Madame Franck"). First lady aviator to obtain a
+    British R. Ae. C. certificate.
+
+HILDEBRAND (Kapitan Alfred), 10 Martin-Lutherstrasse, Berlin W. 30.
+    Retired from German Army. A very well-known aeronaut. Owner of a
+    Baldwin dirigible. Author of many works on aeronautics and
+    aviation--the best known German writer on these subjects.
+
+HINTERSTOISSER (Hauptmann Franz), Luisenstrasse 35, Vienna V. Commanding
+    Austro-Hungarian Aeronautical service. 1911-12.
+
+HIRTH (Helmuth). German. Made German passenger altitude record to date,
+    at Johannistal, September-October, 1911. Height 2475 metres. Many
+    other records. The best known of all German aviators.
+
+HOFFMAN (Joseph). German. Built a steam-driven aeroplane in 1906.
+
+HOLDEN (Col. H. C. L.) R.A.F.R.S. Prominent supporter of aviation.
+    Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.
+
+HOWARD-FLANDERS. See British Aeroplanes, Part A.
+
+HOWARD-WRIGHT. British. Early designer (_see_ Part B). In January, 1913,
+    became manager of S. White & Co., of Cowes.
+
+HOUDINI (Harry). British. The famous "Handcuff King" flew a _Voisin_ so
+    long ago as November 2nd, 1909. He took it to Australia and won the
+    first aeroplane flight prize there. He is the first to have taken
+    out a "third party" insurance, which he did with the
+    Albingia-Versicherungs-Aktien-gesellschaft, Hamburg, Germany, on
+    November 29th, 1909. The policy was for 150,000 marks.
+
+HUBERT. French aviator. Flew in the first British aerial post and was
+    badly injured.
+
+HUCKS (B. B.) British aviator. Has made several fine exhibition flights
+    on a _Blackburn_. First man to make the double journey across the
+    Bristol Channel, also to carry out wireless telephone experiments
+    with aeroplane.
+
+HUNTINGDON (Prof. A. K.), 14 Buckingham St., Charing Cross, London, W.C.
+    Born 1856. Balloon expert, 1906-1908. Connected with the _Dunne_
+    machines. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.
+
+HURLBERT (Dr. Dane), Vermont, Lucerne, Switzerland. U.S.A. citizen.
+    Experimenter in original types of aeroplanes, 1909-11
+
+
+ILLNER. First man to fly in Austria, which he did on an _Etrich_.
+
+ISSATIER. French private soldier who obtained three weeks' leave and
+    secured his flying certificate at Betheny after fourteen days, in a
+    _Deperdussin_.
+
+ISENDAHL (Walther). German. Holsteinstrasse 21, Berlin-Wilmersdorf.
+    Leading authority on aerial and boat motors.
+
+
+JANE (Fred T.), The Hill, Bedhampton, Hants, England. Naval author,
+    founder and editor of _All the World's Air-craft_.
+
+JANNUS (Antony). American. Well-known aviator.
+
+JATHO (Karl), Stader Chausse 22, Hanover, Germany. Born 1873. Pioneer
+    aviator from 1893. Has built various machines--none very
+    satisfactory.
+
+JEANNIN (Emil), Berlin. Prominent German aviator.
+
+JEFFERIES (Dr. John). 1760-1820 _about_. American. Accompanied Blanchard
+    in the first balloon voyage across the English Channel, 1784.
+
+JENKINS (F. Conway). In May, 1911, obtained his certificate (74) after
+    only four flights on a _Roe_ biplane.
+
+JOHNSTONE (St. Croix). American aviator. 27th July, 1911, beat American
+    duration records in a flight of 4 hours, 1 minute, 54 seconds.
+    Distance 176 miles. Killed 1911.
+
+JONES (Ernest L.), 250 West 54 Street, New York. Editor of _Aeronautics_
+    (U.S.A.)
+
+JOSEF FERDINAND (Grand Duke of Austria). Enthusiastic aeronaut and
+    moving spirit in aviatory matters in Austria.
+
+JOYNSON-HICKS. British M.P. who has specialised in endeavouring to
+    advance aviation.
+
+JULLIOT (Henri), 3 Rue de Flandre, Paris. Born 1855. Chev. Leg. d'Hon.
+    Technical director of the _Lebaudy_ works. Originator of the
+    _Lebaudy_ type of dirigibles. Designer of _Lebaudy_ aeroplane.
+    Member of Committee Ae. C. F.
+
+
+KAPFERER (Henry), 26 Rue de Clichy, Paris. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Director of
+    the _Astra_ Cie, and the Cie Gen. Transaerienne. Part designer of
+    the Clement-Bayard dirigibles. Took an early interest in the
+    aeroplane movement, and had a biplane built to his own design by
+    Voisins in 1907. Also had an early monoplane about the same date or
+    a little later. On Committee Ae. C. F.
+
+KASSNER (Carl), Wilhelmstr. 10, Berlin. Professor, German writer on
+    technical aviation matters.
+
+KENNEDY (Rankin), British authority on aviation subjects.
+
+KENNEDY. St. Petersburg. British subject. Engineer who has studied
+    aviation for many years. In 1911, was an honorary aerial adviser to
+    the Russian Government on matters aerial.
+
+KINDELAN (Captain), Guadalajara, Spain. Born 1879. Interested in
+    balloons since 1906. Designer of the Spanish military airship
+    _Torres Quevedos_.
+
+KNIGHT. British. Instructor 1912, Vickers School.
+
+KOENIG. German aviator. Won the 1st prize given by the Berliner _Zeitung
+    am Mittag_. 1,182-1/2 kilos.
+
+KRAUSS. Well-known German aviation engineer. Author of many articles.
+
+KRESS (Wilhelm), Waaggasse 13, Vienna. Born 1836. Flew a model
+    ornithopter in 1888. Author.
+
+KRIEGER (Hans). German. Formerly chauffeur to the Kaiser. Built a
+    monoplane of his own design, and on September 5th, 1911, obtained
+    his certificate on it.
+
+
+LAFFONT (_late_ A.) Killed in an _Antoinette_, December 28th, 1910.
+
+LAHM (Frank), Washington D.C., U.S.A. Well-known aeronaut.
+
+LAMBERT (Albert B.) President of Ae. C. of St. Louis, U.S.A. Flies a
+    _Wright_.
+
+LAMBERT (Count Charles), 74 Rue Charles-Lafitte, Neuilly-sur-seine,
+    Paris. Russian subject. Born 1865. Interested in aviation 1893
+    onward. First pupil of Wilbur Wright.
+
+LAMMLIN. German. Killed at Strasburg, May 23rd, 1911.
+
+LANA (Francisco), (1631-1687), (Italian). Jesuit who projected flying
+    machines.
+
+LANCHESTER. Author of well-known aerial classic.
+
+LANE (Howard), 50, Parliament Street, Westminster, London, S.W. British
+    citizen. Mechanical and Chemical Engineer. Born 1852 at Warwick.
+    Government Contractor; Birmingham City Councillor, 1895-1900.
+    Honours, South Kensington, 1873. Inventions, the Seamless Steel Gas
+    Cylinder, 1882; Multiple Stage Gas Compressor, 1884; Roller method
+    of Skin Balloon Construction, 1887; Regenerative Hydrogen Producing
+    Plant, 1903; Turbine Aero-Motor, 1909, etc., etc.
+
+LANGLEY (Samuel Pierpont). Born 1834. Died 1906. American pioneer from
+    1887. Commenced work in 1893 with Dr. Graham Bell, and later,
+    Herring and Chanute. In May, 1896, he flew a large steam-driven
+    model tandem monoplane--the _Langley_ type. Author of _Experiments
+    in Aero Dynamics_ and other aerial classics.
+
+LANZ (Karl), Lachnerstrasse 18, Mannheim, Germany. Wealthy patron of
+    aviation in Germany. Giver of the £2000 Lanz prize won by Grade.
+    Financed the _Schütte_ dirigible.
+
+LAROCHE (Madame la Baronne Raymonde de). The first lady aviator. Pilot
+    Ae. C. F. 36. Purchased a _Voisin_ in the summer of 1909 and entered
+    for International events. Badly injured in an accident at Reims,
+    July, 1910. In 1913, took up flying again.
+
+LATHAM (Hubert), 7 Rue Rembrandt, Paris. Of English descent one side.
+    Pilot 9 Ae. C. F. Director of the _Antoinette Cie_. Attempted to fly
+    the Channel, 1909. (1) in _Antoinette IV_. (2) in _Antoinette VII_.
+    (3) in August, 1910. Maker of many records. Killed by a buffalo,
+    1912.
+
+LA VAULX (Comte Henri de), 2 Rue Gaston de St. Paul, Paris. Born 1870.
+    Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Vice-President Ae. C. F., and one of its
+    promoters. Founder and Vice-Pres. of the F.A.I. Took up aeronautics
+    in 1900, since when he had made over 250 ascents. Record holder for
+    "gas bags." Owner of a _Zodiac_ dirigible in 1909-10.
+
+LEBAUDY (Robert), 12 Rue de Lubeck, Paris. Sugar refiner. Member Ae. C.
+    F. Founder of the _Lebaudy Dirigible Cie_.
+
+LE BLANC (Alfred), 17 Rue Lakanal, Paris. Born 1869. Aeronaut in 1904.
+    Winner of the _Circuit d' l'Est._, Aug., 1910.
+
+LE BLON (_late_). Frenchman. Born 1875. Killed in a _Bleriot_ at S.
+    Sebastien, 2nd April, 1910.
+
+LEFÈBVRE (Eugene). French aviator. Killed on a _Wright_, 7th September,
+    1909, at Juvissy.
+
+LEGAGNEUX. In December, 1910, made a flight of nearly 6 hours, at Pau,
+    (322 mile--53 m.p.h.) average, in a _Bleriot_.
+
+LESSEPS (Comte Jacques de), 11 Avenue Montaigne, Paris. Well-known
+    aviator in the early days.
+
+LEVAVASSEUR. Known in France as "Pére Levavasseur." Chief engineer of
+    the Antoinette Works and _deus ex machina_ of the type. He severed
+    his connection early in 1910, but rejoined in June, 1910, and
+    remained as long as the company existed.
+
+LEVE (Pierre), 17 Rue Cassette, Paris. Editor of _La Revue Aérienne_,
+    official organ of _La Ligue Nat. Aérienne_.
+
+LILIEUTHAL (Gustav), 5 Marthastrasse, Gross-Lichterfelde, Germany.
+    Brother of the late Otto Lilieuthal, whose work he has carried on.
+    Author.
+
+LILIEUTHAL (Otto, the _late_). German subject. Began his interest in
+    aviation when 15 years old. In 1889 published his _Bird Flight as a
+    Basis of the Flying Art_, the result of 25 years observation of
+    sea-gulls and storks. In 1891 he made glider flights. In 1895 he
+    produced a biplane glider. On 12th Aug., 1896, he was killed while
+    experimenting. Lilieuthal was the fountain head of modern aviation.
+
+LINKE (Dr. Franz), Kettenhofweg 181, Frankfurt, Germany, Scientist. Born
+    1878. Author of _Moderne Luftschiffahrt_ and other works.
+
+LIORE (F.), 4 bis Rue de Corneille, Levallois-Perret, France. Early
+    pioneer with the _Witzig-Liore-Duthileuil_. Since then evolved a
+    monoplane.
+
+LÔME (Dupuy de). See DUPUY DE LÔME.
+
+LORIDAN. In July, 1910, in a _H. Farman_ racer broke the existing
+    altitude record by making 3,280 m. (10,758ft). Did 702 km., July,
+    1911.
+
+
+MALONE (Lieut. Cecil J. L'Estrange). R.N. Navy Wing of British R. F. C.
+    Assistant to director of Flying at Admiralty, end of 1912.
+
+MAHIEU. In September, 1911, made the world's passenger record of 2460
+    metres (7981 feet) in a _Voisin_, at Issy. Duration of flight 3-1/2
+    hours.
+
+MANNING (H.) British. Aeroplane designer.
+
+MAREY (Professor). Inventor of the Whirling table, 1870.
+
+MARIE (Capitaine). French Army. On staff of Inspector General of
+    Aeronautics.
+
+MARIE (Pierre). Alsatian. Real name was Bournique. He made his name on a
+    _R.E.P.'s_. In May, 1911, he was trying a 100 h.p. _Deperdussin_
+    when the machine capsized and fell. He was taken to hospital and
+    died a few hours later. His passenger, Lieut. Depuis, was burned to
+    death.
+
+MARS ("Bud"). Well-known American aviator. Has more than once been
+    reported killed; but always appears again.
+
+MARTIN (Glen L.) Santa Ana, California, U.S.A. Flying _Curtiss_ types.
+    Obtained a considerable reputation, and local amateur record at Los
+    Angeles meet, end of 1910.
+
+MASSAC BUIST. (See BUIST).
+
+MATSIEVITCH (Kapitan). Russian Army. Was Instructor of the Military
+    Aviation School at Sevastopol. Killed at Sevastopol, 1911.
+
+MAXIM (Sir Hiram), Baldwyn's Park, Kent. Inventor of the Maxim gun, etc.
+    American by birth, naturalised British subject. Began experiments
+    with propellers, etc., in 1889. In 1890 to 1893 he experimented with
+    a full-sized aeroplane, steam propelled. Abandoned the experiments
+    after spending £20,000 on them. Resumed work 1909, without success.
+    Author of _Artificial and Natural Flight_.
+
+McCLEAN. British aviator. Towards the end of 1910, he loaned two _Short_
+    biplanes to Eastchurch flying ground for the training of naval
+    officer in aviation, and himself acted as instructor. These were the
+    first machines used by the British naval officers, consequently Mr.
+    McClean may be regarded as the founder of the British Naval
+    Aeroplane Division. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee.
+
+MENGIN (L.), 2 Rue Debrousse, Paris. Born 1881. Early experimenter. Flew
+    in 1908 in the _Gastambide-Mengin_, from which the _Antoinette_ was
+    evolved. Director of the late _Antoinette Cie_.
+
+MERRIMAN. British. Expert Bristol flyer at Brooklands, etc., 1912.
+    Instructor.
+
+MESSNER (Haupt. E.), Claridenstr. 36, Zurich. In command Swiss military
+    aviation section, 1911-12.
+
+MICHELIN (A. J.), 105 Boulevard Periére, Paris. Born 1853. Chev. Leg.
+    d'Hon. Director of the well-known tyre manufacturers. Donor of the
+    Michelin prize for aviation. Founder member Ae. C. F.
+
+MOEDEBECK (Hermann W. L.) Born 1857. Died 1910. German author on aerial
+    matters.
+
+MOEDEBECK (Lieut. Col.). German subject. Author of _Fliegen de Menschen_
+    (Salle), a very useful work on aviation. Also of a _Pocket Book of
+    Aeronautics_, etc.
+
+MOINEAU. Frenchman. In August, 1911, with two passengers made a record
+    on a _Breguet_, of reaching 900 metres in twenty minutes at Douai.
+
+MOISANT (Miss Matilda). Sister of the late J. M. Moisant. Second
+    American lady to obtain certificate. Used a _Moisant_.
+
+MOISANT (John). Architect. American citizen, resident in Paris. Invented
+    two monoplanes. In Aug., 1910, flew the Channel with a passenger in
+    a _Bleriot_. This was the first cross-Channel passenger trip. Killed
+    1911.
+
+MONTAGU (Lord), of Beaulieu. Editor of _The Car Illustrated_. Prominent
+    in arousing British interest in aviation.
+
+MONTGOLFIER (Joseph Michael and Jacques Etienne). Frenchmen, who about
+    the year 1780 invented hot air balloons. In 1783, one such, of 35
+    feet diameter, rose to a height of about 1,500 feet.
+
+MONTGOMERY (John Professor), U.S.A. citizen. Began experiments with
+    gliders in 1884, which he continued till his death by accident with
+    one, on 31st October, 1911, at Evergreen, Santa Clare, California.
+
+MOORE BRABAZON (J. T. C.), 29 Chesham St., London, S.W. Born 1884.
+    Originally sporting motorist; winner Circuit des Ardennes, 1907.
+    Took up aviation at an early stage. Bought an early _Voisin_ which
+    he named _Bird of Passage_. This machine was later sold to A.
+    George, who had a smash in it, and sold it later to Grace. Moore
+    Brabazon was the first Britisher to fly. Pilot I, R. Ae C.
+
+MOORHOUSE (W. B. R.), Portholme Aerodrome, Huntingdon. British. Has done
+    a good deal of cross country flying, 1911. Part inventor of the
+    _Radley-Moorhouse_ (R. M.) monoplane, 1911.
+
+MORANE (Leon). Frenchman. Well-known _Bleriot_ pilot. Subsequently built
+    the _Morane_ monoplane. Very badly injured in an accident, Autumn,
+    1910.
+
+MOREAU. French amateur. Inventor of a special stabilised aeroplane.
+
+MORIS (Colonel). Commanding Italian air battalion, 1911-13.
+
+
+NEMETHY (Emil), Arad, Hungary. Born 1867. Built his first effort, a
+    helicopter, in 1899. Has experimented ever since, but without much
+    success. Inventor of the _Aviette_.
+
+NEUMANN. Germany. Author of various very reliable works on dirigibles.
+
+NICKEL (Hugo Ludwig), Kahlenbergerstrasse 97, Vienna. Born 1867. Aerial
+    author and journalist.
+
+NIMFÜHR (Dr. Raimund), Lerchengasse 15, Vienna. Born 1874.
+    Experimentalist 1900 onward. Author.
+
+NORTHCLIFFE (Alfred Charles Harmsworth) Lord. British subject. Founder
+    and proprietor of the "Daily Mail." Donor of many important aviation
+    prizes, including the £10,000 London-to-Manchester prize.
+
+
+OERTZ (Max), Holzdamm 40, Hamburg, Germany. Interested in gliders.
+    Connected with German North Pole Dirigible Expedition. Designer of
+    various aeroplanes.
+
+OGILVIE (A.) Represented Great Britain in both the 1910 and 1911 Gordon
+    Bennetts. Took fourth place in 1911. Average speed, 51 miles per
+    hour. Flew a _Wright_. In December, 1910, flew for nearly 4 hours on
+    a _Wright_ over the Camber sands; distance being 139-3/4 miles.
+    Associated with the Wright Brothers experiments at Kitty Hawk,
+    October, 1911.
+
+O'GORMAN (Mervyn). Well-known authority on aviation matters, and
+    Superintendent of the Royal Aircraft Factory.
+
+OSMONT. Frenchman. Formerly racing cyclist. Did some fine flights at
+    Chalons in 1910. In February, 1911, appointed chief aviation
+    instructor to the Spanish Army.
+
+OTTO (Fried), Hohenstaufeurstrasse 35, Berlin. W. 30. Aerial journalist,
+    etc.
+
+OVINGTON (Earle). U.S.A. aviator. Carried first U.S.A. aerial post, Sept
+    1911. Winner of many prizes in America.
+
+OXLEY. Instructor to the Blackburn School, at Filey, 1911.
+
+
+PAINE (Capt. G. M.) M.V.O., R.N. Commandant of the British Central
+    Flying School at Upavon, Salisbury Plain. Appointed early in 1912.
+
+PARKE (Lieut. Wilfred, R. N.) Started flying in 1910, and made a large
+    number of meritorious performances. Killed in a monoplane at
+    Wembley, December 15th, 1912.
+
+PARSEVAL (Major Von), _late_ German Army. Inventor of the _Parseval_
+    type dirigibles and the _Parseval_ monoplane. Leading figure in all
+    aerial matters in Germany. (See Part A.)
+
+PATERSON (Compton). British aviator. Liverpool Motor House, Ltd.,
+    Liverpool. Designed a successful machine in 1909. Also flies
+    _Farmans_. Designed new machine 1911.
+
+PATIALA (Maharajah of). In December, 1910, purchased a _Bleriot_ and a
+    _Voisin_. Member of the R. Ae. C.
+
+PAGNY. French. Designer of _Hanriots_, 1913.
+
+PAULHAN (Louis). Frenchman. Born 1883. Served afloat as a boy. Later
+    served with the _late_ Col. Renard; also with the _late_ Captain
+    Ferber. In 1907 was with Surcouf. In his spare time he made models.
+    In 1909 he won a _Voisin_ biplane, given as prize for the best model
+    in France, and rapidly came to the front. In 1910 he won the _Daily
+    Mail_ £10,000 prize for the London to Manchester flight. Numerous
+    other prizes have been won by him. Took up construction in 1911
+    without much success till in 1912 he took over French, etc., agency
+    for _Curtiss_ hydros.
+
+PEQUET (H.) Frenchman. Certificated June, 1910. Flew a _Humber-Sommer_
+    in India, where he conveyed the first officially recognised aerial
+    post at Allahabad.
+
+PERRIN (H.) British. Secretary of the R. Aero Club.
+
+PERRY (Ida), Metropol Theater, Berlin. German actress, who has gone in
+    for aviation.
+
+PFITZNER (_late_ Lieut. Alexander L.) Hungarian. Born 1875. Served in
+    the Austro-Hungarian Artillery. Leaving the Army he went to the
+    U.S.A. and became connected with the Herring-Curtiss work, designing
+    the novel Pfitzner monoplane. He met many mishaps with this, which
+    depressed him. He returned to Hungary early in 1910, but meeting no
+    success there came back to America. Drowned in Marblehead Harbour,
+    12th July, 1910.
+
+PHILLIPS (Horatio F.), Wealdstone, Harrow. Pioneer experimenter.
+    Discoverer of the "dipping front edge," patented by him 1884 and
+    1891. ("Philips' entry.") Leading authority on aviation subjects.
+
+PICKLES (Sydney). Australian. Chief pilot at the Ewen school at Hendon,
+    1912.
+
+PICHAN (Court). Early French experimenter. Flew a flapper model 1889.
+
+PICOLLO (_late_ Jules). Brazilian aviator. Killed December 28th, 1910.
+
+PIERRE (Petit). Frenchman. The _late_ secretary of Bleriot School at
+    Hendon. Assassinated at Hendon, August, 1911, by a Swiss pupil named
+    Hanot, who went insane at not learning to fly so quickly as he had
+    expected.
+
+PILCHER (_late_ Percy S.) Born 1866. British naval engineer. Commenced
+    glider experiments, 1895, on Lilieuthal lines. Designed a power
+    machine in 1899, but was killed in glider experiments before it was
+    completed.
+
+PIXTON (H.) British R. Ae. C. pilot 50. Qualified at Brooklands,
+    January, 1911, on a triplane. Has since done some very fine flights
+    on an _Avro_, taking various prizes.
+
+PISCHOFF (Alfred de), 12 Rue Amiral de Joinville, Paris. In conjunction
+    with Koechlin was a pioneer of French aviation. In December, 1907,
+    he flew a kilometre on a biplane. His earliest machine was
+    practically a large box kite with a motor fitted. In 1910 produced a
+    monoplane of his own design. He is an Austrian resident in France.
+
+POPPER (Josef). Austrian. Concerned with aviation, etc., ever since
+    1872.
+
+POLLOCK (C. F.) Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of the R. Ae. C.
+    Committee, 1910-11.
+
+PONNIER. Frenchman. Director of the Hanriot Company.
+
+PRANDTL (Dr. Ludwig). Prinz Albertstrasse 20, Göttinger, Germany. Born
+    1875. Leading Figure in German aerial circles. Connected with the
+    _Parseval_ design.
+
+PREVOST (M.) French. Created world's record on December 2nd, 1911, by
+    reaching a height of 9,800 feet at Rheims.
+
+PRIER (Pierre). Made London-Paris in 3 hours, 56 minutes, 12th April,
+    1911. Designer to the _Bristol_ Co., 1911.
+
+
+QUEROZ (the _late_). Brazilian. Killed at S. Paulo, June, 1911, in a
+    monoplane of his own design.
+
+QUIMBY (Miss Harriet). Mineola, U.S.A. First American lady to qualify
+    for aviator certificate, 1st August, 1911. Used a _Moisant_. Killed
+    1912.
+
+QUOIKA (Haupt. Emanuel), Margarethenstrasse 16, Vienna. Aeronaut from
+    1904. Now aviator and writer on subject.
+
+
+RADLEY (James). Well-known British aviator, flying a _Bleriot_. Patented
+    a special wing. Represented Great Britain in the 1910 Gordon
+    Bennett. At Lanark, 1910, broke the world's then speed record, and
+    did 75 miles per hour. Pilot R. Ae. C. 12, June 14th, 1910. August,
+    1911, flew the Channel in 22 minutes; Calais to Folkestone.
+    Subsequently embarked on construction.
+
+RAYNHAM (F. R.) British subject. Flew 7 hours, 30 mins. competing for
+    the Michelin Cup. Used an _Avro_ fitted with a 60 horse Green.
+
+REISSNER (Dr. Ing. Hans), Lutticherstrasse 166, Aachen. Born 1874.
+    Professor on matters aerial.
+
+RELTICH. French. Cyclist who succeeded in getting an avietter to fly one
+    metre, October, 1912. Won the Dubos prize.
+
+RENARD (_late_ Colonel). In association with Krebs built a dirigible in
+    1884, with electric motor. Killed.
+
+RENARD (Commandant Paul), 41 Rue Madame, Paris. Born 1854. Officer Leg.
+    d'Hon. Brother of late Col. Renard, with whom he worked.
+    Vice-President, _Ligue Nat. Aerienne_. Professor _Ecole Sup.
+    d'Aeronautique_. Has written a good deal on aerial subjects.
+
+RENAUX. Did 12 hours 12 minutes on a _M. Farman_, 7th August, 1911. (690
+    k.m.) Won the Quentin Bauchart Prize, 1911.
+
+RENAUX. French aviator. Winner of the Grand Prix Michelin, March, 1911,
+    Paris, to top of the Puy de Dome. Machine, _Maurice Farman_.
+
+RICHET. French patron of early aviation experiments, 1896. Tatin built a
+    large model machine for him in those days, which after a 150 yard
+    flight fell into the sea and was lost.
+
+RIDGE (Theodore). Assistant Superintendent of the Army Aircraft Factory.
+    Killed on August 21st, 1911.
+
+ROBINSON (Hugh). Well-known U.S.A. aviator.
+
+ROBL (_late_ Thaddeus). German aviator. Killed on a _Farman_, 1910,
+    through attempting to fly in unpropitious weather in order to allay
+    the complaints of sightseers. Has been designated the "first martyr
+    of aviation"--not without some cause.
+
+RODGERS (C. P.) U.S.A. aviator. _Wright._ In September-October, 1911, he
+    flew across America, distance 4,321 miles. He started to win the
+    Hirst prize of £10,000, but having taken longer than 30 days was
+    disqualified.
+
+ROE (A. V.) Clifton St., Miles Platting, Manchester. Was the first man
+    to fly in England, and also the first to fly an all-British machine.
+    Is a persistent experimenter on original lines. Has flown with as
+    little as 9 h.p. in one of his triplanes. Now builds mono. and
+    biplanes (_Avro_).
+
+ROEHRIG (B. F.) U.S.A. aviator. Obtained wide reputation with _Curtiss_
+    types on Pacific Coast.
+
+ROGER, 8 Rue Grange-Batelière, Paris. Founder and editor of _Revue de
+    l'Aviation_.
+
+ROGUES (General). French Army. Inspector General Military Aeronautics,
+    1911.
+
+ROLLS (_late_ Hon. C.) Well-known British sportsman, motorist, and
+    aviator. First Englishman to order an aeroplane--a _Wright_. Flew
+    the Channel both ways early in 1910 (first record). Killed at
+    Bournemouth, July, 1910, in a _Wright_.
+
+RUCK (Major-General), C.B., R.E. Chairman of the Aeronautical Society of
+    Great Britain.
+
+RUSSIJAN. Austrian aviator. Killed January 9th, 1911.
+
+
+SALMET (Henri). French. Born 1878. Made British height record, 8,070
+    feet, November, 1911. Made record London-Paris flight, March, 1912.
+    Time: 3 hours, 14 minutes.
+
+SAMPSON (Lieut.) British Navy. On August 17th, 1911, made British flight
+    duration record to date, 4 hours 58-1/2 minutes, at Eastchurch on a
+    _Short_ 38. Now Acting-Commander. Employed by Naval Wing, R.F.C.
+
+SAMUELSON (Arnold), Hamburg Waterworks, Germany. Born 1837. Writer on
+    aerial matters.
+
+SANTOS-DUMONT (Alberto), 150 Avenue des Champs-Elysees, Paris.
+    Brazilian, of French descent. Born 1873. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Took up
+    ballooning at an early age. He was the first to use a petrol motor
+    in a balloon. In 1900 the fifth dirigible constructed by him crossed
+    the Seine. On Oct. 19th, 1901, in No. 6, he circled the Eiffel Tower
+    and won the 100,000 franc Deutsch prize. In 1906 he became
+    interested in heavier than air machines, and began on a helicopter.
+    Abandoning this he built a box kite type of aeroplane, and on
+    October 23rd, 1906, won the Archdeacon prize for a heavier than air
+    flight of not less than 25 metres. Thereafter, comparatively little
+    was heard of him, except that he was experimenting with the
+    _Demoiselle_, till in 1909 he made a record on this type--the
+    designs of which he presented to the world. Has not been prominent
+    since.
+
+SCHABSKY (Athanasius Ivanovitch). Russian. Builder of the _Outchebny_
+    type dirigible.
+
+SCHIERE, J. Aeronautical engineer. Stephonsonstraat 41, The Hague,
+    Holland. Librarian Dutch Ae. C.
+
+SCHÜTTE (Prof. Johann), Jäschkenthal 47b, Danzig-Langfukr, Danzig,
+    Germany. Born 1873. Designer of the _Schütte_ dirigible.
+
+SCHWANN (Commander Oliver). British Navy. Navy Air Dept., 1912-13. In
+    1911, conducted a number of hydro-aeroplane experiments.
+
+SCRAGG (Geo. H.), American citizen, 19-21, Great Queen Street, Kingsway,
+    London, W.C. European correspondent of American _Aeronautics_.
+
+SELLERS (M.B.) (See U.S. aeroplanes)
+
+SELLS (Chas. de Grave), La Colombara, Cornigliano-Ligure, Italy.
+    British. A leading authority on all matters having to do with
+    engineering. Also a writer on these subjects. Authority on matters
+    having to do with aviation in Italy.
+
+SHAFFER (Cleve T.) American citizen. West Coast correspondent to
+    _Aeronautics_ (U.S.A.) Writer on aerial subjects generally.
+
+SIMON (Rene). August 18th, 1911, tied with Sopwith for the world's
+    Climbing speed at Chicago; 500 metres in 3' 35".
+
+SMITH (H. White). British. Secretary to the Bristol Co.
+
+SOMMER (Roger) Mouzon, Ardennes, France. Born 1877. Early interested in
+    aviation. In 1908 built a machine of his own design. This was a
+    failure. He then bought one of the first _Farman's_, on which he
+    rapidly achieved success. Towards the end of 1909 he produced the
+    _Sommer_ biplane.
+
+SOPWITH (T.) British. Won the Baron de Forest prize on a _Howard
+    Wright_, 1910. Also won many other prizes in England and America.
+    19th August, 1911, tied with Simon, world's climbing speed--500
+    metres in 3' 35"--at Chicago. Now a constructor.
+
+SPENCER (Stanley). Early British dirigible builder (1902). Died 1913.
+
+SPOONER (Stanley), 41 St. Martin's Lane, W.C. Editor of _Flight_.
+    Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of R. Ae. C. Committee.
+
+STEIN (Lieut.) German aviator. Killed at Doerlitz, February 6th, 1911.
+
+STRINGFELLOW. British. A very early experimenter. In 1868 he evolved a
+    triplane model.
+
+SUETER (Capt. R. N.) British. In command of British Navy dirigible
+    section, 1911. Admiralty Air Dept., 1912-13.
+
+SURCOUF (Edward Louis), 33 Boulevard Lannes, Paris. Born 1862. Chev.
+    Leg. d'Hon. Secretary Com. Sport Ae. C. F. Sec. Com. Aerienne Mixte.
+    Director of the _Astra_ Societé. Constructor of the majority of
+    French dirigibles.
+
+SWANN (Rev. Sydney), The Vicarage, Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland,
+    England. First clerical aviator. Ceased.
+
+SYKES (Major F. H.) Officer Commandant in Charge of Records, Royal
+    Flying Corps, Military Wing.
+
+
+TABUTEAU. French aviator. Winner of the Michelin Trophy.
+
+TADDEOLI. Swiss. First Swiss to obtain an aviator's certificate, which
+    he did on a _Dufaux_, October, 1910. Badly injured at Lausanne,
+    June, 1911, during exhibition flights. 1912, built a
+    hydro-aeroplane.
+
+TATIN (Victor), 14 Rue de la Folie-Reynault, Paris. Chev Leg. d'Hon.
+    Born 1843. Commenced heavier than air experiments so long ago as
+    1879, when he made an aeroplane driven by compressed air. Designed
+    the _Ville de Paris_. Had a good deal to do with the _Bleriot_ in
+    its early days. In 1909 designed the _Clement-Bayard_ monoplane.
+    Associated with Paulhan in 1911. Writes on all aerial subjects.
+
+TAYLOR (Vincent P.) Australian subject. Well-known aeronaut, using the
+    _nom de plume_ of Capt. Penfold. In 1912 went in for aeroplaning,
+    using a _Bristol_.
+
+TISSANDIER (Gaston). French Pioneer aeronaut. Made an
+    electrically-propelled dirigible in 1881. Born 1843. Died 1899.
+
+TISSANDIER (Paul), 17 Avenue Victor Hugo, Paris. Son of Gaston
+    Tissandier. Born 1881. Instructor of aviation. Taught many of the
+    best known aviators.
+
+TURNBULL (W. R.) American Engineer. In the year 1906 commenced to
+    experiment with hydro-aeroplanes; and may be regarded as the
+    originator of all experiments in this direction. The French
+    _Gabardine_ of much later date did not differ materially from his
+    early models, while the more recent _Fabre_ and the successful
+    _Curtiss Triad_ embodied similar ideas.
+
+TURNER (Charles E.) Authority on aviation matters, special aerial
+    correspondent of the _Observer_, etc.
+
+TURNER (Lewis W. F.) British. Chief pilot of the Ewen School, 1912.
+
+TWINING (S. Frisco). Cal. U.S.A. Experimenter with flappers, man
+    propelled, from 1910 onward.
+
+
+USBORNE (Lieut. Neville F.), R.N. First British naval officer detailed
+    for aerial work. Was appointed to _Clement-Bayard II_ in 1909, and
+    subsequently to the first Naval Dirigible. 1912, Naval Wing, R.F.C.
+
+
+VANNIMAN (Melvin). Built the gondola of the first _Wellman_ airship, and
+    intimately concerned with _Wellman II_. Also designed a triplane
+    1908. Designed _Akron_, 1911. Killed 1911.
+
+VEDRINES. French. Second in the _Daily Mail_ £10,000 prize, 1911, in a
+    _Morane_. Won Paris-Madrid, 1911. One of the best known aviators.
+    Began life as a mechanic.
+
+VIVALDI (_late_ Lieut.) Italian naval officer. Killed in a _M. Farman_,
+    August, 1910.
+
+VOISIN (Charles), 34 Quai du Point du Tour, Billancourt (Seine), France.
+    Born 1882. Director of _Voisin Freres_. Flew the _Delagrange I._ in
+    1906. Induced H. Farman to be interested in aviation.
+
+VOISIN (Gabriel). Brother of above. Born 1880. Chev. Leg. d'Hon.
+    Director of _Voisin Freres_. Commenced to study aviation in 1902
+    with Archdeacon. Experimented with gliders. Founded _Voisin Freres_
+    in 1903. Designer of the _Voisin_ biplane. Killed 1912 in a motor
+    accident.
+
+VUIA. French pioneer, who with a machine somewhat like a _Demoiselle_,
+    flew 6 yards in 1906 and 60 yards in 1907.
+
+
+WALDEN (Dr.). U.S. citizen. Badly hurt, 1910, in a machine of his own
+    design, but not killed as reported. (See U.S. aeroplanes.)
+
+WALSH (C.F.) American aviator. Winner of various trophies on a
+    _Curtiss_.
+
+WARCHOLOWSKY. Austrian aviator. On October 30th, 1911, made world's
+    record to date by flying 45 minutes with three passengers.
+
+WEILLER (Lazare), 36 Rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris. Officer Leg. d'Hon.
+    Head of the syndicate which in 1908 was responsible for Wilbur
+    Wright coming to France.
+
+WEISS (José). British subject. Pioneer experimenter in aviation. The
+    starting stage used by him for early glider experiments is still to
+    be seen near Arundel Castle, Sussex. Much of our knowledge as to the
+    distribution of weights is due to him.
+
+WELLMAN. An American who hoped to reach the North Pole by dirigible. His
+    first ship came to grief at Spitzbergen. In Oct., he attempted a
+    cross-Atlantic voyage, but failed. (See Vanniman).
+
+WEYMANN (C). American. Won the 1911 Gordon Bennett on a _Nieuport_.
+    Average speed, 78 miles per hour.
+
+WHEELER (R.F.) British Navy. As naval cadet at the age of 15 he obtained
+    his pilot certificate at the Bristol School.
+
+WHITE (Sir George, Bart. LL.D. J.P.) Founder and Chairman of the British
+    and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd. President of the Bristol and West
+    of England Ae. C.
+
+WIDMER. Austrian aviator. In October, 1911, made a flight over the
+    Adriatic, Venice to Triest.
+
+WILLOWS (E.T.) Cardiff, Wales. British Airship pilot 4. Inventor of the
+    _Willows_ airship. Patentee swivelling propellers. Started a
+    dirigible school, 1913.
+
+WISEMAN (Fred T.) American aviator. Flies his own type machine. Has made
+    sensational flights delivering newspapers at farmhouses, April,
+    1911, also letters.
+
+WRIGHT (Howard). See HOWARD WRIGHT.
+
+WRIGHTS (the) (Orville and Wilbur), 7 Hawthorn Street, Dayton, Ohio,
+    U.S.A. Chevs. Leg. d'Hon. In 1896 the Brothers Wright began to study
+    aerial flight. In 1900 they were making glides. In 1903 they first
+    fitted a motor, and on December 17th of that year made a power
+    flight of about 250 yards. Reports of this were received with
+    incredulity, and right up to July, 1908, when Wilbur Wright appeared
+    in France, many people still regarded the Wrights as a myth. Wilbur
+    Wright easily beat the French machines in circling, etc. He won the
+    Michelin Cup, being up 2 h. 20 m. 23-1/3 sec. Distance 76-1/2 miles
+    official record. Actual, estimated at 93 miles. The exploits of
+    Wilbur Wright put aviation on quite a new footing. Since 1908 the
+    _Wright_ type has been surpassed by others; but to the Wrights will
+    always belong the credit of having made a decided step in the
+    science. Wilbur died of typhoid, 1911.
+
+WYNMALEN (Henri). Dutch. Reached 9,121 feet in a _Farman_ in 1910, and
+    was then compelled to descend because after 8,000 feet blood oozed
+    from his finger nails and lips. Ae.C.F. pilot 208, 27th August,
+    1910. Has made many famous flights.
+
+
+ZENS (Ernest), 3 Rue la Boétie, Paris. Born 1878. Pioneer aviator. On
+    committee of Ae. C. F. First passenger in an aeroplane (carried by
+    Wilbur Wright, 6th September, 1908). Built a monoplane, 1912.
+
+ZEPPELIN (Count). The first Zeppelin dirigible was tried in 1900 on Lake
+    Constance. It made a small speed against a 12-16 m.p.h. wind. It
+    also circled. The experiments exhausted the Count's resources until
+    1905. Details of this and later _Zeppelins_ will be found on the
+    German dirigible pages in Part A.
+
+
+
+
+~CARBURETTERS.~
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN.~
+
+DENES FRIEDMANN, 11 Mitterbergasse, Vienna, XVIII.
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+DASSE (G.), 49 Rue David, Verviers
+
+FAGARD (J.) & Cie, 7 Rue Bouille, Liege, (_Sthénos_).
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+BROWN & BARLOW, Ltd., 16 Loveday Street, Birmingham
+
+BURGESS (W. H. M.), 40 Glasshouse Street, London, W. (_White & Poppe_).
+
+CARBURATION, Ltd., 85 Fleet Street, London, E.C.
+
+CLAUDEL-HOBSON, 29 Vauxhall Bridge Rd., London, S.W.
+
+DAVIS PARAFFIN CARBURETTER Co., London
+
+FENESTRE, CADISCHE & Co., 17 Harp Lane, London, E.C.
+
+MOSELEY MOTOR WORKS, Birmingham
+
+SCOTT, ROBINSON, 3 Great Winchester St., London, E.C.
+
+TRIER & MARTIN, Ltd., Trinity Works, New Church Road, Camberwell,
+London, S.E. (_T.M._)
+
+WAILES (George) & Co., 386-8, Euston Road, London, N.W. (_S.U._)
+
+~WHITE & POPPE, Ltd.~, Lockhurst Lane, Coventry
+
+WOODNUTT & Co., St. Helens, I.W.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+AMOUDRUZ, 24 Rue d' Armaillé, Paris. (Carburateurs "R.V." et "l'
+Econome").
+
+ASTER (Société de Construction Mécaniques (L')), 74, Rue de la Victoire,
+Paris
+
+AUFIERE (Ch.), 95 Rue de Flandre, Paris
+
+BARIQUAND & MARRE (Société), 127 de Oberkampf, Paris
+
+BELLAN ET FRANTZ, 137 Avenue de Villiers, Paris. ("Le Va-Partout.")
+
+BOURRIENNE, 18 Impasse Amelot, Paris
+
+BREUZIN (Ed.) FILS, 26-28 Rue Morand, Paris
+
+BRIEST, 119 Rue de Rennes, Nantes
+
+BROUSSET (F.), 5 Rue Leprince, Nogent-sur-Marne. ("Normal" & "Lion").
+
+CAILLETTE ET NARÇON, 29 Rue de la Plaine, Paris
+
+CHARRON, Ltd., 7 Rue Ampère, Puteaux
+
+CLAUDEL (Henri), 41 Rue des Arts, Levallois-Perret
+
+CLERC & QUANTIN, 21 Rue Tandou, Paris
+
+COTTIN & DESGOUTTES, Place de Bachut, Lyon
+
+EMMEL (A.), 278 Boulevard Raspail, Paris
+
+EVENS, NOLO & Cie, 150, Avenue St-Ouen, Paris
+
+FILTZ (J.), 13 Avenue du Roule, Neuilly-sur-Seine
+
+GAUTREAU Fréres, Dourdan
+
+GOUBERT, 15 Rue du Pont, Arles
+
+GRIANOLI (Étabs. L.), 26 Boulevard Magenta, Paris
+
+GROUVELLE (J.) H. ARGUEMBOURG & Cie, 71 Rue du Moulin-Vert, Paris. ("_G.
+A._")
+
+HARDING (H. J.), 7 _bis_, Rue du Débarcadere, Paris. (_J.A.P._)
+
+JANVIER (V.), 44 Rue d'Alésia, Paris. ("_Véji._")
+
+JANGEY (P.) et Cie, 26 _bis_, Rue Saint-Didier, Paris
+
+JOLY FRÉRES, 244 Rue Marcadet, Paris
+
+JULLIAN FRÉRES & HERAULT, Beziers
+
+LAURENT FRÉRES, Plandher-Les-Mines
+
+LONGUEMARE (F. & G.) FRERES, 12 Rue du Buisson-St-Louis, Paris
+
+MARTHA (L.), 24 Rue du Champ-Les-Mines, Paris
+
+MENEVEAU & Cie, 15 Rue des Trois-Bornes, Paris
+
+MERIOT (L.), 22 _bis_, Rue de' Taillandiers, Paris
+
+PANHARD-LEVASSOR (Etablissements), 19 Avenue d'Ivry, Paris
+
+PASCAUD, 144 Boulevard Magento, Paris
+
+PILAIN (Soc.), 17 Chemin de Monplasir à Grange-Rouge, Lyon
+
+POUDEROUX (L.), 9 Rue Waldeck-Rousseau, Paris
+
+PROGRESSA (Soc.), 3 Passage Moitrier, Levallois-Perret
+
+SCHMITZ (J.) & Cie, 17 Rue Saussier-Leroy, Paris
+
+STORR & Cie, 17 Rue Saussier-Leroy, Paris
+
+STROMBERG MOTOR DEVICES MANUFACTURING Co., 1253 Michigan Avenue,
+Chicago, U.S.A.
+
+TOLLET & Cie, 7 Rue de la Charité, Lyon
+
+VAURS, 38 Rue Brunel, Paris
+
+VAUTRIAN (L.), 35 Rue Brunel, Paris. ("_Claudet._")
+
+VITU (P.), Villa Aline, Rue des Soupirs, Epinal
+
+WAGNER, 7 Galeme de la Madeleine, Paris
+
+ZENITH (Soc. du Carburateur)--
+    55 Chemin Feuillat, Lyon-Monplasir
+    2 Rue Denis-Poission, Plancher-les-Mines
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+DULONG, 11 Lingstrasse, Berlin
+
+ESCHER (B.), Sachsische Werkzeug Maschinenfabrik, Chemnitz
+
+"IDEAL" METALLWARENFABRIK, Opladen (_Ideal A.G._)
+
+NEUE VERGASER GESELLSCHAFT, 63 Urbanstrasse, Berlin
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+WAGNER (Soc. d' Ind., Suisse d'Outillage), Bate
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+BECKLY RALSDON. 178 Lake Street, Chicago
+
+BREEZE CARBURETTER Co., 276 Halsey Street, Newark, N.Y.
+
+BUFFALO CARBURATOR Co., 887 Main Street, Buffalo, New York
+
+BYRNE, KINGSTONE & Co., Kokomo, Ind.
+
+GOLDBERG MOTOR CAR DEVICES MFG. Co., 1253 Michigan Avenue, Chicago
+
+HEITGER CARBURETTER Co., 205 West South Street, Indianopolis
+
+HOLLEY Bros. Co., 661 Beaubien Street, Detroit, Mich.
+
+KALAMAZOO CARBURETTER Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.
+
+MARVEL MANUFACTURING Co., 410 S. Meridion Street, Indianopolis
+
+MYERS (A. J.), 244 West 49th Street, New York. (_G. & A._)
+
+SPEED CHANGING PULLEY Co., 758 Washington St., Indianopolis. (_Speed_).
+
+STROMBERG MOTOR DEVICES MANUFACTURING Co., 1253 Michigan Avenue,
+Chicago, London, D.E. (_T.M._)
+
+WESTERN MOTOR Co., Logansport, Ind.
+
+WHEELER & SCHEBLER, Indianopolis
+
+
+
+
+~FABRICS FOR AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLES.~
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN.~
+
+METZELER & Cie, 6 Konigstrasse (Gummihof), Vienna VI.
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+DUPT (A. D.), 11 Avenue de Keyser, Antwerp
+
+ENGLEBERT FILS & Cie, 29 Rue des Vennes, Liege
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+ACCORDION BOAT Co., 32 Tufton St., Westminster, London, S.W.
+
+"AEROPLATTE." (See Rogers Bros.)
+
+AUTOMOBILE & AERIAL SUPPLY Co., Norwich Union Buildings, Piccadilly,
+London, W.
+
+AVON INDIA RUBBER Co., Ltd., Melksham, Wilts
+
+BENETFINK & Co., Ltd., Cheapside, London, E.C.
+
+BENEY (R.) & Co., 7 Carlisle St., Oxford St., London, W.
+
+CLARKE (T. W. K.) & Co., Kingston-on-Thames
+
+~CONTINENTAL TYRE & RUBBER Co., (GREAT BRITAIN) Ltd.~, 102 Clerkenwell
+Road, London, E.C.
+
+DUNLOP RUBBER Co., Ltd., Manor Mills, Aston, Birmingham
+
+FRANKENBURG & Sons, Ltd., Salford, Lancashire
+
+"HARTS," 21 Liverpool Street, E.C.
+
+HUTCHINSON AERO CLOTHS, 70 Basinghall Street, London, E.C.
+
+IOCO PROOFING Co., Ltd., 50, Fraser Street, Bridgeton, Glasgow
+
+IMPERIAL TYRE & RUBBER Co., Brook St., Holborn, London, W.C.
+
+~JONES (Bros., Ltd.)~, 12 York Street, Manchester.
+
+MCLEAN, MCLEAN & Co., 79-1/2 Gracechurch St., London, E.C.
+
+NEW MOTOR & GENERAL RUBBER Co., Ltd., 374 Euston Road, London, W.C.
+
+NORTH BRITISH RUBBER Co., Ltd.:--
+    1 Long Acre, London, W.C.
+    Castle Mills, Edinburgh
+
+PEGAMOID (NEW) Ltd., 144 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.
+
+ROE (A. V.) & Co., Brownsfield Mills, Manchester
+
+~ROGERS (Bros.),~ 1 Mitre Court, Milk Street, London, E.C. ("_Aviator_"
+_Ramie_), (_Aeroplatte_).
+
+SPENCER (C. G.) & Sons, 56a, Highbury Grove, London, N.
+
+
+~DANISH.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 28 Amaliegade, Copenhagen
+
+
+~DUTCH.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 1077 Prinsengracht,
+Amsterdam
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ALBERTI (L.) (_Harburg-Wien_), 12 Rue d'Enghien, Paris
+
+~BARBET-MASSIN~, Popelin & Cie., 5-7 Rue St. Fiacre, Paris
+
+~BESSONNEAU~, 21 Rue Louis Gain, Angers
+
+CAOUTCHOUC Manufacture (Soc. du.), 86 Rue Notre Dame-de-Nazareth, Paris
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTER PERCHA Co., 144 Avenue Malakoff, Paris
+
+DEVILLE (J.), 42 Rue des Jeuneurs, Paris
+
+FALCONNET-PERODEAND (Étabs.), 4 Place Carnot, Choisy-le-Roi (Seine).
+
+GODARD (Louis) (Etabls. Aeronautiques de Paris), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris
+
+HUTCHINGSON (Etablts.) 60, Rue Saint-Lazare, Paris
+
+METZELER & Cie, 1 Rue Villaret-de-Joyeuse, Paris
+
+MICHELIN & Cie, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy de Dôme
+
+OPPENHEIMER NEVEU, 28 Rue Bergere, Paris
+
+PETER (Louis), 107 Rue de Courcelles, Paris
+
+RUSSIAN-AMERICAN INDIA RUBBER Co., 47 Rue St. Ferdinand, Paris
+
+SULFIMATE (Service du), 200 Boulevard Victor Hugo, Clichy (Seine).
+
+TELEPHONES (Soc. Indle. Des), 25 Rue de Quatre Septembre, Paris
+
+TORRILHON (Soc. An. des Anciens Etab. J. B.), Chamaliéres Puy de Dôme
+
+~VALDENAIRE~ (~H.~) Adenet & Cie., 21 Rue des Jeuneurs, Paris
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+CLOUTH (Franz) (Rheinische Gummiwaarenfabrik, Cologne-Nippes)
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 100 Fahrenwalderstrasse,
+Hamburg
+
+MICHELIN & Cie, Frankenalle 4, Frankfort
+
+RIEDINGER (August), Augsburg, Bavaria
+
+SCHUCKERT & Co. (Elektrizitats A.G.), Nuremburg
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 36 Via Bersaglio, Milan
+
+MICHELIN & Cie:--
+    117 Via Livorno, gia via Schina, Turin
+    14 via Toro, Milan
+
+
+~RUSSIAN.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 11 Boiscbaja Dmitrovka
+
+RUSSIAN-AMERICAN INDIA RUBBER Co., Tregolnik, 138, Canal Abovdny, St.
+Petersburg
+
+
+~SPANISH.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 5 Calle Fernando el Santo,
+Madrid
+
+MICHELIN & Cie, 21-23 Calle Sagasta, Madrid
+
+
+~SWEDISH.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., Riddoregatan 15, Stockholm
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 9 Lowenstrasse, Zurich
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+BALDWIN (Captain Thos. S.), Box 78 Madison Square, New York
+
+CONOVER (C. E.) & Co. (_Naiad_), 101 Franklin Street, New York
+
+CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTER PERCHA Co, Muskegon, Mich.
+
+FRENCH AMERICAN BALLOON Co., 4460 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis
+
+GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER Co., Akron, Ohio
+
+MICHELIN & Cie, Milltown (N. T.).
+
+"NAIAD," 101 Franklin Street, New York
+
+STEVENS (Aeronaut Leo), Box 181, Madison Square, New York
+
+
+
+
+~GARMENTS FOR AVIATION.~
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN.~
+
+BAUR (R.), 4 Rudolfstrasse, Innsbruck
+
+GOLDMAN & SALATSCH, 20 Graben, Vienna I.
+
+MAKOVSKY & Co., 9 Baumannstrasse, Vienna
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+DEPART (Au), 8 Boulevard Anspach, Brussels
+
+GAUSSET (F.), 5 Rue du Jardin Botanique, Liege
+
+HOEBER & Cie, 48 Chemin de Hall, Forest-les-Brus
+
+REEKIE (A.), 17 Rue Royale, Brussels
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.
+
+BAKER & Co., Ltd., 137 Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C.
+
+~BURBERYS~ 30-33 Haymarket, London, S.W. Basingstoke
+
+DUNHILL (A.), Ltd., 359 Euston Road, London, N.W.
+
+GAMAGE (A. W.), Ltd., 126 Holborn, London, E.C.
+
+HARROD'S STORES, Ltd., Brompton Road, London, S.W.
+
+JOHNSTON (G.) & Co., 110 Cannon Street, London, E.C.
+
+NICOLL (H. J.) & Co., Ltd., 114 Regent Street, London, W.
+
+NORTH BRITISH RUBBER Co., Ltd., Castle Mills, Edinburgh
+
+PENTON (E.) & Son, 11 Mortimer Street, London, W.
+
+PIGGOTT (J.), Ltd., 117 Cheapside, London, E.C.
+
+~ROGERS~ (~Bros.~), 1 Mitre Court, Milk Street, London, E.C. (_Mascot_
+vests), (_Aeromac_)
+
+SAMUEL (Bros.), Ltd., 65 Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.
+
+SMEE (E.), 403 Oxford Street, London, E.C.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ABERDEEN, 1 Rue Auber, Paris
+
+ARNOUX, 63 Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris
+
+AUDOUARD, 3 Rue du Commandant, Rivière, Paris
+
+AUX MARINS, 7 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris
+
+BARBAN, 67 Rue Rambuteau, Paris
+
+BAZAR de L'Hotel de Ville, 54 Rue de Rivoli, Paris
+
+BELLE FERNIERE (La), Rue Saint-Pierre, Caon
+
+BELLE JARDINIERE (La), 2 Rue du Pont-Neuf, Paris
+
+BERNARD, 153 Rue du Faubourg, Saint-Honoré, Paris
+
+BINET (E.), 6 Boulevard Diderot, Paris
+
+BLUET, 154 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris
+
+BOILLAU (M.), 5 Rue d'Tory, Lyon
+
+BOINET (G.) & Cie, Saint-Quentin
+
+BON MARCHE (Le), Rue de Sèvres, Paris
+
+BONNET (G.), 4 Rue de la Bastille, Paris
+
+BONNIOL, 10 Rue Turbigo, Paris
+
+BOROWSKY, 32 Rue d'Argout, Paris
+
+BOURSIN, 61 Rue la Boéthe, Paris
+
+BRUNSCHWIG (Ch.), 39 Rue des Bourdounais, Paris
+
+BURBERYS, 10 Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris
+
+BUSSEY (Geo. C.) & Cie, 25 Rue Tronchet, Paris
+
+BUSVINE & Cie, 4 Rue Marbeuf, Paris
+
+CAOUTOUCHOUC MANUFACTURE (Société du), 86 Rue Notre Dame de-Nazareth,
+Paris
+
+CARNAVAL de VENISE (Au), 5 Boulevard de la Madeleine, Paris
+
+CHAMANSKI & BLOCH, 6 Place des Victoires, Paris
+
+CHOCQUENET (V.), 31 Rue des Jeûneurs, Paris
+
+CHOTIN (G.), 34 Rue des Archives, Paris
+
+CIRET (F.) & Cie, 140 Rue Rivoli, Paris
+
+COOK & Cie, 23 Rue Auber, Paris
+
+CRABETTE, 54 Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris
+
+DAMERVAL (A.), 9 Rue Réamur, Paris
+
+DAROLES-VINCENT, 22 Rue de Faubourg-du-Temple, Paris
+
+DAY, 162 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Martin, Paris
+
+DEITZ (E.), 56 Rue d'Aboukir, Paris
+
+DENIAU & Cie, 86 _bis_, Rue de Rome, Paris
+
+DEWACHTER, 53 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris
+
+DUGAS, Freres, 10 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris
+
+DUROT & LERY, 25 Rue des Trois-Cailloux, Amiens
+
+DUBESSY (J.), Villefranche
+
+DUBREUIL & PARMENTIER, 34 Rue Montorqueil, Paris
+
+EGGER & Cie, 2 Rue de la Vrillière, Paris
+
+ESDERS (Maison Henri), 115 Rue Montmartre, Paris
+
+FASHIONABLE HOUSE, 16 Boulevard Montmartre, Paris
+
+FELDSTEIN, 91 Rue des Marais, Paris
+
+FRAENKEL (H.), 28 Rue du Quartre-Septembre, Paris
+
+GALERIES LAFAYETTE, 40 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris
+
+GRANDE MAISON (A La), 7 Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, Paris
+
+HALIMBOURG-AKAR (Etablissements), 1 Places des Victoires, Paris
+
+HENRY-TREILLE, Marcigny
+
+HIGH-LIFE, 112 Rue de Richelieu, Paris
+
+HUTCHINSON (Etablissements), 60 Rue Saint-Lazare, Paris
+
+KRIEGCK & Co., 23 Rue Royale, Paris
+
+LACHASSAGNE (E.), Saint-Etienne
+
+LAMBLIN (A.), 15 Rue Tiquetonne, Paris
+
+LAMARTINE, 24 Rue des Bons-Enfants, Paris
+
+LECONGE & WILLMANN, 2 Rue du Renard, Paris
+
+LEON, 21 Rue Daunou, Paris
+
+LOUVRE (Grande Magazines du), 164 Rue de Rivoli, Paris
+
+LYON (Grand Bazaar de), 31 Rue de la République, Lyon
+
+MAGNANT & Cie, 117 Rue Réaumur
+
+MAGNE (A.), Moulins, France
+
+MANBY, _les_ 19 Rue Auber, Paris
+
+MARCHAL (M.), 30 Rue le Peletier, Paris
+
+MARECHAL (A.), Nevers
+
+MAX-AUSPITZ, 374 Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris
+
+MICHEL JACKSON (A.), 92 Rue Richelieu, Paris
+
+MICHEL JACKSON (E.), Halluin
+
+MENAGERE (À la), 20 Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris
+
+METTEZ (Maison), 5 Place de l'Hotel de Ville, Paris
+
+MOLAY (Jacques), 181 Rue du Temple, Paris
+
+MATHAN (G.), 27 Rue Saint-Sabin, Paris
+
+NICOLLE, 29 Rue Tronchet, Paris
+
+OLD ENGLAND--
+    12 Boulevard des Capucines, Paris
+    114 Via Nazionale, Milan, Italy
+
+OLIVIERI & Co., 101 Rue Claude-Decaen, Paris
+
+PAGUIN (J.) BERTHOLLE & Cie, 43 Boulevard des Capucines, Paris
+
+PARIS-TAILLEUR, 3 Rue du Louvre, Paris
+
+PAYEN (Maison G.), 7 Rue de la République, Lyon
+
+PETIT MATELOT (Au), 41 quai d'Anjou, Paris
+
+PFEIFFR-BRUNET, 17 Rue de l'Ancienne-Comedie, Paris
+
+PRINTEMPS (Magasius du), 70 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris
+
+RAGEUNEAU, 25 Avenue de la Grande-Armée
+
+RÉAUMUR (A.), 82 Rue Réaumur, Paris
+
+REVILLON, Freres, 77 Rue de Rivoli, Paris
+
+RIBBY, 16 Boulevard Poissonière, Paris
+
+RICOUR, 26 Rue du Bouloi, Paris
+
+RODDY, 2 Boulevard des Italiens, Paris
+
+ROFFY, 2 bis, Rue du Bouloi, Paris
+
+ROUSSEAU, 61 Passage du Havre, Paris
+
+ROYAL TAYLOR, 41 Avenue de Wagram, Paris
+
+RUSSIAN AMERICAN INDIA RUBBER Co., 47 Rue Saint Ferdinand, Paris
+
+SAINT, Freres, 34 Rue du Louvre, Paris
+
+SAMARITAINE, Rue du Pont-Neuf, Paris
+
+SEYNOHA (F.), 249 Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris
+
+"SIEG," 19 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris
+
+SORIN & MARZETTIER, 2 Rue Haudaudine, Nantes, Paris
+
+SPORT (The), 17 Boulevard Montmartre, Paris
+
+STEINMETZ, Freres, 16 Rue Cambronne, Paris
+
+STROM (D. SCHNEIDER & Cie)-- 16 Rue de la Chaussee-d'Antin, Paris 33
+Avenue de la Gare, Nice
+
+TELEPHONE (Société Industrielle des), 25 Rue du Quartre Septembre, Paris
+
+THIERY & SIGRAND, 18 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris
+
+TORRILHON (J. B.), Chamalieres
+
+TROIS-QUARTIERS (Aux), 17 Boulevard de la Madeleine, Paris
+
+TUNMER (A.) & Co., 27 Rue du Quartre-Septembre, Paris
+
+VELOCE-CLUB (Au), 21 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris
+
+VINCENE, 148 Rue du Temple, Paris
+
+VOLLANT (A.), 34 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris
+
+WEST END TAILORS, 10 Rue Auber, Paris
+
+WILLIAMS & Cie, 1 Rue Caumartin, Paris
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+ANWANDER (A.), 22 Sonnenstrasse, Munich
+
+HERTZOG (R.), 15 Breiterstrasse, Berlin
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+MARTINY (Manufacture), 5 Via Pietro Micca, Turin
+
+SANGUINETTI (Frat), 8 Corso Vittorie Emanuele, Milan
+
+
+~SPANISH~
+
+SANCHA (M.), 12 Calle de la Cruz, Madrid
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+GEISTDORFER & Co., 4 Paradeplatz, Zurich
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+SCANDINAVIAN FUR & LEATHER Co., 16 West 33rd Street, New York
+
+
+
+
+~HANGAR AND SHED BUILDERS.~
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.
+
+HARBROW (W.), South Bermondsey Station, London, S.E.
+
+HARRISON, SMITH Buildings, Ltd., Vauxhall Works, Dollinan Street,
+Birmingham.
+
+HUMPHREYS Ltd., Knightsbridge, London, W.
+
+MORTON, FRANCIS & Co., Ltd., Hamilton Ironworks, Garston, Liverpool.
+
+~PIGGOTT, Bros. & Co., Ltd.~, 220, 222, 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.
+
+SMITH (F.) & Co., Carpenters Road, Stratford, London, E.
+
+WIRE-WOVE ROOFING Co. & PORTABLE BUILDINGS Co., 108 Queen Victoria St.,
+London, E.C.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+~BESSONNEAU~--
+    29 Rue du Louvre, Paris
+    21 Rue Louis Gain, Angers
+
+COMPAGNIE AERIENNE, 63, Avenue des Champs, Elysees, Paris
+
+CONSTRUCTIONS DEMONTABLES (Compagnie des), 54 Rue Lafayette, Paris
+
+CONSTRUCTIONS ECONOMIQUES (Société de), 11 Avenue de l'Opera, Paris
+
+DUBOIS et Cie, 7 Rue Saint-Amand, Paris
+
+LAPEYRERE (L.), 44 Rue de l'Eglise, Paris
+
+OFFICE d'AVIATION, 3 Avenue de l'Opera, Paris
+
+RUBEROID (Societe du), 82 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris
+
+SAINTE-BEUVE (A.), 196 Quai Jemmapes, Paris
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+MULLER (A.), 27 Fritcherstrasse, Berlin-Charlottenburg
+
+
+
+
+~HYDROGEN SUPPLIES.~
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+BRITISH HYDROGEN Co. (Lane's System), 49-50 Parliament Street, London,
+S.W.
+
+BRITISH OXYGEN Co., Ltd.:--
+    Elverton St., Westminster, London, S.W.
+    Saltley Works, Birmingham
+    Great Marlborough St., Manchester
+    Boyd St., Newcastle-on-Tyne
+    Rosehill Works, Polmadis, Glasgow
+
+~KNOWLES' OXYGEN Co., Ltd.~, Wolverhampton.
+
+WOLF (J.), 15 Seething Lane, London, E.C.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ELECTROLYSE FRANCAISE (L'), 4 Rue des Ecluses, Saint Martin, Paris
+
+HYDROGÈNE pour l'Aerostation et l'Industrie (Soc. Francaise de l')
+(Lane's System), Boulevard Sénart, St. Cloud (Seine et Soise).
+
+HYDROXGENE PUR (L')
+    22 Rue de Douai, Paris
+    Marais de Lomme, Lille (Nord)
+
+OXYDRIQUE FRANCAISE (L'), 2 Rue Nouvelle, Paris
+
+
+
+
+~INSURANCE (AVIATION).~
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+MONET (Alfred), 3 Avenue de Cortambert, Bruxelles, Belgium
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.
+
+~BRAY, GIBB & Co., Ltd.~, 14 Sherborne Lane, King William Street,
+London, E.C.
+
+~CAR & GENERAL INSURANCE CORPORATION, Ltd.~, 1 Queen Victoria Street,
+London, E.C.
+
+DOLAMORE (W. T.), AVIATION INSURANCE BROKER, 199 Piccadilly, W.
+
+FORBES (M. W.) & Co., 15 Queen Street, London, E.C.
+
+GLASGOW ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Ltd., 10 Queen Street, Cheapside, London,
+E.C.
+
+GOLD (Guy), 1 Cornhill, London, E.C.
+
+KINLOCH (D. A.), 13 Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.
+
+PLANCHE, HEARN & Co., 12 Newgate Street, London, E.C.
+
+WHITE CROSS INSURANCE ASSOC., 1 Cornhill, London, E.C.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ASSURANCE SPECIALES d'AUTOMOBILES (Les) 20 Rue Taitbout (Seine), Paris
+
+BANDU DE CHANTPIE (Ch.), 8 Rue Blanche, Paris (Seine)
+
+CAPRON & HAREL, 10 Rue Viollet-le-Duc, Paris
+
+CASANIVA ET GRIBAUMONT, 50 Boulevard Maesherbes, Paris
+
+CAUBERT ET GARNIA (E.), 5 Rue Moreau, Paris
+
+FASTINGER (L.), 8 Rue du Sentier, Paris
+
+HANCIAN (G.), Omnium des Assurance Terrestries, 59 Rue de Chateaudun
+
+HURET (G.), 56 Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris
+
+LAURIERS (Des) et DUMONT, 43 Rue Lafitte, Paris
+
+LAW-CAR, 42 Rue Pergotese, Paris
+
+LE CHARTIR ET DARDONVILLE, 12 Avenue Moatespan, Paris
+
+LEFEVRE (P.), 7 Rue Villaret-de-Joyeuse, Paris
+
+LLOYD (Continental), 17 Rue Druout, Paris
+
+MULLER & DESPIERRES (G.), 26 Rue Etienne-Marcel, France
+
+NICOLLEAU (Auguste), 36 Rue de la Chapelle, Paris
+
+PIEFR (G.), 92 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Paris
+
+STEVENS (Pierre), 26 Rue Bergere, Paris
+
+TERRIER (V.), Courtier d'Assurances, 81 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris
+
+TROLLET (H.), 131 Rue de Rome, Paris
+
+
+
+
+~LUBRICANTS.~
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN.~
+
+GERSON BOEHN & ROSENTHAL, 20 Donaueschingenstrasse, Vienna XX.
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+BENZO-BELGE (la), 11 Boulevard du Régent, Brussels
+
+GUELETTE & Cie, Hug. (_Diamond-Running Oil._)
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+ADAMS BRITISH OIL Co., Ltd., Plough Bridge, Deptford, London, S.E.
+
+~ANGLO-AMERICAN OIL CO., Ltd.~, 22 Billiter Street, London, E.C.
+
+ANGLO-BOSPHORUS OIL Co., Ltd., Bristol
+
+BOWRING PETROLEUM Co., Ltd., Finsbury Court, London, E.C.
+
+BRITISH MONOGRAM OIL Co., Ltd., 177 The Vale, Acton, London, W.
+
+BUTTERWORTHS, Ltd., 5 Roscoe Chambers, Liverpool
+
+BRITISH PETROLEUM Co., Ltd., 22 Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.
+
+CARLESS, CAPEL & LEONARD, Hope Chemical Works, Hackney Wick, London,
+N.E.
+
+COUNTY CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., Chemico Works, Bradford Street, Birmingham
+
+DICK & Co,, Ltd., 33 Eastcheap, London, E.C.
+
+ENGLEBERT & Co., 119 Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.
+
+GRINDLEY & Co., Ltd., Poplar, London, E.
+
+KAYE (J.) & Sons, Ltd., 93 High Holborn, London, W.C.
+
+MONOVO Co., Mono Works, Stewart's Road, London, S.W.
+
+O'BRIEN (H.F.) & Co., Broadheath Oil Works, Manchester
+
+PETROLEUM Co., Ltd. (The British), 22 Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.
+
+PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE Co., Ltd., Belmont Works, Battersea, London, S.W.
+
+ROSE (Sir W. & Co.), 66 Upper Thames Street, London, E.C.
+
+STERN-SONNEBORN (A. G.), Royal London House, Finsbury Square, London,
+E.C.
+
+VACUUM OIL Co., Ltd., Caxton House, Westminster, London, S.W.
+
+WAKEFIELD (C. C.) & Co., 27 Cannon Street, London, E.C.
+
+WHITE, 47 Curtain Road, London, E.C.
+
+WILCOX & Co., Ltd., 23 Southwark Street, London, S.E.
+
+
+~DANISH.~
+
+BEAUVAL (de) Saxlund, 18 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen
+
+MEYER & HENCKEL, 60 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ACKER, 7 Rue de Bac, Ivry Port (_Auto Victoire._)
+
+ANDRÉE (A.) Fils (Societe Anonyme), 8 Rue de la Tour-des-Dames, Paris
+(_Volgaline & Spidoléine._)
+
+AMELIN & RENAUD, 37 Rue Jean-Jacques-Rosseau, Paris
+
+AMERICAN OIL Co., 42 Rue Lepeletier, Paris
+
+BADIN, 3 Rue de la Mare, Paris
+
+BAILLY, 8 Rue de la Michodiére, Paris
+
+BANTEGNIE & NEVU, 10 Rue Bateau, Aubervilliers
+
+BARBAT (C.), Charenton
+
+BAUD, 24 Rue Saint-Roch, Paris
+
+BAUDOUIN, 32 Quai Saint-Vincent, Lyon
+
+BEDFORD PETROLEUM Co., 67 Boulevard Hausmann, Paris
+
+BÉSANCON (E.), Saint-Denis
+
+BONIFACE, Frères, Sotteville-L-Rouen
+
+BONNEVILLE, ROUILLY & Cie, 27 Rue du Landy, Saint-Denis
+
+BORREL & Fils, 58 Rue de Vincennes, Bagnolet
+
+BOUCHON & BERTRAND, 17 Rue des Bateliers, Clichy
+
+BOUGAULT & Cie, 32 Boulevard Ornano, Paris
+
+BOURGEOIS-OUDRY, 18 Rue de la Paix, Vincennes
+
+BUISINE & Cie, 35 Rue de Viarmes, Paris
+
+BURCKHARDT, 18 Rue Poliveau, Paris (_Auto-Gazoline._) (_Auto-Moto._)
+
+CABANNE-NIROUET, 124 Route de Joinville, Champigny-s-Marne
+
+CALISCH-ORESTE, 4 Avenue du Cog, Paris
+
+CAMUS, 5 _bis_, Rue des Rosiers, Paris
+
+CAPET, 61 Rue de la Verrerie, Paris
+
+CATHALIFAUD, 120 Boulevard Magenta, Paris
+
+CAUÊT, 18 Boulevard Pagel, Saint-Denis
+
+CAYEUX, Place de Marche-aux-Herbes, Compiegne
+
+CHAILLY, 15 Rue Catulienne, Saint-Denis
+
+CHATELET, 30 Rue de Fontenay, Nogent-sur-Marne
+
+CHAUDIN & Cie, 132 Faubourg, Saint-Denis, Paris
+
+CHEMET, 143 Route de Versailles, Boulogne
+
+CHEMIN (A.), 10 Rue Gresset, Amiens (_Lubrifa._)
+
+CHICHIGNAUD Au CORNILLON, Saint-Denis
+
+CHOUILLOU, 14 Rue Duphot, Paris
+
+CLAUDY, 92 Rue Neuve-des-Charpennes, Lyon
+
+COLMET & Cie, 70 Rue de Rivoli, Paris
+
+COLUMBRIA (Soc. des Prod. & Pub.), 48 Rue de Paris, Saint-Denis
+
+COSTADAU, 13 Rue Vendome, Lyon (_Golden Oil._)
+
+DANIEL, 4. Rue Villedo, Paris.
+
+DÉGREMONT, 21 Rue Gudot-de Mauroi, Paris (_Lion_.)
+
+DEGUEANT, Avenue Lagache, Villemonble
+
+DELAGE, Quai d'Issy, 37 Issy-les-Moulineaux
+
+DELETTREZ. 7 Rue Gide, Levallois-Perret (_G.D._)
+
+DELIGNY, 3 Rue de Buisson-Saint, Louis, Paris
+
+DESCROIX (P.) & LESAGE, 18 Rue de Normande Asnières
+
+DESSALLE, 39 Rue de Paradis, Paris
+
+DEUTSCHE (Les Fils de), 50 Rue de Châteaudun, Paris (_A.D._)
+(_Jupiter._) (_Viscositas._)
+
+DION BOUTON (De), 36 Quai National, Puteaux
+
+DOMONT, 36 Boulevard Ornano, Paris
+
+DROUOT, 172 Faubourg Saint-Martin, Paris
+
+FAUCHER, 106 Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris
+
+FEIGEL, 14 Rae Barbette, Paris
+
+FERRANDON, 164 Avenue de Valmy, Paris
+
+FERRON, 59 Boulevard Saint-Denis, Courbevoie
+
+FIRBACH, 16 Rue Violet, Paris
+
+FLOQUET, 36 Rue de la Haie-Cog., Paris
+
+FOURNIER, Frères, 12 Rue Castérès, Clichy
+
+FRANCO-RUSSE, Cie, 10 Rue Thimonier, Paris (_Newoléine._)
+
+GAGNEPIAN, GONNOT & Cie, 109 Rue Victor-Hugo, Levallois-Perret
+
+GALENA OIL Co., Paris
+
+GAMARD & LAFLÈCHE, 8 Rue de Thorigny, Paris
+
+GARDAIR, 71 Rue de Vaugirard, Paris
+
+GAUBERT, 40 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris
+
+GÉNÉRAL INDUSTRIELLE (La), 5 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris
+
+GEORGIER (A.), 8 Route de Flandre, Bourget
+
+GIRARD, 102 Rue du Gazometre, Montreuil (_La Becanine_)
+
+GONNOT, 33 Boulevard de la Chapelle, Paris
+
+GUILLAUD & VALLAT, 36 Chemin, Saint-Matthieu, Lyon
+
+GUILLET-PUSARD, Fils et Cie, 4 Rue Poccard, Levallois-Perret (_Royal
+Oil._)
+
+GUYENOT (J.), 1 Rue du Printemps, Paris (_Motoléine._)
+
+HACHARD, 43 Boulevard, Richard-Lenoir, Paris
+
+HAMELIN, 65 Rue Rivay, Levallois-Perret
+
+HAMELLE, 21 Quai de Valmy, Paris (_Valvoline_).
+
+HARMIGNIES, 105 Rue de Paris, Ivry Port
+
+HERZEMBERG, 60 Rue Saint-Mandé, Saint-Ouen
+
+HUILES & GRAISSES INDUSTRIELLES DE, 18 Rue Gambetta, Nice (_Omnia._)
+
+HUILES-VITESSE (Soc. An. des.), Rue des Minimes, Courbevoie
+
+INDUSTRIELLE GENERALE (L'), 27 Rue la Bruyère, Paris
+
+LACARRIÈRE & GRAVELIN, 11 Rue de Neuilly, Clichy (_La Preferee._)
+
+LAGET, 181 Rue Lafayette, Paris
+
+LAMPE, Freres, 32 Rue Saint-Lazarre, Paris
+
+LA SELVE & BOURGEON, 54 Chemin des Cures, Lyon (_Auto Oil_)
+
+LAVOIX, Le Bourget
+
+LEBRASSEUR & Cie, 155 Rue de Paris, Saint-Denis
+
+LEBRASSEUR, 11 Rue de la Vega, Paris
+
+LECLERC (C.), 33 Rue Auger, Pantin
+
+LENOIR, 24 Rue Michelet, Pantin
+
+LENORMAND, 18 Avenue Saint-Germain, Puteaux
+
+LÉONHARD, 14 Rue Coypel, Paris
+
+L'HERITIER & Cie, 86 Rue de Paris, Saint-Denis
+
+LILLE & BONNIÈRES, 10 Rue des Pyramides, Paris
+
+LUBIN, 47 Rue du Liégat, Ivry-Port
+
+LUBRICATING Oil Co., Route de Sartrouville, Pecg.
+
+LYNDALI & Cie, 80 Rue Taitbout, Paris
+
+MACKAY, 2 Cité Trévise, Paris
+
+MAILLET, 9 Rue Alfred Condre, Abbeville
+
+MALICET & BLIN, 103 Avenue de la Republique, Aubervilliers (_Mab._)
+
+MANÇEAU, 60 Rue de Flanders, Pantin
+
+MARÉCHAL, 75 Avenue du Chemin-de-Fer, Le Vestinet
+
+MARTIN (V.), 50 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris
+
+MARVILLE & Cie, Rueil
+
+MAUPRÉ, 112 Rue de la Chapelle, Paris
+
+MICHEL, 15 Rue Ferragus, Aubervilliers
+
+MORIN, 48 Rue de l'Aqueduc, Paris
+
+NANTERRE, 18 Rue Gambetta, Nice (_Omnia._)
+
+NASSOY & RIBAUD, 78 Rue Charles-Nodier, Pantin (_Colzarine_)
+
+NICKMILDER, 82 Rue Daquerre, Paris
+
+NOBLET, 1 Rue Pastuer, Ivry-Port
+
+NORTZ, 29 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris
+
+OLEO, 30 Rue Perrier, Levallois-Perret (_Oleomoto_)
+
+OLEONNAPHTES (Societé Anoyme), 164 Avenue de Paris, Saint-Denis
+
+OLÉONNAPHTES ÉMULSIONNES (Societé Anonyme), 3 Avenue Victor-Hugo
+
+ORANGE & Cie, 432 Avenue de Paris, Saint-Denis
+
+PELON, 76 Avenue de la Republique, Paris
+
+PENNSYLVANIA OIL Co., 39 Rue Sainte-Cécile, Marseilles
+
+PETROLES OIL Co., 2 Rue Fongate, Marseilles (_Onctua._)
+
+PEUGEOT, Freres, 71 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris Valentigney
+
+PIETRATERRA (A.), 10 Rue des Augustins, Argenteuil
+
+POURCHEIROUX, 41 Rue Saint-Ferdinand, Paris
+
+POULET & TAYART, 108 Avenue de la Republique, Aubervilliers
+
+PRADERE & Cie, 16 Rue du 14-Juillet, Pre-Saint-Gervais (_Virginia_)
+
+QUERVEL, 35 Rue du Port, Aubervilliers (_Kervoline_)
+
+RASTIT (H.), 38 Rue Bicolas, Marseilles
+
+RECORD, 27 Quai Gailleton, Lyon
+
+REGNIER, Fils & RODDE, 11 Rue Etienne-Dolet, Paris
+
+RENAUD-LEVEQUE & Cie, 37 Rue Jean-Jacques-Rosseau, Paris
+
+RENAULT (V.), 145 Avenue, Parmentier, Paris
+
+REVAUX, 63 Boulevard Thiers, Amiens
+
+RICBOURG, 19 Quai aux, Fleurs, Paris
+
+RINCK, Fils, 66 Rue de Rivoli, Paris
+
+ROBERT, 25 Rue Drouot, Paris
+
+RONDEL, 101 Rue Marceau, Montreuil
+
+RONDEL (Ch.), 57 Rue de Saint-Mandé, Montreuil
+
+SAUTET, Freres, 99 Route d'Orléans, Montrouge
+
+SIMONET (L.), 45 Rue Gambetta, Nancy
+
+SIMON-ROCHE, 17 bis, Avenue du Mans, Tours (_Auto Sims_)
+
+SIVAN, 8 Place de l'Evêsché Marques, Fréjus (_Record, Aeroline, Motord_)
+
+STANDARD OIL Works, 69 Rue d'Hauteville, Paris
+
+STORACE (B.), 15 Rue de Paris, Nice
+
+SYLVESTER (E.), 6 Rue Nationale, Rouen (_W.S._)
+
+TESSE, 15 Rue de Surène, Paris
+
+TORRE & Cie, 112 bis, Rue de Paris, Vincennes
+
+TOURNEL, 18 Avenue d'Italie, Paris
+
+TRABET (L.), 1 Rue Amelot, Paris (_Trabeoline_)
+
+VACUUM OIL Co., Ltd., 34 Rue de Louvre, Paris
+
+VILLENEUVE (A.), 1 Boulevard Saint-Jacques, Paris
+
+WALLACH & Cie, 60 Avenue de la Republique, Aubervilliers
+
+WALLET, 12 Rue Rennequin, Paris
+
+WILSNER (G.), 29 Rue de Neuilly, Clichy
+
+ZEMMER, 91 Rue Petit, Paris
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+DEPAUW & Cie, 6 Rue de la Linère, Brussels
+
+DEUTSCHE [OE]LVERKE, 1 Prinz-Louis, Ferdinandstrasse, Berlin
+
+PETROLEUM RAFFINERIE, Breme (_Veloscol_)
+
+SPILCKE, 94 Chausseestrasse, Berlin
+
+STERN-SONNEBORN (A. G.), 21 Ritterstrasse, Berlin S. 42
+
+SÜDDEUTSCHE OELWERKE, Fribourg-en-Brisgau
+
+VALVOLINE OIL Co., 7 Hobzbrücke, Hambourg
+
+VOGT & Cie, Görlitz (_Vostol_)
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+ARNOLDI & Cie, 37 Via Paolo do Cannobio, Milan
+
+CECCARELLI, TEDESCHI & Cie, Corso XXII., Marso, 34, Milan (_Teuff_)
+
+CORLIÈ RE, 8 Via Santa-Azata, Boulogne
+
+FOLTZER (E.), Rivarolo-Lugure, Genes
+
+KOCH (O.), 50 Via Abbadesse, Milan
+
+MIRAGOLI & PETSATORI, 67 Foro Bonaparte, Milan
+
+OLEUM, Galleria Nazionala, Turin
+
+PETROLIO, 76 Piazza Cinque Lampade, Genes
+
+REINACH & Cie, 90 Via Lario, Milan (_Oleoblitz_)
+
+VOLPATO & Cie, 11 Via Santa-Maria-Fulcornia, Milan
+
+
+~ROUMANIAN.~
+
+TRAJON, Bucharest, Roumania
+
+
+~RUSSIAN.~
+
+CHABANIAN (R.), Batoum-Bakou
+
+KAISER (R.), Baku
+
+MALLARD, Caucase, Batoum
+
+NOBEL, Freres, St. Petersburg
+
+PITOEFF & Cie, Tiflis
+
+SCHIBAEFF & Cie, Bakau
+
+TER AKOPOFF, 3 Place Isaac, St. Petersburg
+
+
+~SPANISH.~
+
+FONTAGUD, 6 Fuentes, Madrid
+
+OLEON Co., 13 Asalto, Saragossa
+
+USERA (De), 47 Legdnitos, Madrid
+
+VACUUM OIL Co., 598 Cortes, Barcelona
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+GRISARD (G.), 302 Route de Greuzach, Bâle
+
+HALLER, 8 Splugenstrasse, Zurich
+
+HEUMANN (A.) & Cie, Winterthur
+
+HUILES MINERALES, Route de Frontenex, Geneva
+
+LAMBERCIER (J.) & Cie, Geneva
+
+LUMINA (S. A.), Geneva-Vollandes
+
+MOEBIUS (H.) & Fils, Bâle
+
+OMNIA (Maison), Chêne-Bourg, Geneva
+
+SCHMID, 133 Murtenstrasse, Berne
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+DIXON (J.) CRUCIBLE Co., Jersey-City, New York, (_Graphite_)
+
+KEYSTONE LUBRICATING Co., Philadelphia
+
+WHITE & BAGLEY Co., Worcester (_Oilzum_)
+
+
+
+
+~MAGNETOS.~
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN.~
+
+DENES & DRIEDMAN, 11 Mitterbergasse, Vienna XVIII.
+
+ERBEN (S.) & ARNOLD FRIEDMANN, 14 Stubenring, Vienna I.
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS, 121 Rue de l'Instruction, Brussels
+
+PERNSTEIN (Ateliers), 8 Rue Laporte, Liege-Nord
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS--
+    40-42 Newman Street, London, W.C.
+    28 Store Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C.
+
+BRITISH TELLIER Co., 10 Coburg Place, Hyde Park, London, W.
+
+~EISEMANN MAGNETO Co.~, 43 Berners Street, London, W.
+
+FULLER (J. C.) & Son, Woodland Works, Wick Lane, Bow, London, E.
+
+~MEA MAGNETO Co.~, Gresse Buildings, Stephen Street, Tottenham Court
+Road, London, W.
+
+NILMELIOR (Société d'Electricité), 36-37 Alfred Place, Tottenham Court
+Road, London, W.C.
+
+RICHES (G. T.) & Co., 19 Store Street, Tottenham Court Road, London,
+W.C.
+
+SIMMS MAGNETO Co., Ltd., Welbeck Works, Kilburn, London, N.W.
+
+VAN RADEN & Co., Ltd., Great Heath, Coventry.
+
+
+~DUTCH.~
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS, Willem Van Rijm, Keizergracht 181, Amsterdam
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+BARDON (L.), 61 Boulevard National, Clichy
+
+BAUDOT ET PAZ, 22 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris (_Simms._)
+
+BOIN, 33 Rue du Four, Paris
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS--
+    Depôt 295 Avenue de Saxe, Lyon
+    17 Rue Theophile-Gautier
+
+BREGUET (Maison), 19 Rue Didot, Paris
+
+DEBEAUVE, 68 Rue de Sevres, Paris (_Vestale_)
+
+~EISEMANN & Co.~, Lavalette & Cie., 175 Avenue le Choisy, Paris
+
+EXTRA. (_See_ Giffard.)
+
+GIANOLI, 28 Boulevard Magenta, Paris
+
+GIBAUD, 309 Rue de Faubourg, Saint-Antoine, Paris
+
+GIFFARD, 283 Rue des Pyrénées, Paris (_L'Extra_)
+
+GIRARDEAU (A.), 7 Rue Scribe, Paris
+
+GUENET. 5 Rue Montmorency, Paris
+
+GUILLOU, 41 Rue de Bagneux, Montrouge
+
+HENRIQUE, 54 Quai de Courbevois, Courbevois
+
+HERDTLE & BRUNEAU, 93 Rue Pelleport, Paris
+
+HOMMEN (H.), 38 Rue de Turenne, Saint-Etienne
+
+HYDRA (Société de le Magneto), 11 Rue Charcot, Neuilly-sur-Seine
+
+ILIYNE-Berline, 8 Rue des Dunes, Paris
+
+INVICTA (Société) (Hamille et Cie), 5 Rue Deves, Neuilly-sur-Seine
+
+JUSTON & Cie, 62 Rue du Chemin-Vert, Paris
+
+~MEA MAGNETO~, Feld-Dengen, 157 av. Malakoff, Paris
+
+MONTBARBON (Société), 147 bis, Rue de Villiers, Neuilly-sur-Seine
+(_S.A.M._)
+
+NIEUPORT (Société Anonyme des Appareils Electriques), 9 Rue de Seine,
+Suresnes
+
+NILMELIOR (Société), 49 Rue Lacordaire, Paris
+
+SIMMS MAGNETO Co., Ltd., 12 Rue de Courcelles, Levallois-Perret
+
+STUART & STICHTER, 18 Avenue des Ternes, Paris (_Splitdorf_)
+
+UNTERBERG & HELME, 166 Rue Lafayette, Paris (_U.H._)
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+BERGMANN'S INDUSTRIEWERKE, Gaggneau (_G.m.b.H._)
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS, 11 Hopperlaustrasse, Stuggart
+
+~EISEMANN & CO.~, 61 Rosenbergstrasse, Stuttgart
+
+FIELDER (W.), Eisenach (_Ruthardt_)
+
+HAENDLER (A.), 52 Heidestrasse, Berlin
+
+~MEA~ (_G.m.b.H._), Stuttgart
+
+RAPID ACCUMULATOREN & MOTOREN WERKE, 149 Haupstrasse, Schoneberg-Berlin
+
+RUTHARDT & Co., 77 Olachstrasse, Stuttgart
+
+SCHOELLER (A.), Frankfort
+
+TAUNUS ZUNDERFABRIK (_G.m.b.H._), Frankfort
+
+UNTERBERG & HELME, Durlach, Baden
+
+WECKERLEIN & STOCKER, 7 Wodanstrasse, Nuremberg (_Moris_)
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS, 18 Via San Vittore, Milan
+
+~EISEMANN & Co.~, Ditta Secondo Pratti, 32 Carlo-Alberto, Milan
+
+LUCINI (Enrico), 3 Via Petrarca, Milan
+
+
+~SWEDISH.~
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS, Fritz Egnall, Norra Bantorget 29, Stockholm
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+KESSERLING (F.) & Cie, Schaffhouse
+
+KOMET, 95 Brunaustrasse, Zurich
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+BOSCH MAGNETOS:--
+    160 West St., 56th Street, New York.
+    223 & 225 West 46th Street, New York.
+    1253 Michigan Avenue, Chicago
+    357 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco
+
+DAYTON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING Co., 98 St. Clair Street, Dayton, Ohio
+
+DOW MANUFACTURING Co., Braintree
+
+FAWN RIVER MFTG. Co., Constantine, M.
+
+FISCH (Geo. L.), 1451 Michigan Avenue, Chicago
+
+HEINZE ELECTRIC Co., Lowelle, Mass.
+
+HOLTZER, CABOT ELECTRIC Co., Boston (_H.C._)
+
+K.W. IGNITION Co., 30 Power Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
+
+~MEA MAGNETOS~, Marburg Bros., Inc., U.S. Rubber Buildings, New York.
+Also Detroit and Chicago.
+
+MOTSINGER DEVICE MFTG. Co., Pendleton, Ind.
+
+PITTSFIELD SPARK OIL Co., Dayton
+
+REMY ELECTRIC Co., Anderson, Ind.
+
+SPLITDORF Co.--
+    261-265 Walton Avenue, New York.
+    138th Street, New York.
+
+
+
+
+~MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES.~
+
+
+~BELGIUM.~
+
+WANSON (Maurice), 10 Rue Jean Stas, Brussels
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+AEROS, Ltd., 139 St. James's Street, Piccadilly, London.
+
+AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.
+
+BRITISH AMERICAN Co., 300-33 Widdrington Road, Coventry
+
+BRITANNIA ENGINEERING Co. (1910), Ltd., Britannia Works, Colchester
+
+BRITISH EMALLITE Co., Ltd., 30 Regent Street, London, S.W.
+
+BRITISH INSULATED & HELSBY CABLES, Ltd., Warrington
+
+BRITISH LOW ACCESSORIES Co., Ltd., 15 Great St. Helen's, London, E.C.
+
+BONN (J.) & Co., Ltd., 97 New Oxford Street, London, W.C.
+
+BOWDEN PATENTS, Ltd., Baldwin Gardens, London, W.C.
+
+BROOKS (J.B.) & Co., Ltd., Criterion Works, Birmingham
+
+BROWN (Bros.), Ltd., Birmingham
+
+BRAMPTON (Bros.), Ltd., Birmingham
+
+~BURBERRYS~, The Haymarket, London, S.W. (_Aviation Garments_)
+
+CENTRAL NOVELTY Co., 99 Snow Hill, Birmingham
+
+CHATER, LEA, Ltd., 114 Golden Lane, London, E.C.
+
+CLARK (T. W. R.) & Co., Crown Works, High Street, Kingston-on-Thames
+
+~COAN~ (~Robt. W.)~, 219 Goswell Road, London, E.C. (_Aluminium
+Castings._)
+
+COWEY ENGINEERING Co., Ltd., 1 Albemarle Street, London, W.
+
+CRAMPTON & Co., 73 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.
+
+~CROSLEY, LOCKWOOD & SON~, 7 Stationer's Hall Court, London, E.C.
+(_Publishers_)
+
+DING, SAYERS & Co., Elm Gardens, Mitcham, Surrey
+
+DOBBIE McINNES, Ltd., Glasgow, N.B.
+
+DRESSER & GARLE, Regent House, Regent Street, London, W.
+
+~DRUMMOND BROS., Ltd.~, Ryde's Hill, Guildford
+
+~EISEMANN MAGNETO Co.~, 43 Berners Street, London, W.
+
+ESSEX ACCUMULATOR Co., 499 Grove Green Road, Leytonstone, London, N.E.
+
+EVANS (Geo.) & Co., 94 Albany Street, Regent's Park, London, N.W.
+
+FLATHER (W. T.), Ltd., Standard Steel Works, Sheffield
+
+FRASER BEGG & Co., Ilford.
+
+FONTEYN & Sons, 76 Newman Street. London, W.
+
+FOULIS (Wilfred), Ltd., Sunbury News, Belford Road, Edinburgh
+
+GENERAL AVIATION CONTRACTORS, Ltd., 30 Regent Street, London, S.W.
+
+~GEOGRAPHIA DESIGNING & PUBLISHING Co., Ltd.~, 33 Strand, London, E.C.
+(_Maps, etc._)
+
+HAIM (N. S.), 69 Mark Lane, London, E.C.
+
+HANDLEY PAGE, Ltd., 72 Victoria Street, London, S.W.
+
+HARRIS & SAMUEL, 10 Dean Street, Oxford Street, London, W.
+
+~HASLER TELEGRAPH WORKS~, 26 Victoria Street, London, S.W.
+(_Indicators_)
+
+HELLEKEN, Ltd., 133 Upper Thames Street, London, E.C.
+
+HILL (ROWLAND) & Sons, Ltd., Albion Foundry, Coventry
+
+HOBSON (H. H.), Ltd., 29 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, S.W.
+
+HORA (E. & H.), Ltd., 36-38, Peckham Road, London, S.E.
+
+~HOYT METAL Co. OF GT. BRITAIN, Ltd.~, 26 Billiter Street, London, E.C.
+
+HUNTSMAN (B.), Attercliffe, Sheffield
+
+HURLIN (J.) & Son, 191 Cambridge Road, London, E.
+
+JENNINGS, GUILDING & Co., 60 Southgate Street, Gloucester
+
+~JONES Bros., Ltd.~, 12 York Street, Manchester (_Fabrics, etc._)
+
+KALKER (E.) & Co., Much Park Street, Coventry
+
+KEMPSHALL TYRE Co., 1 Trafalgar Buildings, London, W.C.
+
+KIRKBY BANKS SCREW Co., Ltd., Meadow Lane, Leeds
+
+LAMPLOUGH & Sons, Ltd., Albion Works, Cumberland Park, London, N.W.
+
+~MALLINSON (Wm.) & Sons~, 130-138 Hackney Road, London, N.E.
+
+MARSH (Bros.) & Co., Ltd., Ponds Steel Works, Sheffield
+
+MARKT & Co., 6 City Road, London, E.C.
+
+~MEA MAGNETO Co.~, Gresse Buildings, Stephen Street, Tottenham Court
+Road, London, W.
+
+MELHUISH (R.), Ltd., 50 Fetter Lane, London, E.C.
+
+MELLIN (F.) & Co., Salisbury Road, Kilburn, London
+
+M. P. G. Co., 98 Tollington Park, London, N.
+
+MOGUL TYRE Co., Ltd., 15 Carlton House, Regent Street, London, W.
+
+MOTOR ACCESSORIES Co., 55 Great Marlborough Street, London, W.
+
+MOTOR AVIATION Co., Ltd., 628 Martin's Lane, London, W.C.
+
+NOBLES & HOARE, Ltd., Cornwall Road, Stamford Street, London, S.E.
+
+NORTH BRITISH RUBBER Co., Ltd., Castle Mills, Edinburgh
+
+~OWEN (Joseph) & Sons, Ltd.~, 199a Borough High Street, London, S.E.
+(_Aeroplane Woods_)
+
+PALMER (L. N.), 9a Trevelyan Road, Tooting, London, S.W.
+
+PALMER TYRE Co., Ltd., Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C.
+
+~PIGGOTT Bros. & Co., Ltd.~, 220, 222, 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.
+
+POLDI STEEL Works, Napier Street, Sheffield
+
+RANDALL (J. H.) & Co., Green Street Works, Paddington Green, London, W.
+
+REASON MNFTG. Co., Ltd., Lewes Road, Brighton
+
+RENOLD (Hans), Ltd., Progress Works, Brook Street, Manchester
+
+ROE (A.V.), Gt. Ancoats Street, Manchester
+
+~ROGERS Bros.~, 33 Aldermanbury, London, E.C. (_Fabrics, etc._)
+
+ROLLETT (H.) & Co., "Avia Works," Coldbath Square, Rosebery Avenue,
+London, E.C.
+
+ROSS, COURTNEY & Co., Ltd., Ashbrook Road, Upper Holloway, London, N.
+
+RUBERY, OWEN & Co., Darlaston, Staffs.
+
+RUTT (A.) 85 Cannon Road, Bromley
+
+SCHAFFER & BUDENBERG, Whitworth Street, Manchester
+
+SEEBOHM & DUCKSTAHL, Ltd., Dannemora Steel Works, Sheffield
+
+SHORT (Bros.), Eastchurch, Sheppey
+
+SMITH (F.) & Co., Ltd., Wire Manufacturers, Caledonia Works, Halifax
+
+SNOWDEN & Sons, 427 Norwood Road, London, S.E.
+
+SPEAR & JACKSON, Ltd., Aetna Works, Sheffield
+
+SPIRAL TUBE & COMPONENTS Co., Caledonian Street, King's Cross, London,
+N.
+
+SPENCER MOULTON (G.) & Co., Ltd., 77-9 Cannon Street, London, E.C.
+
+STEWART & CLARKE MFTG. Co., 11 Denmark Street, Charing Cross, London, W.
+
+~THORN & HODDLE ACETYLENE Co., Ltd.~, 151 Victoria Street, London, S.W.
+
+TIMPERLEY (Chas. B.), 86b Snow Hill, Birmingham
+
+TORMO MFTG. Co., 67 Bunhill Row, London, E.C.
+
+UNITED MOTOR INDUSTRIES, Ltd., 45-6 Poland Street, London, W.
+
+UNIVERSAL AVIATION Co., 166 Piccadilly, London, W.
+
+VAN DE RADEN & Co., Ltd., Great Heath, Coventry
+
+~VANDERVELL (C. A.) & Co.~, Warple Way, Acton Vale, London, W.
+
+VENESTA, Ltd., 20 Eastcheap, London, E.C.
+
+WARWICK WRIGHT, Ltd., 110 High Street, Manchester Square, London, W.
+
+WEBSTER & BENNETT, Ltd., Atlas Works, Coventry
+
+WEST LONDON SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS Co., Ltd., Premier Place, High Street,
+Putney, London, W.
+
+WHITELEY EXERCISER Ltd., 35-37 Southwark Bridge Road, London, S.E.
+
+~WHITEMAN & MOSS~, 8 Moor Street, Cambridge Circus, London, W.C.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ACIERIES DE FIRMINY, Firminy, Loire
+
+BARDOU, CLERGET & Cie, 12 Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris
+
+~BESSONEAU~, 29 Rue du Louvre, Paris
+
+BLOT-GARNIER & CHEVALIER, 9 Rue Beudant, Paris
+
+BORDE (I.), 99 Boulevard, Haussmann, Paris
+
+BOREL et Cie, 11 Chemin de Pré-Gaudry, Paris
+
+CARPENTIER (J.), 20 Rue Delamore, Paris
+
+CHAPMAN (H.), Rue Laffitte, Paris
+
+CACATRE, 35 Boulevard Saint-Jacques, Paris
+
+~DOUTRE (La Ste. An des Appareils d'Aviation)~, 58 Rue Tait bout, Paris
+
+DUCOMET, 11 Rue d'Abbeville, Paris
+
+GAUDET (A.), 7 Avenue de Montreuille Fontenay-sous-Bois, Seine
+
+GIRAUD (Ainé), 49 Rue Greffulhe, Levallois-Perret
+
+GODARD (Louis), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris
+
+GOMES (A. C.) & Cie, 63 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris
+
+GROSSIORD (A.), Saint-Maurice, Seine
+
+HANNOYER (F.), 69 Avenue Parmentier, Paris
+
+HUE (E.), 63 Rue des Archives, Paris
+
+LADIS LEWKOWICZ, Ervauville, Loviet
+
+LEFEBVRE & Cie, 76 Avenue de la République, Paris
+
+LEVESQUES, Rue des Haudriettes, Paris
+
+LUNKEN VALVE Co., 24 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris
+
+MAXANT, 38 Rue Belgrand, Paris
+
+MAZELLIER ET CARPENTIER, 20 Rue Delambre, Paris
+
+PAREME (J.), 203 Rue Lafayette, Paris
+
+PELON, 76 Avenue de la République, Paris
+
+PELTRET & LAFAGE, 4 Rue des Rigoles, Paris
+
+PERE (J.), 46 Boulevard Magenta, Paris
+
+POIRELLE (Vve) & DOURDE, 4 Place Thorigny, Paris
+
+PROTAIS, 12 Rue Montbrun, Paris
+
+RICHARD (J.)--
+    25 Rue Melingue, Paris
+    10 Rue Halevy, Paris
+
+ROEBLING'S (J. A.) & Sons Co., Trenton, New Jersey
+
+SCHAEFFER & BUDENBERG, 105 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Paris
+
+SEEBOHM & DIECKSTAHL, 4 Rue Sanite-Ann, Paris
+
+SOCIETE GENERALE D'APPAREILS DE CONTROLE, 105 Rue de la Convention,
+Paris
+
+~VALDENAIRE (H.), ADENET & Cie~, 21, rue des Jeûneurs, Paris
+(_Fabrics_).
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+BAMBERG (Carl), Berlin-Friedenau
+
+BASSE & SELVE, Altena
+
+BUNGE (B.), Oranienstrasse, 20 Berlin, So. 26
+
+DEUTCHEN WAFFEN-V-MUNITIONSFABRIKEN, Dorotheenstrasse 43-41, Berlin N.W.
+41
+
+~EISEMAN MAGNETO Co.~, 61 Rosenbergstrasse, Nuremberg.
+
+FUESS (R.), Steglitz
+
+HACKENSCHMIDT (Ch.), 7 Kramergasse, Strasbourg
+
+~MEA MAGNETO~, S. Union Werke G.m.b.H. Feurbach-Stuttgart
+
+SPINDLER & HOYER, Goettingue
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+BRETZ (J. S.), & Co., Times Buildings, Byrant
+
+BROWN & Co., 1070 Clinton St., Syracuse, New York
+
+CALIFORNIA AERO MFTG. & SUPPLY Co., 441-3 Golden Gate Avenue, San
+Francisco
+
+CHURCH AEROPLANE Co., Brooklyn, New York
+
+DELTOUR (J.), Inc., 496th Avenue, New York
+
+FRASSE (Peter A.) & Co., 408 Commerce Street, Philadelphia
+
+PEDERSEN MANUFACTURING Co., 636-644, First Avenue, New York
+
+PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER Co., Jeannette, Pa.
+
+RUBEL (R. O.), Louisville, Ky.
+
+RUDOLPH (W. F.), Broad Street, Pa.
+
+SCOTT, Bros., Cadiz, Ohio
+
+STUPAR, 9626 Erie Avenue, Chicago
+
+WEAVER-EBLING AUTOMOBILE Co., 2230 Broadway 79th Street, New York
+
+WITTEMANN (C. & A.), 17-19 Ocean Terrace, Staten, 1st, New York
+
+WILLIS (E. J.) & Co., 85 Chambers Street, New York
+
+WILSON & SILSBY, Yacht Sailmakers, Rowe's Wharf, Boston, Mass.
+
+
+
+
+~PACKERS AND SHIPPERS.~
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.
+
+CARBURINE. (See Gas Lighting Improvement Co.)
+
+DRESSER & GARLE, Regent House, Regent Street, London, W.
+
+MOUNT (J. C.) & Co., 101, Grosvenor Road, London, S.W.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+BRAVARD, 40 Rue de l'Arbre-Sec Lyon, Rhone
+
+GERFAUD (C.), 26 Rue du Chateau-d-Eau, Paris
+
+LANGSTAFF, EHRENBERG & POLLACK, 12 Rue d'Enghien, Paris
+
+PAYSSE & Cie, 22 Rue Amperé, Paris
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+AMBROSSETTI (G.), 32 Via Nizza, Turin
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+BRINE (B. S.), Transportation Co.
+
+
+
+
+~PATENT AGENTS (Aerial Specialists).~
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+HAMEL (J.), Liege
+
+WUNDERLICH & Cie., Brussels.
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+BREWER & SONS, 35 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
+
+CHATWIN, HERSCHELL & Co., 253 Grays Inn Road, London, W.C.
+
+EDWARDS (ARTHUR) & Co., Chancery Lane Station Chambers, Holborn, London,
+W.C.
+
+MARKHAM & FRANCE, Dudley House, Southampton
+
+ROGERS (F. M.) & Co., 21 Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.
+
+ROOTS (J. D.) & Co., Thanet House, Temple Bar, London, E.C.
+
+~STANLEY POPPLEWELL & Co.~, 38 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
+
+THOMPSON (W. P.) & Co., 285 High Holborn, London, W.C., and 6 Lord
+Street, Liverpool
+
+WITHERS (J. S.) & SPOONER, 323 High Holborn, London, W.C.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ARMENGAUD, Paris
+
+BLETRY (C.), 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris
+
+BRANDON FRÉRES, Paris
+
+DUPONT & ELLUIN, 42 Bd. Bonne-Norwelle, Paris
+
+JOUVE (Ad), Marseilles
+
+MESTRAL & HARLÉ, 21 rue de la Rochefoucault, Paris
+
+PICARD, 97 Rue St. Lazare, Paris.
+
+WEISMANN & MARX, 90 rue d'Amsterdam, Paris
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+ANSBERT VERREITER, Berlin W. 57
+
+BEZUGSQUELLEN-AUSKUNFTEI, Berlin.
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+BARZANO & ZANARDO, via Bagutta 24, Milan
+
+
+~SPANISH.~
+
+BOLIBAR (G.), Barcelona.
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+EVANS (Victor J.) & Co., 724-726, Ninth St. N.W. Washington, D.C.
+
+OWEN (Richard B.), Dept. 5, Owen Building, Washington, D.C.
+
+PARKER (C. L.), 30 McGill Building, Washington, D.C.
+
+
+
+
+~PETROL.~
+
+
+~AUSTRIAN.~
+
+LEDERER (W.) (_Galizche Karpathen Petroleum A.G._), Galicia
+
+NAPHTE UNGARISCHE, 33 Vaczi-Korut, Budapest, Hungary
+
+RUSSIAN-AMERICAN OIL Co., 42 Zozsef, Budapest VIII., Hungary
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+BELGIAN BENZINE Co. (_Motogazolin_), Haren-Nord
+
+MOTTAY & PISCART (_Motocarline_), Haren-Nord-lez-Brussels
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+~ANGLO-AMERICAN OIL Co., Ltd.~, 36-38 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster,
+London, S.W. (_Pratt's_)
+
+BOWLEYS & Son, Wellington Works, Battersea, London, S.W.
+
+BOWRING PETROLEUM Co., Ltd., 5, Billiter Avenue, E.C.
+
+BRITISH PETROLEUM Co., 22 Fenchurch Street, London, E.C. (_Shell_)
+
+CARLESS, CAPEL & LEONARD, Hope Chemical Works, Hackney Wick, London,
+N.E.
+
+GAS LIGHTING IMPROVEMENT Co., Ltd. (_Carburine._)--
+    7 Bishopsgate Street Without, London, E.C.
+    Royston Castle, Shore Road, Granton, Edinburgh
+
+PETROLES DE GROSNYI (Russie) (P.G.R.), 101 Leadenhall Street, London,
+E.C.
+
+
+~BRITISH COLONIES, etc.~
+
+WILSON (J.), 119 Rue Common, Montreal, Canada
+
+
+~DANISH.~
+
+BEAUVAL & SAXLUND, 18 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen
+
+MEYER & HENCKEL, 60 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+DEUTSCH (Les de) (_Moto-Naptha_), 50 Rue de Chateaudun, Paris
+
+FANTO (Cie Des Petroles), 74 Rue St. Lazare, Paris
+
+FENAILLE & DESPEAUX (_Benzo Moteur_), 11 Rue de Conservatoire, Paris
+
+FIRBACK (E.), 16 Rue Violet, Paris
+
+GERFAUD (C.), 26 Rue du Chateau-d-Eau, Paris
+
+GRAMMONT (Raffineries) (_Lesourd_), Tours
+
+GUILLAND & VALLET, 36 Chemin St. Mathieu, Lyon
+
+LANGSTAFF, EHRENBERG & POLLACK, 12 Rue d'Enghien, Paris
+
+LASSAILLY (L.), 12 Rue d'Oney, Vitry, Seine
+
+LILLE, BONNIERES ET COLOMBES (Soc. Anym.) (_Vaporine & Spiritol_), 10
+Rue des Pyramides, Paris
+
+NAPHTE CASPIEBBE ET DE LA MER NOIRE (Société), 26 Rue Lafitte, Paris
+
+PETROLES (Cie Generale des) (_Naphtacycle_), 2 Rue Fongate, Marseilles
+
+PETROLES (Cie Industrielle des), 12 Rue Blanc, Paris
+
+PETROLES DE BINAGADI BAKOU (Soc. des), 11 Place des Vosges, Paris
+
+RAFFINERIE DE PETROLE DU DUNQUERQUE (ENERGIE) (_Touriste_), 24 Rue
+Joubert, Paris
+
+RAFFINERIE DE PETROLE DU NORD, 26 Rue d'Enghien, Paris (_Eoline_).
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+ARNOLDIE (G.) & Cie, 37 Via Pavlo da Cannobis, Milan
+
+PETROLI D'ITALIA (Soc.) (_Italia_), 12 Via Andegari, Milan
+
+PETROLIO (Soc. Ital. Americana), 76 Piazzi Cinque Lampa, Genoa
+
+
+~ROUMANIAN.~
+
+AQUILA, Franco-Romana, Bucharest
+
+ETOILE ROUMAINE, Bucharest
+
+
+~RUSSIAN.~
+
+KAISER (B.), Baku
+
+NANOYAN & Cie, Batum
+
+PITOEFF & Cie, Taflis
+
+SCHIBAEFF & Cie, Baku
+
+TER-AKOPOFF, 3 Place Isaac, St. Petersburg
+
+
+~SPANISH.~
+
+CATASUS & Co., 1 Colon, Barcelona
+
+DESMARIS FRERES, 8 Rue Claire, Madrid
+
+FOURCADEY PROVOT, 8 Calle de Fernaflor, Madrid
+
+VILELLA, Tarragona
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+HUILES MINERALES (SOCIETE SUISSE POUR LE COMMERCE DE), Route de
+Frontenex, Geneva
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+ELLIS & Co., 11 Broadway, New York
+
+PETROLEUM OIL TRUST, 27 William Street, New York
+
+PURE OIL Co., 11 William Street, New York
+
+
+
+
+~PROPELLERS.~
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+WANSON (Maurice), 10 Rue Jean Spas, Brussels
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+AVRO. (See Roe (A.V.) & Co.)
+
+BENEY (R.) & Co., 7 Carlisle Street, Oxford Street, London, W.
+
+~BLACKBURN~ (~B.~), Balm Road, Leeds
+
+~BRITISH & COLONIAL AEROPLANE Co., Ltd.~, Bristol
+
+BROWN Bros., Ltd., 22-34 Great Eastern Street, London, E.C.
+
+CLARKE (T. W. K.) & Co., 26 Clarges Street, London, W.
+
+DOVER AVIATION Co., Ltd., Dover (_Normale_)
+
+GENERAL AVIATION CONTRACTORS Ltd., 30 Regent Street, London, S.W.
+(_Rapid_)
+
+GRAHAME-WHITE (C.) & Co., Ltd., 1 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London,
+W.
+
+HANDLEY PAGE, Ltd., 72 Victoria Street, London, S.W.
+
+HARRIS & SAMUELS, 10 Dean Street, Oxford Street, London, W.
+
+HOLLAND & HOLLAND, 479-483 Oxford Street, London, W.
+
+LUDWIG LOEWE & Co., Ltd., 30-32 Farringdon Road, London, E.C.
+
+MADISON DYNAMO ELECTRIC Co., Littleover, Derby
+
+MACFIE (R.F.) &. Co., Norwich Union Chambers, St. James' Street, London,
+W.
+
+MOTOR ACCESSORIES Co., 55 Great Marlborough Street, London, W.
+
+~PIGGOTT~ (~Bros.~) ~& Co., Ltd.~, 220-222-224 Bishopsgate, London, E.C.
+
+ROE (A. V.) & Co., Brownsfield Mills, Manchester
+
+SMITH & DOREY (G. H. & W. H.), Ltd., 14a Great Marlborough Street,
+London, W.
+
+SPENCER & SONS (C. G.), 56a, Highbury Grove, London, N.
+
+TWINING AEROPLANE Co., 29b Grosvenor Road, Hanwell, London, W.
+
+WEBB, PEET & Co., Gloucester
+
+W.B.G. (See Wilson, Bros. & Gibson)
+
+WILSON (Bros.) & GIBSON, Twickenham (_W. B. G._)
+
+WRIGHT (Howard T.) (See Howard Wright)
+
+WOOD (T.B.), Littleover Works, Derby
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+APPAREILS AÉRIENS (Société de Construction D'), 36 Rue du Bois,
+Levallois-Perret
+
+AVIA (Société Générale D'Industrie Aéronautique), 62 Rue de Provence,
+Paris
+
+BAUDOT & PAZ, 22 Avenue de la Grande Armée, Paris
+
+BAUJARD (Claude), 309, Faubourg Sainte-Antoine, Paris (_Eola_)
+
+BREQUET (Louis), Boulevard Vauban, Douai
+
+CHAUVIÈRE (L.), 52 Rue Servan, Paris (_Integrale_)
+
+CHERVILLE (M.), 6 Place de l'Odéon, Paris.
+
+DOREY (W.H.), 14 Rue Torricelli, Paris
+
+DURVILLE (P. N. G.), 38 Rue Jouffroy, Paris.
+
+EOLA (_See_ Baugard)
+
+ESNAULT-PELTERIE (ETABLISSEMENTS), 149 Rue de Silly, Billancourt
+(_R.E.P._)
+
+GODARD (Louis), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris
+
+HELICE (E.T.M.), PARIS INGENIEUR, 17 Rue Cassette, Paris
+
+KAPFERER (M.), 2 Avenue de Messine, Paris (_Aero-propulser_). (_A.P._)
+
+KOECHLIN (P.), 45 Rue Denfert-Rochereau, Boulogne, S.
+
+LABANHIE ET RUTHER, 2 Rue de Seine, Suresnes
+
+LETORD & NIEPCE, 15 Rue Paira et 23 Terre-Neuve, Mendon _(Dargent)_
+
+LIORE, 4 _bis_, Rue de Cormeille, Levallois-Perret
+
+PANHARD & LEVASSOR (Société Des Anciens Établissements), 19 Avenue
+D,'Ivry, Paris
+
+PASSERAT & RADIQUET (Établissements), 127 Rue Michel-Bigot, Paris
+_(Progressive)_
+
+PELLIAT (L.), 15 Grand Rue, Asnières (_Rationnelle_)
+
+PEYZARET-PARANT, 4 _bis_, Rue Louis-Philippe, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris
+
+RATMANOFF, 9 Rue Eugène-Eichenberger, Piteaux _(Normale)_
+
+RÉGY FRERES (Les Fils de), 120 et 122 Rue de Javel, Paris
+
+R. E. P. (_See_ Esnault-Pelterie)
+
+ROSSEL-PEUGOT, Sochaux, près Montbéliard (Doubs) (Société Anonyme des
+Constructions Aériennes)
+
+TELLIER (CHANTIERS), Juvissy
+
+THOMAS, 5 Rue des Tanneries, Paris
+
+VINOGRADOW (MICHEL), 83 Quai d'Issy, Issy-les-Moutisn
+
+VOISIN, 34 Quai du Point-du-Jour, Billancourt
+
+VUITTON (LOUIS), 1 Rue Scribe, Paris
+
+
+~GERMAN.~
+
+ERSTE-DEUTSCHE AUTOMOBIL-FACHSCHULE, Mainz
+
+FICHTEL & SACHS, Schweinfurt A.M.
+
+PARSEVAL, Bitterfield
+
+SCHLOTTER (G.A.), Dresden-A. 16
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+AERIAL PROPELLER Co., White Plains, New York
+
+AMERICAN PROPELLER Co., Washington, D.C. (_Paragon_)
+
+BRAUNER (P.) & Co., 335-339 East 102nd Street, New York
+
+CRAFTSMAN PERFECT PROPELLERS, 626 Erie Avenue, Chicago
+
+DETROIT AERONAUTIC CONSTRUCTION Co., 306 Holcomb Avenue, Detroit,
+Michigan
+
+DUQUET (L. G), 107 W. 36th Street, New York
+
+GREEN (Rurl. H.), 515 Delta Buildings, Los Angeles, Cal.
+
+HOLBROOK AERO. SUPPLY Co., Joplin, Mo.
+
+REQUA-GIBSON, 225 West 49th Street, New York
+
+STUPAR (M.), 9626 Erie Avenue, Chicago
+
+WILCOX PROPELLER, Box 181 Madison Square, New York
+
+
+
+
+~RADIATORS.~
+
+
+~BELGIAN.~
+
+TOLÉRIE AUTOMOBILE BELGE, 17 Rue des Boyards, Liège
+
+
+~BRITISH.~
+
+ALBANY MANUFACTURING Co., Willesden Junction, London, N.W.
+
+COVENTRY MOTOR FITTING Co., Far Gasford Street, Coventry
+
+DOHERTY MOTOR COMPONENTS, Ltd., Coventry
+
+LAMPLOUGH & Son, Ltd., Willesden Junction, London, N.W.
+(_Lamplough-Albany_)
+
+MOTOR RADIATOR MANUFACTURING Co.:--
+    Parkside, Coventry
+    23 Tanner Street, Bermondsey, London, S.E.
+
+SPIRAL TUBE & COMPONENTS Co., Caledonia Street, King's Cross, London, N.
+
+
+~FRENCH.~
+
+ARQUEMBOURG (Louis), 157 Faubourg, Saint-Denis, Paris
+
+BANNEVILLE, 119 Rue Saint-Maur, Paris
+
+BARDOU (E.), 150 Rue Victor-Hugo, Levallois-Perret
+
+BAUDIER (Ch.), 30-32 Rue Baudin, Levallois-Perret
+
+BISIAUX, 11 Rue Petit, Paris
+
+BONFILS, 37 Avenue de Saint-Mandé, Paris
+
+BRACHTEN ET GALLAY, Bellegarde
+
+CHAMPESME, 5 Rue La Vieuville, Paris
+
+CHAROY (G.) Et Cie, 5 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris
+
+CHAUSSON Frères, 27 Rue Malakoff, Asnieres
+
+CHIROL & Cie, 53 Rue de Lorraine, Levallois-Perret
+
+CHOUBERSKY (Société Anonyme des Etablissements), 20 Rue Félicien-David,
+Paris
+
+COCHAUX (Emile), Deville
+
+DARBILLY (J.), 198 Boulevard Pereire, Paris
+
+DESNOYERS Freres, 116 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Paris
+
+DURAND, GIROUX & Cie, 5 Rue Saint-Marri, Paris
+
+ELECTRIC ACETYLENE (L.), 52 Rue Balay, Saint-Etienne
+
+ELOY (Lucien), Rue Louis Soyer, Villemonble
+
+ENTREPOT METALLURGIGUE (L.), 5 Passage de l'Industrie, Paris
+
+ESTABLIE Freres et Louis Establie, 11 Quai de Valmy, Paris
+
+FREES (De), 19 Rue de Recroy, Paris
+
+FUREST (G.) et Cie, 32 Boulevard Henri-IV., Paris
+
+GAY ET BOURGOENS, 53 Rue Louis-Blanc, Lyon
+
+GOUDARD MENNESSON, 119 Rue de Montreuil, Paris
+
+GRIMMEISEN (Ch. & G.), 5 et 7 Passage Piver, 92 Faubourg du Temple,
+Paris
+
+GRENIER & MERCIER (SOCIETÉ ANONYME DES ETABLISSEMENTS), 8 Avenue de
+Bouvines, Paris
+
+GROUVELLE, ARQUEMBOURG ET Cie, Rue du Moulin-Vert, Paris (_Arécal_)
+
+LAEIS & Cie, 86 Rue de Villiers, Levallois-Perret
+
+LAMBERT (P.) et Cie--
+    109 Rue de Paris, Puteaux
+    36 Rue Vitruve, Paris
+
+LE BRUN ET LECOMTE, 14 Rue Victor-Hugo, Puteaux
+
+LIOTARD Freres, 22 Rue de Lorraine, Paris
+
+LORTHIOY (E.), 9 Avenue du Clos, St. Maur-les-Fosses
+
+MARCHAL (A.), 9 Rue de l'Hotel-de-Ville, Neuilly-sur-Seine
+
+MONTBARBON (Société Anonyme), 47 _bis_, Rue de Villiers,
+Neuilly-sur-Seine (_Loziano_)
+
+MONNET & MOYNE, 11 Rue Torricelli, Paris
+
+MOREUX (G.) & Cie, 24 Rue Fromont, Lyon (_G.M._)
+
+OSSANT Freres, 29 Rue Arago, Puteaux
+
+PRINI ET BERTHAUD, 23 Rue Servan, Paris
+
+PROUX, Boulevard Pont-Ochard, Poitiers
+
+RADIATORS ET RÉFRIGÉRATUERS (Société des), 54 Rue de la Chapelle,
+Saint-Ouen (_Sans Soudure_)
+
+SCHLEY (A.) Et Cie, 204 Rue Saint-Maur (_Loyal_)
+
+SERROVAL (De) Et MASSE, 17 Rue David, Lyon
+
+TOPOLSKI, 53 Boulevard de Belleville, Paris
+
+VIGNEAUX, 5 Rue Bacon, Paris
+
+
+~ITALIAN.~
+
+ALGOSTINO, BALAGNA, MAGNINO & Cia, 107 Madama Cristina, Turin
+
+BONO & Co. (Societa Italiana), 54 Corso Porta, Vittoria, Milan
+
+GALIMBERTI, 20 Via Senato, Milan
+
+
+~SPANISH.~
+
+COROMINAS (Ricardo), 45 Torrente de la Olla, Barcelona
+
+
+~SWISS.~
+
+HENNEBERG & DEY, à la Jonction, Geneve-Frontenex
+
+
+~U.S.A.~
+
+AERIAL NAVIGATION Co., of AMERICA, Girard, Kansas (_Call._)
+
+EL. ARCO Co., 6 East 31st Street, New York
+
+KINSEY MFTG. Co., Dayton, Ohio
+
+LIVINGSTONE RADIATOR Co., 6 East 31st Street, New York
+
+LONG MFTG. Co., 1430 Michigan Avenue, Chicago
+
+MAYO RADIATOR Co., New Haven, Con.
+
+McCORD & Co., 1400 and 1440 Old Colony Buildings, Chicago
+
+MOTOR COMPONENTS MFTG. Co., 119 E. Walnut Street, Desmoines, Iowa
+
+ROME-TURNEY RADIATOR Co., East 31st Street, New York
+
+WOLVERINE RADIATOR Co., 124 Sidney Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
+
+
+
+
+~ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF AEROPLANES.~
+
+Abbreviations:--Aust=Austro-Hungarian; Bel=Belgian; Brit.=British;
+Ger.=German; Ital.=Italian; Jap.=Japanese; Rou.=Roumanian; Rus.=Russian.
+
+
+  ~A~
+  Aeros., Brit., 37
+  Aerial Exhibition Co., U.S.A., 207
+  Aerial Yacht Co., U.S.A., 207
+  Aircraft Factory "B. E." Brit., 37
+  Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Brit., 37
+  Albatross, Ger., 131
+  American Aeroplane Supply House, U.S.A., 207
+  Antoni, Ital., 172
+  Ask, Swede, 197
+  Asteria, Ital., 172
+  Aviatik, Ger., 133
+  Avro, Brit., 38
+
+  ~B~
+  Baldwin, U.S.A., 208
+  Bayard-Clement, 87
+  Behueghe, Bel., 28
+  Benoist, U.S.A., 209
+  Blackburn, Brit., 40
+  Blair Atholl, Brit., 42
+  Bleriot, French,  81
+  Boland, U.S.A., 209
+  Borel, French, 83
+  Bracke, A. Bel., 28
+  Breguet, French, 84
+  Bristol, Brit., 42
+  Bronislawski, Rus., 190
+  Burgess, U.S.A., 210
+  Burgess-Curtis, U.S.A., 211
+  Burgess-Wright, U.S.A., 210
+
+  ~C~
+  Calderara, Ital., 173
+  Caproni, Ital., 174
+  Caudron, French, 66
+  Chiribiri, Ital., 174
+  Christmas, U.S.A., 212
+  Clement Bayard, French, 87
+  Cody, Brit., 45
+  Cooke, U.S.A., 212
+  Coventry Ordnance Co., Brit., 46
+  Curtiss, U.S.A., 213
+
+  ~D~
+  Dahlbeck, Swede., 197
+  D'Artois, French, 88
+  De Brouckere, Dutch, 28
+  De la Hault, Bel., 28
+  Deperdussin, French, 89
+  Donnet-Leveque, French, 90
+  Doutre, French, 91
+  Dorner, Ger., 134
+  Dunne, Brit., 47
+  Dux, Rus., 190
+
+  ~E~
+  Etrich, Ger., 134
+  Etrich, Aust., 18
+  Euler, Ger., 135
+  Ewen, Brit., 48
+
+  ~F~
+  Farman, H., French, 92
+  Farman, M., French, 92
+  Ferguson, Brit., 48
+  Fokker, Dutch, 72
+  Fokker, Ger., 136
+  Friuli, Ital., 175
+
+  ~G~
+  Gallaudet, U.S.A., 214
+  Geltouchow, Rus., 190
+  Goedecker, Ger., 138
+  Goupy, French, 94
+  Grade, Ger., 138
+  Grahame-White, Brit., 49
+  Grandjean, Swiss., 199
+  Guidoni, Ital., 175
+
+  ~H~
+  Handley Page, Brit., 50
+  Hanriot, French, 95
+  Hansa Taube, Ger., 138
+  Hanuschke, Ger., 140
+  Harlan, Ger., 139
+  Harel, Bel., 28
+  Howard-Flanders, Brit., 51
+
+  ~I~
+  Internat. Ae. Con. Co., U.S.A., 217
+
+  ~J~
+  Jatho, Ger., 140
+  Jeannin, Ger., 141
+
+  ~K~
+  Kahnt, Ger., 141
+  Kennedy, Rus., 190
+  Kirkham, U.S.A., 215
+  Kondor, Ger., 142
+  Kuhlstein, Ger., 142
+
+  ~L~
+  Lake Flying Co., Brit., 53
+  Loening, U.S.A., 215
+  Lohner-Daimler, Aust., 19
+
+  ~M~
+  Mars, Ger., 143
+  Martinsyde, Brit., 53
+  McCurdy, Canada, 64
+  Mercep, Aust., 20
+  Monnier-Harper, Dutch, 72
+  Morane-Saulnier, French, 96
+  Moreau, French, 97
+  Mrozinski, Ger., 143
+
+  ~N~
+  Narahara, Jap., 181
+  Nieuport, French, 98
+  Nyrop, Swede, 197
+
+  ~O~
+  Oertz, Ger., 144
+  Otto, Ger., 144
+
+  ~P~
+  Paulhan-Curtiss, French, 99
+  Pega-Emich, Ger., 145
+  Piggott, Brit., 54
+  Pippart-Noll, Ger., 145
+  Pischoff, French, 99
+
+  ~R~
+  Radley-England, Brit., 54
+  Rep, French, 100
+  Rodjestveisky, Rus., 190
+  Rumpler, Ger., 146
+  Ruth-Rohde, Ger., 147
+
+  ~S~
+  Sanchez Besa, French, 101
+  Savary, French, 102
+  Schelies, Ger., 147
+  Schultze, Ger., 148
+  Sellers, U.S.A., 215
+  Short, Brit., 54
+  Sigismund, Ger., 148
+  Sloan, French, 103
+  Sloane, U.S.A., 215
+  Sommer, French, 104
+  Sopwith, Brit., 57
+
+  ~T~
+  Taddeoli, Swiss, 199
+  Thomas, U.S.A., 216
+  Tokogawa, Jap., 181
+  Train, French, 105
+  Tubavion, French, 105
+
+  ~U~
+  Union Flugzeugwerke, Ger., 149
+
+  ~V~
+  Van den Burg, Dutch, 72
+  Vickers, Brit., 58
+  Vinet, French, 106
+  Vlaiclu, Rou., 187
+  Voisin, French, 107
+  Vreedenburgh, Dutch, 72
+
+  ~W~
+  Warchalowski, Aust., 21
+  Washington Co., U.S.A., 217
+  Wetterwald, Swiss, 199
+  White, Brit., 59
+  Whitehead, Aust., 21
+  Williams, Bel., 28
+  Wittemann, U.S.A., 217
+  Wright, Ger., 150
+  Wright, U.S.A., 218-219
+
+  ~Z~
+  Ziegler, Ger., 150
+  Ziegler, Aust., 21
+  Zodiac, French, 108
+
+
+
+
+~ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF DIRIGIBLES.~
+
+
+  Adjutant Reau, French, 109, 113
+  Adjutant Re Vincennot, French, 109, 113
+  Astra, French, 111
+  Astra Torres, British, 60
+  Astra Torres, French, 115
+  Astra III, Russian, 193
+  Astra Transaerien-Ville de Pau-Ville de Lucerne, French, 111
+  Astra Ville de Pau, French, 111
+  Ausonia, Italian, 179
+
+  Beta, British, 60
+  Boemcher II, Austrian, 23
+
+  Capitaine Ferber, French, 109
+  Capitan Maréchal, French, 109
+  Citta di Milano, Italian, 177
+  Clement Bayard VI. French, 109
+  Clement Bayard, Russian, 191
+  Colonel Renard, French, 109, 112
+  Commandant Coutelle, French, 109
+
+  Delta, British, 60
+  Deutschland, German, 151
+  Dupuy-de-Lôme, French, 117
+
+  Eclaireur Conté, French, 109, 114
+  Epsilon, British, 60
+  Ersatz Deutschland, German, 166
+  Espana, Spanish, 195
+
+  Fleurus, French, 109
+  Forszmann, Russian, 271
+
+  Gamma, British, 60
+
+  Hausa, German, 167
+
+  Italia, Italian, 179
+
+  Jastreb, Russian, 191
+
+  Kommissiony, Russian, 191
+  Korting-Wimpassing, Austrian, 24
+
+  La Belgique II & III, Belgian, 29, 30
+  Lebaudy-Juillot 6, Austrian, 23
+  Lebedj, Russian, 191
+  Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, 179
+  Le Temps, French, 109
+  Liberté, French, 109
+  Lieut. Chaure, French, 109, 113
+  L I, German, 151
+  L II, German, 151
+  Le Temps, French, 122
+  Liberte, French, 109
+
+  M I, German, 154
+  M II, German, 154
+  M III, German, 154
+  M IV, German, 155
+  Mannsbarth, Austrian, 24
+
+  P I, German, 151
+  P II _Ersatz_, German, 151
+  P III, German, 151
+  P IV, German, 151
+  P. L I, German, 151
+  P. L 9, German, 151
+  P. L XII, German, 151
+  P. L 10, German, 151
+  Parseval, Austrian, 25
+  Parseval, British, 160
+  Parseval, German, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161
+  Parseval, Italian, 177
+  Parseval, Japanese, 182
+
+  Ruthenberg II, III, German, 162
+
+  Sachsen, German, 151
+  Schütte-Lanz I & II, German, 163
+  S. L I, German, 151
+  S. L II, German, 151
+  Selle de Beauchamp, French, 109
+  Spiess, French, 109
+  Stollwerck, German, 151
+  Suchard, German, 163
+  S. I. II, German, 151
+  Suchard, German, 151
+
+  Torres-Quevedo II, Spanish, 195
+  Transaerienne II, French, 113
+
+  Usuelli, Italian, 179
+
+  Vanniman, 329
+  Viktoria Luise, German, 166
+  Ville de Bruxelles, Belgian, 330
+  Ville de Lucerne, French, 111
+  Ville de Paris, French, 110
+
+  Willows, British, 60
+
+  Yamada, Japanese, 182
+
+  Z I, German, 151
+  Z II, German, 151
+  Z III, German, 151
+  Z IV, German, 151
+  Zeppelin, German, 164, 165, 166
+  Zodiac III, French, 120
+  Zodiac XII, French, 125
+
+
+
+
+The Celebrated "Bristol" Aeroplanes.
+
+Contractors to the majority of leading governments of the world.
+
+Contractors to h. m. war office and admiralty.
+
+
+=LEARN TO FLY=
+AT THE
+_"BRISTOL SCHOOLS"_
+AT SALISBURY PLAIN and BROOKLANDS.
+
+=TUITION=
+ _is given on all the latest type
+ "BRISTOL" MACHINES, including:_
+ _80 H.P. MILITARY MONOPLANES._
+ _50 H.P. MILITARY MONOPLANES._
+ _50 H.P. SIDE-BY-SIDE SCHOOL MONOPLANES._
+ _TRACTOR BIPLANES & SCHOOL BIPLANES._
+
+SPECIAL FACILITIES AND REDUCED FEES TO SERVICE OFFICERS.
+
+WRITE FOR INFORMATION:
+ THE BRITISH & COLONIAL AEROPLANE Co., Ltd.,
+ FILTON, BRISTOL, ENG.
+
+
+"EMPYREAN" POLICY
+
+_INSURING PILOTS OF AEROPLANES AGAINST_
+
+ FIRE & EXPLOSION.      ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE.    DAMAGE DURING TRANSIT.
+ THIRD PARTY CLAIMS.    INJURY TO PILOTS.     INJURY TO EMPLOYEES.
+
+[Illustration]
+CAR & GENERAL
+INSURANCE CORPORATION, LIMITED.
+
+HEAD OFFICE:
+ 1, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET (BANK), LONDON, E.C.
+
+ NET INCOME, £290,000.
+ LIQUID ASSETS nearly £200,000.
+
+
+                                       _BRANCH OFFICES._
+
+ ~ABERDEEN~--245, Union Street
+ ~BEDFORD~--17, St. Paul's Square
+ ~BIRMINGHAM~--Prince's Chambers, 6 Corporation Street
+ ~BRADFORD~--Prudential Buildings, Ivegate
+ ~BRIGHTON~--18, Queen's Road
+ ~BRISTOL~--West India House, Bristol Bridge
+ ~CARDIFF~--1, Bank Buildings (Ground Floor), St. Mary St.
+ ~CROYDON~--52, North End
+ ~DUBLIN~--33, Dawson Street
+ ~DUNDEE~--14, Barrack Street
+ ~EALING~--19, The Broadway
+ ~EDINBURGH~--87, Shandwick Place
+ ~EXETER~--28, Gandy Street
+ ~GLASGOW~--163, West George Street
+ ~HANLEY~--P.O. Chambers, Crown Bank
+ ~HULL~--Walton Chambers, 48 Jameson Street
+ ~IPSWICH~--St Mildred's Chambers, Cornhill
+ ~KENT~--137-138, High Street, Bromley
+ ~LEEDS~--Yorkshire Post Chambers, Albion Street
+ ~LEICESTER~--1, Horsefair Street
+ ~LIVERPOOL~--2, South John Street (Lord Street Corner)
+ ~LONDON, N.E.~--124, High Street, Shoreditch
+ ~"       MID.~--379, Strand, W.C.
+ ~"       S.~--222, Great Dover Street, S.E.
+ ~"       S.W.~--222, Great Dover Street, S.E.
+ ~"       W.~--1, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly
+ ~MANCHESTER~--1, Princess Street, Albert Square
+ ~NEWCASTLE~--Pearl Buildings, Northumberland Street
+ ~NORTHAMPTON~--Market Square
+ ~NOTTINGHAM~--Westminster Buildings, Theatre Square
+ ~PLYMOUTH~--90, Old Town Street
+ ~READING~--Broadway Buildings, Station Road
+ ~RICHMOND~--26, Hill Street
+ ~SHEFFIELD~--King's Chambers, Angel St.
+ ~SOUTHAMPTON~--Blenheim Chambers, Above Bar (the Junction)
+
+_WE ARE THE PIONEERS AND LEADERS IN ALL INSURANCE FACILITIES FOR MOTORISTS._
+
+MORE THAN MONEY INDEMNITY.
+
+Our ~35~ Branch Offices in charge of skilled Salaried Official, our
+Engineering Staff wholly in the service of the Corporation, our expert
+Claims Staff everywhere, and the fact that we are the Pioneers and
+Originators of all the Insurance Facilities now enjoyed by Motorists,
+enable us to offer something more than money indemnity; we can, and do,
+protect a motorist in a thousand ways, unobtainable elsewhere, by means
+of our experience and splendid organisation, and yet we only charge
+~competitive rates of Premiums~.
+
+
+
+
+ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ADVERTISERS.
+
+
+                                                       PAGE
+  Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd.                          xii
+  Barbet-Massin, Popelin & Cie (_France_)                xi
+  Blackburn Aeroplane Co.                               vii
+  Branger (_France_)                                   xiii
+  Bray, Gibb & Co., Ltd.                                 ix
+  British & Colonial Aeroplane Co., Lt   inside front cover
+  Burberrys'                                            vii
+  Car & General Insurance Corporation, Ltd.              ii
+  Coan, Robert W.                                        vi
+  Continental Tyre & Rubber Co., (Gt. Britain) Ltd.     vii
+  Cox, G.H. & Co., Ltd.                                  vi
+  Crosby Lockwood & Son                                  vi
+  Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (_France_)                 v
+  Drummond Bros., Ltd.                                 viii
+  Eisemann Magneto Co.                                  xii
+  _Fighting Ships_                                      xiv
+  "Geographia," Ltd.                                     vi
+  Hasler Co., The                                      viii
+  Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd.                              xi
+  Hoyt Metal Company of Great Britain, Ltd.              vi
+  Jones Brothers, Ltd.                                   xi
+  Kemp Machine Works (_U.S.A._)                        xiii
+  Knowles Oxygen Co., Ltd.                              vii
+  Mallinson, Wm. & Sons, Ltd.                            ix
+  Martin & Handasyde                                      x
+  Mea Magneto Co., Ltd.                                xiii
+  Owen, Joseph & Sons, Ltd.                              xi
+  Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd.                              xi
+  Pratt's Motor Spirit                                  xii
+  Rogers Brothers                                  xi & xiv
+  Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd.                      xiv
+  Sopwith Aviation Co.                                   ix
+  Stanley, Popplewell & Co.                             vii
+  Thorn & Hoddle Acetylene Co., Ltd.                   viii
+  Valdenaire, H., Adenet & Cie (_France_).             xiii
+  Vandervell, C.A. & Co.                               viii
+  Vickers, Ltd.                                          xv
+  White & Poppe, Ltd.                                   vii
+  Whiteman & Moss, Ltd.                                viii
+  Wolseley Tool & Motor Car Co., Ltd.                    vi
+
+
+
+
+CLASSIFIED INDEX OF ADVERTISERS.
+
+
+  ~Accessories.~                                       PAGE
+
+  Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd.                          xii
+  Barbet-Massin, Popelin & Cie (_France_)                xi
+  Coan, Robert W.                                        vi
+  Eisemann Magneto Co.                                  xii
+  "Geographia," Ltd.                                     vi
+  Hasler Co., The                                      viii
+  Jones Brothers, Ltd.                                   xi
+  Mallinson, Wm. & Sons, Ltd.                            ix
+  Mea Magneto Co., Ltd.                                xiii
+  Owen, Joseph & Sons, Ltd.                              xi
+  Piggott Brothers & Co., Ltd.                           xi
+  Pratt's Motor Spirit                                  xii
+  Rogers Brothers                                  xi & xiv
+  Valdenaire, H., Adenet & Cie (_France_)              xiii
+  Vandervell, C.A., & Co.                              viii
+  White & Poppe, Ltd.                                   vii
+  Whiteman & Moss, Ltd.                                viii
+
+  ~Aeroplane Builders.~
+
+  Blackburn Aeroplane Co.                               vii
+  British & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., inside front cover
+  Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (_France_)                 v
+  Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd.                              xi
+  Martin & Handasyde                                      x
+  Sopwith Aviation Co.                                   ix
+  Vickers, Ltd.                                          xv
+
+  ~Aluminium.~
+
+  Coan, Robert W.                                        vi
+
+  ~Aviation Garments.~
+
+  Burberrys'                                            vii
+
+  ~Bearings.~
+
+  Hoyt Metal Co., Ltd.                                   vi
+
+  ~Castings.~
+
+  Coan, Robert W.                                        vi
+
+  ~Carburettors.~
+
+  White & Poppe, Ltd.                                   vii
+
+  ~Dynamos.~
+
+  Eisemann Magneto Co.                                  xii
+
+  ~Electric Lighting.~
+
+  Vandervell, C.A., & Co.                              viii
+
+  ~Engines.~
+
+  Kemp Machine Works (_U.S.A._)                        xiii
+  Wolseley Tool & Motor Car Co., Ltd.                    vi
+
+  ~Fabrics.~
+
+  Barbet-Massin, Poplin & Cie (_France_)                 xi
+  Continental Tyre & Rubber Co. (Gt. Britain) Ltd.      vii
+  Jones Brothers, Ltd.                                   xi
+  Rogers Brothers                                  xi & xiv
+  Valdenaire, H., Adenet & Cie (_France_)              xiii
+
+  ~Flying Schools.~
+
+  Blackburn Aeroplane Co.                               vii
+  British & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., inside front cover
+  Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (_France_)                 v
+  Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd.                              xi
+  Martin & Handasyde                                      x
+  Sopwith Aviation Co.                                   ix
+  Vickers, Ltd.                                          xv
+
+  ~Garage.~
+
+  Cox, G.H. & Co., Ltd.                                  vi
+
+  ~Hangar and Shed Builders.~
+
+  Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd.                              xi
+
+  ~Hardwoods.~
+
+  Mallinson, William & Sons                              ix
+  Owen, Joseph & Sons, Ltd.                              xi
+
+  ~Hydrogen.~
+
+  Knowles Oxygen Co.                                    vii
+
+  ~Indicators.~
+
+  Hasler Co., The                                      viii
+
+  ~Insurance.~
+
+  Bray, Gibb & Co., Ltd.                                 ix
+  Car & General Insurance Corporation, Ltd.              ii
+
+  ~Life Saving Vests.~
+
+  Rogers Brothers                                  xi & xiv
+
+  ~Machine Tools.~
+
+  Drummond Bros. Ltd.                                  viii
+
+  ~Magnetos.~
+
+  Eisemann Magneto Co.                                  xii
+  Mea Magneto Co., Ltd.                                xiii
+
+  ~Maps (specially designed).~
+
+  "Geographia," Ltd.                                     vi
+
+  ~Motor Spirit.~
+
+  Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd.                          xii
+  Pratt's Motor Spirit                                  xii
+
+  ~Patent Agents.~
+
+  Stanley, Popplewell & Co.                             vii
+
+  ~Photographer.~
+
+  Branger (_France_)                                   xiii
+
+  ~Publishers.~
+
+  Crosby Lockwood & Son                                  vi
+  "Geographia," Ltd.                                     vi
+  Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd.                      xiv
+
+  ~Stabilisateurs.~
+
+  Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation                            v
+
+  ~Tuition.~
+
+  Blackburn Aeroplane Co.                               vii
+  British & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., inside front cover
+  Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (_France_)                 v
+  Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd.                              xi
+  Martin & Handasyde                                      x
+  Sopwith Aviation Co.                                   ix
+  Vickers, Ltd.                                          xv
+
+  ~Welding.~
+
+  Thorn & Hoddle Acetylene Co., Ltd.                   viii
+
+
+[Illustration: _ECOLE MILITAIRE DE CORBEAULIEU._]
+
+[Illustration: _STABILISATEUR DOUTRE._]
+
+[Illustration: _AÉROPLANE DOUTRE._]
+
+
+_BIPLANS TRIPLACES_
+
+_les mieux construits, les plus surs et automatiquement stabilisés_
+
+_ECOLE CIVILE ET MILITAIRE_
+
+_Aerodrome de Corbeaulieu près Compiègne France._
+
+_S^{té} des APPAREILS d'AVIATION DOUTRE_
+
+_Fournisseurs des armées Françaises et Etrangires._
+
+  _LE SUEL_
+  _STABILISATEUR_
+  _AUTOMATIQUE PESANT_
+  _TOUT ÉQUIPÉ DOUZE À QUINZE_
+  _KILOGS ET AYANT FAIT SES PREUVES_
+  _PAR PLUS DE DEUX MILLE VOLS SANS ACCIDENT._
+  _APPLICABLE À TOUS LES AÉROPLANES ET HYDROAÉROPLANES._
+
+_SÉCURITÉ ABSOLUE, VOL PAR TOUS LES TEMPS._
+
+  CATALOGUE FRANCO SUR DEMANDE - FETTERER DIRECTEUR GÉNÉRAL.
+  58 RUE TAITBOUT. PARIS.
+  TÉLÉPH CENTRAL 37-53.
+
+
+Aluminium Castings
+
+FOR MOTORS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
+2 H.P. to 200 H.P.
+
+CAST ALUMINIUM MOTOR
+NUMBER PLATES
+(Regulation Size).
+
+  LA.1742
+  R·5077
+
+BRIGHT POLISHED FIGURES AND BEADED EDGES, WITH DEAD BLACK BACK GROUND.
+
+Send for particulars of my new COMBINED TOURING PLATE (Reg.)
+
+  Telegrams: "KRANKASES," ISLING, LONDON.
+  Telephones: 3846 City.    4879 Central.
+
+  Coan
+  Casts
+  Clean
+  Crank
+  Cases
+
+ON ADMIRALTY AND WAR OFFICE LISTS.
+
+  ROBERT W. COAN,
+  _THE ALUMINIUM FOUNDRY,_
+  219, GOSWELL ROAD, E.C.
+
+[Illustration: THE SOCIETY OF MOTOR MANUFACTURERS & TRADERS]
+
+
+WOLSELEY LIGHT Aero Motors
+
+  60 H.P. and 120 H.P. (water cooled).
+  60-80 H.P. (combined air and water cooled.)
+
+Catalogue free on application to
+
+  THE WOLSELEY TOOL AND
+  MOTOR CAR Co., Ltd.
+
+  Proprietors: VICKERS, Limited,
+  ADDERLEY PARK, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+  "Geographia," Ltd.
+  33, STRAND, W.C.
+
+SPECIALISTS IN AVIATION ACCESSORIES.
+
+  Alexander Cross - ANTI-DRIFT COMPASS
+     "        "   - BEARING FINDER
+     "        "   - MAP CASE
+
+"GEOGRAPHIA" BAROGRAPHS and HEIGHT RECORDERS.
+
+MAPS FOR AVIATORS DRAWN TO ORDER.
+
+AVIATION MAPS FROM AERODROME TO AERODROME ALWAYS IN STOCK.
+
+ASK FOR ILLUSTRATED PRICE LIST.
+
+  Telegraphic Address:--"Geografo, London."
+  Telephone 4965 City.
+
+
+=G. H. Cox & Co., Ltd.=
+
+  CASTLE ROAD,
+  SOUTHSEA,
+  :: HANTS. ::
+
+  LARGEST GARAGE IN ::
+  THE SOUTH OF ENGLAND.
+
+
+[Illustration: HOYT METAL CO. LONDON
+THE FORMER UNREGISTERABLE BRAND
+ICE - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE REG.
+LINING METAL
+
+HOYT METAL CO.
+COPPER HARDENED.
+
+HAS BEEN ABANDONED TO IMITATORS.]
+
+TRIAL INGOTS CHEERFULLY SUPPLIED.
+
+RECENT||RECORDS:
+
+A.B.C. (AERO) 45 H.P. ENGINE--8 HRS. 23 MIN. TALBOT 25 H.P. CAR--103-3/4
+MILES IN 1 HOUR. PEUGEOT 30 H.P. CAR--106-1/5 MILES IN 1 HOUR.
+
+DIE-CAST BEARINGS FOR REPETITION WORK.
+
+  THE HOYT METAL CO.
+  OF GREAT BRITAIN, LIMITED.
+  26, BILLITER STREET, LONDON, E.C.
+
+
+TWO IMPORTANT BOOKS ON AVIATION.
+
+180 Pages, with Diagrams. Crown 8vo. ~3s. 6d.~ net.
+
+THE AVIATION POCKET BOOK for 1913.
+
+Containing amongst other valuable information, the Theory and Design of
+the Aeroplane, Structural Material, Examples of Actual Machines, &c.,
+&c.
+
+By R. BORLASE MATTHEWS, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., _Member of the Royal Aero
+Club_.
+
+CONTENTS: Air Pressure and Resistance--Aeroplane Theory and
+Design--Structural Materials--Engines--Examples of Actual
+Machines--Piloting and Aerial Navigation--Meteorological Data--Military
+Information and Signalling--Aero Clubs and Societies--Glossary of Terms
+used in Flying.
+
+Extract from Reviews: "_... a large amount of information is included in
+these various chapters and the diagrams and curves used to illustrate
+the texture some of the plainest and most easily understood that we have
+ever seen in a book of this class ... generally speaking the data given
+would appear just such as are not contained in other books of
+reference._"--Engineer.
+
+"_The Book is one which we are sure many will find useful and
+convenient._"--Engineering.
+
+
+Popular Edition. 294 pages. 95 Illustrations and Dimensioned Drawings.
+Demy 8vo. cloth 5s. net.
+
+THE ART OF AVIATION.
+
+A Handbook upon Aeroplanes and their Engines, with Notes upon Propellers.
+
+By R. W. A. BREWER, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E., &c.
+
+"_... Those who for the present have no intention of trusting themselves
+on the wings of an aeroplane will still find the book of value; those
+who already are engrossed in the study of aeronautics cannot afford to
+ignore it._"--Engineering.
+
+_Complete List, Post Free, from_
+
+  London: CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON,
+  7, Stationer's Hall Court, E.C., & 5, Broadway, Westminster, S.W.
+
+
+_Dependability_
+
+In carburettors there is no greater
+essential than dependability, and--
+
+The dependability of the White & Poppe is such as
+ensures a never-failing and invariable efficiency.
+
+That's why it is the favourite with many of the leading Airmen of the day.
+
+Our Booklet describes it fully, and we shall be delighted to send you copy.
+
+  WHITE & POPPE, LTD.,
+  COVENTRY,
+  ENG.
+
+_White & Poppe
+Carburettor_
+
+
+BURBERRY AEROPLANE
+EQUIPMENT.
+
+~DESIGNED BY EXPERTS~ is workmanlike both in
+design and detail, and permits absolute
+freedom for arms and limbs. Made in wind
+and weatherproof Gabardine, lined throughout with
+Camel Fleece or Quilted Eiderdown, it maintains
+phenomenal warmth under the severest conditions.
+
+~BURBERRY GABARDINE~ is remarkably airylight,
+yet affords perfect protection against wind,
+cold or rain, and is so strong that broken stays
+cannot penetrate its dense texture.
+
+~Mr. C. Grahame-White~:--"_I take this opportunity
+of thanking you for the suit I wore on my memorable
+flight and feel I cannot recommend the material too
+highly where warmth and comfort are required._"
+
+  BURBERRYS Haymarket, S.W., LONDON;
+  Boulevard Malesherbes, PARIS;
+  Basingstoke and appointed Agents in Provincial Towns.
+
+[Illustration: Burberry Aeroplane Outfit.]
+
+
+SPECIFY
+"Continental"
+RUBBER-PROOFED
+MATERIAL.
+
+IT COMBINES
+MAXIMUM RESISTANCE
+WITH
+ENORMOUS STRENGTH,
+AND IS UNAFFECTED BY
+ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS.
+
+WRITE FOR LIST, FREE ON REQUEST.
+
+Continental Tyre & Rubber Co. (Gt. Britain) Ld.
+3/4, THURLOE PLACE, LONDON, S.W.
+
+
+BLACKBURN
+
+AEROPLANES,
+HYDROPLANES
+AND
+PROPELLERS.
+
+Write for Prices and Particulars to
+
+  THE BLACKBURN AEROPLANE Co.,
+  BALM RD., LEEDS.
+
+  'Phone,
+  2822 Central.
+
+  Telegrams: "PROPELLERS," Leeds.
+
+
+HYDROGEN
+
+GUARANTEED 99% PURE.
+LIFTS 70-1/2 LBS. PER 1000 CUBIC FT.
+
+THE
+KNOWLES OXYGEN Co.
+LIMITED,
+
+WOLVERHAMPTON
+AND
+BROMBOROUGH (CHESHIRE).
+
+
+PATENTS.
+
+Stanley, Popplewell & Co.,
+
+=INTERNATIONAL AND  -  -
+CHARTERED PATENT AGENTS.=
+
+  _38, CHANCERY LANE,
+  LONDON, W.C._
+
+_Aero and Motor Patents a Specialty._
+
+Instructive leaflet free to any address.
+
+  Telephone, 1763 Central
+  Telegrams: "NOTIONS, London."      Estab. 1879.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+We specialise in Light Machine Tools for use in portable workshops, such
+as are used in connection with aircraft. The above is a photograph of a
+Travelling Workshop equipped with our 5 in. lathe and Radial Drill, both
+of which tools are fitted with treadle and electric motor drive. Full
+particulars of machines and installations furnished on application.
+
+[Illustration: 5 in. Centre Screw Cutting, Surfacing and Boring Lathe
+here shewn, with counter shaft for power. With counter shaft or treadle
+drive. Price £44.]
+
+[Illustration: Light treadle driven Radial Drill, taking up to 1 in.
+drills (1/2 in. shank.) This machine is of special design, a patented
+form of high speed drive giving ample power for drilling by foot. With
+treadle and fast and loose pulley. Price £24 15s.]
+
+Also 4 in., 3-1/2 in., 6 in., 7-1/2 in., 9 in. lathes, etc.
+
+  _DRUMMOND BROS. LTD., REDE WORKS,_
+  GUILDFORD, SURREY.
+
+'Phone 153, Guildford. Telegrams: "Lathes, Stoughton."
+
+
+"TEL" REVOLUTION SPEED INDICATORS.
+Approved and used by the British Admiralty.
+
+Owing to its conjugate movement it is accurate, possesses a uniform
+    graduated dial and is not affected by vibration or variation of
+    temperature.
+
+Indicates with the same accuracy high and low speeds.
+
+Independent of variable strains, friction.
+
+Not damaged should maximum speed of dial be exceeded.
+
+Rain and dust-proof.
+
+Requires no upkeep or adjustment of mechanism.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Tel.
+431
+Victoria.
+
+  THE HASLER COMPANY,
+  26, Victoria St., Westminster, LONDON, S.W.
+
+
+C·A·V·
+
+is the ~proved~ system of electric Lighting for Cars. The consistent
+reliability and efficiency of the C.A.V. Lighting Sets is vouched for by
+the owners of the 15,000 cars on which the system has been adopted. It
+is essentially the "no trouble" system; simple, safe and certain. Send
+for our illustrated Blue Book, fully explanatory and free.
+
+_C. A. VANDERVELL & Co._,
+
+  WARPLE WAY,  ACTON VALE,
+  LONDON, W.
+
+  Telephones:
+  1234 {Chiswick
+       {(5 LINES)
+
+  Telegrams:
+    "Vanteria,"
+    London.
+
+
+Whiteman & Moss, Ltd.
+
+  15, BATEMAN STREET,
+  DEAN STREET, W.,
+
+LONDON, England.
+
+  Telephone Gerrard 6824.
+  Telegrams: Whitomoss
+
+         {Premier.
+  Codes  {Lieber.
+         {A.B.C. 5th Edition.
+
+=Speciality=:
+WIRE STRAINERS, EYEBOLTS, FERRULES, ETC.
+SCREWED WORK FOR ALL PURPOSES.
+
+Accuracy & Promptitude
+
+
+SPÉCIALITÉ
+de Passoires en toile métallique. de tire-fonds,
+de Viroles, etc.
+
+Objets filetés en tous genres.
+
+PRÉCISION    et    RAPIDITÉ.
+
+
+THE LEADING
+AIRCRAFT BUILDERS
+ALL use the
+"INCANTO"
+(LOW PRESSURE)
+OXY-ACETYLENE
+WELDING
+APPLIANCES.
+
+SOLE  MANUFACTURERS
+
+  THORN & HODDLE ACETYLENE CO. L^{TD}.
+  151 VICTORIA   S^T.
+  LONDON, S.W.
+
+
+INSURANCE.
+
+The Primus Aviation Policy at Lloyd's
+
+OFFICIALLY APPROVED BY
+THE ROYAL AERO CLUB.
+
+For Advice on:--
+
+AVIATION, LIFE, PERSONAL ACCIDENT,
+3rd PARTY, EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY,
+MOTOR, and all Classes of Insurance
+communicate  with
+
+  _BRAY, GIBB & Co., Ltd.,_
+    166, PICCADILLY,
+              LONDON, W.
+
+
+  Telegrams--"SOPWITH KINGSTON."
+  Telephone--1177, KINGSTON.
+
+_SOPWITH AVIATION Co._
+
+THE SOPWITH MACHINES hold the British RECORDS for:
+  _DURATION_         _8 hours 23 minutes._
+  _ALTITUDE_         _11,450 feet._
+
+Undergoing War Office Tests, the SOPWITH 80 h.p.
+TRACTOR BIPLANE gave better results than any
+aeroplane of whatever nationality previously tested.
+
+_OFFICES AND WORKS:_
+
+CANBURY PARK ROAD, KINGSTON ON THAMES.
+
+CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY.
+
+MANUFACTURERS OF AEROPLANES AND HYDRO-AEROPLANES
+
+
+HARDWOODS FOR AEROPLANES.
+
+UNEQUALLED FACILITIES FOR SUPPLYING PERFECT TIMBER.
+SPECIAL SKILL AND GREAT EXPERIENCE DEVOTED TO ORDERS FOR AEROPLANE WOODS.
+ALL KINDS OF HARDWOODS IN PLANKS, OR CUT AND PLANED TO SIZE.
+
+Testimonials from successful Aviators.
+
+WILLIAM MALLINSON & SONS, Limited,
+
+TIMBER & VENEER MERCHANTS (Direct Importers & Exporters),
+
+130-138, Hackney Road, LONDON, N.E.
+
+  Telegrams: "ALMONER," LONDON.    Telephone: 4770 LONDON WALL (2 Lines)
+                                   P.O. 3845 CENTRAL.
+                 CORRESPONDENCE IN ANY LANGUAGE.
+  PARIS: 7, Rue Titon.            ROTTERDAM: 22 Westzeeddijh.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+=_THE "MARTINSYDE"_=
+
+_120 H.P. TWO-SEATER, MILITARY TYPE MONOPLANE.
+Fuel Capacity for 6 HOURS' FLIGHT, at 85 miles per hour._
+
+  _Messrs. Martin & Handasyde,
+  BROOKLAND AVIATION GROUND,
+  WEYBRIDGE, SURREY, ENGLAND._
+
+  _Telegraphic & Cable Address:
+  "MARTINSYDE, WEYBRIDGE."_
+
+CONTRACTORS TO THE WAR OFFICE.
+
+  _Telephone No.
+  171 BYFLEET._
+
+
+"AVIATOR" RAMIE FABRICS
+
+FOR AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLE BALLOONS.
+
+Indisputably the ~strongest~, ~most durable~ and ~efficient~ of all
+known fabrics, and consequently adopted by H.M. War Office,
+and the leading ~Aircraft Constructors~ of the ~Universe~.
+
+Manufactured from China Grass by
+
+  La Maison Esnault-Pelterie (Paris)
+  Barbet-Massin, Popelin & Cie, Succrs.
+
+Contractors to the French Government.
+
+Sole agents for the United kingdom, British Colonies, and United States
+of America--
+
+  =_ROGERS BROTHERS,_=
+  _33, ALDERMANBURY,_
+  _LONDON, E.C._
+
+  Telephone: CENTRAL, 12164.
+  Telegrams and Cables: "EGYPTILLO, LONDON."
+  A.B.C. Code Used, 5th Edition.
+
+Write for Patterns and
+Particulars.
+
+
+  Cables and Telegrams: "PIGGOTT, LONDON."
+  A.B.C. Code. 5th Edition.
+  Telephone No. London Wall 4850 (Private Exchange).
+
+PIGGOTT BROTHERS & CO., LIMITED.
+
+Portable Canvas
+Aeroplane
+Sheds on Hire,
+for Prize Contests,
+Flying
+Meetings, etc.
+
+As used for
+the Gordon Bennett
+and "Daily
+Mail" Contests,
+Military Man[oe]vres,
+1911,
+and the Flying
+Meetings at
+
+Doncaster,
+Burton-on-Trent,
+Folkestone,
+etc., etc.
+
+[Illustration: Photo showing row of Canvas Sheds as erected at
+Brooklands for the Royal Aero Club, July, 1911.]
+
+Large Stock of Goods for Hire at Prize Contests, Flying Meetings, etc.,
+Judges' Boxes, Pylons, Ropes and Stakes for course, Canvas Fencing,
+Signal Masts, etc., etc.
+
+220, 222, 224, BISHOPSGATE, LONDON, E.C.
+
+
+
+  _Telephone 3811 HOP.
+  Telegrams: "BUCHERON."_
+
+Joseph Owen & Sons, L^{imited,}
+
+SUPPLY EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
+TIMBER
+FOR
+Aeroplanes, Hydroplanes, Airships.
+
+SEND YOUR ENQUIRIES TO
+199a, BOROUGH HIGH STREET, LONDON, SE.
+
+
+FLANDERS
+
+MONOPLANES & BIPLANES
+For Land or Water.
+
+  L. HOWARD-FLANDERS, LIMITED,
+    31, Townshend Terrace,
+           RICHMOND, Surrey.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+EISEMANN
+DYNAMO
+
+Although designed for use with accumulators--=gives results without=
+damaging filaments =without the use of accumulators=. Perfectly
+automatic in action. Used on the =Zeppelin=.
+
+  =Types= 8 volts 9 amps.
+         12 volts 15-20 amps.
+
+Eisemann Automatic
+Advance Magneto
+
+     Used on the Mercedes--Gnome--Schutte Lanz--Dixi, etc., etc.
+     Entirely weatherproof--advances and retards the spark periodicity
+     according to engine revolutions. Latest models as used on above
+     engines both single and dual.
+
+Fullest Particulars on hearing
+from you.
+
+THE EISEMANN MAGNETO Co.
+
+43, Berners Street, W.
+
+  Telegrams:--
+    Roussillon-ox, London.
+  Telephone 4601 City.
+  A.B.C. Code 5th Edition.
+
+  C. D. C.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+_The_ Aircraft of the World perform best on the best Spirit. The rapidly
+growing
+
+[Illustration:
+
+_Preference for_
+
+PRATT'S
+
+Perfection Motor Spirit
+
+among airmen is a repetition of history. In Motoring, on the Road, the
+consistent Purity and Reliability--the sheer, hard, practical Service of
+"Miles to the Gallon" has long established PRATT'S as the premier Motor
+Spirit.
+
+"_In Earth and Skie and Sea"--PRATT'S first shall be!_
+
+[Illustration: _By Appointment_]
+
+_In the Air, as on the Road, PRATT'S is "THE MOVING SPIRIT OF THE
+AGE!"_
+
+
+Telegraphic Address: "JONBRO," MANCHESTER.
+
+JONES BROTHERS
+
+LIMITED,
+
+  =Spinners & Manufacturers,=
+    12, YORK STREET,
+        Manchester.
+
+[Illustration: BEDFORD NEW MILLS, LEIGH, LANCASHIRE.]
+
+_THE "AERO" Cotton Fabrics for Aeroplanes._
+
+
+H. VALDENAIRE,
+ADENET & Cie.
+
+PARIS--21, Rue des Jeuneurs--PARIS.
+
+TISSUS DE GRANDE RÉSISTANCE
+
+FOURNISSEURS HABITUELS des PRINCIPALES MARQUES d'AVIATION et
+d'AEROSTATION
+
+
+KEMP MOTORS
+
+[Illustration]
+
+     Are air cooled and are the most efficient, economical and reliable
+     power plants on the market sold at reasonable prices. Built in four
+     sizes to meet all requirements from experimental purposes to
+     commercial use. ~FULL PARTICULARS ON REQUEST.~
+
+  KEMP MACHINE WORKS,
+  MUNCIE, INDIANA, U.S.A.
+
+
+"AFTER 13 HOURS UNDER WATER"
+
+the
+MEA
+
+(_The Magneto with the
+Bell-shaped Magnet_)
+
+RAN PERFECTLY.
+
+"One of your Magnetos delivered to us last year has had a severe test,
+proving it to be absolutely water-proof. It was fitted to an engine in a
+motor boat, which towards 7 p.m. ran full of water: next morning about 9
+a.m. we pumped her dry, and, after your magneto had been about 13 hours
+under water, it was found to be in perfect working order, and the engine
+started up without a hitch."
+
+MEA MAGNETO CO., LTD.,
+
+  Telephone: 2580 Regent.
+  Telegrams: "Meabermet, Ox. London"
+
+  GRESSE BUILDINGS, STEPHEN STREET,
+  TOTTENHAM COURT RD., LONDON, W.
+
+LONDON AGENTS: B. M. FAIR & CO., 3. GREAT WINCHESTER STREET, E.C. C.D.C.
+
+
+    BRANGER,
+  Aerial Photographer,
+    5, Rue Cambon, 5
+              PARIS.
+
+
+"Fighting Ships" NAVAL ANNUAL FOR 1913.
+
+Founded and Edited by FRED T. JANE,
+
+_Founder & Editor "ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT."_
+
+PLANS, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND ALL DETAILS OF EVERY WARSHIP IN THE WORLD.
+
+The details of ~13~ Navies are officially revised by order of their
+respective Ministers of Marine; ~3~ others semi-official.
+
+SPECIAL ARTICLE ON  "MARINE ENGINEERING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES," by
+
+C. de GRAVE SELLS, M. Inst. C.E.
+
+LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & Co., Ltd.
+
+
+THE "MASCOT"
+
+RAMIE-FIBRE,    ROT-PROOF
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LIFE-SAVING VEST
+
+Stocked by the Leading Stores in all Countries, or can be purchased
+direct from the Inventors and Sole Manufacturers--
+
+ROGERS BROTHERS,
+
+Manufacturers of "Aeroplatte" All-British Aircraft Fabrics, and the
+"Aeromac" Water-proof Garments
+
+33, ALDERMANBURY, LONDON, E.C.
+
+_Send post-card for full particulars._
+
+  Telephone, Central, 12164
+  Telegrams & Cables: "EGYPTILLO, London."
+  A B C Code used. 5th Edition.
+
+
+VICKERS LIMITED.
+
+AVIATION
+  SCHOOL:
+
+Brooklands.
+
+Thorough Tuition from slow Biplanes to fast Monoplanes.
+
+Special Terms to Naval and Military Officers.
+
+
+"VICKERS-LEVASSEUR"
+
+Air Screws.
+
+Built up in superposed layers, of the finest quality of thoroughly
+seasoned hardwoods, pegged & glued together.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+AEROPLANES.
+
+All steel-framed Monoplanes, Biplanes & Hydro-planes.
+
+  AVIATION DEPARTMENT:
+  VICKERS HOUSE, BROADWAY, WESTMINSTER, S.W.
+
+  Aviation School:
+    Brooklands.
+
+  Testing Ground:
+    Joyce Green,
+    Nr. Dartford.
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote A: Twelve of these _B.E._ were held up pending some special
+steel wire strainers which had been specified.]
+
+[Footnote B: Killed in Russia.]
+
+[Footnote C: This ship has frequently figured as four different
+dirigibles.]
+
+[Footnote D: P.L 9 reported sold to Turkey, April, 1913.]
+
+[Footnote E: Three other dirigibles, _Unger_, _Veeh_, and
+_Siemens-Schuckert_, are generally credited to Germany. Of these _Unger_
+is merely a project. _Veeh_ has been talked about for four years, but
+has never reached completion. _Siemens-S._ has ceased to exist.]
+
+[Footnote F: Jezzi lives in England where he is a well known amateur
+constructor.]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Jane's All the World's Aircraft, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT ***
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