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diff --git a/34793.txt b/34793.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..187b996 --- /dev/null +++ b/34793.txt @@ -0,0 +1,945 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Address to the First Graduating Class of +Rutgers Female College, by Henry M. Pierce + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Address to the First Graduating Class of Rutgers Female College + +Author: Henry M. Pierce + +Release Date: December 30, 2010 [EBook #34793] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS TO RUTGERS FEMALE COLLEGE *** + + + + +Produced by Meredith Bach, Stephanie McKee and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + ADDRESS + TO THE + FIRST GRADUATING CLASS + OF + Rutgers Female College; + + DELIVERED IN + + THE FOURTH AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, + (REV. DR. CROSBY'S), + + ON + + SABBATH EVENING, JUNE 2D, 1867. + + BY + HENRY M. PIERCE, LL.D., + PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. + + PUBLISHED BY REQUEST OF THE TRUSTEES. + + [Illustration] + + New York: + AGATHYNIAN PRESS. + 1867 + + + + +PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. + + +In the year 1839, with great labor, care, expense, and after long +consultation, was the Rutgers Female Institute founded. It grew out of +an increasing sense of the importance of the duties of women, and of the +need that her work should be well done. Hence the establishment of the +school, with its course of studies, its libraries, its apparatus, its +teachers. A quarter of a century has witnessed a great change in the +education of woman; and the position of Rutgers Institute to-day, as a +College, marks the character and degree of that change. + +It has been my custom, to make a personal address to the members of each +graduating class, as they have gone forth from the quiet of the school +to the busy walks of life. My heart now impels me to follow this usage, +but the change that has taken place in this institution, during the +past year, seems to make appropriate to the present occasion, a few +preliminary statements of my views as to what is the true position of +woman, and what should be her education. + +These are questions that deeply agitate the public mind. They are, in +fact, the leading questions of the day; but in regard to them, I shall +not shrink from the utterance of my opinions. Underlying the question of +the education of woman, is the question of her equality with man; for if +woman be inferior to man, so should be her education. + +Some might be disposed to reverse this proposition, and to say that +just in proportion to her inferiority, should her training be more +careful and complete. There might seem to be some truth in this idea; +but a little deeper thinking will convince us that to try to make +up in this way for her supposed deficiency, would be to attempt an +impossibility. The end could not be reached; the bounds that nature +had appointed could not be passed. + +It is also clear that if woman be the equal of man, she should receive +as good an education as man, a proposition too plain for argument. +So is also our third proposition--which exhausts this branch of the +subject--that if woman be superior to man, she should receive a better +education than man: for it is a first principle in morals, that every +power which God gave, He meant should be unfolded to its fullest extent. + +I am fully persuaded that the time is not far distant, when it will be +thought almost incredible that the question of the inferiority of woman +should ever have been seriously debated. For it is not without higher +warrant than that of human reason, that I would claim for woman an equal +place by the side of man. When in the beginning God created the heavens, +the earth, the sea, and all that in them is, even as He then made laws +for the stars and the seas, so did He then fix and determine forever the +sphere and the destiny of man and of woman. Driven out of Paradise into +the world on account of sin, neither man nor woman took their place at +once; and in the nature of the case, woman's sphere was the last of the +two to be understood. + +The Old Testament contains the germs of the great truths of all time; +but over four thousand years were needed to prepare the human mind for +the coming of Christ; and it was reserved for Christ fully to declare +what place the Creator had designed for woman. I am fully persuaded +that upon all great questions touching humanity, the human mind will at +length accept the teachings of Christ as final; and the question whether +or not woman is the equal of man, I conceive to be authoritatively +settled by Him, when he pronounces marriage such a union as excludes the +idea that there can be essential inferiority in one of the parties. His +ideal of marriage, unknown alike to the classical nations and to the +Hebrews, is incompatible with the inequality of the sexes. Nor do we +find a trace in His life or teachings, or in those of His Apostles, +which tends in the least to countenance such an idea. The few apparent +exceptions to this statement grow out of Oriental usage, or are +explained by the truth that subordination is consistent with equality. +Not even superficial reasoners should have been misled by these +exceptions, when, generally speaking, there is no distinction in the +moral duties enjoined on each, none in the warnings and promises +addressed to each, none at the cross, none in the day of judgment. + +Equality, though it excludes the idea of inferiority, is consistent with +diversity. There is a difference between the sexes, that at once raises +the question whether there should not be a difference in their +education. + +After the most careful thought that I could give to the subject, I +am of the opinion that it should be the same to a much greater extent +than most persons are willing to concede. Up to a certain point, the +education of men is much the same: beyond that point comes in a special +training. Thus, on leaving college, the young man who is to pursue law, +receives a legal training. But the great fact here to be noticed is, +that up to a certain point, all liberally educated men are trained much +in the same manner. For a long time, a liberal education seems to take +no note of the specific ends, which finally it may be desirable to aim +at. It contents itself with enlarging and strengthening the mental +powers. It unrolls before the young man the ample page of knowledge, +confident that this is the best preparation for any path that he may +finally choose. + +If, then, it is best for the young man that by a liberal education, his +memory should be strengthened, his reasoning powers disciplined, his +judgment matured, his mind enlarged--why is it not best for the young +woman also? This is a question for those who differ with us to answer. +It is a question that none would seriously ask, were it not that the +minds of many are unconsciously swayed by a belief in the essential +inferiority of woman. It can only arise from this pernicious error, or +from some doubt as to the real advantage of a liberal education;--an +error and a doubt, both of which should be remanded to the Dark Ages. + +Generally, then, we would say, that there is no reason why woman should +be debarred from any part of the studies common to all liberally +educated men. + +I say, common to all liberally educated men. I do not wish you to +infer that I consider the course of instruction in our colleges for +young men in every particular the wisest and the best. On the contrary, +early in my college life I thought, and the years of maturer life have +strengthened the idea, that in the curriculum of colleges, too little +importance attaches to the science of nature, and to the study of the +human soul,--not the study of the abstract metaphysics which the +schoolmen bequeathed to us, but of man as he is,--and too little +importance attaches to the study of the Hebrew and the Christian +Scriptures,--the fountain whence the ever-enlarging river of our +civilization flows. Neither did I then think, nor do I now think, +that a familiarity with the classics alone, is either a sufficient, or +altogether the best, preparation for life in our own day--for a life in +which shall pulsate all the great emotions of our time,--for a life in +complete sympathy with nature, with man, and with God. + +In the United States, the college course for young men was modeled after +that of the European Universities, which were founded when the Greek and +the Latin were the only fully developed tongues; when the languages of +modern Europe were in a formative process; when works on science, +philosophy, medicine, jurisprudence, and theology, and all legal +documents, state papers, and treaties, were done in Latin; when all +discussions and correspondence were carried on in Latin; and when modern +science yet waited for the thoughts of Bacon, the intuitions of Kepler, +and the discoveries of Galileo. + +Now, on the other hand, the Italian, French, German, and other +languages, have been brought to a high state of perfection, and almost +every work on art, science, literature, or philosophy, is composed in +the author's vernacular. Yet our colleges, with unfortunate fidelity, +have hitherto adhered much too closely to the course of study marked out +by their ancient models. + +But nothing should gratify the friends of education more than the +changes that are now beginning to take place, not only in our own +institutions of learning, but even in the English Universities of Oxford +and Cambridge. The Novum Organum of Bacon has triumphed, and is leading +us from the study of a dead Past to the study of living and eternal +truth. The establishment of scientific departments and schools of +mines, in connection with some of our noble and time-honored colleges +and universities, is a virtual acknowledgment that not the ancient +classics, but the modern classics, should rank first in the studies of +youth; not the classics of the Greeks and Romans, but the classics of +Nature. + +I would not be misunderstood in this matter. The grand classics are +grand indeed! Greece and Rome were grand; but their grandeur grew out of +high aspirations, tending to a grand life. They turned neither to the +right nor to the left, they looked not backward, they went right +straight on, and thus became truly great. + +We, too, have a greatness, as a nation, to attain: and we must attain +it, if at all, in the same way. We need not fear that the truth +developed by different nations, will or can be lost. Truth once known +can never be hidden. The results of each generation and century, pass on +into the future, and are interwoven into the woof of our ever-growing +civilization. + +The Greek and Roman energy, thought, and character, permeate the life +and soul of modern Europe. The arts, the sciences, the literature, the +civilization, of Greece and Rome we have to-day. They are out on the +air; they are incorporated in our social and intellectual life; they +are not afar off, they are here to-night--here in our streets, here in +our homes and in our hearts. They are living, and speak with living +tongues:--that part of them found in books alone may truly be called +"dead." + +In our opinion, a college founded to-day, should conform its curriculum +to the growth of the world, in letters, and thought, and science, and +civilization, and Christianity;--while the Greek and Latin languages +should be studied only for specific ends. + +If we had the years required for a thorough study of the classics, +and an equal time to give to the natural sciences, then both might +be pursued to advantage. But as we have not time to pursue to any +considerable extent more than one of these departments, I would give a +rudimentary training in the classics, and devote the best energies of +the young to those studies which have for their objects, life and its +pursuits, man and his destiny, God and His works. + +The sphere of woman differs widely from that of man; but this is neither +the time nor the place to unfold our views upon the question in what +way, and to what extent, this fact should modify the course of study in +a college for women; a question which all must recognize as one of great +practical difficulty, as well as of great practical importance. The +conclusions at which we have arrived on these subjects--the results in +part of experience, and in part of the cordial aid of a large number of +distinguished educators--will soon be laid before the public in the +curriculum of the college. + +We therefore here content ourselves with repeating, that generally the +studies pursued by women should be those that are pursued by men; and +that they should be pursued much to the same extent. Surely, there is +nothing which the under-graduate learns in his college course, which he +should not be glad that his wife should know as well as himself. Surely +a liberal education has miserably failed of its aim, when a man desires +in a wife, not an equal, but a toy or a slave. + +The idea of woman as a slave is a barbarian idea. The savage has it to +perfection, and because he has it he is a savage. The savage makes woman +do the work of a beast of burden; the half-civilized Chinese puts on her +all the drudgery of hard work;--"the wife drags the plough, the husband +sows the grain." + +To the savage, woman is a slave. The half-civilized man combines with +this the idea of woman as a toy. This is an unchristian idea; unhappily +it is too common even with us; yet, with some other degrading ideas, it +is a relic of heathenism. The whole difference between civilized Europe, +half-civilized Asia, and savage Africa, can be accurately measured by +the idea of woman; the best test of civilization, in either a nation or +an individual. + +The question, then, whether our civilization is to advance or to +retrograde--stand still it cannot--depends on the place hereafter to be +given to woman. As to this question, the present seems to be a sort of +crisis. The signs point both ways; on the whole, the prospect is hopeful +and cheering: but we must either go back or go on; we must become either +more Asiatic or more Christian. + +The hopeful indications are general in their character, and embrace all +that is cheering in the signs of the times. Those that forebode evil are +more specific in their relations to women; and, though differing among +themselves, they all point to one common end, viz., the destruction of +the family. + +The Church, the State, and the Family, are alike ordained of God. The +ordering of the Family pertains to woman; of the State, to man; of the +Church, to the Lord Jesus Christ. Each of these organizations exists by +divine right, and therefore, within its own sphere, is sovereign. +Yet the preservation and perfection of all, depend on that of each. +In the words of a distinguished Greek scholar: "Each inculcating the +same lesson, although with sanctions continually ascending; each +successively, in the order of its rank, supplying the defects of the +lower; yet each to be regarded as divinely appointed by the same eternal +Source of all law and rightful authority, in heaven and earth." + +The family is destroyed when its unity is destroyed. Of various causes +tending to this result, we shall speak only of two particulars in our +legislation. According to the law of Christ, the husband and wife are +one person: to this fact, the old common law in a good degree conformed; +but the tendency of recent statutes is to do away with this idea, by +making the property of the wife distinct from that of the husband, and +giving to her separately its management;--thus at once creating a +diversity of interests. + +We recognize the necessity, in certain cases, of such a distinction in +the control of property: but we deplore this necessity, we are fearful +as to its tendency, and we hope that the practice may never extend +beyond rare and exceptional cases. + +If each of the contracting parties, as they might properly be called, +have large possessions, so that the disposal of property does not often +arise, the evil is less. But with the great majority of families that +compose the body-politic, the spending of a little of their very little +money is a question of moment, that comes up from day to day, and almost +from hour to hour: and if a garment cannot be bought, or a meal +provided, without raising the question of separate pecuniary interests +between the heads of the family, and that too in the presence of the +children, the unity of the home, its sacred peace, and its hallowed +lessons, are at an end; and it may be that the strong passions so +constantly appealed to, will rend the family asunder. We have heard of +a legacy of seven hundred dollars to a wife, that led to a divorce. + +In accordance with the effect of such legislation, made to cover +exceptional cases, but which is ominous of general corruption, are those +laws of divorce which, in several of our States, practically tend to +make marriage a contract dissoluble at the will of the parties; thus +encouraging persons foolishly to rush into it, and madly to break from +it. It is said that in one New England State, one marriage in ten is +thus dissolved! The State thus presumes, for causes that the Church does +not hold to be sufficient, to put asunder those whom God hath joined +together. + +Our object is by no means to discuss these subjects, but merely to +glance at them as illustrations of a strong tendency to innovate without +due regard to the sacred oneness of the family. Even education is an +evil, so far as it may tend to infringe upon this unity; and it is of +the highest value, only as it may tend to secure it. This is the true +ground of the principle which we before laid down, and which we would +extend to every grade of society, from the highest to the lowest, viz., +that the wife should have as good an education as the husband; and, what +is of equal importance, the mother should have as good an education as +the children. + +Whatever breaks in upon the oneness of the family, brings with it evil +for which it cannot furnish any sufficient compensation, either to woman +or to man. The destruction of the family is the destruction of woman: it +is that of man also. + +The destruction of the family is likewise the destruction of the State. +The family is the foundation stone on which the higher edifice rests; +and if this stone be removed out of its place, or ground to powder, the +more imposing fabric of government falls to ruin. The no-family and +no-government fallacies are the same in principle; and they complete +themselves when they add, no Church, and no God. + +The profligacy of our cities, like the poison of the cholera, infecting +the whole of the country; the frenzy of fashion, bewildering the minds +of women; the lust of gold, gnawing at the hearts of men; these things +of themselves might lead us to fear that the family and the home might +become things of the past; and if so, our civilization would vanish, +"like the baseless fabric of a vision." But we look for better things: +Christ, the Word of God, "by whom and for whom are all things," laid the +foundations of the family so deep, that they cannot be removed. We may +disregard them, to our destruction, as did Babylon and Rome of old, but +whatsoever He hath decreed, He will finally bring it to pass. + +That ideal of woman which we would fain behold realized, is His ideal. +He ordained that the place of woman should be by the side of man, as his +equal; and this ideal, which He foreshadowed in the Scriptures from the +beginning, He will accomplish. His religion is a religion of +far-continuing purposes; it is one religion, from the first promise that +the seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head, to the end of +the world. + +It may be an appropriate close to these somewhat discursive, yet +related, remarks, to show that the idea of woman in the old Hebrew +Scripture, was the germ that Christianity is ripening to the flower. + +One book of the Scripture seems to have been written to place a Hebrew +youth in full possession of all the wisdom of age. It states that its +design is "to give to the young knowledge and discretion." I speak, of +course, of the book of Proverbs. This is an extended series of practical +precepts; of precepts everywhere marked by that religious sentiment +which ever gives to practical truth its highest value; of precepts +embracing the whole life of man; of precepts so profound and exhaustive, +that the wisdom and the experience of all subsequent ages and nations +have added to them but little. + +From the difficulty of rendering axioms and pithy sayings into another +language, our translation of this book is somewhat defective. It often +misses the point of the saying which it aims to reproduce. But there can +be no mistake as to the leading ideas in the description before us. The +place that it holds in the book of all human wisdom, is good evidence +that a high place was meant to be given to woman in the Hebrew +Scripture; its opening and its closing words, moreover, strengthen +this impression. The value of a perfect woman "is far above rubies." +"The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her; he shall have no +need of spoil." Precious gems--the favorite form of wealth among the +Orientals--are thus disparaged in comparison with her; and he that hath +a true woman, needs no other riches. + +In the very spirit of the first divine word as to woman--"It is not good +for man to be alone"--it is here written; "She shall do him good and not +evil all the days of her life." + +Again, at the close of the description, it is written, "Give her of the +fruit of her hands"--that is, deal justly with her--yield not to the +mean spirit, that thinks that whatever is conceded to woman, is so much +taken from the birthright of man. The writer goes beyond the proverb of +the French: "A good wife is half the battle;" and, though the husband is +"known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land," his +prosperity seems wholly attributed to her. Indeed, he is reduced to such +insignificance, that all he can do is to stand still and praise her. +This he does with hearty good will; saying, as good husbands always say +to good wives--common excellence in woman always affecting a man with +uncommon surprise--"Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou +excellest them all." + +Young Ladies of the First Graduating Class of Rutgers Female College. + +In this portraiture of a woman of another country and of a distant age, +to which, for various reasons I have called the attention of the general +audience, there are inwrought characteristics, the excellence of which I +would, in this hour of parting, hold up to you for imitation. + +"She worketh willingly:"--"in her tongue is the law of kindness:"--in +her heart is the fear of the Lord. + +Of the many things that I would gladly impress on your hearts, as I +address you, as my pupils, for the last time, I can select but few, and +perhaps none more appropriate than the virtues and excellencies which +this portrait suggests. + +One characteristic of this woman is energy: "She riseth while it is yet +night":--"She eateth not the bread of idleness." She exemplifies the +spirit of the truly Scriptural precept: "Whatsoever thy hand findeth +to do, do it with thy might." Her example, then, is one of habitual +industry, a habit which has much more to do with a truly virtuous life +than is generally supposed. Labor strengthens all the virtues; idleness +weakens them all:--idleness is the fruitful source of vice. + +In every sphere in which you may be placed, there will be work to be +done;--to be done religiously--that is, faithfully as unto God;--to be +accepted by you as His manifest will, and to be done willingly as unto +Him. + +One of the chief ends of your education has been, to give you the +trained intellect, that you may quickly and correctly discern, in each +relation and circumstance of life--from day to day, and from hour to +hour--what is the work that you are called upon to do. Another chief +aim has been to give you that disciplined self-command that will enable +you--not lazily putting it off till a more convenient season--to do it +at once, and to do it thoroughly and well. + +If you have here gained or strengthened the habit of industry, preserve +it to the end. Without labor, there is no excellence and no happiness. +It is the most vulgar of all vulgar errors, that a lady is a person who +does nothing. Such a person would be good for nothing, and miserable +indeed. Work, however, is of many kinds; work of the brain, and work of +the heart, as well as work of the hands; and the humblest kind is not +the hardest. + +It is another vulgar error, that work is degrading. Labor was imposed +on our fallen race, because it was fallen; but the decree went forth +more in pity than in anger. Work was not imposed upon the angels, for +they needed no such compulsion. Angelic natures work willingly and +cheerfully; and how is the idea that to do nothing is a desirable thing, +reconciled with the sublime words, "My Father worketh hitherto and I +work." + +In the description of the woman of old, it is said: "In her tongue, is +the law of kindness;" and this I would most earnestly entreat you to +emulate, believing that few things would conduce more to your usefulness +and happiness. Saint James tells us that "if any man seemeth to be +religious, and bridleth not his tongue, this man's religion is vain." +Elsewhere in his Epistle, you may learn how difficult a thing he +conceives this to be. It requires a perfect control of one's self, and +a large charity. Of the former, we hope that you have gained something +here; the other, you can gain somewhat from experience, but in +perfection only from the grace of God. + +I would have your conversation governed by the charity of which the +Apostle Paul saith, that it "suffereth long and is kind; envieth not; +vaunteth not itself; is not easily provoked; thinketh no evil." This +kindness of spirit, this charity, is a high Christian grace; but it +might almost be taught by experience, seeing how little we really know +the motives that sway the human soul, and how often the severe judgments +which we pronounce on our fellow-mortals, have to be reconsidered with +much pain and self humiliation, when perhaps it is forever too late to +right the wrong, and to recompense the suffering that we have +occasioned. + +Friendships broken, causeless enmities, opportunities for doing good and +getting good thrown away, too often teach us--too late to prevent, to +ourselves and to others, much lasting injury--the value of the law of +kindness as the law of our words. Especially is this law of kindness +needed in the speech of woman, whose hasty, thoughtless words can +influence to fury the pride and wrath of man, and set on fire his +heart with the fires of hell. Dissensions in families, hatred between +neighbors, enmity between states and nations, follow when woman's tongue +embitters man's jealousy and passion. + +If the sphere of woman is hereafter to be enlarged, we all should more +earnestly hope, and more fervently pray, that she may everywhere carry +with her "the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight +of God of great price." + +What is the characteristic in woman that should most fasten the +affections, and secure the esteem, of man? Is it the varying charm of +manner, or beauty of person? The Scripture before us, answers these +questions in a few decisive words: "Favor is deceitful,"--that is, an +unsatisfying thing--"and beauty is vain; but a woman that feareth the +Lord, she shall be praised." + +I know few things, even in the Scripture, so thoroughly justified by +observation, and at the same time so little known and regarded, as this. +In the Hebrew Scriptures, the fear of God answers to the love of God in +the Christian Scriptures, and so may be taken as equivalent to true +piety: and true piety in woman is that alone which really can draw from +out the heart of man, the sentiment of lasting veneration. + +I cannot urge this as a motive for cultivating the spirit of piety; but +I surely should not conceal from you what this Scripture so clearly +reveals, in this: "Godliness hath the promise of the life that now is, +as well as of that which is to come." But I would here enforce upon you +the duty of piety, from other considerations. Piety is not only the +highest of duties, but the greatest of privileges. + +Young Ladies, life is so limited, our responsibilities are so great, +the consequences of pursuing a wrong course are so terrible and +destructive,--even so far as this life goes,--that you cannot afford to +make a mistake at the outset. Experience is not always a sure guide--it +cannot teach all the important truths that concern this life; nor can +you trust implicitly to the wisdom of either parent or teacher, nor +commit yourselves to the guidance of passion, or to the customs and +opinions of the world. To what, then, should you go, to-night, +to-morrow, and every day of your lives, for safe guidance--for true +wisdom? Need I say, to the Bible alone?--to the Bible as opened to your +minds, and brought home to your hearts, by the Holy Spirit granted to +you in answer to prayer. By thus listening to its voice, you listen to +the voice of God; by taking hold on its truths, you take hold upon +eternity. You are thus lifted above yourselves;--above your passions, +your littleness, your ambition;--above the world. You are thus brought +into communion with the Father of your spirits;--with God, who alone is +sufficient to fill all the aspirations of the soul. He alone is wise +enough to be your sufficient counsellor;--He alone is strong enough to +give mortals strength. + +Of His glory and His beauty, all the glory and the beauty of the things +that He has made, are but faint emblems and reflected lights. He alone +is worthy to be loved "with all your heart, and mind, and soul, and +strength." + +"Remember," then, "your Creator in the days of your youth." "The fashion +of this world passeth away:"--"lay up for yourselves treasures in +heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt." "Set your affections +on things above, where Christ sitteth at the right hand of God": "and +the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole +spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our +Lord Jesus Christ." + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Address to the First Graduating Class +of Rutgers Female College, by Henry M. 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