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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/34634-h.zip b/34634-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..57d13d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/34634-h.zip diff --git a/34634-h/34634-h.htm b/34634-h/34634-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..739d783 --- /dev/null +++ b/34634-h/34634-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1754 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<!-- $Id: header.txt 236 2009-12-07 18:57:00Z vlsimpson $ --> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Narrative of the Death of Captain James Cook, by David Samwell. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + text-indent: 1em; +} + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +hr.chapter {margin:30px 0; width:100%; border:none; border-top:thin dashed silver; clear:both;} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + color: silver; + text-indent: 1em; +} /* page numbers */ + +.center {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.u {text-decoration: underline;} + +.caption {font-weight: bold;} + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +/* Footnotes */ +.footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + +.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + +.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + +.fnanchor { + vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: + none; +} + +/* Custom */ +.tn { background-color: #EEE; color: inherit; font-size: 80%; margin: 2em 10% 1em 10%; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; font-family: sans-serif; border: thin solid black; } + +.correct {text-decoration:none; border-bottom: thin dotted red;} + +li {margin-bottom: .5em;} + +.ls1 {letter-spacing: 1em;} +.ls2 {letter-spacing: 2em;} +.ls3 {letter-spacing: 3em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Narrative of the Death of Captain James +Cook, by David Samwell + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Narrative of the Death of Captain James Cook + +Author: David Samwell + +Release Date: December 13, 2010 [EBook #34634] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEATH OF CAPTAIN JAMES COOK *** + + + + +Produced by Patrick Hopkins, Cindy Horton, Chris Curnow +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="tn"> + +<h3>Transcriber's Note</h3> + +<ul> +<li><a href="#FOOTNOTES">Footnotes</a> are located at the end of the text, before the index.</li> + +<li>In general, geographical references, spelling, hyphenation, and +capitalization have been retained as in the original publication.</li> + +<li>Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.</li> + +<li> Significant typographical errors have been corrected and are marked with +dotted underlines. Place your mouse over the highlighted word and the original text will +<ins class="correct" title="Like this!">appear</ins>. A full list of these same corrections +is also available in the <a href="#TC">Transcriber's Corrections</a> section at the end of +the book.</li> +</ul> +</div> + + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><big>Hawaiian<br /> +Historical Society Reprints, (No. 2)</big><br /> +(1779)<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /></h3> + +<h1><small><small>A Narrative of the Death<br /> +OF<br /></small></small> +Captain James Cook<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</h1> + +<h2>By DAVID SAMWELL</h2> + +<p class="center">Surgeon of The Discovery</p> + +<p class="center"><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +LONDON:<br /> +Printed for G. C. J. and J. Robinson, Pater-Noster-Row<br /> +MDCCLXXXVI</p> + +<p class="center">(The Edition of this Reprint is Limited to 500 Copies)</p> + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 517px;"> +<img src="images/i005.jpg" width="517" height="650" alt="Captain James Cook" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Captain James Cook</span> +</div> + + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> + + + +<p class="center"><small>A</small><br /> +<br /> +<big><span class="ls2"> NARRATIVE</span></big><br /> +<br /> +<small>OF THE</small><br /> +<br /> +<big><span class="ls3"> DEATH</span></big><br /> +<br /> +<small>OF</small><br /> +<br /> +<big><span class="ls1">CAPTAIN JAMES COO</span>K.</big><br /> +<br /> +<small>TO WHICH ARE ADDED SOME</small><br /> +<br /> +<span class="ls2">PARTICULAR</span>S,<br /> +<br /> +<small>CONCERNING HIS</small><br /> +<br /> +<span class="ls1">LIFE <span class="smcap">and</span> CHARACTE</span>R.<br /> +<br /> +<small>AND</small><br /> +<br /> +<span class="ls2">OBSERVATIONS</span><br /> +<br /> +<small>RESPECTING THE</small><br /> +<br /> +<span class="ls2">INTRODUCTION</span><br /> +<br /> +<small>OF THE</small><br /> +<br /> +<span class="ls1">VENEREAL DISEASE</span><br /> +<br /> +<small>INTO THE</small><br /> +<br /> +<span class="ls2">SANDWICH ISLAND</span>S.</p> + +<hr style="width: 6em;" /> + +<p class="center"><span class="ls1"><span class="smcap">By</span> DAVID SAMWEL</span>L,<br /> +<span class="ls1"><small>SURGEON OF THE DISCOVER</small></span><small>Y.</small></p> + +<hr style="width: 6em;" /> + +<p class="center"><span class="ls2">LONDO</span>N:<br /> +<small>PRINTED FOR G. C. J. AND J. ROBINSON, PATER-NOSTER-ROW,<br /> +MDCCLXXXVI.</small><br /> +<br /> +[Photographic reproduction of the original title page.]</p> + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> + + + +<h2>Foreword</h2> + + +<p>In presenting this reprint to our members the editor wishes to express +his thanks to Professor W. T. Brigham of the Bishop Museum for +furnishing him with a photograph of Captain Cook, from which the cut in +this reprint was made; to Mr. John F. G. Stokes of the Bishop Museum for +his assistance in identifying the Hawaiian names, and to Mr. J. W. +Waldron for furnishing a typewritten copy of the book of which this is a +reprint.</p> + +<p>The modern Hawaiian names are inserted in brackets following those given +in the text.</p> + +<p>This reprint was edited and indexed for the Hawaiian Historical Society +by Bruce Cartwright, Jr.</p> + + + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="Preface" id="Preface"></a>Preface</h2> + + +<p>To those who have perused the account of the last voyage to the Pacific +Ocean, the following sheets may, at first sight, appear superfluous. The +author, however, being of the opinion, that the event of Captain Cook's +death has not yet been so <ins class="correct" title="explicity">explicitly</ins> related as the importance of it +required, trusts that this Narrative will not be found altogether a +repetition of what is already known. At the same time, he wishes to add +his humble testimony to the merit of the account given of this +transaction by Captain King. Its brevity alone can afford an excuse for +this publication, the object of which is to give a more particular +relation of that unfortunate affair, which he finds is in general but +imperfectly understood. He thinks himself warranted in saying this, from +having frequently observed, that the public opinion seemed to attribute +the loss of Captain Cook's life, in some measure, to rashness or too +much confidence on his side; whereas nothing can be more ill-founded or +unjust. It is, therefore, a duty which his friends owe to his character, +to have the whole affair candidly and fully related, whatever facts it +may involve, that may appear of a disagreeable nature to individuals. +The author is confident, that if Captain King could have foreseen, that +any wrong opinion respecting Captain Cook, would have been the +consequence of omitting some circumstances relative to his death; the +goodnatured motive that induced him to be silent, would not have stood a +moment in competition with the superior call of justice to the memory of +his friend. This publication, he is satisfied, would not have been +disapproved of by Captain King, for whose memory he has the highest +esteem, and to whose friendship he is under many obligations. He is +sanguine enough to believe that it will serve to remove a supposition, +in this single instance, injurious to the memory of Captain Cook, who +was no less distinguished for his caution and prudence, than for his +eminent abilities and undaunted resolution.</p> + +<p>The late appearance of this Narrative has been owing to the peculiar +situation of the writer, whose domestic residence is at a great distance +from the metropolis, and whose duty frequently calls him from home for +several months together. He has the pleasure of adding, that, in +publishing the following account of Captain Cook's death, he acts in +concurrence with the opinion of some very respectable persons.</p> + + + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="Narrative_of_the_Death_of_Captain_Cook" id="Narrative_of_the_Death_of_Captain_Cook"></a>Narrative of the Death of Captain Cook</h2> + + +<p>In the month of January, 1779, the "Resolution" and "Discovery" lay +about a fortnight at anchor in the bay of Kerag,e,goo,ah<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> +(Kealakekua), in the Island of Ou-why-ee (Hawaii). During that time, the +ships were most plentifully supplied with provisions by natives, with +whom we lived on the most friendly terms. We were universally treated by +them with kind attention and hospitality; but the respect they paid to +Captain Cook, was little short of adoration. It was, therefore, with +sentiments of the most perfect good-will towards the inhabitants, that +we left the harbour, on the fourth of February. It was Captain Cook's +intention to visit the other islands to leeward, and we stood to the +westward, towards Mowee (Maui), attended by several canoes full of +people, who were willing to accompany us as far as they could, before +they bade us a final adieu.</p> + +<p>On the sixth, we were overtaken by a gale of wind; and the next night, +the "Resolution" had the misfortune of springing the head of her +foremast, in such a dangerous manner, that Captain Cook was obliged to +return to Keragegooah (Kealakekua), in order to have it repaired; for we +could find no other convenient harbour on the island. The same gale had +occasioned much distress among some canoes, that had paid a visit from +the shore. One of them, with two men and a child on board, was picked up +by the "Resolution," and rescued from destruction: the men, having +toiled hard all night, in attempting to reach the land, were so much +exhausted, that they could hardly mount the ship's side. When they got +upon the quarter-deck, they burst<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> into tears, and seemed much affected +with the dangerous situation from which they had escaped; but the little +child appeared lively and cheerful. One of the "Resolution's" boats was +also so fortunate as to save a man and two women, whose canoe had been +upset by the violence of the waves. They were brought on board, and, +with the others, partook of the kindness and humanity of Captain Cook.</p> + +<p>On the morning of Wednesday, the tenth, we were within a few miles of +the harbour; and were soon joined by several canoes, in which appeared +many of our old acquaintances; who seemed to have come to welcome us +back. Among them was Coo,aha<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> (Kuaha), a priest: he had brought a +small pig, and some cocoa nuts in his hand, which, after having chaunted +a few sentences, he presented to Captain Clerke. He then left us, and +hastened on board the "Resolution," to perform the same friendly +ceremony before Captain Cook. Having but light winds all that day, we +could not gain the harbour. In the afternoon, a chief of the first rank, +and nearly related to Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), paid us a visit on board +the "Discovery." His name was Ka,mea,mea (Kamehameha): he was dressed in +a very rich feathered cloke, which he seemed to have brought for sale, +but would part with it for nothing except iron daggers. These, the +chiefs, some time before our departure, had preferred to every other +article; for having received a plentiful supply of hatchets and other +tools, they began to collect a store of warlike instruments. Kameamea +(Kamehameha) procured nine daggers for his cloke, and being pleased with +his reception, he and his attendants slept on board that night.</p> + +<p>In the morning of the eleventh of February, the ships anchored again in +Keragegooah bay (Kealakekua Bay), and preparation was immediately made +for landing the "Resolution's" foremast. We were visited but by few of +the Indians, because there were but few in the bay. On our departure, +those belonging to other parts, had repaired to their several +habitations, and were again to collect from various quarters, before we +could expect to be surrounded by such multitudes as we had once seen in +that harbour. In the afternoon I walked about a mile into the country, +to visit an Indian friend, who had, a few days before, come near twenty +miles, in a small canoe, to see me, while the ship lay becalmed. As the +canoe had not left us long before a gale of wind came on, I was alarmed +for the consequence; however, I had the pleasure to find that my friend +had escaped unhurt, though not without some difficulties. I take notice +of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> this short excursion, merely because it afforded me an opportunity +of observing, that there appeared no change in the disposition or +behaviour of the inhabitants. I saw nothing that could induce me to +think, that they were displeased with our return, or jealous of the +intention of our second visit. On the contrary, that abundant good +nature which had always characterised them, seemed still to glow in +every bosom, and to animate every countenance.</p> + +<p>The next day, February the twelfth, the ships were put under a taboo, by +the chiefs, a solemnity, it seems, that was requisite to be observed +before Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), the king, paid his first visit to Captain +Cook, after his return. He waited upon him the same day, on board the +"Resolution," attended by a large train, some of which bore the presents +designed for Captain Cook, who received him in his usual friendly +manner, and gave him several articles in return. This amicable ceremony +being settled, the taboo was dissolved, matters went on in the usual +train, and the next day, February the thirteenth, we were visited by the +natives in great numbers; the "Resolution's" mast was landed, and the +astronomical observatories erected on their former situation. I landed, +with another gentleman, at the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa), where we +found a great number of canoes, just arrived from different parts of the +island, and the Indians busy in constructing temporary huts on the +beach, for their residence during the stay of the ships. On our return +on board the "Discovery," we learned that an Indian had been detected in +stealing the armourer's tongs from the forge, for which he received a +pretty severe flogging, and was sent out of the ship. Notwithstanding +the example made of this man, in the afternoon another had the audacity +to snatch the tongs and a chizel from the same place, with which he +jumped overboard, and swam for the shore. The master and a midshipman +were instantly dispatched after him, in the small cutter. The Indian +seeing himself pursued, made for a canoe: his countrymen took him on +board, and paddled as swift as they could towards the shore; we fired +several muskets at them, but to no effect, for they soon got out of the +reach of our shot. Pareah (Palea), one of the chiefs, who was at that +time on board the "Discovery," understanding what had happened, +immediately went ashore, promising to bring back the stolen goods. Our +boat was so far distanced, in chasing the canoe which had taken the +chief on board, that he had time to make his escape into the country. +Captain Cook, who was then on shore, endeavoured to intercept his +landing; but it seems, that he was led out of the way by some of the +natives, who had officiously intruded them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>selves as guides. As the +master was approaching near the landing-place, he was met by some of the +Indians in a canoe; they had brought back the tongs and chizel, together +with another article, that we had not missed, which happened to be the +lid of the water-cask. Having recovered these things, he was returning +on board, when he was met by the "Resolution's" pinnace, with five men +in her, who, without any orders, had come from the observatories to his +assistance. Being thus unexpectedly reinforced, he thought himself +strong enough to insist upon having the thief, or the canoe which took +him in, delivered up as reprizals. With that view he turned back; and +having found the canoe on the beach, he was preparing to launch it into +the water when Pareah (Palea) made his appearance, and insisted upon his +not taking it away, as it was his property. The officer not regarding +him, the chief seized upon him, pinioned his arms behind, and held him +by the hair of his head: on which, one of the sailors struck him with an +oar: Pareah (Palea) instantly quitted the officer, snatched the oar out +of the man's hand, and snapped it in two across his knee. At length, the +multitude began to attack our people with stones. They made some +resistance, but were soon overpowered, and obliged to swim for safety to +the small cutter, which lay farther out than the pinnace. The officers, +not being expert swimmers, retreated to a small rock in the water, where +they were closely pursued by the Indians. One man darted a broken oar at +the master; but his foot slipping at the time, he missed him, which +fortunately saved that officer's life. At last, Pareah (Palea) +interfered, and put an end to their violence. The Gentlemen, knowing +that his presence was their only defense against the fury of the +natives, entreated him to stay with them, till they could get off in the +boats; but that he refused, and left them. The master went to seek +assistance from the party at the observatories; but the midshipman chose +to remain in the pinnace. He was very rudely treated by the mob, who +plundered the boat of everything that was loose on board, and then began +to knock her to pieces, for the sake of the ironwork: but Pareah (Palea) +fortunately returned in time to prevent her destruction. He had met the +other gentleman on his way to the observatories, and suspecting his +errand, had forced him to return. He dispersed the crowd again, and +desired the gentlemen to return on board; they represented, that all the +oars had been taken out of the boat: on which he brought some of them +back, and the gentlemen were glad to get off, without further +molestation. They had not proceeded far, before they were overtaken by +Pareah (Palea), in a canoe; he delivered the midshipman's cap, which had +been taken from him in the scuffle,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> joined noses with them, in token of +reconciliation, and was anxious to know, if Captain Cook would kill him +for what had happened. They assured him of the contrary, and made signs +of friendship to him in return. He then left them, and paddled over to +the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa), and that was the last time we ever saw +him. Captain Cook returned on board soon after, much displeased with the +whole of this disagreeable business; and the same night, sent a +lieutenant on board the "Discovery," to learn the particulars of it, as +it had originated in that ship.</p> + +<p>It was remarkable, that in the midst of the hurry and confusion +attending this affair, Kanynah<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> (Kanaina), a chief who had always been +on terms particularly friendly with us, came from the spot where it +happened, with a hog to sell on board the "Discovery:" it was of an +extraordinary large size, and he demanded for it a pahowa (pahoa), or +dagger, of an unusual length. He pointed to us, that it must be as long +as his arm. Captain Clerke not having one of that length, told him, he +would get one made for him by the morning; with which being satisfied, +he left the hog, and went ashore without making any stay with us. It +will not be altogether foreign to the subject, to mention a +circumstance, that happened to-day on board the "Resolution." An Indian +Chief asked Captain Cook at his table, if he was a Tata Toa (Hakaka +Koa); which means a fighting man, or a soldier. Being answered in the +affirmative, he desired to see his wounds: Captain Cook held out his +right-hand, which had a scar upon it, dividing the thumb from the +finger, the whole length of the metacarpal bones. The Indian, being thus +convinced of his being a Toa (Koa), put the same question to another +gentleman present, but he happened to have none of those distinguishing +marks: the chief then said, that he himself was a Toa (Koa), and showed +the scars of some wounds he had received in battle. Those who were on +duty at the observatories, were disturbed during the night, with shrill +and melancholy sounds, issuing from the adjacent villages, which they +took to be the lamentations of the women. Perhaps the quarrel between +us, might have filled their minds with apprehensions for the safety of +their husbands: but, be that as it may, their mournful cries struck the +sentinels with unusual awe and terror.</p> + +<p>To widen the breach between us, some of the Indians in the night, took +away the "Discovery's" large cutter, which lay swamped at the buoy of +one of her anchors: they had carried her off so quietly, that we did not +miss her till the morning, Sunday,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> February the fourteenth. Captain +Clerke lost no time in waiting upon Captain Cook, to acquaint him with +the accident; he returned on board, with orders for the launch and small +cutter to go, under the command of the second lieutenant, and lie off +the east point of the bay, in order to intercept all canoes that might +attempt to get out; and, if he found it necessary, to fire upon them. At +the same time, the third lieutenant of the "<ins class="correct" title="Resoluion">Resolution</ins>," with the launch +and small cutter, was sent on the same service, to the opposite point of +the bay; and the master was dispatched in the large cutter, in pursuit +of a double canoe, already under sail, making the best of her way out of +the harbour. He soon came up with her, and by firing a few muskets, +drove her on shore, and the Indians left her: this happened to be the +canoe of Omea (Mea), a man who bore the title of Orono (Lono). He was on +board himself, and it would have been fortunate, if our people had +secured him, for his person was held as sacred as that of the king. +During this time, Captain Cook was preparing to go ashore himself, at +the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa), in order to secure the person of +Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), before he should have time to withdraw himself to +another part of the island, out of our reach. This appeared the most +effectual step that could be taken on the present occasion, for the +recovery of the boat. It was the measure he had invariably pursued, in +similar cases, at other islands in these seas, and it had always been +attended with the desired success: in fact, it would be difficult to +point out any other mode of proceeding on these emergencies, likely to +attain the object in view. We had reason to suppose, that the king and +his attendants had fled when the alarm was first given; in that case, it +was Captain Cook's intention to secure the large canoes which were +hauled upon the beach. He left the ship about seven o'clock, attended by +the lieutenant of marines, a serjeant, corporal, and seven private men: +the pinnace's crew were also armed, and under the command of Mr. +Roberts. As they rowed towards the shore, Captain Cook ordered the +launch to leave her station at the west point of the bay, in order to +assist his own boat. This is a circumstance worthy of notice; for it +clearly shows, that he was not unapprehensive of meeting with resistance +from the natives; or unmindful of the necessary preparation for the +safety of himself and his people. I will venture to say, that from the +appearance of things, just at that time, there was not one, beside +himself, who judged that such precaution was absolutely requisite; so +little did his conduct on the occasion bear the marks of rashness, or a +precipitate self-confidence! He landed, with the marines, at the upper +end of the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa): the Indians immediately<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> flocked +round, as usual, and showed him the customary marks of respect, by +prostrating themselves before him. There were no signs of hostilities, +or much alarm among them. Captain Cook, however, did not seem willing to +trust to appearances; but was particularly attentive to the disposition +of the marines, and to have them kept clear of the crowd. He first +enquired for the king's sons, two youths<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> who were much attached to +him, and generally his companions on board. Messengers being sent for +them, they soon came to him, and informing him that their father was +asleep, at a house not far from them, he accompanied them thither, and +took the marines along with them. As he passed along, the natives every +where prostrated themselves before him, and seemed to have lost no part +of that respect they had always shown to his person. He was joined by +several chiefs, among whom was Kanynah (Kanaina), and his brother +Koohowrooah (Kuhaulua?). They kept the crowd in order, according to +their usual custom; and being ignorant of his intention in coming on +shore, frequently asked him if he wanted any hogs, or other provisions; +he told them that he did not, and that his business was to see the king. +When he arrived at the house he ordered some of the Indians to go in, +and inform Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), that he waited without to speak with +him. They came out two or three times, and instead of returning any +answer from the king, presented some pieces of red cloth to him, which +made Captain Cook suspect that he was not in the house; he therefore +desired the lieutenant of marines to go in. The lieutenant found the old +man just awaked from sleep, and seemingly alarmed at the message; but he +came out without hesitation. Captain Cook took him by the hand, and in a +friendly manner, asked him to go on board, to which he very readily +consented. Thus far matters appeared in a favourable train, and the +natives did not seem much alarmed or apprehensive of hostility on our +side; at which Captain Cook expressed himself a little surprized, +saying, that as the inhabitants of that town appeared innocent of +stealing the cutter, he should not molest them, but that he must get the +king on board. Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu) sat down before his door, and was +surrounded by a great crowd: Kanynah (Kanaina) and his brother were both +very active in keeping order among them. In a little time, however, the +Indians were observed arming themselves with long spears, clubs, and +daggers, and putting on thick mats, which they use as armour. This +hostile appearance increased, and became more alarming, on the arrival +of two men in a canoe from the opposite side of the bay, with the news +of a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> chief, called Kareemoo (Kalimo), having been killed by one of the +"Discovery's" boats, in their passage across: they had also delivered +this account to each of the ships. Upon that information, the women, who +were sitting upon the beach at their breakfasts, and conversing +familiarly with our people in the boats, retired, and a confused murmur +spread through the crowd. An old priest came to Captain Cook, with a +cocoa nut in his hand, which he held out to him as a present, at the +same time singing very loud. He was often desired to be silent, but in +vain: he continued importunate and troublesome, and there was no such +thing as getting rid of him or his noise: it seemed, as if he meant to +divert their attention from his countrymen, who were growing more +tumultuous, and arming themselves in every quarter. Captain Cook, being +at the same time surrounded by a great crowd, thought his situation +rather hazardous: he therefore ordered the lieutenant of marines to +march his small party to the water-side, where the boats lay within a +few yards of the shore: the Indians readily made a lane for them to +pass, and did not offer to interrupt them. The distance they had to go +might be about fifty or sixty yards; Captain Cook followed, having hold +of Kariopoo's (Kalaniopuu's) hand, who accompanied him very willingly: +he was attended by his wife, two sons, and several chiefs. The +troublesome old priest followed, making the same savage noise. Keowa +(Keoua)<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>, the younger son, went directly into the pinnace, expecting +his father to follow; but just as he arrived at the water-side, his wife +threw her arms about his neck, and, with the assistance of two chiefs, +forced him to sit down by the side of a double canoe. Captain Cook +expostulated with them, but to no purpose: they would not suffer the +king to proceed, telling him, that he would be put to death if he went +on board the ship. Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), whose conduct seemed entirely +resigned to the will of others, hung down his head, and appeared much +distressed.</p> + +<p>While the king was in this situation, a chief, well known to us, of the +name of Coho (Koho), was observed lurking near, with an iron dagger, +partly concealed under his cloke, seemingly, with the intention of +stabbing Captain Cook, or the lieutenant of marines. The latter proposed +to fire at him, but Captain Cook would not permit it. Coho (Koho) +closing upon them, obliged the officer to strike him with his piece, +which made him retire. Another Indian laid hold of the serjeant's +musket, and endeavoured to wrench it from him, but was prevented by the +lieutenant's making a blow at him. Captain Cook, seeing the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> tumult +increase, and the Indians growing more daring and resolute, observed, +that if he were to take the king off by force, he could not do it +without sacrificing the lives of many of his people. He then paused a +little, and was on the point of giving his order to reimbark, when a man +threw a stone at him; which he returned with a discharge of small shot, +(with which one barrel of his double piece was loaded). The man, having +a thick mat before him, received little or no hurt; he brandished his +spear, and threatened to dart it at Captain Cook, who being still +unwilling to take away his life, instead of firing with ball, knocked +him down with his musket. He expostulated strongly with the most forward +of the crowd, upon their turbulent behaviour. He had given up all +thoughts of getting the king on board, as it appeared impracticable; and +his care was then only to act on the defensive, and to secure a safe +embarkation for his small party, which was closely pressed by a body of +several thousand people. Keowa (Keoua), the king's son, who was in the +pinnace, being alarmed on hearing the first firing, was, at his own +entreaty, put on shore again; for even at that time, Mr. Roberts, who +commanded her, did not apprehend that Captain Cook's person was in any +danger: otherwise he would have detained the prince, which, no doubt, +would have been a great check on the Indians. One man was observed, +behind a double canoe, in the action of darting his spear at Captain +Cook, who was forced to fire at him in his own defence, but happened to +kill another close to him, equally forward in the tumult: the serjeant +observing that he had missed the man he aimed at, received orders to +fire at him, which he did, and killed him. By this time, the impetuosity +of the Indians was somewhat repressed; they fell back in a body, and +seemed staggered; but being pushed on by those behind, they returned to +the charge, and poured a volley of stones among the marines, who, +without waiting for orders, returned it with a general discharge of +musketry, which was instantly followed by a fire from the boats. At this +Captain Cook was heard to express his astonishment: he waved his hand to +the boats, called to them to cease firing, and to come nearer in to +receive the marines. Mr. Roberts immediately brought the pinnace as +close to the shore as he could, without grounding, notwithstanding the +showers of stones that fell among the people; but Mr. John Williamson, +the lieutenant, who commanded in the launch, instead of pulling in to +the assistance of Captain Cook, withdrew his boat further off, at the +moment that everything seems to have depended upon the timely exertions +of those in the boats. By his own account, he mistook the signal: but be +that as it may, this circumstance appears to me, to have decided the +fatal turn of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> affair, and to have removed every chance which +remained with Captain Cook, of escaping with his life. The business of +saving the marines out of the water, in consequence of that, fell +altogether upon the pinnace; which thereby became so much crowded, that +the crew were, in a great measure, prevented from using their fire-arms, +or giving what assistance they otherwise might have done, to Captain +Cook; so that he seems, at the most critical point of time, to have +wanted the assistance of both boats, owing to the removal of the launch. +For notwithstanding that they kept up a fire on the crowd from the +situation to which they removed in that boat, the fatal confusion which +ensued on her being withdrawn, to say the least of it, must have +prevented the full effect, that the prompt co-operation of the two +boats, according to Captain Cook's orders, must have had, towards the +preservation of himself and his people. At that time, it was to the +boats alone, that Captain Cook had to look for his safety; for when the +marines had fired, the Indians rushed among them, and forced them into +the water, where four of them were killed: their lieutenant was wounded, +but fortunately escaped, and was taken up by the pinnace. Captain Cook +was then the only one remaining on the rock: he was observed making for +the pinnace, holding his left-hand against the back of his head, to +guard it from the stones, and carrying his musket under the other arm. +An Indian was seen following him, but with caution and timidity; for he +stopped once or twice, as if undetermined to proceed. At last he +advanced upon him unawares, and with a large club,<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> or common stake, +gave him a blow on the back of the head, and then precipitately +retreated. The stroke seemed to have stunned Captain Cook: he staggered +a few paces, then fell on his hand and one knee, and dropped his musket. +As he was rising, and before he could recover his feet, another Indian +stabbed him in the back of the neck with an iron dagger. He then fell +into a bite of water about knee deep, where others crowded upon him, and +endeavoured to keep him under: but struggling very strongly with them, +he got his head up, and casting his look towards the pinnace, seemed to +solicit assistance. Though the boat was not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> above five or six yards +distant from him, yet from the crowded and confused state of the crew, +it seems, it was not in their power to save him. The Indians got him +under again, but in deeper water: he was, however, able to get his head +up once more, and being almost spent in the struggle, he naturally +turned to the rock, and was endeavouring to support himself by it, when +a savage gave him a blow with a club, and he was seen alive no more. +They hauled him up lifeless on the rocks, where they seemed to take a +savage pleasure in using every barbarity to his dead body, snatching the +daggers out of each other's hands, to have the horrid satisfaction of +piercing the fallen victim of their barbarous rage.</p> + +<p>I need make no reflection on the great loss we suffered on this +occasion, or attempt to describe what we felt. It is enough to say, that +no man was ever more beloved or admired; and it is truly painful to +reflect, that he seems to have fallen a sacrifice merely for want of +being properly supported; a fate, singularly to be lamented, as having +fallen to his lot, who had ever been conspicuous for his care of those +under his command, and who seemed, to the last, to pay as much attention +to their preservation, as to that of his own life.</p> + +<p>If any thing could have added to the shame and indignation universally +felt on the occasion, it was to find, that his remains had been +deserted, and left exposed on the beach, although they might have been +brought off. It appears, from the information of four or five +midshipmen, who arrived on the spot at the conclusion of the fatal +business, that the beach was then almost entirely deserted by the +Indians, who at length had given way to the fire of the boats, and +dispersed through the town: so that there seemed no great obstacle to +prevent the recovery of Captain Cook's body; but the lieutenant returned +on board without making the attempt. It is unnecessary to dwell longer +on this painful subject, and to relate the complaints and censures that +fell on the conduct of the lieutenant. It will be sufficient to observe, +that they were so loud, as to oblige Captain Clerke publicly to notice +them, and to take the depositions of his accusers down in writing. The +Captain's bad state of health and approaching dissolution, it is +supposed, induced him to destroy these papers a short time before his +death.</p> + +<p>It is a painful task, to be obliged to notice circumstances, which seem +to reflect upon the character of any man. A strict regard to truth, +however, compelled me to the insertion of these facts, which I have +offered merely as facts, without presuming to connect with them any +comment of my own: esteeming it the part of a faithful historian, "to +extenuate nothing, nor set down ought in malice."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p> + +<p>The fatal accident happened about eight o'clock in the morning, about an +hour after Captain Cook landed. It did not seem, that the king, or his +sons, were witnesses to it; but it is supposed that they withdrew in the +midst of the tumult. The principal actors were the other chiefs, many of +them the king's relations and attendants: the man who stabbed him with +the dagger was called Nooah (Nuaa). I happened to be the only one who +recollected his person, from having on a former occasion mentioned his +name in the journal I kept. I was induced to take particular notice of +him, more from his personal appearance than any other consideration, +though he was of high rank, and a near relation of the king: he was +stout and tall, with a fierce look and demeanour, and one who united in +his figure the two qualities of strength and agility, in a greater +degree, than ever I remembered to have seen before in any other man. His +age might be about thirty, and by the white scurf on his skin, and his +sore eyes, he appeared to be a hard drinker of Kava (awa). He was a +constant companion of the king, with whom I first saw him, when he paid +a visit to Captain Clerke. The chief who first struck Captain Cook with +the club, was called Karimano-craha<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> (Kalaimanokahoowaha), but I did +not know him by his name. These circumstances I learnt of honest +Kaireekea (Keliikia), the priest; who added, that they were both held in +great esteem on account of that action; neither of them came near us +afterwards. When the boats left the shore, the Indians carried away the +dead body of Captain Cook and those of the marines, to the rising +ground, at the back of the town, where we could plainly see them with +our glasses from the ships.</p> + +<p>This most melancholy accident, appears to have been altogether +unexpected and <ins class="correct" title="unforseen">unforeseen</ins>, as well on the part of the natives as +ourselves. I never saw sufficient reason to induce me to believe, that +there was any thing of design, or a pre-concerted plan on their side, or +that they purposely sought to quarrel with us: thieving, which gave rise +to the whole, they were equally guilty of, in our first and second +visits. It was the cause of every misunderstanding that happened between +us: their petty thefts were generally overlooked, but sometimes slightly +punished: the boat, which they at last ventured to take away, was an +object of no small magnitude to people in our situation, who could not +possibly replace her, and therefore not slightly to be given up. We had +no other chance of recovering her, but by getting the person of the king +into our possession: on our attempting to do that, the natives became +alarmed for his safety, and naturally opposed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> those whom they deemed +his enemies. In the sudden conflict that ensued, we had the unspeakable +misfortune of losing our excellent Commander, in the manner already +related. It is in this light the affair has always appeared to me, as +entirely accidental, and not in the least owing to any previous offence +received, or jealousy of our second visit entertained by the natives.</p> + +<p>Pareah (Palea) seems to have been the principal instrument in bringing +about this fatal disaster. We learnt afterwards, that it was he who had +employed some people to steal the boat: the king did not seem to be +privy to it, or even apprized of what had happened, till Captain Cook +landed.</p> + +<p>It was generally remarked, that at first, the Indians shewed great +resolution in facing our fire-arms; but it was entirely owing to +ignorance of their effect. They thought that their thick mats would +defend them from a ball, as well as from a stone; but being soon +convinced of their error, yet still at a loss to account how such +execution was done among them, they had recourse to a stratagem, which, +though it answered no other purpose, served to show their ingenuity and +quickness of invention. Observing the flashes of the muskets, they +naturally concluded, that water would counteract their effect, and +therefore, very sagaciously dipped their mats, or armour in the sea, +just as they came on to face our people: but finding this last resource +to fail them, they soon dispersed, and left the beach entirely clear. It +was an object they never neglected, even at the greatest hazard, to +carry off their slain; a custom, probably, owing to the barbarity with +which they treat the dead body of an enemy, and the trophies they make +of his bones.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p> + + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="Some_Particulars_Concerning_the_Life_and_Character_of_Captain_Cook" id="Some_Particulars_Concerning_the_Life_and_Character_of_Captain_Cook"></a>Some Particulars Concerning the Life and Character of Captain Cook</h2> + + +<p>Captain Cook was born at Marton, in Cleaveland, in the county of York, a +small village, distant five miles south-east from Stockton. His name is +found in the parish register in the year 1729 (so that Captain King was +mistaken, in placing the time of his birth in the year 1727). The +cottage in which his father formerly lived, is now decayed, but the spot +where it stood is still shewn to strangers. A gentleman is now living in +that neighbourhood, with whom the old man formerly worked as a common +day-labourer in the fields. However, though placed in this humble +station, he gave his son a common school education, and at an early age, +placed him apprentice with one Mr. Saunderson, a shopkeeper at Staith +(always pronounced Steers), a small fishing-town on the Yorkshire coast, +about nine miles to the northward of Whitby. The business is now carried +on by the son of Mr. Saunderson, in the same shop, which I had the +curiosity to visit about a year and a half ago. In that situation young +Cook did not continue long, before he quitted it in disgust, and, as +often happens in the like cases, betook himself to the sea. Whitby being +a neighbouring sea-port, readily offered him an opportunity to pursue +his inclination; and there we find he bound himself apprentice, for nine +years, in the coal trade, to one Mr. John Walker, now living in South +Whitby. In his employ, he afterwards became mate of a ship; in which +station having continued some time, he had the offer of being master, +which he refused, as it seems he had at that time turned his thoughts +towards <ins class="correct" title="the the">the</ins> navy. Accordingly, at the breaking out of the war in 1755, +he entered on board the "Eagle," of fifty-four guns, and in a short time +after, Sir Hugh Palliser was appointed to the command of that ship, a +circumstance that must not be passed unnoticed, as it proved the +foundation of the future fame and fortune of Captain Cook. His uncommon +merit did not long escape the observation of that discerning officer, +who promoted him to the quarter-deck, and ever after patronized him with +such zeal and attention, as must reflect the highest honour upon his +character. To Sir Hugh Palliser is the world indebted, for having first +noticed in an obscure situation, and afterwards brought forward in life, +the greatest nautical genius that ever any age or country has produced. +In the year 1758, we find him master of the "Northumberland," then in +America, under the command of Lord Colville. It was there, he has been +heard to say, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> during a hard winter he first read Euclid, and +applied himself to the study of astronomy and the mathematics, in which +he made no inconsiderable progress, assisted only by his own ingenuity +and industry. At the time he thus found means to cultivate and improve +his mind, and to supply the deficiency of an early education, he was +constantly engaged in the most busy and active scenes of the war in +America. At the siege of Quebec, Sir Hugh Palliser made him known to Sir +Charles Saunders, who committed to his charge the conducting of the +boats to the attack of Mount Morenci, and the embarkation that scaled +the heights of Abraham. He was also employed to examine the passage of +the river St. Laurence, and to lay buoys for the direction of the men of +war. In short, in whatever related to the reduction of that place in the +naval department, he had a principal share, and conducted himself so +well throughout the whole, as to recommend himself to the commander in +chief. At the conclusion of the war, Sir Hugh Palliser having the +command on the Newfoundland station, he appointed him to survey that +Island and the coast of Labradore, and gave him the "Grenville" brig for +that purpose. How well he performed that service, the charts he has +published afford sufficient testimony. In that employment he continued +till the year 1767, when the well known voyage to the South Sea, for +observing the transit of Venus, and making discoveries in that vast +ocean was planned. Lord Hawke, who then presided at the Admiralty, was +strongly solicited to give the command of that expedition to Mr. +Alexander Dalrymple; but through the interest of his friend Sir Hugh +Palliser, Captain Cook obtained the appointment, together with the rank +of lieutenant. It was stipulated, that on his return, he should, if he +chose it, again hold the place of surveyor of Newfoundland, and that his +family should be provided for, in case of an accident to himself.</p> + +<p>He sailed from England in the "Endeavour," in the year 1768, accompanied +by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, and returned in 1771; after having +circumnavigated the globe, made several important discoveries in the +South Sea, and explored the islands of New Zealand, and great part of +the coast of New Holland. The skill and ability with which he conducted +that expedition, ranked his name high as a navigator, and could not fail +of recommending him to that great patron of naval merit, the Earl of +Sandwich, who then presided at the board of Admiralty. He was promoted +to the rank of master and commander, and a short time afterwards, +appointed to conduct another expedition to the Pacific Ocean, in search +of the supposed Southern continent, and added<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> many valuable discoveries +to those he had before made in the South Sea. His own account of it is +before the public, and he is no less admired for the accuracy and +extensive knowledge which he has displayed in that work, than for his +skill and intrepidity in conducting the expedition. On his return, he +was promoted to the rank of post-captain, and appointed one of the +captains of Greenwich hospital. In that Retirement he did not continue +long: for an active life best suiting his disposition, he offered his +services to conduct a third expedition to the South Sea, which was then +in agitation, in order to explore a northern passage from Europe to +Asia: in this he unfortunately lost his life, but not till he had fully +accomplished the object of the voyage.</p> + +<p>The character of Captain Cook will be best exemplified by the services +he has performed, which are universally known, and have ranked his name +above that of any navigator of ancient or of modern times. Nature had +endowed him with a mind vigorous and comprehensive, which in his riper +years he had cultivated with care and industry. His general knowledge +was extensive and various: in that of his own profession he was +unequalled. With a clear judgment, strong masculine sense, and the most +determined resolution; with a genius particularly turned for enterprize, +he pursued his object with unshaken perseverence:—vigilent and active +in an eminent degree:—cool and intrepid among dangers; patient and firm +under difficulties and distress; fertile in expedients; great and +original in all his designs; active and resolved in carrying them into +execution. These qualities rendered him the animating spirit of the +expedition: in every situation, he stood unrivalled and alone; on him +all eyes were turned; he was our leading-star, which at its setting, +left us involved in darkness and despair.</p> + +<p>His constitution was strong, his mode of living temperate: why Captain +King should not suppose temperance as great a virtue in him as in any +other man, I am unable to guess. He had no repugnance to good living; he +always kept a good table, though he could bear the reverse without +murmuring. He was a modest man, and rather bashful; of an agreeable +lively conversation, sensible and intelligent. In his temper he was +somewhat hasty, but of a disposition the most friendly, benevolent, and +humane. His person was above six feet high, and though a good-looking +man, he was plain both in address and appearance. His head was small, +his hair, which was a dark brown, he wore tied behind. His face was full +of expression, his nose exceedingly well-shaped, his eyes, which were +small and of a brown cast, were quick and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> piercing; his eyebrows +prominent, which gave his countenance altogether an air of austerity.</p> + +<p>He was beloved by his people, who looked up to him as to a father, and +obeyed his commands with alacrity. The confidence we placed in him was +unremitting; our admiration of his great talents unbounded; our esteem +for his good qualities affectionate and sincere.</p> + +<p>In exploring unknown countries, the dangers he had to encounter were +various and uncommon. On such occasions, he always displayed great +presence of mind, and a steady perseverance in pursuit of his object. +The acquisition he has made to our knowledge of the globe is immense, +besides improving the art of navigation, and enriching the science of +natural philosophy.</p> + +<p>He was remarkably distinguished for the activity of his mind: it was +that which enabled him to pay an unwearied attention to every object of +the service. The strict economy he observed in the expenditure of the +ship's stores, and the unremitting care he employed for the preservation +of the health of his people, were the causes that enabled him to +<ins class="correct" title="proscute">prosecute</ins> discoveries in remote parts of the globe, for such a length of +time as had been deemed impracticable by former navigators. The method +he discovered for preserving the health of seamen in long voyages, will +transmit his name to posterity as the friend and benefactor of mankind: +the success which attended it, afforded this truly great man more +satisfaction, than the distinguished fame that attended his discoveries.</p> + +<p>England has been unanimous in her tribute of applause to his virtues, +and all Europe has borne testimony to his merit. There is hardly a +corner of the earth, however remote and savage, that will not long +remember his benevolence and humanity. The grateful Indian, in time to +come, pointing to the herds grazing his fertile plains, will relate to +his children how the first stock of them was introduced into the +country; and the name of Cook will be remembered among those benign +spirits, whom they worship as the source of every good, and the fountain +of every blessing.</p> + +<p>It may not be amiss to observe, that the plate engraved by Sherwin, +after a painting by Dance, is a most excellent likeness of Captain Cook; +and more to be valued, as it is the only one I have seen that bears any +resemblance to him.</p> + + + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p> +<h2>Observations Respecting the Introduction of the Venereal Disease Into +the Sandwich Islands</h2> + + +<p>This publication affording a convenient opportunity, I embrace it, to +offer a few remarks upon a subject in some degree affecting the +reputation of the late voyages to the South Sea Islands. If we for a +moment suppose, that they have been the means of disseminating the +venereal disease among the inhabitants, the evil is of such a magnitude, +that we are induced to wish they had never been undertaken. For who +would not sooner remain ignorant of the interesting discoveries which +have been made, than bear the reflection of their having been attended +with such an irreparable injury to a happy and uncontaminated race of +people!</p> + +<p>It is a point of dispute between Captain Wallis and Mons. Bougainville, +which of their ships it was, that introduced the disease to Otaheite. +And we find, that Captain Cook was apprehensive of his people having +left it at the Friendly Islands. Without enquiring into the grounds of +conviction they had in former voyages, I am strongly inclined to +believe, from my observations in the last, that it is a subject about +which they are very liable to be deceived; and that what is laid down as +positive fact, could be no more than matter of opinion.</p> + +<p>In the last voyage, both Captains Cook and King were of opinion, that +the inhabitants of Sandwich Islands received that distemper from our +people. The great deference I pay to their judgment on every occasion, +will hardly allow me to dissent from it in the present instance; and yet +I must be allowed to say, that the same evidence which proved convincing +to them in this case, did by no means appear so to me, and I will +endeavour to assign my reasons. When we first discovered Sandwich +Islands, in the month of January, 1778, the ships anchored at two of +them (viz. Atowai (Kauai) and Neehaw (Niihau)) where parties were sent +ashore for water, and to purchase provisions of the natives. On this +occasion, I must bear my testimony (for I was then in the "Resolution") +to the very particular care taken by Captain Cook, to prevent any of his +people who were not in perfect health, from having communication with +the shore, and also to prevent women from coming on board the ships. +That this humane precaution answered the intended purpose, we had great +reason to believe; for not one of those who did go on shore was +afterwards in the surgeon's list, or known to have any complaint; which +was the most convincing proof we could have, of their being well at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> the +time. We therefore were under no apprehensions on this head, when we +visited these islands a second time, about eleven months from our first +discovering them. We then fell in with two islands, (viz. Mowee (Maui) +and Ouwhyee (Hawaii)) belonging to the group, which we had not seen +before; and very soon found that the venereal disease was not unknown to +the natives. This excited no little concern and astonishment among us, +and made us anxious to learn whether or no, so dreadful a calamity had +been left at Atowai (Kauai) by our ships, and so propagated to these +islands. But the scanty knowledge we had of their language, made this a +matter of great difficulty, and rendered the best intelligence we could +get, but vague and uncertain. While we were cruising off Ouwhyee +(Hawaii), I was told, that some Indians had visited the "Resolution" +with that complaint upon them, and that they seemed to intimate, that +our ships had left it at Atowai (Kauai); whence it had found its way to +this island.</p> + +<p>This account, I confess, appeared at once very improbable to me, and +rendered me very desirous of an opportunity to examine some of them +myself: for I found the above story gaining universal belief, and felt +somewhat hurt, that we should take to ourselves the ignominy of such an +imputation, without sufficient proof of its being just. During our stay +at Keragegooah bay (Kealakekua Bay), where we had constant opportunities +of directing our enquiries to the most intelligent of the natives, I met +with none who could give me any information on the subject, nor could I +learn that they had the least idea of our having left it at Atowai +(Kauai), or that it was a new thing amongst them. This circumstance, +added to the very slight reliance, which experience had taught me to +place in any intelligence obtained from the Indians, through the medium +of their language, confirmed me in the opinion I had entertained from +the first, that the meaning of those Indians had been misunderstood on +board the "Resolution." An instance happened soon afterwards which +convinced me, that no credit whatsoever is to be given to such +information. We had not been long arrived at Atowai (Kauai) a second +time, before an Indian came on board the "Discovery," who appeared to +the gentleman who first spoke to him, clearly to charge us with having +left the disease at that island, on our former visit. As I was known to +be an unbeliever, the man was at last referred to me; and, I confess, I +was a little staggered at first with the answers he gave me; but +presently, suspecting from his manner, that he would answer every +question proposed to him in the affirmative, I asked him, if they did +not receive the disease first from Oahoo (Oahu); a neighbouring<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> island, +which we had not touched at, when we were in these parts before: the man +directly answered, that they had; and strenuously persisted in the same, +every time the question was put to him, either by myself, or the +gentleman who had first examined him. Such contradictory accounts as +these, prove nothing, but our ignorance of their language, and +consequently, how apt we are to be misled in enquiries of this sort. I +never put any confidence in them myself, and have often been surprised +to see others put so much. Yet those who have maintained that we left +the disease at Sandwich Islands, have no better foundation than this, to +rest their opinion upon. Whether it be sufficient to support such an +accusation, I will leave others to judge, after what I have related +above; and proceed to point out such other circumstances as tend to +prove, that the disease was not left at these islands by our ships. From +everything we could learn, it appeared, that there is but little +intercourse between Atowai (Kauai) and the islands to windward, +especially Ouwhyee (Hawaii), which is about fifty leagues distant; and +the nearest to Atowai (Kauai), which is Oahoo (Oahu), is five and twenty +leagues. There is generally some misunderstanding between them, and, +excepting for hostile purposes, the inhabitants rarely visit each other. +But were we even to allow, that there is a frequent intercourse between +them, which from the distance alone is highly improbable, yet it is +hardly possible, that the disease should have spread so far, and so +universally, as we found it at Ouwhyee (Hawaii), in the short space of +time which intervened between our first and second visit to the Sandwich +Islands. On the same supposition, it will appear very extraordinary, +that we should have found it more common by far at Ouwhyee (Hawaii) than +at Atowai (Kauai), the place where we are supposed to have first left +it. That this was the case, however, from my situation at that time, as +surgeon of the "Discovery," I am able to pronounce with some certainty. +The priests pretended to be expert at curing it, and seemed to have an +established mode of treatment; which by no means implied, that it was a +recent complaint among them, much less that it was introduced only a few +months before.</p> + +<p>Whence, or at what time, the inhabitants of those islands received +disease, or whether or not it be indigenous among them, is what I do not +pretend even to guess: but from the circumstances above-mentioned, I +think myself warranted in saying, that there are by no means sufficient +proofs of our having first introduced it; but that, on the contrary, +there is every reason to believe, that they were afflicted with it +before we discovered those islands.</p> + + + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<h2><a name="FOOTNOTES" id="FOOTNOTES"></a>FOOTNOTES:</h2> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> I take it for granted, that most of those into whose hands +these pages may fall, have perused Captain Cook's last Voyage, and +therefore, I have all along mentioned the names of the principal actors +in this account, as people with whom they are already acquainted. But as +I differ so much in the orthography of the language of the Sandwich +Islands from that used in the printed Voyage, it becomes necessary for +me to explain the names I use in this narrative, by those already known. +It may appear strange, how we should differ so much; but so it +is:—which is the most accurate, some future visitor may determine. +</p> + +<table summary=""> +<tr><td>Karakakooa</td><td>I call Ke,rag,e,goo,ah (Kealakekua)</td></tr> +<tr><td>Terreeoboo</td><td>—— Kariopoo (Kaleiopuu, better known as Kalaniopuu)</td></tr> +<tr><td>Kowrowa</td><td>—— Kavaroah (Kaawaloa)</td></tr> +<tr><td>Kaneecabareea</td><td>—— Kaneekapo,herei (Kanekapulei)</td></tr> +<tr><td>Maiha maiha</td><td>—— Ka,mea,mea (Kamehameha)</td></tr> +</table> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Called Koah by Cook.—Ed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Called Kaneena by Cook; Kanina by Fornander.—Ed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Keoua Kuahuula and Keoua Peeale.—Ed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Probably Keoua Peeale.—Ed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> I have heard one of the gentlemen who were present say, +that the first injury he received was from a dagger, as it is +represented in the Voyage; but, from the account of many others, who +were also eye-witnesses, I am confident, in saying that he was first +struck with a club. I was afterwards confirmed in this, by Kaireekea +(Keliikia), the priest, who particularly mentioned the name of the man +who gave him the blow, as well as that of the chief who afterwards +struck him with the dagger. This is a point not worth disputing about: I +mention it, as being solicitous to be accurate in this account, even in +circumstances, of themselves, not very material.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Fornander II, page 193, identifies a Kalaimanokahoowaha as +Kanaina.—Ed.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> A remarkable instance of this I met with at Atowai (Kauai). +Tamataherei (Kamakahelei), the queen of that island, paid us a visit one +day on board the "Discovery," accompanied by her husband Taeoh +(Kaeokulani), and one of her daughters by her former husband Oteeha +(Kiha). [Possibly another name for Kaneoneo, the first husband of +Kamakahelei and father of Lelemahoalani.] The young princess, whose name +was Ore-reemo-horanee (Lelemahoalani), carried in her hand a very +elegant fly-flap, of a curious construction: the upper part of it was +variegated with alternate rings of tortoise shell and human bone, and +the handle, which was well polished, consisted of the greater part of +the os humeri of a chief, called Mahowra (Meheula). He had belonged to +the neighbouring island of Oahoo (Oahu), and, in a hostile descent he +made upon this coast, had been killed by Oteeha (Kiha), who was then +sovereign of Atowai (Kauai). And thus we found Orereemohoranee +(Lelemahoalani) carrying his bones about, as trophies of her father's +victory. The queen set a great value upon it, and was not willing to +part with it for any of our iron ware; but happening to cast her eyes +upon a wash-hand bason of mine, it struck her fancy, and she offered to +exchange; I accepted of her proposal, and the bones of the unfortunate +Mahowra (Meheula) came at last into my possession.</p></div> + + + +<hr class="chapter" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2> + +<hr style="width: 4em;" /> +<pre> + Atowai (<i>see</i> Kauai) + + + Clerke, Captain, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a> + + Coho (<i>see</i> Koho) + + Cooaha (<i>see</i> Kuaha) + + Cook, Captain, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a> + + Cook, Life of Captain James, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a> + + + Disease, Introduction of in Hawaii, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a> + + + Hawaii, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a> + + + Kaawaloa, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a> + + Kaeokulani (k), <a href="#Page_17">17</a> + + Kaireekea (<i>see</i> Keliikia) + + Kalaimanokahoowaha (k), <a href="#Page_16">16</a> + + Kalaniopuu (k), <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a> + + Kaleiopuu (<i>see</i> Kalaniopuu) + + Kalimo (k), <a href="#Page_12">12</a> + + Kamakahelei (w), <a href="#Page_17">17</a> + + Ka,mea,mea (<i>see</i> Kamehameha) + + Kamehameha (k), <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a> + + Kanaina (k), <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a> + + Kaneecabareea (<i>see</i> Kanekapulei) + + Kaneena (<i>see</i> Kanaina) + + Kanekapo,herei (<i>see</i> Kanekapulei) + + Kanekapulei (w), <a href="#Page_5">5</a> + + Kaneoneo (k), <a href="#Page_17">17</a> + + Kanina (<i>see</i> Kanaina) + + Kanynah (<i>see</i> Kanaina) + + Karakakooa (<i>see</i> Kealakekua) + + Kareemoo (<i>see</i> Kalimo) + + Karimano,craha (<i>see</i> Kalaimanokahoowaha) + + Kariopoo (<i>see</i> Kalaniopuu) + + Kauai, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a> + + Kavaroah (<i>see</i> Kaawaloa) + + Kealakekua, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a> + + Keliikia (k), <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a> + + Keoua Kuahuula (k), <a href="#Page_11">11</a> + + Keoua Peeale (k), <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> + + Keowa (<i>see</i> Keona Peeale) + + Kerag,e,goo,ah (<i>see</i> Kealakekua) + + Kiha (<i>see</i> Kaneoneo) + + King, Captain, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a> + + Koho (k), <a href="#Page_12">12</a> + + Koohowrooah (<i>see</i> Kuhaulua) + + Kowrowa (<i>see</i> Kaawaloa) + + Kuaha (k), <a href="#Page_6">6</a> + + Kuhaulua (k), <a href="#Page_11">11</a></pre> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> +<pre> + + Lelemahoalani (w), <a href="#Page_17">17</a> + + Lono (<i>see</i> Mea) + + + Mahowra (<i>see</i> Meheula) + + Maihamaiha (<i>see</i> Kamehameha) + + Maui, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a> + + Mea (k), <a href="#Page_10">10</a> + + Meheula (k), <a href="#Page_17">17</a> + + Mowee (<i>see</i> Maui) + + + Neehaw (<i>see</i> Niihau) + + Niihau, <a href="#Page_22">22</a> + + Nooah (<i>see</i> Nuaa) + + Nuaa (k), <a href="#Page_16">16</a> + + + Oahoo (<i>see</i> Oahu) + + Oahu, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a> + + Omea (<i>see</i> Mea) + + Ore,reemo,horanee (<i>see</i> Lelemahoalani) + + Orono (<i>see</i> Lono) + + Oteeha (<i>see</i> Kiha) + + Ou,why,ee (<i>see</i> Hawaii) + + + Palea (k), <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a> + + Pareah (<i>see</i> Palea) + + + Roberts, Mr., <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> + + + Taeoh (<i>see</i> Kaeokulani) + + Tamataherei (<i>see</i> Kamakehelei) + + Terreeoboo (<i>see</i> Kalaniopuu) + + + Vessels: + "Discovery", <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a> + "Resolution", <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a> + + + Williamson, Mr. John, <a href="#Page_13">13</a> +</pre> + +<div class="tn"> + +<h3><a name="TC" id="TC">Transcriber's Corrections</a></h3> + +<p>Following is a list of significant typographical errors that have been corrected.</p> + +<ul> +<li> Page <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, "explicity" changed to "explicitly" (so explicitly related).</li> + +<li> Page <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, "Resoluion" changed to "Resolution" (third lieutenant of the "Resolution").</li> + +<li> Page <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, "unforseen" changed to "unforeseen" (unexpected and unforeseen).</li> + +<li> Page <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, "the the" changed to "the" (towards the the navy).</li> + +<li> Page <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, "proscute" changed to "prosecute" (enabled him to prosecute).</li> + +</ul> + +</div> + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Narrative of the Death of Captain +James Cook, by David Samwell + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEATH OF CAPTAIN JAMES COOK *** + +***** This file should be named 34634-h.htm or 34634-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/6/3/34634/ + +Produced by Patrick Hopkins, Cindy Horton, Chris Curnow +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Narrative of the Death of Captain James Cook + +Author: David Samwell + +Release Date: December 13, 2010 [EBook #34634] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEATH OF CAPTAIN JAMES COOK *** + + + + +Produced by Patrick Hopkins, Cindy Horton, Chris Curnow +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +Transcriber's Note + +- Footnotes are located at the end of the text, before the index. + +- In general, geographical references, spelling, hyphenation, and +capitalization have been retained as in the original publication. + +- Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. + +- Significant typographical errors have been corrected. A full list of +these corrections is available in the Transcriber's Corrections section +at the end of the book. + + * * * * * + + + + + Hawaiian + Historical Society Reprints, (No. 2) + (1779) + + + + A Narrative of the Death + OF + Captain James Cook + + + + By DAVID SAMWELL + Surgeon of The Discovery + + + + LONDON: + Printed for G. C. J. and J. Robinson, Pater-Noster-Row + MDCCLXXXVI + + (The Edition of this Reprint is Limited to 500 Copies) + + + + +[Illustration: _CAPTAIN JAMES COOK_] + + + + + A + + N A R R A T I V E + + OF THE + + D E A T H + + OF + + C A P T A I N J A M E S C O O K. + + TO WHICH ARE ADDED SOME + + P A R T I C U L A R S, + + CONCERNING HIS + + L I F E A N D C H A R A C T E R. + + AND + + O B S E R V A T I O N S + + RESPECTING THE + + I N T R O D U C T I O N + + OF THE + + V E N E R E A L D I S E A S E + + INTO THE + + S A N D W I C H I S L A N D S. + + BY D A V I D S A M W E L L, + SURGEON OF THE DISCOVERY. + + L O N D O N: + PRINTED FOR G. C. J. AND J. ROBINSON, PATER-NOSTER-ROW, + MDCCLXXXVI. + + [Photographic reproduction of the original title page.] + + + + +Foreword + + +In presenting this reprint to our members the editor wishes to express +his thanks to Professor W. T. Brigham of the Bishop Museum for +furnishing him with a photograph of Captain Cook, from which the cut in +this reprint was made; to Mr. John F. G. Stokes of the Bishop Museum for +his assistance in identifying the Hawaiian names, and to Mr. J. W. +Waldron for furnishing a typewritten copy of the book of which this is a +reprint. + +The modern Hawaiian names are inserted in brackets following those given +in the text. + +This reprint was edited and indexed for the Hawaiian Historical Society +by Bruce Cartwright, Jr. + + + + +Preface + + +To those who have perused the account of the last voyage to the Pacific +Ocean, the following sheets may, at first sight, appear superfluous. The +author, however, being of the opinion, that the event of Captain Cook's +death has not yet been so explicitly related as the importance of it +required, trusts that this Narrative will not be found altogether a +repetition of what is already known. At the same time, he wishes to add +his humble testimony to the merit of the account given of this +transaction by Captain King. Its brevity alone can afford an excuse for +this publication, the object of which is to give a more particular +relation of that unfortunate affair, which he finds is in general but +imperfectly understood. He thinks himself warranted in saying this, from +having frequently observed, that the public opinion seemed to attribute +the loss of Captain Cook's life, in some measure, to rashness or too +much confidence on his side; whereas nothing can be more ill-founded or +unjust. It is, therefore, a duty which his friends owe to his character, +to have the whole affair candidly and fully related, whatever facts it +may involve, that may appear of a disagreeable nature to individuals. +The author is confident, that if Captain King could have foreseen, that +any wrong opinion respecting Captain Cook, would have been the +consequence of omitting some circumstances relative to his death; the +goodnatured motive that induced him to be silent, would not have stood a +moment in competition with the superior call of justice to the memory of +his friend. This publication, he is satisfied, would not have been +disapproved of by Captain King, for whose memory he has the highest +esteem, and to whose friendship he is under many obligations. He is +sanguine enough to believe that it will serve to remove a supposition, +in this single instance, injurious to the memory of Captain Cook, who +was no less distinguished for his caution and prudence, than for his +eminent abilities and undaunted resolution. + +The late appearance of this Narrative has been owing to the peculiar +situation of the writer, whose domestic residence is at a great distance +from the metropolis, and whose duty frequently calls him from home for +several months together. He has the pleasure of adding, that, in +publishing the following account of Captain Cook's death, he acts in +concurrence with the opinion of some very respectable persons. + + + + +Narrative of the Death of Captain Cook + + +In the month of January, 1779, the "Resolution" and "Discovery" lay +about a fortnight at anchor in the bay of Kerag,e,goo,ah[1] +(Kealakekua), in the Island of Ou-why-ee (Hawaii). During that time, the +ships were most plentifully supplied with provisions by natives, with +whom we lived on the most friendly terms. We were universally treated by +them with kind attention and hospitality; but the respect they paid to +Captain Cook, was little short of adoration. It was, therefore, with +sentiments of the most perfect good-will towards the inhabitants, that +we left the harbour, on the fourth of February. It was Captain Cook's +intention to visit the other islands to leeward, and we stood to the +westward, towards Mowee (Maui), attended by several canoes full of +people, who were willing to accompany us as far as they could, before +they bade us a final adieu. + +On the sixth, we were overtaken by a gale of wind; and the next night, +the "Resolution" had the misfortune of springing the head of her +foremast, in such a dangerous manner, that Captain Cook was obliged to +return to Keragegooah (Kealakekua), in order to have it repaired; for we +could find no other convenient harbour on the island. The same gale had +occasioned much distress among some canoes, that had paid a visit from +the shore. One of them, with two men and a child on board, was picked up +by the "Resolution," and rescued from destruction: the men, having +toiled hard all night, in attempting to reach the land, were so much +exhausted, that they could hardly mount the ship's side. When they got +upon the quarter-deck, they burst into tears, and seemed much affected +with the dangerous situation from which they had escaped; but the little +child appeared lively and cheerful. One of the "Resolution's" boats was +also so fortunate as to save a man and two women, whose canoe had been +upset by the violence of the waves. They were brought on board, and, +with the others, partook of the kindness and humanity of Captain Cook. + +On the morning of Wednesday, the tenth, we were within a few miles of +the harbour; and were soon joined by several canoes, in which appeared +many of our old acquaintances; who seemed to have come to welcome us +back. Among them was Coo,aha[2] (Kuaha), a priest: he had brought a +small pig, and some cocoa nuts in his hand, which, after having chaunted +a few sentences, he presented to Captain Clerke. He then left us, and +hastened on board the "Resolution," to perform the same friendly +ceremony before Captain Cook. Having but light winds all that day, we +could not gain the harbour. In the afternoon, a chief of the first rank, +and nearly related to Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), paid us a visit on board +the "Discovery." His name was Ka,mea,mea (Kamehameha): he was dressed in +a very rich feathered cloke, which he seemed to have brought for sale, +but would part with it for nothing except iron daggers. These, the +chiefs, some time before our departure, had preferred to every other +article; for having received a plentiful supply of hatchets and other +tools, they began to collect a store of warlike instruments. Kameamea +(Kamehameha) procured nine daggers for his cloke, and being pleased with +his reception, he and his attendants slept on board that night. + +In the morning of the eleventh of February, the ships anchored again in +Keragegooah bay (Kealakekua Bay), and preparation was immediately made +for landing the "Resolution's" foremast. We were visited but by few of +the Indians, because there were but few in the bay. On our departure, +those belonging to other parts, had repaired to their several +habitations, and were again to collect from various quarters, before we +could expect to be surrounded by such multitudes as we had once seen in +that harbour. In the afternoon I walked about a mile into the country, +to visit an Indian friend, who had, a few days before, come near twenty +miles, in a small canoe, to see me, while the ship lay becalmed. As the +canoe had not left us long before a gale of wind came on, I was alarmed +for the consequence; however, I had the pleasure to find that my friend +had escaped unhurt, though not without some difficulties. I take notice +of this short excursion, merely because it afforded me an opportunity +of observing, that there appeared no change in the disposition or +behaviour of the inhabitants. I saw nothing that could induce me to +think, that they were displeased with our return, or jealous of the +intention of our second visit. On the contrary, that abundant good +nature which had always characterised them, seemed still to glow in +every bosom, and to animate every countenance. + +The next day, February the twelfth, the ships were put under a taboo, by +the chiefs, a solemnity, it seems, that was requisite to be observed +before Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), the king, paid his first visit to Captain +Cook, after his return. He waited upon him the same day, on board the +"Resolution," attended by a large train, some of which bore the presents +designed for Captain Cook, who received him in his usual friendly +manner, and gave him several articles in return. This amicable ceremony +being settled, the taboo was dissolved, matters went on in the usual +train, and the next day, February the thirteenth, we were visited by the +natives in great numbers; the "Resolution's" mast was landed, and the +astronomical observatories erected on their former situation. I landed, +with another gentleman, at the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa), where we +found a great number of canoes, just arrived from different parts of the +island, and the Indians busy in constructing temporary huts on the +beach, for their residence during the stay of the ships. On our return +on board the "Discovery," we learned that an Indian had been detected in +stealing the armourer's tongs from the forge, for which he received a +pretty severe flogging, and was sent out of the ship. Notwithstanding +the example made of this man, in the afternoon another had the audacity +to snatch the tongs and a chizel from the same place, with which he +jumped overboard, and swam for the shore. The master and a midshipman +were instantly dispatched after him, in the small cutter. The Indian +seeing himself pursued, made for a canoe: his countrymen took him on +board, and paddled as swift as they could towards the shore; we fired +several muskets at them, but to no effect, for they soon got out of the +reach of our shot. Pareah (Palea), one of the chiefs, who was at that +time on board the "Discovery," understanding what had happened, +immediately went ashore, promising to bring back the stolen goods. Our +boat was so far distanced, in chasing the canoe which had taken the +chief on board, that he had time to make his escape into the country. +Captain Cook, who was then on shore, endeavoured to intercept his +landing; but it seems, that he was led out of the way by some of the +natives, who had officiously intruded themselves as guides. As the +master was approaching near the landing-place, he was met by some of the +Indians in a canoe; they had brought back the tongs and chizel, together +with another article, that we had not missed, which happened to be the +lid of the water-cask. Having recovered these things, he was returning +on board, when he was met by the "Resolution's" pinnace, with five men +in her, who, without any orders, had come from the observatories to his +assistance. Being thus unexpectedly reinforced, he thought himself +strong enough to insist upon having the thief, or the canoe which took +him in, delivered up as reprizals. With that view he turned back; and +having found the canoe on the beach, he was preparing to launch it into +the water when Pareah (Palea) made his appearance, and insisted upon his +not taking it away, as it was his property. The officer not regarding +him, the chief seized upon him, pinioned his arms behind, and held him +by the hair of his head: on which, one of the sailors struck him with an +oar: Pareah (Palea) instantly quitted the officer, snatched the oar out +of the man's hand, and snapped it in two across his knee. At length, the +multitude began to attack our people with stones. They made some +resistance, but were soon overpowered, and obliged to swim for safety to +the small cutter, which lay farther out than the pinnace. The officers, +not being expert swimmers, retreated to a small rock in the water, where +they were closely pursued by the Indians. One man darted a broken oar at +the master; but his foot slipping at the time, he missed him, which +fortunately saved that officer's life. At last, Pareah (Palea) +interfered, and put an end to their violence. The Gentlemen, knowing +that his presence was their only defense against the fury of the +natives, entreated him to stay with them, till they could get off in the +boats; but that he refused, and left them. The master went to seek +assistance from the party at the observatories; but the midshipman chose +to remain in the pinnace. He was very rudely treated by the mob, who +plundered the boat of everything that was loose on board, and then began +to knock her to pieces, for the sake of the ironwork: but Pareah (Palea) +fortunately returned in time to prevent her destruction. He had met the +other gentleman on his way to the observatories, and suspecting his +errand, had forced him to return. He dispersed the crowd again, and +desired the gentlemen to return on board; they represented, that all the +oars had been taken out of the boat: on which he brought some of them +back, and the gentlemen were glad to get off, without further +molestation. They had not proceeded far, before they were overtaken by +Pareah (Palea), in a canoe; he delivered the midshipman's cap, which had +been taken from him in the scuffle, joined noses with them, in token of +reconciliation, and was anxious to know, if Captain Cook would kill him +for what had happened. They assured him of the contrary, and made signs +of friendship to him in return. He then left them, and paddled over to +the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa), and that was the last time we ever saw +him. Captain Cook returned on board soon after, much displeased with the +whole of this disagreeable business; and the same night, sent a +lieutenant on board the "Discovery," to learn the particulars of it, as +it had originated in that ship. + +It was remarkable, that in the midst of the hurry and confusion +attending this affair, Kanynah[3] (Kanaina), a chief who had always been +on terms particularly friendly with us, came from the spot where it +happened, with a hog to sell on board the "Discovery:" it was of an +extraordinary large size, and he demanded for it a pahowa (pahoa), or +dagger, of an unusual length. He pointed to us, that it must be as long +as his arm. Captain Clerke not having one of that length, told him, he +would get one made for him by the morning; with which being satisfied, +he left the hog, and went ashore without making any stay with us. It +will not be altogether foreign to the subject, to mention a +circumstance, that happened to-day on board the "Resolution." An Indian +Chief asked Captain Cook at his table, if he was a Tata Toa (Hakaka +Koa); which means a fighting man, or a soldier. Being answered in the +affirmative, he desired to see his wounds: Captain Cook held out his +right-hand, which had a scar upon it, dividing the thumb from the +finger, the whole length of the metacarpal bones. The Indian, being thus +convinced of his being a Toa (Koa), put the same question to another +gentleman present, but he happened to have none of those distinguishing +marks: the chief then said, that he himself was a Toa (Koa), and showed +the scars of some wounds he had received in battle. Those who were on +duty at the observatories, were disturbed during the night, with shrill +and melancholy sounds, issuing from the adjacent villages, which they +took to be the lamentations of the women. Perhaps the quarrel between +us, might have filled their minds with apprehensions for the safety of +their husbands: but, be that as it may, their mournful cries struck the +sentinels with unusual awe and terror. + +To widen the breach between us, some of the Indians in the night, took +away the "Discovery's" large cutter, which lay swamped at the buoy of +one of her anchors: they had carried her off so quietly, that we did not +miss her till the morning, Sunday, February the fourteenth. Captain +Clerke lost no time in waiting upon Captain Cook, to acquaint him with +the accident; he returned on board, with orders for the launch and small +cutter to go, under the command of the second lieutenant, and lie off +the east point of the bay, in order to intercept all canoes that might +attempt to get out; and, if he found it necessary, to fire upon them. At +the same time, the third lieutenant of the "Resolution," with the launch +and small cutter, was sent on the same service, to the opposite point of +the bay; and the master was dispatched in the large cutter, in pursuit +of a double canoe, already under sail, making the best of her way out of +the harbour. He soon came up with her, and by firing a few muskets, +drove her on shore, and the Indians left her: this happened to be the +canoe of Omea (Mea), a man who bore the title of Orono (Lono). He was on +board himself, and it would have been fortunate, if our people had +secured him, for his person was held as sacred as that of the king. +During this time, Captain Cook was preparing to go ashore himself, at +the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa), in order to secure the person of +Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), before he should have time to withdraw himself to +another part of the island, out of our reach. This appeared the most +effectual step that could be taken on the present occasion, for the +recovery of the boat. It was the measure he had invariably pursued, in +similar cases, at other islands in these seas, and it had always been +attended with the desired success: in fact, it would be difficult to +point out any other mode of proceeding on these emergencies, likely to +attain the object in view. We had reason to suppose, that the king and +his attendants had fled when the alarm was first given; in that case, it +was Captain Cook's intention to secure the large canoes which were +hauled upon the beach. He left the ship about seven o'clock, attended by +the lieutenant of marines, a serjeant, corporal, and seven private men: +the pinnace's crew were also armed, and under the command of Mr. +Roberts. As they rowed towards the shore, Captain Cook ordered the +launch to leave her station at the west point of the bay, in order to +assist his own boat. This is a circumstance worthy of notice; for it +clearly shows, that he was not unapprehensive of meeting with resistance +from the natives; or unmindful of the necessary preparation for the +safety of himself and his people. I will venture to say, that from the +appearance of things, just at that time, there was not one, beside +himself, who judged that such precaution was absolutely requisite; so +little did his conduct on the occasion bear the marks of rashness, or a +precipitate self-confidence! He landed, with the marines, at the upper +end of the town of Kavaroah (Kaawaloa): the Indians immediately flocked +round, as usual, and showed him the customary marks of respect, by +prostrating themselves before him. There were no signs of hostilities, +or much alarm among them. Captain Cook, however, did not seem willing to +trust to appearances; but was particularly attentive to the disposition +of the marines, and to have them kept clear of the crowd. He first +enquired for the king's sons, two youths[4] who were much attached to +him, and generally his companions on board. Messengers being sent for +them, they soon came to him, and informing him that their father was +asleep, at a house not far from them, he accompanied them thither, and +took the marines along with them. As he passed along, the natives every +where prostrated themselves before him, and seemed to have lost no part +of that respect they had always shown to his person. He was joined by +several chiefs, among whom was Kanynah (Kanaina), and his brother +Koohowrooah (Kuhaulua?). They kept the crowd in order, according to +their usual custom; and being ignorant of his intention in coming on +shore, frequently asked him if he wanted any hogs, or other provisions; +he told them that he did not, and that his business was to see the king. +When he arrived at the house he ordered some of the Indians to go in, +and inform Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), that he waited without to speak with +him. They came out two or three times, and instead of returning any +answer from the king, presented some pieces of red cloth to him, which +made Captain Cook suspect that he was not in the house; he therefore +desired the lieutenant of marines to go in. The lieutenant found the old +man just awaked from sleep, and seemingly alarmed at the message; but he +came out without hesitation. Captain Cook took him by the hand, and in a +friendly manner, asked him to go on board, to which he very readily +consented. Thus far matters appeared in a favourable train, and the +natives did not seem much alarmed or apprehensive of hostility on our +side; at which Captain Cook expressed himself a little surprized, +saying, that as the inhabitants of that town appeared innocent of +stealing the cutter, he should not molest them, but that he must get the +king on board. Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu) sat down before his door, and was +surrounded by a great crowd: Kanynah (Kanaina) and his brother were both +very active in keeping order among them. In a little time, however, the +Indians were observed arming themselves with long spears, clubs, and +daggers, and putting on thick mats, which they use as armour. This +hostile appearance increased, and became more alarming, on the arrival +of two men in a canoe from the opposite side of the bay, with the news +of a chief, called Kareemoo (Kalimo), having been killed by one of the +"Discovery's" boats, in their passage across: they had also delivered +this account to each of the ships. Upon that information, the women, who +were sitting upon the beach at their breakfasts, and conversing +familiarly with our people in the boats, retired, and a confused murmur +spread through the crowd. An old priest came to Captain Cook, with a +cocoa nut in his hand, which he held out to him as a present, at the +same time singing very loud. He was often desired to be silent, but in +vain: he continued importunate and troublesome, and there was no such +thing as getting rid of him or his noise: it seemed, as if he meant to +divert their attention from his countrymen, who were growing more +tumultuous, and arming themselves in every quarter. Captain Cook, being +at the same time surrounded by a great crowd, thought his situation +rather hazardous: he therefore ordered the lieutenant of marines to +march his small party to the water-side, where the boats lay within a +few yards of the shore: the Indians readily made a lane for them to +pass, and did not offer to interrupt them. The distance they had to go +might be about fifty or sixty yards; Captain Cook followed, having hold +of Kariopoo's (Kalaniopuu's) hand, who accompanied him very willingly: +he was attended by his wife, two sons, and several chiefs. The +troublesome old priest followed, making the same savage noise. Keowa +(Keoua)[5], the younger son, went directly into the pinnace, expecting +his father to follow; but just as he arrived at the water-side, his wife +threw her arms about his neck, and, with the assistance of two chiefs, +forced him to sit down by the side of a double canoe. Captain Cook +expostulated with them, but to no purpose: they would not suffer the +king to proceed, telling him, that he would be put to death if he went +on board the ship. Kariopoo (Kalaniopuu), whose conduct seemed entirely +resigned to the will of others, hung down his head, and appeared much +distressed. + +While the king was in this situation, a chief, well known to us, of the +name of Coho (Koho), was observed lurking near, with an iron dagger, +partly concealed under his cloke, seemingly, with the intention of +stabbing Captain Cook, or the lieutenant of marines. The latter proposed +to fire at him, but Captain Cook would not permit it. Coho (Koho) +closing upon them, obliged the officer to strike him with his piece, +which made him retire. Another Indian laid hold of the serjeant's +musket, and endeavoured to wrench it from him, but was prevented by the +lieutenant's making a blow at him. Captain Cook, seeing the tumult +increase, and the Indians growing more daring and resolute, observed, +that if he were to take the king off by force, he could not do it +without sacrificing the lives of many of his people. He then paused a +little, and was on the point of giving his order to reimbark, when a man +threw a stone at him; which he returned with a discharge of small shot, +(with which one barrel of his double piece was loaded). The man, having +a thick mat before him, received little or no hurt; he brandished his +spear, and threatened to dart it at Captain Cook, who being still +unwilling to take away his life, instead of firing with ball, knocked +him down with his musket. He expostulated strongly with the most forward +of the crowd, upon their turbulent behaviour. He had given up all +thoughts of getting the king on board, as it appeared impracticable; and +his care was then only to act on the defensive, and to secure a safe +embarkation for his small party, which was closely pressed by a body of +several thousand people. Keowa (Keoua), the king's son, who was in the +pinnace, being alarmed on hearing the first firing, was, at his own +entreaty, put on shore again; for even at that time, Mr. Roberts, who +commanded her, did not apprehend that Captain Cook's person was in any +danger: otherwise he would have detained the prince, which, no doubt, +would have been a great check on the Indians. One man was observed, +behind a double canoe, in the action of darting his spear at Captain +Cook, who was forced to fire at him in his own defence, but happened to +kill another close to him, equally forward in the tumult: the serjeant +observing that he had missed the man he aimed at, received orders to +fire at him, which he did, and killed him. By this time, the impetuosity +of the Indians was somewhat repressed; they fell back in a body, and +seemed staggered; but being pushed on by those behind, they returned to +the charge, and poured a volley of stones among the marines, who, +without waiting for orders, returned it with a general discharge of +musketry, which was instantly followed by a fire from the boats. At this +Captain Cook was heard to express his astonishment: he waved his hand to +the boats, called to them to cease firing, and to come nearer in to +receive the marines. Mr. Roberts immediately brought the pinnace as +close to the shore as he could, without grounding, notwithstanding the +showers of stones that fell among the people; but Mr. John Williamson, +the lieutenant, who commanded in the launch, instead of pulling in to +the assistance of Captain Cook, withdrew his boat further off, at the +moment that everything seems to have depended upon the timely exertions +of those in the boats. By his own account, he mistook the signal: but be +that as it may, this circumstance appears to me, to have decided the +fatal turn of the affair, and to have removed every chance which +remained with Captain Cook, of escaping with his life. The business of +saving the marines out of the water, in consequence of that, fell +altogether upon the pinnace; which thereby became so much crowded, that +the crew were, in a great measure, prevented from using their fire-arms, +or giving what assistance they otherwise might have done, to Captain +Cook; so that he seems, at the most critical point of time, to have +wanted the assistance of both boats, owing to the removal of the launch. +For notwithstanding that they kept up a fire on the crowd from the +situation to which they removed in that boat, the fatal confusion which +ensued on her being withdrawn, to say the least of it, must have +prevented the full effect, that the prompt co-operation of the two +boats, according to Captain Cook's orders, must have had, towards the +preservation of himself and his people. At that time, it was to the +boats alone, that Captain Cook had to look for his safety; for when the +marines had fired, the Indians rushed among them, and forced them into +the water, where four of them were killed: their lieutenant was wounded, +but fortunately escaped, and was taken up by the pinnace. Captain Cook +was then the only one remaining on the rock: he was observed making for +the pinnace, holding his left-hand against the back of his head, to +guard it from the stones, and carrying his musket under the other arm. +An Indian was seen following him, but with caution and timidity; for he +stopped once or twice, as if undetermined to proceed. At last he +advanced upon him unawares, and with a large club,[6] or common stake, +gave him a blow on the back of the head, and then precipitately +retreated. The stroke seemed to have stunned Captain Cook: he staggered +a few paces, then fell on his hand and one knee, and dropped his musket. +As he was rising, and before he could recover his feet, another Indian +stabbed him in the back of the neck with an iron dagger. He then fell +into a bite of water about knee deep, where others crowded upon him, and +endeavoured to keep him under: but struggling very strongly with them, +he got his head up, and casting his look towards the pinnace, seemed to +solicit assistance. Though the boat was not above five or six yards +distant from him, yet from the crowded and confused state of the crew, +it seems, it was not in their power to save him. The Indians got him +under again, but in deeper water: he was, however, able to get his head +up once more, and being almost spent in the struggle, he naturally +turned to the rock, and was endeavouring to support himself by it, when +a savage gave him a blow with a club, and he was seen alive no more. +They hauled him up lifeless on the rocks, where they seemed to take a +savage pleasure in using every barbarity to his dead body, snatching the +daggers out of each other's hands, to have the horrid satisfaction of +piercing the fallen victim of their barbarous rage. + +I need make no reflection on the great loss we suffered on this +occasion, or attempt to describe what we felt. It is enough to say, that +no man was ever more beloved or admired; and it is truly painful to +reflect, that he seems to have fallen a sacrifice merely for want of +being properly supported; a fate, singularly to be lamented, as having +fallen to his lot, who had ever been conspicuous for his care of those +under his command, and who seemed, to the last, to pay as much attention +to their preservation, as to that of his own life. + +If any thing could have added to the shame and indignation universally +felt on the occasion, it was to find, that his remains had been +deserted, and left exposed on the beach, although they might have been +brought off. It appears, from the information of four or five +midshipmen, who arrived on the spot at the conclusion of the fatal +business, that the beach was then almost entirely deserted by the +Indians, who at length had given way to the fire of the boats, and +dispersed through the town: so that there seemed no great obstacle to +prevent the recovery of Captain Cook's body; but the lieutenant returned +on board without making the attempt. It is unnecessary to dwell longer +on this painful subject, and to relate the complaints and censures that +fell on the conduct of the lieutenant. It will be sufficient to observe, +that they were so loud, as to oblige Captain Clerke publicly to notice +them, and to take the depositions of his accusers down in writing. The +Captain's bad state of health and approaching dissolution, it is +supposed, induced him to destroy these papers a short time before his +death. + +It is a painful task, to be obliged to notice circumstances, which seem +to reflect upon the character of any man. A strict regard to truth, +however, compelled me to the insertion of these facts, which I have +offered merely as facts, without presuming to connect with them any +comment of my own: esteeming it the part of a faithful historian, "to +extenuate nothing, nor set down ought in malice." + +The fatal accident happened about eight o'clock in the morning, about an +hour after Captain Cook landed. It did not seem, that the king, or his +sons, were witnesses to it; but it is supposed that they withdrew in the +midst of the tumult. The principal actors were the other chiefs, many of +them the king's relations and attendants: the man who stabbed him with +the dagger was called Nooah (Nuaa). I happened to be the only one who +recollected his person, from having on a former occasion mentioned his +name in the journal I kept. I was induced to take particular notice of +him, more from his personal appearance than any other consideration, +though he was of high rank, and a near relation of the king: he was +stout and tall, with a fierce look and demeanour, and one who united in +his figure the two qualities of strength and agility, in a greater +degree, than ever I remembered to have seen before in any other man. His +age might be about thirty, and by the white scurf on his skin, and his +sore eyes, he appeared to be a hard drinker of Kava (awa). He was a +constant companion of the king, with whom I first saw him, when he paid +a visit to Captain Clerke. The chief who first struck Captain Cook with +the club, was called Karimano-craha[7] (Kalaimanokahoowaha), but I did +not know him by his name. These circumstances I learnt of honest +Kaireekea (Keliikia), the priest; who added, that they were both held in +great esteem on account of that action; neither of them came near us +afterwards. When the boats left the shore, the Indians carried away the +dead body of Captain Cook and those of the marines, to the rising +ground, at the back of the town, where we could plainly see them with +our glasses from the ships. + +This most melancholy accident, appears to have been altogether +unexpected and unforeseen, as well on the part of the natives as +ourselves. I never saw sufficient reason to induce me to believe, that +there was any thing of design, or a pre-concerted plan on their side, or +that they purposely sought to quarrel with us: thieving, which gave rise +to the whole, they were equally guilty of, in our first and second +visits. It was the cause of every misunderstanding that happened between +us: their petty thefts were generally overlooked, but sometimes slightly +punished: the boat, which they at last ventured to take away, was an +object of no small magnitude to people in our situation, who could not +possibly replace her, and therefore not slightly to be given up. We had +no other chance of recovering her, but by getting the person of the king +into our possession: on our attempting to do that, the natives became +alarmed for his safety, and naturally opposed those whom they deemed +his enemies. In the sudden conflict that ensued, we had the unspeakable +misfortune of losing our excellent Commander, in the manner already +related. It is in this light the affair has always appeared to me, as +entirely accidental, and not in the least owing to any previous offence +received, or jealousy of our second visit entertained by the natives. + +Pareah (Palea) seems to have been the principal instrument in bringing +about this fatal disaster. We learnt afterwards, that it was he who had +employed some people to steal the boat: the king did not seem to be +privy to it, or even apprized of what had happened, till Captain Cook +landed. + +It was generally remarked, that at first, the Indians shewed great +resolution in facing our fire-arms; but it was entirely owing to +ignorance of their effect. They thought that their thick mats would +defend them from a ball, as well as from a stone; but being soon +convinced of their error, yet still at a loss to account how such +execution was done among them, they had recourse to a stratagem, which, +though it answered no other purpose, served to show their ingenuity and +quickness of invention. Observing the flashes of the muskets, they +naturally concluded, that water would counteract their effect, and +therefore, very sagaciously dipped their mats, or armour in the sea, +just as they came on to face our people: but finding this last resource +to fail them, they soon dispersed, and left the beach entirely clear. It +was an object they never neglected, even at the greatest hazard, to +carry off their slain; a custom, probably, owing to the barbarity with +which they treat the dead body of an enemy, and the trophies they make +of his bones.[8] + + + + +Some Particulars Concerning the Life and Character of Captain Cook + + +Captain Cook was born at Marton, in Cleaveland, in the county of York, a +small village, distant five miles south-east from Stockton. His name is +found in the parish register in the year 1729 (so that Captain King was +mistaken, in placing the time of his birth in the year 1727). The +cottage in which his father formerly lived, is now decayed, but the spot +where it stood is still shewn to strangers. A gentleman is now living in +that neighbourhood, with whom the old man formerly worked as a common +day-labourer in the fields. However, though placed in this humble +station, he gave his son a common school education, and at an early age, +placed him apprentice with one Mr. Saunderson, a shopkeeper at Staith +(always pronounced Steers), a small fishing-town on the Yorkshire coast, +about nine miles to the northward of Whitby. The business is now carried +on by the son of Mr. Saunderson, in the same shop, which I had the +curiosity to visit about a year and a half ago. In that situation young +Cook did not continue long, before he quitted it in disgust, and, as +often happens in the like cases, betook himself to the sea. Whitby being +a neighbouring sea-port, readily offered him an opportunity to pursue +his inclination; and there we find he bound himself apprentice, for nine +years, in the coal trade, to one Mr. John Walker, now living in South +Whitby. In his employ, he afterwards became mate of a ship; in which +station having continued some time, he had the offer of being master, +which he refused, as it seems he had at that time turned his thoughts +towards the navy. Accordingly, at the breaking out of the war in 1755, +he entered on board the "Eagle," of fifty-four guns, and in a short time +after, Sir Hugh Palliser was appointed to the command of that ship, a +circumstance that must not be passed unnoticed, as it proved the +foundation of the future fame and fortune of Captain Cook. His uncommon +merit did not long escape the observation of that discerning officer, +who promoted him to the quarter-deck, and ever after patronized him with +such zeal and attention, as must reflect the highest honour upon his +character. To Sir Hugh Palliser is the world indebted, for having first +noticed in an obscure situation, and afterwards brought forward in life, +the greatest nautical genius that ever any age or country has produced. +In the year 1758, we find him master of the "Northumberland," then in +America, under the command of Lord Colville. It was there, he has been +heard to say, that during a hard winter he first read Euclid, and +applied himself to the study of astronomy and the mathematics, in which +he made no inconsiderable progress, assisted only by his own ingenuity +and industry. At the time he thus found means to cultivate and improve +his mind, and to supply the deficiency of an early education, he was +constantly engaged in the most busy and active scenes of the war in +America. At the siege of Quebec, Sir Hugh Palliser made him known to Sir +Charles Saunders, who committed to his charge the conducting of the +boats to the attack of Mount Morenci, and the embarkation that scaled +the heights of Abraham. He was also employed to examine the passage of +the river St. Laurence, and to lay buoys for the direction of the men of +war. In short, in whatever related to the reduction of that place in the +naval department, he had a principal share, and conducted himself so +well throughout the whole, as to recommend himself to the commander in +chief. At the conclusion of the war, Sir Hugh Palliser having the +command on the Newfoundland station, he appointed him to survey that +Island and the coast of Labradore, and gave him the "Grenville" brig for +that purpose. How well he performed that service, the charts he has +published afford sufficient testimony. In that employment he continued +till the year 1767, when the well known voyage to the South Sea, for +observing the transit of Venus, and making discoveries in that vast +ocean was planned. Lord Hawke, who then presided at the Admiralty, was +strongly solicited to give the command of that expedition to Mr. +Alexander Dalrymple; but through the interest of his friend Sir Hugh +Palliser, Captain Cook obtained the appointment, together with the rank +of lieutenant. It was stipulated, that on his return, he should, if he +chose it, again hold the place of surveyor of Newfoundland, and that his +family should be provided for, in case of an accident to himself. + +He sailed from England in the "Endeavour," in the year 1768, accompanied +by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, and returned in 1771; after having +circumnavigated the globe, made several important discoveries in the +South Sea, and explored the islands of New Zealand, and great part of +the coast of New Holland. The skill and ability with which he conducted +that expedition, ranked his name high as a navigator, and could not fail +of recommending him to that great patron of naval merit, the Earl of +Sandwich, who then presided at the board of Admiralty. He was promoted +to the rank of master and commander, and a short time afterwards, +appointed to conduct another expedition to the Pacific Ocean, in search +of the supposed Southern continent, and added many valuable discoveries +to those he had before made in the South Sea. His own account of it is +before the public, and he is no less admired for the accuracy and +extensive knowledge which he has displayed in that work, than for his +skill and intrepidity in conducting the expedition. On his return, he +was promoted to the rank of post-captain, and appointed one of the +captains of Greenwich hospital. In that Retirement he did not continue +long: for an active life best suiting his disposition, he offered his +services to conduct a third expedition to the South Sea, which was then +in agitation, in order to explore a northern passage from Europe to +Asia: in this he unfortunately lost his life, but not till he had fully +accomplished the object of the voyage. + +The character of Captain Cook will be best exemplified by the services +he has performed, which are universally known, and have ranked his name +above that of any navigator of ancient or of modern times. Nature had +endowed him with a mind vigorous and comprehensive, which in his riper +years he had cultivated with care and industry. His general knowledge +was extensive and various: in that of his own profession he was +unequalled. With a clear judgment, strong masculine sense, and the most +determined resolution; with a genius particularly turned for enterprize, +he pursued his object with unshaken perseverence:--vigilent and active +in an eminent degree:--cool and intrepid among dangers; patient and firm +under difficulties and distress; fertile in expedients; great and +original in all his designs; active and resolved in carrying them into +execution. These qualities rendered him the animating spirit of the +expedition: in every situation, he stood unrivalled and alone; on him +all eyes were turned; he was our leading-star, which at its setting, +left us involved in darkness and despair. + +His constitution was strong, his mode of living temperate: why Captain +King should not suppose temperance as great a virtue in him as in any +other man, I am unable to guess. He had no repugnance to good living; he +always kept a good table, though he could bear the reverse without +murmuring. He was a modest man, and rather bashful; of an agreeable +lively conversation, sensible and intelligent. In his temper he was +somewhat hasty, but of a disposition the most friendly, benevolent, and +humane. His person was above six feet high, and though a good-looking +man, he was plain both in address and appearance. His head was small, +his hair, which was a dark brown, he wore tied behind. His face was full +of expression, his nose exceedingly well-shaped, his eyes, which were +small and of a brown cast, were quick and piercing; his eyebrows +prominent, which gave his countenance altogether an air of austerity. + +He was beloved by his people, who looked up to him as to a father, and +obeyed his commands with alacrity. The confidence we placed in him was +unremitting; our admiration of his great talents unbounded; our esteem +for his good qualities affectionate and sincere. + +In exploring unknown countries, the dangers he had to encounter were +various and uncommon. On such occasions, he always displayed great +presence of mind, and a steady perseverance in pursuit of his object. +The acquisition he has made to our knowledge of the globe is immense, +besides improving the art of navigation, and enriching the science of +natural philosophy. + +He was remarkably distinguished for the activity of his mind: it was +that which enabled him to pay an unwearied attention to every object of +the service. The strict economy he observed in the expenditure of the +ship's stores, and the unremitting care he employed for the preservation +of the health of his people, were the causes that enabled him to +prosecute discoveries in remote parts of the globe, for such a length of +time as had been deemed impracticable by former navigators. The method +he discovered for preserving the health of seamen in long voyages, will +transmit his name to posterity as the friend and benefactor of mankind: +the success which attended it, afforded this truly great man more +satisfaction, than the distinguished fame that attended his discoveries. + +England has been unanimous in her tribute of applause to his virtues, +and all Europe has borne testimony to his merit. There is hardly a +corner of the earth, however remote and savage, that will not long +remember his benevolence and humanity. The grateful Indian, in time to +come, pointing to the herds grazing his fertile plains, will relate to +his children how the first stock of them was introduced into the +country; and the name of Cook will be remembered among those benign +spirits, whom they worship as the source of every good, and the fountain +of every blessing. + +It may not be amiss to observe, that the plate engraved by Sherwin, +after a painting by Dance, is a most excellent likeness of Captain Cook; +and more to be valued, as it is the only one I have seen that bears any +resemblance to him. + + + + +Observations Respecting the Introduction of the Venereal Disease Into +the Sandwich Islands + + +This publication affording a convenient opportunity, I embrace it, to +offer a few remarks upon a subject in some degree affecting the +reputation of the late voyages to the South Sea Islands. If we for a +moment suppose, that they have been the means of disseminating the +venereal disease among the inhabitants, the evil is of such a magnitude, +that we are induced to wish they had never been undertaken. For who +would not sooner remain ignorant of the interesting discoveries which +have been made, than bear the reflection of their having been attended +with such an irreparable injury to a happy and uncontaminated race of +people! + +It is a point of dispute between Captain Wallis and Mons. Bougainville, +which of their ships it was, that introduced the disease to Otaheite. +And we find, that Captain Cook was apprehensive of his people having +left it at the Friendly Islands. Without enquiring into the grounds of +conviction they had in former voyages, I am strongly inclined to +believe, from my observations in the last, that it is a subject about +which they are very liable to be deceived; and that what is laid down as +positive fact, could be no more than matter of opinion. + +In the last voyage, both Captains Cook and King were of opinion, that +the inhabitants of Sandwich Islands received that distemper from our +people. The great deference I pay to their judgment on every occasion, +will hardly allow me to dissent from it in the present instance; and yet +I must be allowed to say, that the same evidence which proved convincing +to them in this case, did by no means appear so to me, and I will +endeavour to assign my reasons. When we first discovered Sandwich +Islands, in the month of January, 1778, the ships anchored at two of +them (viz. Atowai (Kauai) and Neehaw (Niihau)) where parties were sent +ashore for water, and to purchase provisions of the natives. On this +occasion, I must bear my testimony (for I was then in the "Resolution") +to the very particular care taken by Captain Cook, to prevent any of his +people who were not in perfect health, from having communication with +the shore, and also to prevent women from coming on board the ships. +That this humane precaution answered the intended purpose, we had great +reason to believe; for not one of those who did go on shore was +afterwards in the surgeon's list, or known to have any complaint; which +was the most convincing proof we could have, of their being well at the +time. We therefore were under no apprehensions on this head, when we +visited these islands a second time, about eleven months from our first +discovering them. We then fell in with two islands, (viz. Mowee (Maui) +and Ouwhyee (Hawaii)) belonging to the group, which we had not seen +before; and very soon found that the venereal disease was not unknown to +the natives. This excited no little concern and astonishment among us, +and made us anxious to learn whether or no, so dreadful a calamity had +been left at Atowai (Kauai) by our ships, and so propagated to these +islands. But the scanty knowledge we had of their language, made this a +matter of great difficulty, and rendered the best intelligence we could +get, but vague and uncertain. While we were cruising off Ouwhyee +(Hawaii), I was told, that some Indians had visited the "Resolution" +with that complaint upon them, and that they seemed to intimate, that +our ships had left it at Atowai (Kauai); whence it had found its way to +this island. + +This account, I confess, appeared at once very improbable to me, and +rendered me very desirous of an opportunity to examine some of them +myself: for I found the above story gaining universal belief, and felt +somewhat hurt, that we should take to ourselves the ignominy of such an +imputation, without sufficient proof of its being just. During our stay +at Keragegooah bay (Kealakekua Bay), where we had constant opportunities +of directing our enquiries to the most intelligent of the natives, I met +with none who could give me any information on the subject, nor could I +learn that they had the least idea of our having left it at Atowai +(Kauai), or that it was a new thing amongst them. This circumstance, +added to the very slight reliance, which experience had taught me to +place in any intelligence obtained from the Indians, through the medium +of their language, confirmed me in the opinion I had entertained from +the first, that the meaning of those Indians had been misunderstood on +board the "Resolution." An instance happened soon afterwards which +convinced me, that no credit whatsoever is to be given to such +information. We had not been long arrived at Atowai (Kauai) a second +time, before an Indian came on board the "Discovery," who appeared to +the gentleman who first spoke to him, clearly to charge us with having +left the disease at that island, on our former visit. As I was known to +be an unbeliever, the man was at last referred to me; and, I confess, I +was a little staggered at first with the answers he gave me; but +presently, suspecting from his manner, that he would answer every +question proposed to him in the affirmative, I asked him, if they did +not receive the disease first from Oahoo (Oahu); a neighbouring island, +which we had not touched at, when we were in these parts before: the man +directly answered, that they had; and strenuously persisted in the same, +every time the question was put to him, either by myself, or the +gentleman who had first examined him. Such contradictory accounts as +these, prove nothing, but our ignorance of their language, and +consequently, how apt we are to be misled in enquiries of this sort. I +never put any confidence in them myself, and have often been surprised +to see others put so much. Yet those who have maintained that we left +the disease at Sandwich Islands, have no better foundation than this, to +rest their opinion upon. Whether it be sufficient to support such an +accusation, I will leave others to judge, after what I have related +above; and proceed to point out such other circumstances as tend to +prove, that the disease was not left at these islands by our ships. From +everything we could learn, it appeared, that there is but little +intercourse between Atowai (Kauai) and the islands to windward, +especially Ouwhyee (Hawaii), which is about fifty leagues distant; and +the nearest to Atowai (Kauai), which is Oahoo (Oahu), is five and twenty +leagues. There is generally some misunderstanding between them, and, +excepting for hostile purposes, the inhabitants rarely visit each other. +But were we even to allow, that there is a frequent intercourse between +them, which from the distance alone is highly improbable, yet it is +hardly possible, that the disease should have spread so far, and so +universally, as we found it at Ouwhyee (Hawaii), in the short space of +time which intervened between our first and second visit to the Sandwich +Islands. On the same supposition, it will appear very extraordinary, +that we should have found it more common by far at Ouwhyee (Hawaii) than +at Atowai (Kauai), the place where we are supposed to have first left +it. That this was the case, however, from my situation at that time, as +surgeon of the "Discovery," I am able to pronounce with some certainty. +The priests pretended to be expert at curing it, and seemed to have an +established mode of treatment; which by no means implied, that it was a +recent complaint among them, much less that it was introduced only a few +months before. + +Whence, or at what time, the inhabitants of those islands received +disease, or whether or not it be indigenous among them, is what I do not +pretend even to guess: but from the circumstances above-mentioned, I +think myself warranted in saying, that there are by no means sufficient +proofs of our having first introduced it; but that, on the contrary, +there is every reason to believe, that they were afflicted with it +before we discovered those islands. + + + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] I take it for granted, that most of those into whose hands these +pages may fall, have perused Captain Cook's last Voyage, and therefore, +I have all along mentioned the names of the principal actors in this +account, as people with whom they are already acquainted. But as I +differ so much in the orthography of the language of the Sandwich +Islands from that used in the printed Voyage, it becomes necessary for +me to explain the names I use in this narrative, by those already known. +It may appear strange, how we should differ so much; but so it +is:--which is the most accurate, some future visitor may determine. + + Karakakooa I call Ke,rag,e,goo,ah (Kealakekua) + Terreeoboo ---- Kariopoo (Kaleiopuu, better known as Kalaniopuu) + Kowrowa ---- Kavaroah (Kaawaloa) + Kaneecabareea ---- Kaneekapo,herei (Kanekapulei) + Maiha maiha ---- Ka,mea,mea (Kamehameha) + +[2] Called Koah by Cook.--Ed. + +[3] Called Kaneena by Cook; Kanina by Fornander.--Ed. + +[4] Keoua Kuahuula and Keoua Peeale.--Ed. + +[5] Probably Keoua Peeale.--Ed. + +[6] I have heard one of the gentlemen who were present say, that the +first injury he received was from a dagger, as it is represented in the +Voyage; but, from the account of many others, who were also +eye-witnesses, I am confident, in saying that he was first struck with a +club. I was afterwards confirmed in this, by Kaireekea (Keliikia), the +priest, who particularly mentioned the name of the man who gave him the +blow, as well as that of the chief who afterwards struck him with the +dagger. This is a point not worth disputing about: I mention it, as +being solicitous to be accurate in this account, even in circumstances, +of themselves, not very material. + +[7] Fornander II, page 193, identifies a Kalaimanokahoowaha as +Kanaina.--Ed. + +[8] A remarkable instance of this I met with at Atowai (Kauai). +Tamataherei (Kamakahelei), the queen of that island, paid us a visit one +day on board the "Discovery," accompanied by her husband Taeoh +(Kaeokulani), and one of her daughters by her former husband Oteeha +(Kiha). [Possibly another name for Kaneoneo, the first husband of +Kamakahelei and father of Lelemahoalani.] The young princess, whose name +was Ore-reemo-horanee (Lelemahoalani), carried in her hand a very +elegant fly-flap, of a curious construction: the upper part of it was +variegated with alternate rings of tortoise shell and human bone, and +the handle, which was well polished, consisted of the greater part of +the os humeri of a chief, called Mahowra (Meheula). He had belonged to +the neighbouring island of Oahoo (Oahu), and, in a hostile descent he +made upon this coast, had been killed by Oteeha (Kiha), who was then +sovereign of Atowai (Kauai). And thus we found Orereemohoranee +(Lelemahoalani) carrying his bones about, as trophies of her father's +victory. The queen set a great value upon it, and was not willing to +part with it for any of our iron ware; but happening to cast her eyes +upon a wash-hand bason of mine, it struck her fancy, and she offered to +exchange; I accepted of her proposal, and the bones of the unfortunate +Mahowra (Meheula) came at last into my possession. + + + + +INDEX + + + Atowai (_see_ Kauai) + + + Clerke, Captain, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16 + + Coho (_see_ Koho) + + Cooaha (_see_ Kuaha) + + Cook, Captain, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 + + Cook, Life of Captain James, 18, 19, 20, 21 + + + Disease, Introduction of in Hawaii, 22, 23, 24 + + + Hawaii, 5, 23, 24 + + + Kaawaloa, 5, 7, 9, 10 + + Kaeokulani (k), 17 + + Kaireekea (_see_ Keliikia) + + Kalaimanokahoowaha (k), 16 + + Kalaniopuu (k), 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12 + + Kaleiopuu (_see_ Kalaniopuu) + + Kalimo (k), 12 + + Kamakahelei (w), 17 + + Ka,mea,mea (_see_ Kamehameha) + + Kamehameha (k), 5, 6 + + Kanaina (k), 9, 11, 16 + + Kaneecabareea (_see_ Kanekapulei) + + Kaneena (_see_ Kanaina) + + Kanekapo,herei (_see_ Kanekapulei) + + Kanekapulei (w), 5 + + Kaneoneo (k), 17 + + Kanina (_see_ Kanaina) + + Kanynah (_see_ Kanaina) + + Karakakooa (_see_ Kealakekua) + + Kareemoo (_see_ Kalimo) + + Karimano,craha (_see_ Kalaimanokahoowaha) + + Kariopoo (_see_ Kalaniopuu) + + Kauai, 17, 22, 23, 24 + + Kavaroah (_see_ Kaawaloa) + + Kealakekua, 5, 6, 23 + + Keliikia (k), 14, 16 + + Keoua Kuahuula (k), 11 + + Keoua Peeale (k), 11, 12, 13 + + Keowa (_see_ Keona Peeale) + + Kerag,e,goo,ah (_see_ Kealakekua) + + Kiha (_see_ Kaneoneo) + + King, Captain, 4, 22 + + Koho (k), 12 + + Koohowrooah (_see_ Kuhaulua) + + Kowrowa (_see_ Kaawaloa) + + Kuaha (k), 6 + + Kuhaulua (k), 11 + + + Lelemahoalani (w), 17 + + Lono (_see_ Mea) + + + Mahowra (_see_ Meheula) + + Maihamaiha (_see_ Kamehameha) + + Maui, 5, 23 + + Mea (k), 10 + + Meheula (k), 17 + + Mowee (_see_ Maui) + + + Neehaw (_see_ Niihau) + + Niihau, 22 + + Nooah (_see_ Nuaa) + + Nuaa (k), 16 + + + Oahoo (_see_ Oahu) + + Oahu, 17, 23, 24 + + Omea (_see_ Mea) + + Ore,reemo,horanee (_see_ Lelemahoalani) + + Orono (_see_ Lono) + + Oteeha (_see_ Kiha) + + Ou,why,ee (_see_ Hawaii) + + + Palea (k), 7, 8, 17 + + Pareah (_see_ Palea) + + + Roberts, Mr., 10, 13 + + + Taeoh (_see_ Kaeokulani) + + Tamataherei (_see_ Kamakehelei) + + Terreeoboo (_see_ Kalaniopuu) + + + Vessels: + "Discovery", 6, 7, 9, 12, 17, 23, 24 + "Resolution", 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23 + + + Williamson, Mr. John, 13 + + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Corrections + +Following is a list of significant typographical errors that have been +corrected. + +- Page 4, "explicity" changed to "explicitly" (so explicitly related). + +- Page 10, "Resoluion" changed to "Resolution" (third lieutenant of the + "Resolution"). + +- Page 16, "unforseen" changed to "unforeseen" (unexpected and unforeseen). + +- Page 18, "the the" changed to "the" (towards the the navy). + +- Page 21, "proscute" changed to "prosecute" (enabled him to prosecute). + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Narrative of the Death of Captain +James Cook, by David Samwell + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DEATH OF CAPTAIN JAMES COOK *** + +***** This file should be named 34634.txt or 34634.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/6/3/34634/ + +Produced by Patrick Hopkins, Cindy Horton, Chris Curnow +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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