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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/34371-h.zip b/34371-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8818f18 --- /dev/null +++ b/34371-h.zip diff --git a/34371-h/34371-h.htm b/34371-h/34371-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..257bae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/34371-h/34371-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,637 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> + +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma, by Edwin C. Galbreath. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5em;} + hr {width: 95%; color: #000; clear: both;} + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; text-indent:0; font-size: 0.75em; text-align: right; color: #b0b0b0;} + .reference {margin-left: 5.5em; text-indent: -3em;} + .center {text-align: center;} + .smaller {font-size: 0.8em;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .bold {font-weight: bolder;} + .caption2 {font-weight: bolder; font-size:1.50em; text-align: center;} + .caption3 {font-weight: bolder; font-size:1.15em; text-align: center;} + .caption3nb {font-size:1.15em; text-align: center;} + .caption4 {font-weight: bolder; font-size:0.80em; text-align: center;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil +Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma, by Edwin C. Galbreath + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma + University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 1 + +Author: Edwin C. Galbreath + +Editor: E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: November 20, 2010 [EBook #34371] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span></p> +<div class="center"> +<div class="caption2">Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil<br /> +Turtles from Western Kansas and<br /> +Oklahoma</div> +<br /> +<div class="caption4">BY</div> +<br /> +<div class="caption4">EDWIN C. GALBREATH</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History<br /> +<br /> + +Volume 1, No. 17, pp. 281-284<br /> +August 16, 1948 +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +University of Kansas<br /> +<div class="smaller">LAWRENCE</div><br /> +1948<br /> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span></p> +<div class="center"> + +<span class="smcap smaller">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman; H. H. Lane, Edward H. Taylor<br /> +<br /> +Volume 1, No. 17, pp. 281-284<br /> +August 16, 1948<br /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas<br /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption4">PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1948<br /> +<br /> +<img src="images/union_label.png" width="71" height="26" title="Look for the Union Label" alt="Look for the Union Label" /><br /> +<br /> +22-3341</div> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span></p> + +<div class="caption2">Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from +Western Kansas and Oklahoma</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">By</div> + +<div class="caption3">EDWIN C. GALBREATH</div> +<p> </p> + +<p>In the vertebrate paleontological collection at the University of +Kansas Museum of Natural History there are many fragments of +turtles that have been collected, generally in connection with the +excavation or recovery of other fossils. The generic identification +of this material is possible in many instances, and such identifications +give new and important geological and distributional records +for genera in existence today.</p> + +<p>All catalogue numbers refer to the vertebrate paleontological collection +in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb">Family KINOSTERNIDAE</div> + +<p><span class="bold">Kinosternon</span> sp. No. 7729 consists of fragments of marginals, +costals, and plastronal elements collected from Edson Quarry, Sherman +County, Kansas. The age is middle Pliocene (Hemphillian). +No. 7679, consisting of a nuchal, and fragments of marginals, costals, +and neurals is from Nye Sink, XI Ranch, Meade County, Kansas, +and is of Pleistocene age.</p> + +<p>Any fossil record of <i>Kinosternon</i> is a welcome find, and these two +specimens give new data both as to age and distribution. However, +it should be emphasized that these identifications are based on fragments, +and are tentative.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb">Family EMYDIDAE</div> + +<p><span class="bold">Pseudemys</span> sp. No. 5613, Sherman County; 6784, Seward +County; and 4728, Meade County, are three of many fragments, +mainly elements of the nuchal plate and plastron, that were collected +from Edson Quarry, Sherman County, Kansas, and from middle and +late Pliocene beds in Seward and Meade counties, Kansas, respectively. +The species represented cannot be differentiated from species +of <i>Pseudemys</i> living today. Species of <i>Pseudemys</i> are common also +in most of the Pleistocene deposits of western Kansas.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb">Family TESTUDINIDAE</div> + +<p><span class="bold">Testudo</span> sp. In general, two recognizable lines of the genus +<i>Testudo</i> existed in western Kansas during early Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene +time—a line of large testudinates with a carapace three +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</a></span> +to four feet long, and one line of smaller tortoises with a rugose +carapace approximately six to nine inches in diameter. Hibbard's +<i>Testudo riggsi</i> (Hibbard, 1944) is the best known of these smaller +turtles.</p> + +<p><span class="bold">Gopherus</span> sp. No. 5935 is from the Pleistocene of Harper County, +Kansas, and No. 7677 is from the early Pleistocene of Beaver +County, Oklahoma. Each is composed of costals and neurals which +may be referred to this genus. Their size indicates an animal considerably +larger than any on record, and probably these specimens +represent a new species.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb">Family CHELYDRIDAE</div> + +<p><span class="bold">Chelydra</span> sp. No. 6821 is the anterior part of a plastron from +the Edson Quarry, Sherman County, Kansas. The age is middle +Pliocene. This fragment has been listed three times in print, once +merely as Chelonia (having reference to the order) (Adams and +Martin, 1931), and twice by Hibbard (1934 and 1939) as <i>Chelonia</i> +sp. Hibbard's listing was obviously a <i>lapsus calami</i> for <i>Chelydra</i> +since he placed the genus in the family Chelydridae.</p> + +<p>No. 6479 is part of a costal and marginals from Meade County, +Kansas. This specimen was associated with <i>Aenocyon dirus</i>, and +is Pleistocene in age.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb">Family TRIONYCHIDAE</div> + +<p><span class="bold">Amyda</span> sp. No. 6800 is part of a costal collected in Seward +County, Kansas. It is possibly of early Pleistocene age. No. 7568 +is part of a carapace from Meade County, Kansas, probably of the +same age.</p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption2">LITERATURE CITED</div> +<br /><br /> +<span class="smcap">Adams, L. A.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Martin, H. T.</span><br /> + +<div class="reference">1931. An addition to the Urodele Fauna of Kansas from the lower Pliocene. +Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 19:289-297, pls. 30-32.</div> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Hibbard, C. W.</span><br /> + +<div class="reference">1934. Two new genera of Felidae from the middle Pliocene of Kansas. +Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 37:239-255, pls. 4-6.</div> + +<div class="reference">1939. Notes on additional fauna of Edson Quarry of the middle Pliocene of +Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 42:457-462, 6 figs.</div> + +<div class="reference">1944. A new land Tortoise, <i>Testudo riggsi</i>, from the middle Pliocene of +Seward County, Kansas. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30:71-76, 2 figs.</div> + +<p> </p> +<p><i>Transmitted, March 8, 1948.</i></p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="center"> +<img src="images/square.png" width="16" height="17" title="box" alt="box" /><br /><br /> +22-3341 +</div> + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of +Fossil Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma, by Edwin C. 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Galbreath + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma + University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 1 + +Author: Edwin C. Galbreath + +Editor: E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: November 20, 2010 [EBook #34371] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil +Turtles from Western Kansas and +Oklahoma + +BY + +EDWIN C. GALBREATH + + +University of Kansas Publications +Museum of Natural History + +Volume 1, No. 17, pp. 281-284 +August 16, 1948 + + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1948 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman; H. H. Lane, Edward H. Taylor + +Volume 1, No. 17, pp. 281-284 +August 16, 1948 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1948 + +[Union Label] +22-3341 + + + + +Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from +Western Kansas and Oklahoma + +By + +EDWIN C. GALBREATH + + +In the vertebrate paleontological collection at the University of +Kansas Museum of Natural History there are many fragments of turtles +that have been collected, generally in connection with the excavation +or recovery of other fossils. The generic identification of this +material is possible in many instances, and such identifications give +new and important geological and distributional records for genera in +existence today. + +All catalogue numbers refer to the vertebrate paleontological +collection in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. + + +Family KINOSTERNIDAE + ++Kinosternon+ sp. No. 7729 consists of fragments of marginals, costals, +and plastronal elements collected from Edson Quarry, Sherman County, +Kansas. The age is middle Pliocene (Hemphillian). No. 7679, consisting +of a nuchal, and fragments of marginals, costals, and neurals is from +Nye Sink, XI Ranch, Meade County, Kansas, and is of Pleistocene age. + +Any fossil record of _Kinosternon_ is a welcome find, and these +two specimens give new data both as to age and distribution. However, +it should be emphasized that these identifications are based on +fragments, and are tentative. + + +Family EMYDIDAE + ++Pseudemys+ sp. No. 5613, Sherman County; 6784, Seward County; and +4728, Meade County, are three of many fragments, mainly elements of +the nuchal plate and plastron, that were collected from Edson Quarry, +Sherman County, Kansas, and from middle and late Pliocene beds in +Seward and Meade counties, Kansas, respectively. The species +represented cannot be differentiated from species of _Pseudemys_ +living today. Species of _Pseudemys_ are common also in most of the +Pleistocene deposits of western Kansas. + + +Family TESTUDINIDAE + ++Testudo+ sp. In general, two recognizable lines of the genus _Testudo_ +existed in western Kansas during early Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene +time--a line of large testudinates with a carapace three to four feet +long, and one line of smaller tortoises with a rugose carapace +approximately six to nine inches in diameter. Hibbard's _Testudo riggsi_ +(Hibbard, 1944) is the best known of these smaller turtles. + ++Gopherus+ sp. No. 5935 is from the Pleistocene of Harper County, +Kansas, and No. 7677 is from the early Pleistocene of Beaver County, +Oklahoma. Each is composed of costals and neurals which may be referred +to this genus. Their size indicates an animal considerably larger than +any on record, and probably these specimens represent a new species. + + +Family CHELYDRIDAE + ++Chelydra+ sp. No. 6821 is the anterior part of a plastron from the +Edson Quarry, Sherman County, Kansas. The age is middle Pliocene. This +fragment has been listed three times in print, once merely as Chelonia +(having reference to the order) (Adams and Martin, 1931), and twice by +Hibbard (1934 and 1939) as _Chelonia_ sp. Hibbard's listing was +obviously a _lapsus calami_ for _Chelydra_ since he placed the genus in +the family Chelydridae. + +No. 6479 is part of a costal and marginals from Meade County, Kansas. +This specimen was associated with _Aenocyon dirus_, and is Pleistocene +in age. + + +Family TRIONYCHIDAE + ++Amyda+ sp. No. 6800 is part of a costal collected in Seward County, +Kansas. It is possibly of early Pleistocene age. No. 7568 is part of +a carapace from Meade County, Kansas, probably of the same age. + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + + ADAMS, L. A., and MARTIN, H. T. + + 1931. An addition to the Urodele Fauna of Kansas from the lower + Pliocene. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 19:289-297, pls. 30-32. + + + HIBBARD, C. W. + + 1934. Two new genera of Felidae from the middle Pliocene of Kansas. + Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 37:239-255, pls. 4-6. + + 1939. Notes on additional fauna of Edson Quarry of the middle + Pliocene of Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 42:457-462, + 6 figs. + + 1944. A new land Tortoise, _Testudo riggsi_, from the middle Pliocene + of Seward County, Kansas. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30:71-76, + 2 figs. + + + +_Transmitted, March 8, 1948._ + + +[] + +22-3341 + + +Transcriber's Notes + + EMphasis Notation + + _Text_ = Italic + + +Text+ = Bold + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of +Fossil Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma, by Edwin C. 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