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diff --git a/34031-8.txt b/34031-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a01cad --- /dev/null +++ b/34031-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3266 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War, +Volume 1, by Louis Raemaekers + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War, Volume 1 + The First Twelve Months of War + +Author: Louis Raemaekers + +Editor: J. Murray Allison + +Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers + +Release Date: October 4, 2010 [EBook #34031] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY, VOL 1 *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Anne Storer and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive) + + + + + + + RAEMAEKERS' + CARTOON + HISTORY OF THE WAR + +[Illustration: Louis Raemaekers] + + + + + RAEMAEKERS' + CARTOON + HISTORY OF THE WAR + + COMPILED BY + J. MURRAY ALLISON + Editor of _Raemaekers' Cartoons_, _Kultur in Cartoons_, + _The Century Edition de Luxe Raemaekers' Cartoons_, _etc._ + + VOLUME ONE + THE FIRST TWELVE MONTHS OF WAR + + NEW YORK + THE CENTURY CO. + 1918 + + + + + Copyright, 1918, by + THE CENTURY CO. + + + + +FOREWORD + + +In all the welter of the tragic upheaval which is shattering +institutions once thought immutable, condemning millions to physical +death and awakening other millions to spiritual life, making staggering +discoveries of unexpected human strength or weakness, thrusting men into +fame one day or to oblivion the next, there has been nothing more +dramatic than the sudden manifestation of the genius of the Dutchman, +Louis Raemaekers, who, as Europe recoiled from the first shock of German +barbarity, threw down his brush for his pencil and by the intensity of +his spirit aroused the compassion and fired the anger of the world with +his cartoons of the Belgian violation. + +He, more than any other individual, has made intensely clear to +the people the single issue upon which the war is joined. More than +cartoonist, he is teacher and preacher, with the vision, faith, and +intensity of a St. Francis, a Luther, or a Joan of Arc. + +On August 1, 1914, we find him a quiet, gentle man, the son of a country +editor, happy in his family, devout, contemplative, loving beauty and +peace, contentedly painting the good and lovely things he saw among the +tulip-fields and waterways, the cattle and the wind-mills of his own +native Holland before the gray-clad millions of the Kaiser burst into +the low countries with fire and sword. + +Then comes the miracle of his transformation; the idyllic is thrust +aside by the hideous reality; beauty is drowned in a bestial orgy of +force; and in place of the passive painter arises the fiery preacher; +the brush is discarded for the pencil, and the pencil in his hands +becomes an avenging sword, because by it millions of people have been +aroused to a clear-cut realization of the fact that the issue of this +war is no less than Slavery and Autocracy versus Freedom and Democracy. + +The very first of his war cartoons indicated the prophetic vision of +the man, and gave the first evidence of his inspiration and genius. It +is called "Christendom after Twenty Centuries" and shows a bowed and +weeping figure crouching under the sword and lash. It was drawn on that +fateful day August 1st, 1914. The intensity of emotion shown in this +drawing revealed his power for the first time. To Raemaekers himself it +came as a vision and a summons. The landscape painter disappeared, and +in his place arose a champion of civilization, throbbing with sublime +rage and pity, clothed with authority, and invested with a weapon more +powerful than the ruthlessness it indicts. + +When the stories of the Belgian horror began to circulate in Holland, +Raemaekers, like the rest of the humane world, refused to credit them. +His own mother was German; he had spent many happy years in Germany; he +knew the German peasant as a kindly and happy, if rather stupid fellow; +it was incredible that such men could have done the awful things +alleged. But the tales persisted, and although the evidence of the +wracked and broken refugees who poured into his country by tens of +thousands seemed irrefutable, he could not believe it, and readily +seized upon the common supposition that the terrible stories were the +product of the imagination of an overwrought and panic-stricken people. +At length he could remain in doubt no longer, and quietly slipped over +the frontier to verify for himself the truth or falsehood of the +accusations that had already made Germany guilty of the foulest crimes +ever perpetrated in the name of war since the dawn of civilization. + +What he actually saw with his own eyes he does not tell. But a hundred +of his early cartoons bear witness to the burning impression made upon +his soul. Raemaekers, like others who have seen them, cannot speak of +these unnamable horrors, but can only express his consuming pity or +his white-hot rage in the medium that lies nearest his hand. On one +occasion only has he publicly referred to his experiences in Belgium. It +was at a dinner given him by the artists and literary men of London at +the Savage Club, where, pointing to the portraits and trophies of Peary, +Scott, Nansen, Shackleton, and other explorers which hang on the walls, +he said: "I, too, have been an explorer, Gentlemen. I have explored a +hell, and it was terror unspeakable." + +It did not take long for the High Command in Berlin to learn through its +agents in Holland of the impression that was being created in the public +mind by Raemaekers' cartoons. The publication of his first series of +cartoons in the _Amsterdam Telegraaf_, reflecting the unspeakable horror +of the atrocities in Belgium and denouncing with burning scorn the +Kaiser and his infamous captains, gave such offense to the "All-Highest" +in Potsdam that the German Government offered twelve thousand guilders +for his body dead or alive! Further magnificent testimony to the hurt he +inflicted on our common adversaries lies in the fact that the German +Government, not content with offering a reward for his body, induced +the Dutch Government to prosecute him for endangering the neutrality +of Holland! He was actually tried on this charge, but although he had +not spared the burghers and junkers of his own country for what he +considered their criminal laxity in the matter of preparedness and their +greed in aiding Germany by the smuggling of foodstuffs, etc., across the +frontier, the jury acquitted him and the court tacitly confirmed his +right to express his opinions. + +It was after this that the _Cologne Gazette_ in an editorial addressed +to the Dutch people, obviously seeking to intimidate what its government +could not suppress, said: "After the war Germany will settle accounts +with Holland, and for each calumny, for each cartoon of Raemaekers, she +will demand payment with the interest that is her due." German wrath +followed him further. His life was constantly endangered at the hands of +German agents infesting Holland, and he had to be always on his guard, +especially during his periodical excursions into Belgian territory +occupied by the enemy. Even before he crossed to England, his wife +received anonymous letters warning her that any ship he might sail on +would surely be torpedoed. + +As late as November, 1916, an exhibition of his cartoons in Madrid was +forbidden by the Spanish Government upon the insistence of the German +embassy in that capital. + +It is significant to note that these attempted persecutions had an +effect directly opposite to that intended. They not only failed to stop +the publication of his cartoons but were largely instrumental in drawing +the attention of the Allies and neutrals to the great champion that had +arisen. + +For eighteen months his cartoons had been appearing in the Amsterdam +_Telegraaf_ without exciting a more than mild interest outside Holland. + +American and British war-correspondents returning to London from +Amsterdam talked enthusiastically of the "Great Raemaekers" and a few +stray cartoons appeared in the press of London and Paris. But he was +practically unknown outside of Holland until Christmas week in December, +1915, a year and a half after his first war-cartoon had appeared. + +A two-line advertisement announced his arrival in the British +metropolis. "Exhibition of war-cartoons by Raemaekers, Fine Arts +Galleries, Bond Street, admission one shilling," was all it said. While +Londoners are generally interested in new artists, Raemaekers appeared +at an inopportune time. For one thing, the public had been rather +surfeited with war-literature and war-pictures and the work of an +unknown foreign artist was scarcely likely to attract them, and for +another, it was within a few days of Christmas, everybody was leaving +London, and those who remained in town were bent on giving the troops +and the war-sufferers as merry a time as possible. + +It was quite by chance that the art critic of the _London Times_ visited +the Bond Street Galleries a day or so before Christmas, and Raemaekers' +world-wide fame as it exists to-day may be said to date from the day +that the _Times_ in a two-column notice said, among other things, "this +neutral is the only genius produced by the war." + +The campaign of publicity launched by the _Times_ was taken up by the +British and French press. The public flocked to view, and were stunned +as they had never been before by the damning record. The cumulative +effect of such pictures as "The Shields of Rosselaere," showing men, +women, and children forced to march in front of the German armies, "Men +to the right, women to the left," in which women and children are being +beaten with the butts of rifles; "The Exodus from Antwerp," "The Mothers +of Belgium," "The Widows of Belgium," and others which revealed +unimaginable depths of human agony, impressed the London crowd as by +a solemn ritual. They saw with a vividness hitherto unapproached the +hideousness of the war, the unequivocal brutality of the German method, +and the naked, insatiable greed in the German purpose. Not now could the +timidest soul believe that Germany was fighting a war of defense. Here +was the fact inescapable that civilization itself was threatened; here +was the whole carnival of lust and conquest as mercilessly depicted on +the faces of its agents as they themselves had trampled onward to their +shocking goal. + +The exhibition was crowded daily for twenty weeks. From nine in the +morning till six at night the galleries were packed with people of every +grade of society. It is not too much to say that no oration, no +literature, no art had brought the real meaning of the war home so +convincingly to Londoners as these cartoons. Parents who had already +given their sons, wives who had given husbands, were strengthened in +their resignation and comforted in their sorrow; those who yet had the +sacrifice to make were fortified in their resolve. As I have said, the +cumulative effect of these hundred and fifty cartoons on the emotions +of a people just awakening to and suffering from the desperate realities +of the war was almost overwhelming, and many a man and woman quivered +and cried under this pitiless revelation of the stupendous suffering +that had been and was yet to be. + +The exhibition was carried from London to the principal English and +Scottish cities, and thence to Paris. Everywhere the story was the same. +Crowds flocked to see and heed the artist's fiery records; statesmen, +soldiers, artists did him honor. In London he was received by the Prime +Minister and the artistic and learned societies; in Paris he was made +a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and given a reception at the +Sorbonne--the highest purely intellectual honor that can be bestowed +upon any man. France, equally with England, acclaimed him as the new +champion of humanity. In the provincial cities of England, as in London, +crowds thronged the galleries daily for weeks at a time. In Liverpool +alone five thousand persons visited the exhibition in one afternoon; +Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow, Edinburgh told the same story of +the people being aroused and inspirited as though a new evangel had come +to tell them that their cause was sacred and their sacrifice not vain. + +In a few months his genius was universally recognized and his position +as the supreme cartoonist of the war firmly established. And now that he +had the appreciation and the scope that were his due, he threw himself +into his work with even greater ardor. He made recruiting posters for +the army and navy; he depicted the shortage of shells and called on men +and women to man the munition factories; he contributed posters to +stimulate thrift and industry and contributions to the Government funds; +he worked for both the British and the French Red Cross, and for private +and public charities innumerable; his pen never flagged. While the +wrongs of Belgium had been the first incentive to his genius, he now +dealt with the war in all its later phases, and found subjects wherever +the blight of Kaiserism traveled--in France, Russia, Serbia, Rumania, +Italy, and the Far East; and in the Zeppelin raids, the Armenian +massacres, the Belgian and French deportations, the Red Cross outrages, +and the submarine infamies. + +As a mere material record of industry, Raemaekers' is probably unique in +the world's history. Since the beginning of the war he has drawn nearly +1000 cartoons. There is not a single phase of the war,--military, naval, +or political,--that has not formed a basis for his artistic comment. +Some three hundred of the cartoons have been reproduced in facsimile +form, and in that state have been exhibited in hundreds of cities +throughout the world. + +In book form his work exists already in a dozen editions, from the +sumptuous edition-de-luxe at one hundred dollars to the popular +(British) edition at four cents. + +Post-card editions of the cartoons run into many millions; his cartoons +have been filmed, exist as lantern-slides, and leading actors and +actresses have reproduced them in the form of tableaux. But it is in the +world's press that the greatest distribution has taken place. He is +cartoonist to half a hundred newspapers, and literally thousands of +different publications have reproduced his pictures at one time or +another. He has been translated into a score of languages, the writer +having seen one edition in Basque and another in Arabic. In the United +States alone his cartoons in one year have reached a newspaper +circulation of over 300,000,000, and exhibitions have been held in +over one hundred of the leading cities. + +And all this gigantic distribution has grown during the two years that +have passed since his cartoons were first exhibited in London. It is a +record that has never yet been equalled. What is the secret of this +man's appeal to men and women in all stations of life, to people of +every creed and nationality? In Europe nearly all, and in America a +great many, of the leading writers and thinkers have acclaimed the +genius of Raemaekers, but none have been able to tell us why it is that +his pictures appeal with equal intensity to the Briton, the Latin, the +Slav, and the American. A writer in the _Boston Transcript_ perhaps +comes nearest to the truth. He says: "The mantle of Dante has fallen +upon Raemaekers; he leads the conscience of the world to-day through an +inferno of wrong." + +This world-wide recognition is conclusive testimony to the universality +of his genius. Raemaekers appeals to all mankind. The value of his +contribution to the cause of civilization in this war lies in the fact +that he has seen and depicted with the directness and clarity of genius +the truth that the issue is joined between the forces of evil and good. +For him there are no other considerations, no qualifications, no +compromises. He has but one enemy, and that is the destroyer of peace +and civilization; he has but one hero, and that is the defender of them. +He sees in war itself no pomp and glitter, but only the burning village, +the devastated home, the agonized women and children, and the brave and +faithful dead. He depicts militarism as hideous, brutal, coarse, and +cunning. His one thought seems to be that those things which all kindly +and gentle men and women hold dear and sacred are being trampled upon +and threatened by a monstrous wrong; and that the ideals of justice, +order, and human liberty which have been established in the conscience +of humanity after centuries of painful struggle are in danger of +annihilation. In thus narrowing the issue, in thus resolving all +doubt, he has, in the words of Theodore Roosevelt, "rendered the most +powerful of the honorable contributions by neutrals to the cause of +civilization." Raemaekers' name and work will live long after many of +the men and their achievements in this war have faded from the general +mind. Future generations will look at his cartoons and will find in them +at once the cause and the justification of the rising of the world's +free peoples to give their lives for freedom and the safety of +democracy. + + * * * * * + +The historical value of the cartoons have frequently been insisted upon +by critics and reviewers and I have been urged to publish them in the +form of a cartoon History of the War. The present attempt is the outcome +of these suggestions. + +It has not been possible to adhere to any very definite method of +arrangement. Many of the cartoons were drawn long after the events with +which they deal took place, as, for instance, the Wittenberg pictures. +The typhus outbreak amongst the prisoners at Wittenberg happened in +December, 1914, but the facts were not made public until May, 1916. On +the other hand, the cartoon depicting Count von Bernstorff's dismissal +from Washington was published two years before he was handed his +passports. It was a cartoon based upon the activities of Dumba. A great +number of cartoons, particularly those published during the early months +of the war, have no direct historical significance. The Belgian cartoons +constitute a general indictment of the German method of warfare, while +the Nurse Cavell drawings (Vol. II.) represent a specific comment upon +an actual example of that method. The letterpress has been compiled +mainly from official _communiques_ and reports, and from the speeches +and public statements of the leading men of the belligerents and some of +the neutrals. I have also quoted freely from newspapers, magazines, and +books, and whenever possible I have made acknowledgment of these +sources. My object has been not to explain the cartoons, but to show +their great value as historical documents and to make sure, so far as is +possible, that the basis of truth upon which they rest shall not be +forgotten. + + J. MURRAY ALLISON. + +NEW YORK, Christmas Day, 1917. + + + + +NOTE ON THE BELGIAN CARTOONS + + +The cartoons which appear on the following pages up to and including +page 86 call for special reference. + +They represent Raemaekers' impression of the behaviour of the German +troops in Belgium during the first weeks of the invasion. The great +majority of them were drawn long before any Official Reports were +published, and not, as would seem natural, as illustrations of the +Reports which were eventually published by the Belgian, French, and +British Governments. The cartoon on page 86 was drawn after the +publication of the British Government's Official Report. It is important +to realise this. It is also necessary to remember that the German +atrocities began actually at the moment that the German troops crossed +the frontier on the evening of August 3rd and continued in unabated +violence until the defeat at the Marne. + +After the retreat of the Germans from Paris the German General Staff +appear to have altered its cold-blooded policy in Belgium and France. +From that moment, when the carefully prepared blow at the heart of +France had failed and when the possibility of defeat began to dawn upon +the Potsdam mind, organised robbery, murder, arson and rape were +discontinued or at least toned down as a feature of German warfare. +Whilst that method--the Official Reports of the Allied Governments' +Commissions of Enquiry prove conclusively it was a method--continued, +Raemaekers concentrated his pencil upon it and neglected the strictly +military and political happenings. That is why I have grouped the +Belgian cartoons at the beginning of this volume. They do really +represent the first phase of the war. With regard to the extracts that I +have selected to face the Belgian cartoons I would ask the reader to +remember that they have been taken largely from Official Reports issued +after the drawings were published. Raemaekers' pictorial indictment came +first. He was justified later by the sworn evidence of eye-witnesses. + +I think perhaps that it is necessary to make these observations in case +the letterpress facing the Belgian cartoons should not in many cases be +considered quite apt. + + J. M. A. + + + * * * * * + + + + +_CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES_ + + +Raemaekers' first war cartoon, originally published on the first of +August, 1914. + +[Illustration: DE MENSCHHEID NA 20 EEUWEN CHRISTENDOM] + + + + +_THE HARVEST IS RIPE_ + + +On the evening of August 3 the German troops cross the frontier. The +storm burst so suddenly that neither party had time to adjust its mind +to the situation. The Germans seem to have expected an easy passage. The +Belgian population, never dreaming of an attack, were startled and +stupefied. + +From the very beginning of the operations the civilian population of +the villages lying upon the line of the German advance were made to +experience the extreme horrors of war. "On the 4th of August," says one +witness, "at Herve I saw at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, near the +station, five Uhlans; these were the first German troops I had seen. +They were followed by a German officer and some soldiers in a motor car. +The men in the car called out to a couple of young fellows who were +standing about thirty yards away. The young men, being afraid, ran off +and then the Germans fired and killed one of them named D." The murder +of this innocent fugitive civilian was a prelude to the burning and +pillage of Herve and of other villages in the neighborhood, to the +indiscriminate shooting of civilians of both sexes, and to the organized +military execution of batches of selected males. + + _British Government Committee's Report._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_I CRUSH WHATEVER RESISTS ME_ + + +The wrong--I speak openly--that we are committing we will endeavor to +make good as soon as our military goal has been reached. Anybody who is +threatened as we are threatened, and is fighting for his highest +possessions, can have only one thought--how is he to hack his way +through. + + VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG. + _Reichstag, August 4, 1915._ + +With a clear conscience Germany goes to the battlefield. + + THE KAISER, _August, 1914_. + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_THIS IS HOW I DEAL WITH SMALL FRY_" + + +We are now in a state of necessity, and necessity knows no law. Our +troops have occupied Luxemburg and perhaps are already on Belgian soil. +_Gentlemen, that is contrary to the dictates of international law._ It +is true that the French Government has declared at Brussels that France +is willing to respect the neutrality of Belgium, so long as her opponent +respects it. We knew, however, that France stood ready for invasion. +France could wait, but we could not wait. A French movement upon our +flank upon the lower Rhine might have been disastrous. So we were +compelled to override the just protest of the Luxemburg and Belgian +Governments. + + VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG, + _Reichstag, Berlin, 4th August, '14._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_GOTT MITT UNS_ + + +Remember that the German people are the chosen of God. On me, the German +Emperor, the spirit of God has descended. I am His sword, His weapon and +His vicegerent. Woe to the disobedient and death to cowards and +unbelievers. + + _From_ THE KAISER'S _speech to his + soldiers on the way to the front._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_SATAN'S PARTNER_ + +_Bernhardi: "War is as divine as eating and drinking"_ + +_Satan: "Here is a partner for me"_ + + +The inevitableness, the idealism, the blessing of war as an +indispensable and stimulating law of development must be repeatedly +emphasized. + +... War is the greatest factor in the furtherance of culture and power. +Efforts to secure peace are extraordinarily detrimental as soon as they +influence politics. + +... Efforts directed toward the abolition of war are not only foolish, +but absolutely immoral, and must be stigmatized as unworthy of the human +race. + +... In fact, the State is a law unto itself. Weak nations have not the +same right to live as powerful and vigorous nations. + + _"Germany and the Next War. 1911."_ + GEN. VON BERNHARDI. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_MON FILS. BELGIUM, 1914_ + +"_Ah! was your boy among the twelve this morning? Then you'll find him +among this lot_" + + +When the German cavalry occupied the village of Linsmeau not a man of +the civilian population took part in the fighting. Nevertheless the +village was invaded at dusk on August 10 and all the male inhabitants +were compelled to come forward and hand over whatever arms they +possessed. No recently discharged firearms were found. The invaders +divided these peasants in three groups, those in one were bound, and 11 +of them placed in a ditch, where they were afterwards found dead. + + BELGIAN GOV. COMMISSION'S REPORT. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE SHIELDS OF RÖSSELAERE_ + + +In a café, lower down, near the canal, I saw a number of German +soldiers, and was successful in having a chat with the inn-keeper, at +the farthest corner of the bar. I asked, of course, what they meant by +burning the village, and he told me that the Germans had made a number +of successful attacks on Fort Pontisse, until at last they had reduced +it to silence. They were now so near that they could open the final +assault. They were afraid, however, of some ambush, or underground mine, +and the Friday before they had collected the population, whom they +forced to march in front of them. When they had got quite near they +dared not enter it yet, and drove the priest and twelve of the principal +villagers before them. + + "_The German Fury in Belgium_," + By L. MOKVELD. + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_THEY SHOT HER AS A FRANC-TIREUR_" + + +We ourselves regret deeply that during these fights the town of Loewen +has been destroyed to a great extent. Needless to say that these +consequences are not intentional on our part, but cannot be avoided in +this infamous franc-tireur war being led against us. + +Whoever knows the good-natured character of our troops cannot seriously +pretend that they are inclined to needless or frivolous destruction. + + GERMAN GENERAL STAFF. + _Berlin, August, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_AERSCHOT AND AFTERWARDS_ + + +The German troops penetrated into Aerschot, a town of 8,000 inhabitants, +on Wednesday, Aug. 19, in the morning. No Belgian forces remained +behind. No sooner did the Germans enter the town than they shot five or +six inhabitants whom they caused to leave their houses. In the evening, +pretending that a superior German officer had been killed on the Grand +Place by the son of the Burgomaster, or, according to another version of +the story, that a conspiracy had been hatched against the superior +commandant by the Burgomaster and his family, the Germans took every +man who was inside of Aerschot; they led them, fifty at a time, some +distance from the town, grouped them in lines of four men, and, making +them run ahead of them, shot them and killed them afterward with their +bayonets. More than forty men were found thus massacred. + + BELGIAN GOV. COMMISSION'S REPORT. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_BERNHARDISM_: + +"_It's all right. If I hadn't done it someone else might_" + + +As regards private property, respect among German troops simply does not +exist. By the universal testimony of every British officer and soldier I +have interrogated the progress of the German troops is like a plague of +locusts over the land. What they can not carry off they destroy. +Furniture is thrown into the street, pictures are riddled with bullets +and pierced by sword cuts, municipal registers burnt, the contents of +shops scattered on the floor, drawers rifled, live stock slaughtered and +carcasses left to rot in the fields. Cases of petty larceny by German +soldiers appear to be innumerable; they take whatever seizes their +fancy, and leave the towns they evacuate laden like pedlars. Empty +ammunition wagons were drawn up in front of private houses and filled +with their contents for despatch to Germany. + +I have had the reports of local commissions of police placed before me, +and they show that in smaller villages like those of Caestre and Merris, +with a population of about 1,500 souls or less, pillaging to the extent +of £4,000 and £6,000 was committed by the German troops. + + PROFESSOR J. H. MORGAN _in "German + Atrocities," an Official Investigation._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS_ + + +They sang, shouted and waved their arms. Most of them carried bottles +full of liquor, which they put into their mouths frequently, smashed +them on the ground, or handed them to their comrades, when unable to +drink any more themselves. Each of a troop of cavalry had a bottle of +pickles, and enjoyed them immensely. + +Other soldiers kept on running into the burning houses, carrying out +vases, pictures, plate, or small pieces of furniture. They smashed +everything on the cobbles and then returned to wreck more things that +would have been destroyed by the fire all the same. It was a revelry of +drunken vandalism. They seemed mad, and even risking being burned alive +at this work of destruction. Most of the officers were also tipsy; not +one of them was saluted by the soldiers. + + "_The German Fury in Belgium_," + By L. MOKVELD. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_SEDUCTION_ + +"_Ain't I a lovable fellow?_" + + +There is very strong reason to suspect that young girls were carried off +to the trenches by licentious German soldiery, and there abused by +hordes of savage and licentious men. People in hiding in the cellars of +houses have heard the voices of women in the hands of German soldiers +crying all night long until death or stupor ended their agonies. One of +our officers, a subaltern in the sappers, heard a woman's shrieks in the +night coming from the German trenches near Richebourg l'Avoue; when we +advanced in the morning and drove the Germans out, a girl was found +lying naked on the ground "pegged out" in the form of a crucifix. I need +not go on with this chapter of horrors. To the end of time it will be +remembered, and from one generation to another, in the plains of +Flanders, in the Valleys of the Vosges, and on the rolling fields of the +Marne, the oral tradition of men will perpetuate this story of infamy +and wrong. + + PROFESSOR J. H. MORGAN _in "German + Atrocities," an Official Investigation_. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE HOSTAGES_ + +"_Father, what have we done?_" + + +The municipal Government of Liège remind their fellow citizens, and all +staying within the city, that international law most strictly forbids +civilians to commit hostilities against the German soldiers occupying +the country. + +Every attack on German troops by others than the military in uniform not +only exposes those who may be guilty to be shot summarily, but will also +bring terrible consequences on the leading citizens of Liège now +detained in the citadel as hostages by the commander of the German +troops. + +We beseech all residents of the municipality to guard the highest +interests of all the inhabitants and of those who are hostages of the +German Army, and not to commit any assault on the soldiers of this army. + +We remind the citizens that by order of General commanding the German +troops, those who have arms in their possession must deliver them +immediately to the authorities at the Provincial Palace under the +penalty of being shot. + + _The Acting Burgomaster_, + V. HENAULT. + _Liège, August 8th._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_HUSBANDS AND FATHERS_ + + +Thousands of Belgian citizens have in like manner been deported to +the prisons of Germany to Munsterlagen, to Celle, to Magdeburg. At +Munsterlagen alone, 3,100 civil prisoners were numbered. History will +tell of the physical and moral torments of their long martyrdom. + +Hundreds of innocent men were shot. I possess no complete necrology; but +I know there were ninety-one shot at Aerschot and that there, under pain +of death, their fellow-citizens were compelled to dig their graves. In +the Louvain group of communes 176 persons, men and women, old men and +sucklings, rich and poor, in health and sickness, were shot or burned. + + CARDINAL MERCIER, _Archbishop + of Malines, Belgium._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_IT'S FATTENING WORK_ + + +In Hofstade a number of houses had been set on fire and many corpses +were seen, some in houses, some in back yards, and some in the streets. + +Several examples are given below. + +Two witnesses speak to having seen the body of a young man pierced by +bayonet thrusts with the wrists cut also. + +On a side road the corpse of a civilian was seen on his doorstep with a +bayonet wound in his stomach, and by his side the dead body of a boy of +5 or 6 with his hands nearly severed. + +The corpses of a woman and boy were seen at the blacksmith's. They had +been killed with the bayonet. + +In a café a young man, also killed with the bayonet, was holding his +hands together as if in the attitude of supplication. + +Two young women were lying in the back yard of the house. One had her +breasts cut off, the other had been stabbed. + +A young man had been hacked with the bayonet until his entrails +protruded. He also had his hands joined in the attitude of prayer. + +In the garden of a house in the main street bodies of two women were +observed, and in another house the body of a boy of 16 with two bayonet +wounds in the chest. + + _British Government Committee's Report._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_KULTUR HAS PASSED HERE_ + + +It is nothing but fanaticism to expect very much from humanity when it +has forgotten how to wage war. For the present we know of no other means +whereby the rough energy of the camp, the deep impersonal hatred, the +cold-bloodedness of murder with a good conscience, the general ardour of +the system in the destruction of the enemy ... can be as forcibly and +certainly communicated to enervated nations as is done by every great +war. _Kultur can by no means dispense with passions, vices and +malignities._ + + FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_PEACE REIGNS AT DINANT_ + + +In short, the town of Dinant is destroyed. Of 1,400 houses only 200 +remained standing. The factories where the laboring population got their +bread and butter were wrecked systematically. Many inhabitants were sent +to Germany, where they are still kept as prisoners. The majority of the +others are scattered all over Belgium. Those who stayed in the towns +were starved. + +The Belgian Committee has a list of victims. It contains 700 names, and +is not complete. Among those killed are seventy-three women, thirty-nine +children between six months and fifteen years old. + +Dinant has 7,600 inhabitants, of whom ten per cent. were put to death; +not a family exists which has not to mourn the death of some victims; +many families have been exterminated completely. + + "_The German Fury in Belgium_," + By L. MOKVELD. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_LES BEAUTÉS DE LA GUERRE_ + +_Folk who do not understand them_ + + +It is only in war that we find the action of true heroism, the +realization of which on earth is the care of militarism. That is why war +appears to us, who are filled with militarism, as in itself a holy +thing, as the holiest thing on earth. + + PROF. WERNER SOMBART. + + +During the three months of invasion, more than 21,000 houses had been +burnt down in five alone of the nine provinces of Belgium, and a far +greater number pillaged--more than 16,000, for instance, in the single +Province of Brabant. Of the civilian population, between 5,000 and 6,000 +men, women, and children had been massacred, some singly and some in +batches, some by clean killing and some after lingering tortures, +some in frenzy and some in cold blood, but all with the object of +terrorization and with that result. Fleeing before the terror, many +hundreds of thousands of Belgians, especially of the middle and upper +classes, had taken refuge in Holland and the British Isles. + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_DINANT: "I SEE FATHER"_ + + +An hour later the women and children were separated and the prisoners +were brought back to Dinant, passing the prison on their way. Just +outside the prison the witness saw three lines of bodies which he +recognized as being those of neighbors. They were nearly all dead, but +he noticed movement in some of them. There were about 120 bodies. The +prisoners were then taken up to the top of the hill outside Dinant and +compelled to stay there till eight o'clock in the morning. On the +following day they were put into cattle trucks and taken thence to +Coblenz. For three months they remained prisoners in Germany. + +Unarmed civilians were killed in masses at other places near the prison. +About ninety bodies were seen lying on the top of one another in a grass +square opposite the convent. + + BRITISH GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE'S REPORT. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_MATER DOLOROSA_ + + +The inhabitants fled through the village (near Blamont). It was +horrible. The walls of houses are bespattered with blood and the faces +of the dead are hideous to look upon. They were buried at once, some +sixty of them. Among them many old women, old men, and one woman +pregnant--the whole a dreadful sight. Three children huddled +together--all dead. Altar and arches of the church shattered. Telephone +communication with the enemy was found there. This morning, Sept. 2, all +the survivors were driven out; I saw four little boys carrying on two +poles a cradle with a child some five or six months old. The whole makes +a fearful sight. Blow upon blow! Thunderbolt on thunderbolt! Everything +given over to plunder. I saw a mother with her two little ones--one of +them had a great wound in the head and an eye put out. + + _From the Diary of_ + GEFREITER PAUL SPELLMAN, + _Capt. First Brigade of Infantry Guard_ + (_Prussian Guards_). + +[Illustration] + + + + +_IS IT YOU, MOTHER?_ + + +A corporal named Houston narrated that while he lay wounded on the +ground, after the battle of Soissons, he saw a young English soldier +lying near him, delirious. A German soldier gave the poor lad water from +his flask. The young Englishman, his mind wandering, said, "Is it you, +mother?" The German comprehended, and to maintain the illusion, caressed +his face with a mother's soft touch. The poor boy died shortly +afterwards and the German soldier, on getting to his feet, was seen +to be crying. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_MEN TO THE RIGHT, WOMEN TO THE LEFT_ + + +On Sunday, August 23rd, at half past six in the morning, the +soldiers of the 108th regiment of the line drove worshippers of the +Premonstratensian Church, separated the men from the women, and shot +about fifty of the former through the head. Between seven and nine +o'clock there was house to house looting and burning by soldiers who +chased the inhabitants into the street. Those who tried to escape were +shot off-hand. + +At about nine o'clock the soldiers drove all who had been found in the +houses in front of them by means of blows from their rifle-butts. They +crowded them together in Place d'Armes, where they kept them until six +o'clock in the evening. Their guards amused themselves by telling the +men repeatedly that they would soon be shot. + +At six o'clock a captain separated the men from the women and children. +The women were placed behind a line of infantry. The men had to stand +alongside a wall; those in the first row were told to sit on their +haunches, the others to remain standing behind them. A platoon took a +stand right opposite the group. The women prayed in vain for the mercy +of their husbands, their sons, and their brothers; the officer gave the +order to fire. He had not made the slightest investigation, pronounced +no sentence of any sort. + + _Belgian Gov. Committee's Report._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_A PITIFUL EXODUS_ + + +In many groups were to be seen old, old people, grandfathers and +grandmothers of a family, and these in their shaking frailty and terror, +which they could not withstand, were the more pitiable objects in the +great gathering of stricken townsfolk. This pathetic clinging together +of the family was one of the most affecting sights I witnessed, and I +have not the slightest doubt that in the mad rush for refuge beyond the +borders of their native land many family groups of this sort completely +perished. + +All day and throughout the night these pitiful scenes continued, and +when I went down to the quayside early Thursday, when the dawn was +throwing a wan light over this part of the world, I found again a great +host of citizens awaiting their chance of flight. + + _London Daily Chronicle on + The Fall of Antwerp. + October 11, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_SYMPATHY_ + +"_If I find you again looking so sad, I'll send you to Germany after +your father_" + +[Illustration] + + + + +_WE WAGE WAR ON DIVINE PRINCIPLES_ + + +The names of the priests and monks of the diocese of Malines, who, to my +knowledge, were put to death by the German troops, are as follows: +Dupierreux, of the Company of Jesus; Brother Sebastien Allard, of the +Society of St. Joseph; Brother Candide, of the Society of the Brothers +of Our Lady of Pity; Father Vincent, Conventual Carette, a professor; +Lombaerts, Goris de Clerck; Dergent, Wouters, Van Bladel, _curés_. + +At Christmas time I was not perfectly certain what had been the fate of +the _Curé_ of Hérent. Since then his dead body has been discovered at +Louvain and identified. + + _From a letter from_ CARDINAL MERCIER, + _to The Kreischef of District of Malines._ + _December, 1914._ + + +The Cathedral of Rheims has many companions in distress. The German +army, when it invaded the north of France, destroyed, totally or +partially, by bombardment or incendiarism, churches and chapels at +Albert, Serres, Vieille-Capelle, Etavigny, Soissons, Hébuterne, +Ribécourt, Suippes, Montceau, Barcy, Revigny, Souain, Maurupt, +Berry-au-Bac, Mandray, Heiltz-le-Maurupt, Sermaize-les-Bains, Doncières, +etc. + + _From "Is War Civilization?"_ + _By_ PROF. CHRISTOPHE NYROP, + _University of Copenhagen._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS_ + +_Four hundred and eighty millions of francs have been imposed as a war +tax but soup is given gratis_ + + +PROCLAMATION + +A War Contribution, amounting to 480,000,000 francs, to be paid in +monthly installments over the course of a year, is imposed on the +population of Belgium. + +The payment of these sums devolves upon the Nine Provinces, which are +held collectively responsible for the discharge of it. + +The two first installments are to be paid up, at latest, on January 15, +1915, and the following installments on the 10th, at latest, of each +following month, to the Field Army Treasury of the Imperial +Governor-Generalship at Brussels. + +In case the Provinces have to resort to the issue of bonds in order to +obtain the funds necessary, the form and terms of these bonds will be +settled by the Imperial Commissary-General for the Banks in Belgium. + + BARON VON BISSING, + _Governor-General in Belgium._ + _Brussels, December 10, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_A FACT_ + +_This brutalism by Major Tille of the German Army on a small boy of +Maastricht was vouched for by an eye-witness._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!_ + + +CONCLUSIONS + +It is proved-- + +(i.) That there were in many parts of Belgium deliberate and +systematically organized massacres of the civil population, accompanied +by many isolated murders and other outrages. + +(ii.) That in the conduct of the war generally innocent civilians, both +men and women, were murdered in large numbers, women violated, and +children murdered. + +(iii.) That looting, house burning, and the wanton destruction of +property were ordered and countenanced by the officers of the German +Army, that elaborate provision had been made for systematic incendiarism +at the very outbreak of the war, and that the burnings and destruction +were frequent where no military necessity could be alleged, being indeed +part of a system of general terrorization. + +(iv.) That the rules and usages of war were frequently broken, +particularly by the using of civilians, including women and children, as +a shield for advancing forces exposed to fire, to a less degree by +killing the wounded and prisoners, and in the frequent abuse of the Red +Cross and the white flag. + + _British Government Committee's Report._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_A CONFLICT OF TESTIMONY_ + +"_Sire, it's quite easy; for every witness who swears we've murdered +innocent people we will produce two who will swear they did not see it_" + + +All that I care to say about the Belgian charges is that I have +officially informed the State Department in Washington that there is not +one word of truth in the statements made to the President yesterday by +the Belgian Commission. + + COUNT VON BERNSTORFF, + _German Ambassador, + at Washington, September 17._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE MOTHERS OF BELGIUM_ + + +Christian mothers, be proud of your sons. Of all griefs, of all our +human sorrows, yours is perhaps the most worthy of veneration. I think I +behold you in your affliction. Suffer us to offer you not only our +condolence, but our congratulation. Not all our heroes obtain temporal +honors, but for all we expect the immortal crown of the elect. For this +is the virtue of a single act of perfect charity--it cancels a whole +lifetime of sins. It transforms a sinful man into a saint. + + CARDINAL MERCIER, + _Archbishop of Malines_. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND ÜBER ALLES_ + + +_"Where are our fathers?" Belgium, 1914_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_FAMINE IN BELGIUM_ + + +In Belgium I saw this: + +Homeless men, women, and children by thousands and hundreds of +thousands. Many of them had been prosperous, a few had been wealthy, +practically all had been comfortable. Now, with scarcely an exception, +they stood all upon one common plane of misery. They had lost their +homes, their farms, their workshops, their livings, and their means of +making livings. + +I saw them tramping aimlessly along windswept, rain-washed roads, +fleeing from burning and devastated villages. I saw them sleeping in +open fields upon the miry earth, with no cover and no shelter. I saw +them herded together in the towns and cities to which many of them +ultimately fled, existing God alone knows how. I saw them--ragged, +furtive scarecrows--prowling in the shattered ruins of their homes, +seeking salvage where there was no salvage to be found. I saw them +living like the beasts of the field, upon such things as the beasts of +the field would reject. + + IRVIN S. COBB. + _New York Times._ + _December 2, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER_ + + +Our function is ended when we have stated what the evidence establishes, +but we may be permitted to express our belief that these disclosures +will not have been made in vain if they touch and rouse the conscience +of mankind, and we venture to hope that as soon as the present war is +over the nations of the world in council will consider what means can be +provided and sanctions devised to prevent the recurrence of such horrors +as our generation is now witnessing. + + BRYCE, + F. POLLOCK, + EDWARD CLARKE, + KENELM E. DIGBY, + ALFRED HOPKINSON, + H. A. L. FISHER, + HAROLD COX, + _Concluding words of the Report of the Committee + appointed by the British Government + to investigate alleged German atrocities + in Belgium._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE PRISONERS_ + + +In the first days of the war it was undoubtedly and unfortunately true +that prisoners of war taken by the Germans, both at the time of their +capture and in transit to the prison camps, were often badly treated by +the soldiers, guards or the civil population. + +The instances were too numerous, the evidence too overwhelming, to be +denied.... From him (U.S. Consul at Kiel) I learned that some +unfortunate prisoners passing through the town (in a part of Germany +inhabited by Scandinavians) had made signs that they were suffering +from hunger and thirst, that some of the kind-hearted people among the +Scandinavian population had given them something to eat and drink and +for this they were condemned to fines, to prison and to have their names +held up to the contempt of Germans for all time. + +I do not know of any one thing that can give a better idea of the +official hate for the nations with which Germany was at war than this. + + JAMES W. GERARD + _in "My Four Years in Germany."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE EX-CONVICT:_ + +"_I was a 'lifer'; but they found I had so many abilities for teaching +civilisation amongst our neighbours, that I am now a soldier_" + + +Crimes against women and young girls have been of appalling frequency. +We have proved a great number of them, but they only represent an +infinitesimal proportion of those which we could have taken up. Owing to +a sense of decency, which is deserving of every respect, the victims of +these hateful acts usually refuse to disclose them. Doubtless fewer +would have been committed if the leaders of an army whose discipline +is most rigorous had taken any trouble to prevent them; yet, strictly +speaking, they can only be considered as the individual and spontaneous +acts of uncaged beasts. + + _French Government's Official Report, + September, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_WAR LOAN MUSIC_ + +"_Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten heraus?_" + + +Early in September, 1914, the Government made the first War Loan issue. +It took the form of £50,000,000 of 5 per cent. Treasury Bonds with a +five years' currency, and a 5 per cent. Loan of undefined amount, +irredeemable until 1924. The price of both the Treasury Bills and the +Loan was 97-1/2. During the ten days in which the lists remained open, a +tremendous propaganda was carried on in the Press--this quotation is +typical: + +"The victories which our glorious Army has already won in the west and +east justify the hopes that now, as in 1870, the expenses and burdens of +the war will fall ultimately upon those who have disturbed the peace of +the German Empire. But first we must help ourselves. Great interests are +at stake. + +"German capitalists, show that you are inspired by the same spirit as +our heroes, who shed their hearts' blood in the fight. Germans who have +saved money, show that you have saved, not only for yourselves, but also +for the Fatherland. German corporations, companies, savings banks, and +all institutions which have blossomed and grown up under the powerful +protection of the Empire, repay the Empire with your gratitude in this +hour of fate. German banks and bankers, show what your brilliant +organization and your influence on your customers are able to produce." + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_LIBERTÉ! LIBERTÉ CHÈRIE!_ + + +Soldiers,--Upon the memorable fields of Montmirail, of Vauchamps, of +Champaubert, which a century ago witnessed the victories of our +ancestors over Blücher's Prussians, your vigorous offensive has +triumphed over the resistance of the Germans. Held on his flanks, his +centre broken, the enemy is now retreating towards east and north by +forced marches. The most renowned army corps of Old Prussia, the +contingents of Westphalia, of Hanover, of Brandenburg, have retired +in haste before you. + +This first success is no more than a prelude. The enemy is shaken, but +not yet decisively beaten. + +You have still to undergo severe hardships, to make long marches, to +fight hard battles. + +May the image of your country, soiled by barbarians, always remain +before your eyes. Never was it more necessary to sacrifice all for her. + +Saluting the heroes who have fallen in the fighting of the last few +days, my thoughts turn towards you--the victors in the next battle. + +Forward, soldiers, for France. + + FRANCHET D'ESPEREY, + _General Commanding the Vth Army._ + _Montmirail, September 9, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE JUNKER_ + +"_What I have most admired in you, Bethmann, is that you have made +Socialists our best supporters_" + + +England is playing a perfectly shameful rôle in this war. Even though +France were allied to Russia by an unfortunate treaty, England was not +so allied! But England, who has ever been jealous of the industrial +development of our country, used the violation of our treaty of +neutrality with Belgium, which was incurred only in dire need and which +was yielded openly and honestly in the Reichstag by the Chancellor, as a +pretext to declare war against us. + + PHILIPP SCHEIDEMANN, + _Socialist ex-Vice-President + of the Reichstag._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE HIGHER POLITICS_ + +_The Kaiser: "We will propose peace terms; if they accept them, we are +the gainers; if they refuse them, the responsibility will rest with +them_" + + +Germany has suggested informally that the United States should undertake +to elicit from Great Britain, France, and Russia a statement of the +terms under which the Allies would make peace. + +The suggestion was made by the Imperial Chancellor, von +Bethmann-Hollweg, to Ambassador Gerard at Berlin as a result of an +inquiry sent by the American Government to learn whether Emperor William +was desirous of discussing peace, as recently had been reported. + + _The Associated Press._ + _Washington, September 17, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG_ + +"_It is a War of Rapine! On that I take my stand. I cannot do +otherwise_" + + +I understand that several members of the Socialist Party have written +all sorts of things to the press with regard to the deliberations of the +Socialist Party in the Reichstag on August 3 and 4. + +According to these reports there were no serious differences of opinion +in our party in regard to the political situation, and our own position +and decision to assent to war credits are alleged to have been arrived +at unanimously. + +In order to prevent the dissemination of an inadmissible legend I feel +it to be my duty to put on record the fact that the issues involved gave +rise to diametrically opposite views within our parliamentary party, and +these opposing views found expression with a violence hitherto unknown +in our deliberations. + +It is also entirely untrue to say that assent to the war credits was +given unanimously. + + DR. CARL LIEBKNECHT, + _Member of the Reichstag._ + _September 18, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE LAND MINE_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE VERY STONES CRY OUT,_ + +"_Thou art the man_" + + +The German Government states officially in contradiction of the report +made by the Havas Agency that German artillery purposely destroyed +important buildings at Rheims, that, on the contrary, orders were given +to spare the Cathedral by all means. + + COUNT VON BERNSTORFF. + _Washington, September, 1914._ + + +On Sept. 19 the cathedral was fairly riddled by bombs during the entire +day, and at about 3:45 the scaffolding surrounding the north tower +caught fire. This fire lasted about one hour, and during that time two +further bombs struck the roof, setting it also on fire. + +The monument, about which no troops were massed, towers above the rest +of the town; to avoid it, in view of the uselessness of destroying it +and because it was serving as a hospital, would have been an easy +matter. + +It would seem that the only explanation which can be offered was blind +rage upon the part of the besieging army. + + MR. WHITNEY WARREN'S + _Official Report to the French Government._ + _September, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE BRAGGART_ + +"_It was I who opened fire on Rheims Cathedral_" + + +My dear Sir, how is it possible to fight these people? They seem to have +no mercy, no decency. It really seems impossible to know how to meet +them. + + GENERAL CASTELNAU TO + MR. WHITNEY WARREN. + + +The bells sound no more in the cathedral with two towers. Finished is +the benediction!... With lead, O Rheims, we have shut your house of +idolatry! + + M. RUDOLF HERZOG + _in Berlin Lokal-Anzeiger. Jan., 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_RHEIMS--WAR AND CHRIST_ + + +The commonest, ugliest stone put to mark the burial-place of a German +grenadier is a more glorious and venerable monument than all the +cathedrals of Europe put together. + + GEN. VON DISFURTH + _In Hamburger Nachrichten._ + + +Reduce to ashes the basilica of Rheims where Klodovig was anointed, +where that Empire of Franks was born--the false brothers of the noble +Teutons; burn that cathedral! + + _Written in the year 1814 by_ + JEAN-JOSEPH GOERRES + _in the "Rheinische Merkin."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +LIQUID FIRE + + +In October, 1914, the headquarters of the second German army at St. +Quentin had issued an Order regulating the use of fire-squirts ejecting +inflammable liquid. A special Corps of Pioneers, attachable to any unit +which might need them, had been organized to handle this novel weapon. +The Order explained that the instrument could squirt a flame which would +cause mortal injury and which, owing to the heat generated, would drive +the enemy to a considerable distance. It was recommended particularly +for street fighting. + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_WE ARE ON OUR WAY TO CALAIS!_ + + +In those days the German headquarters gave continuously the order, "To +Calais, to Calais," and the staff considered no difficulties, calculated +no sacrifices, in order to achieve success. + +What these frenzied orders have cost in human lives history will tell +later on. + + "_The German Fury in Belgium_," + By L. MOKVELD. + + +Then the "seventy fives" were brought up at a gallop and poured a hail +of shell at the demoralized German infantry wading frantically through +the water towards the canal. Rifles and machine guns joined the work of +destruction, and the placid lake between the railway and canal was soon +dotted with drowning Germans fallen from the demoralized crowds +struggling to reach a haven of safety over the bridges of St. Georges, +Schoorbakke, and Tervaete. + +The crisis of the battle of the Yser was over; the Germans had made +their great effort and had failed. + + _The Times History of the War._ + _Battle of the Yser. October, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_WRITE IT DOWN, SCHOOLMASTER_ + +_William: "Write it down, Schoolmaster. Monday shall be Copper Day; +Tuesday, Potato Day; Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday, Gold Day; Friday, +Rubber Day; Saturday, no Dinner Day, and Sunday, Hate Day!"_ + + + Take you the folk of the Earth in pay, + With bars of gold your ramparts lay, + Bedeck the ocean with bow on bow, + Ye reckon well, but not well enough now, + French and Russian, they matter not, + A blow for a blow, a shot for a shot, + We fight the battle with bronze and steel, + And the time that is coming Peace will seal, + You we will hate with a lasting hate, + We will never forego our hate, + Hate by water and hate by land, + Hate of the head and hate of the hand, + Hate of the hammer and hate of the crown, + Hate of seventy millions choking down, + We love as one, we hate as one, + We have one foe and one alone, + ENGLAND! + + _Hymn of Hate, by_ ERNST LISSAUER. + _Translation by_ BARBARA HENDERSON. + _New York Times, Oct., 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_BARBED WIRE_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE SEA MINE_ + + +Take the very first incident of the war, the mine laying by the _Königin +Luise_. Here was a vessel, which was obviously made ready with freshly +charged mines some time before there was any question of a general +European war, which was sent forth in time of peace, and which, on +receipt of a wireless message, began to spawn its hellish cargo across +the North Sea at points fifty miles from land in the track of all +neutral merchant shipping. There was the keynote of German tactics +struck at the first possible instant. So promiscuous was the effect that +it was a mere chance which prevented the vessel which bore the German +Ambassador from being destroyed by a German mine. From first to last +some hundreds of people have lost their lives on this tract of sea, some +of them harmless British trawlers, but the greater number sailors of +Danish and Dutch vessels pursuing their commerce as they had every right +to do. It was the first move in a consistent policy of murder. + + SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE + _In "The German War."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_HIS MASTER'S VOICE_ + + +The _Vlaamsche Stem_ (_Flemish Voice_), a Flemish newspaper, was bought +by the Germans, whereupon the whole of the staff resigned, as it no +longer represented its title. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE PROMISE_ + + +We shall never sheathe the sword which we have not lightly drawn until +Belgium recovers in full measure all and more than she has sacrificed, +until France is adequately secured against the menace of aggression, +until the rights of the smaller nationalities of Europe are placed upon +an unassailable foundation, and until the military domination of Prussia +is wholly and finally destroyed. + + H. H. ASQUITH, + _Prime Minister of England._ + _November, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE RAID_ + +"_Do you remember Black Mary of Hamburg?_" + +"_Aye, well._" + +"_She got six years for killing a child, whilst we get the Iron Cross +for killing twenty at Hartlepool._" + + +This morning a German cruiser force made a demonstration upon Yorkshire +coast, in the course of which they shelled Hartlepool, Whitby, and +Scarborough. + +A number of their fastest ships were employed for this purpose, and they +remained about an hour on the coast. They were engaged by patrol vessels +on the spot. + +During the bombardment, especially in West Hartlepool, the people +crowded in the streets, and approximately twenty-two were killed and +fifty wounded. + + _British Admiralty report._ + _December, 1914._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE TYPHUS INFERNO AT WITTENBERG_ + + +They were received in apathetic silence (Dec., 1914). The rooms were +unlighted, the men were aimlessly marching up and down, some were lying +on the floor, probably sickening for typhus. When they got into the open +air again Major Fry broke down. The horror of it all was for the moment +more than he could bear. + +Major Priestly saw delirious men waving arms brown to the elbow with +fæcal matter. The patients were alive with vermin; in the half light he +attempted to brush what he took to be an accumulation of dust from the +folds of a patient's clothes, and he discovered it to be a moving mass +of lice. In one room in Compound No. 8 the patients lay so close to one +another on the floor that he had to stand straddle-legged across them to +examine them. + +What the prisoners found hardest to bear in this matter were the jeers +with which the coffins were frequently greeted by the inhabitants of +Wittenberg who stood outside and were permitted to insult their dead. + + _Report of the British Committee._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_REMEMBER WITTENBERG_ + + +These medical officers protested with the camp commander against the +herding together of the French and British prisoners with the Russians, +who, as I have said, were suffering from typhus fever. But the camp +commander said, "You will have to know your Allies"; and kept all of his +prisoners together, and thus as surely condemned to death a number of +French and British prisoners of war as though he had stood them against +the wall and ordered them shot by a firing squad. Conditions in the camp +during the period of this epidemic were frightful. The camp was +practically deserted by the Germans. + +At the time I visited the camp the typhus epidemic, of course, had been +stamped out. The Germans employed a large number of police dogs in this +camp and these dogs not only were used in watching the outside of the +camp in order to prevent the escape of prisoners but also were used +within the camp. Many complaints were made to me by prisoners concerning +these dogs, stating that men had been bitten by them. It seemed +undoubtedly true that the prisoners there had been knocked about and +beaten in a terrible manner by their guards. + + JAMES W. GERARD + _in "My Four Years in Germany."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE WONDERS OF CULTURE_ + + +On January 29, 1915, the first Zeppelin raid upon Paris took place. +Twenty-four people were killed outright by the exploding bombs and over +30 were injured. With one exception all the dead and injured were +civilians and the majority were women and children. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_TIRPITZ' LAST HOPE--PIRACY_ + + +The waters around Great Britain and Ireland, including the whole English +Channel, are declared a war zone on and after February 18, 1915. + +Every enemy merchant ship found in this war zone will be destroyed, even +if it is impossible to avert dangers which threaten the crew and +passengers. + +Also neutral ships in the war zone are in danger, as in consequence of +the misuse of neutral flags ordered by the British Government on January +31, and in view of the hazards of naval warfare, it cannot always be +avoided that attacks meant for enemy ships endanger neutral ships. + +Shipping northward, around the Shetland Islands, in the eastern basin of +the North Sea, and a strip of at least thirty nautical miles in breadth +along the Dutch coast, is endangered in the same way. + + _German Navy Official Communication. Berlin, February 4, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_ALCOHOLISM--BRITONS NEVER WILL BE SLAVES_ + + +The vast majority belong to a class we can depend upon. The others are a +minority. + +But, you must remember, a small minority of workmen can throw a whole +works out of gear. What is the reason? Sometimes it is one thing, +sometimes it is another, but let us be perfectly candid. It is mostly +the lure of the drink. They refuse to work full time, and when they +return their strength and efficiency are impaired by the way in which +they have spent their leisure. Drink is doing us more damage in the war +than all the German submarines put together. + + D. LLOYD GEORGE AT BANGOR. + _February 28, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_The Crown Prince: "Isn't it an enjoyable war?"_ + +_William: "Perhaps, but hardly as much so as I anticipated"_ + + +To sum up, the German General Staff has placed upon its record since the +beginning of the campaign--apart from the failure of its great plan, +which aimed at the crushing of France in a few weeks--seven defeats of +high significance, namely, the defeat of the sudden attack on Nancy, the +defeat of the rapid march on Paris, the defeat of the envelopement of +our left in August, the defeat of the same envelopement in November, the +defeat of the attempt to break through our centre in September, the +defeat of the coast attack on Dunkirk and Calais, and the defeat of the +attack on Ypres. + + _French Official report, February, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES_ + +"_We have gained a good bit: our cemeteries now extend as far as the +sea_" + + +The wastage of German effectives is easy to establish. We have for the +purpose two sources--the official lists of losses published by the +German General Staff and the notebooks, letters, and archives of +soldiers and officers killed and taken prisoners. These different +documents show that by the middle of January the German losses on the +two fronts were 1,800,000 men. + +These figures are certainly less than the reality, because, for one +thing, the sick are not comprised, and, for another, the losses in the +last battle in Poland are not included. Let us accept them, however; let +us accept also that out of these 1,800,000 men 500,000--this is the +normal proportion--have been able to rejoin after being cured. Thus the +final loss for five months of the campaign has been 1,300,000 men, or +260,000 men per month. + + _French Government Official Report._ + _March, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_NEUVE CHAPELLE_ + +_Order of the Crown Prince of Bavaria: "You must give those English +heavy blows."_ + +_Tommy to prisoners after Neuve Chapelle: "Weren't they heavy?"_ + + +Soldiers of the Sixth Army! We have now the good luck to have also the +Englishmen opposite us on our front, troops of that race whose envy was +at work for years to surround us with a ring of foes and to throttle us. +That race especially we have to thank for this war. Therefore, when now +the order is given to attack this foe, practice retribution for their +hostile treachery and for the many heavy sacrifices! Show them that the +Germans are not so easily to be wiped out of history. Show them that, +with German blows of a special kind. Here is the opponent who most +blocks a restoration of the peace. Up and at him! + + CROWN PRINCE RUPPRECHT. + + +After several days of severe fighting the British captured Neuve +Chapelle, on the 11th March, 1915. The German loss was estimated at +18,000. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE MUNITION SHORTAGE_ + +_Fired at but unable to reply_ + + +We have unfortunately found that the output is not only not equal to our +necessities, but does not fulfil our expectations.... I can only say +that the supply of war material at the present moment and for the next +two or three months is causing me very serious anxiety, and I wish all +those engaged in the manufacture and supply of these stores to realize +that it is absolutely essential not only that the arrears in the +deliveries of our munitions of war should be wiped off, but that the +output of every round of ammunition is of the utmost importance and has +a large influence on our operations in the field. + + LORD KITCHENER. + _House of Commons, March 15, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_SUBMARINE BAGS_ + + +On March 18 a month had passed since the beginning of our sharp +procedure against our worst foe. We can in every way be satisfied with +the results achieved in the meantime! In spite of all steps taken before +and thereafter, the English have everywhere had important losses to show +at sea--some 200 ships lost since the beginning of the war, according to +the latest statements of the Allies. + +In the innocent exalted island kingdom many a fellow is already +striking; why should not even the recruit strike, who is also beginning +to get a glimmer of the truth that there are no props in the ocean +waves? + +The more opponents come before the bows of our ships and are sunk, the +better! Down with them to the bottom of the sea; that alone will help! +Let us hope that we shall soon receive more such cheerful news. + + VICE-ADMIRAL KIRCHOFF. + _Hamburger Framdenblatt._ + _March 19, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_I had such a delightful dream that the whole thing was not true_" + + +The strategic retreat of the French Army, the facility with which the +German armies were able to advance from August 25 to September 5, gave +our adversaries a feeling of absolute and final superiority, which +manifested itself at that time by all the statements gleaned and all the +documents seized. + +At the moment of the battle of the Marne the first impression was one +of failure of comprehension and of stupor. A great number of German +soldiers, notably those who fell into our hands during the first days of +that battle, believed fully, as at the end of August, that the retreat +they were ordered to make was only a means of luring us into a trap. +German military opinion was suddenly converted when the soldiers saw +that this retreat continued, and that it was being carried out in +disorder, under conditions which left no doubt as to its cause and its +extent. + + _French Government Official Report._ + _March, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE_ + +"_You see, my little Dutch Geese, I am fighting for the freedom of the +Seas_" + + +On March 25, 1915, the Dutch vessel _Medea_, on the way from Valencia to +London, was sunk by a German submarine, U 28, near Beachy Head, after +the crew had had time to save themselves in the boats. The submarine +towed the two boats for a quarter of an hour and then left the occupants +to their fate. + +The German Government considered that the Declaration of London gave it +the right to sink neutral prizes laden with contraband. The Dutch +Government held firmly to its standpoint that the destruction of a +neutral prize was in all circumstances an illegal act and that the +prescription of the Declaration of London allowing, by way of exception, +destruction of neutral prizes, could not be regarded as established +international law. + +Its offer to submit the case to international arbitration was rejected +by the German Government. + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_IRON CROSSES_" + +"_You laugh, Muller! but there are still people who like them, and +besides it gives me exercise_" + + +From the very beginning there was a wholesale distribution of Iron +Crosses. Before the war the possession of an Iron Cross was a rare +distinction and a cherished memory of the war of 1870. Iron Crosses soon +became as plentiful as blackberries. According to official statistics +there had up to the end of March, 1915, been distributed five Grand +Crosses, 6,488 Iron Crosses of the First Class, and 338,261 Iron Crosses +of the Second Class. During the whole of the war of 1870 only 1,304 Iron +Crosses of the First Class and 45,791 Iron Crosses of the Second Class +had been distributed. + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH_ + +"_Truth is on the path and nothing will stay her_" + + +A German has written this book. No Frenchman, no Russian, no Englishman. + +A German who is unbribed and unbribable, not bought and not for sale. + +A German who loves his Fatherland as much as any man; but just because +he loves it, he has written this book. + +_Opening lines of "J'accuse"--a German to Germans--published in +Switzerland, April, 1915._ + + +The book sets out to prove that the war had long been planned and +prepared by Germany and Austria, not only from the military but from the +political point of view. + +That it had long been determined to represent this aggressive war to the +German people as a war of liberation, since it was known that only thus +could the needful enthusiasm be aroused. + +That the object of this war is the establishment of German hegemony on +the Continent, and in due course the conquest of England's position as a +world power on the principle "_Ote-toi de là que je m'y mette_." + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE FALABA_ + +"_We have better luck with passenger boats than with war ships, for they +cannot shoot_" + + +On March 28, 1915, the British steamer _Falaba_ was torpedoed by a +German submarine. The torpedoes were fired while the crew and passengers +were entering the small boats. More than 100 persons, including Mr. +Thrasher, an American citizen, perished with the ship. + +While some of the boats were still on their davits the submarine fired a +torpedo at short range. This action made it absolutely certain that +there must be great loss of life and it must have been committed +knowingly with the intention of producing that result. + + BRITISH OFFICIAL PRESS BUREAU. + _April 8, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE GAS FIEND_ + + +At some time between 4 and 5 P.M. (22d April) the Germans started +operations by releasing gases with the result that a cloud of poisonous +vapor rolled swiftly before the wind from their trenches toward those of +the French west of Langemarck, held by a portion of the French Colonial +Division. Allowing sufficient time for the fumes to take full effect on +the troops facing them, the Germans charged forward over the practically +unresisting enemy in their immediate front, and, penetrating through the +gap thus created, pressed on silently and swiftly to the south and west. + + BRITISH OFFICIAL EYEWITNESS. + _April 27, 1915._ + + +"We shall not allow these wonderful weapons, which German intelligence +invented, to grow rusty." + + _The Cologne Gazette._ + + +Germany was a signatory to the declaration at the Hague Conference of +1899, and an article in that Declaration ran as follows: "The +contracting Powers agree to abstain from the use of projectiles the sole +object of which is the diffusion of asphyxiating or deleterious gases." + +[Illustration] + + + + +_SLOW ASPHYXIATION_ + + +These men were lying struggling for breath and blue in the face. On +examining the blood with the spectroscope and by other means, I +ascertained that the blueness was not due to the presence of any +abnormal pigment. There was nothing to account for the blueness +(cyanosis) and struggle for air but the one fact that they were +suffering from acute bronchitis, such as is caused by inhalation of an +irritant gas. Their statements were that when in the trenches they had +been overwhelmed by an irritant gas produced in front of the German +trenches and carried toward them by a gentle breeze. + + _Official Investigation by_ + DR. J. S. HALDANE, F.R.S. + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_Hullo! Potsdam? Did you thank your dear old God for this new +success?_" + + +The Royal Highlanders of Montreal, 13th Battalion, and the 48th +Highlanders, 15th Battalion, were more especially affected by the +discharge. The Royal Highlanders, though considerably shaken, remained +immovable on their ground. The 48th Highlanders, who no doubt received a +more poisonous discharge, were for the moment dismayed, and, indeed, +their trench, according to the testimony of very hardened soldiers, +became intolerable. + +The Battalion retired from the trench, but for a very short distance and +for a very short time. In a few moments they were again their own men. +They advanced on and reoccupied the trenches which they had momentarily +abandoned.... + +The sorely tried Battalion (the 13th) held on for a time in dug-outs, +and, under cover of darkness, retired again to a new line being formed +by reinforcements. The rearguard was under Lieut. Greenshields. But +Major McCuaig remained to see that the wounded were removed. It was +then, after having escaped a thousand deaths through the long battle of +the night, that he was shot down and made a prisoner. + + SIR MAX AITKEN, + _in "Canada in Flanders."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI_" + +[Illustration] + + + + +_ALL IS QUIET IN BELGIUM_ + + +I asked General von Bissing if there was much need for this military +tribunal (The Feld Gericht). I shall not forget his reply. + +"We have a few serious cases," he said. "Occasionally there is a little +sedition but for the most part it is only needle pricks. They are quiet +now. They know why," and, slowly shaking his head, von Bissing, who is +known as the sternest disciplinarian in the entire German Army, smiled. + + _From an interview given by the_ + GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF BELGIUM _to_ + EDWARD LYALL FOX, + _New York Times, April, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_Germany: "Gott strafe England! or I will do it myself"_ + + +NOTICE! + +Travellers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that +a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain +and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the +British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the +Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or +of any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that +travellers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her +allies do so at their own risk. + + IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY. + _Washington, D. C., April 22, 1915._ + _Advertisement published in New York newspapers._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_Well, have you nearly done?_" + + +The Cunard liner _Lusitania_ was yesterday torpedoed by a German +submarine and sank. The _Lusitania_ was naturally armed with guns. +Moreover, as is well know here, she had large quantities of war material +in her cargo. + + BERLIN OFFICIAL REPORT, _May 8, 1915._ + + +This report is not correct. The _Lusitania_ was inspected before +sailing, as is customary. No guns were found, mounted or unmounted, and +the vessel sailed without any armament. + + COLLECTOR PORT OF NEW YORK, _May 9, 1915._ + + +The sinking of the British passenger steamer _Falaba_ by a German +submarine on March 28, through which Leon C. Thrasher, an American +citizen, was drowned; the attack on April 28 on the American vessel +_Cushing_ by a German aeroplane; the torpedoing on May 1 of the American +vessel _Gulflight_ by a German submarine as a result of which two or +more American citizens met their death; and, finally, the torpedoing and +sinking of the steamship _Lusitania_, constitute a series of events +which the Government of the United States has observed with growing +concern, distress, and amazement. + + FROM UNITED STATES NOTE TO GERMANY, + _May 13, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE LUSITANIA--HEROD'S NIGHTMARE_ + +"_Are they crying 'Mother'--or 'Murder'?_" + + +This represents not merely piracy, but piracy on a vaster scale of +murder than old-time pirates ever practiced. This is the warfare which +destroyed Louvain and Dinant and hundreds of men, women, and children in +Belgium. It is a warfare against innocent men, women, and children +traveling on the ocean, and our own fellow-countrymen and countrywomen, +who are among the sufferers. + +It seems inconceivable that we can refrain from taking action in this +matter, for we owe it not only to humanity, but to our own national +self-respect. + + COL. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. + _May 7, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_VICTIMS OF GERMAN KULTUR_ + + +Whatever be the other facts regarding the _Lusitania_, the principal +fact is that a great steamer, primarily and chiefly a conveyance for +passengers, and carrying more than a thousand souls having no part or +lot in the conduct of the war, was torpedoed and sunk without so much as +a challenge or a warning, that men, women and children were sent to +their death in circumstances unparalleled in modern warfare. + + UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT'S + NOTE TO GERMANY. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE VERDICT_ + +"_It is the Hour, come_" + + +We find that this appalling crime was contrary to International law and +the conventions of all civilized nations, and we therefore charge the +officers of the said submarine, and the Emperor of the Government of +Germany, under whose orders they acted, with the crime of wilful and +wholesale murder before the tribunal of the civilized world. We desire +to express our sincere condolence with the relatives of deceased; the +Cunard Company; and the United States of America, so many of whose +citizens perished in this murderous attack on an unarmed liner. + + _The unanimous verdict of the Irish jury at + the inquest of the "Lusitania" victims._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_THIS IS TOO BORING, DO SUGGEST SOMETHING NEW_" + + +_Some German achievements in the first months of the Great War_: + +The violation of Belgium and Luxemburg. + +Massacre of civilian populations in Belgium and France. + +Bombardment by warships of open towns. + +Murder of civilians by air raids. + +Murder of civilians on the high seas. + +The introduction of liquid fire and poison gas. + +Enslavement of conquered civilian communities. + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_HAVE ANOTHER PIECE?_" + + +Without a drop of blood flowing, and without the life of a single +Italian being endangered, Italy could have secured the long list of +concessions which I recently read to the House--territory in Tyrol and +on the Isonzo as far as the Italian speech is heard, satisfactions of +the national aspirations in Trieste, a free hand in Albania, and the +valuable port of Valona. + + VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG. + _Reichstag, May 28, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE WOLF-TRAP_ + +_Italy: "You would make me believe that I shall have my cub given back +to me, but I know I shall have to fight for it"_ + + +The discussion continued for months from the first days of December to +March, and it was not until the end of March that Barion Burian offered +a zone of territory comprised within a line extending from the existing +boundary to a point just north of the City of Trent. + +In exchange for this proposed cession the Austro-Hungarian Government +demanded a number of pledges, including among them an assurance of +entire liberty of action in the Balkans. _Note should be made of the +fact that the cession of the territory around Trent was not intended to +be immediately effective as we demanded, but was to be made only upon +the termination of the European War._ + + SIGNOR SONNINO. + _Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs._ + _May 25, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE BROKEN ALLIANCE AND ITALY_ + +"_Twenty years and more you've forced me to wear this chain_" + + +For the guardianship, therefore, of these treaties the government of +the kingdom of Italy found itself constrained to notify the Imperial +Austrian Government on the fourth of this month, May, 1915, that it must +withdraw all of its proposals of agreement, denounce the treaty of the +alliance, and declare its own liberty of action. Nor, on the other hand, +was it more possible to leave Italy in isolation without security and +without prestige, just at the moment in which the history of the world +was taking on a decisive phase. + +Everything else we must forget from this moment, and remember only this: +to be _Italians_, to love all Italy with the same faith and fervor. The +forces of all must be cemented into one single heart; only one single +will must guide all toward the wished for end; and force, and art, and +will must find their expression one, alive, and heroic in the army and +navy of Italy and in the august leader who conducts them toward the +destiny of the new history. + + ANTONIO SALANDRA. + _President of the Ministerial Council._ + _Rome. May 20, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN_ + + +Neither Serbia nor Russia, despite a long and costly war, is hated. +Italy, however, or rather those Italian would be politicians and +business men who offer violence to the majority of peaceful Italian +people, are so unutterably hated with the most profound honesty that +this war can produce. + + _The Frankfurter Zeitung, May 25, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE LATIN SISTERS_ + +_Italy: "Indeed she is my sister"_ + + +Giuseppe Garibaldi with a corps of Italian soldiers went to the defense +of the French Republic in the war of 1870 against the Prussians, +performing heroic deeds at Dijon worthy of an epopee. + +Ricciotti Garibaldi, living son of the Hero, with a corps of Italian +volunteers went to the defense of Greece against Turkey in 1897, +performing heroic deeds worthy of an epopee at Domokos. + +Peppino Garibaldi, living son of Ricciotti, with a corps of Italian +volunteers went to the defense of the French Republic in the present war +against Germany, performing heroic deeds worthy of an epopee in the +Argonne. + + _From "Why Italy entered the Great War."_ + LUIGI CARNOVALE. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH_ + +"_But Mother had done nothing wrong, had she, Daddy?_" + + +The first Zeppelin attack on London was made on the evening of the last +day of May, 1915. Zeppelins passed over Colchester at 10 o'clock, and at +twenty-three minutes past ten the people in one of the poorest and most +crowded quarters of East End were startled to find bomb after bomb, +mainly of incendiary type, dropping among them. A large number of +civilians including many women and children were killed. + + + By shell from sea, by bomb from air, + Our greeting shall be sped, + Making each English homestead + A mansion of the dead. + And even Grey will tremble + As falls each iron word; + "God punish England, brother? + Yea! Punish her, O Lord!" + + + _A Hymn of Hate by_ HERR HOCHSTETTER. + _Translated by_ + CAPT. G. VALENTINE WILLIAMS. + _London Daily Mail._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_MY SON, GO AND FIGHT FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND_ + +IS YOUR CONSCIENCE CLEAR? + + +Ask your conscience why you are staying comfortably at home instead of +doing _your_ share for your King and Country. + +1. Are you too old? + + The only man who is too old is the man who is over 38. + +2. Are you physically fit? + + The only man who can say honestly that he is not physically fit is + the man who has been told so by a Medical Officer. + +3. Do you suggest you cannot leave your business? + + In this great crisis the only man who cannot leave his business is + the man who is himself actually doing work for the Government. + +If your conscience is not clear on these three points your duty is +plain. + + ENLIST TO-DAY + + GOD SAVE THE KING + + _Newspaper advertisement in + British Press, May, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE SACRIFICE--FOR HUMANITY'S SAKE_ + + +The women of Great Britain will never forget what Belgium has done for +all that women hold most dear. + +In the days to come mothers will tell their children how a small but +great-souled nation fought to the death against overwhelming odds and +sacrificed all things to save the world from an intolerable tyranny. + +The story of the Belgian people's defense of freedom will inspire +countless generations yet unborn. + + EMMELINE PANKHURST, + _in "King Albert's Book."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_ON TICKET-OF-LEAVE_ + +"_Next time I'll wear a German Helmet and plead 'Military Necessity'_" + + +The German went into this war with a mind which had been carefully +trained out of the idea of every moral sense or obligation, private, +public, or international. He does not recognize the existence of any +law, least of all those he has subscribed to himself, in making war +against women and children. + +All mankind bears witness to-day that there is no crime, no cruelty, no +abomination that the mind of man can conceive which the German has not +perpetrated, is not perpetrating, and will not perpetrate if he is +allowed to go on. + +These horrors and perversions were not invented by him on the spur of +the moment. They were arranged beforehand. Their outlines are laid down +in the German war book. They are part of the system in which Germany has +been scientifically trained. It is the essence of that system to make +such a hell of countries where their armies set foot that any terms she +may offer will seem like heaven to the people whose bodies she has +defiled and whose minds she has broken of set purpose and intention. + + RUDYARD KIPLING, + _at Southport, England, June, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_ANOTHER GERMAN "VICTORY"_ + + +In June the Germans once more turned to the East and the North-East +Coast. On June 4, 1915, there was a raid, doing some slight damage; and +two days later there was another, by far the most serious of any that +had yet happened. The raiders succeeded in reaching a town on the East +Coast during the night and bombed it at their leisure. One large drapery +house was struck and was completely wrecked, the entire building--a +somewhat old one--collapsing. Some working-class streets were very badly +damaged, a number of houses destroyed, and many people injured. It was +one of the peculiarities of this raid that, unlike most of the others, +all the people injured were struck while indoors. The total casualties +here were twenty-four killed, about sixty seriously injured, and a +larger number slightly injured. + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +"_He was a brave 'Zepp,' he had already killed over one hundred women +and children_" + + +The outrage (see preceding page) was quickly avenged by a young British +naval airman, Flight Sub-Lieut. R. A. J. Warneford, in one of the most +brilliant aerial exploits of the war. + +On the morning of June 7 at 3 A. M. he encountered a Zeppelin returning +from the coast of Flanders to Ghent, and chased it, mounting above it +and sailing over it at a height of 6,000 feet. Zeppelin and aeroplane +exchanged shots, and when the Zeppelin was between one and two hundred +feet immediately below him he dropped six bombs on it. One bomb hit the +Zeppelin fairly, causing a terrific explosion, and setting the airship +on fire from end to end. Warneford's aeroplane was caught by the force +of the explosion and turned upside down, but he succeeded in righting it +before it touched the ground. He was forced to alight within the German +lines. Nevertheless he restarted his engine, though not without great +difficulty, and in due course returned to his station without damage. +Only the framework of the Zeppelin was left, the crew being all burned +or mangled, and the body of the machine being completely destroyed. + + _Times History of the War._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE GREAT SURPRISE_ + +_Moses II. leads his chosen people through the channel to the promised +(Eng.) land_ + + +From a military or political or economic point of view one should look +at the matter (the capture of Calais) with the eyes of Great Britain and +define the Calais idea as a possibility for a seafaring continental +power to conduct a war against Great Britain from the continental coast +channel and with all military resources while holding open communication +between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. + + COUNT VON REVENTLOW. + _June, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_BOTHA TO BRITAIN_ + +"_I have carried out everything in accordance with our compact at +Vereeniging_" + + +On July 9, 1915, a despatch from General Botha was published stating +that he had brought his campaign in South-West Africa to a triumphant +close, and had received the unconditional surrender of Governor Sietz +and the German forces of 3,500 men. The campaign, commencing in +February, had lasted five months. The patriotic devotion of General +Botha and the loyalty of the great majority of the Dutch people to the +cause of the British Empire were a magnificent vindication of the +Liberal Cabinet's policy of reconciliation after the close of the South +African war. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH IN ARMS_ + + +The self-governing Colonies in the British Empire have at their disposal +a 'militia,' which is sometimes only a process of formation. They can be +completely ignored so far as concerns any European theatre of war. + + VON BERNHARDI, _1911_. + + +Our thoughts naturally turn to the splendid efforts of the Oversea +Dominions and India, who, from the earliest days of the war, have ranged +themselves side by side with the Mother Country. The prepared armed +forces of India were the first to take the field, closely followed by +the gallant Canadians--who are now fighting alongside their British and +French comrades in Flanders. In the Dardanelles the Australians and New +Zealanders--combined with the same elements, have already accomplished a +feat of arms of almost unexampled brilliancy. In each of these great +Dominions new and large contingents are being prepared, while South +Africa, not content with the successful conclusion of the arduous +campaign in South-West Africa, is now offering large forces to engage +the enemy in the main theatre of war. + + LORD KITCHENER, _Guildhall speech, July 9, 1915._ + + +There are now in training or in the field 350,000 troops of the overseas +dominions alone, while this country, on estimate, has at least 2,775,000 +men in the field or in training. + + SIR GILBERT PARKER, _July, 1915._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_JOHN BULL: "COME ON, MICHAEL, I'M AWAKE NOW"_ + + +Rightly or wrongly, we have in the past devoted our energies and our +intelligence, not to preparations for war, but to that social progress +which makes for the happiness and contentment of the mass of our people. +And this, no doubt, is the reason why other nations imagine that we, as +a nation of shopkeepers, are too indolent and apathetic to fight for and +maintain these priceless liberties won by the men who laid the +foundation of our vast empire. + +But they are entirely mistaken in forming any such estimate of the +temperament or determination of our people. Great Britain hates war, and +no nation enters more reluctantly upon its horrible and devastating +operations; but at the same time no nation, when it is driven to war by +the machinations of its foes who desire to filch from it or from its +co-champions of liberty any portion of their inherited freedom, is more +resolved to see the matter through, at whatever cost, to a successful +issue. + + SIR EDWARD CARSON, _British Attorney-General._ + _Statement on first twelve months of war._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_L'AVENIR_ + + +The only peace which the republic can accept is that which guarantees +the security of Europe and which will permit us to breathe and to live +and to work to reconstruct our dismembered country and repair our ruins, +a peace which will effectively protect us against any offensive return +of the Germanic ambitions. + +The present generations are accountable for France to posterity. They +will not permit the profanation of the trust which their ancestors +confided to their charge. France is determined to conquer; she will +conquer. + + _President of the French Republic. + From speech on the conclusion of the + first year of war._ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_ORANJE BOVEN_ + + _German Oculist, trying on spectacles:_ + "_What do you read now?_" + _Dutchman: "Deutschland über Alles."_ + _German Oculist: "That is right: that pair exactly suits you."_ + + _"Oranje Boven" is the Dutch cry which answers to the German + "Deutschland über Alles."_ + + +The cartoons reproduced upon the opposite and following pages are +selected examples of the series drawn for and published in "The +Amsterdam Telegraaf," at the time when Holland was invaded by an army of +spies and secret agents who carried on a vast system of pro-German +propaganda. These cartoons represent Raemaekers' reply. + +It was during the publication of these pictures that a price was set +upon his head by the German Government, and he was charged by the Dutch +Government, at the instance of the representatives of the Central Powers +with "endangering the neutrality of Holland," a form of persecution +which had an effect quite opposite to that intended, as it resulted only +in drawing the attention of the Allies and other Neutrals to the power +and significance of Raemaekers' cartoons, which was followed by a much +wider distribution of his work. + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE ENVOY TO HER MAJESTY_ + +"_Madam, your soldiers will get splendid Prussian uniforms and Your +Majesty will have a place of honour in the retinue of the Kaiser_" + +[Illustration] + + + + +_BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION_ + +_The Driver: "You are a worthy Dutchman. He who lies in that grave was a +foolish idealist"_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE DUTCH JUNKERS_ + +"_At least we shall get posts as gamekeepers when Germany takes us after +the war_" + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE EAGLE IN THE HEN RUN_ + +_German Eagle: "Come along, Dutch chicken, we will easily arrange an +agreement."_ + +_The Dutch chicken: "Yes, in your stomach."_ + +[Illustration] + + + + +_OUR CANDID FRIEND_ + +"_I shall have to swallow you up if only to prevent those English taking +your Colonies_" + +[Illustration] + + + + +_THE FREE SEA_ + +_Germany's idea of what it would make of it for Holland_ + +[Illustration] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the +War, Volume 1, by Louis Raemaekers + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY, VOL 1 *** + +***** This file should be named 34031-8.txt or 34031-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/0/3/34031/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Anne Storer and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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