initial commit of ebook 34031HEAD main

author: Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> 2025-10-14 20:00:43 -0700
committer: Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> 2025-10-14 20:00:43 -0700
commit: f019021319a0988152fead76f23281e6ed5dd325 (patch)
tree: aa2e225fd991e4fa2a3ccd3696ff3372ae53f8d6 /34031-h
108 files changed, 4549 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/34031-h/34031-h.htm b/34031-h/34031-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea177b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/34031-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,4549 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Raemaekers Cartoon History of the War, compiled by J Murray Allison.
+    </title>
+
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+/*<![CDATA[*/
+
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+    hr { width: 33%;
+	 margin-top: 2em;
+	 margin-bottom: 2em;
+         margin-left: auto;
+         margin-right: auto;
+         clear: both;
+       }
+
+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+
+    body{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+
+    .pagenum  { visibility: hidden;
+                position: absolute;
+                left: 92%;
+                font-size: smaller;
+                text-align: right;
+              } /* page numbers */
+
+     .box { width: 600px;
+           margin: 0 auto;
+           text-align: center;
+           padding: 2em;
+           border-style: solid; }
+
+    .box1 { width: 600px;
+           margin: 0 auto;
+           text-align: center;
+           padding: 1em;
+           border-style: none; }
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+    .u        {text-decoration: underline;}
+     a        { text-decoration: none; }
+
+    .caption  {font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+    .figcenter   {margin: auto; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figleft     {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top:
+                 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figright    {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;
+                 margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+  /*]]>*/
+
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War,
+Volume 1, by Louis Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War, Volume 1
+       The First Twelve Months of War
+
+Author: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Editor: J. Murray Allison
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: October 4, 2010 [EBook #34031]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY, VOL 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Anne Storer and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 411px;">
+<img src="images/i_cover.jpg" width="411" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h3>
+RAEMAEKERS&#8217;<br />
+CARTOON<br />
+HISTORY OF THE WAR
+</h3>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 385px;">
+<img src="images/i_003.jpg" width="385" height="600" alt="Louis Raemaekers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="box">
+
+
+<h1>RAEMAEKERS&#8217;</h1>
+<h2><span style="margin-top: -.7em;">CARTOON</span></h2>
+<h2><span style="margin-top: -.7em;">HISTORY OF THE WAR</span></h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: .8em;">COMPILED BY</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: 1.3em;">J. MURRAY ALLISON</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: .8em;">Editor of <em>Raemaekers&#8217; Cartoons</em>, <em>Kultur in Cartoons</em>,</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: .8em;"><em>The Century Edition de Luxe Raemaekers&#8217; Cartoons</em>, <em>etc.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 1.3em;">VOLUME ONE</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: .8em;">THE FIRST TWELVE MONTHS OF WAR</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/i_004.jpg" width="100" height="97" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em;">NEW YORK<br />
+THE CENTURY CO.<br />
+1918</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p class="center"><strong>Copyright, 1918, by</strong><br />
+<span class="smcap"><strong>The Century Co.</strong></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="box1">
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3>FOREWORD</h3>
+
+
+<p>In all the welter of the tragic upheaval which is shattering
+institutions once thought immutable, condemning millions to physical
+death and awakening other millions to spiritual life, making staggering
+discoveries of unexpected human strength or weakness,
+thrusting men into fame one day or to oblivion the next, there has
+been nothing more dramatic than the sudden manifestation of the
+genius of the Dutchman, Louis Raemaekers, who, as Europe recoiled
+from the first shock of German barbarity, threw down his
+brush for his pencil and by the intensity of his spirit aroused the
+compassion and fired the anger of the world with his cartoons of the
+Belgian violation.</p>
+
+<p>He, more than any other individual, has made intensely clear to
+the people the single issue upon which the war is joined. More
+than cartoonist, he is teacher and preacher, with the vision, faith,
+and intensity of a St. Francis, a Luther, or a Joan of Arc.</p>
+
+<p>On August 1, 1914, we find him a quiet, gentle man, the son
+of a country editor, happy in his family, devout, contemplative,
+loving beauty and peace, contentedly painting the good and lovely
+things he saw among the tulip-fields and waterways, the cattle and
+the wind-mills of his own native Holland before the gray-clad
+millions of the Kaiser burst into the low countries with fire and
+sword.</p>
+
+<p>Then comes the miracle of his transformation; the idyllic is
+thrust aside by the hideous reality; beauty is drowned in a bestial
+orgy of force; and in place of the passive painter arises the fiery
+preacher; the brush is discarded for the pencil, and the pencil in
+his hands becomes an avenging sword, because by it millions of
+people have been aroused to a clear-cut realization of the fact that
+the issue of this war is no less than Slavery and Autocracy versus
+Freedom and Democracy.</p>
+
+<p>The very first of his war cartoons indicated the prophetic vision
+of the man, and gave the first evidence of his inspiration and
+genius. It is called &ldquo;Christendom after Twenty Centuries&rdquo; and
+shows a bowed and weeping figure crouching under the sword
+and lash. It was drawn on that fateful day August 1st, 1914.
+The intensity of emotion shown in this drawing revealed his power
+for the first time. To Raemaekers himself it came as a vision and
+a summons. The landscape painter disappeared, and in his place
+arose a champion of civilization, throbbing with sublime rage and
+pity, clothed with authority, and invested with a weapon more powerful
+than the ruthlessness it indicts.</p>
+
+<p>When the stories of the Belgian horror began to circulate in Holland,
+Raemaekers, like the rest of the humane world, refused to
+credit them. His own mother was German; he had spent many
+happy years in Germany; he knew the German peasant as a kindly
+and happy, if rather stupid fellow; it was incredible that such men
+could have done the awful things alleged. But the tales persisted,
+and although the evidence of the wracked and broken refugees who
+poured into his country by tens of thousands seemed irrefutable,
+he could not believe it, and readily seized upon the common supposition
+that the terrible stories were the product of the imagination
+of an overwrought and panic-stricken people. At length he could
+remain in doubt no longer, and quietly slipped over the frontier to
+verify for himself the truth or falsehood of the accusations that had
+already made Germany guilty of the foulest crimes ever perpetrated
+in the name of war since the dawn of civilization.</p>
+
+<p>What he actually saw with his own eyes he does not tell. But
+a hundred of his early cartoons bear witness to the burning impression
+made upon his soul. Raemaekers, like others who have
+seen them, cannot speak of these unnamable horrors, but can only
+express his consuming pity or his white-hot rage in the medium
+that lies nearest his hand. On one occasion only has he publicly
+referred to his experiences in Belgium. It was at a dinner given
+him by the artists and literary men of London at the Savage Club,
+where, pointing to the portraits and trophies of Peary, Scott, Nansen,
+Shackleton, and other explorers which hang on the walls, he
+said: &ldquo;I, too, have been an explorer, Gentlemen. I have explored
+a hell, and it was terror unspeakable.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>It did not take long for the High Command in Berlin to learn
+through its agents in Holland of the impression that was being
+created in the public mind by Raemaekers&#8217; cartoons. The publication
+of his first series of cartoons in the <em>Amsterdam Telegraaf</em>,
+reflecting the unspeakable horror of the atrocities in Belgium and
+denouncing with burning scorn the Kaiser and his infamous captains,
+gave such offense to the &ldquo;All-Highest&rdquo; in Potsdam that the
+German Government offered twelve thousand guilders for his
+body dead or alive! Further magnificent testimony to the hurt
+he inflicted on our common adversaries lies in the fact that the
+German Government, not content with offering a reward for his
+body, induced the Dutch Government to prosecute him for endangering
+the neutrality of Holland! He was actually tried on this
+charge, but although he had not spared the burghers and junkers
+of his own country for what he considered their criminal laxity
+in the matter of preparedness and their greed in aiding Germany
+by the smuggling of foodstuffs, etc., across the frontier, the jury
+acquitted him and the court tacitly confirmed his right to express
+his opinions.</p>
+
+<p>It was after this that the <em>Cologne Gazette</em> in an editorial addressed
+to the Dutch people, obviously seeking to intimidate what
+its government could not suppress, said: &ldquo;After the war Germany
+will settle accounts with Holland, and for each calumny, for
+each cartoon of Raemaekers, she will demand payment with the interest
+that is her due.&rdquo; German wrath followed him further. His
+life was constantly endangered at the hands of German agents
+infesting Holland, and he had to be always on his guard, especially
+during his periodical excursions into Belgian territory occupied
+by the enemy. Even before he crossed to England, his wife
+received anonymous letters warning her that any ship he might
+sail on would surely be torpedoed.</p>
+
+<p>As late as November, 1916, an exhibition of his cartoons in
+Madrid was forbidden by the Spanish Government upon the insistence
+of the German embassy in that capital.</p>
+
+<p>It is significant to note that these attempted persecutions had an
+effect directly opposite to that intended. They not only failed to
+stop the publication of his cartoons but were largely instrumental
+in drawing the attention of the Allies and neutrals to the great
+champion that had arisen.</p>
+
+<p>For eighteen months his cartoons had been appearing in the
+Amsterdam <em>Telegraaf</em> without exciting a more than mild interest
+outside Holland.</p>
+
+<p>American and British war-correspondents returning to London
+from Amsterdam talked enthusiastically of the &ldquo;Great Raemaekers&rdquo;
+and a few stray cartoons appeared in the press of London and
+Paris. But he was practically unknown outside of Holland until
+Christmas week in December, 1915, a year and a half after his
+first war-cartoon had appeared.</p>
+
+<p>A two-line advertisement announced his arrival in the British
+metropolis. &ldquo;Exhibition of war-cartoons by Raemaekers, Fine
+Arts Galleries, Bond Street, admission one shilling,&rdquo; was all it said.
+While Londoners are generally interested in new artists, Raemaekers
+appeared at an inopportune time. For one thing, the public
+had been rather surfeited with war-literature and war-pictures and
+the work of an unknown foreign artist was scarcely likely to attract
+them, and for another, it was within a few days of Christmas,
+everybody was leaving London, and those who remained in town
+were bent on giving the troops and the war-sufferers as merry a
+time as possible.</p>
+
+<p>It was quite by chance that the art critic of the <em>London Times</em>
+visited the Bond Street Galleries a day or so before Christmas, and
+Raemaekers&#8217; world-wide fame as it exists to-day may be said to
+date from the day that the <em>Times</em> in a two-column notice said,
+among other things, &ldquo;this neutral is the only genius produced by
+the war.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The campaign of publicity launched by the <em>Times</em> was taken
+up by the British and French press. The public flocked to view,
+and were stunned as they had never been before by the damning
+record. The cumulative effect of such pictures as &ldquo;The Shields of
+Rosselaere,&rdquo; showing men, women, and children forced to march
+in front of the German armies, &ldquo;Men to the right, women to the
+left,&rdquo; in which women and children are being beaten with the butts
+of rifles; &ldquo;The Exodus from Antwerp,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Mothers of Belgium,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;The Widows of Belgium,&rdquo; and others which revealed unimaginable
+depths of human agony, impressed the London crowd
+as by a solemn ritual. They saw with a vividness hitherto unapproached
+the hideousness of the war, the unequivocal brutality of
+the German method, and the naked, insatiable greed in the German
+purpose. Not now could the timidest soul believe that Germany
+was fighting a war of defense. Here was the fact inescapable that
+civilization itself was threatened; here was the whole carnival of
+lust and conquest as mercilessly depicted on the faces of its agents
+as they themselves had trampled onward to their shocking goal.</p>
+
+<p>The exhibition was crowded daily for twenty weeks. From
+nine in the morning till six at night the galleries were packed with
+people of every grade of society. It is not too much to say that
+no oration, no literature, no art had brought the real meaning of the
+war home so convincingly to Londoners as these cartoons. Parents
+who had already given their sons, wives who had given husbands,
+were strengthened in their resignation and comforted in their sorrow;
+those who yet had the sacrifice to make were fortified in
+their resolve. As I have said, the cumulative effect of these hundred
+and fifty cartoons on the emotions of a people just awakening
+to and suffering from the desperate realities of the war was almost
+overwhelming, and many a man and woman quivered and cried
+under this pitiless revelation of the stupendous suffering that had
+been and was yet to be.</p>
+
+<p>The exhibition was carried from London to the principal English
+and Scottish cities, and thence to Paris. Everywhere the
+story was the same. Crowds flocked to see and heed the artist&#8217;s
+fiery records; statesmen, soldiers, artists did him honor. In London
+he was received by the Prime Minister and the artistic and
+learned societies; in Paris he was made a Chevalier of the Legion
+of Honor and given a reception at the Sorbonne&mdash;the highest
+purely intellectual honor that can be bestowed upon any man.
+France, equally with England, acclaimed him as the new champion
+of humanity. In the provincial cities of England, as in
+London, crowds thronged the galleries daily for weeks at a time.
+In Liverpool alone five thousand persons visited the exhibition in
+one afternoon; Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow, Edinburgh
+told the same story of the people being aroused and inspirited
+as though a new evangel had come to tell them that their
+cause was sacred and their sacrifice not vain.</p>
+
+<p>In a few months his genius was universally recognized and his
+position as the supreme cartoonist of the war firmly established.
+And now that he had the appreciation and the scope that were his
+due, he threw himself into his work with even greater ardor. He
+made recruiting posters for the army and navy; he depicted the
+shortage of shells and called on men and women to man the munition
+factories; he contributed posters to stimulate thrift and industry
+and contributions to the Government funds; he worked for
+both the British and the French Red Cross, and for private and
+public charities innumerable; his pen never flagged. While the
+wrongs of Belgium had been the first incentive to his genius, he
+now dealt with the war in all its later phases, and found subjects
+wherever the blight of Kaiserism traveled&mdash;in France, Russia,
+Serbia, Rumania, Italy, and the Far East; and in the Zeppelin
+raids, the Armenian massacres, the Belgian and French deportations,
+the Red Cross outrages, and the submarine infamies.</p>
+
+<p>As a mere material record of industry, Raemaekers&#8217; is probably
+unique in the world&#8217;s history. Since the beginning of the war he
+has drawn nearly 1000 cartoons. There is not a single phase
+of the war,&mdash;military, naval, or political,&mdash;that has not formed a
+basis for his artistic comment. Some three hundred of the cartoons
+have been reproduced in facsimile form, and in that state
+have been exhibited in hundreds of cities throughout the world.</p>
+
+<p>In book form his work exists already in a dozen editions, from
+the sumptuous edition-de-luxe at one hundred dollars to the popular
+(British) edition at four cents.</p>
+
+<p>Post-card editions of the cartoons run into many millions; his
+cartoons have been filmed, exist as lantern-slides, and leading
+actors and actresses have reproduced them in the form of tableaux.
+But it is in the world&#8217;s press that the greatest distribution has taken
+place. He is cartoonist to half a hundred newspapers, and literally
+thousands of different publications have reproduced his
+pictures at one time or another. He has been translated into a
+score of languages, the writer having seen one edition in Basque
+and another in Arabic. In the United States alone his cartoons
+in one year have reached a newspaper circulation of over 300,000,000,
+and exhibitions have been held in over one hundred of
+the leading cities.</p>
+
+<p>And all this gigantic distribution has grown during the two years
+that have passed since his cartoons were first exhibited in London.
+It is a record that has never yet been equalled. What is the secret
+of this man&#8217;s appeal to men and women in all stations of life, to
+people of every creed and nationality? In Europe nearly all, and
+in America a great many, of the leading writers and thinkers have
+acclaimed the genius of Raemaekers, but none have been able to
+tell us why it is that his pictures appeal with equal intensity to the
+Briton, the Latin, the Slav, and the American. A writer in the
+<em>Boston Transcript</em> perhaps comes nearest to the truth. He says:
+&ldquo;The mantle of Dante has fallen upon Raemaekers; he leads the
+conscience of the world to-day through an inferno of wrong.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>This world-wide recognition is conclusive testimony to the universality
+of his genius. Raemaekers appeals to all mankind.
+The value of his contribution to the cause of civilization in this
+war lies in the fact that he has seen and depicted with the directness
+and clarity of genius the truth that the issue is joined between the
+forces of evil and good. For him there are no other considerations,
+no qualifications, no compromises. He has but one enemy, and
+that is the destroyer of peace and civilization; he has but one hero,
+and that is the defender of them. He sees in war itself no pomp
+and glitter, but only the burning village, the devastated home, the
+agonized women and children, and the brave and faithful dead.
+He depicts militarism as hideous, brutal, coarse, and cunning.
+His one thought seems to be that those things which all kindly and
+gentle men and women hold dear and sacred are being trampled
+upon and threatened by a monstrous wrong; and that the ideals of
+justice, order, and human liberty which have been established in
+the conscience of humanity after centuries of painful struggle are
+in danger of annihilation. In thus narrowing the issue, in thus
+resolving all doubt, he has, in the words of Theodore Roosevelt,
+&ldquo;rendered the most powerful of the honorable contributions by neutrals
+to the cause of civilization.&rdquo; Raemaekers&#8217; name and work
+will live long after many of the men and their achievements in this
+war have faded from the general mind. Future generations will
+look at his cartoons and will find in them at once the cause and
+the justification of the rising of the world&#8217;s free peoples to give
+their lives for freedom and the safety of democracy.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The historical value of the cartoons have frequently been insisted
+upon by critics and reviewers and I have been urged to publish
+them in the form of a cartoon History of the War. The present
+attempt is the outcome of these suggestions.</p>
+
+<p>It has not been possible to adhere to any very definite method
+of arrangement. Many of the cartoons were drawn long after the
+events with which they deal took place, as, for instance, the Wittenberg
+pictures. The typhus outbreak amongst the prisoners at
+Wittenberg happened in December, 1914, but the facts were not
+made public until May, 1916. On the other hand, the cartoon
+depicting Count von Bernstorff&#8217;s dismissal from Washington was
+published two years before he was handed his passports. It was
+a cartoon based upon the activities of Dumba. A great number
+of cartoons, particularly those published during the early months
+of the war, have no direct historical significance. The Belgian
+cartoons constitute a general indictment of the German method of
+warfare, while the Nurse Cavell drawings (Vol. II.) represent a
+specific comment upon an actual example of that method.
+The letterpress has been compiled mainly from official <em>communiques</em>
+and reports, and from the speeches and public statements
+of the leading men of the belligerents and some of the neutrals. I
+have also quoted freely from newspapers, magazines, and books,
+and whenever possible I have made acknowledgment of these
+sources. My object has been not to explain the cartoons, but to
+show their great value as historical documents and to make sure,
+so far as is possible, that the basis of truth upon which they rest
+shall not be forgotten.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;"><span class="smcap">J. Murray Allison.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;"><span class="smcap">New York</span>, Christmas Day, 1917.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h3>NOTE ON THE BELGIAN CARTOONS</h3>
+
+
+<p>The cartoons which appear on the following pages up to and
+including <a href="#Page_86">page 86</a> call for special reference.</p>
+
+<p>They represent Raemaekers&#8217; impression of the behaviour of the
+German troops in Belgium during the first weeks of the invasion.
+The great majority of them were drawn long before any Official
+Reports were published, and not, as would seem natural, as illustrations
+of the Reports which were eventually published by the
+Belgian, French, and British Governments. The cartoon on page 86
+was drawn after the publication of the British Government&#8217;s
+Official Report. It is important to realise this. It is also necessary
+to remember that the German atrocities began actually at the
+moment that the German troops crossed the frontier on the evening
+of August 3rd and continued in unabated violence until the defeat
+at the Marne.</p>
+
+<p>After the retreat of the Germans from Paris the German General
+Staff appear to have altered its cold-blooded policy in Belgium
+and France. From that moment, when the carefully prepared
+blow at the heart of France had failed and when the possibility of
+defeat began to dawn upon the Potsdam mind, organised robbery,
+murder, arson and rape were discontinued or at least toned down
+as a feature of German warfare. Whilst that method&mdash;the Official
+Reports of the Allied Governments&#8217; Commissions of Enquiry
+prove conclusively it was a method&mdash;continued, Raemaekers concentrated
+his pencil upon it and neglected the strictly military and
+political happenings. That is why I have grouped the Belgian
+cartoons at the beginning of this volume. They do really represent
+the first phase of the war. With regard to the extracts that
+I have selected to face the Belgian cartoons I would ask the reader
+to remember that they have been taken largely from Official Reports
+issued after the drawings were published. Raemaekers&#8217; pictorial
+indictment came first. He was justified later by the sworn
+evidence of eye-witnesses.</p>
+
+<p>I think perhaps that it is necessary to make these observations
+in case the letterpress facing the Belgian cartoons should not in
+many cases be considered quite apt.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">J. M. A.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>CHRISTENDOM AFTER<br />
+TWENTY CENTURIES</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p>Raemaekers&#8217; first war cartoon, originally
+published on the first of August, 1914.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 359px;">
+<img src="images/i_018.jpg" width="359" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE HARVEST IS RIPE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On the evening of August 3 the German troops
+cross the frontier. The storm burst so suddenly
+that neither party had time to adjust its mind
+to the situation. The Germans seem to have expected
+an easy passage. The Belgian population,
+never dreaming of an attack, were startled and
+stupefied.</p>
+
+<p>From the very beginning of the operations the
+civilian population of the villages lying upon the
+line of the German advance were made to experience
+the extreme horrors of war. &ldquo;On the 4th of
+August,&rdquo; says one witness, &ldquo;at Herve I saw at
+about 2 o&#8217;clock in the afternoon, near the station,
+five Uhlans; these were the first German troops I
+had seen. They were followed by a German officer
+and some soldiers in a motor car. The men in the
+car called out to a couple of young fellows who were
+standing about thirty yards away. The young men,
+being afraid, ran off and then the Germans fired
+and killed one of them named D.&rdquo; The murder of
+this innocent fugitive civilian was a prelude to the
+burning and pillage of Herve and of other villages
+in the neighborhood, to the indiscriminate shooting
+of civilians of both sexes, and to the organized military
+execution of batches of selected males.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<em>British Government Committee&#8217;s Report.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 404px;">
+<img src="images/i_020.jpg" width="404" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>I CRUSH WHATEVER RESISTS ME</em></h2>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The wrong&mdash;I speak openly&mdash;that we are committing
+we will endeavor to make good as
+soon as our military goal has been reached. Anybody
+who is threatened as we are threatened, and
+is fighting for his highest possessions, can have
+only one thought&mdash;how is he to hack his way
+through.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: .7em;"><em>Reichstag, August 4, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>With a clear conscience Germany goes to the
+battlefield.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20.4em;">
+<span class="smcap">The Kaiser</span>, <em>August, 1914.</em></p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 384px;">
+<img src="images/i_022.jpg" width="384" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>THIS IS HOW I DEAL WITH SMALL FRY</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+
+<p>We are now in a state of necessity, and necessity
+knows no law. Our troops have occupied
+Luxemburg and perhaps are already on
+Belgian soil. <em>Gentlemen, that is contrary to the
+dictates of international law.</em> It is true that the
+French Government has declared at Brussels that
+France is willing to respect the neutrality of Belgium,
+so long as her opponent respects it. We
+knew, however, that France stood ready for invasion.
+France could wait, but we could not wait. A
+French movement upon our flank upon the lower
+Rhine might have been disastrous. So we were
+compelled to override the just protest of the Luxemburg
+and Belgian Governments.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -2.2em;"><em>Reichstag, Berlin, 4th August, &#8217;14.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 436px;">
+<img src="images/i_024.jpg" width="436" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>GOTT MITT UNS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Remember that the German people are the
+chosen of God. On me, the German Emperor,
+the spirit of God has descended. I am His
+sword, His weapon and His vicegerent. Woe to
+the disobedient and death to cowards and unbelievers.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17.2em;">
+<em>From</em> <span class="smcap">The Kaiser&#8217;s</span> <em>speech to his</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><em>soldiers on the way to the front.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 574px;">
+<img src="images/i_026.jpg" width="574" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>SATAN&#8217;S PARTNER</em></h2>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">
+<em>Bernhardi</em>: &ldquo;<em>War is as divine as eating and drinking</em>&rdquo;<br />
+<em>Satan</em>: &ldquo;<em>Here is a partner for me</em>&rdquo;
+</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>The inevitableness, the idealism, the blessing
+of war as an indispensable and stimulating
+law of development must be repeatedly emphasized.</p>
+
+<p>... War is the greatest factor in the furtherance
+of culture and power. Efforts to secure peace are
+extraordinarily detrimental as soon as they influence
+politics.</p>
+
+<p>... Efforts directed toward the abolition of war
+are not only foolish, but absolutely immoral, and
+must be stigmatized as unworthy of the human race.</p>
+
+<p>... In fact, the State is a law unto itself. Weak
+nations have not the same right to live as powerful
+and vigorous nations.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17em;">
+&ldquo;<em>Germany and the Next War.</em>&rdquo; 1911.<br />
+<span class="smcap" style="margin-left: 5.1em;">Gen. von Bernhardi.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 379px;">
+<img src="images/i_028.jpg" width="379" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>MON FILS. BELGIUM, 1914</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">
+&ldquo;<em>Ah! was your boy among the twelve this<br />
+morning? Then you&#8217;ll find him<br />
+among this lot</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>When the German cavalry occupied the village
+of Linsmeau not a man of the civilian
+population took part in the fighting. Nevertheless
+the village was invaded at dusk on August
+10 and all the male inhabitants were compelled to
+come forward and hand over whatever arms they
+possessed. No recently discharged firearms were
+found. The invaders divided these peasants in
+three groups, those in one were bound, and 11 of
+them placed in a ditch, where they were afterwards
+found dead.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span class="smcap">Belgian Gov. Commission&#8217;s Report.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 461px;">
+<img src="images/i_030.jpg" width="461" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE SHIELDS OF R&Ouml;SSELAERE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In a caf&eacute;, lower down, near the canal, I saw a
+number of German soldiers, and was successful
+in having a chat with the inn-keeper, at the farthest
+corner of the bar. I asked, of course, what they
+meant by burning the village, and he told me that
+the Germans had made a number of successful attacks
+on Fort Pontisse, until at last they had reduced
+it to silence. They were now so near that
+they could open the final assault. They were
+afraid, however, of some ambush, or underground
+mine, and the Friday before they had collected the
+population, whom they forced to march in front of
+them. When they had got quite near they dared
+not enter it yet, and drove the priest and twelve of
+the principal villagers before them.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18.5em;">
+&ldquo;<em>The German Fury in Belgium</em>,&rdquo;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">By</span> <span class="smcap">L. Mokveld.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 447px;">
+<img src="images/i_032.jpg" width="447" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>THEY SHOT HER AS A FRANC-TIREUR</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>We ourselves regret deeply that during these
+fights the town of Loewen has been destroyed
+to a great extent. Needless to say that these consequences
+are not intentional on our part, but cannot
+be avoided in this infamous franc-tireur war being
+led against us.</p>
+
+<p>Whoever knows the good-natured character of our
+troops cannot seriously pretend that they are inclined
+to needless or frivolous destruction.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20.5em;">
+<span class="smcap">German General Staff.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.4em;"><em>Berlin, August, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 428px;">
+<img src="images/i_034.jpg" width="428" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>AERSCHOT AND AFTERWARDS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The German troops penetrated into Aerschot, a
+town of 8,000 inhabitants, on Wednesday,
+Aug. 19, in the morning. No Belgian forces remained
+behind. No sooner did the Germans enter
+the town than they shot five or six inhabitants whom
+they caused to leave their houses. In the evening,
+pretending that a superior German officer had been
+killed on the Grand Place by the son of the Burgomaster,
+or, according to another version of the story,
+that a conspiracy had been hatched against the superior
+commandant by the Burgomaster and his
+family, the Germans took every man who was inside
+of Aerschot; they led them, fifty at a time, some distance
+from the town, grouped them in lines of four
+men, and, making them run ahead of them, shot
+them and killed them afterward with their bayonets.
+More than forty men were found thus massacred.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span class="smcap">Belgian Gov. Commission&#8217;s Report.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/i_036.jpg" width="600" height="417" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>BERNHARDISM</em>:</h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>It&#8217;s all right. If I hadn&#8217;t done it someone
+else might</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+
+<p>As regards private property, respect among German
+troops simply does not exist. By the
+universal testimony of every British officer and soldier
+I have interrogated the progress of the German
+troops is like a plague of locusts over the land.
+What they can not carry off they destroy. Furniture
+is thrown into the street, pictures are riddled
+with bullets and pierced by sword cuts, municipal
+registers burnt, the contents of shops scattered on the
+floor, drawers rifled, live stock slaughtered and carcasses
+left to rot in the fields. Cases of petty larceny
+by German soldiers appear to be innumerable;
+they take whatever seizes their fancy, and leave the
+towns they evacuate laden like pedlars. Empty
+ammunition wagons were drawn up in front of private
+houses and filled with their contents for despatch
+to Germany.</p>
+
+<p>I have had the reports of local commissions of
+police placed before me, and they show that in
+smaller villages like those of Caestre and Merris,
+with a population of about 1,500 souls or less, pillaging
+to the extent of &pound;4,000 and &pound;6,000 was committed
+by the German troops.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15.3em;">
+<span class="smcap">Professor J. H. Morgan</span> <em>in &ldquo;German</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.7em;"><em>Atrocities,&rdquo; an Official Investigation.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 431px;">
+<img src="images/i_038.jpg" width="431" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>FROM LIEGE<br />
+TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE</em></h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 488px;">
+<img src="images/i_040.jpg" width="488" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>They sang, shouted and waved their arms.
+Most of them carried bottles full of liquor,
+which they put into their mouths frequently, smashed
+them on the ground, or handed them to their comrades,
+when unable to drink any more themselves.
+Each of a troop of cavalry had a bottle of pickles,
+and enjoyed them immensely.</p>
+
+<p>Other soldiers kept on running into the burning
+houses, carrying out vases, pictures, plate, or
+small pieces of furniture. They smashed everything
+on the cobbles and then returned to wreck
+more things that would have been destroyed by the
+fire all the same. It was a revelry of drunken vandalism.
+They seemed mad, and even risking being
+burned alive at this work of destruction. Most of
+the officers were also tipsy; not one of them was
+saluted by the soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 18em;">&ldquo;<em>The German Fury in Belgium</em>,&rdquo;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">By</span> <span class="smcap">L. Mokveld</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 471px;">
+<img src="images/i_042.jpg" width="471" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>SEDUCTION</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Ain&#8217;t I a lovable fellow?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>There is very strong reason to suspect that
+young girls were carried off to the trenches
+by licentious German soldiery, and there abused by
+hordes of savage and licentious men. People in
+hiding in the cellars of houses have heard the voices
+of women in the hands of German soldiers crying
+all night long until death or stupor ended their
+agonies. One of our officers, a subaltern in the
+sappers, heard a woman&#8217;s shrieks in the night coming
+from the German trenches near Richebourg
+l&#8217;Avoue; when we advanced in the morning and
+drove the Germans out, a girl was found lying naked
+on the ground &ldquo;pegged out&rdquo; in the form of a crucifix.
+I need not go on with this chapter of horrors.
+To the end of time it will be remembered, and from
+one generation to another, in the plains of Flanders,
+in the Valleys of the Vosges, and on the rolling
+fields of the Marne, the oral tradition of men will
+perpetuate this story of infamy and wrong.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span class="smcap">Professor J. H. Morgan</span> <em>in &ldquo;German</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><em>Atrocities,&rdquo; an Official Investigation</em>.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 475px;">
+<img src="images/i_044.jpg" width="475" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE HOSTAGES</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Father, what have we done?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The municipal Government of Li&egrave;ge remind
+their fellow citizens, and all staying within
+the city, that international law most strictly forbids
+civilians to commit hostilities against the German
+soldiers occupying the country.</p>
+
+<p>Every attack on German troops by others than
+the military in uniform not only exposes those who
+may be guilty to be shot summarily, but will also
+bring terrible consequences on the leading citizens
+of Li&egrave;ge now detained in the citadel as hostages by
+the commander of the German troops.</p>
+
+<p>We beseech all residents of the municipality to
+guard the highest interests of all the inhabitants and
+of those who are hostages of the German Army,
+and not to commit any assault on the soldiers of this
+army.</p>
+
+<p>We remind the citizens that by order of General
+commanding the German troops, those who have
+arms in their possession must deliver them immediately
+to the authorities at the Provincial Palace
+under the penalty of being shot.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<em>The Acting Burgomaster</em>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.7em;" class="smcap">V. Henault.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.7em;"><em>Li&egrave;ge, August 8th.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/i_046.jpg" width="450" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>HUSBANDS AND FATHERS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Thousands of Belgian citizens have in like
+manner been deported to the prisons of Germany
+to Munsterlagen, to Celle, to Magdeburg. At
+Munsterlagen alone, 3,100 civil prisoners were
+numbered. History will tell of the physical and
+moral torments of their long martyrdom.</p>
+
+<p>Hundreds of innocent men were shot. I possess
+no complete necrology; but I know there were
+ninety-one shot at Aerschot and that there, under
+pain of death, their fellow-citizens were compelled
+to dig their graves. In the Louvain group of communes
+176 persons, men and women, old men and
+sucklings, rich and poor, in health and sickness,
+were shot or burned.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17em;">
+<span class="smcap">Cardinal Mercier</span>, <em>Archbishop<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">of Malines, Belgium.</span></em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 463px;">
+<img src="images/i_048.jpg" width="463" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>IT&#8217;S FATTENING WORK</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In Hofstade a number of houses had been set on
+fire and many corpses were seen, some in houses,
+some in back yards, and some in the streets.</p>
+
+<p>Several examples are given below.</p>
+
+<p>Two witnesses speak to having seen the body of a
+young man pierced by bayonet thrusts with the
+wrists cut also.</p>
+
+<p>On a side road the corpse of a civilian was seen
+on his doorstep with a bayonet wound in his stomach,
+and by his side the dead body of a boy of 5 or 6
+with his hands nearly severed.</p>
+
+<p>The corpses of a woman and boy were seen at
+the blacksmith&#8217;s. They had been killed with the
+bayonet.</p>
+
+<p>In a caf&eacute; a young man, also killed with the
+bayonet, was holding his hands together as if in the
+attitude of supplication.</p>
+
+<p>Two young women were lying in the back yard of
+the house. One had her breasts cut off, the other
+had been stabbed.</p>
+
+<p>A young man had been hacked with the bayonet
+until his entrails protruded. He also had his hands
+joined in the attitude of prayer.</p>
+
+<p>In the garden of a house in the main street bodies
+of two women were observed, and in another house
+the body of a boy of 16 with two bayonet wounds in
+the chest.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>British Government Committee&#8217;s Report.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 390px;">
+<img src="images/i_050.jpg" width="390" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>KULTUR HAS PASSED HERE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>It is nothing but fanaticism to expect very much
+from humanity when it has forgotten how to
+wage war. For the present we know of no other
+means whereby the rough energy of the camp, the
+deep impersonal hatred, the cold-bloodedness of
+murder with a good conscience, the general ardour
+of the system in the destruction of the enemy ...
+can be as forcibly and certainly communicated to
+enervated nations as is done by every great war.
+<em>Kultur can by no means dispense with passions,
+vices and malignities.</em></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Friedrich Nietzsche.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 518px;">
+<img src="images/i_052.jpg" width="518" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>PEACE REIGNS AT DINANT</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In short, the town of Dinant is destroyed. Of
+1,400 houses only 200 remained standing. The
+factories where the laboring population got their
+bread and butter were wrecked systematically.
+Many inhabitants were sent to Germany, where they
+are still kept as prisoners. The majority of the
+others are scattered all over Belgium. Those who
+stayed in the towns were starved.</p>
+
+<p>The Belgian Committee has a list of victims. It
+contains 700 names, and is not complete. Among
+those killed are seventy-three women, thirty-nine
+children between six months and fifteen years old.</p>
+
+<p>Dinant has 7,600 inhabitants, of whom ten per
+cent. were put to death; not a family exists which
+has not to mourn the death of some victims; many
+families have been exterminated completely.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+&ldquo;<em>The German Fury in Belgium</em>,&rdquo;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">By</span> <span class="smcap">L. Mokveld</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 463px;">
+<img src="images/i_054.jpg" width="463" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>LES BEAUT&Eacute;S DE LA GUERRE</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center"><em>Folk who do not understand them</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>It is only in war that we find the action of true
+heroism, the realization of which on earth is the
+care of militarism. That is why war appears to us,
+who are filled with militarism, as in itself a holy
+thing, as the holiest thing on earth.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 19em;">
+<span class="smcap">Prof. Werner Sombart.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>During the three months of invasion, more than
+21,000 houses had been burnt down in five alone of
+the nine provinces of Belgium, and a far greater
+number pillaged&mdash;more than 16,000, for instance,
+in the single Province of Brabant. Of the civilian
+population, between 5,000 and 6,000 men, women,
+and children had been massacred, some singly and
+some in batches, some by clean killing and some
+after lingering tortures, some in frenzy and some in
+cold blood, but all with the object of terrorization
+and with that result. Fleeing before the terror,
+many hundreds of thousands of Belgians, especially
+of the middle and upper classes, had taken refuge
+in Holland and the British Isles.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 19em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 388px;">
+<img src="images/i_056.jpg" width="388" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>DINANT</em>: &ldquo;<em>I SEE FATHER</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>An hour later the women and children were
+separated and the prisoners were brought back
+to Dinant, passing the prison on their way. Just
+outside the prison the witness saw three lines of
+bodies which he recognized as being those of neighbors.
+They were nearly all dead, but he noticed
+movement in some of them. There were about 120
+bodies. The prisoners were then taken up to the
+top of the hill outside Dinant and compelled to stay
+there till eight o&#8217;clock in the morning. On the following
+day they were put into cattle trucks and
+taken thence to Coblenz. For three months they
+remained prisoners in Germany.</p>
+
+<p>Unarmed civilians were killed in masses at other
+places near the prison. About ninety bodies were
+seen lying on the top of one another in a grass
+square opposite the convent.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<span class="smcap">British Government Committee&#8217;s Report.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 430px;">
+<img src="images/i_058.jpg" width="430" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>MATER DOLOROSA</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The inhabitants fled through the village (near
+Blamont). It was horrible. The walls of
+houses are bespattered with blood and the faces of
+the dead are hideous to look upon. They were
+buried at once, some sixty of them. Among them
+many old women, old men, and one woman pregnant&mdash;the
+whole a dreadful sight. Three children huddled
+together&mdash;all dead. Altar and arches of the
+church shattered. Telephone communication with
+the enemy was found there. This morning, Sept.
+2, all the survivors were driven out; I saw four little
+boys carrying on two poles a cradle with a child
+some five or six months old. The whole makes a
+fearful sight. Blow upon blow! Thunderbolt on
+thunderbolt! Everything given over to plunder.
+I saw a mother with her two little ones&mdash;one of them
+had a great wound in the head and an eye put out.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 10.2em;"><em>From the Diary of</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.8em;" class="smcap">Gefreiter Paul Spellman</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><em>Capt. First Brigade of Infantry Guard</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 9.5em;">(<em>Prussian Guards</em>).</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 456px;">
+<img src="images/i_060.jpg" width="456" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>IS IT YOU, MOTHER?</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>A corporal named Houston narrated that
+while he lay wounded on the ground, after
+the battle of Soissons, he saw a young English soldier
+lying near him, delirious. A German soldier
+gave the poor lad water from his flask. The young
+Englishman, his mind wandering, said, &ldquo;Is it you,
+mother?&rdquo; The German comprehended, and to
+maintain the illusion, caressed his face with a
+mother&#8217;s soft touch. The poor boy died shortly
+afterwards and the German soldier, on getting to his
+feet, was seen to be crying.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 424px;">
+<img src="images/i_062.jpg" width="424" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>MEN TO THE RIGHT, WOMEN</em><br />
+<em>TO THE LEFT</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On Sunday, August 23rd, at half past six in the
+morning, the soldiers of the 108th regiment
+of the line drove worshippers of the Premonstratensian
+Church, separated the men from the women,
+and shot about fifty of the former through the head.
+Between seven and nine o&#8217;clock there was house to
+house looting and burning by soldiers who chased
+the inhabitants into the street. Those who tried to
+escape were shot off-hand.</p>
+
+<p>At about nine o&#8217;clock the soldiers drove all who
+had been found in the houses in front of them by
+means of blows from their rifle-butts. They
+crowded them together in Place d&#8217;Armes, where
+they kept them until six o&#8217;clock in the evening.
+Their guards amused themselves by telling the men
+repeatedly that they would soon be shot.</p>
+
+<p>At six o&#8217;clock a captain separated the men from
+the women and children. The women were placed
+behind a line of infantry. The men had to stand
+alongside a wall; those in the first row were told
+to sit on their haunches, the others to remain standing
+behind them. A platoon took a stand right
+opposite the group. The women prayed in vain for
+the mercy of their husbands, their sons, and their
+brothers; the officer gave the order to fire. He had
+not made the slightest investigation, pronounced no
+sentence of any sort.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17em;">
+<em>Belgian Gov. Committee&#8217;s Report.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 443px;">
+<img src="images/i_064.jpg" width="443" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>A PITIFUL EXODUS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In many groups were to be seen old, old people,
+grandfathers and grandmothers of a family,
+and these in their shaking frailty and terror, which
+they could not withstand, were the more pitiable
+objects in the great gathering of stricken townsfolk.
+This pathetic clinging together of the family was
+one of the most affecting sights I witnessed, and I
+have not the slightest doubt that in the mad rush for
+refuge beyond the borders of their native land many
+family groups of this sort completely perished.</p>
+
+<p>All day and throughout the night these pitiful
+scenes continued, and when I went down to the
+quayside early Thursday, when the dawn was
+throwing a wan light over this part of the world, I
+found again a great host of citizens awaiting their
+chance of flight.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 19em;">
+<em>London Daily Chronicle on</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><em>The Fall of Antwerp.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><em>October 11, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 469px;">
+<img src="images/i_066.jpg" width="469" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>SYMPATHY</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>If I find you again looking so sad, I&#8217;ll
+send you to Germany after your father</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 462px;">
+<img src="images/i_068.jpg" width="462" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>WE WAGE WAR ON DIVINE</em><br />
+<em>PRINCIPLES</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The names of the priests and monks of the
+diocese of Malines, who, to my knowledge,
+were put to death by the German troops, are as
+follows: Dupierreux, of the Company of Jesus;
+Brother Sebastien Allard, of the Society of St.
+Joseph; Brother Candide, of the Society of the
+Brothers of Our Lady of Pity; Father Vincent,
+Conventual Carette, a professor; Lombaerts, Goris
+de Clerck; Dergent, Wouters, Van Bladel, <em>cur&eacute;s</em>.</p>
+
+<p>At Christmas time I was not perfectly certain
+what had been the fate of the <em>Cur&eacute;</em> of H&eacute;rent.
+Since then his dead body has been discovered at
+Louvain and identified.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>From a letter from</em> <span class="smcap">Cardinal Mercier</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: .6em;"><em>to The Kreischef of District of Malines.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 9.2em;"><em>December, 1914</em>.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>The Cathedral of Rheims has many companions
+in distress. The German army, when it invaded
+the north of France, destroyed, totally or partially,
+by bombardment or incendiarism, churches and
+chapels at Albert, Serres, Vieille-Capelle, Etavigny,
+Soissons, H&eacute;buterne, Rib&eacute;court, Suippes, Montceau,
+Barcy, Revigny, Souain, Maurupt, Berry-au-Bac,
+Mandray, Heiltz-le-Maurupt, Sermaize-les-Bains,
+Donci&egrave;res, etc.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17.3em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><em>From &ldquo;Is War Civilization?&rdquo;</em></span><br />
+<em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Prof. Christophe Nyrop</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><em>University of Copenhagen.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 403px;">
+<img src="images/i_070.jpg" width="403" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>PROSPERITY REIGNS IN<br />
+FLANDERS</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">
+<em>Four hundred and eighty millions of<br />
+francs have been imposed as a war tax<br />
+but soup is given gratis</em><br /></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center">PROCLAMATION</p>
+
+<p>A War Contribution, amounting to 480,000,000
+francs, to be paid in monthly installments
+over the course of a year, is imposed on the population
+of Belgium.</p>
+
+<p>The payment of these sums devolves upon the
+Nine Provinces, which are held collectively responsible
+for the discharge of it.</p>
+
+<p>The two first installments are to be paid up, at
+latest, on January 15, 1915, and the following installments
+on the 10th, at latest, of each following
+month, to the Field Army Treasury of the Imperial
+Governor-Generalship at Brussels.</p>
+
+<p>In case the Provinces have to resort to the issue
+of bonds in order to obtain the funds necessary, the
+form and terms of these bonds will be settled by the
+Imperial Commissary-General for the Banks in
+Belgium.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<span class="smcap">Baron von Bissing</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -3.1em;"><em>Governor-General in Belgium.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -3em;"><em>Brussels, December 10, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;">
+<img src="images/i_072.jpg" width="442" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>A FACT</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>This brutalism by Major Tille of the
+German Army on a small boy of Maastricht
+was vouched for by an eye-witness.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 429px;">
+<img src="images/i_074.jpg" width="429" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>TO YOUR HEALTH,</em><br />
+<em>CIVILIZATION!</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p class="center">CONCLUSIONS</p>
+
+<p>It is proved&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>(i.) That there were in many parts of Belgium
+deliberate and systematically organized massacres
+of the civil population, accompanied by
+many isolated murders and other outrages.</p>
+
+<p>(ii.) That in the conduct of the war generally
+innocent civilians, both men and women, were murdered
+in large numbers, women violated, and children
+murdered.</p>
+
+<p>(iii.) That looting, house burning, and the wanton
+destruction of property were ordered and countenanced
+by the officers of the German Army, that
+elaborate provision had been made for systematic incendiarism
+at the very outbreak of the war, and that
+the burnings and destruction were frequent where
+no military necessity could be alleged, being indeed
+part of a system of general terrorization.</p>
+
+<p>(iv.) That the rules and usages of war were frequently
+broken, particularly by the using of civilians,
+including women and children, as a shield for
+advancing forces exposed to fire, to a less degree by
+killing the wounded and prisoners, and in the frequent
+abuse of the Red Cross and the white flag.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>British Government Committee&#8217;s Report.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 454px;">
+<img src="images/i_076.jpg" width="454" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>A CONFLICT OF TESTIMONY</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>Sire, it&#8217;s quite easy; for every witness
+who swears we&#8217;ve murdered innocent
+people we will produce two who will
+swear they did not see it</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>All that I care to say about the Belgian charges
+is that I have officially informed the State Department
+in Washington that there is not one word
+of truth in the statements made to the President yesterday
+by the Belgian Commission.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 11em;">
+<span class="smcap">Count von Bernstorff</span>, <em>German Ambassador,</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><em>at Washington, September 17.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 503px;">
+<img src="images/i_078.jpg" width="503" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE MOTHERS OF BELGIUM</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Christian mothers, be proud of your sons.
+Of all griefs, of all our human sorrows, yours
+is perhaps the most worthy of veneration. I think
+I behold you in your affliction. Suffer us to offer
+you not only our condolence, but our congratulation.
+Not all our heroes obtain temporal honors,
+but for all we expect the immortal crown of the elect.
+For this is the virtue of a single act of perfect charity&mdash;it
+cancels a whole lifetime of sins. It transforms
+a sinful man into a saint.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 23em;">
+<span class="smcap">Cardinal Mercier</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.8em;"><em>Archbishop of Malines</em>.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 476px;">
+<img src="images/i_080.jpg" width="476" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND<br />
+&Uuml;BER ALLES</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Where are our fathers?&rdquo; Belgium, 1914</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 481px;">
+<img src="images/i_082.jpg" width="481" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM</em></h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 492px;">
+<img src="images/i_084.jpg" width="492" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>FAMINE IN BELGIUM</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In Belgium I saw this:</p>
+
+<p>Homeless men, women, and children by thousands
+and hundreds of thousands. Many of
+them had been prosperous, a few had been wealthy,
+practically all had been comfortable. Now, with
+scarcely an exception, they stood all upon one common
+plane of misery. They had lost their homes,
+their farms, their workshops, their livings, and
+their means of making livings.</p>
+
+<p>I saw them tramping aimlessly along windswept,
+rain-washed roads, fleeing from burning and
+devastated villages. I saw them sleeping in open
+fields upon the miry earth, with no cover and no
+shelter. I saw them herded together in the towns
+and cities to which many of them ultimately fled,
+existing God alone knows how. I saw them&mdash;ragged,
+furtive scarecrows&mdash;prowling in the shattered
+ruins of their homes, seeking salvage where
+there was no salvage to be found. I saw them living
+like the beasts of the field, upon such things as
+the beasts of the field would reject.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;">
+<span class="smcap">Irvin S. Cobb.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.5em;"><em>New York Times.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1.5em;"><em>December 2, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/i_086.jpg" width="600" height="437" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>BLUEBEARD&#8217;S CHAMBER</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Our function is ended when we have stated
+what the evidence establishes, but we may be
+permitted to express our belief that these disclosures
+will not have been made in vain if they touch and
+rouse the conscience of mankind, and we venture to
+hope that as soon as the present war is over the nations
+of the world in council will consider what
+means can be provided and sanctions devised to
+prevent the recurrence of such horrors as our generation
+is now witnessing.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span class="smcap">Bryce</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">F. Pollock</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Edward Clarke</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Kenelm E. Digby</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Alfred Hopkinson</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">H. A. L. Fisher</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Harold Cox</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -10em;"><em>Concluding words of the Report of the Committee
+appointed by</em><br /></span>
+<span style="margin-left: -10em;"><em>the British Government to investigate alleged German atrocities</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -10em;"><em>in Belgium.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 396px;">
+<img src="images/i_088.jpg" width="396" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE PRISONERS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In the first days of the war it was undoubtedly and
+unfortunately true that prisoners of war taken
+by the Germans, both at the time of their capture and
+in transit to the prison camps, were often badly
+treated by the soldiers, guards or the civil population.</p>
+
+<p>The instances were too numerous, the evidence too
+overwhelming, to be denied.... From him (U.S.
+Consul at Kiel) I learned that some unfortunate
+prisoners passing through the town (in a part of
+Germany inhabited by Scandinavians) had made
+signs that they were suffering from hunger and
+thirst, that some of the kind-hearted people among
+the Scandinavian population had given them something
+to eat and drink and for this they were condemned
+to fines, to prison and to have their names
+held up to the contempt of Germans for all time.</p>
+
+<p>I do not know of any one thing that can give a
+better idea of the official hate for the nations with
+which Germany was at war than this.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 23em;">
+<span class="smcap">James W. Gerard</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -5em;"><em>in &ldquo;My Four Years in Germany.</em>&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 466px;">
+<img src="images/i_090.jpg" width="466" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE EX-CONVICT:</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>I was a &lsquo;lifer&rsquo;; but they found I had so
+many abilities for teaching civilisation
+amongst our neighbours, that I am now a
+soldier</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Crimes against women and young girls have
+been of appalling frequency. We have
+proved a great number of them, but they only represent
+an infinitesimal proportion of those which we
+could have taken up. Owing to a sense of decency,
+which is deserving of every respect, the victims of
+these hateful acts usually refuse to disclose them.
+Doubtless fewer would have been committed if the
+leaders of an army whose discipline is most rigorous
+had taken any trouble to prevent them; yet, strictly
+speaking, they can only be considered as the individual
+and spontaneous acts of uncaged beasts.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+<em>French Government&#8217;s Official Report,</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><em>September, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;">
+<img src="images/i_092.jpg" width="336" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>WAR LOAN MUSIC</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten
+heraus?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Early in September, 1914, the Government
+made the first War Loan issue. It took the
+form of &pound;50,000,000 of 5 per cent. Treasury Bonds
+with a five years&#8217; currency, and a 5 per cent. Loan
+of undefined amount, irredeemable until 1924.
+The price of both the Treasury Bills and the Loan
+was 97&frac12;. During the ten days in which the lists
+remained open, a tremendous propaganda was carried
+on in the Press&mdash;this quotation is typical:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The victories which our glorious Army has already
+won in the west and east justify the hopes
+that now, as in 1870, the expenses and burdens of
+the war will fall ultimately upon those who have
+disturbed the peace of the German Empire. But
+first we must help ourselves. Great interests are at
+stake.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;German capitalists, show that you are inspired
+by the same spirit as our heroes, who shed their
+hearts&#8217; blood in the fight. Germans who have saved
+money, show that you have saved, not only for yourselves,
+but also for the Fatherland. German corporations,
+companies, savings banks, and all institutions
+which have blossomed and grown up under the
+powerful protection of the Empire, repay the Empire
+with your gratitude in this hour of fate. German
+banks and bankers, show what your brilliant
+organization and your influence on your customers
+are able to produce.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 408px;">
+<img src="images/i_094.jpg" width="408" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>LIBERT&Eacute;! LIBERT&Eacute; CH&Egrave;RIE!</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Soldiers,&mdash;Upon the memorable fields of
+Montmirail, of Vauchamps, of Champaubert,
+which a century ago witnessed the victories of our
+ancestors over Bl&uuml;cher&#8217;s Prussians, your vigorous
+offensive has triumphed over the resistance of the
+Germans. Held on his flanks, his centre broken,
+the enemy is now retreating towards east and north
+by forced marches. The most renowned army
+corps of Old Prussia, the contingents of Westphalia,
+of Hanover, of Brandenburg, have retired
+in haste before you.</p>
+
+<p>This first success is no more than a prelude.
+The enemy is shaken, but not yet decisively beaten.</p>
+
+<p>You have still to undergo severe hardships, to
+make long marches, to fight hard battles.</p>
+
+<p>May the image of your country, soiled by barbarians,
+always remain before your eyes. Never was
+it more necessary to sacrifice all for her.</p>
+
+<p>Saluting the heroes who have fallen in the fighting
+of the last few days, my thoughts turn towards
+you&mdash;the victors in the next battle.</p>
+
+<p>Forward, soldiers, for France.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<span class="smcap">Franchet d&#8217;Esperey</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -5.5em;"><em>General Commanding the Vth Army.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -3.5em;"><em>Montmirail, September 9, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;">
+<img src="images/i_096.jpg" width="440" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE JUNKER</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>What I have most admired in you, Bethmann,
+is that you have made Socialists our
+best supporters</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>England is playing a perfectly shameful
+r&ocirc;le in this war. Even though France were
+allied to Russia by an unfortunate treaty, England
+was not so allied! But England, who has ever
+been jealous of the industrial development of our
+country, used the violation of our treaty of neutrality
+with Belgium, which was incurred only in dire
+need and which was yielded openly and honestly in
+the Reichstag by the Chancellor, as a pretext to declare
+war against us.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<span class="smcap">Philipp Scheidemann</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1em;"><em>Socialist ex-Vice-President</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><em>of the Reichstag</em>.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/i_098.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE HIGHER POLITICS</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>The Kaiser: &ldquo;We will propose peace
+terms; if they accept them, we are the
+gainers; if they refuse them, the responsibility
+will rest with them</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Germany has suggested informally that the
+United States should undertake to elicit from
+Great Britain, France, and Russia a statement of
+the terms under which the Allies would make peace.</p>
+
+<p>The suggestion was made by the Imperial Chancellor,
+von Bethmann-Hollweg, to Ambassador
+Gerard at Berlin as a result of an inquiry sent by
+the American Government to learn whether Emperor
+William was desirous of discussing peace, as
+recently had been reported.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<em>The Associated Press.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -5.4em;"><em>Washington, September 17, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 404px;">
+<img src="images/i_100.jpg" width="404" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>It is a War of Rapine! On that I take my
+stand. I cannot do otherwise</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>I understand that several members of the
+Socialist Party have written all sorts of things
+to the press with regard to the deliberations of the
+Socialist Party in the Reichstag on August 3 and 4.</p>
+
+<p>According to these reports there were no serious
+differences of opinion in our party in regard to the
+political situation, and our own position and decision
+to assent to war credits are alleged to have been
+arrived at unanimously.</p>
+
+<p>In order to prevent the dissemination of an inadmissible
+legend I feel it to be my duty to put on
+record the fact that the issues involved gave rise to
+diametrically opposite views within our parliamentary
+party, and these opposing views found expression
+with a violence hitherto unknown in our deliberations.</p>
+
+<p>It is also entirely untrue to say that assent to the
+war credits was given unanimously.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Dr. Carl Liebknecht</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.5em;"><em>Member of the Reichstag.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><em>September 18, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 409px;">
+<img src="images/i_102.jpg" width="409" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE LAND MINE</em></h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 428px;">
+<img src="images/i_104.jpg" width="428" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE VERY STONES CRY OUT,</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Thou art the man</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The German Government states officially in
+contradiction of the report made by the
+Havas Agency that German artillery purposely destroyed
+important buildings at Rheims, that, on the
+contrary, orders were given to spare the Cathedral
+by all means.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Count von Bernstorff.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1.5em;"><em>Washington, September, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>On Sept. 19 the cathedral was fairly riddled by
+bombs during the entire day, and at about 3:45
+the scaffolding surrounding the north tower caught
+fire. This fire lasted about one hour, and during
+that time two further bombs struck the roof, setting
+it also on fire.</p>
+
+<p>The monument, about which no troops were
+massed, towers above the rest of the town; to avoid
+it, in view of the uselessness of destroying it and
+because it was serving as a hospital, would have
+been an easy matter.</p>
+
+<p>It would seem that the only explanation which
+can be offered was blind rage upon the part of the
+besieging army.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Whitney Warren&#8217;s</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -6.5em;"><em>Official Report to the French Government.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><em>September, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 419px;">
+<img src="images/i_106.jpg" width="419" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE BRAGGART</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>It was I who opened fire on Rheims
+Cathedral</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>My dear Sir, how is it possible to fight these
+people? They seem to have no mercy, no
+decency. It really seems impossible to know how
+to meet them.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">General Castelnau to</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: .5em;" class="smcap">Mr. Whitney Warren.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>The bells sound no more in the cathedral with
+two towers. Finished is the benediction!...
+With lead, O Rheims, we have shut your house of
+idolatry!</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<span class="smcap">M. Rudolf Herzog</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -6.5em;"><em>in Berlin Lokal-Anzeiger. Jan., 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 439px;">
+<img src="images/i_108.jpg" width="439" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>RHEIMS&mdash;WAR AND CHRIST</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The commonest, ugliest stone put to mark the
+burial-place of a German grenadier is a more
+glorious and venerable monument than all the cathedrals
+of Europe put together.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<span class="smcap">Gen. von Disfurth</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -2.7em;"><em>In Hamburger Nachrichten</em>.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>Reduce to ashes the basilica of Rheims where
+Klodovig was anointed, where that Empire of
+Franks was born&mdash;the false brothers of the noble
+Teutons; burn that cathedral!</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<em>Written in the year 1814 by</em>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.2em;" class="smcap">Jean-Joseph Goerres</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: .5em;"><em>in the &ldquo;Rheinische Merkin</em>.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 391px;">
+<img src="images/i_110.jpg" width="391" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
+<h2>LIQUID FIRE</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In October, 1914, the headquarters of the second
+German army at St. Quentin had issued an Order
+regulating the use of fire-squirts ejecting inflammable
+liquid. A special Corps of Pioneers, attachable
+to any unit which might need them, had been
+organized to handle this novel weapon. The Order
+explained that the instrument could squirt a
+flame which would cause mortal injury and which,
+owing to the heat generated, would drive the enemy
+to a considerable distance. It was recommended
+particularly for street fighting.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;">
+<img src="images/i_112.jpg" width="440" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>WE ARE ON OUR WAY TO CALAIS!</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In those days the German headquarters gave continuously
+the order, &ldquo;To Calais, to Calais,&rdquo; and
+the staff considered no difficulties, calculated no
+sacrifices, in order to achieve success.</p>
+
+<p>What these frenzied orders have cost in human
+lives history will tell later on.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+&ldquo;<em>The German Fury in Belgium</em>,&rdquo;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">By</span> <span class="smcap">L. Mokveld</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p>Then the &ldquo;seventy fives&rdquo; were brought up at a
+gallop and poured a hail of shell at the demoralized
+German infantry wading frantically through the
+water towards the canal. Rifles and machine guns
+joined the work of destruction, and the placid lake
+between the railway and canal was soon dotted with
+drowning Germans fallen from the demoralized
+crowds struggling to reach a haven of safety over
+the bridges of St. Georges, Schoorbakke, and Tervaete.</p>
+
+<p>The crisis of the battle of the Yser was over; the
+Germans had made their great effort and had failed.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18.5em;">
+<em>The Times History of the War.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1.5em;"><em>Battle of the Yser. October, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;">
+<img src="images/i_114.jpg" width="441" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>WRITE IT DOWN, SCHOOLMASTER</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>William: &ldquo;Write it down, Schoolmaster.
+Monday shall be Copper Day; Tuesday, Potato
+Day; Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday,
+Gold Day; Friday, Rubber Day; Saturday, no
+Dinner Day, and Sunday, Hate Day!&rdquo;</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 8em;">
+Take you the folk of the Earth in pay,<br />
+With bars of gold your ramparts lay,<br />
+Bedeck the ocean with bow on bow,<br />
+Ye reckon well, but not well enough now,<br />
+French and Russian, they matter not,<br />
+A blow for a blow, a shot for a shot,<br />
+We fight the battle with bronze and steel,<br />
+And the time that is coming Peace will seal,<br />
+You we will hate with a lasting hate,<br />
+We will never forego our hate,<br />
+Hate by water and hate by land,<br />
+Hate of the head and hate of the hand,<br />
+Hate of the hammer and hate of the crown,<br />
+Hate of seventy millions choking down,<br />
+We love as one, we hate as one,<br />
+We have one foe and one alone,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 8.5em;" class="smcap">england!</span></p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<em>Hymn of Hate, by</em> <span class="smcap">Ernst Lissauer</span>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1.3em;"><em>Translation by</em></span> <span class="smcap">Barbara Henderson</span>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><em>New York Times, Oct., 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/i_116.jpg" width="500" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>BARBED WIRE</em></h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;">
+<img src="images/i_118.jpg" width="442" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE SEA MINE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Take the very first incident of the war, the
+mine laying by the <em>K&ouml;nigin Luise</em>. Here was
+a vessel, which was obviously made ready with
+freshly charged mines some time before there was
+any question of a general European war, which was
+sent forth in time of peace, and which, on receipt
+of a wireless message, began to spawn its hellish
+cargo across the North Sea at points fifty miles from
+land in the track of all neutral merchant shipping.
+There was the keynote of German tactics struck at
+the first possible instant. So promiscuous was the
+effect that it was a mere chance which prevented the
+vessel which bore the German Ambassador from being
+destroyed by a German mine. From first to
+last some hundreds of people have lost their lives
+on this tract of sea, some of them harmless British
+trawlers, but the greater number sailors of Danish
+and Dutch vessels pursuing their commerce as they
+had every right to do. It was the first move in a
+consistent policy of murder.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.2em;"><em>In &ldquo;The German War.&rdquo;</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 444px;">
+<img src="images/i_120.jpg" width="444" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>HIS MASTER&#8217;S VOICE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The <em>Vlaamsche Stem</em> (<em>Flemish Voice</em>), a Flemish
+newspaper, was bought by the Germans,
+whereupon the whole of the staff resigned, as it no
+longer represented its title.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 550px;">
+<img src="images/i_122.jpg" width="550" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE PROMISE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>We shall never sheathe the sword which we
+have not lightly drawn until Belgium recovers
+in full measure all and more than she has
+sacrificed, until France is adequately secured
+against the menace of aggression, until the rights of
+the smaller nationalities of Europe are placed upon
+an unassailable foundation, and until the military
+domination of Prussia is wholly and finally destroyed.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 24em;">
+<span class="smcap">H. H. Asquith</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -4.8em;"><em>Prime Minister of England.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.5em;"><em>November, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 416px;">
+<img src="images/i_124.jpg" width="416" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE RAID</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>Do you remember Black Mary of Hamburg?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>Aye, well.</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>She got six years for killing a child, whilst we
+get the Iron Cross for killing twenty at Hartlepool.</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>This morning a German cruiser force made a
+demonstration upon Yorkshire coast, in the
+course of which they shelled Hartlepool, Whitby,
+and Scarborough.</p>
+
+<p>A number of their fastest ships were employed
+for this purpose, and they remained about an hour
+on the coast. They were engaged by patrol vessels
+on the spot.</p>
+
+<p>During the bombardment, especially in West
+Hartlepool, the people crowded in the streets, and
+approximately twenty-two were killed and fifty
+wounded.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>British Admiralty report.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><em>December, 1914.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 389px;">
+<img src="images/i_126.jpg" width="389" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE TYPHUS INFERNO AT WITTENBERG</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>They were received in apathetic silence (Dec.,
+1914). The rooms were unlighted, the men
+were aimlessly marching up and down, some were
+lying on the floor, probably sickening for typhus.
+When they got into the open air again Major Fry
+broke down. The horror of it all was for the moment
+more than he could bear.</p>
+
+<p>Major Priestly saw delirious men waving arms
+brown to the elbow with f&aelig;cal matter. The patients
+were alive with vermin; in the half light he
+attempted to brush what he took to be an accumulation
+of dust from the folds of a patient&#8217;s clothes,
+and he discovered it to be a moving mass of lice.
+In one room in Compound No. 8 the patients lay
+so close to one another on the floor that he had to
+stand straddle-legged across them to examine them.</p>
+
+<p>What the prisoners found hardest to bear in this
+matter were the jeers with which the coffins were
+frequently greeted by the inhabitants of Wittenberg
+who stood outside and were permitted to insult their
+dead.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+<em>Report of the British Committee.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 436px;">
+<img src="images/i_128.jpg" width="436" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>REMEMBER WITTENBERG</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>These medical officers protested with the camp
+commander against the herding together of the
+French and British prisoners with the Russians, who,
+as I have said, were suffering from typhus fever.
+But the camp commander said, &ldquo;You will have to
+know your Allies&rdquo;; and kept all of his prisoners together,
+and thus as surely condemned to death a
+number of French and British prisoners of war as
+though he had stood them against the wall and ordered
+them shot by a firing squad. Conditions in
+the camp during the period of this epidemic were
+frightful. The camp was practically deserted by
+the Germans.</p>
+
+<p>At the time I visited the camp the typhus epidemic,
+of course, had been stamped out. The Germans employed
+a large number of police dogs in this camp
+and these dogs not only were used in watching the
+outside of the camp in order to prevent the escape of
+prisoners but also were used within the camp.
+Many complaints were made to me by prisoners
+concerning these dogs, stating that men had been
+bitten by them. It seemed undoubtedly true that
+the prisoners there had been knocked about and
+beaten in a terrible manner by their guards.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<span class="smcap">James W. Gerard</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -5em;"><em>in &ldquo;My Four Years in Germany</em>.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 438px;">
+<img src="images/i_130.jpg" width="438" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE WONDERS OF CULTURE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On January 29, 1915, the first Zeppelin raid
+upon Paris took place. Twenty-four people
+were killed outright by the exploding bombs and
+over 30 were injured. With one exception all the
+dead and injured were civilians and the majority
+were women and children.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 453px;">
+<img src="images/i_132.jpg" width="453" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>TIRPITZ&#8217; LAST HOPE&mdash;PIRACY</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The waters around Great Britain and Ireland,
+including the whole English Channel, are declared
+a war zone on and after February 18, 1915.</p>
+
+<p>Every enemy merchant ship found in this war
+zone will be destroyed, even if it is impossible to
+avert dangers which threaten the crew and passengers.</p>
+
+<p>Also neutral ships in the war zone are in danger,
+as in consequence of the misuse of neutral flags ordered
+by the British Government on January 31,
+and in view of the hazards of naval warfare, it cannot
+always be avoided that attacks meant for enemy
+ships endanger neutral ships.</p>
+
+<p>Shipping northward, around the Shetland Islands,
+in the eastern basin of the North Sea, and a
+strip of at least thirty nautical miles in breadth
+along the Dutch coast, is endangered in the same
+way.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>German Navy Official Communication.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.3em;"><em>Berlin, February 4, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 411px;">
+<img src="images/i_134.jpg" width="411" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>ALCOHOLISM&mdash;BRITONS NEVER WILL BE SLAVES</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The vast majority belong to a class we can
+depend upon. The others are a minority.</p>
+
+<p>But, you must remember, a small minority of
+workmen can throw a whole works out of gear.
+What is the reason? Sometimes it is one thing,
+sometimes it is another, but let us be perfectly candid.
+It is mostly the lure of the drink. They refuse
+to work full time, and when they return their
+strength and efficiency are impaired by the way in
+which they have spent their leisure. Drink is doing
+us more damage in the war than all the German
+submarines put together.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+<span class="smcap">D. Lloyd George at Bangor.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;"><em>February 28, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 390px;">
+<img src="images/i_136.jpg" width="390" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span></p>
+
+<p style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;"><em>The Crown Prince: &ldquo;Isn&#8217;t it an enjoyable war?</em>&rdquo;<br />
+<em>William: &ldquo;Perhaps, but hardly as
+much so as I anticipated</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>To sum up, the German General Staff has placed
+upon its record since the beginning of the
+campaign&mdash;apart from the failure of its great plan,
+which aimed at the crushing of France in a few
+weeks&mdash;seven defeats of high significance, namely,
+the defeat of the sudden attack on Nancy, the defeat
+of the rapid march on Paris, the defeat of the envelopement
+of our left in August, the defeat of the
+same envelopement in November, the defeat of the
+attempt to break through our centre in September,
+the defeat of the coast attack on Dunkirk and
+Calais, and the defeat of the attack on Ypres.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>French Official report, February, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 401px;">
+<img src="images/i_138.jpg" width="401" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>We have gained a good bit: our cemeteries
+now extend as far as the sea</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The wastage of German effectives is easy to
+establish. We have for the purpose two
+sources&mdash;the official lists of losses published by the
+German General Staff and the notebooks, letters,
+and archives of soldiers and officers killed and
+taken prisoners. These different documents show
+that by the middle of January the German losses on
+the two fronts were 1,800,000 men.</p>
+
+<p>These figures are certainly less than the reality,
+because, for one thing, the sick are not comprised,
+and, for another, the losses in the last battle in
+Poland are not included. Let us accept them, however;
+let us accept also that out of these 1,800,000
+men 500,000&mdash;this is the normal proportion&mdash;have
+been able to rejoin after being cured. Thus the
+final loss for five months of the campaign has been
+1,300,000 men, or 260,000 men per month.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+<em>French Government Official Report.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;"><em>March, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 421px;">
+<img src="images/i_140.jpg" width="421" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>NEUVE CHAPELLE</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>Order of the Crown Prince of Bavaria: &ldquo;You
+must give those English heavy blows.</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><em>Tommy to prisoners after Neuve Chapelle:
+&ldquo;Weren&#8217;t they heavy?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Soldiers of the Sixth Army! We have now
+the good luck to have also the Englishmen
+opposite us on our front, troops of that race whose
+envy was at work for years to surround us with a
+ring of foes and to throttle us. That race especially
+we have to thank for this war. Therefore,
+when now the order is given to attack this foe, practice
+retribution for their hostile treachery and for
+the many heavy sacrifices! Show them that the
+Germans are not so easily to be wiped out of history.
+Show them that, with German blows of a
+special kind. Here is the opponent who most
+blocks a restoration of the peace. Up and at
+him!</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 19em;">
+<span class="smcap">Crown Prince Rupprecht.</span></p>
+
+
+<p>After several days of severe fighting the British
+captured Neuve Chapelle, on the 11th March, 1915.
+The German loss was estimated at 18,000.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 465px;">
+<img src="images/i_142.jpg" width="465" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE MUNITION SHORTAGE</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center"><em>Fired at but unable to reply</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>We have unfortunately found that the output is
+not only not equal to our necessities, but does
+not fulfil our expectations.... I can only say that
+the supply of war material at the present moment and
+for the next two or three months is causing me very
+serious anxiety, and I wish all those engaged in the
+manufacture and supply of these stores to realize that
+it is absolutely essential not only that the arrears in
+the deliveries of our munitions of war should be
+wiped off, but that the output of every round of ammunition
+is of the utmost importance and has a large
+influence on our operations in the field.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 23em;">
+<span class="smcap">Lord Kitchener.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -8em;"><em>House of Commons, March 15, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 491px;">
+<img src="images/i_144.jpg" width="491" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>SUBMARINE BAGS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On March 18 a month had passed since the beginning
+of our sharp procedure against our
+worst foe. We can in every way be satisfied with
+the results achieved in the meantime! In spite of
+all steps taken before and thereafter, the English
+have everywhere had important losses to show at
+sea&mdash;some 200 ships lost since the beginning of the
+war, according to the latest statements of the Allies.</p>
+
+<p>In the innocent exalted island kingdom many a
+fellow is already striking; why should not even the
+recruit strike, who is also beginning to get a glimmer
+of the truth that there are no props in the ocean
+waves?</p>
+
+<p>The more opponents come before the bows of our
+ships and are sunk, the better! Down with them to
+the bottom of the sea; that alone will help! Let us
+hope that we shall soon receive more such cheerful
+news.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 19.5em;">
+<span class="smcap">Vice-Admiral Kirchoff.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.1em;"><em>Hamburger Framdenblatt.</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.6em;"><em>March 19, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 479px;">
+<img src="images/i_146.jpg" width="479" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>I had such a delightful dream that the<br />
+whole thing was not true</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The strategic retreat of the French Army, the
+facility with which the German armies were
+able to advance from August 25 to September 5,
+gave our adversaries a feeling of absolute and
+final superiority, which manifested itself at that
+time by all the statements gleaned and all the documents
+seized.</p>
+
+<p>At the moment of the battle of the Marne the first
+impression was one of failure of comprehension and
+of stupor. A great number of German soldiers,
+notably those who fell into our hands during the
+first days of that battle, believed fully, as at the
+end of August, that the retreat they were ordered to
+make was only a means of luring us into a trap.
+German military opinion was suddenly converted
+when the soldiers saw that this retreat continued,
+and that it was being carried out in disorder,
+under conditions which left no doubt as to its cause
+and its extent.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+<em>French Government Official Report.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;"><em>March, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 515px;">
+<img src="images/i_148.jpg" width="515" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>You see, my little Dutch Geese, I am
+fighting for the freedom of the Seas</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On March 25, 1915, the Dutch vessel <em>Medea</em>,
+on the way from Valencia to London, was
+sunk by a German submarine, U 28, near Beachy
+Head, after the crew had had time to save themselves
+in the boats. The submarine towed the two
+boats for a quarter of an hour and then left the
+occupants to their fate.</p>
+
+<p>The German Government considered that the
+Declaration of London gave it the right to sink
+neutral prizes laden with contraband. The Dutch
+Government held firmly to its standpoint that the
+destruction of a neutral prize was in all circumstances
+an illegal act and that the prescription of
+the Declaration of London allowing, by way of
+exception, destruction of neutral prizes, could not
+be regarded as established international law.</p>
+
+<p>Its offer to submit the case to international arbitration
+was rejected by the German Government.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 486px;">
+<img src="images/i_150.jpg" width="486" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>IRON CROSSES</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>You laugh, Muller! but there are still
+people who like them, and besides it gives
+me exercise</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>From the very beginning there was a wholesale
+distribution of Iron Crosses. Before the
+war the possession of an Iron Cross was a rare distinction
+and a cherished memory of the war of 1870.
+Iron Crosses soon became as plentiful as blackberries.
+According to official statistics there had
+up to the end of March, 1915, been distributed five
+Grand Crosses, 6,488 Iron Crosses of the First
+Class, and 338,261 Iron Crosses of the Second
+Class. During the whole of the war of 1870 only
+1,304 Iron Crosses of the First Class and 45,791
+Iron Crosses of the Second Class had been distributed.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 541px;">
+<img src="images/i_152.jpg" width="541" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Truth is on the path and nothing will
+stay her</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>A German has written this book.
+No Frenchman, no Russian, no Englishman.</p>
+
+<p>A German who is unbribed and unbribable, not
+bought and not for sale.</p>
+
+<p>A German who loves his Fatherland as much as any
+man; but just because he loves it, he has written
+this book.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 11.5em;">
+<em>Opening lines of &ldquo;J&#8217;accuse&rdquo;&mdash;a German to Germans&mdash;published
+in Switzerland, April, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>The book sets out to prove that the war had long
+been planned and prepared by Germany and Austria,
+not only from the military but from the political
+point of view.</p>
+
+<p>That it had long been determined to represent this
+aggressive war to the German people as a war of
+liberation, since it was known that only thus could
+the needful enthusiasm be aroused.</p>
+
+<p>That the object of this war is the establishment
+of German hegemony on the Continent, and in due
+course the conquest of England&#8217;s position as a world
+power on the principle &ldquo;<em>Ote-toi de l&agrave; que je m&#8217;y
+mette</em>.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;">
+<img src="images/i_154.jpg" width="434" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE FALABA</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>We have better luck with passenger<br />
+boats than with war ships, for<br />
+they cannot shoot</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On March 28, 1915, the British steamer <em>Falaba</em>
+was torpedoed by a German submarine. The
+torpedoes were fired while the crew and passengers
+were entering the small boats. More than 100 persons,
+including Mr. Thrasher, an American citizen,
+perished with the ship.</p>
+
+<p>While some of the boats were still on their davits
+the submarine fired a torpedo at short range. This
+action made it absolutely certain that there must be
+great loss of life and it must have been committed
+knowingly with the intention of producing that result.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17em;">
+<span class="smcap">British Official Press Bureau.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8.5em;"><em>April 8, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 461px;">
+<img src="images/i_156.jpg" width="461" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE GAS FIEND</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>At some time between 4 and 5 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span> (22d April)
+the Germans started operations by releasing
+gases with the result that a cloud of poisonous vapor
+rolled swiftly before the wind from their trenches
+toward those of the French west of Langemarck,
+held by a portion of the French Colonial Division.
+Allowing sufficient time for the fumes to take full
+effect on the troops facing them, the Germans
+charged forward over the practically unresisting
+enemy in their immediate front, and, penetrating
+through the gap thus created, pressed on silently and
+swiftly to the south and west.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+<span class="smcap">British Official Eyewitness.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;"><em>April 27, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;We shall not allow these wonderful weapons,
+which German intelligence invented, to grow rusty.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<em>The Cologne Gazette.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>Germany was a signatory to the declaration at
+the Hague Conference of 1899, and an article in
+that Declaration ran as follows: &ldquo;The contracting
+Powers agree to abstain from the use of projectiles
+the sole object of which is the diffusion of asphyxiating
+or deleterious gases.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 485px;">
+<img src="images/i_158.jpg" width="485" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>SLOW ASPHYXIATION</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>These men were lying struggling for breath
+and blue in the face. On examining the
+blood with the spectroscope and by other means,
+I ascertained that the blueness was not due to the
+presence of any abnormal pigment. There was
+nothing to account for the blueness (cyanosis) and
+struggle for air but the one fact that they were
+suffering from acute bronchitis, such as is caused
+by inhalation of an irritant gas. Their statements
+were that when in the trenches they had been overwhelmed
+by an irritant gas produced in front of
+the German trenches and carried toward them by a
+gentle breeze.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>Official Investigation by</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1.4em;" class="smcap">Dr. J. S. Haldane, F.R.S.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 465px;">
+<img src="images/i_160.jpg" width="465" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span></p>
+<p style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">&ldquo;<em>Hullo! Potsdam? Did you thank
+your dear old God for this new success?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The Royal Highlanders of Montreal, 13th
+Battalion, and the 48th Highlanders, 15th
+Battalion, were more especially affected by the discharge.
+The Royal Highlanders, though considerably
+shaken, remained immovable on their ground.
+The 48th Highlanders, who no doubt received a
+more poisonous discharge, were for the moment dismayed,
+and, indeed, their trench, according to the
+testimony of very hardened soldiers, became intolerable.</p>
+
+<p>The Battalion retired from the trench, but for a
+very short distance and for a very short time. In a
+few moments they were again their own men. They
+advanced on and reoccupied the trenches which they
+had momentarily abandoned....</p>
+
+<p>The sorely tried Battalion (the 13th) held on for
+a time in dug-outs, and, under cover of darkness,
+retired again to a new line being formed by reinforcements.
+The rearguard was under Lieut.
+Greenshields. But Major McCuaig remained to
+see that the wounded were removed. It was then,
+after having escaped a thousand deaths through the
+long battle of the night, that he was shot down and
+made a prisoner.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 23em;">
+<span class="smcap">Sir Max Aitken</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -3em;"><em>in &ldquo;Canada in Flanders</em>.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 399px;">
+<img src="images/i_162.jpg" width="399" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>THE ADORATION OF THE MAGI</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/i_164.jpg" width="600" height="410" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>ALL IS QUIET IN BELGIUM</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>I asked General von Bissing if there was much
+need for this military tribunal (The Feld Gericht).
+I shall not forget his reply.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;We have a few serious cases,&rdquo; he said. &ldquo;Occasionally
+there is a little sedition but for the most
+part it is only needle pricks. They are quiet now.
+They know why,&rdquo; and, slowly shaking his head,
+von Bissing, who is known as the sternest disciplinarian
+in the entire German Army, smiled.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><em>From an interview given by the</em></span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Governor-General of Belgium</span> <em>to</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;" class="smcap">Edward Lyall Fox,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><em>New York Times, April, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 519px;">
+<img src="images/i_166.jpg" width="519" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>Germany: &ldquo;Gott strafe England! or I<br />
+will do it myself</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center">NOTICE!</p>
+
+<p>Travellers intending to embark on the Atlantic
+voyage are reminded that a state of war
+exists between Germany and her allies and Great
+Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes
+the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in
+accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial
+German Government, vessels flying the flag
+of Great Britain, or of any of her allies, are liable
+to destruction in those waters and that travellers
+sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or
+her allies do so at their own risk.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 11em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;" class="smcap">Imperial German Embassy.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><em>Washington, D. C., April 22, 1915.</em></span><br />
+<em>Advertisement published in New York newspapers.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 413px;">
+<img src="images/i_168.jpg" width="413" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>Well, have you nearly done?</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The Cunard liner <em>Lusitania</em> was yesterday torpedoed
+by a German submarine and sank.
+The <em>Lusitania</em> was naturally armed with guns.
+Moreover, as is well know here, she had large quantities
+of war material in her cargo.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span class="smcap">Berlin Official Report</span>, <em>May 8, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>This report is not correct. The <em>Lusitania</em> was
+inspected before sailing, as is customary. No guns
+were found, mounted or unmounted, and the vessel
+sailed without any armament.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<span class="smcap">Collector Port of New York</span>, <em>May 9, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>The sinking of the British passenger steamer <em>Falaba</em>
+by a German submarine on March 28, through
+which Leon C. Thrasher, an American citizen, was
+drowned; the attack on April 28 on the American
+vessel <em>Cushing</em> by a German aeroplane; the torpedoing
+on May 1 of the American vessel <em>Gulflight</em>
+by a German submarine as a result of which two
+or more American citizens met their death; and,
+finally, the torpedoing and sinking of the steamship
+<em>Lusitania</em>, constitute a series of events which the
+Government of the United States has observed with
+growing concern, distress, and amazement.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+<span class="smcap">From United States Note to Germany</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><em>May 13, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 379px;">
+<img src="images/i_170.jpg" width="379" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE LUSITANIA&mdash;HEROD&#8217;S NIGHTMARE</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Are they crying &lsquo;Mother&rsquo;&mdash;or &lsquo;Murder&rsquo;?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>This represents not merely piracy, but piracy
+on a vaster scale of murder than old-time
+pirates ever practiced. This is the warfare which
+destroyed Louvain and Dinant and hundreds of
+men, women, and children in Belgium. It is a
+warfare against innocent men, women, and children
+traveling on the ocean, and our own fellow-countrymen
+and countrywomen, who are among the sufferers.</p>
+
+<p>It seems inconceivable that we can refrain from
+taking action in this matter, for we owe it not only
+to humanity, but to our own national self-respect.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 19em;">
+<span class="smcap">Col. Theodore Roosevelt.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;"><em>May 7, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 461px;">
+<img src="images/i_172.jpg" width="461" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>VICTIMS OF GERMAN KULTUR</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Whatever be the other facts regarding the
+<em>Lusitania</em>, the principal fact is that a great
+steamer, primarily and chiefly a conveyance for passengers,
+and carrying more than a thousand souls
+having no part or lot in the conduct of the war, was
+torpedoed and sunk without so much as a challenge
+or a warning, that men, women and children were
+sent to their death in circumstances unparalleled in
+modern warfare.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+<span class="smcap">United States Government&#8217;s</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Note to Germany.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/i_174.jpg" width="600" height="412" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE VERDICT</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>It is the Hour, come</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>We find that this appalling crime was contrary
+to International law and the conventions
+of all civilized nations, and we therefore
+charge the officers of the said submarine, and the
+Emperor of the Government of Germany, under
+whose orders they acted, with the crime of wilful and
+wholesale murder before the tribunal of the civilized
+world. We desire to express our sincere condolence
+with the relatives of deceased; the Cunard Company;
+and the United States of America, so many of
+whose citizens perished in this murderous attack
+on an unarmed liner.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>The unanimous verdict of the Irish jury at</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><em>the inquest of the &ldquo;Lusitania&rdquo; victims.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;">
+<img src="images/i_176.jpg" width="441" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>THIS IS TOO BORING, DO SUGGEST
+SOMETHING NEW</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p><em>Some German achievements in the first months
+of the Great War</em>:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">The violation of Belgium and Luxemburg.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Massacre of civilian populations in Belgium and France.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Bombardment by warships of open towns.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Murder of civilians by air raids.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Murder of civilians on the high seas.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">The introduction of liquid fire and poison gas.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">Enslavement of conquered civilian communities.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;">
+<img src="images/i_178.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p>
+<h2>&ldquo;<em>HAVE ANOTHER PIECE?</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Without a drop of blood flowing, and
+without the life of a single Italian being
+endangered, Italy could have secured the long list
+of concessions which I recently read to the House&mdash;territory
+in Tyrol and on the Isonzo as far as the
+Italian speech is heard, satisfactions of the national
+aspirations in Trieste, a free hand in Albania, and
+the valuable port of Valona.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.1em;"><em>Reichstag, May 28, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 397px;">
+<img src="images/i_180.jpg" width="397" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE WOLF-TRAP</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center"><em>Italy: &ldquo;You would make me believe that<br />
+I shall have my cub given back to me,<br />
+but I know I shall have to fight for it</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The discussion continued for months from the
+first days of December to March, and it was
+not until the end of March that Barion Burian offered
+a zone of territory comprised within a line
+extending from the existing boundary to a point
+just north of the City of Trent.</p>
+
+<p>In exchange for this proposed cession the Austro-Hungarian
+Government demanded a number of
+pledges, including among them an assurance of entire
+liberty of action in the Balkans. <em>Note should
+be made of the fact that the cession of the territory
+around Trent was not intended to be immediately
+effective as we demanded, but was to be made only
+upon the termination of the European War.</em></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 6.1em;" class="smcap">Signor Sonnino.</span><br />
+<em>Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><em>May 25, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 451px;">
+<img src="images/i_182.jpg" width="451" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE BROKEN ALLIANCE AND ITALY</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Twenty years and more you&#8217;ve forced<br />
+me to wear this chain</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>For the guardianship, therefore, of these treaties
+the government of the kingdom of Italy found
+itself constrained to notify the Imperial Austrian
+Government on the fourth of this month, May,
+1915, that it must withdraw all of its proposals
+of agreement, denounce the treaty of the alliance,
+and declare its own liberty of action. Nor, on the
+other hand, was it more possible to leave Italy in
+isolation without security and without prestige, just
+at the moment in which the history of the world was
+taking on a decisive phase.</p>
+
+<p>Everything else we must forget from this moment,
+and remember only this: to be <em>Italians</em>, to
+love all Italy with the same faith and fervor. The
+forces of all must be cemented into one single heart;
+only one single will must guide all toward the
+wished for end; and force, and art, and will must
+find their expression one, alive, and heroic in the
+army and navy of Italy and in the august leader
+who conducts them toward the destiny of the new
+history.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 5.6em;" class="smcap">Antonio Salandra.</span><br />
+<em>President of the Ministerial Council.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5.9em;"><em>Rome. May 20, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 487px;">
+<img src="images/i_184.jpg" width="487" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Neither Serbia nor Russia, despite a long
+and costly war, is hated. Italy, however,
+or rather those Italian would be politicians and
+business men who offer violence to the majority of
+peaceful Italian people, are so unutterably hated
+with the most profound honesty that this war can
+produce.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>The Frankfurter Zeitung, May 25, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 399px;">
+<img src="images/i_186.jpg" width="399" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE LATIN SISTERS</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center"><em>Italy: &ldquo;Indeed she is my sister</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Giuseppe Garibaldi with a corps of
+Italian soldiers went to the defense of the
+French Republic in the war of 1870 against the
+Prussians, performing heroic deeds at Dijon worthy
+of an epopee.</p>
+
+<p>Ricciotti Garibaldi, living son of the Hero, with
+a corps of Italian volunteers went to the defense of
+Greece against Turkey in 1897, performing heroic
+deeds worthy of an epopee at Domokos.</p>
+
+<p>Peppino Garibaldi, living son of Ricciotti, with
+a corps of Italian volunteers went to the defense of
+the French Republic in the present war against Germany,
+performing heroic deeds worthy of an epopee
+in the Argonne.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>From &ldquo;Why Italy entered the Great War.</em>&rdquo;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8.2em;" class="smcap">Luigi Carnovale.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 370px;">
+<img src="images/i_188.jpg" width="370" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>But Mother had done nothing wrong,<br />
+had she, Daddy?</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The first Zeppelin attack on London was made
+on the evening of the last day of May, 1915.
+Zeppelins passed over Colchester at 10 o&#8217;clock, and
+at twenty-three minutes past ten the people in one
+of the poorest and most crowded quarters of East
+End were startled to find bomb after bomb, mainly
+of incendiary type, dropping among them. A large
+number of civilians including many women and children
+were killed.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p style="margin-left: 9em;">
+By shell from sea, by bomb from air,<br />
+Our greeting shall be sped,<br />
+Making each English homestead<br />
+A mansion of the dead.<br />
+And even Grey will tremble<br />
+As falls each iron word;<br />
+&ldquo;God punish England, brother?<br />
+Yea! Punish her, O Lord!&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<em>A Hymn of Hate by</em> <span class="smcap">Herr Hochstetter</span>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 11em;"><em>Translated by</em></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">Capt. G. Valentine Williams.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8.5em;"><em>London Daily Mail.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 405px;">
+<img src="images/i_190.jpg" width="405" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>MY SON, GO AND FIGHT FOR<br />
+YOUR MOTHERLAND</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center">IS YOUR CONSCIENCE CLEAR?</p>
+
+
+<p>Ask your conscience why you are staying comfortably
+at home instead of doing <em>your</em> share
+for your King and Country.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;">1. Are you too old?</p>
+
+<p style="font-size: .9em; margin-left: 2em;">The only man who is too old is the man who is over 38.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;">2. Are you physically fit?</p>
+
+<p style="font-size: .9em; margin-left: 2em;">The only man who can say honestly that he is not
+physically fit is the man who has been told so by a Medical Officer.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 1em;">3. Do you suggest you cannot leave your business?</p>
+
+<p style="font-size: .9em; margin-left: 2em;">In this great crisis the only man who cannot leave his
+business is the man who is himself actually doing work
+for the Government.</p>
+
+<p>If your conscience is not clear on these three
+points your duty is plain.</p>
+
+<p class="center">ENLIST TO-DAY</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">God Save the King</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 20em;">
+<em>Newspaper advertisement in</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><em>British Press, May, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 392px;">
+<img src="images/i_192.jpg" width="392" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE SACRIFICE&mdash;FOR HUMANITY&#8217;S SAKE</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The women of Great Britain will never forget
+what Belgium has done for all that women
+hold most dear.</p>
+
+<p>In the days to come mothers will tell their children
+how a small but great-souled nation fought to
+the death against overwhelming odds and sacrificed
+all things to save the world from an intolerable
+tyranny.</p>
+
+<p>The story of the Belgian people&#8217;s defense of
+freedom will inspire countless generations yet unborn.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<span class="smcap">Emmeline Pankhurst,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.2em;"><em>in &ldquo;King Albert&#8217;s Book.&rdquo;</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 420px;">
+<img src="images/i_194.jpg" width="420" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>ON TICKET-OF-LEAVE</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;<em>Next time I&#8217;ll wear a German Helmet and<br />
+plead &lsquo;Military Necessity&rsquo;</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The German went into this war with a mind
+which had been carefully trained out of the
+idea of every moral sense or obligation, private,
+public, or international. He does not recognize
+the existence of any law, least of all those he has
+subscribed to himself, in making war against
+women and children.</p>
+
+<p>All mankind bears witness to-day that there is no
+crime, no cruelty, no abomination that the mind of
+man can conceive which the German has not perpetrated,
+is not perpetrating, and will not perpetrate
+if he is allowed to go on.</p>
+
+<p>These horrors and perversions were not invented
+by him on the spur of the moment. They were arranged
+beforehand. Their outlines are laid down
+in the German war book. They are part of the
+system in which Germany has been scientifically
+trained. It is the essence of that system to make
+such a hell of countries where their armies set foot
+that any terms she may offer will seem like heaven
+to the people whose bodies she has defiled and whose
+minds she has broken of set purpose and intention.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 23em;">
+<span class="smcap">Rudyard Kipling,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -6.3em;"><em>at Southport, England, June, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 551px;">
+<img src="images/i_196.jpg" width="551" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>ANOTHER GERMAN &ldquo;VICTORY&rdquo;</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>In June the Germans once more turned to the East
+and the North-East Coast. On June 4, 1915,
+there was a raid, doing some slight damage; and
+two days later there was another, by far the most
+serious of any that had yet happened. The raiders
+succeeded in reaching a town on the East Coast
+during the night and bombed it at their leisure.
+One large drapery house was struck and was completely
+wrecked, the entire building&mdash;a somewhat
+old one&mdash;collapsing. Some working-class streets
+were very badly damaged, a number of houses destroyed,
+and many people injured. It was one of
+the peculiarities of this raid that, unlike most of the
+others, all the people injured were struck while indoors.
+The total casualties here were twenty-four
+killed, about sixty seriously injured, and a larger
+number slightly injured.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 461px;">
+<img src="images/i_198.jpg" width="461" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p>
+<p style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">&ldquo;<em>He was a brave &lsquo;Zepp,&rsquo; he had
+already killed over one hundred women and children</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The outrage (see preceding page) was quickly
+avenged by a young British naval airman,
+Flight Sub-Lieut. R. A. J. Warneford, in one of
+the most brilliant aerial exploits of the war.</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of June 7 at 3 <span class="smcap">a.m.</span> he encountered
+a Zeppelin returning from the coast of
+Flanders to Ghent, and chased it, mounting above
+it and sailing over it at a height of 6,000 feet.
+Zeppelin and aeroplane exchanged shots, and when
+the Zeppelin was between one and two hundred feet
+immediately below him he dropped six bombs on it.
+One bomb hit the Zeppelin fairly, causing a terrific
+explosion, and setting the airship on fire from end
+to end. Warneford&#8217;s aeroplane was caught by the
+force of the explosion and turned upside down, but
+he succeeded in righting it before it touched the
+ground. He was forced to alight within the German
+lines. Nevertheless he restarted his engine,
+though not without great difficulty, and in due
+course returned to his station without damage.
+Only the framework of the Zeppelin was left, the
+crew being all burned or mangled, and the body of
+the machine being completely destroyed.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<em>Times History of the War.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 464px;">
+<img src="images/i_200.jpg" width="464" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE GREAT SURPRISE</em></h2>
+
+<p class="center"><em>Moses II. leads his chosen people through<br />
+the channel to the promised (Eng.) land</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>From a military or political or economic point
+of view one should look at the matter (the
+capture of Calais) with the eyes of Great Britain
+and define the Calais idea as a possibility for a
+seafaring continental power to conduct a war
+against Great Britain from the continental coast
+channel and with all military resources while holding
+open communication between the Atlantic Ocean
+and the North Sea.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 21em;">
+<span class="smcap">Count von Reventlow</span>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><em>June, 1915.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 478px;">
+<img src="images/i_202.jpg" width="478" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>BOTHA TO BRITAIN</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>I have carried out everything in accordance
+with our compact at Vereeniging</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>On July 9, 1915, a despatch from General
+Botha was published stating that he had
+brought his campaign in South-West Africa to a
+triumphant close, and had received the unconditional
+surrender of Governor Sietz and the German
+forces of 3,500 men. The campaign, commencing
+in February, had lasted five months. The patriotic
+devotion of General Botha and the loyalty of the
+great majority of the Dutch people to the cause of
+the British Empire were a magnificent vindication
+of the Liberal Cabinet&#8217;s policy of reconciliation
+after the close of the South African war.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 396px;">
+<img src="images/i_204.jpg" width="396" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH IN ARMS</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The self-governing Colonies in the British Empire
+have at their disposal a &lsquo;militia,&rsquo; which
+is sometimes only a process of formation. They
+can be completely ignored so far as concerns any
+European theatre of war.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 22em;">
+<span class="smcap">Von Bernhardi</span>, <em>1911</em>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>Our thoughts naturally turn to the splendid
+efforts of the Oversea Dominions and India, who,
+from the earliest days of the war, have ranged themselves
+side by side with the Mother Country. The
+prepared armed forces of India were the first to take
+the field, closely followed by the gallant Canadians&mdash;who
+are now fighting alongside their British and
+French comrades in Flanders. In the Dardanelles
+the Australians and New Zealanders&mdash;combined
+with the same elements, have already accomplished
+a feat of arms of almost unexampled brilliancy. In
+each of these great Dominions new and large contingents
+are being prepared, while South Africa, not
+content with the successful conclusion of the arduous
+campaign in South-West Africa, is now offering
+large forces to engage the enemy in the main theatre
+of war.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 11em;">
+<span class="smcap">Lord Kitchener</span>, <em>Guildhall speech, July 9, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>There are now in training or in the field 350,000
+troops of the overseas dominions alone, while this
+country, on estimate, has at least 2,775,000 men in
+the field or in training.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 17.5em;">
+<span class="smcap">Sir Gilbert Parker</span>, <em>July, 1915.</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/i_206.jpg" width="600" height="431" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>JOHN BULL: &ldquo;COME ON,<br />
+MICHAEL, I&#8217;M AWAKE NOW</em>&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>Rightly or wrongly, we have in the past devoted
+our energies and our intelligence, not to
+preparations for war, but to that social progress
+which makes for the happiness and contentment of
+the mass of our people. And this, no doubt, is the
+reason why other nations imagine that we, as a nation
+of shopkeepers, are too indolent and apathetic
+to fight for and maintain these priceless liberties
+won by the men who laid the foundation of our vast
+empire.</p>
+
+<p>But they are entirely mistaken in forming any
+such estimate of the temperament or determination
+of our people. Great Britain hates war, and no nation
+enters more reluctantly upon its horrible and
+devastating operations; but at the same time no
+nation, when it is driven to war by the machinations
+of its foes who desire to filch from it or from
+its co-champions of liberty any portion of their inherited
+freedom, is more resolved to see the matter
+through, at whatever cost, to a successful issue.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<span class="smcap">Sir Edward Carson</span>, <em>British Attorney-General.</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><em>Statement on first twelve months of war.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 403px;">
+<img src="images/i_208.jpg" width="403" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>L&#8217;AVENIR</em></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The only peace which the republic can accept
+is that which guarantees the security of Europe
+and which will permit us to breathe and to live
+and to work to reconstruct our dismembered country
+and repair our ruins, a peace which will effectively
+protect us against any offensive return of the
+Germanic ambitions.</p>
+
+<p>The present generations are accountable for
+France to posterity. They will not permit the profanation
+of the trust which their ancestors confided
+to their charge. France is determined to conquer;
+she will conquer.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+<span style="margin-left: 1.8em;"><em>President of the French Republic.</em></span><br />
+<em>From speech on the conclusion of the</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8.5em;"><em>first year of war.</em></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 402px;">
+<img src="images/i_210.jpg" width="402" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>ORANJE BOVEN</em></h2>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 8em;">
+  <em>German Oculist, trying on spectacles:</em><br />
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;<em>What do you read now?</em>&rdquo;</span><br />
+  <em>Dutchman: &ldquo;Deutschland &uuml;ber Alles.</em>&rdquo;<br />
+  <em>German Oculist: &ldquo;That is right: that</em><br />
+<em>pair exactly suits you.</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p style="font-size: .9em;"><em>&ldquo;Oranje Boven&rdquo; is the Dutch cry which answers to the
+German &ldquo;Deutschland &uuml;ber Alles.&rdquo;</em></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The cartoons reproduced upon the opposite
+and following pages are selected examples
+of the series drawn for and published in &ldquo;The
+Amsterdam Telegraaf,&rdquo; at the time when Holland
+was invaded by an army of spies and secret agents
+who carried on a vast system of pro-German propaganda.
+These cartoons represent Raemaekers&#8217; reply.</p>
+
+<p>It was during the publication of these pictures
+that a price was set upon his head by the German
+Government, and he was charged by the Dutch
+Government, at the instance of the representatives
+of the Central Powers with &ldquo;endangering the neutrality
+of Holland,&rdquo; a form of persecution which
+had an effect quite opposite to that intended, as it
+resulted only in drawing the attention of the Allies
+and other Neutrals to the power and significance of
+Raemaekers&#8217; cartoons, which was followed by a
+much wider distribution of his work.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 445px;">
+<img src="images/i_212.jpg" width="445" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE ENVOY TO HER MAJESTY</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>Madam, your soldiers will get splendid
+Prussian uniforms and Your Majesty will
+have a place of honour in the retinue of
+the Kaiser</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;">
+<img src="images/i_214.jpg" width="440" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>The Driver: &ldquo;You are a worthy
+Dutchman. He who lies in that grave
+was a foolish idealist</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 503px;">
+<img src="images/i_216.jpg" width="503" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE DUTCH JUNKERS</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>At least we shall get posts as gamekeepers
+when Germany takes us after the
+war</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 381px;">
+<img src="images/i_218.jpg" width="381" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE EAGLE IN THE HEN RUN</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>German Eagle: &ldquo;Come along, Dutch
+chicken, we will easily arrange an agreement.&rdquo;</em></p>
+
+<p><em>The Dutch chicken: &ldquo;Yes, in your
+stomach.&rdquo;</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;">
+<img src="images/i_220.jpg" width="480" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>OUR CANDID FRIEND</em></h2>
+
+<p>&ldquo;<em>I shall have to swallow you up if only
+to prevent those English taking your
+Colonies</em>&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 463px;">
+<img src="images/i_222.jpg" width="463" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p>
+<h2><em>THE FREE SEA</em></h2>
+
+<p><em>Germany&#8217;s idea of what it would make
+of it for Holland</em></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 472px;">
+<img src="images/i_224.jpg" width="472" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the
+War, Volume 1, by Louis Raemaekers
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY, VOL 1 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 34031-h.htm or 34031-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/0/3/34031/
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Anne Storer and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_003.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_003.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723771b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_003.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_004.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71fe525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_004.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_018.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_018.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..016d060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_018.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_020.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acdd090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_020.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_022.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_022.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..805460e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_022.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_024.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_024.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5110d95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_024.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_026.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_026.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c58e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_026.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_028.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_028.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f491f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_028.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_030.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_030.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..404805d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_030.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_032.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_032.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d8dbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_032.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_034.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_034.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e88d269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_034.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_036.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_036.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f60a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_036.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_038.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_038.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5109070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_038.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_040.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_040.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e3bd21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_040.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_042.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_042.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e434a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_042.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_044.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_044.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7f308d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_044.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_046.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_046.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de65ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_046.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_048.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_048.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01a61d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_048.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_050.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_050.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d137d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_050.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_052.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_052.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d7d1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_052.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_054.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_054.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..307dce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_054.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_056.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_056.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd1905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_056.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_058.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_058.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b69e7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_058.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_060.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_060.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f17e00b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_060.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_062.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_062.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46dd584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_062.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_064.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_064.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a33ae4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_064.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_066.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_066.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02593f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_066.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_068.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_068.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbff6d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_068.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_070.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_070.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dec2d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_070.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_072.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_072.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f86020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_072.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_074.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_074.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfb5519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_074.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_076.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_076.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..376e574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_076.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_078.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_078.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ba70a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_078.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_080.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_080.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b006746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_080.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_082.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_082.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1412861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_082.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_084.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_084.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97c4c6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_084.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_086.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_086.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db368a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_086.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_088.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_088.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc77416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_088.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_090.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_090.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b469140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_090.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_092.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_092.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6077378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_092.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_094.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_094.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ee9ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_094.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_096.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_096.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..796a5ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_096.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_098.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_098.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca6f881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_098.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_100.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_100.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1f2e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_100.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_102.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_102.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..250ddff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_102.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_104.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_104.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b9f181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_104.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_106.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_106.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0c220a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_106.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_108.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_108.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..510665d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_108.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_110.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_110.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4c7e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_110.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_112.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_112.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd6607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_112.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_114.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_114.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9e8b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_114.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_116.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_116.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fe91b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_116.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_118.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_118.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..535b1e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_118.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_120.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_120.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9df5768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_120.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_122.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_122.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e3d209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_122.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_124.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_124.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acdf6bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_124.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_126.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_126.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36b7efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_126.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_128.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_128.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e83268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_128.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_130.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_130.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e7868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_130.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_132.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_132.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a38594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_132.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_134.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_134.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e79e398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_134.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_136.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_136.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e5332b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_136.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_138.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_138.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4975501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_138.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_140.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_140.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02754fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_140.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_142.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_142.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48259ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_142.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_144.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_144.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fe8bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_144.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_146.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_146.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb99211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_146.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_148.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_148.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..310ac63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_148.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_150.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_150.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..305f012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_150.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_152.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_152.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4eb1ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_152.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_154.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_154.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ecd96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_154.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_156.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_156.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26307c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_156.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_158.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_158.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7340f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_158.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_160.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_160.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..647193f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_160.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_162.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_162.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c00ec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_162.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_164.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_164.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0b71fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_164.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_166.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_166.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b76726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_166.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_168.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_168.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ccdcd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_168.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_170.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_170.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43efe52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_170.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_172.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_172.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da6dfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_172.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_174.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_174.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..439d189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_174.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_176.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_176.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4136922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_176.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_178.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_178.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e08e802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_178.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_180.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_180.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2212e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_180.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_182.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_182.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7af40c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_182.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_184.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_184.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..458bc83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_184.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_186.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_186.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1a98a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_186.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_188.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_188.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac74fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_188.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_190.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_190.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24851d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_190.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_192.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_192.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8ea53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_192.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_194.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_194.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d524ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_194.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_196.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_196.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0627b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_196.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_198.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_198.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1408f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_198.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_200.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_200.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bae64e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_200.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_202.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_202.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e01b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_202.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_204.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_204.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08a47da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_204.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_206.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_206.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3c915d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_206.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_208.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_208.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7cbe45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_208.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_210.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_210.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..813ea5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_210.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_212.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_212.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b27f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_212.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_214.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_214.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61efe9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_214.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_216.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_216.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a6a579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_216.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_218.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_218.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ec28d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_218.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_220.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_220.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c07de89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_220.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_222.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_222.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..947c818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_222.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_224.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_224.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78a7a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_224.jpg
diff --git a/34031-h/images/i_cover.jpg b/34031-h/images/i_cover.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca8fc54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/34031-h/images/i_cover.jpg
author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-14 20:00:43 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-14 20:00:43 -0700
commit	f019021319a0988152fead76f23281e6ed5dd325 (patch)
tree	aa2e225fd991e4fa2a3ccd3696ff3372ae53f8d6 /34031-h