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diff --git a/33915.txt b/33915.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a53264 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2223 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway + +Author: Rollin H. Baker + +Release Date: October 19, 2010 [EBook #33915] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + + Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway + + + BY + + ROLLIN H. BAKER + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + + Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text + November 28, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + LAWRENCE + 1951 + + + + + University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, + Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text + November 28, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1951 + [Union Label] + 23-7607 + + + + +Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway + +BY + +ROLLIN H. BAKER + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +Mammals from along the Alaska Highway were obtained for the University +of Kansas Museum of Natural History in the summers of 1947 and 1948 by +Mr. J. R. Alcorn, field representative of the Museum. He and his +family visited Alberta, British Columbia, the Yukon Territory and +Alaska in an automobile and trailer from June 9, 1947, to September 6, +1947, and again from June 8, 1948, to August 24, 1948. In 1947, +considerable time was spent by Alcorn in Alaska; trips were made on +the Steese Highway to Circle and on the Glenn Highway to Anchorage. In +1948, most of the collecting was done in British Columbia and in the +Yukon Territory but a side trip was taken to Haines, Alaska. The +collecting stations are shown in figure 1. Alcorn's 1,252 specimens +include several large series from areas where few or no mammals had +been taken previously. Time spent at each collecting station was of +short duration (usually less than three days) and although 56 species +and subspecies of mammals are represented in the collections, it is +recognized that not all of the kinds of mammals at any one locality +were taken. + +For the loan of comparative mammalian material, grateful +acknowledgment is made to officials of the following institutions: +California Academy of Sciences; Biological Surveys collection of the +U. S. National Museum; Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C.; National +Museum of Canada. The promptness of officials of the game commissions +of the provinces and territories concerned, in providing permits for +collecting also is acknowledged. A part of the funds for field work +was made available by a grant from the Kansas University Endowment +Association. Elevations above sea level are given in feet. Capitalized +color terms refer to those in Ridgway, Color Standards and Color +Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912. + + + [Illustration: Fig. 1. Map showing localities where J. R. Alcorn + collected mammals in Alaska, Yukon Territory, British Columbia, + and Alberta, in 1947 and 1948.] + + + + +COLLECTING LOCALITIES SHOWN IN FIGURE 1. + + + Alaska + + 1. Circle. + + 2. Twelve Mile Summit, Steese Highway. + + 3. Chatanika River, 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks. + + 4. 1 mi. SW Fairbanks. + + 5. North side Salcha River, 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks. + + 6. Richardson Highway, 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta. + + 7. Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction. + + 8. Tok Junction. + + 9. Fish Creek, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson. + + 10. East side Deadman Lake, 15 mi. SE Northway. + + 11. Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake. + + 12. 1 mi. NE Anchorage. + + 13. East side Chilkat River, 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. + + 14. 1 mi. S Haines. + + + Yukon Territory + + To avoid undue crowding, or overlapping, of symbols, two or more + collecting localities, in some instances, are represented by a + single symbol (solid circle) in figure 1. + + 15. Junction Grafe and Edith Creeks. + + 16. 6 mi. SW Kluane. + + 17. East side Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon. + + 18. 25 mi. NW Whitehorse. + + 19. { 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse. + { McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse. + { 1 mi. NE Whitehorse. + { 1/2 mi. W Whitehorse. + + 20. West side Lewes River, 2 mi. S Whitehorse. + + 21. { Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River. + { Champagne, North side Dezadeash Lake. + { SW end Dezadeash Lake. + + 22. { 5 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse. + { 2 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse. + { West side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse. + { East side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse. + + 23. { Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post. + { Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post. + + 24. 11/2 mi. E Tatshenshini River, 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E + Dalton Post. + + + British Columbia + + 25. 1 mi. NW junction of Irons Creek and Liard River. + + 26. Screw Creek, 10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + + 27. { 15 mi. NW Kelsall Lake. + { Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and + { Kelsall River. + + 28. 14 mi. N Fort Halkett, West side Smith River. + + 29. West side Mt. Glave, 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake. + + 30. North side Liard River, Fort Halkett. + + 31. { Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW junction Trout River and Liard River. + { North side Liard River, 1/2 mi. W junction Trout River and + { Liard River. + { 1/4 mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River. + + 32. 12 mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River. + + 33. { NE end Muncho Lake. + { SE end Muncho Lake. + + 34. 10 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 35. North side Muskwa River, 4 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 36. South side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake. + + 37. Summit Pass, 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 38. North Fork Tetsa River, 4 mi. ENE Summit Pass. + + 39. East side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch. + + 40. Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + 41. Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + 42. 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John. + + + Alberta + + 43. Assineau River, 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso. + + + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES + + +Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex arcticus cinereus_ Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 206, 1792. + (Type from Fort Severn, Ontario, Canada.) + + _Sorex cinereus cinereus_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, + February 9, 1925. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 56, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 3; N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 10; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 2; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 +mi. SE Northway, 1. _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 2; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 2; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 4; 11/2 mi. S +and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 10. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse +Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 9; Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; 1/4 mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 4; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. +_Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--Shrews from extreme northwestern British Columbia +(Stonehouse Creek) average slightly larger than typical S. c. +cinereus, especially in length of tail. These animals show definite +evidence of intergradation with the larger subspecies, _S. c. +streatori_, but are referable to _S. c. cinereus_. The pallor of some +shrews from east-central Alaska (Chatanika River and Salcha River) +suggests intergradation with the pale _S. c. hollisteri_. + +Alcorn found the cinereous shrew at most of his trapping stations. It +was captured in mouse traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats; one was +taken in a trap baited with a grasshopper. Rand (1944:35) and Alcorn +each found this shrew to be one of the commoner mammals along the +Alaska Highway, but Alcorn did not find it to be so abundant as some +of the rodents in areas in which he trapped. The cinereous shrew was +taken principally in moist woodlands, grassy areas, and adjacent to +water. One female taken on July 18 was lactating. + + +Sorex cinereus streatori Merriam + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex personatus streatori_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:62, + December 31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.) + + _Sorex cinereus streatori_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, + February 9, 1925. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 19, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 10; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +9. + +_Remarks._--Average and extreme external measurements of the nine +adult specimens from 1 mile south of Haines are as follows: Total +length, 103 (98-105); tail, 45 (43-46); and condylobasal length, 16.2 +(16.0-16.4). Corresponding measurements of an adult specimen (No. +1676, UKMNH) from Sitka, Alaska, are 108, 47, and 16.5. Measurements +of ten adult specimens from the Chilkat River, 9 miles west and 4 +miles north of Haines, are 100 (91-106), 44 (40-50), 16.0 (15.5-16.5). +The slightly smaller average size of the latter specimens indicates a +trend toward the smaller _S. c. cinereus_, which occurs farther +inland. Skulls of some of the specimens from the Chilkat River have a +more slender rostrum than those of the specimens from 1 mile south of +Haines, and more nearly resemble _S. c. cinereus_ in this respect. +Evidently, as indicated by Jackson (1928:54), _S. c. streatori_ +occupies only an extremely narrow strip of mainland in the vicinity of +Haines. + + +Sorex cinereus hollisteri Jackson + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex cinereus hollisteri_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:55, + February 9, 1925. (Type from St. Michael, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft. + +_Remarks._--Both specimens of this pale subspecies were trapped, along +with six _Clethrionomys_ and one _Mus_, in a grassy area bordered on +one side by the road and on the other by a spruce forest. No. 21069, +[male]?, taken on August 21, is in molt, with one patch of new fur on +the rump and another along the midline of the nape and shoulders. + + +Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex obscurus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, 1895. + (Type from near Timber Creek, altitude 8200 ft., Salmon River + Mountains, now Lemhi Mountains, 10 miles west of Junction, Lemhi + County, Idaho.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 12, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 2; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1. _British +Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 4; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E +Kelsall Lake, 1; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard +River, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N +Kinuso, 2. + +_Remarks._--Some of the shrews taken in extreme southwestern Yukon +Territory (11/2 miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton Post) and in +extreme northwestern British Columbia (Stonehouse Creek and Mt. Glave) +show evidence of intergradation with the coastal subspecies, _S. o. +alascensis_, in length of hind foot. These individuals have a long +hind foot (14 and 15); the hind feet of specimens from the other +localities listed measure 13 and 14. + +Alcorn, like Rand (1944:35), found the dusky shrew to be less common +than the cinereous shrew; both were taken in the same trap lines. The +dusky shrew was taken at a higher altitude (4000 feet, on Mt. Glave) +than the cinereous shrew. + + +Sorex obscurus shumaginensis Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex alascensis shumaginensis_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. + Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900. (Type from Popof Island, Shumagin + Islands, Alaska.) + + _Sorex obscurus shumaginensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist, 16:228, July 12, 1902. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 2. + +_Remarks._--These three shrews, in comparison with those referred to +_S. o. obscurus_, are paler, and the one complete skull has a slightly +higher braincase. All of the specimens were obtained in grassy areas +adjacent to the roadway. + + +Sorex obscurus alascensis Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex obscurus alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76, + December 31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 22, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +10. + + +Sorex palustris navigator (Baird) + +Water Shrew + + _Neosorex navigator_ Baird, Report Pacific R. R. Survey, 8, pt. + 1, Mammals, p. 11, 1857. (Type from near head of Yakima River, + Cascade Mountains, Washington.) + + _Sorex_ (_Neosorex_) _palustris navigator_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, + 10:92, December 31, 1895. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 20, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2. _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 11; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 2; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. _British +Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 2. + +_Remarks._--Those males with worn teeth seem to have a slightly longer +and deeper rostrum with a larger, more inflated cranium than specimens +of _S. p. navigator_ from Washington, but in other ways resemble +typical _S. p. navigator_. An adult male, with slightly worn teeth, +from Dezadeash Lake has sagittal and lambdoidal crests. All of the +water shrews were taken in July and early August and at the edge of +water in traps baited with rolled oats. None of the females had +embryos. + + +Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (LeConte) + +Little Brown Bat + + _Vespertilio lucifugus_ LeConte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal + Kingdom, vol. 1, appendix, p. 431, 1831. (Type from Georgia; + probably the LeConte plantation, near Riceboro, Liberty County.) + + _Myotis lucifugus_ Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:59, + October 16, 1897. + +_Specimens examined._--Thirty-eight from _British Columbia_: NE end +Muncho Lake. + +_Remarks._--The 38 bats were from a colony of approximately 75 +individuals, found on the south side of a house. The paper was loose +and had buckled in numerous places allowing room for the bats to +ensconce themselves between the paper and outside wall. + + +Myotis lucifugus alascensis Miller + +Little Brown Bat + + _Myotis lucifugus alascensis_ Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:63, + October 16, 1897. (Type from Sitka, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, +10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + +_Remarks._--The specimen is considerably darker both above and below +than either of two specimens of _M. l. alascensis_ from Red Bluff Bay, +Alaska. Alcorn searched ten frame buildings in an abandoned camp on +the east side of Screw Creek, for bats and found only the one bat. It +was above some droppings. No droppings were found in other buildings. + + +Ochotona collaris (Nelson) + +Collared Pika + + _Lagomys collaris_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 8:117, + December 21, 1893. (Type from near head of Tanana River, about + 200 miles south of Fort Yukon, Alaska.) + + [_Ochotona_] _collaris_ Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., + p. 648, 1897. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 14, as follows: _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, +1; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 13. + +_Remarks._--In comparing specimens obtained by Alcorn with published +descriptions of _O. collaris_ in Howell (1924:35), it appeared that +measurable geographic variation might be present in this monotypic +species. Accordingly, comparisons were made with materials in the +Biological Surveys collection of the U. S. National Museum, the +Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C., and the National Museum of Canada. +A comparison of specimens of similar ages showed that no subspecific +separation is justified although animals from the Yukon Territory, +British Columbia, and Northwest Territories, as compared with +available material from Alaska, tend to be grayer in color and longer +in total length with a slightly larger skull and greater alveolar +length of molariform tooth-row in both upper and lower jaws. + +Specimens used for comparison were from the following localities: +_Alaska_: Mts. near Eagle (USBS), 15; 200 mi. S Fort Yukon (USBS), 2; +Upper Little Delta River, Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 1; +Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 3; Little Delta River, Slate +Creek, Red Mt. Camp, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 1; Muldron Glacier, Mt. +McKinley (USBS), 2; Mt. McKinley (USBS), 3; Summit of Chugach Mts., on +Richardson Highway, N of Valdez (USBS), 1; Chitina River Glacier (Nat. +Mus. Canada), 3. _Yukon Territory_: McMillan Pass, Canol Road, mile +282 (Nat. Mus. Canada), 2; Rose River, Canol Road, mile 95 (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 8; Tepee Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1; Conrad (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 1; near Teslin Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. _Northwest +Territories_: headwaters of Caracajou River, Canol Road, mile 111E +(Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. _British Columbia_: White Mt., Moose Arm, +Tagish Lake, Atlin (Prov. Mus., Victoria, B.C.), 2. + + +Lepus americanus macfarlani Merriam + +Varying Hare + + _Lepus americanus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:30, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, near mouth of + Anderson River, Mackenzie, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: W side +Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 1; 5 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 14 +mi. N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn reports seeing few hares on his two trips to +Alaska. Near the Miniker River, a geologist told him that the numbers +of these animals had steadily declined since 1943. One of three seen +in a spruce forest on July 8, 1947, near Whitehorse was taken by +Alcorn. A young one was captured in a rat trap in a building near the +Teslin River on July 5 of the same year. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis A. H. Howell + +Red Squirrel + + _Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 49:135, August 22, 1936. (Type from Raspberry + Creek, about 30 mi. SE of Telegraph Creek, northern British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 18, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. SW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and +Liard River, 1; 1/4 mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 3; S side +Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 3; Summit Pass, 4200 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 8. + +_Remarks._--Rand (1944:42) experienced difficulty in assigning +subspecific names to red squirrels taken along the Alaska Highway in +northern British Columbia. Some variability as found by Rand is noted +in adults taken by Alcorn in this area. All of the specimens assigned +to _T. h. columbiensis_ have a darker tail and more tawny feet than +_T. h. preblei_. The average of skulls of adults is smaller than the +skull of an adult of _T. h. preblei_ from Yerrick Creek, Alaska. + +Alcorn obtained most of the squirrels in rat traps and steel traps, +using "chewed" rolled oats as well as bits of fish and mouse bodies as +bait. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus petulans (Osgood) + +Red Squirrel + + _Sciurus hudsonicus petulans_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:27, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Glacier, White Pass, Alaska.) + + _T[amiasciurus]. hudsonicus petulans_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 49:136, August 22, 1936. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 7, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. S Haines, +5 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; 11/2 mi. E +Tatshenshini River, 11/2mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 4. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from extreme southwestern Yukon Territory appear +to be referable to this subspecies. The one adult female (skull only, +with body measurements) from the southwestern end of Dezadeash Lake +has a shorter skull than does any adult female of _T. h. +columbiensis_. No skins of adults are in the series, but the skins of +three subadults have darker upper parts, a darker tail and less +olivaceous sides than _T. h. columbiensis_. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei A. H. Howell + +Red Squirrel + + _Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 49:133, August 22, 1936. (Type from Fort Simpson, + Mackenzie District, Northwestern Territories.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 1; N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. + +_Remarks._--In comparison with specimens of _T. h. hudsonicus_ from +Iskwasum Lake, District of the Pas, Manitoba, the squirrel from +Yerrick Creek, an adult female, is larger and paler on the upper parts +and tail. + +The squirrel taken at Yerrick Creek was captured in a rat trap; Alcorn +found these animals to be "fairly common" in that area. He obtained no +evidence that the natives use them for food. + + +Marmota monax ochracea Swarth + +Woodchuck + + _Marmota ochracea_ Swarth, Univ. California Publ. Zooel., 7:203, + February 18, 1911. (Type from Forty-mile Creek, Alaska.) + + _Marmota monax ochracea_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 37:34, + April 7, 1915. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1; 1/4 mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 2. + + +Citellus parryii plesius (Osgood) + +Parry Ground Squirrel + + _Spermophilis empetra plesius_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:29, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Bennett City, head of Lake Bennett, + British Columbia.) + + _Citellus paryii plesius_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 56:97, + May 18, 1938. + + +_Specimens examined._--Total 42, as follows: _Alaska_: Richardson +Highway, 2000 ft., 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta, 5. _Yukon +Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 +mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; 1 mi. NE +Whitehorse, 1; 1/2 mi. W Whitehorse, 2150 ft., 1; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E +Whitehorse, 7; 11/2 mi. E Tatshenshini River, 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E +Dalton Post, 3. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 14; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 +mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 7. + +_Remarks._--The specimens vary much in color; most color variation is +the result of wear and fading. In pallor of coloration the specimens +taken on August 16 along the Richardson Highway, 32 miles south and 4 +miles west of Big Delta, Alaska, show some resemblance to _C. p. +ablusus_, which occurs to the westward, although in other diagnostic +characters these specimens are typically _C. p. plesius_. + +Specimens in early stages of molt were taken on July 3, 4, and 14; +another specimen in an advanced stage of molt was obtained on July 10. +One melanistic individual was taken one mile northeast of Whitehorse +on July 11. + +Alcorn found these ground squirrels locally abundant, especially in +the vicinity of Whitehorse in Yukon Territory. A large population was +observed along the highway west of the Teslin River; animals were +seen for several miles along the road, principally in open coniferous +forests where there was little or no underbrush. Alcorn caught several +animals near the city dump at Whitehorse. Along the Richardson Highway +he observed these ground squirrels almost continuously for +approximately ten miles. He comments that the animals appeared to be +more numerous in the man-cleared areas along the highway than in +"unmolested areas farther back from the highway." Specimens were taken +with collecting gun and in rat traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats. + + +Eutamias minimus borealis (J. A. Allen) + +Least Chipmunk + + _Tamias asiaticus borealis_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, + p. 793, August, 1877. (Type from Fort Liard, Mackenzie, Canada.) + + _Eutamias minimus borealis_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, + August 4, 1922. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 10, as follows: _British Columbia_: N +side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker +River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 5; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 +mi. W. and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 +ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 2. + +_Remarks._--Specimens with worn pelage are conspicuously paler and +grayer than those in fresh pelage. Chipmunks in early stages of molt +with fresh pelage extending posteriorly to the middle of the dorsal +part of the back were taken on June 19, 20, and 22; others in fresh +pelage above, except for the hind quarters, were taken on June 15 and +on September 2. + +Alcorn found this species nowhere abundant; for example, in 187 museum +special traps set near Charlie Lake, 5 miles west and 3 miles north of +Fort St. John, in British Columbia, he took only one chipmunk. + + +Eutamias minimus caniceps Osgood + +Least Chipmunk + + _Eutamias caniceps_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:28, October 6, 1900. + (Type from Lake Lebarge, Yukon Territory.) + + _Eutamias minimus caniceps_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:184, + August 4, 1922. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 36, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. +SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, +3; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 +mi. S Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 10; 5 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1; W side Teslin River, 16 +mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 2; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, +2500 ft., 5. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard +River, 2; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 6; +Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 3. + +_Remarks._--Some of the specimens taken between Summit Pass and Toad +River show evidence of intergradation between the paler and grayer _E. +m. caniceps_ and the brighter and browner _E. m. borealis_. Rand +(1944:41) also found evidence of intergradation between these two +subspecies in this area. + +Along the highway, Alcorn found this species to be somewhat more +abundant in the Yukon Territory than in British Columbia. He often +found the animals occupying abandoned road camps; seemingly they were +more numerous in these areas than in undisturbed natural habitat. + + +Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus (Osgood) + +Flying Squirrel + + _Sciuropterus alpinus zaphaeus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 18:133, April 18, 1905. (Type from Helm Bay, Cleveland + Peninsula, southeastern Alaska.) + + _Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 44:43, + June 13, 1918. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: 11/2 mi. S and 3 +mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft. + +_Remarks._--Although comparative material is not available at this +writing, descriptions in the literature indicate that this single +adult female belongs to the coastal form, _G. s. zaphaeus_. In both +color and in cranial and external measurements, this specimen appears +to agree closely with descriptions given by Howell (1918:43) and by +Cowan (1937:78 and 82), although its measurements are also in the +range of those given for _G. s. alpinus_ by Cowan (_loc. cit._). It +may be pointed out that Swarth (1936:402) regarded a specimen from 15 +miles south of Atlin, British Columbia, as _G. s. alpinus_. + +Measurements of Alcorn's specimen are as follows: total length, 331; +tail, 143; hind foot, 42; ear from notch, 23; greatest length of +skull, 41.7; zygomatic breadth, 25.7; mastoid breadth, 21.7; length of +nasals, 12.2; length maxillary tooth-row, 8.2; interorbital +constriction, 8.2; and postorbital constriction, 9.0. + + +Castor canadensis sagittatus Benson + +Beaver + + _Castor canadensis sagittatus_ Benson, Jour. Mamm., 14:320, + November 13, 1933. (Type from Indianpoint Creek, 3200 ft., 16 mi. + NE Barkerville, British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: Fort Halkett, N +side Liard River. + +_Remarks._--Two beaver skulls obtained by Alcorn from trapper Johnny +Pie appear to be of this subspecies. Anderson (1947:133) records this +subspecies from the Liard River, in the area from which these +specimens were taken. The trapper told Alcorn that he shot these two +beavers in the winter of 1947-48 and hung the skulls in a tree. + + +Peromyscus maniculatus algidus Osgood + +White-footed Mouse + + _Peromyscus maniculatus algidus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 28:56, + April 17, 1909. (Type from head of Lake Bennett, site of old Bennett + City, British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 93, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 20; 1 mi. W Haines, 5 ft., +7. _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 10; McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 6; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W +side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 16; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 9; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 15. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 8. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from the localities listed above are in the +geographic range of _P. m. algidus_ as outlined by Anderson (1947: +136). Specimens from the vicinity of Haines, Alaska, are slightly +darker indicating intergradation with _P. m. hylaeus_; Osgood (1909a: +54 and 56) also noted that intergradation between _P. m. algidus_ and +_P. m. hylaeus_ occurs in this area. + + +Peromyscus maniculatus borealis Mearns + +White-footed Mouse + + _Peromyscus maniculatus borealis_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 24:102, May 15, 1911. Substitute name for _P. m. arcticus_ + Mearns. (Type from Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 214, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 2 mi. +W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 8; W side +Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 24; E side +Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 7. _British +Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 10; Hot Springs, +3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; N side Liard River, 1/2 +mi. W jct. Trout River and Liard River, 13; 1/4 mi. S jct. Trout River +and Liard River, 20; SE end Muncho Lake, 5; S side Toad River, 10 mi. +S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 45; N side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 9; North Fork Tetsa River, 3900 ft., 4 mi. ENE Summit +Pass, 13; Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, +17; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 18; Beatton River, 115 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 2; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 7. _Alberta_: +Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 10. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from 2 miles west of Teslin River resemble _P. +m. borealis_ more than _P. m. algidus_ both in size of skull and in +color, although I find it difficult to distinguish the specimens by +color. + +Alcorn, like Rand (1945:43), found the mouse in almost every habitat +along the Alaska Highway. On the east side of the Minaker River, one +mile west of Trutch, Alcorn took 26 _Peromyscus_ and four _Microtus_ +in 70 museum special traps baited with chewed rolled oats, set in a +grassy area where there were birches and clumps of willows. +_Peromyscus_ was usually abundant in old construction camps along the +highway; on July 27 in 50 traps set under abandoned buildings at +Summit Pass, Alcorn took 21 _Peromyscus_. Apparently, as Swarth +(1936:402) notes, the white-footed mouse makes itself at home in such +buildings, and local populations probably increase as a result of the +artificial environment that provides favorable conditions for +existence. + + +Neotoma cinerea drummondii (Richardson) + +Bushy-tailed Wood Rat + + _Myoxus drummondii_ Richardson, Zool. Jour., 3:517, 1828. (Type + probably from near Jasper House, Alberta, Canada.) + + _Neotoma cinerea drummondii_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 7:25, April 13, 1892. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _British Columbia_: Summit +Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W of Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W and 3 +mi. N Fort St. John, 3. + +_Remarks._--Wood rats were obtained at only two locations, Alcorn's +field notes indicating that the animals were rare and spotty in +distribution. Rand (1944:44) comments that the rats were "scarce north +of the Lower Liard Crossing." + +At both localities where specimens were taken, Alcorn noted first +their characteristic droppings. At Summit Pass, droppings were found +in a rock slide at the upper limit of timber line; one rat was taken. +At the trapping station five miles west and three miles north of Fort +St. John, droppings were found in and under an old abandoned building; +four young (two prepared) and one adult were obtained. + + +Synaptomys borealis dalli Merriam + +Northern Bog Lemming + + _Synaptomys_ (_Mictomys_) _dalli_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 10:62, March 19, 1896. (Type from Nulato, Alaska.) + + _Synaptomys borealis dalli_ A. B. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 50:24, + (June 30) August 5, 1927. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 6, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Deadman +Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 1. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre +Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 5. + +_Remarks._--The northern bog lemming is evidently not generally +distributed along the Alaska Highway but may be locally numerous in +cover of grass and sedge especially in marsh and bog habitat. Five +specimens were obtained in a grassy area 30 feet wide by 60 feet long +which was approximately 50 feet from McIntyre Creek in the Yukon +Territory. In 22 mouse traps set the first night in this locality, +three _Synaptomys_, six _Microtus_ and one _Sorex_ were taken. One +additional _Synaptomys_ was taken on each of the following two nights +in the same area. At Deadman Lake, Alaska, one _Synaptomys_ was taken +in heavy sedge bordering a small pond. + + +Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni (Merriam) + +Dawson Red-backed Mouse + + _Evotomys dawsoni_ Merriam, Amer. Nat., 22:650, July, 1888. + (Type from Finlayson River, a northern source of the Liard River, + lat. 61 deg. 30' N, long. 129 deg. 30' W, Yukon, Canada.) + + _Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni_ Rausch, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., + 40:135, April 21, 1950. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 126, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 17; 1 mi. SW +Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 +mi. E Fairbanks, 15; 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 3; Yerrick +Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 32; Tok Junction, 1600 ft., +1; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 9; 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 9; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1; E +side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2; 1 mi. S +Haines, 5 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: Jct. Grafe Creek and Edith Creek, +2; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 4; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W +side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 6; SW end Desadeash +Lake, 15. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 1; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and +21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 2. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from one mile northeast of Anchorage show little +tendency toward _C. r. orca_ from the Prince William Sound area (see +Orr, 1945:73). One specimen from this locality is slightly darker than +the others. + +Red-backed mice were numerous in most localities where Alcorn trapped. +A number of specimens were taken adjacent to and within abandoned road +camps, where second growth vegetation was rank. As in the case of _C. +gapperi_, he found _C. rutilus_ in varied habitats. + + +Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae (Preble) + +Red-backed Mouse + + _Evotomys gapperi athabascae_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 27:178, + October 26, 1908. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave Lake, Mackenzie + District, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae_ Harper, Jour. Mamm., 13:28, + February 9, 1932. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 14, as follows: _British Columbia_: N +side Muska River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker +River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 3; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 4. +_Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 6. + +_Remarks._--These red-backed mice were taken in various habitats: +grassy areas in aspen and poplar forest, heavy spruce forest with no +undergrowth excepting lichens and moss, thick underbrush in river +flood plain, and at the site of an old sawmill. The northwestern +distribution of this species along the Alaska Highway as found by +Alcorn is approximately the same as that found by Rand (1944:44). + + +Ondatra zibethicus spatulatus (Osgood) + +Muskrat + + _Fiber spatulatus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:36, October 6, 1900. + (Type from Lake Marsh, Yukon, Canada.) + + _Ondatra zibethica spatulata_ Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 231, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Alaska_: N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; E side Deadman +Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. NE Northway, 1. + +_Remarks._--One muskrat was shot in an old beaver pond on the north +side of the Salcha River. A skull from a carcass, that had been left +by a trapper the previous winter, was obtained at Deadman Lake. + + +Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii Preble + +Lemming Mouse + + _Phenacomys mackenzii_ Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:182, + August 6, 1902. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave River, Mackenzie, + Canada.) + + _Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii_ Crowe, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist, 80:403, February 4, 1943. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: SE end Dezadeash +Lake. + +_Remarks._--A subadult taken only a few miles from the Alaskan border +in Yukon Territory constitutes an extension of the known range of this +species to the northwest. The mouse is evidently rare or irregular in +its distribution since Alcorn did considerable trapping in the area +from which only one was taken. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus + +Pennsylvania Meadow Mouse + +The Pennsylvania meadow mouse is an abundant mammal along the Alaska +Highway. Alcorn obtained specimens at most of his trapping stations, +frequently in company with _Microtus oeconomus_ at the more northern +localities. A preferred habitat was grassy areas and willow clumps +along streams or at the edges of lakes. The best catches were made +along well-used runways, especially where there were piles of cut +grass. These runways were used also by _Clethrionomys_ and other small +animals. Specimens of _M. pennsylvanicus_ were frequently taken in +the daytime; one was taken on June 29 as it was swimming at the edge +of a small lake near the junction of the Liard River and Irons Creek +in British Columbia. + +Lacking sufficient comparative material in the past, most workers have +considered that _M. pennsylvanicus_ ranges without appreciable +geographic variation throughout most of northwestern Canada and +Alaska, where it has been referred to the subspecies, _M. p. +drummondii_. Dale (1940), in studying collections made in British +Columbia and southeastern Alaska, found evidence of geographic +variation and recognized two new subspecies; thus he not only pointed +out geographically variable characters but reduced the size of the +range ascribed to _M. p. drummondii_. A later work by Rand (1943) +considered the northwestern populations of _M. pennsylvanicus_ as +being too variable to show distinctive groupings. The large collection +made by Alcorn offers evidence that other separable subspecies with +constant characters are present. Study of this material indicates the +presence of two unnamed subspecies, which are named and described as +follows: + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus alcorni new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21552, Univ. Kansas, Mus. +Nat. Hist., 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 feet elevation, Yukon Territory, +Canada; 24 August 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5240. + +_Range._--Extreme southwestern Yukon Territory and adjacent parts of +Alaska as far south as Haines, as far north as Northway, and as far +west along the Alaskan coast as Anchorage and Tyonek. + +_Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); color of upper parts near +(_l_) Brussels Brown; skull noticeably ridged; zygomatic arches heavy, +rounded and relatively short; rostrum heavy; auditory bullae not +greatly expanded; maxillary teeth relatively heavy and low-crowned. + +_Comparisons._--From _M. p. drummondii_ (specimens from vicinity of +Whitehorse, Y. T., Trutch, B. C., and Kinuso, Alberta), _M. p. +alcorni_ differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements +taken except lengths of tail and hind foot, which are the same; color +of upper parts slightly paler and more gray and less brown; underparts +paler; zygomatic arches heavier, rounder and shorter; skull +proportionately more massive, except the auditory bullae which are +less inflated; maxillary teeth heavier and lower-crowned. + +From _M. p. rubidus_ (specimens from Atlin, B. C.), _M. p. alcorni_ +differs as follows: Averaging larger in all cranial measurements taken +except length of the maxillary tooth-row which is the same; color of +upperparts more gray and less brown; underparts darker; skull longer +with longer nasals and heavier zygomatic arches; skull of adult more +heavily ridged. + +From _M. p. admiraltiae_ (specimens from Admiralty Island), _M. p. +alcorni_ differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements +taken; color of upper parts more gray and less brown, underparts +darker. + +_Remarks._--_Microtus p. alcorni_ is a well-defined subspecies +differing markedly from adjacent subspecies by a larger and heavier +skull and broader, more rounded and heavier zygomatic arches. +Characters examined in the specimens available are constant. Specimens +from Haines are slightly darker than those from Kluane. An adult (No. +21534, UKMNH) from Northway has slightly more inflated auditory bullae +than those from Kluane. An adult from Tyonek (No. 986, UKMNH) has +richer brown upper parts. Measurements of this specimen resemble +closely those of animals from Kluane, although the rostrum is +noticably heavier. + +Several adults were available from many of the localities of +occurrence of _M. p. alcorni_. At the locality 9 miles west and 4 +miles north of Haines, there were four which were considered to be old +adults. These four had larger measurements than others considered to +be fully adult. In addition, the skulls were larger and more rugged. +There were occasionally old adults in other series. For the sake of +uniformity, I have not considered these aforementioned old adults in +the comparative studies of younger adults. This subspecies is named in +honor of J(oseph). R(aymond). Alcorn, the collector. + +_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six adults of +both sexes of _M. p. alcorni_ from the type locality are as follows: +Total length, 162 (149-172); length of tail, 43 (39-45); condylobasal +length, 26.3 (25.6-26.3); basal length, 25.2 (24.2-25.9); length of +nasals, 7.3 (6.9-7.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 (14.9-15.6); breadth +across auditory bullae, 12.8 (12.4-13.2); alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.4 (6.1-6.7). Seven adults of both sexes from 9 +miles west and 4 miles north of Haines have the following +measurements: 158 (148-165); 45 (41-50); 26.1 (25.5-26.8); 24.8 +(24.4-25.7); 7.3 (7.0-7.6); 14.9 (14.3-15.1); 12.2 (11.8-13.0); 6.2 +(5.9-6.3). + +_Specimens examined._--Total 65, distributed by localities of capture +as follows and deposited in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural +History: _Alaska_: E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, +7; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Tyonek, Cook's Inlet, 1; E side +Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 37. _Yukon +Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 14; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2; +11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. Specimens reported by +Osgood (1904:35) have not been seen by me but may be of this +subspecies, and are tentatively referred to it. These are from the +following localities in Alaska: Lake Clark near Keejik, near the mouth +of the Chulitna River, and Kakhtul River near the junction with the +Malchatna. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus tananaensis new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21509, Univ. Kansas, Mus. +Nat. Hist., Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, Alaska; +20 July 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5023. + +_Range._--East-central Alaska as far south as Tok Junction, as far +west as Mt. McKinley, as far north as Fairbanks and as far east as +Eagle. + +_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements); color of upper parts +dark, near (_n_) Prout's Brown, with some individual variation; skull +with zygomatic arches moderately heavy and wide; nasals relatively +long; auditory bullae inflated. + +_Comparisons._--From _M. p. alcorni_ (see description), _M. p. +tananaensis_ differs as follows: Smaller in all measurements taken +except alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row which is the +same; color of upper parts darker, more richly brown and less gray; +underparts darker; zygomatic arches less massive and narrower; +auditory bullae larger and more inflated. + +From _M. p. drummondii_ (see comparisons under _M. p. alcorni_), _M. +p. tananaensis_ differs as follows: Larger in all cranial measurements +taken except nasal length which is the same; color everywhere slightly +darker; wider across zygomatic arches; zygoma thicker; nasals, +relative to length of skull, shorter; auditory bullae larger and more +inflated. + +_Remarks._--For the most part the material available of this +subspecies consisted of subadults; however, comparison of adults with +those of adjacent subspecies indicates that this subspecies can be +distinguished by color of the upper parts, cranial measurements, and +size of the zygomatic arches and the auditory bullae. Specimens from +14 miles east and 25 miles north of Fairbanks are especially dark. One +subadult (No. 21467, UKMNH) has blackish hair on the feet and a +blackish unicolored tail. No. 241696, USBS, an old adult female, from +Ketchumstock, is larger. + +The specimens referred to this subspecies, vary some in color, but +vary less in cranial characters. Additional adults are needed from +western Alaska to determine how far this subspecies extends down the +valley of the Yukon River. Bailey (1900:24) lists one specimen from +Nulato, as _drummondii_; I have not seen it but on geographic grounds +tentatively assign it to _M. p. tananaensis_. + +_Measurements._--Measurements of the type specimen are as follows: +Total length, 160; length of tail, 40; condylobasal length, 26.0; +basal length, 24.9; length of nasals, 6.7; zygomatic breadth, 14.5; +breadth across auditory bullae, 12.5; alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.2. Two specimens from Eagle (Nos. 128295 and +128320, USBS) have the following measurements respectively: 161, 154; +37.5, 36; 25.3, 25.4; 23.8, 23.9; 6.5, 6.8; 14.5, 14.6; 11.9, 12.3; +6.1, 6.1. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 34, distributed by localities of capture +as follows and unless otherwise stated in the University of Kansas +Museum of Natural History: _Alaska_: Near Buster Creek, Chatanika +River, 1 (USBS); Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N +Fairbanks, 4; Fairbanks, 2 (USBS); head of Glacier Creek, Mt. +McKinley, 1 (USBS); Moose Creek, Mt. McKinley, 2 (USBS); head of +Toklat River, 1 (USBS); Eagle, 4 (USBS); Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 +mi. N Tok Junction, 13; Ketchumstock, 2 (USBS); 9 mi. from mouth of +Robertson River, 1 (USBS); Tanana, 3 (USBS); Tanana Crossing, 1 +(USBS). Osgood (1909b:24) records specimens which may be of this +subspecies from the following localities in Alaska: Charlie Creek, +Circle, 20 miles above Circle, 40 miles above Circle, Nation Creek, +and Seventy Mile Creek. Osgood (1900:36) also records specimens from +near Fort Yukon. None of these has been seen by me; they are only +tentatively assigned to this subspecies. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii (Audubon and Bachman) + + _Arvicola drummondii_ Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. North Amer., + 3:166, 1854. (Type, by subsequent designation, from vicinity of + Jasper House, Alberta.) + + _Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii_ Hollister, Canadian Alp. Jour., + Special Number, p. 23, February 17, 1913. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 93, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 26; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 4; 5 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 7; E side Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 +mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. +Irons Creek and Liard River, 8; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 3; N side Liard River, 1/2 mi. W jct. Liard River +and Trout River, 1; 1/4 mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 13; S +side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit Pass, +4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 2; E side Minaker River, +1 mi. W Trutch, 19; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W +and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 2. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 +mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 4. + +_Remarks._--Adults among the specimens listed above vary but little; +one female from Assineau River in Alberta is notably more reddish than +others taken elsewhere. + +Average and extreme measurements of nine adults of both sexes of _M. +p. drummondii_ from E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, British +Columbia, are as follows: Total length, 157 (148-165); length of tail, +42 (37-46); condylobasal length, 25.1 (24.7-26.0); basal length, 24.2 +(23.4-25.0); length of nasals, 6.8 (6.4-7.2); zygomatic breadth, 14.4 +(13.9-14.7); breadth across auditory bullae, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); +alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.1 (6.0-6.2); Nine +adults of both sexes from McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 miles northwest +of Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, have the following measurements: 153 +(147-168); 40 (33-47); 24.9 (24.2-25.5); 24.0 (23.6-24.6); 6.6 +(6.2-7.2); 14.4 (13.9-15.1); 12.1 (11.7-12.5); 6.1 (6.0-6.2). + + +Microtus _cf._ cantator Anderson + +Yukon Singing Mouse + + _Microtus cantator_ Anderson, Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 102, + Biol. Ser. No. 31:161, [for 1946], January 24, 1947. (Type "taken + in tundra-slide above timber-line on mountain top near Tepee Lake + on north slope of St. Elias Range," Yukon Territory, Canada.) + +_Specimen examined._--One from _Alaska_: Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N +and 1 mi. E Paxson. + +_Remarks._--The single adult male, obtained by Alcorn, has been +compared by Dr. Henry W. Setzer with specimens of _Microtus muriei_ +Nelson, _M. miurus miurus_ Osgood, and _M. m. oreas_ Osgood in the +United States National Museum. He reports that the specimen is related +most closely to _M. miurus_ but exhibits characters by which it is, at +least, subspecifically distinct from these two forms of this species. +Three specimens of _M. andersoni_ Rand and one of _M. cantator_ +Anderson, borrowed from the National Museum of Canada are less mature +than the specimen in question. Even so, the male from Fish Creek is +less gray than _M. andersoni_ and as seen from measurements of the +type, an adult male (Rand, 1945:42), is larger with longer tail and +has a shorter and narrower skull and is judged to be taxonomically +separable. _M. cantator_ was named from two specimens; both the +paratype (seen by me) and seemingly the type are too young to show +clearly subspecific characters. Alcorn's specimen is tentatively +referred to _M. cantator_ until some adult topotypes can be obtained. +Measurements of the male, No. 21539, from Fish Creek, are: Total +length, 152; length of tail, 30; hind foot, 22; condylobasal length, +28.0; basal length, 26.6; length of nasals, 7.1; zygomatic breadth, +13.8; breadth across auditory bullae, 11.5; least interorbital +breadth, 3.3; alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.2. + +Alcorn took this specimen in an area above timberline where a low +growth of willow was the dominant vegetation. Traps were set where he +had seen a mouse go into a small burrow. The next morning, August 18, +1947, he found this specimen and two _Microtus oeconomus macfarlani_ +in his traps. + +Microtines of the subgenus _Stenocranius_ from continental areas of +Alaska and Northwestern Canada are represented in collections by a few +specimens from widely separated localities. Lacking material from +intermediate localities, describers have given specific recognition to +several of these isolated populations. Future collecting will be +necessary to disclose whether the North American mice of this subgenus +belong to one or to more than one species and may disclose whether or +not there has been more than one invasion of the North American +continent by members of this Asiatic group. + + +Microtus longicaudus vellerosus J. A. Allen + +Long-tailed Meadow Mouse + + _Microtus vellerosus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., + 12:7, March 4, 1899. (Type from upper Liard River, British Columbia, + Canada.) + + _Microtus longicaudus vellerosus_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian + Field-Nat., 58:20, April 1, 1944. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 127, as follows: _Alaska_: N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1. _Yukon Territory_: +6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 10; 1/2 mi. W Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 18; 11/2 +mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 24. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, +20; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 4; 1/4 mi. +S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 15; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S +and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 27; SE end Muncho Lake, 4; Summit Pass, 4500 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from 11/2 miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton +Post and from Dezadeash Lake in Yukon Territory and from Stonehouse +Creek in British Columbia are referred to _M. l. vellerosus_ although +in color of upper parts they show close relationship with _M. l. +littoralis_. These specimens are less gray and more brown than +specimens more typical of _M. l. vellerosus_ from the Liard River +area. + +Alcorn found the long-tailed meadow mouse in widely separated areas. +Most specimens were obtained in grassy situations near water or on +moist ground. The single male from Summit Pass in British Columbia was +taken above timberline. + + +Microtus longicaudus littoralis Swarth + +Long-tailed Meadow Mouse + + _Microtus mordax littoralis_ Swarth, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 46:209, October 26, 1933. (Type from Shakan, Prince of Wales Island, + Alaska.) + + _Microtus longicaudus littoralis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:491, + November 14, 1938. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 29, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 9; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +20. + +_Remarks._--In comparison with the series of _M. l. vellerosus_ from +the Liard River area, the long-tailed meadow mice from near Haines are +more reddish brown, have a longer tail, and have a smaller skull with +smaller auditory bullae. This subspecies is restricted to the coastal +area, and as noted under the account of _M. l. vellerosus_, +intergradation between these two forms occurs a relatively short +distance inland. + + +Microtus oeconomus macfarlani Merriam + +Tundra Mouse + + _Microtus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:24, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, Anderson River, + Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Microtus oec[onomus] macfarlani_ Zimmerman, Archiv f. Naturgesch., + 11:187, September 12, 1942. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 70, as follows: _Alaska_: Circle, 664 +ft., 1; Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 13; +Twelve Mile Summit, 3225 ft., Steese Highway, 6; 1 mi. SW Fairbanks, +440 ft., 3; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E +Fairbanks, 28; Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 9; +Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson, 3; Glenn Highway, 6 +mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1. _Yukon Territory_: Jct. Grafe and Edith +Creeks, 1; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1. +_British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek +and Kelsall River, 2. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn found the tundra mouse in many of the localities at +which he trapped in east-central Alaska. Specimens were taken above +timberline, along roads, in grassy areas which had been cleared of +timber, and in low vegetation bordering streams. On August 17 at Fish +Creek, 5 miles north and 1 mile east of Paxson, Alaska, Alcorn +obtained one of these mice in a tree in the daytime. Immature +specimens taken at Stonehouse Creek are, to my knowledge, the first +records for this species in British Columbia. + + +Mus musculus Linnaeus + +House Mouse + + _[Mus] musculus_ Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:62, 1758. + (Type from Upsala, Sweden.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 6, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, 2259 ft., 3 +mi. NW Whitehorse, 2; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1. _Alberta_: +Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn took house mice in and near areas inhabited by man. +One mouse was taken near Whitehorse on July 10 under a building which +had not been occupied for one year. Another was taken at the +Whitehorse city dump. Near Kinuso, one specimen was obtained at the +site of an old sawmill. + + +Zapus hudsonius hudsonius (Zimmermann) + +Meadow Jumping Mouse + + _Dipus hudsonius_ Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., 2:358, 1780. + (Type from Hudson Bay, Canada.) + + _Zapus hudsonius_ Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., + ser. 2, 1:253, January 8, 1876. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 8, as follows: _British Columbia_: 1 mi. +NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 3; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 1; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, +1; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, +1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--The jumping mice listed above have been compared with +specimens of _Z. h. hudsonius_ from Ontario and Michigan. The zone of +contact between _Z. h. hudsonius_ and _Z. h. alascensis_ is still +unknown; Alcorn obtained no specimens between Irons Creek and +Whitehorse. To my knowledge there are no records from this extensive +area. + +Alcorn took _Zapus_ in grassy areas at the edge of water, in an old +gravel pit, and at the site of an old sawmill. Animals were taken as +early as June 30 and as late as September 2. + + +Zapus hudsonius alascensis Merriam + +Meadow Jumping Mouse + + _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:223, July 15, 1897. (Type from Yakutat Bay, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 18, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. SW +Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 +mi. N Haines, 8. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 4; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4. + +_Remarks._--Specimens taken by Alcorn were compared with +representatives of both _Z. princeps_ (Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon) and _Z. +hudsonius_ (Ontario, Michigan, Kansas, Wyoming). All have been +referred to _Z. hudsonius_ although one female from Stonehouse Creek +shows some tendency toward _Z. princeps_ in external measurements, +length of upper molariform tooth-row, and length of incisive foramina. + + +Erethizon dorsatum myops Merriam + +Porcupine + + _Erethizon epixanthus myops_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:27, March 14, 1900. (Type from Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula, + Alaska.) + + _Erethizon dorsatum myops_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian Jour. Res., + 21:293, September 24, 1943. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Alaska_: Yerrick Creek, +21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. _Yukon Territory_: 2 mi. W +Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn found little evidence of porcupines along the +highway. The female from the Teslin River was found under a building. +The female from Yerrick Creek was in dense underbrush in a spruce +forest and weighed 20 pounds. + + +Canis latrans incolatus Hall + +Coyote + + _Canis latrans incolatus_ Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:369, + November 5, 1934. (Type from Isaacs Lake, 3000 ft., Bowron Lake + region, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 25 mi. +NW Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 1. + + +Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot + +Wolf + + _Canis pambasileus_ Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:79, + February 21, 1905. (Type from Susitna River, region of Mount McKinley, + Alaska.) + + _Canis lupus pambasileus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 18:45, + February 14, 1937. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; Marshall +Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn reported wolf sign at many of his camps along the +highway. Skulls were obtained from trappers. + + +Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson + +Wolf + + _Canis lupus occidentalis_ Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, + 1:60, 1829. (Type not designated, restricted to Fort Simpson, + Mackenzie, Canada, by Miller, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 59 (no. 15):4, + June 8, 1912.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: Buckinghorse +River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + +Canis lupus columbianus Goldman + +Wolf + + _Canis lupus columbianus_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 54:110, September 30, 1941. (Type from Wistaria, north side of Ootsa + Lake, Coast District, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, 10 +mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + + +Vulpes fulva abietorum Merriam + +Red Fox + + _Vulpes alascensis abietorum_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:669, December 28, 1900. (Type from Stuart Lake, British Columbia, + Canada.) + + _Vulpes fulva abietorum_ Bailey, Nature Mag., 28:317, November 1936. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 11, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. +SW Kluane, 2559 ft., 1; Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 6; +Champagne, N side Dezadeash River, 3; 11/2 mi. E Tatshenshini River, 11/2 +mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 1. + +_Remarks._--Specimens obtained are skulls only, mostly taken in the +winter months by trappers. One fox was found dead with porcupine +quills stuck in and around its mouth. + + +Ursus americanus cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman + +Black Bear + + _Ursus americanus var. cinnamomum_ Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. + North Amer., 3; 125, 1854. (Type from Northern Rocky Mountains.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: 10 mi. +W Fort Nelson, 1; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 2. + +_Remarks._--One large, unsexed skull from Buckinghorse River with part +of the rostrum gone has the frontal shield strongly dished. A young +adult female taken 10 miles west of Fort Nelson on August 23, 1948, +has the following external measurements: Total length, 1345; tail, 65; +hind foot, 256; ear from notch, 135. + + +Ursus species + +Grizzly + +_Specimens examined._--Total 5, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E +Dalton Post, 1; Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post, 2. +_British Columbia_: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1. + +_Remarks._--Of three specimens obtained at the Unahini River, two +males resemble each other closely, while the third, an old adult +represented by an unsexed skull with broken cranium, is markedly +different, the skull being noticeably shorter with shorter rostrum and +lower jaw and other distinctive features. It closely resembles the +skull of an adult male taken at the Aishihik River. Furthermore, the +first two animals show close relationships with an unsexed skull which +Alcorn obtained at the Buckinghorse River in British Columbia. + +Two males taken at the Unahini River in the Yukon Territory have the +following external measurements: Total length, 1933, 1812; tail, 150, +96; hind foot, 262, 260; ear from notch, 129, 131. Other specimens, +skulls only, obtained from native hunters, are partly broken. Alcorn +writes that the local hunters always shoot a grizzly in the head to be +certain that it is dead. + + +Mustela erminea arctica (Merriam) + +Ermine + + _Putorius arcticus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:15, June 30, 1896. + (Type from Point Barrow, Alaska.) + + _Mustela erminea arctica_ Ognev, The mammals of U. S. S. R. and + adjacent countries, 3:31, 1935. + +_Specimens examined._--Four from _Alaska_: N side Salcha River, 600 +ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks. + +_Remarks._--One ermine was caught in a rat trap; the others were taken +within 50 yards of the trapped animal by attracting them with +squeaking calls to within shooting range. One of the weasels +approached to within ten feet of Alcorn, while he was making the +mentioned call. + + +Mustela erminea richardsonii Bonaparte + +Ermine + + _Mustela richardsonii_ Bonaparte, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., + 2:38, January, 1838. (Type from Fort Franklin, at western end of + Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Mustela erminea richardsonii_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, + July 19, 1945. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse. + + +Mustela erminea alascensis (Merriam) + +Ermine + + _Putorius richardsonii alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:12, + June 30, 1896. (Type from Juneau, Alaska.) + + _Mustela erminea alascensis_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, + July 19, 1945. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Alaska_: E side Chilkat River, 100 +ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. + + +Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs) + +Mink + + _Putorius vison energumenos_ Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 27:5, March, 1896. (Type from Sumas, British Columbia, Canada.) + + _Mustela vison energumenos_ Miller, North Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 101, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One (broken and unsexed skull) from _Yukon +Territory_: Champagne, N side Dezadeash River. + +_Remarks._--While studying moose at Medicine Lake, near Circle Hot +Springs, Alaska, on August 9, 1947, Alcorn observed some mink +concerning which he records the following: "After waiting about an +hour a large mink was seen traveling northward on land at the edge of +the lake. It continued and went out of sight. I waited about two +minutes and then started a series of loud squeaks. To our surprise we +soon saw what we judged was the same mink. In company with this mink +were five others.... These mink were much interested in the squeaking +noise and some came within 10 feet of me. They stayed on land most of +the time but some of them made short swims a few feet out into the +lake. One had a white chin, another had a white spot on its chest. +This group may have been an adult female with her young." + + +Martes pennanti columbiana Goldman + +Fisher + + _Martes pennanti columbiana_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 48:176, November 15, 1935. (Type from Stuart Lake, near headwaters + of Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. +N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1; N side Liard River, Fort +Halkett, 1. + + +Martes americana actuosa (Osgood) + +Marten + + _Mustela americana actuosa_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:43, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Fort Yukon, Alaska.) + + _Martes americana actuosa_ Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 93, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: N side Liard River +Fort Halkett, 1. + + +Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr + +Canada Lynx + + _Lynx canadensis_ Kerr, Anim. Kingd., vol. 1, systematic catalogue + inserted between pages 32 and 33 (description, p. 157), 1792. (Type + from Eastern Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. _British Columbia_: 14 mi. +N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 2; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 1. + + +Alces americana gigas Miller + +Moose + + _Alces gigas_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:57, + May 29, 1899. (Type from North side Tustumena Lake, Kenai Peninsula, + Alaska.) + + _Alces americanus gigas_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 24:29, + November 23, 1904. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: 15 mi. NW Kelsall +Lake. + + +Oreamnos americanus columbiae Hollister + +Mountain Goat + + _Oreamnos montanus columbianus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 20:20, February 10, 1904. Not _Capra columbiana_ Desmilins, + 1823. + + _Oreamnos americanus columbiae_ Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 25:186, December 24, 1912. (Type from Shesley Mountains, + northern British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: 12 mi. S jct. +Liard River and Trout River. + +_Remarks._--Two skulls of male goats were obtained from a trapper, +Johnny Pie, who shot them on July 4, 1948. Field notes indicate that +both mountain goats and mountain sheep are frequently taken by natives +in the Liard River area. + + +Ovis dalli stonei Allen + +Northern Mountain Sheep + + _Ovis stonei_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:111, + April 8, 1897. (Type from headwaters of the Stikine River, + British Columbia, Canada.) + + _Ovis dalli stonei_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:28, + March 4, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Summit Pass, 4200 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson. + +_Remarks._--The specimen has the following external measurements: +Total length, 1474; tail, 84; length of hind foot, 400; ear from +notch, 91. The individual is a male, seven years old, as judged by the +rings of growth on the horns. The skull is accompanied by a skin now +tanned for study purposes. + + + + + LITERATURE CITED + + + Anderson, R. M. + 1937. Mammals and birds of the Western Arctic District, Northwest + Territories, Canada. Reprinted from Canada's Western + Northland, Dept. of Interior, Ottawa, pp. 97-122, 5 figs., + 1 map, July 9. + 1947. Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. Nat. Mus. Canada, + Bull. 102, Biol. Ser. 31:v+238 pp., [for 1946], January 24. + + Bailey, V. + 1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. N. Amer. + Fauna, 17:1-88, 5 pls., 17 figs., June 6. + + Cowan, I. M. + 1937. The distribution of flying squirrels in western British + Columbia with the description of a new race. Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 50:77-82, June 22. + + Dale, F. H. + 1940. Geographic variation in the meadow mouse in British Columbia + and southeastern Alaska. Jour. Mamm., 21:332-340, August 14. + + Howell, A. H. + 1918. Revision of the American flying squirrels. N. Amer. Fauna, + 44:1-64, 7 pls., 4 figs., June 13. + 1924. Revision of the American pikas. N. Amer. Fauna, 47:1-57, + 6 pls., 4 figs., August 21. + + Jackson, H. H. T. + 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews. N. + Amer. Fauna, 51:i-vi+1-238, 13 pls., 24 figs., July. + + Orr, R. T. + 1945. A study of the _Clethrionomys dawsoni_ group of red-backed + mice. Jour. Mamm., 26:67-74, February 27. + + Osgood, W. H. + 1900. Results of a biological reconnaissance of the Yukon River + region. N. Amer. Fauna, 19:1-100, 7 pls., October 6. + 1904. A biological reconnaissance of the base of the Alaska + Peninsula. N. Amer. Fauna, 24:1-86, 7 pls., November 23. + 1909a. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. + N. Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., 12 figs., April 17. + 1909b. Biological investigations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. + N. Amer. Fauna, 30:1-96, 5 pls., October 7. + + Rand, A. L. + 1943. Canadian forms of the meadow mouse (_Microtus + pennsylvanicus_). Canadian Field-Nat., 57:115-123, + January 24. + 1944. The southern half of the Alaska highway and its mammals. + Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 98, Biol. Ser. No. 27:1-50, + 21 pls., 1 fig. + 1945. Mammal investigations on the Canol Road, Yukon and Northwest + Territories, 1944. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 99, + Biol. Ser. No. 28:1-52, 20 pls., 1 fig. + + Swarth, H. S. + 1936. Mammals of the Atlin region, northwestern British Columbia. + Jour. Mamm., 17:398-405, November 14. + + +_Transmitted April 9, 1951._ + + + + + * * * * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes + + The text presented is essentially that in the original printed + document with the exception of some minor punctuation changes and + the typographical corrections detailed below. + + +Typographical Corrections + + Page 103 under Dawson Red-backed Mouse: Territoy => Territory + Page 104 under Muskrat: Mann. => Mamm. + Page 114 under Red Fox: procupine => porcupine + + + * * * * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. 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