diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:00:28 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:00:28 -0700 |
| commit | c02da04467d62504104a8e546c594f1a2b7634f3 (patch) | |
| tree | 7e30264f4073a00377bbd43dd5f537a375dc0ede | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915-8.txt | 2223 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 29936 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 91427 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915-h/33915-h.htm | 2536 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915-h/images/fig_1.png | bin | 0 -> 57590 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915-h/images/union_label.png | bin | 0 -> 1238 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915.txt | 2223 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 33915.zip | bin | 0 -> 29919 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
11 files changed, 6998 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/33915-8.txt b/33915-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d190ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2223 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway + +Author: Rollin H. Baker + +Release Date: October 19, 2010 [EBook #33915] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + + Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway + + + BY + + ROLLIN H. BAKER + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + + Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text + November 28, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + LAWRENCE + 1951 + + + + + University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, + Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text + November 28, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1951 + [Union Label] + 23-7607 + + + + +Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway + +BY + +ROLLIN H. BAKER + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +Mammals from along the Alaska Highway were obtained for the University +of Kansas Museum of Natural History in the summers of 1947 and 1948 by +Mr. J. R. Alcorn, field representative of the Museum. He and his +family visited Alberta, British Columbia, the Yukon Territory and +Alaska in an automobile and trailer from June 9, 1947, to September 6, +1947, and again from June 8, 1948, to August 24, 1948. In 1947, +considerable time was spent by Alcorn in Alaska; trips were made on +the Steese Highway to Circle and on the Glenn Highway to Anchorage. In +1948, most of the collecting was done in British Columbia and in the +Yukon Territory but a side trip was taken to Haines, Alaska. The +collecting stations are shown in figure 1. Alcorn's 1,252 specimens +include several large series from areas where few or no mammals had +been taken previously. Time spent at each collecting station was of +short duration (usually less than three days) and although 56 species +and subspecies of mammals are represented in the collections, it is +recognized that not all of the kinds of mammals at any one locality +were taken. + +For the loan of comparative mammalian material, grateful +acknowledgment is made to officials of the following institutions: +California Academy of Sciences; Biological Surveys collection of the +U. S. National Museum; Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C.; National +Museum of Canada. The promptness of officials of the game commissions +of the provinces and territories concerned, in providing permits for +collecting also is acknowledged. A part of the funds for field work +was made available by a grant from the Kansas University Endowment +Association. Elevations above sea level are given in feet. Capitalized +color terms refer to those in Ridgway, Color Standards and Color +Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912. + + + [Illustration: Fig. 1. Map showing localities where J. R. Alcorn + collected mammals in Alaska, Yukon Territory, British Columbia, + and Alberta, in 1947 and 1948.] + + + + +COLLECTING LOCALITIES SHOWN IN FIGURE 1. + + + Alaska + + 1. Circle. + + 2. Twelve Mile Summit, Steese Highway. + + 3. Chatanika River, 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks. + + 4. 1 mi. SW Fairbanks. + + 5. North side Salcha River, 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks. + + 6. Richardson Highway, 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta. + + 7. Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction. + + 8. Tok Junction. + + 9. Fish Creek, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson. + + 10. East side Deadman Lake, 15 mi. SE Northway. + + 11. Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake. + + 12. 1 mi. NE Anchorage. + + 13. East side Chilkat River, 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. + + 14. 1 mi. S Haines. + + + Yukon Territory + + To avoid undue crowding, or overlapping, of symbols, two or more + collecting localities, in some instances, are represented by a + single symbol (solid circle) in figure 1. + + 15. Junction Grafe and Edith Creeks. + + 16. 6 mi. SW Kluane. + + 17. East side Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon. + + 18. 25 mi. NW Whitehorse. + + 19. { 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse. + { McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse. + { 1 mi. NE Whitehorse. + { ½ mi. W Whitehorse. + + 20. West side Lewes River, 2 mi. S Whitehorse. + + 21. { Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River. + { Champagne, North side Dezadeash Lake. + { SW end Dezadeash Lake. + + 22. { 5 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse. + { 2 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse. + { West side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse. + { East side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse. + + 23. { Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post. + { Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post. + + 24. 1½ mi. E Tatshenshini River, 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E + Dalton Post. + + + British Columbia + + 25. 1 mi. NW junction of Irons Creek and Liard River. + + 26. Screw Creek, 10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + + 27. { 15 mi. NW Kelsall Lake. + { Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and + { Kelsall River. + + 28. 14 mi. N Fort Halkett, West side Smith River. + + 29. West side Mt. Glave, 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake. + + 30. North side Liard River, Fort Halkett. + + 31. { Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW junction Trout River and Liard River. + { North side Liard River, ½ mi. W junction Trout River and + { Liard River. + { ¼ mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River. + + 32. 12 mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River. + + 33. { NE end Muncho Lake. + { SE end Muncho Lake. + + 34. 10 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 35. North side Muskwa River, 4 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 36. South side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake. + + 37. Summit Pass, 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 38. North Fork Tetsa River, 4 mi. ENE Summit Pass. + + 39. East side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch. + + 40. Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + 41. Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + 42. 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John. + + + Alberta + + 43. Assineau River, 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso. + + + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES + + +Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex arcticus cinereus_ Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 206, 1792. + (Type from Fort Severn, Ontario, Canada.) + + _Sorex cinereus cinereus_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, + February 9, 1925. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 56, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 3; N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 10; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 2; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 +mi. SE Northway, 1. _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 2; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 2; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 4; 1½ mi. S +and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 10. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse +Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 9; Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; ¼ mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 4; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. +_Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--Shrews from extreme northwestern British Columbia +(Stonehouse Creek) average slightly larger than typical S. c. +cinereus, especially in length of tail. These animals show definite +evidence of intergradation with the larger subspecies, _S. c. +streatori_, but are referable to _S. c. cinereus_. The pallor of some +shrews from east-central Alaska (Chatanika River and Salcha River) +suggests intergradation with the pale _S. c. hollisteri_. + +Alcorn found the cinereous shrew at most of his trapping stations. It +was captured in mouse traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats; one was +taken in a trap baited with a grasshopper. Rand (1944:35) and Alcorn +each found this shrew to be one of the commoner mammals along the +Alaska Highway, but Alcorn did not find it to be so abundant as some +of the rodents in areas in which he trapped. The cinereous shrew was +taken principally in moist woodlands, grassy areas, and adjacent to +water. One female taken on July 18 was lactating. + + +Sorex cinereus streatori Merriam + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex personatus streatori_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:62, + December 31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.) + + _Sorex cinereus streatori_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, + February 9, 1925. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 19, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 10; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +9. + +_Remarks._--Average and extreme external measurements of the nine +adult specimens from 1 mile south of Haines are as follows: Total +length, 103 (98-105); tail, 45 (43-46); and condylobasal length, 16.2 +(16.0-16.4). Corresponding measurements of an adult specimen (No. +1676, UKMNH) from Sitka, Alaska, are 108, 47, and 16.5. Measurements +of ten adult specimens from the Chilkat River, 9 miles west and 4 +miles north of Haines, are 100 (91-106), 44 (40-50), 16.0 (15.5-16.5). +The slightly smaller average size of the latter specimens indicates a +trend toward the smaller _S. c. cinereus_, which occurs farther +inland. Skulls of some of the specimens from the Chilkat River have a +more slender rostrum than those of the specimens from 1 mile south of +Haines, and more nearly resemble _S. c. cinereus_ in this respect. +Evidently, as indicated by Jackson (1928:54), _S. c. streatori_ +occupies only an extremely narrow strip of mainland in the vicinity of +Haines. + + +Sorex cinereus hollisteri Jackson + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex cinereus hollisteri_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:55, + February 9, 1925. (Type from St. Michael, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft. + +_Remarks._--Both specimens of this pale subspecies were trapped, along +with six _Clethrionomys_ and one _Mus_, in a grassy area bordered on +one side by the road and on the other by a spruce forest. No. 21069, +[male]?, taken on August 21, is in molt, with one patch of new fur on +the rump and another along the midline of the nape and shoulders. + + +Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex obscurus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, 1895. + (Type from near Timber Creek, altitude 8200 ft., Salmon River + Mountains, now Lemhi Mountains, 10 miles west of Junction, Lemhi + County, Idaho.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 12, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 2; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1. _British +Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 4; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E +Kelsall Lake, 1; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard +River, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N +Kinuso, 2. + +_Remarks._--Some of the shrews taken in extreme southwestern Yukon +Territory (1½ miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton Post) and in +extreme northwestern British Columbia (Stonehouse Creek and Mt. Glave) +show evidence of intergradation with the coastal subspecies, _S. o. +alascensis_, in length of hind foot. These individuals have a long +hind foot (14 and 15); the hind feet of specimens from the other +localities listed measure 13 and 14. + +Alcorn, like Rand (1944:35), found the dusky shrew to be less common +than the cinereous shrew; both were taken in the same trap lines. The +dusky shrew was taken at a higher altitude (4000 feet, on Mt. Glave) +than the cinereous shrew. + + +Sorex obscurus shumaginensis Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex alascensis shumaginensis_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. + Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900. (Type from Popof Island, Shumagin + Islands, Alaska.) + + _Sorex obscurus shumaginensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist, 16:228, July 12, 1902. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 2. + +_Remarks._--These three shrews, in comparison with those referred to +_S. o. obscurus_, are paler, and the one complete skull has a slightly +higher braincase. All of the specimens were obtained in grassy areas +adjacent to the roadway. + + +Sorex obscurus alascensis Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex obscurus alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76, + December 31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 22, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +10. + + +Sorex palustris navigator (Baird) + +Water Shrew + + _Neosorex navigator_ Baird, Report Pacific R. R. Survey, 8, pt. + 1, Mammals, p. 11, 1857. (Type from near head of Yakima River, + Cascade Mountains, Washington.) + + _Sorex_ (_Neosorex_) _palustris navigator_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, + 10:92, December 31, 1895. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 20, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2. _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 11; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 2; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. _British +Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 2. + +_Remarks._--Those males with worn teeth seem to have a slightly longer +and deeper rostrum with a larger, more inflated cranium than specimens +of _S. p. navigator_ from Washington, but in other ways resemble +typical _S. p. navigator_. An adult male, with slightly worn teeth, +from Dezadeash Lake has sagittal and lambdoidal crests. All of the +water shrews were taken in July and early August and at the edge of +water in traps baited with rolled oats. None of the females had +embryos. + + +Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (LeConte) + +Little Brown Bat + + _Vespertilio lucifugus_ LeConte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal + Kingdom, vol. 1, appendix, p. 431, 1831. (Type from Georgia; + probably the LeConte plantation, near Riceboro, Liberty County.) + + _Myotis lucifugus_ Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:59, + October 16, 1897. + +_Specimens examined._--Thirty-eight from _British Columbia_: NE end +Muncho Lake. + +_Remarks._--The 38 bats were from a colony of approximately 75 +individuals, found on the south side of a house. The paper was loose +and had buckled in numerous places allowing room for the bats to +ensconce themselves between the paper and outside wall. + + +Myotis lucifugus alascensis Miller + +Little Brown Bat + + _Myotis lucifugus alascensis_ Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:63, + October 16, 1897. (Type from Sitka, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, +10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + +_Remarks._--The specimen is considerably darker both above and below +than either of two specimens of _M. l. alascensis_ from Red Bluff Bay, +Alaska. Alcorn searched ten frame buildings in an abandoned camp on +the east side of Screw Creek, for bats and found only the one bat. It +was above some droppings. No droppings were found in other buildings. + + +Ochotona collaris (Nelson) + +Collared Pika + + _Lagomys collaris_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 8:117, + December 21, 1893. (Type from near head of Tanana River, about + 200 miles south of Fort Yukon, Alaska.) + + [_Ochotona_] _collaris_ Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., + p. 648, 1897. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 14, as follows: _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, +1; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 13. + +_Remarks._--In comparing specimens obtained by Alcorn with published +descriptions of _O. collaris_ in Howell (1924:35), it appeared that +measurable geographic variation might be present in this monotypic +species. Accordingly, comparisons were made with materials in the +Biological Surveys collection of the U. S. National Museum, the +Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C., and the National Museum of Canada. +A comparison of specimens of similar ages showed that no subspecific +separation is justified although animals from the Yukon Territory, +British Columbia, and Northwest Territories, as compared with +available material from Alaska, tend to be grayer in color and longer +in total length with a slightly larger skull and greater alveolar +length of molariform tooth-row in both upper and lower jaws. + +Specimens used for comparison were from the following localities: +_Alaska_: Mts. near Eagle (USBS), 15; 200 mi. S Fort Yukon (USBS), 2; +Upper Little Delta River, Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 1; +Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 3; Little Delta River, Slate +Creek, Red Mt. Camp, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 1; Muldron Glacier, Mt. +McKinley (USBS), 2; Mt. McKinley (USBS), 3; Summit of Chugach Mts., on +Richardson Highway, N of Valdez (USBS), 1; Chitina River Glacier (Nat. +Mus. Canada), 3. _Yukon Territory_: McMillan Pass, Canol Road, mile +282 (Nat. Mus. Canada), 2; Rose River, Canol Road, mile 95 (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 8; Tepee Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1; Conrad (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 1; near Teslin Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. _Northwest +Territories_: headwaters of Caracajou River, Canol Road, mile 111E +(Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. _British Columbia_: White Mt., Moose Arm, +Tagish Lake, Atlin (Prov. Mus., Victoria, B.C.), 2. + + +Lepus americanus macfarlani Merriam + +Varying Hare + + _Lepus americanus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:30, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, near mouth of + Anderson River, Mackenzie, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: W side +Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 1; 5 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 14 +mi. N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn reports seeing few hares on his two trips to +Alaska. Near the Miniker River, a geologist told him that the numbers +of these animals had steadily declined since 1943. One of three seen +in a spruce forest on July 8, 1947, near Whitehorse was taken by +Alcorn. A young one was captured in a rat trap in a building near the +Teslin River on July 5 of the same year. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis A. H. Howell + +Red Squirrel + + _Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 49:135, August 22, 1936. (Type from Raspberry + Creek, about 30 mi. SE of Telegraph Creek, northern British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 18, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. SW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and +Liard River, 1; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 3; S side +Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 3; Summit Pass, 4200 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 8. + +_Remarks._--Rand (1944:42) experienced difficulty in assigning +subspecific names to red squirrels taken along the Alaska Highway in +northern British Columbia. Some variability as found by Rand is noted +in adults taken by Alcorn in this area. All of the specimens assigned +to _T. h. columbiensis_ have a darker tail and more tawny feet than +_T. h. preblei_. The average of skulls of adults is smaller than the +skull of an adult of _T. h. preblei_ from Yerrick Creek, Alaska. + +Alcorn obtained most of the squirrels in rat traps and steel traps, +using "chewed" rolled oats as well as bits of fish and mouse bodies as +bait. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus petulans (Osgood) + +Red Squirrel + + _Sciurus hudsonicus petulans_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:27, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Glacier, White Pass, Alaska.) + + _T[amiasciurus]. hudsonicus petulans_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 49:136, August 22, 1936. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 7, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. S Haines, +5 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; 1½ mi. E +Tatshenshini River, 1½mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 4. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from extreme southwestern Yukon Territory appear +to be referable to this subspecies. The one adult female (skull only, +with body measurements) from the southwestern end of Dezadeash Lake +has a shorter skull than does any adult female of _T. h. +columbiensis_. No skins of adults are in the series, but the skins of +three subadults have darker upper parts, a darker tail and less +olivaceous sides than _T. h. columbiensis_. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei A. H. Howell + +Red Squirrel + + _Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 49:133, August 22, 1936. (Type from Fort Simpson, + Mackenzie District, Northwestern Territories.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 1; N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. + +_Remarks._--In comparison with specimens of _T. h. hudsonicus_ from +Iskwasum Lake, District of the Pas, Manitoba, the squirrel from +Yerrick Creek, an adult female, is larger and paler on the upper parts +and tail. + +The squirrel taken at Yerrick Creek was captured in a rat trap; Alcorn +found these animals to be "fairly common" in that area. He obtained no +evidence that the natives use them for food. + + +Marmota monax ochracea Swarth + +Woodchuck + + _Marmota ochracea_ Swarth, Univ. California Publ. Zoöl., 7:203, + February 18, 1911. (Type from Forty-mile Creek, Alaska.) + + _Marmota monax ochracea_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 37:34, + April 7, 1915. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1; ¼ mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 2. + + +Citellus parryii plesius (Osgood) + +Parry Ground Squirrel + + _Spermophilis empetra plesius_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:29, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Bennett City, head of Lake Bennett, + British Columbia.) + + _Citellus paryii plesius_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 56:97, + May 18, 1938. + + +_Specimens examined._--Total 42, as follows: _Alaska_: Richardson +Highway, 2000 ft., 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta, 5. _Yukon +Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 +mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; 1 mi. NE +Whitehorse, 1; ½ mi. W Whitehorse, 2150 ft., 1; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E +Whitehorse, 7; 1½ mi. E Tatshenshini River, 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E +Dalton Post, 3. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 14; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 +mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 7. + +_Remarks._--The specimens vary much in color; most color variation is +the result of wear and fading. In pallor of coloration the specimens +taken on August 16 along the Richardson Highway, 32 miles south and 4 +miles west of Big Delta, Alaska, show some resemblance to _C. p. +ablusus_, which occurs to the westward, although in other diagnostic +characters these specimens are typically _C. p. plesius_. + +Specimens in early stages of molt were taken on July 3, 4, and 14; +another specimen in an advanced stage of molt was obtained on July 10. +One melanistic individual was taken one mile northeast of Whitehorse +on July 11. + +Alcorn found these ground squirrels locally abundant, especially in +the vicinity of Whitehorse in Yukon Territory. A large population was +observed along the highway west of the Teslin River; animals were +seen for several miles along the road, principally in open coniferous +forests where there was little or no underbrush. Alcorn caught several +animals near the city dump at Whitehorse. Along the Richardson Highway +he observed these ground squirrels almost continuously for +approximately ten miles. He comments that the animals appeared to be +more numerous in the man-cleared areas along the highway than in +"unmolested areas farther back from the highway." Specimens were taken +with collecting gun and in rat traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats. + + +Eutamias minimus borealis (J. A. Allen) + +Least Chipmunk + + _Tamias asiaticus borealis_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, + p. 793, August, 1877. (Type from Fort Liard, Mackenzie, Canada.) + + _Eutamias minimus borealis_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, + August 4, 1922. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 10, as follows: _British Columbia_: N +side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker +River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 5; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 +mi. W. and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 +ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 2. + +_Remarks._--Specimens with worn pelage are conspicuously paler and +grayer than those in fresh pelage. Chipmunks in early stages of molt +with fresh pelage extending posteriorly to the middle of the dorsal +part of the back were taken on June 19, 20, and 22; others in fresh +pelage above, except for the hind quarters, were taken on June 15 and +on September 2. + +Alcorn found this species nowhere abundant; for example, in 187 museum +special traps set near Charlie Lake, 5 miles west and 3 miles north of +Fort St. John, in British Columbia, he took only one chipmunk. + + +Eutamias minimus caniceps Osgood + +Least Chipmunk + + _Eutamias caniceps_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:28, October 6, 1900. + (Type from Lake Lebarge, Yukon Territory.) + + _Eutamias minimus caniceps_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:184, + August 4, 1922. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 36, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. +SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, +3; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 +mi. S Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 10; 5 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1; W side Teslin River, 16 +mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 2; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, +2500 ft., 5. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard +River, 2; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 6; +Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 3. + +_Remarks._--Some of the specimens taken between Summit Pass and Toad +River show evidence of intergradation between the paler and grayer _E. +m. caniceps_ and the brighter and browner _E. m. borealis_. Rand +(1944:41) also found evidence of intergradation between these two +subspecies in this area. + +Along the highway, Alcorn found this species to be somewhat more +abundant in the Yukon Territory than in British Columbia. He often +found the animals occupying abandoned road camps; seemingly they were +more numerous in these areas than in undisturbed natural habitat. + + +Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus (Osgood) + +Flying Squirrel + + _Sciuropterus alpinus zaphaeus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 18:133, April 18, 1905. (Type from Helm Bay, Cleveland + Peninsula, southeastern Alaska.) + + _Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 44:43, + June 13, 1918. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: 1½ mi. S and 3 +mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft. + +_Remarks._--Although comparative material is not available at this +writing, descriptions in the literature indicate that this single +adult female belongs to the coastal form, _G. s. zaphaeus_. In both +color and in cranial and external measurements, this specimen appears +to agree closely with descriptions given by Howell (1918:43) and by +Cowan (1937:78 and 82), although its measurements are also in the +range of those given for _G. s. alpinus_ by Cowan (_loc. cit._). It +may be pointed out that Swarth (1936:402) regarded a specimen from 15 +miles south of Atlin, British Columbia, as _G. s. alpinus_. + +Measurements of Alcorn's specimen are as follows: total length, 331; +tail, 143; hind foot, 42; ear from notch, 23; greatest length of +skull, 41.7; zygomatic breadth, 25.7; mastoid breadth, 21.7; length of +nasals, 12.2; length maxillary tooth-row, 8.2; interorbital +constriction, 8.2; and postorbital constriction, 9.0. + + +Castor canadensis sagittatus Benson + +Beaver + + _Castor canadensis sagittatus_ Benson, Jour. Mamm., 14:320, + November 13, 1933. (Type from Indianpoint Creek, 3200 ft., 16 mi. + NE Barkerville, British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: Fort Halkett, N +side Liard River. + +_Remarks._--Two beaver skulls obtained by Alcorn from trapper Johnny +Pie appear to be of this subspecies. Anderson (1947:133) records this +subspecies from the Liard River, in the area from which these +specimens were taken. The trapper told Alcorn that he shot these two +beavers in the winter of 1947-48 and hung the skulls in a tree. + + +Peromyscus maniculatus algidus Osgood + +White-footed Mouse + + _Peromyscus maniculatus algidus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 28:56, + April 17, 1909. (Type from head of Lake Bennett, site of old Bennett + City, British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 93, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 20; 1 mi. W Haines, 5 ft., +7. _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 10; McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 6; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W +side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 16; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 9; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 15. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 8. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from the localities listed above are in the +geographic range of _P. m. algidus_ as outlined by Anderson (1947: +136). Specimens from the vicinity of Haines, Alaska, are slightly +darker indicating intergradation with _P. m. hylaeus_; Osgood (1909a: +54 and 56) also noted that intergradation between _P. m. algidus_ and +_P. m. hylaeus_ occurs in this area. + + +Peromyscus maniculatus borealis Mearns + +White-footed Mouse + + _Peromyscus maniculatus borealis_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 24:102, May 15, 1911. Substitute name for _P. m. arcticus_ + Mearns. (Type from Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 214, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 2 mi. +W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 8; W side +Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 24; E side +Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 7. _British +Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 10; Hot Springs, +3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; N side Liard River, ½ +mi. W jct. Trout River and Liard River, 13; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout River +and Liard River, 20; SE end Muncho Lake, 5; S side Toad River, 10 mi. +S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 45; N side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 9; North Fork Tetsa River, 3900 ft., 4 mi. ENE Summit +Pass, 13; Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, +17; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 18; Beatton River, 115 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 2; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 7. _Alberta_: +Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 10. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from 2 miles west of Teslin River resemble _P. +m. borealis_ more than _P. m. algidus_ both in size of skull and in +color, although I find it difficult to distinguish the specimens by +color. + +Alcorn, like Rand (1945:43), found the mouse in almost every habitat +along the Alaska Highway. On the east side of the Minaker River, one +mile west of Trutch, Alcorn took 26 _Peromyscus_ and four _Microtus_ +in 70 museum special traps baited with chewed rolled oats, set in a +grassy area where there were birches and clumps of willows. +_Peromyscus_ was usually abundant in old construction camps along the +highway; on July 27 in 50 traps set under abandoned buildings at +Summit Pass, Alcorn took 21 _Peromyscus_. Apparently, as Swarth +(1936:402) notes, the white-footed mouse makes itself at home in such +buildings, and local populations probably increase as a result of the +artificial environment that provides favorable conditions for +existence. + + +Neotoma cinerea drummondii (Richardson) + +Bushy-tailed Wood Rat + + _Myoxus drummondii_ Richardson, Zool. Jour., 3:517, 1828. (Type + probably from near Jasper House, Alberta, Canada.) + + _Neotoma cinerea drummondii_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 7:25, April 13, 1892. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _British Columbia_: Summit +Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W of Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W and 3 +mi. N Fort St. John, 3. + +_Remarks._--Wood rats were obtained at only two locations, Alcorn's +field notes indicating that the animals were rare and spotty in +distribution. Rand (1944:44) comments that the rats were "scarce north +of the Lower Liard Crossing." + +At both localities where specimens were taken, Alcorn noted first +their characteristic droppings. At Summit Pass, droppings were found +in a rock slide at the upper limit of timber line; one rat was taken. +At the trapping station five miles west and three miles north of Fort +St. John, droppings were found in and under an old abandoned building; +four young (two prepared) and one adult were obtained. + + +Synaptomys borealis dalli Merriam + +Northern Bog Lemming + + _Synaptomys_ (_Mictomys_) _dalli_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 10:62, March 19, 1896. (Type from Nulato, Alaska.) + + _Synaptomys borealis dalli_ A. B. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 50:24, + (June 30) August 5, 1927. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 6, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Deadman +Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 1. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre +Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 5. + +_Remarks._--The northern bog lemming is evidently not generally +distributed along the Alaska Highway but may be locally numerous in +cover of grass and sedge especially in marsh and bog habitat. Five +specimens were obtained in a grassy area 30 feet wide by 60 feet long +which was approximately 50 feet from McIntyre Creek in the Yukon +Territory. In 22 mouse traps set the first night in this locality, +three _Synaptomys_, six _Microtus_ and one _Sorex_ were taken. One +additional _Synaptomys_ was taken on each of the following two nights +in the same area. At Deadman Lake, Alaska, one _Synaptomys_ was taken +in heavy sedge bordering a small pond. + + +Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni (Merriam) + +Dawson Red-backed Mouse + + _Evotomys dawsoni_ Merriam, Amer. Nat., 22:650, July, 1888. + (Type from Finlayson River, a northern source of the Liard River, + lat. 61° 30' N, long. 129° 30' W, Yukon, Canada.) + + _Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni_ Rausch, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., + 40:135, April 21, 1950. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 126, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 17; 1 mi. SW +Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 +mi. E Fairbanks, 15; 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 3; Yerrick +Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 32; Tok Junction, 1600 ft., +1; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 9; 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 9; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1; E +side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2; 1 mi. S +Haines, 5 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: Jct. Grafe Creek and Edith Creek, +2; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 4; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W +side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 6; SW end Desadeash +Lake, 15. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 1; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and +21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 2. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from one mile northeast of Anchorage show little +tendency toward _C. r. orca_ from the Prince William Sound area (see +Orr, 1945:73). One specimen from this locality is slightly darker than +the others. + +Red-backed mice were numerous in most localities where Alcorn trapped. +A number of specimens were taken adjacent to and within abandoned road +camps, where second growth vegetation was rank. As in the case of _C. +gapperi_, he found _C. rutilus_ in varied habitats. + + +Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae (Preble) + +Red-backed Mouse + + _Evotomys gapperi athabascae_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 27:178, + October 26, 1908. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave Lake, Mackenzie + District, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae_ Harper, Jour. Mamm., 13:28, + February 9, 1932. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 14, as follows: _British Columbia_: N +side Muska River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker +River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 3; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 4. +_Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 6. + +_Remarks._--These red-backed mice were taken in various habitats: +grassy areas in aspen and poplar forest, heavy spruce forest with no +undergrowth excepting lichens and moss, thick underbrush in river +flood plain, and at the site of an old sawmill. The northwestern +distribution of this species along the Alaska Highway as found by +Alcorn is approximately the same as that found by Rand (1944:44). + + +Ondatra zibethicus spatulatus (Osgood) + +Muskrat + + _Fiber spatulatus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:36, October 6, 1900. + (Type from Lake Marsh, Yukon, Canada.) + + _Ondatra zibethica spatulata_ Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 231, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Alaska_: N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; E side Deadman +Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. NE Northway, 1. + +_Remarks._--One muskrat was shot in an old beaver pond on the north +side of the Salcha River. A skull from a carcass, that had been left +by a trapper the previous winter, was obtained at Deadman Lake. + + +Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii Preble + +Lemming Mouse + + _Phenacomys mackenzii_ Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:182, + August 6, 1902. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave River, Mackenzie, + Canada.) + + _Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii_ Crowe, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist, 80:403, February 4, 1943. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: SE end Dezadeash +Lake. + +_Remarks._--A subadult taken only a few miles from the Alaskan border +in Yukon Territory constitutes an extension of the known range of this +species to the northwest. The mouse is evidently rare or irregular in +its distribution since Alcorn did considerable trapping in the area +from which only one was taken. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus + +Pennsylvania Meadow Mouse + +The Pennsylvania meadow mouse is an abundant mammal along the Alaska +Highway. Alcorn obtained specimens at most of his trapping stations, +frequently in company with _Microtus oeconomus_ at the more northern +localities. A preferred habitat was grassy areas and willow clumps +along streams or at the edges of lakes. The best catches were made +along well-used runways, especially where there were piles of cut +grass. These runways were used also by _Clethrionomys_ and other small +animals. Specimens of _M. pennsylvanicus_ were frequently taken in +the daytime; one was taken on June 29 as it was swimming at the edge +of a small lake near the junction of the Liard River and Irons Creek +in British Columbia. + +Lacking sufficient comparative material in the past, most workers have +considered that _M. pennsylvanicus_ ranges without appreciable +geographic variation throughout most of northwestern Canada and +Alaska, where it has been referred to the subspecies, _M. p. +drummondii_. Dale (1940), in studying collections made in British +Columbia and southeastern Alaska, found evidence of geographic +variation and recognized two new subspecies; thus he not only pointed +out geographically variable characters but reduced the size of the +range ascribed to _M. p. drummondii_. A later work by Rand (1943) +considered the northwestern populations of _M. pennsylvanicus_ as +being too variable to show distinctive groupings. The large collection +made by Alcorn offers evidence that other separable subspecies with +constant characters are present. Study of this material indicates the +presence of two unnamed subspecies, which are named and described as +follows: + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus alcorni new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21552, Univ. Kansas, Mus. +Nat. Hist., 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 feet elevation, Yukon Territory, +Canada; 24 August 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5240. + +_Range._--Extreme southwestern Yukon Territory and adjacent parts of +Alaska as far south as Haines, as far north as Northway, and as far +west along the Alaskan coast as Anchorage and Tyonek. + +_Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); color of upper parts near +(_l_) Brussels Brown; skull noticeably ridged; zygomatic arches heavy, +rounded and relatively short; rostrum heavy; auditory bullae not +greatly expanded; maxillary teeth relatively heavy and low-crowned. + +_Comparisons._--From _M. p. drummondii_ (specimens from vicinity of +Whitehorse, Y. T., Trutch, B. C., and Kinuso, Alberta), _M. p. +alcorni_ differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements +taken except lengths of tail and hind foot, which are the same; color +of upper parts slightly paler and more gray and less brown; underparts +paler; zygomatic arches heavier, rounder and shorter; skull +proportionately more massive, except the auditory bullae which are +less inflated; maxillary teeth heavier and lower-crowned. + +From _M. p. rubidus_ (specimens from Atlin, B. C.), _M. p. alcorni_ +differs as follows: Averaging larger in all cranial measurements taken +except length of the maxillary tooth-row which is the same; color of +upperparts more gray and less brown; underparts darker; skull longer +with longer nasals and heavier zygomatic arches; skull of adult more +heavily ridged. + +From _M. p. admiraltiae_ (specimens from Admiralty Island), _M. p. +alcorni_ differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements +taken; color of upper parts more gray and less brown, underparts +darker. + +_Remarks._--_Microtus p. alcorni_ is a well-defined subspecies +differing markedly from adjacent subspecies by a larger and heavier +skull and broader, more rounded and heavier zygomatic arches. +Characters examined in the specimens available are constant. Specimens +from Haines are slightly darker than those from Kluane. An adult (No. +21534, UKMNH) from Northway has slightly more inflated auditory bullae +than those from Kluane. An adult from Tyonek (No. 986, UKMNH) has +richer brown upper parts. Measurements of this specimen resemble +closely those of animals from Kluane, although the rostrum is +noticably heavier. + +Several adults were available from many of the localities of +occurrence of _M. p. alcorni_. At the locality 9 miles west and 4 +miles north of Haines, there were four which were considered to be old +adults. These four had larger measurements than others considered to +be fully adult. In addition, the skulls were larger and more rugged. +There were occasionally old adults in other series. For the sake of +uniformity, I have not considered these aforementioned old adults in +the comparative studies of younger adults. This subspecies is named in +honor of J(oseph). R(aymond). Alcorn, the collector. + +_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six adults of +both sexes of _M. p. alcorni_ from the type locality are as follows: +Total length, 162 (149-172); length of tail, 43 (39-45); condylobasal +length, 26.3 (25.6-26.3); basal length, 25.2 (24.2-25.9); length of +nasals, 7.3 (6.9-7.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 (14.9-15.6); breadth +across auditory bullae, 12.8 (12.4-13.2); alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.4 (6.1-6.7). Seven adults of both sexes from 9 +miles west and 4 miles north of Haines have the following +measurements: 158 (148-165); 45 (41-50); 26.1 (25.5-26.8); 24.8 +(24.4-25.7); 7.3 (7.0-7.6); 14.9 (14.3-15.1); 12.2 (11.8-13.0); 6.2 +(5.9-6.3). + +_Specimens examined._--Total 65, distributed by localities of capture +as follows and deposited in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural +History: _Alaska_: E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, +7; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Tyonek, Cook's Inlet, 1; E side +Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 37. _Yukon +Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 14; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2; +1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. Specimens reported by +Osgood (1904:35) have not been seen by me but may be of this +subspecies, and are tentatively referred to it. These are from the +following localities in Alaska: Lake Clark near Keejik, near the mouth +of the Chulitna River, and Kakhtul River near the junction with the +Malchatna. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus tananaensis new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21509, Univ. Kansas, Mus. +Nat. Hist., Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, Alaska; +20 July 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5023. + +_Range._--East-central Alaska as far south as Tok Junction, as far +west as Mt. McKinley, as far north as Fairbanks and as far east as +Eagle. + +_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements); color of upper parts +dark, near (_n_) Prout's Brown, with some individual variation; skull +with zygomatic arches moderately heavy and wide; nasals relatively +long; auditory bullae inflated. + +_Comparisons._--From _M. p. alcorni_ (see description), _M. p. +tananaensis_ differs as follows: Smaller in all measurements taken +except alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row which is the +same; color of upper parts darker, more richly brown and less gray; +underparts darker; zygomatic arches less massive and narrower; +auditory bullae larger and more inflated. + +From _M. p. drummondii_ (see comparisons under _M. p. alcorni_), _M. +p. tananaensis_ differs as follows: Larger in all cranial measurements +taken except nasal length which is the same; color everywhere slightly +darker; wider across zygomatic arches; zygoma thicker; nasals, +relative to length of skull, shorter; auditory bullae larger and more +inflated. + +_Remarks._--For the most part the material available of this +subspecies consisted of subadults; however, comparison of adults with +those of adjacent subspecies indicates that this subspecies can be +distinguished by color of the upper parts, cranial measurements, and +size of the zygomatic arches and the auditory bullae. Specimens from +14 miles east and 25 miles north of Fairbanks are especially dark. One +subadult (No. 21467, UKMNH) has blackish hair on the feet and a +blackish unicolored tail. No. 241696, USBS, an old adult female, from +Ketchumstock, is larger. + +The specimens referred to this subspecies, vary some in color, but +vary less in cranial characters. Additional adults are needed from +western Alaska to determine how far this subspecies extends down the +valley of the Yukon River. Bailey (1900:24) lists one specimen from +Nulato, as _drummondii_; I have not seen it but on geographic grounds +tentatively assign it to _M. p. tananaensis_. + +_Measurements._--Measurements of the type specimen are as follows: +Total length, 160; length of tail, 40; condylobasal length, 26.0; +basal length, 24.9; length of nasals, 6.7; zygomatic breadth, 14.5; +breadth across auditory bullae, 12.5; alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.2. Two specimens from Eagle (Nos. 128295 and +128320, USBS) have the following measurements respectively: 161, 154; +37.5, 36; 25.3, 25.4; 23.8, 23.9; 6.5, 6.8; 14.5, 14.6; 11.9, 12.3; +6.1, 6.1. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 34, distributed by localities of capture +as follows and unless otherwise stated in the University of Kansas +Museum of Natural History: _Alaska_: Near Buster Creek, Chatanika +River, 1 (USBS); Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N +Fairbanks, 4; Fairbanks, 2 (USBS); head of Glacier Creek, Mt. +McKinley, 1 (USBS); Moose Creek, Mt. McKinley, 2 (USBS); head of +Toklat River, 1 (USBS); Eagle, 4 (USBS); Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 +mi. N Tok Junction, 13; Ketchumstock, 2 (USBS); 9 mi. from mouth of +Robertson River, 1 (USBS); Tanana, 3 (USBS); Tanana Crossing, 1 +(USBS). Osgood (1909b:24) records specimens which may be of this +subspecies from the following localities in Alaska: Charlie Creek, +Circle, 20 miles above Circle, 40 miles above Circle, Nation Creek, +and Seventy Mile Creek. Osgood (1900:36) also records specimens from +near Fort Yukon. None of these has been seen by me; they are only +tentatively assigned to this subspecies. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii (Audubon and Bachman) + + _Arvicola drummondii_ Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. North Amer., + 3:166, 1854. (Type, by subsequent designation, from vicinity of + Jasper House, Alberta.) + + _Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii_ Hollister, Canadian Alp. Jour., + Special Number, p. 23, February 17, 1913. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 93, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 26; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 4; 5 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 7; E side Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 +mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. +Irons Creek and Liard River, 8; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 3; N side Liard River, ½ mi. W jct. Liard River +and Trout River, 1; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 13; S +side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit Pass, +4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 2; E side Minaker River, +1 mi. W Trutch, 19; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W +and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 2. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 +mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 4. + +_Remarks._--Adults among the specimens listed above vary but little; +one female from Assineau River in Alberta is notably more reddish than +others taken elsewhere. + +Average and extreme measurements of nine adults of both sexes of _M. +p. drummondii_ from E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, British +Columbia, are as follows: Total length, 157 (148-165); length of tail, +42 (37-46); condylobasal length, 25.1 (24.7-26.0); basal length, 24.2 +(23.4-25.0); length of nasals, 6.8 (6.4-7.2); zygomatic breadth, 14.4 +(13.9-14.7); breadth across auditory bullae, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); +alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.1 (6.0-6.2); Nine +adults of both sexes from McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 miles northwest +of Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, have the following measurements: 153 +(147-168); 40 (33-47); 24.9 (24.2-25.5); 24.0 (23.6-24.6); 6.6 +(6.2-7.2); 14.4 (13.9-15.1); 12.1 (11.7-12.5); 6.1 (6.0-6.2). + + +Microtus _cf._ cantator Anderson + +Yukon Singing Mouse + + _Microtus cantator_ Anderson, Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 102, + Biol. Ser. No. 31:161, [for 1946], January 24, 1947. (Type "taken + in tundra-slide above timber-line on mountain top near Tepee Lake + on north slope of St. Elias Range," Yukon Territory, Canada.) + +_Specimen examined._--One from _Alaska_: Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N +and 1 mi. E Paxson. + +_Remarks._--The single adult male, obtained by Alcorn, has been +compared by Dr. Henry W. Setzer with specimens of _Microtus muriei_ +Nelson, _M. miurus miurus_ Osgood, and _M. m. oreas_ Osgood in the +United States National Museum. He reports that the specimen is related +most closely to _M. miurus_ but exhibits characters by which it is, at +least, subspecifically distinct from these two forms of this species. +Three specimens of _M. andersoni_ Rand and one of _M. cantator_ +Anderson, borrowed from the National Museum of Canada are less mature +than the specimen in question. Even so, the male from Fish Creek is +less gray than _M. andersoni_ and as seen from measurements of the +type, an adult male (Rand, 1945:42), is larger with longer tail and +has a shorter and narrower skull and is judged to be taxonomically +separable. _M. cantator_ was named from two specimens; both the +paratype (seen by me) and seemingly the type are too young to show +clearly subspecific characters. Alcorn's specimen is tentatively +referred to _M. cantator_ until some adult topotypes can be obtained. +Measurements of the male, No. 21539, from Fish Creek, are: Total +length, 152; length of tail, 30; hind foot, 22; condylobasal length, +28.0; basal length, 26.6; length of nasals, 7.1; zygomatic breadth, +13.8; breadth across auditory bullae, 11.5; least interorbital +breadth, 3.3; alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.2. + +Alcorn took this specimen in an area above timberline where a low +growth of willow was the dominant vegetation. Traps were set where he +had seen a mouse go into a small burrow. The next morning, August 18, +1947, he found this specimen and two _Microtus oeconomus macfarlani_ +in his traps. + +Microtines of the subgenus _Stenocranius_ from continental areas of +Alaska and Northwestern Canada are represented in collections by a few +specimens from widely separated localities. Lacking material from +intermediate localities, describers have given specific recognition to +several of these isolated populations. Future collecting will be +necessary to disclose whether the North American mice of this subgenus +belong to one or to more than one species and may disclose whether or +not there has been more than one invasion of the North American +continent by members of this Asiatic group. + + +Microtus longicaudus vellerosus J. A. Allen + +Long-tailed Meadow Mouse + + _Microtus vellerosus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., + 12:7, March 4, 1899. (Type from upper Liard River, British Columbia, + Canada.) + + _Microtus longicaudus vellerosus_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian + Field-Nat., 58:20, April 1, 1944. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 127, as follows: _Alaska_: N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1. _Yukon Territory_: +6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 10; ½ mi. W Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 18; 1½ +mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 24. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, +20; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 4; ¼ mi. +S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 15; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S +and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 27; SE end Muncho Lake, 4; Summit Pass, 4500 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from 1½ miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton +Post and from Dezadeash Lake in Yukon Territory and from Stonehouse +Creek in British Columbia are referred to _M. l. vellerosus_ although +in color of upper parts they show close relationship with _M. l. +littoralis_. These specimens are less gray and more brown than +specimens more typical of _M. l. vellerosus_ from the Liard River +area. + +Alcorn found the long-tailed meadow mouse in widely separated areas. +Most specimens were obtained in grassy situations near water or on +moist ground. The single male from Summit Pass in British Columbia was +taken above timberline. + + +Microtus longicaudus littoralis Swarth + +Long-tailed Meadow Mouse + + _Microtus mordax littoralis_ Swarth, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 46:209, October 26, 1933. (Type from Shakan, Prince of Wales Island, + Alaska.) + + _Microtus longicaudus littoralis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:491, + November 14, 1938. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 29, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 9; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +20. + +_Remarks._--In comparison with the series of _M. l. vellerosus_ from +the Liard River area, the long-tailed meadow mice from near Haines are +more reddish brown, have a longer tail, and have a smaller skull with +smaller auditory bullae. This subspecies is restricted to the coastal +area, and as noted under the account of _M. l. vellerosus_, +intergradation between these two forms occurs a relatively short +distance inland. + + +Microtus oeconomus macfarlani Merriam + +Tundra Mouse + + _Microtus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:24, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, Anderson River, + Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Microtus oec[onomus] macfarlani_ Zimmerman, Archiv f. Naturgesch., + 11:187, September 12, 1942. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 70, as follows: _Alaska_: Circle, 664 +ft., 1; Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 13; +Twelve Mile Summit, 3225 ft., Steese Highway, 6; 1 mi. SW Fairbanks, +440 ft., 3; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E +Fairbanks, 28; Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 9; +Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson, 3; Glenn Highway, 6 +mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1. _Yukon Territory_: Jct. Grafe and Edith +Creeks, 1; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1. +_British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek +and Kelsall River, 2. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn found the tundra mouse in many of the localities at +which he trapped in east-central Alaska. Specimens were taken above +timberline, along roads, in grassy areas which had been cleared of +timber, and in low vegetation bordering streams. On August 17 at Fish +Creek, 5 miles north and 1 mile east of Paxson, Alaska, Alcorn +obtained one of these mice in a tree in the daytime. Immature +specimens taken at Stonehouse Creek are, to my knowledge, the first +records for this species in British Columbia. + + +Mus musculus Linnaeus + +House Mouse + + _[Mus] musculus_ Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:62, 1758. + (Type from Upsala, Sweden.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 6, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, 2259 ft., 3 +mi. NW Whitehorse, 2; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1. _Alberta_: +Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn took house mice in and near areas inhabited by man. +One mouse was taken near Whitehorse on July 10 under a building which +had not been occupied for one year. Another was taken at the +Whitehorse city dump. Near Kinuso, one specimen was obtained at the +site of an old sawmill. + + +Zapus hudsonius hudsonius (Zimmermann) + +Meadow Jumping Mouse + + _Dipus hudsonius_ Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., 2:358, 1780. + (Type from Hudson Bay, Canada.) + + _Zapus hudsonius_ Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., + ser. 2, 1:253, January 8, 1876. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 8, as follows: _British Columbia_: 1 mi. +NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 3; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 1; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, +1; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, +1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--The jumping mice listed above have been compared with +specimens of _Z. h. hudsonius_ from Ontario and Michigan. The zone of +contact between _Z. h. hudsonius_ and _Z. h. alascensis_ is still +unknown; Alcorn obtained no specimens between Irons Creek and +Whitehorse. To my knowledge there are no records from this extensive +area. + +Alcorn took _Zapus_ in grassy areas at the edge of water, in an old +gravel pit, and at the site of an old sawmill. Animals were taken as +early as June 30 and as late as September 2. + + +Zapus hudsonius alascensis Merriam + +Meadow Jumping Mouse + + _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:223, July 15, 1897. (Type from Yakutat Bay, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 18, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. SW +Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 +mi. N Haines, 8. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 4; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4. + +_Remarks._--Specimens taken by Alcorn were compared with +representatives of both _Z. princeps_ (Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon) and _Z. +hudsonius_ (Ontario, Michigan, Kansas, Wyoming). All have been +referred to _Z. hudsonius_ although one female from Stonehouse Creek +shows some tendency toward _Z. princeps_ in external measurements, +length of upper molariform tooth-row, and length of incisive foramina. + + +Erethizon dorsatum myops Merriam + +Porcupine + + _Erethizon epixanthus myops_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:27, March 14, 1900. (Type from Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula, + Alaska.) + + _Erethizon dorsatum myops_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian Jour. Res., + 21:293, September 24, 1943. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Alaska_: Yerrick Creek, +21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. _Yukon Territory_: 2 mi. W +Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn found little evidence of porcupines along the +highway. The female from the Teslin River was found under a building. +The female from Yerrick Creek was in dense underbrush in a spruce +forest and weighed 20 pounds. + + +Canis latrans incolatus Hall + +Coyote + + _Canis latrans incolatus_ Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:369, + November 5, 1934. (Type from Isaacs Lake, 3000 ft., Bowron Lake + region, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 25 mi. +NW Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 1. + + +Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot + +Wolf + + _Canis pambasileus_ Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:79, + February 21, 1905. (Type from Susitna River, region of Mount McKinley, + Alaska.) + + _Canis lupus pambasileus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 18:45, + February 14, 1937. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; Marshall +Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn reported wolf sign at many of his camps along the +highway. Skulls were obtained from trappers. + + +Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson + +Wolf + + _Canis lupus occidentalis_ Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, + 1:60, 1829. (Type not designated, restricted to Fort Simpson, + Mackenzie, Canada, by Miller, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 59 (no. 15):4, + June 8, 1912.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: Buckinghorse +River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + +Canis lupus columbianus Goldman + +Wolf + + _Canis lupus columbianus_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 54:110, September 30, 1941. (Type from Wistaria, north side of Ootsa + Lake, Coast District, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, 10 +mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + + +Vulpes fulva abietorum Merriam + +Red Fox + + _Vulpes alascensis abietorum_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:669, December 28, 1900. (Type from Stuart Lake, British Columbia, + Canada.) + + _Vulpes fulva abietorum_ Bailey, Nature Mag., 28:317, November 1936. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 11, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. +SW Kluane, 2559 ft., 1; Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 6; +Champagne, N side Dezadeash River, 3; 1½ mi. E Tatshenshini River, 1½ +mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 1. + +_Remarks._--Specimens obtained are skulls only, mostly taken in the +winter months by trappers. One fox was found dead with porcupine +quills stuck in and around its mouth. + + +Ursus americanus cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman + +Black Bear + + _Ursus americanus var. cinnamomum_ Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. + North Amer., 3; 125, 1854. (Type from Northern Rocky Mountains.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: 10 mi. +W Fort Nelson, 1; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 2. + +_Remarks._--One large, unsexed skull from Buckinghorse River with part +of the rostrum gone has the frontal shield strongly dished. A young +adult female taken 10 miles west of Fort Nelson on August 23, 1948, +has the following external measurements: Total length, 1345; tail, 65; +hind foot, 256; ear from notch, 135. + + +Ursus species + +Grizzly + +_Specimens examined._--Total 5, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E +Dalton Post, 1; Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post, 2. +_British Columbia_: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1. + +_Remarks._--Of three specimens obtained at the Unahini River, two +males resemble each other closely, while the third, an old adult +represented by an unsexed skull with broken cranium, is markedly +different, the skull being noticeably shorter with shorter rostrum and +lower jaw and other distinctive features. It closely resembles the +skull of an adult male taken at the Aishihik River. Furthermore, the +first two animals show close relationships with an unsexed skull which +Alcorn obtained at the Buckinghorse River in British Columbia. + +Two males taken at the Unahini River in the Yukon Territory have the +following external measurements: Total length, 1933, 1812; tail, 150, +96; hind foot, 262, 260; ear from notch, 129, 131. Other specimens, +skulls only, obtained from native hunters, are partly broken. Alcorn +writes that the local hunters always shoot a grizzly in the head to be +certain that it is dead. + + +Mustela erminea arctica (Merriam) + +Ermine + + _Putorius arcticus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:15, June 30, 1896. + (Type from Point Barrow, Alaska.) + + _Mustela erminea arctica_ Ognev, The mammals of U. S. S. R. and + adjacent countries, 3:31, 1935. + +_Specimens examined._--Four from _Alaska_: N side Salcha River, 600 +ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks. + +_Remarks._--One ermine was caught in a rat trap; the others were taken +within 50 yards of the trapped animal by attracting them with +squeaking calls to within shooting range. One of the weasels +approached to within ten feet of Alcorn, while he was making the +mentioned call. + + +Mustela erminea richardsonii Bonaparte + +Ermine + + _Mustela richardsonii_ Bonaparte, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., + 2:38, January, 1838. (Type from Fort Franklin, at western end of + Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Mustela erminea richardsonii_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, + July 19, 1945. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse. + + +Mustela erminea alascensis (Merriam) + +Ermine + + _Putorius richardsonii alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:12, + June 30, 1896. (Type from Juneau, Alaska.) + + _Mustela erminea alascensis_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, + July 19, 1945. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Alaska_: E side Chilkat River, 100 +ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. + + +Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs) + +Mink + + _Putorius vison energumenos_ Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 27:5, March, 1896. (Type from Sumas, British Columbia, Canada.) + + _Mustela vison energumenos_ Miller, North Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 101, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One (broken and unsexed skull) from _Yukon +Territory_: Champagne, N side Dezadeash River. + +_Remarks._--While studying moose at Medicine Lake, near Circle Hot +Springs, Alaska, on August 9, 1947, Alcorn observed some mink +concerning which he records the following: "After waiting about an +hour a large mink was seen traveling northward on land at the edge of +the lake. It continued and went out of sight. I waited about two +minutes and then started a series of loud squeaks. To our surprise we +soon saw what we judged was the same mink. In company with this mink +were five others.... These mink were much interested in the squeaking +noise and some came within 10 feet of me. They stayed on land most of +the time but some of them made short swims a few feet out into the +lake. One had a white chin, another had a white spot on its chest. +This group may have been an adult female with her young." + + +Martes pennanti columbiana Goldman + +Fisher + + _Martes pennanti columbiana_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 48:176, November 15, 1935. (Type from Stuart Lake, near headwaters + of Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. +N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1; N side Liard River, Fort +Halkett, 1. + + +Martes americana actuosa (Osgood) + +Marten + + _Mustela americana actuosa_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:43, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Fort Yukon, Alaska.) + + _Martes americana actuosa_ Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 93, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: N side Liard River +Fort Halkett, 1. + + +Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr + +Canada Lynx + + _Lynx canadensis_ Kerr, Anim. Kingd., vol. 1, systematic catalogue + inserted between pages 32 and 33 (description, p. 157), 1792. (Type + from Eastern Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. _British Columbia_: 14 mi. +N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 2; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 1. + + +Alces americana gigas Miller + +Moose + + _Alces gigas_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:57, + May 29, 1899. (Type from North side Tustumena Lake, Kenai Peninsula, + Alaska.) + + _Alces americanus gigas_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 24:29, + November 23, 1904. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: 15 mi. NW Kelsall +Lake. + + +Oreamnos americanus columbiae Hollister + +Mountain Goat + + _Oreamnos montanus columbianus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 20:20, February 10, 1904. Not _Capra columbiana_ Desmilins, + 1823. + + _Oreamnos americanus columbiae_ Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 25:186, December 24, 1912. (Type from Shesley Mountains, + northern British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: 12 mi. S jct. +Liard River and Trout River. + +_Remarks._--Two skulls of male goats were obtained from a trapper, +Johnny Pie, who shot them on July 4, 1948. Field notes indicate that +both mountain goats and mountain sheep are frequently taken by natives +in the Liard River area. + + +Ovis dalli stonei Allen + +Northern Mountain Sheep + + _Ovis stonei_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:111, + April 8, 1897. (Type from headwaters of the Stikine River, + British Columbia, Canada.) + + _Ovis dalli stonei_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:28, + March 4, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Summit Pass, 4200 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson. + +_Remarks._--The specimen has the following external measurements: +Total length, 1474; tail, 84; length of hind foot, 400; ear from +notch, 91. The individual is a male, seven years old, as judged by the +rings of growth on the horns. The skull is accompanied by a skin now +tanned for study purposes. + + + + + LITERATURE CITED + + + Anderson, R. M. + 1937. Mammals and birds of the Western Arctic District, Northwest + Territories, Canada. Reprinted from Canada's Western + Northland, Dept. of Interior, Ottawa, pp. 97-122, 5 figs., + 1 map, July 9. + 1947. Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. Nat. Mus. Canada, + Bull. 102, Biol. Ser. 31:v+238 pp., [for 1946], January 24. + + Bailey, V. + 1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. N. Amer. + Fauna, 17:1-88, 5 pls., 17 figs., June 6. + + Cowan, I. M. + 1937. The distribution of flying squirrels in western British + Columbia with the description of a new race. Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 50:77-82, June 22. + + Dale, F. H. + 1940. Geographic variation in the meadow mouse in British Columbia + and southeastern Alaska. Jour. Mamm., 21:332-340, August 14. + + Howell, A. H. + 1918. Revision of the American flying squirrels. N. Amer. Fauna, + 44:1-64, 7 pls., 4 figs., June 13. + 1924. Revision of the American pikas. N. Amer. Fauna, 47:1-57, + 6 pls., 4 figs., August 21. + + Jackson, H. H. T. + 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews. N. + Amer. Fauna, 51:i-vi+1-238, 13 pls., 24 figs., July. + + Orr, R. T. + 1945. A study of the _Clethrionomys dawsoni_ group of red-backed + mice. Jour. Mamm., 26:67-74, February 27. + + Osgood, W. H. + 1900. Results of a biological reconnaissance of the Yukon River + region. N. Amer. Fauna, 19:1-100, 7 pls., October 6. + 1904. A biological reconnaissance of the base of the Alaska + Peninsula. N. Amer. Fauna, 24:1-86, 7 pls., November 23. + 1909a. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. + N. Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., 12 figs., April 17. + 1909b. Biological investigations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. + N. Amer. Fauna, 30:1-96, 5 pls., October 7. + + Rand, A. L. + 1943. Canadian forms of the meadow mouse (_Microtus + pennsylvanicus_). Canadian Field-Nat., 57:115-123, + January 24. + 1944. The southern half of the Alaska highway and its mammals. + Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 98, Biol. Ser. No. 27:1-50, + 21 pls., 1 fig. + 1945. Mammal investigations on the Canol Road, Yukon and Northwest + Territories, 1944. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 99, + Biol. Ser. No. 28:1-52, 20 pls., 1 fig. + + Swarth, H. S. + 1936. Mammals of the Atlin region, northwestern British Columbia. + Jour. Mamm., 17:398-405, November 14. + + +_Transmitted April 9, 1951._ + + + + + * * * * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes + + The text presented is essentially that in the original printed + document with the exception of some minor punctuation changes and + the typographical corrections detailed below. + + +Typographical Corrections + + Page 103 under Dawson Red-backed Mouse: Territoy => Territory + Page 104 under Muskrat: Mann. => Mamm. + Page 114 under Red Fox: procupine => porcupine + + + * * * * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + +***** This file should be named 33915-8.txt or 33915-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/9/1/33915/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/33915-8.zip b/33915-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..93de558 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915-8.zip diff --git a/33915-h.zip b/33915-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..35dc685 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915-h.zip diff --git a/33915-h/33915-h.htm b/33915-h/33915-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3290fc --- /dev/null +++ b/33915-h/33915-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2536 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<!-- $Id: header.txt 2010-09-26 20:45:00 EDT tcosmas $ --> + +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway, by Rollin H. Baker. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5em;} + table {padding: 4em; border-collapse: collapse;} + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; text-indent:0; font-size: 0.75em; text-align: right; color: #b0b0b0;} + .reference {margin-left: 5em; text-indent: -3em;} + .vtop {vertical-align: top;} + .center {text-align: center;} + .smaller {font-size: 0.85em;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .cover {background: #d0d0d0;} + .caption2 {font-weight: bold; font-size:1.50em; text-align: center;} + .caption3 {font-weight: bold; font-size:1.15em; text-align: center;} + .caption3nb {font-size:1.15em; text-align: center;} + .trans_notes {background:#d0d0d0; padding: 7px; border:solid black 1px;} + .species p {margin-left: 4em; text-indent: 2em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway + +Author: Rollin H. Baker + +Release Date: October 19, 2010 [EBook #33915] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<div class="trans_notes"> + +<div class="caption2">Transcriber's Notes</div> + +<p>The text presented is essentially that in the original printed +document with the exception of some minor punctuation changes and +the typographical corrections detailed below.</p> + +<a name="typos"></a> +<div class="caption2">Typographical Corrections</div> +<br /> +<div class="center"> + <table summary="typo list" align="center"> + <tr><td>Page 103 (Dawson Red-backed Mouse) :</td><td>Territoy</td><td> => </td><td><a href="#Territory">Territory</a></td></tr> + <tr><td>Page 104 (Muskrat) :</td><td>Mann.</td><td> => </td><td><a href="#Mamm">Mamm.</a></td></tr> + <tr><td>Page 114 (Red Fox) :</td><td>procupine</td><td> => </td><td><a href="#porcupine">porcupine</a></td></tr> + </table> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 87]</span> + +<div class="caption2">Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway</div> +<p> </p> +<div class="caption3">BY</div> +<p> </p> +<div class="caption2">ROLLIN H. BAKER</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<div class="caption3">University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text<br /> +November 28, 1951</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">University of Kansas<br /> +LAWRENCE<br /> +1951</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 88]</span></p> + +<div class="center"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,<br /> +Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson<br /> +<br /> +Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text<br /> +November 28, 1951<br /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas<br /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1951<br /> +<img src="images/union_label.png" width="71" height="26" title="Look for the Union Label" alt="Look for the Union Label" /><br /> +23-7607<br /> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 89]</span></p> + +<div class="caption2">Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway</div> +<br /> +<div class="caption3"> +BY<br /> +<br /> +ROLLIN H. BAKER<br /> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption2">INTRODUCTION</div> + +<p>Mammals from along the Alaska Highway were obtained for the +University of Kansas Museum of Natural History in the summers +of 1947 and 1948 by Mr. J. R. Alcorn, field representative of the +Museum. He and his family visited Alberta, British Columbia, the +Yukon Territory and Alaska in an automobile and trailer from June +9, 1947, to September 6, 1947, and again from June 8, 1948, to +August 24, 1948. In 1947, considerable time was spent by Alcorn +in Alaska; trips were made on the Steese Highway to Circle and +on the Glenn Highway to Anchorage. In 1948, most of the collecting +was done in British Columbia and in the Yukon Territory but +a side trip was taken to Haines, Alaska. The collecting stations are +shown in <a href="#fig_1">figure 1</a>. Alcorn's 1,252 specimens include several large +series from areas where few or no mammals had been taken +previously. Time spent at each collecting station was of short duration +(usually less than three days) and although 56 species and +subspecies of mammals are represented in the collections, it is +recognized that not all of the kinds of mammals at any one locality +were taken.</p> + +<p>For the loan of comparative mammalian material, grateful acknowledgment +is made to officials of the following institutions: +California Academy of Sciences; Biological Surveys collection of +the U. S. National Museum; Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C.; +National Museum of Canada. The promptness of officials of the +game commissions of the provinces and territories concerned, in +providing permits for collecting also is acknowledged. A part of +the funds for field work was made available by a grant from the +Kansas University Endowment Association. Elevations above sea +level are given in feet. Capitalized color terms refer to those in +Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, +D. C., 1912.</p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 90]</span> +<a name="fig_1"></a> +<div class="center"> + <img src="images/fig_1.png" width="479" height="600" title="Specimen Locality Map" alt="Specimen Locality Map" /> +</div> +<div class="caption3nb"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Map showing localities where J. R. Alcorn collected mammals in Alaska, Yukon<br /> Territory, British Columbia, and Alberta, in 1947 and 1948.</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 91]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3nb">COLLECTING LOCALITIES SHOWN IN FIGURE 1.</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb smcap">Alaska</div> +<br /> +<table width="100%" summary="Alaska locations"> +<tr><td> +<table style="text-align: left;" summary="sublist"> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 1. </td><td class="ind3em">Circle.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 2. </td><td class="ind3em">Twelve Mile Summit, Steese Highway.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 3. </td><td class="ind3em">Chatanika River, 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 4. </td><td class="ind3em">1 mi. SW Fairbanks.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 5. </td><td class="ind3em">North side Salcha River, 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 6. </td><td class="ind3em">Richardson Highway, 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 7. </td><td class="ind3em">Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction.</td></tr> +</table></td><td> </td><td><table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 8. </td><td class="ind3em">Tok Junction.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 9. </td><td class="ind3em">Fish Creek, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 10. </td><td class="ind3em">East side Deadman Lake, 15 mi. SE Northway.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 11. </td><td class="ind3em">Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 12. </td><td class="ind3em">1 mi. NE Anchorage.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 13. </td><td class="ind3em">East side Chilkat River, 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="vtop"> 14. </td><td class="ind3em">1 mi. S Haines.</td></tr> +</table> +</td></tr> +</table> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb smcap">Yukon Territory</div> +<br /> +<table summary="Yukon Territory locations"> +<tr><td width="50%" class="vtop"> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td colspan=2><p>To avoid undue crowding, or overlapping, + of symbols, two or more collecting + localities, in some instances, are represented + by a single symbol (solid circle) in <a href="#fig_1">figure 1</a>.</p><br /></td></tr> + <tr><td> 15. </td><td>Junction Grafe and Edith Creeks.<br /></td></tr> + <tr><td> 16. </td><td>6 mi. SW Kluane.<br /></td></tr> + <tr><td> 17. </td><td>East side Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon.<br /></td></tr> + <tr><td> 18. </td><td>25 mi. NW Whitehorse.<br /></td></tr> + <tr><td> 19. </td><td> + <table style="text-align: left;" summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:4em;">{</div></td><td>2 mi. NNW Whitehorse.<br>McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse.<br>1 mi. NE Whitehorse.<br>½ mi. W Whitehorse.</td></tr> + </table><br /> + </td></tr> + <tr><td> 20. </td><td>West side Lewes River, 2 mi. S Whitehorse.</td></tr> + </table> +</td><td> </td><td><td width="50%"> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td> 21. </td><td> + <table style="text-align: left;" summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:3em;">{</div></td><td>Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River.<br>Champagne, North side Dezadeash Lake.<br>SW end Dezadeash Lake.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + <tr><td> 22. </td><td> + <table style="text-align: left;" summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:4em;">{</div></td><td>5 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse.<br>2 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse.<br>West side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse.<br>East side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + <tr><td> 23. </td><td> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:2em;">{</div></td><td>Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post.<br>Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + <tr><td> 24. </td><td> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:2em;">{</div></td><td>1½ mi. E Tatshenshini River, 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + </table> +</td></tr> +</table> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb smcap">British Columbia</div> +<br /> +<table width="100%" summary="BC locations"> +<tr><td width="50%" class="vtop"> + <table width="100%" summary="sublist"> + <tr><td> 25. </td><td>1 mi. NW junction of Irons Creek and Liard River.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 26. </td><td>Screw Creek, 10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 27. </td><td> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:2em;">{</div></td><td>15 mi. NW Kelsall Lake.<br />Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + <tr><td> 28. </td><td>14 mi. N Fort Halkett, West side Smith River.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 29. </td><td>West side Mt. Glave, 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 30. </td><td>North side Liard River, Fort Halkett.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 31. </td><td> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td><div style="font-size:3em;">{</div></td><td>Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW junction Trout River and Liard River.<br />North side Liard River, ½ mi. W junction Trout River and Liard River.<br /> + ¼ mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + </table> + </td><td> </td><td><td width="50%" class="vtop"> + <table width="100%" summary="sublist"> + <tr><td> 32. </td><td>12 mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 33. </td><td> + <table summary="sublist"> + <tr><td style="font-size:2em">{</td><td>NE end Muncho Lake.<br />SE end Muncho Lake.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> + <tr><td> 34. </td><td>10 mi. W Fort Nelson.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 35. </td><td>North side Muskwa River, 4 mi. W Fort Nelson.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 36. </td><td>South side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 37. </td><td>Summit Pass, 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 38. </td><td>North Fork Tetsa River, 4 mi. ENE Summit Pass.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 39. </td><td>East side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 40. </td><td>Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 41. </td><td>Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson.</td></tr> + <tr><td> 42. </td><td>5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John.</td></tr> + </table> + </td></tr> +</table> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3nb smcap">Alberta</div> +<br /> +<table summary="Alberta location"> + <tr><td> 43. </td><td>Assineau River, 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso.</td></tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 92]</span></p> +<div class="caption2">ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr</div> + +<div class="caption3">Cinereous Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sorex arcticus cinereus</i> Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 206, 1792. (Type +from Fort Severn, Ontario, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Sorex cinereus cinereus</i> Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, February 9, +1925.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 56, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: Chatanika River, 700 +ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 3; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S +and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 10; Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, +2; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 1. <i>Yukon +Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 2; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 2; SW end +Dezadeash Lake, 4; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 10. <i>British +Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall +River, 9; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; ¼ mi. +S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 4; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. +<i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Shrews from extreme northwestern British Columbia +(Stonehouse Creek) average slightly larger than typical S. c. +cinereus, especially in length of tail. These animals show definite +evidence of intergradation with the larger subspecies, <i>S. c. streatori</i>, +but are referable to <i>S. c. cinereus</i>. The pallor of some shrews from +east-central Alaska (Chatanika River and Salcha River) suggests +intergradation with the pale <i>S. c. hollisteri</i>.</p> + +<p>Alcorn found the cinereous shrew at most of his trapping stations. +It was captured in mouse traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats; +one was taken in a trap baited with a grasshopper. Rand (1944:35) +and Alcorn each found this shrew to be one of the commoner +mammals along the Alaska Highway, but Alcorn did not find it to be +so abundant as some of the rodents in areas in which he trapped. +The cinereous shrew was taken principally in moist woodlands, +grassy areas, and adjacent to water. One female taken on July 18 +was lactating.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex cinereus streatori Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Cinereous Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sorex personatus streatori</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:62, December +31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 93]</span></p> +<p><i>Sorex cinereus streatori</i> Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, February 9, +1925.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 19, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: E side Chilkat River, +100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 10; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 9.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Average and extreme external measurements of the +nine adult specimens from 1 mile south of Haines are as follows: +Total length, 103 (98-105); tail, 45 (43-46); and condylobasal +length, 16.2 (16.0-16.4). Corresponding measurements of an adult +specimen (No. 1676, UKMNH) from Sitka, Alaska, are 108, 47, and +16.5. Measurements of ten adult specimens from the Chilkat River, +9 miles west and 4 miles north of Haines, are 100 (91-106), 44 +(40-50), 16.0 (15.5-16.5). The slightly smaller average size of the +latter specimens indicates a trend toward the smaller <i>S. c. cinereus</i>, +which occurs farther inland. Skulls of some of the specimens from +the Chilkat River have a more slender rostrum than those of the +specimens from 1 mile south of Haines, and more nearly resemble +<i>S. c. cinereus</i> in this respect. Evidently, as indicated by Jackson +(1928:54), <i>S. c. streatori</i> occupies only an extremely narrow strip +of mainland in the vicinity of Haines.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex cinereus hollisteri Jackson</div> + +<div class="caption3">Cinereous Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sorex cinereus hollisteri</i> Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:55, February 9, +1925. (Type from St. Michael, Alaska.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Two from <i>Alaska</i>: 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Both specimens of this pale subspecies were trapped, +along with six <i>Clethrionomys</i> and one <i>Mus</i>, in a grassy area bordered +on one side by the road and on the other by a spruce forest. No. +21069, ♂?, taken on August 21, is in molt, with one patch of new +fur on the rump and another along the midline of the nape and +shoulders.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Dusky Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sorex obscurus</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, +1895. (Type from near Timber Creek, altitude 8200 ft., Salmon River +Mountains, now Lemhi Mountains, 10 miles west of Junction, Lemhi +County, Idaho.)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 94]</span></p> +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 12, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre +Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2; 1½ mi. +S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, +5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 +ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 1; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 1. <i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 +mi. N Kinuso, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Some of the shrews taken in extreme southwestern +Yukon Territory (1½ miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton Post) +and in extreme northwestern British Columbia (Stonehouse Creek +and Mt. Glave) show evidence of intergradation with the coastal +subspecies, <i>S. o. alascensis</i>, in length of hind foot. These individuals +have a long hind foot (14 and 15); the hind feet of specimens from +the other localities listed measure 13 and 14.</p> + +<p>Alcorn, like Rand (1944:35), found the dusky shrew to be less +common than the cinereous shrew; both were taken in the same +trap lines. The dusky shrew was taken at a higher altitude (4000 +feet, on Mt. Glave) than the cinereous shrew.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex obscurus shumaginensis Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Dusky Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sorex alascensis shumaginensis</i> Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., +2:18, March 14, 1900. (Type from Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, +Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Sorex obscurus shumaginensis</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. +Hist, 16:228, July 12, 1902.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 3, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: 1 mi. NE Anchorage, +100 ft., 1; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—These three shrews, in comparison with those referred +to <i>S. o. obscurus</i>, are paler, and the one complete skull has a slightly +higher braincase. All of the specimens were obtained in grassy +areas adjacent to the roadway.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex obscurus alascensis Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Dusky Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sorex obscurus alascensis</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76, December +31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 22, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: E side Chilkat River, +100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 10.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Sorex palustris navigator (Baird)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Water Shrew</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Neosorex navigator</i> Baird, Report Pacific R. R. Survey, 8, pt. 1, +Mammals, p. 11, 1857. (Type from near head of Yakima River, Cascade +Mountains, Washington.)</p> + +<p><i>Sorex</i> (<i>Neosorex</i>) <i>palustris navigator</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:92, +December 31, 1895.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 95]</span> +<i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 20, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: E side Chilkat River, +100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 11; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2; 1½ mi. S +and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, +5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Those males with worn teeth seem to have a slightly +longer and deeper rostrum with a larger, more inflated cranium +than specimens of <i>S. p. navigator</i> from Washington, but in other +ways resemble typical <i>S. p. navigator</i>. An adult male, with slightly +worn teeth, from Dezadeash Lake has sagittal and lambdoidal +crests. All of the water shrews were taken in July and early August +and at the edge of water in traps baited with rolled oats. None of +the females had embryos.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (LeConte)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Little Brown Bat</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Vespertilio lucifugus</i> LeConte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, +vol. 1, appendix, p. 431, 1831. (Type from Georgia; probably the +LeConte plantation, near Riceboro, Liberty County.)</p> + +<p><i>Myotis lucifugus</i> Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:59, October 16, 1897.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Thirty-eight from <i>British Columbia</i>: NE end +Muncho Lake.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The 38 bats were from a colony of approximately 75 +individuals, found on the south side of a house. The paper was +loose and had buckled in numerous places allowing room for the +bats to ensconce themselves between the paper and outside wall.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Myotis lucifugus alascensis Miller</div> + +<div class="caption3">Little Brown Bat</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Myotis lucifugus alascensis</i> Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:63, October +16, 1897. (Type from Sitka, Alaska.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—One from <i>British Columbia</i>: Screw Creek, 10 mi. S +and 50 mi. E Teslin.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The specimen is considerably darker both above and +below than either of two specimens of <i>M. l. alascensis</i> from Red +Bluff Bay, Alaska. Alcorn searched ten frame buildings in an +abandoned camp on the east side of Screw Creek, for bats and +found only the one bat. It was above some droppings. No droppings +were found in other buildings.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Ochotona collaris (Nelson)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Collared Pika</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Lagomys collaris</i> Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 8:117, December +21, 1893. (Type from near head of Tanana River, about 200 miles +south of Fort Yukon, Alaska.)</p> + +<p>[<i>Ochotona</i>] <i>collaris</i> Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., p. 648, 1897.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 14, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse +Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 1; W side Mt. +Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 13.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 96]</span></p> +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—In comparing specimens obtained by Alcorn with published +descriptions of <i>O. collaris</i> in Howell (1924:35), it appeared +that measurable geographic variation might be present in this +monotypic species. Accordingly, comparisons were made with +materials in the Biological Surveys collection of the U. S. National +Museum, the Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C., and the National +Museum of Canada. A comparison of specimens of similar ages +showed that no subspecific separation is justified although animals +from the Yukon Territory, British Columbia, and Northwest Territories, +as compared with available material from Alaska, tend to be +grayer in color and longer in total length with a slightly larger skull +and greater alveolar length of molariform tooth-row in both upper +and lower jaws.</p> + +<p>Specimens used for comparison were from the following localities: +<i>Alaska</i>: Mts. near Eagle (USBS), 15; 200 mi. S Fort Yukon +(USBS), 2; Upper Little Delta River, Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes +region (USBS), 1; Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 3; +Little Delta River, Slate Creek, Red Mt. Camp, Mt. Hayes region +(USBS), 1; Muldron Glacier, Mt. McKinley (USBS), 2; Mt. +McKinley (USBS), 3; Summit of Chugach Mts., on Richardson +Highway, N of Valdez (USBS), 1; Chitina River Glacier (Nat. +Mus. Canada), 3. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McMillan Pass, Canol Road, +mile 282 (Nat. Mus. Canada), 2; Rose River, Canol Road, mile 95 +(Nat. Mus. Canada), 8; Tepee Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1; +Conrad (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1; near Teslin Lake (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 1. <i>Northwest Territories</i>: headwaters of Caracajou +River, Canol Road, mile 111E (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. <i>British +Columbia</i>: White Mt., Moose Arm, Tagish Lake, Atlin (Prov. Mus., +Victoria, B.C.), 2.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Lepus americanus macfarlani Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Varying Hare</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Lepus americanus macfarlani</i> Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., +2:30, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, near mouth of +Anderson River, Mackenzie, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 3, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: W side Lewes +River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 1; 5 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. +S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. <i>British Columbia</i>: 14 mi. N Fort Halkett, W +side Smith River, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Alcorn reports seeing few hares on his two trips to +Alaska. Near the Miniker River, a geologist told him that the numbers +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 97]</span> +of these animals had steadily declined since 1943. One of +three seen in a spruce forest on July 8, 1947, near Whitehorse was +taken by Alcorn. A young one was captured in a rat trap in a building +near the Teslin River on July 5 of the same year.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis A. H. Howell</div> + +<div class="caption3">Red Squirrel</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis</i> A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. +Washington, 49:135, August 22, 1936. (Type from Raspberry Creek, +about 30 mi. SE of Telegraph Creek, northern British Columbia.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 18, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre +Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. +SW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. +<i>British Columbia</i>: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 1; ¼ mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 3; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E +Muncho Lake, 3; Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, +8.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Rand (1944:42) experienced difficulty in assigning +subspecific names to red squirrels taken along the Alaska Highway +in northern British Columbia. Some variability as found by Rand +is noted in adults taken by Alcorn in this area. All of the specimens +assigned to <i>T. h. columbiensis</i> have a darker tail and more tawny +feet than <i>T. h. preblei</i>. The average of skulls of adults is smaller +than the skull of an adult of <i>T. h. preblei</i> from Yerrick Creek, Alaska.</p> + +<p>Alcorn obtained most of the squirrels in rat traps and steel traps, +using "chewed" rolled oats as well as bits of fish and mouse bodies +as bait.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Tamiasciurus hudsonicus petulans (Osgood)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Red Squirrel</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sciurus hudsonicus petulans</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:27, October +6, 1900. (Type from Glacier, White Pass, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>T[amiasciurus]. hudsonicus petulans</i> A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. +Washington, 49:136, August 22, 1936.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 7, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +2. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; 1½ mi. E Tatshenshini +River, 1½mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 4.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens from extreme southwestern Yukon Territory +appear to be referable to this subspecies. The one adult female +(skull only, with body measurements) from the southwestern end +of Dezadeash Lake has a shorter skull than does any adult female +of <i>T. h. columbiensis</i>. No skins of adults are in the series, but the +skins of three subadults have darker upper parts, a darker tail and +less olivaceous sides than <i>T. h. columbiensis</i>.</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 98]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei A. H. Howell</div> + +<div class="caption3">Red Squirrel</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei</i> A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. +Washington, 49:133, August 22, 1936. (Type from Fort Simpson, +Mackenzie District, Northwestern Territories.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 3, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: Chatanika River, 700 +ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 1; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. +S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok +Junction, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—In comparison with specimens of <i>T. h. hudsonicus</i> +from Iskwasum Lake, District of the Pas, Manitoba, the squirrel +from Yerrick Creek, an adult female, is larger and paler on the +upper parts and tail.</p> + +<p>The squirrel taken at Yerrick Creek was captured in a rat trap; +Alcorn found these animals to be "fairly common" in that area. +He obtained no evidence that the natives use them for food.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Marmota monax ochracea Swarth</div> + +<div class="caption3">Woodchuck</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Marmota ochracea</i> Swarth, Univ. California Publ. Zoöl., 7:203, February +18, 1911. (Type from Forty-mile Creek, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Marmota monax ochracea</i> A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 37:34, +April 7, 1915.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 3, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 2.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Citellus parryii plesius (Osgood)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Parry Ground Squirrel</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Spermophilis empetra plesius</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:29, October +6, 1900. (Type from Bennett City, head of Lake Bennett, British +Columbia.)</p> + +<p><i>Citellus paryii plesius</i> A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 56:97, May 18, +1938.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 42, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: Richardson Highway, +2000 ft., 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta, 5. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW +Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. +NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; 1 mi. NE Whitehorse, 1; ½ mi. W Whitehorse, +2150 ft., 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 7; 1½ mi. E Tatshenshini River, 1½ mi. S and +3 mi. E Dalton Post, 3. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 14; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. +S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 7.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The specimens vary much in color; most color variation +is the result of wear and fading. In pallor of coloration the +specimens taken on August 16 along the Richardson Highway, 32 +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 99]</span> +miles south and 4 miles west of Big Delta, Alaska, show some +resemblance to <i>C. p. ablusus</i>, which occurs to the westward, although +in other diagnostic characters these specimens are typically +<i>C. p. plesius</i>.</p> + +<p>Specimens in early stages of molt were taken on July 3, 4, and 14; +another specimen in an advanced stage of molt was obtained on +July 10. One melanistic individual was taken one mile northeast +of Whitehorse on July 11.</p> + +<p>Alcorn found these ground squirrels locally abundant, especially +in the vicinity of Whitehorse in Yukon Territory. A large population +was observed along the highway west of the Teslin River; +animals were seen for several miles along the road, principally in +open coniferous forests where there was little or no underbrush. +Alcorn caught several animals near the city dump at Whitehorse. +Along the Richardson Highway he observed these ground squirrels +almost continuously for approximately ten miles. He comments +that the animals appeared to be more numerous in the man-cleared +areas along the highway than in "unmolested areas farther back +from the highway." Specimens were taken with collecting gun and +in rat traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Eutamias minimus borealis (J. A. Allen)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Least Chipmunk</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Tamias asiaticus borealis</i> J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, p. +793, August, 1877. (Type from Fort Liard, Mackenzie, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Eutamias minimus borealis</i> A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, +August 4, 1922.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 10, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: N side +Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. +W Trutch, 5; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W. and 3 mi. N +Fort St. John, 1. <i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N +Kinuso, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens with worn pelage are conspicuously paler +and grayer than those in fresh pelage. Chipmunks in early stages +of molt with fresh pelage extending posteriorly to the middle of +the dorsal part of the back were taken on June 19, 20, and 22; others +in fresh pelage above, except for the hind quarters, were taken on +June 15 and on September 2.</p> + +<p>Alcorn found this species nowhere abundant; for example, in +187 museum special traps set near Charlie Lake, 5 miles west and +3 miles north of Fort St. John, in British Columbia, he took only +one chipmunk.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 100]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Eutamias minimus caniceps Osgood</div> + +<div class="caption3">Least Chipmunk</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Eutamias caniceps</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:28, October 6, 1900. +(Type from Lake Lebarge, Yukon Territory.)</p> + +<p><i>Eutamias minimus caniceps</i> A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:184, +August 4, 1922.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 36, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW +Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 3; 2 mi. +NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, +1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 10; 5 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and +53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1; W side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, +2; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 5. <i>British Columbia</i>: +1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 2; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S +and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 6; Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 3.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Some of the specimens taken between Summit Pass +and Toad River show evidence of intergradation between the paler +and grayer <i>E. m. caniceps</i> and the brighter and browner <i>E. m. +borealis</i>. Rand (1944:41) also found evidence of intergradation +between these two subspecies in this area.</p> + +<p>Along the highway, Alcorn found this species to be somewhat +more abundant in the Yukon Territory than in British Columbia. +He often found the animals occupying abandoned road camps; +seemingly they were more numerous in these areas than in undisturbed +natural habitat.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus (Osgood)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Flying Squirrel</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Sciuropterus alpinus zaphaeus</i> Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +18:133, April 18, 1905. (Type from Helm Bay, Cleveland Peninsula, +southeastern Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus</i> A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 44:43, +June 13, 1918.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—One from <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E +Dalton Post, 2500 ft.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Although comparative material is not available at +this writing, descriptions in the literature indicate that this single +adult female belongs to the coastal form, <i>G. s. zaphaeus</i>. In both +color and in cranial and external measurements, this specimen appears +to agree closely with descriptions given by Howell (1918:43) +and by Cowan (1937:78 and 82), although its measurements are also +in the range of those given for <i>G. s. alpinus</i> by Cowan (<i>loc. cit.</i>). +It may be pointed out that Swarth (1936:402) regarded a specimen +from 15 miles south of Atlin, British Columbia, as <i>G. s. alpinus</i>.</p> + +<p>Measurements of Alcorn's specimen are as follows: total length, +331; tail, 143; hind foot, 42; ear from notch, 23; greatest length of +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 101]</span> +skull, 41.7; zygomatic breadth, 25.7; mastoid breadth, 21.7; length +of nasals, 12.2; length maxillary tooth-row, 8.2; interorbital constriction, +8.2; and postorbital constriction, 9.0.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Castor canadensis sagittatus Benson</div> + +<div class="caption3">Beaver</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Castor canadensis sagittatus</i> Benson, Jour. Mamm., 14:320, November +13, 1933. (Type from Indianpoint Creek, 3200 ft., 16 mi. NE +Barkerville, British Columbia.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Two from <i>British Columbia</i>: Fort Halkett, N side +Liard River.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Two beaver skulls obtained by Alcorn from trapper +Johnny Pie appear to be of this subspecies. Anderson (1947:133) +records this subspecies from the Liard River, in the area from which +these specimens were taken. The trapper told Alcorn that he shot +these two beavers in the winter of 1947-48 and hung the skulls in +a tree.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Peromyscus maniculatus algidus Osgood</div> + +<div class="caption3">White-footed Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Peromyscus maniculatus algidus</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 28:56, +April 17, 1909. (Type from head of Lake Bennett, site of old Bennett +City, British Columbia.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 93, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: E side Chilkat River, +100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 20; 1 mi. W Haines, 5 ft., 7. <i>Yukon +Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 10; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. +NW Whitehorse, 6; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 16; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 9; 1½ mi. S and +3 mi. E Dalton Post, 15. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 8.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens from the localities listed above are in the +geographic range of <i>P. m. algidus</i> as outlined by Anderson (1947: +136). Specimens from the vicinity of Haines, Alaska, are slightly +darker indicating intergradation with <i>P. m. hylaeus</i>; Osgood (1909a: +54 and 56) also noted that intergradation between <i>P. m. algidus</i> and +<i>P. m. hylaeus</i> occurs in this area.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Peromyscus maniculatus borealis Mearns</div> + +<div class="caption3">White-footed Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Peromyscus maniculatus borealis</i> Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +24:102, May 15, 1911. Substitute name for <i>P. m. arcticus</i> Mearns. +(Type from Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 214, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 2 mi. W +Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 8; W side Teslin +River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 24; E side Teslin River, +2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 7. <i>British Columbia</i>: 1 mi. NW +jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 10; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 102]</span> +River and Liard River, 6; N side Liard River, ½ mi. W jct. Trout River and +Liard River, 13; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 20; SE end Muncho +Lake, 5; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 45; N +side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 9; North Fork Tetsa River, +3900 ft., 4 mi. ENE Summit Pass, 13; Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 +mi. W Fort Nelson, 17; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 18; Beatton +River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 2; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 7. +<i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 10.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens from 2 miles west of Teslin River resemble +<i>P. m. borealis</i> more than <i>P. m. algidus</i> both in size of skull and in +color, although I find it difficult to distinguish the specimens by +color.</p> + +<p>Alcorn, like Rand (1945:43), found the mouse in almost every +habitat along the Alaska Highway. On the east side of the Minaker +River, one mile west of Trutch, Alcorn took 26 <i>Peromyscus</i> and +four <i>Microtus</i> in 70 museum special traps baited with chewed +rolled oats, set in a grassy area where there were birches and clumps +of willows. <i>Peromyscus</i> was usually abundant in old construction +camps along the highway; on July 27 in 50 traps set under +abandoned buildings at Summit Pass, Alcorn took 21 <i>Peromyscus</i>. +Apparently, as Swarth (1936:402) notes, the white-footed mouse +makes itself at home in such buildings, and local populations probably +increase as a result of the artificial environment that provides +favorable conditions for existence.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Neotoma cinerea drummondii (Richardson)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Bushy-tailed Wood Rat</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Myoxus drummondii</i> Richardson, Zool. Jour., 3:517, 1828. (Type +probably from near Jasper House, Alberta, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Neotoma cinerea drummondii</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +7:25, April 13, 1892.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 4, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: Summit +Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W of Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. +N Fort St. John, 3.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Wood rats were obtained at only two locations, +Alcorn's field notes indicating that the animals were rare and spotty +in distribution. Rand (1944:44) comments that the rats were +"scarce north of the Lower Liard Crossing."</p> + +<p>At both localities where specimens were taken, Alcorn noted +first their characteristic droppings. At Summit Pass, droppings were +found in a rock slide at the upper limit of timber line; one rat was +taken. At the trapping station five miles west and three miles north +of Fort St. John, droppings were found in and under an old abandoned +building; four young (two prepared) and one adult were +obtained.</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 103]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Synaptomys borealis dalli Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Northern Bog Lemming</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Synaptomys</i> (<i>Mictomys</i>) <i>dalli</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +10:62, March 19, 1896. (Type from Nulato, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Synaptomys borealis dalli</i> A. B. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 50:24, +(June 30) August 5, 1927.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 6, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: E side Deadman Lake, +1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 1. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., +3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 5.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The northern bog lemming is evidently not generally +distributed along the Alaska Highway but may be locally numerous +in cover of grass and sedge especially in marsh and bog habitat. +Five specimens were obtained in a grassy area 30 feet wide by 60 +feet long which was approximately 50 feet from McIntyre Creek +in the Yukon Territory. In 22 mouse traps set the first night in this +locality, three <i>Synaptomys</i>, six <i>Microtus</i> and one <i>Sorex</i> were taken. +One additional <i>Synaptomys</i> was taken on each of the following two +nights in the same area. At Deadman Lake, Alaska, one <i>Synaptomys</i> +was taken in heavy sedge bordering a small pond.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni (Merriam)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Dawson Red-backed Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Evotomys dawsoni</i> Merriam, Amer. Nat., 22:650, July, 1888. (Type +from Finlayson River, a northern source of the Liard River, lat. 61° 30' +N, long. 129° 30' W, Yukon, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni</i> Rausch, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., +40:135, April 21, 1950.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 126, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: Chatanika River, 700 +ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 17; 1 mi. SW Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; N +side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 15; 25 mi. S and +20 mi. E Fairbanks, 3; Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 32; +Tok Junction, 1600 ft., 1; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, +9; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft., 9; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe +Lake, 1; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2; +1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 2. <i>Yukon <a name="Territory"></a><a href="#typos">Territory</a></i>: Jct. Grafe Creek and Edith Creek, +2; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 4; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W side +Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 6; SW end Desadeash Lake, 15. +<i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 1; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; +Summit Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens from one mile northeast of Anchorage show +little tendency toward <i>C. r. orca</i> from the Prince William Sound +area (see Orr, 1945:73). One specimen from this locality is slightly +darker than the others.</p> + +<p>Red-backed mice were numerous in most localities where Alcorn +trapped. A number of specimens were taken adjacent to and within +abandoned road camps, where second growth vegetation was rank. +As in the case of <i>C. gapperi</i>, he found <i>C. rutilus</i> in varied habitats.</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 104]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae (Preble)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Red-backed Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Evotomys gapperi athabascae</i> Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 27:178, October +26, 1908. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave Lake, Mackenzie District, +Northwest Territories, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae</i> Harper, Jour. Mamm., 13:28, February +9, 1932.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 14, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: N side +Muska River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. +W Trutch, 3; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 4. <i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, +1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 6.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—These red-backed mice were taken in various habitats: +grassy areas in aspen and poplar forest, heavy spruce forest with no +undergrowth excepting lichens and moss, thick underbrush in river +flood plain, and at the site of an old sawmill. The northwestern +distribution of this species along the Alaska Highway as found by +Alcorn is approximately the same as that found by Rand (1944:44).</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Ondatra zibethicus spatulatus (Osgood)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Muskrat</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Fiber spatulatus</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:36, October 6, 1900. +(Type from Lake Marsh, Yukon, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Ondatra zibethica spatulata</i> Miller, N. Amer. Land <a name="Mamm"></a><a href="#typos">Mamm.</a> 1911, p. +231, December 31, 1912.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 2, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: N side Salcha River, +600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., +15 mi. NE Northway, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—One muskrat was shot in an old beaver pond on the +north side of the Salcha River. A skull from a carcass, that had been +left by a trapper the previous winter, was obtained at Deadman +Lake.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii Preble</div> + +<div class="caption3">Lemming Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Phenacomys mackenzii</i> Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:182, +August 6, 1902. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave River, Mackenzie, +Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii</i> Crowe, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. +Hist, 80:403, February 4, 1943.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimen examined.</i>—One from <i>Yukon Territory</i>: SE end Dezadeash Lake.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—A subadult taken only a few miles from the Alaskan +border in Yukon Territory constitutes an extension of the known +range of this species to the northwest. The mouse is evidently +rare or irregular in its distribution since Alcorn did considerable +trapping in the area from which only one was taken.</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 105]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus pennsylvanicus</div> + +<div class="caption3">Pennsylvania Meadow Mouse</div> + +<p>The Pennsylvania meadow mouse is an abundant mammal along +the Alaska Highway. Alcorn obtained specimens at most of his +trapping stations, frequently in company with <i>Microtus oeconomus</i> +at the more northern localities. A preferred habitat was grassy +areas and willow clumps along streams or at the edges of lakes. +The best catches were made along well-used runways, especially +where there were piles of cut grass. These runways were used also +by <i>Clethrionomys</i> and other small animals. Specimens of <i>M. +pennsylvanicus</i> were frequently taken in the daytime; one was +taken on June 29 as it was swimming at the edge of a small lake +near the junction of the Liard River and Irons Creek in British +Columbia.</p> + +<p>Lacking sufficient comparative material in the past, most workers +have considered that <i>M. pennsylvanicus</i> ranges without appreciable +geographic variation throughout most of northwestern Canada +and Alaska, where it has been referred to the subspecies, <i>M. p. +drummondii</i>. Dale (1940), in studying collections made in British +Columbia and southeastern Alaska, found evidence of geographic +variation and recognized two new subspecies; thus he not only +pointed out geographically variable characters but reduced the size +of the range ascribed to <i>M. p. drummondii</i>. A later work by Rand +(1943) considered the northwestern populations of <i>M. pennsylvanicus</i> +as being too variable to show distinctive groupings. The +large collection made by Alcorn offers evidence that other separable +subspecies with constant characters are present. Study of this material +indicates the presence of two unnamed subspecies, which are +named and described as follows:</p> +<p> </p> + +<a name="alcorni"></a> +<div class="caption3">Microtus pennsylvanicus alcorni new subspecies</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<p><i>Type.</i>—Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21552, Univ. Kansas, Mus. Nat. +Hist., 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 feet elevation, Yukon Territory, Canada; 24 +August 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5240.</p> + +<p><i>Range.</i>—Extreme southwestern Yukon Territory and adjacent parts of +Alaska as far south as Haines, as far north as Northway, and as far west +along the Alaskan coast as Anchorage and Tyonek.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size large (see <a href="#measurements1">measurements</a>); color of upper parts near (<i>l</i>) +Brussels Brown; skull noticeably ridged; zygomatic arches heavy, rounded and +relatively short; rostrum heavy; auditory bullae not greatly expanded; maxillary +teeth relatively heavy and low-crowned.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>M. p. drummondii</i> (specimens from vicinity of Whitehorse, +Y. T., Trutch, B. C., and Kinuso, Alberta), <i>M. p. alcorni</i> differs as follows: +Averaging larger in all measurements taken except lengths of tail and +hind foot, which are the same; color of upper parts slightly paler and more +gray and less brown; underparts paler; zygomatic arches heavier, rounder +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 106]</span> +and shorter; skull proportionately more massive, except the auditory bullae +which are less inflated; maxillary teeth heavier and lower-crowned.</p> + +<p>From <i>M. p. rubidus</i> (specimens from Atlin, B. C.), <i>M. p. alcorni</i> differs as +follows: Averaging larger in all cranial measurements taken except length of +the maxillary tooth-row which is the same; color of upperparts more gray and +less brown; underparts darker; skull longer with longer nasals and heavier +zygomatic arches; skull of adult more heavily ridged.</p> + +<p>From <i>M. p. admiraltiae</i> (specimens from Admiralty Island), <i>M. p. alcorni</i> +differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements taken; color of upper +parts more gray and less brown, underparts darker.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—<i>Microtus p. alcorni</i> is a well-defined subspecies differing +markedly from adjacent subspecies by a larger and heavier +skull and broader, more rounded and heavier zygomatic arches. +Characters examined in the specimens available are constant. +Specimens from Haines are slightly darker than those from Kluane. +An adult (No. 21534, UKMNH) from Northway has slightly more +inflated auditory bullae than those from Kluane. An adult from +Tyonek (No. 986, UKMNH) has richer brown upper parts. Measurements +of this specimen resemble closely those of animals from +Kluane, although the rostrum is noticably heavier.</p> + +<p>Several adults were available from many of the localities of occurrence +of <i>M. p. alcorni</i>. At the locality 9 miles west and 4 miles +north of Haines, there were four which were considered to be old +adults. These four had larger measurements than others considered +to be fully adult. In addition, the skulls were larger and more +rugged. There were occasionally old adults in other series. For +the sake of uniformity, I have not considered these aforementioned +old adults in the comparative studies of younger adults. This subspecies +is named in honor of J(oseph). R(aymond). Alcorn, the collector.</p> + +<div class="smaller"> +<a name="measurements1"></a><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Average and extreme measurements of six adults of both +sexes of <i>M. p. alcorni</i> from the type locality are as follows: Total length, 162 +(149-172); length of tail, 43 (39-45); condylobasal length, 26.3 (25.6-26.3); +basal length, 25.2 (24.2-25.9); length of nasals, 7.3 (6.9-7.5); zygomatic +breadth, 15.3 (14.9-15.6); breadth across auditory bullae, 12.8 (12.4-13.2); +alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.4 (6.1-6.7). Seven adults of +both sexes from 9 miles west and 4 miles north of Haines have the following +measurements: 158 (148-165); 45 (41-50); 26.1 (25.5-26.8); 24.8 (24.4-25.7); +7.3 (7.0-7.6); 14.9 (14.3-15.1); 12.2 (11.8-13.0); 6.2 (5.9-6.3).</p> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 65, distributed by localities of capture as follows +and deposited in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History: +<i>Alaska</i>: E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 7; 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Tyonek, Cook's Inlet, 1; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., +9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 37. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 +ft., 14; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 +ft., 3. Specimens reported by Osgood (1904:35) have not been seen by me +but may be of this subspecies, and are tentatively referred to it. These are +from the following localities in Alaska: Lake Clark near Keejik, near the +mouth of the Chulitna River, and Kakhtul River near the junction with the +Malchatna.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 107]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus pennsylvanicus tananaensis new subspecies</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<p><i>Type.</i>—Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21509, Univ. Kansas, Mus. Nat. +Hist., Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, Alaska; 20 July +1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5023.</p> + +<p><i>Range.</i>—East-central Alaska as far south as Tok Junction, as far west as +Mt. McKinley, as far north as Fairbanks and as far east as Eagle.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium (see <a href="#measurements2">measurements</a>); color of upper parts dark, +near (<i>n</i>) Prout's Brown, with some individual variation; skull with zygomatic +arches moderately heavy and wide; nasals relatively long; auditory bullae +inflated.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>M. p. alcorni</i> (see <a href="#alcorni">description</a>), <i>M. p. tananaensis</i> +differs as follows: Smaller in all measurements taken except alveolar length +of upper molariform tooth-row which is the same; color of upper parts darker, +more richly brown and less gray; underparts darker; zygomatic arches less +massive and narrower; auditory bullae larger and more inflated.</p> + +<p>From <i>M. p. drummondii</i> (see <a href="#alcorni">comparisons</a> under <i>M. p. alcorni</i>), <i>M. p. +tananaensis</i> differs as follows: Larger in all cranial measurements taken except +nasal length which is the same; color everywhere slightly darker; wider +across zygomatic arches; zygoma thicker; nasals, relative to length of skull, +shorter; auditory bullae larger and more inflated.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—For the most part the material available of this subspecies +consisted of subadults; however, comparison of adults with +those of adjacent subspecies indicates that this subspecies can be +distinguished by color of the upper parts, cranial measurements, +and size of the zygomatic arches and the auditory bullae. Specimens +from 14 miles east and 25 miles north of Fairbanks are especially +dark. One subadult (No. 21467, UKMNH) has blackish +hair on the feet and a blackish unicolored tail. No. 241696, USBS, +an old adult female, from Ketchumstock, is larger.</p> + +<p>The specimens referred to this subspecies, vary some in color, +but vary less in cranial characters. Additional adults are needed +from western Alaska to determine how far this subspecies extends +down the valley of the Yukon River. Bailey (1900:24) lists one +specimen from Nulato, as <i>drummondii</i>; I have not seen it but on +geographic grounds tentatively assign it to <i>M. p. tananaensis</i>.</p> + +<div class="smaller"> +<a name="measurements2"></a><p><i>Measurements.</i>—Measurements of the type specimen are as follows: Total +length, 160; length of tail, 40; condylobasal length, 26.0; basal length, 24.9; +length of nasals, 6.7; zygomatic breadth, 14.5; breadth across auditory bullae, +12.5; alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.2. Two specimens from +Eagle (Nos. 128295 and 128320, USBS) have the following measurements +respectively: 161, 154; 37.5, 36; 25.3, 25.4; 23.8, 23.9; 6.5, 6.8; 14.5, 14.6; +11.9, 12.3; 6.1, 6.1.</p> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 34, distributed by localities of capture as follows +and unless otherwise stated in the University of Kansas Museum of +Natural History: <i>Alaska</i>: Near Buster Creek, Chatanika River, 1 (USBS); +Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 4; Fairbanks, +2 (USBS); head of Glacier Creek, Mt. McKinley, 1 (USBS); Moose Creek, +Mt. McKinley, 2 (USBS); head of Toklat River, 1 (USBS); Eagle, 4 (USBS); +Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 13; Ketchumstock, 2 +(USBS); 9 mi. from mouth of Robertson River, 1 (USBS); Tanana, 3 +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 108]</span> +(USBS); Tanana Crossing, 1 (USBS). Osgood (1909b:24) records specimens +which may be of this subspecies from the following localities in Alaska: +Charlie Creek, Circle, 20 miles above Circle, 40 miles above Circle, Nation +Creek, and Seventy Mile Creek. Osgood (1900:36) also records specimens +from near Fort Yukon. None of these has been seen by me; they are only +tentatively assigned to this subspecies.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii (Audubon and Bachman)</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Arvicola drummondii</i> Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. North Amer., +3:166, 1854. (Type, by subsequent designation, from vicinity of +Jasper House, Alberta.)</p> + +<p><i>Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii</i> Hollister, Canadian Alp. Jour., +Special Number, p. 23, February 17, 1913.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 93, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre +Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 26; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. +S Whitehorse, 4; 5 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, +7; E side Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. +<i>British Columbia</i>: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 8; Hot Springs, +3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 3; N side Liard River, ½ mi. +W jct. Liard River and Trout River, 1; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard +River, 13; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit +Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 2; E side Minaker River, +1 mi. W Trutch, 19; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W and +3 mi. N Fort St. John, 2. <i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 +mi. N Kinuso, 4.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Adults among the specimens listed above vary but +little; one female from Assineau River in Alberta is notably more +reddish than others taken elsewhere.</p> + +<p>Average and extreme measurements of nine adults of both sexes +of <i>M. p. drummondii</i> from E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, +British Columbia, are as follows: Total length, 157 (148-165); +length of tail, 42 (37-46); condylobasal length, 25.1 (24.7-26.0); +basal length, 24.2 (23.4-25.0); length of nasals, 6.8 (6.4-7.2); zygomatic +breadth, 14.4 (13.9-14.7); breadth across auditory bullae, 12.4 +(12.0-12.7); alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.1 +(6.0-6.2); Nine adults of both sexes from McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., +3 miles northwest of Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, have the following +measurements: 153 (147-168); 40 (33-47); 24.9 (24.2-25.5); +24.0 (23.6-24.6); 6.6 (6.2-7.2); 14.4 (13.9-15.1); 12.1 (11.7-12.5); +6.1 (6.0-6.2).</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus <i>cf.</i> cantator Anderson</div> + +<div class="caption3">Yukon Singing Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Microtus cantator</i> Anderson, Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 102, Biol. +Ser. No. 31:161, [for 1946], January 24, 1947. (Type "taken in tundra-slide +above timber-line on mountain top near Tepee Lake on north +slope of St. Elias Range," Yukon Territory, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimen examined.</i>—One from <i>Alaska</i>: Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N and +1 mi. E Paxson.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The single adult male, obtained by Alcorn, has been +compared by Dr. Henry W. Setzer with specimens of <i>Microtus +muriei</i> Nelson, <i>M. miurus miurus</i> Osgood, and <i>M. m. oreas</i> Osgood +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 109]</span> +in the United States National Museum. He reports that the specimen +is related most closely to <i>M. miurus</i> but exhibits characters by +which it is, at least, subspecifically distinct from these two forms of +this species. Three specimens of <i>M. andersoni</i> Rand and one of +<i>M. cantator</i> Anderson, borrowed from the National Museum of +Canada are less mature than the specimen in question. Even so, +the male from Fish Creek is less gray than <i>M. andersoni</i> and as seen +from measurements of the type, an adult male (Rand, 1945:42), +is larger with longer tail and has a shorter and narrower skull and +is judged to be taxonomically separable. <i>M. cantator</i> was named +from two specimens; both the paratype (seen by me) and seemingly +the type are too young to show clearly subspecific characters. +Alcorn's specimen is tentatively referred to <i>M. cantator</i> until some +adult topotypes can be obtained. Measurements of the male, +No. 21539, from Fish Creek, are: Total length, 152; length of tail, +30; hind foot, 22; condylobasal length, 28.0; basal length, 26.6; length +of nasals, 7.1; zygomatic breadth, 13.8; breadth across auditory +bullae, 11.5; least interorbital breadth, 3.3; alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.2.</p> + +<p>Alcorn took this specimen in an area above timberline where a +low growth of willow was the dominant vegetation. Traps were +set where he had seen a mouse go into a small burrow. The next +morning, August 18, 1947, he found this specimen and two <i>Microtus +oeconomus macfarlani</i> in his traps.</p> + +<p>Microtines of the subgenus <i>Stenocranius</i> from continental areas +of Alaska and Northwestern Canada are represented in collections +by a few specimens from widely separated localities. Lacking material +from intermediate localities, describers have given specific +recognition to several of these isolated populations. Future collecting +will be necessary to disclose whether the North American +mice of this subgenus belong to one or to more than one species and +may disclose whether or not there has been more than one invasion +of the North American continent by members of this Asiatic group.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus longicaudus vellerosus J. A. Allen</div> + +<div class="caption3">Long-tailed Meadow Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Microtus vellerosus</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:7, +March 4, 1899. (Type from upper Liard River, British Columbia, +Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Microtus longicaudus vellerosus</i> Anderson and Rand, Canadian Field-Nat., +58:20, April 1, 1944.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 127, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: N side Salcha River, +600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW +Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 10; ½ +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 110]</span> +mi. W Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 18; 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. E +Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 24. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 20; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 4; ¼ mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 15; S side +Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 27; SE end Muncho Lake, +4; Summit Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens from 1½ miles south and 3 miles east of +Dalton Post and from Dezadeash Lake in Yukon Territory and from +Stonehouse Creek in British Columbia are referred to <i>M. l. vellerosus</i> +although in color of upper parts they show close relationship with +<i>M. l. littoralis</i>. These specimens are less gray and more brown than +specimens more typical of <i>M. l. vellerosus</i> from the Liard River area.</p> + +<p>Alcorn found the long-tailed meadow mouse in widely separated +areas. Most specimens were obtained in grassy situations near +water or on moist ground. The single male from Summit Pass in +British Columbia was taken above timberline.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus longicaudus littoralis Swarth</div> + +<div class="caption3">Long-tailed Meadow Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Microtus mordax littoralis</i> Swarth, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +46:209, October 26, 1933. (Type from Shakan, Prince of Wales Island, +Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Microtus longicaudus littoralis</i> Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:491, November +14, 1938.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 29, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: E side Chilkat River, +100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 9; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 20.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—In comparison with the series of <i>M. l. vellerosus</i> from +the Liard River area, the long-tailed meadow mice from near Haines +are more reddish brown, have a longer tail, and have a smaller skull +with smaller auditory bullae. This subspecies is restricted to the +coastal area, and as noted under the account of <i>M. l. vellerosus</i>, +intergradation between these two forms occurs a relatively short +distance inland.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Microtus oeconomus macfarlani Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Tundra Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Microtus macfarlani</i> Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:24, +March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, Anderson River, Mackenzie +district, Northwest Territories, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Microtus oec[onomus] macfarlani</i> Zimmerman, Archiv f. Naturgesch., +11:187, September 12, 1942.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 70, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: Circle, 664 ft., 1; +Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 13; Twelve Mile +Summit, 3225 ft., Steese Highway, 6; 1 mi. SW Fairbanks, 440 ft., 3; N side +Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 28; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 9; Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N and 1 mi. +E Paxson, 3; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: +Jct. Grafe and Edith Creeks, 1; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; SW end +<span class="pagenum">[Pg 111]</span> +Dezadeash Lake, 1. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Alcorn found the tundra mouse in many of the localities +at which he trapped in east-central Alaska. Specimens were +taken above timberline, along roads, in grassy areas which had been +cleared of timber, and in low vegetation bordering streams. On +August 17 at Fish Creek, 5 miles north and 1 mile east of Paxson, +Alaska, Alcorn obtained one of these mice in a tree in the daytime. +Immature specimens taken at Stonehouse Creek are, to my knowledge, +the first records for this species in British Columbia.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Mus musculus Linnaeus</div> + +<div class="caption3">House Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>[Mus] musculus</i> Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:62, 1758. (Type from +Upsala, Sweden.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 6, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: 1 mi. NE Anchorage, +100 ft., 2. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre Creek, 2259 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, +2; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1. <i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., +10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Alcorn took house mice in and near areas inhabited +by man. One mouse was taken near Whitehorse on July 10 under +a building which had not been occupied for one year. Another was +taken at the Whitehorse city dump. Near Kinuso, one specimen +was obtained at the site of an old sawmill.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Zapus hudsonius hudsonius (Zimmermann)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Meadow Jumping Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Dipus hudsonius</i> Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., 2:358, 1780. (Type +from Hudson Bay, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Zapus hudsonius</i> Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., ser. +2, 1:253, January 8, 1876.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 8, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: 1 mi. NW +jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 3; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 1; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 1; 5 mi. W +and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. <i>Alberta</i>: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E +and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The jumping mice listed above have been compared +with specimens of <i>Z. h. hudsonius</i> from Ontario and Michigan. The +zone of contact between <i>Z. h. hudsonius</i> and <i>Z. h. alascensis</i> is still +unknown; Alcorn obtained no specimens between Irons Creek and +Whitehorse. To my knowledge there are no records from this extensive +area.</p> + +<p>Alcorn took <i>Zapus</i> in grassy areas at the edge of water, in an old +gravel pit, and at the site of an old sawmill. Animals were taken +as early as June 30 and as late as September 2.</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 112]</span> + +<div class="caption3">Zapus hudsonius alascensis Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Meadow Jumping Mouse</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Zapus hudsonius alascensis</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +11:223, July 15, 1897. (Type from Yakutat Bay, Alaska.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 18, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: 1 mi. SW Fairbanks, +440 ft., 1; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 8. +<i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 4; SW +end Dezadeash Lake, 1. <i>British Columbia</i>: Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens taken by Alcorn were compared with representatives +of both <i>Z. princeps</i> (Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon) and <i>Z. +hudsonius</i> (Ontario, Michigan, Kansas, Wyoming). All have been +referred to <i>Z. hudsonius</i> although one female from Stonehouse Creek +shows some tendency toward <i>Z. princeps</i> in external measurements, +length of upper molariform tooth-row, and length of incisive +foramina.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Erethizon dorsatum myops Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Porcupine</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Erethizon epixanthus myops</i> Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., +2:27, March 14, 1900. (Type from Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula, +Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Erethizon dorsatum myops</i> Anderson and Rand, Canadian Jour. Res., +21:293, September 24, 1943.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 2, as follows: <i>Alaska</i>: Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. +W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 2 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Alcorn found little evidence of porcupines along the +highway. The female from the Teslin River was found under a +building. The female from Yerrick Creek was in dense underbrush +in a spruce forest and weighed 20 pounds.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Canis latrans incolatus Hall</div> + +<div class="caption3">Coyote</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Canis latrans incolatus</i> Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:369, November +5, 1934. (Type from Isaacs Lake, 3000 ft., Bowron Lake +region, British Columbia, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 2, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 25 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 1. <i>British Columbia</i>: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot</div> + +<div class="caption3">Wolf</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Canis pambasileus</i> Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:79, February +21, 1905. (Type from Susitna River, region of Mount McKinley, +Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Canis lupus pambasileus</i> Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 18:45, February 14, 1937.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 113]</span></p> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 3, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; Marshall +Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Alcorn reported wolf sign at many of his camps along +the highway. Skulls were obtained from trappers.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson</div> + +<div class="caption3">Wolf</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Canis lupus occidentalis</i> Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1:60, +1829. (Type not designated, restricted to Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, +Canada, by Miller, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 59 (no. 15):4, June 8, 1912.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Two from <i>British Columbia</i>: Buckinghorse River, +94 mi. S Fort Nelson.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Canis lupus columbianus Goldman</div> + +<div class="caption3">Wolf</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Canis lupus columbianus</i> Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +54:110, September 30, 1941. (Type from Wistaria, north side of Ootsa +Lake, Coast District, British Columbia, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—One from <i>British Columbia</i>: Screw Creek, 10 mi. S +and 50 mi. E Teslin.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Vulpes fulva abietorum Merriam</div> + +<div class="caption3">Red Fox</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Vulpes alascensis abietorum</i> Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., +2:669, December 28, 1900. (Type from Stuart Lake, British Columbia, +Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Vulpes fulva abietorum</i> Bailey, Nature Mag., 28:317, November 1936.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 11, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: 6 mi. SW +Kluane, 2559 ft., 1; Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 6; Champagne, +N side Dezadeash River, 3; 1½ mi. E Tatshenshini River, 1½ mi. S and 3 mi. +E Dalton Post, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens obtained are skulls only, mostly taken in +the winter months by trappers. One fox was found dead with +<a name="porcupine"></a><a href="#typos">porcupine</a> quills stuck in and around its mouth.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Ursus americanus cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman</div> + +<div class="caption3">Black Bear</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Ursus americanus var. cinnamomum</i> Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. +North Amer., 3; 125, 1854. (Type from Northern Rocky Mountains.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 3, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: 10 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 1; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 2.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—One large, unsexed skull from Buckinghorse River +with part of the rostrum gone has the frontal shield strongly dished. +A young adult female taken 10 miles west of Fort Nelson on August +23, 1948, has the following external measurements: Total length, +1345; tail, 65; hind foot, 256; ear from notch, 135.</p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 114]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Ursus species</div> + +<div class="caption3">Grizzly</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 5, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E +Dalton Post, 1; Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post, 2. <i>British +Columbia</i>: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Of three specimens obtained at the Unahini River, two +males resemble each other closely, while the third, an old adult +represented by an unsexed skull with broken cranium, is markedly +different, the skull being noticeably shorter with shorter rostrum +and lower jaw and other distinctive features. It closely resembles +the skull of an adult male taken at the Aishihik River. Furthermore, +the first two animals show close relationships with an unsexed skull +which Alcorn obtained at the Buckinghorse River in British +Columbia.</p> + +<p>Two males taken at the Unahini River in the Yukon Territory +have the following external measurements: Total length, 1933, 1812; +tail, 150, 96; hind foot, 262, 260; ear from notch, 129, 131. Other +specimens, skulls only, obtained from native hunters, are partly +broken. Alcorn writes that the local hunters always shoot a grizzly +in the head to be certain that it is dead.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Mustela erminea arctica (Merriam)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Ermine</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Putorius arcticus</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:15, June 30, 1896. +(Type from Point Barrow, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Mustela erminea arctica</i> Ognev, The mammals of U. S. S. R. and adjacent +countries, 3:31, 1935.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Four from <i>Alaska</i>: N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 +mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—One ermine was caught in a rat trap; the others were +taken within 50 yards of the trapped animal by attracting them with +squeaking calls to within shooting range. One of the weasels approached +to within ten feet of Alcorn, while he was making the +mentioned call.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Mustela erminea richardsonii Bonaparte</div> + +<div class="caption3">Ermine</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Mustela richardsonii</i> Bonaparte, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., 2:38, +January, 1838. (Type from Fort Franklin, at western end of Great Bear +Lake, Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Mustela erminea richardsonii</i> Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, July 19, +1945.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—One from <i>Yukon Territory</i>: McIntyre Creek, 2250 +ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 115]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Mustela erminea alascensis (Merriam)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Ermine</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Putorius richardsonii alascensis</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:12, June +30, 1896. (Type from Juneau, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Mustela erminea alascensis</i> Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, July 19, 1945.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—One from <i>Alaska</i>: E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Mink</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Putorius vison energumenos</i> Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 27:5, +March, 1896. (Type from Sumas, British Columbia, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Mustela vison energumenos</i> Miller, North Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, +p. 101, December 31, 1912.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimen examined.</i>—One (broken and unsexed skull) from <i>Yukon Territory</i>: +Champagne, N side Dezadeash River.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—While studying moose at Medicine Lake, near Circle +Hot Springs, Alaska, on August 9, 1947, Alcorn observed some mink +concerning which he records the following: "After waiting about +an hour a large mink was seen traveling northward on land at the +edge of the lake. It continued and went out of sight. I waited +about two minutes and then started a series of loud squeaks. To +our surprise we soon saw what we judged was the same mink. In +company with this mink were five others.... These mink +were much interested in the squeaking noise and some came within +10 feet of me. They stayed on land most of the time but some of +them made short swims a few feet out into the lake. One had a +white chin, another had a white spot on its chest. This group may +have been an adult female with her young."</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Martes pennanti columbiana Goldman</div> + +<div class="caption3">Fisher</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Martes pennanti columbiana</i> Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +48:176, November 15, 1935. (Type from Stuart Lake, near headwaters +of Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 2, as follows: <i>British Columbia</i>: 14 mi. N +Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1; N side Liard River, Fort Halkett, 1.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Martes americana actuosa (Osgood)</div> + +<div class="caption3">Marten</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Mustela americana actuosa</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:43, October +6, 1900. (Type from Fort Yukon, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Martes americana actuosa</i> Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, p. +93, December 31, 1912.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimen examined.</i>—One from <i>British Columbia</i>: N side Liard River +Fort Halkett, 1.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 116]</span></p> + +<div class="caption3">Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr</div> + +<div class="caption3">Canada Lynx</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Lynx canadensis</i> Kerr, Anim. Kingd., vol. 1, systematic catalogue inserted +between pages 32 and 33 (description, p. 157), 1792. (Type from Eastern Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 4, as follows: <i>Yukon Territory</i>: Marshall +Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. <i>British Columbia</i>: 14 mi. N Fort Halkett, +W side Smith River, 2; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Alces americana gigas Miller</div> + +<div class="caption3">Moose</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Alces gigas</i> Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:57, May 29, 1899. +(Type from North side Tustumena Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.)</p> + +<p><i>Alces americanus gigas</i> Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 24:29, November +23, 1904.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—One from <i>British Columbia</i>: 15 mi. NW Kelsall Lake.</p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Oreamnos americanus columbiae Hollister</div> + +<div class="caption3">Mountain Goat</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Oreamnos montanus columbianus</i> J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. +Hist., 20:20, February 10, 1904. Not <i>Capra columbiana</i> Desmilins, +1823.</p> + +<p><i>Oreamnos americanus columbiae</i> Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +25:186, December 24, 1912. (Type from Shesley Mountains, +northern British Columbia, Canada.)</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Two from <i>British Columbia</i>: 12 mi. S jct. Liard +River and Trout River.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Two skulls of male goats were obtained from a +trapper, Johnny Pie, who shot them on July 4, 1948. Field notes +indicate that both mountain goats and mountain sheep are frequently +taken by natives in the Liard River area.</p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3">Ovis dalli stonei Allen</div> + +<div class="caption3">Northern Mountain Sheep</div> + +<div class="smaller"> +<div class="species"> +<p><i>Ovis stonei</i> Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:111, April 8, 1897. +(Type from headwaters of the Stikine River, British Columbia, Canada.)</p> + +<p><i>Ovis dalli stonei</i> Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:28, March 4, +1912.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Specimen examined.</i>—One from <i>British Columbia</i>: Summit Pass, 4200 ft., +10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The specimen has the following external measurements: +Total length, 1474; tail, 84; length of hind foot, 400; ear +from notch, 91. The individual is a male, seven years old, as +judged by the rings of growth on the horns. The skull is accompanied +by a skin now tanned for study purposes.</p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum">[Pg 117]</span></p> +<div class="caption2">LITERATURE CITED</div> + +<span class="smcap">Anderson, R. M.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1937. Mammals and birds of the Western Arctic District, Northwest +Territories, Canada. Reprinted from Canada's Western Northland, +Dept. of Interior, Ottawa, pp. 97-122, 5 figs., 1 map, July 9.</div> +<div class="reference">1947. Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. +102, Biol. Ser. 31:v+238 pp., [for 1946], January 24.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Bailey, V.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. N. Amer. +Fauna, 17:1-88, 5 pls., 17 figs., June 6.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Cowan, I. M.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1937. The distribution of flying squirrels in western British Columbia +with the description of a new race. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +50:77-82, June 22.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Dale, F. H.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1940. Geographic variation in the meadow mouse in British Columbia +and southeastern Alaska. Jour. Mamm., 21:332-340, August 14.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Howell, A. H.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1918. Revision of the American flying squirrels. N. Amer. Fauna, 44:1-64, +7 pls., 4 figs., June 13.</div> +<div class="reference">1924. Revision of the American pikas. N. Amer. Fauna, 47:1-57, 6 pls., +4 figs., August 21.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Jackson, H. H. T.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews. N. +Amer. Fauna, 51:i-vi+1-238, 13 pls., 24 figs., July.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Orr, R. T.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1945. A study of the <i>Clethrionomys dawsoni</i> group of red-backed mice. +Jour. Mamm., 26:67-74, February 27.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Osgood, W. H.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1900. Results of a biological reconnaissance of the Yukon River region. +N. Amer. Fauna, 19:1-100, 7 pls., October 6.</div> +<div class="reference">1904. A biological reconnaissance of the base of the Alaska Peninsula. +N. Amer. Fauna, 24:1-86, 7 pls., November 23.</div> +<div class="reference">1909a. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. Amer. +Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., 12 figs., April 17.</div> +<div class="reference">1909b. Biological investigations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. N. Amer. +Fauna, 30:1-96, 5 pls., October 7.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Rand, A. L.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1943. Canadian forms of the meadow mouse (<i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i>). +Canadian Field-Nat., 57:115-123, January 24.</div> +<div class="reference">1944. The southern half of the Alaska highway and its mammals. Nat. +Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 98, Biol. Ser. No. 27:1-50, 21 pls., 1 fig.</div> +<div class="reference">1945. Mammal investigations on the Canol Road, Yukon and Northwest +Territories, 1944. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 99, Biol. Ser. No. +28:1-52, 20 pls., 1 fig.<br /><br /></div> + +<span class="smcap">Swarth, H. S.</span><br /> +<div class="reference">1936. Mammals of the Atlin region, northwestern British Columbia. Jour. +Mamm., 17:398-405, November 14.</div> +<p> </p> + +<p><i>Transmitted April 9, 1951.</i></p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + +***** This file should be named 33915-h.htm or 33915-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/9/1/33915/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/33915-h/images/fig_1.png b/33915-h/images/fig_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c69c4a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915-h/images/fig_1.png diff --git a/33915-h/images/union_label.png b/33915-h/images/union_label.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fcb3cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915-h/images/union_label.png diff --git a/33915.txt b/33915.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a53264 --- /dev/null +++ b/33915.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2223 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway + +Author: Rollin H. Baker + +Release Date: October 19, 2010 [EBook #33915] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + + Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway + + + BY + + ROLLIN H. BAKER + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + + Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text + November 28, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + LAWRENCE + 1951 + + + + + University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, + Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 5, No. 9, pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text + November 28, 1951 + + + University of Kansas + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1951 + [Union Label] + 23-7607 + + + + +Mammals Taken Along the Alaska Highway + +BY + +ROLLIN H. BAKER + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +Mammals from along the Alaska Highway were obtained for the University +of Kansas Museum of Natural History in the summers of 1947 and 1948 by +Mr. J. R. Alcorn, field representative of the Museum. He and his +family visited Alberta, British Columbia, the Yukon Territory and +Alaska in an automobile and trailer from June 9, 1947, to September 6, +1947, and again from June 8, 1948, to August 24, 1948. In 1947, +considerable time was spent by Alcorn in Alaska; trips were made on +the Steese Highway to Circle and on the Glenn Highway to Anchorage. In +1948, most of the collecting was done in British Columbia and in the +Yukon Territory but a side trip was taken to Haines, Alaska. The +collecting stations are shown in figure 1. Alcorn's 1,252 specimens +include several large series from areas where few or no mammals had +been taken previously. Time spent at each collecting station was of +short duration (usually less than three days) and although 56 species +and subspecies of mammals are represented in the collections, it is +recognized that not all of the kinds of mammals at any one locality +were taken. + +For the loan of comparative mammalian material, grateful +acknowledgment is made to officials of the following institutions: +California Academy of Sciences; Biological Surveys collection of the +U. S. National Museum; Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C.; National +Museum of Canada. The promptness of officials of the game commissions +of the provinces and territories concerned, in providing permits for +collecting also is acknowledged. A part of the funds for field work +was made available by a grant from the Kansas University Endowment +Association. Elevations above sea level are given in feet. Capitalized +color terms refer to those in Ridgway, Color Standards and Color +Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912. + + + [Illustration: Fig. 1. Map showing localities where J. R. Alcorn + collected mammals in Alaska, Yukon Territory, British Columbia, + and Alberta, in 1947 and 1948.] + + + + +COLLECTING LOCALITIES SHOWN IN FIGURE 1. + + + Alaska + + 1. Circle. + + 2. Twelve Mile Summit, Steese Highway. + + 3. Chatanika River, 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks. + + 4. 1 mi. SW Fairbanks. + + 5. North side Salcha River, 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks. + + 6. Richardson Highway, 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta. + + 7. Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction. + + 8. Tok Junction. + + 9. Fish Creek, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson. + + 10. East side Deadman Lake, 15 mi. SE Northway. + + 11. Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake. + + 12. 1 mi. NE Anchorage. + + 13. East side Chilkat River, 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. + + 14. 1 mi. S Haines. + + + Yukon Territory + + To avoid undue crowding, or overlapping, of symbols, two or more + collecting localities, in some instances, are represented by a + single symbol (solid circle) in figure 1. + + 15. Junction Grafe and Edith Creeks. + + 16. 6 mi. SW Kluane. + + 17. East side Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon. + + 18. 25 mi. NW Whitehorse. + + 19. { 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse. + { McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse. + { 1 mi. NE Whitehorse. + { 1/2 mi. W Whitehorse. + + 20. West side Lewes River, 2 mi. S Whitehorse. + + 21. { Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River. + { Champagne, North side Dezadeash Lake. + { SW end Dezadeash Lake. + + 22. { 5 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse. + { 2 mi. W Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse. + { West side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse. + { East side Teslin River, 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse. + + 23. { Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post. + { Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post. + + 24. 11/2 mi. E Tatshenshini River, 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E + Dalton Post. + + + British Columbia + + 25. 1 mi. NW junction of Irons Creek and Liard River. + + 26. Screw Creek, 10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + + 27. { 15 mi. NW Kelsall Lake. + { Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and + { Kelsall River. + + 28. 14 mi. N Fort Halkett, West side Smith River. + + 29. West side Mt. Glave, 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake. + + 30. North side Liard River, Fort Halkett. + + 31. { Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW junction Trout River and Liard River. + { North side Liard River, 1/2 mi. W junction Trout River and + { Liard River. + { 1/4 mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River. + + 32. 12 mi. S junction Trout River and Liard River. + + 33. { NE end Muncho Lake. + { SE end Muncho Lake. + + 34. 10 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 35. North side Muskwa River, 4 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 36. South side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake. + + 37. Summit Pass, 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson. + + 38. North Fork Tetsa River, 4 mi. ENE Summit Pass. + + 39. East side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch. + + 40. Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + 41. Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + 42. 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John. + + + Alberta + + 43. Assineau River, 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso. + + + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES + + +Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex arcticus cinereus_ Kerr, Animal Kingdom, p. 206, 1792. + (Type from Fort Severn, Ontario, Canada.) + + _Sorex cinereus cinereus_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, + February 9, 1925. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 56, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 3; N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 10; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 2; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 +mi. SE Northway, 1. _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 2; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 2; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 4; 11/2 mi. S +and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 10. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse +Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 9; Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; 1/4 mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 4; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. +_Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--Shrews from extreme northwestern British Columbia +(Stonehouse Creek) average slightly larger than typical S. c. +cinereus, especially in length of tail. These animals show definite +evidence of intergradation with the larger subspecies, _S. c. +streatori_, but are referable to _S. c. cinereus_. The pallor of some +shrews from east-central Alaska (Chatanika River and Salcha River) +suggests intergradation with the pale _S. c. hollisteri_. + +Alcorn found the cinereous shrew at most of his trapping stations. It +was captured in mouse traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats; one was +taken in a trap baited with a grasshopper. Rand (1944:35) and Alcorn +each found this shrew to be one of the commoner mammals along the +Alaska Highway, but Alcorn did not find it to be so abundant as some +of the rodents in areas in which he trapped. The cinereous shrew was +taken principally in moist woodlands, grassy areas, and adjacent to +water. One female taken on July 18 was lactating. + + +Sorex cinereus streatori Merriam + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex personatus streatori_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:62, + December 31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.) + + _Sorex cinereus streatori_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:56, + February 9, 1925. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 19, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 10; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +9. + +_Remarks._--Average and extreme external measurements of the nine +adult specimens from 1 mile south of Haines are as follows: Total +length, 103 (98-105); tail, 45 (43-46); and condylobasal length, 16.2 +(16.0-16.4). Corresponding measurements of an adult specimen (No. +1676, UKMNH) from Sitka, Alaska, are 108, 47, and 16.5. Measurements +of ten adult specimens from the Chilkat River, 9 miles west and 4 +miles north of Haines, are 100 (91-106), 44 (40-50), 16.0 (15.5-16.5). +The slightly smaller average size of the latter specimens indicates a +trend toward the smaller _S. c. cinereus_, which occurs farther +inland. Skulls of some of the specimens from the Chilkat River have a +more slender rostrum than those of the specimens from 1 mile south of +Haines, and more nearly resemble _S. c. cinereus_ in this respect. +Evidently, as indicated by Jackson (1928:54), _S. c. streatori_ +occupies only an extremely narrow strip of mainland in the vicinity of +Haines. + + +Sorex cinereus hollisteri Jackson + +Cinereous Shrew + + _Sorex cinereus hollisteri_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 6:55, + February 9, 1925. (Type from St. Michael, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft. + +_Remarks._--Both specimens of this pale subspecies were trapped, along +with six _Clethrionomys_ and one _Mus_, in a grassy area bordered on +one side by the road and on the other by a spruce forest. No. 21069, +[male]?, taken on August 21, is in molt, with one patch of new fur on +the rump and another along the midline of the nape and shoulders. + + +Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex obscurus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, 1895. + (Type from near Timber Creek, altitude 8200 ft., Salmon River + Mountains, now Lemhi Mountains, 10 miles west of Junction, Lemhi + County, Idaho.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 12, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 2; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1. _British +Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 4; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E +Kelsall Lake, 1; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard +River, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N +Kinuso, 2. + +_Remarks._--Some of the shrews taken in extreme southwestern Yukon +Territory (11/2 miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton Post) and in +extreme northwestern British Columbia (Stonehouse Creek and Mt. Glave) +show evidence of intergradation with the coastal subspecies, _S. o. +alascensis_, in length of hind foot. These individuals have a long +hind foot (14 and 15); the hind feet of specimens from the other +localities listed measure 13 and 14. + +Alcorn, like Rand (1944:35), found the dusky shrew to be less common +than the cinereous shrew; both were taken in the same trap lines. The +dusky shrew was taken at a higher altitude (4000 feet, on Mt. Glave) +than the cinereous shrew. + + +Sorex obscurus shumaginensis Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex alascensis shumaginensis_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. + Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900. (Type from Popof Island, Shumagin + Islands, Alaska.) + + _Sorex obscurus shumaginensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist, 16:228, July 12, 1902. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 2. + +_Remarks._--These three shrews, in comparison with those referred to +_S. o. obscurus_, are paler, and the one complete skull has a slightly +higher braincase. All of the specimens were obtained in grassy areas +adjacent to the roadway. + + +Sorex obscurus alascensis Merriam + +Dusky Shrew + + _Sorex obscurus alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76, + December 31, 1895. (Type from Yakutat, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 22, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +10. + + +Sorex palustris navigator (Baird) + +Water Shrew + + _Neosorex navigator_ Baird, Report Pacific R. R. Survey, 8, pt. + 1, Mammals, p. 11, 1857. (Type from near head of Yakima River, + Cascade Mountains, Washington.) + + _Sorex_ (_Neosorex_) _palustris navigator_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, + 10:92, December 31, 1895. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 20, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2. _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 11; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 2; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. _British +Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and +Kelsall River, 2. + +_Remarks._--Those males with worn teeth seem to have a slightly longer +and deeper rostrum with a larger, more inflated cranium than specimens +of _S. p. navigator_ from Washington, but in other ways resemble +typical _S. p. navigator_. An adult male, with slightly worn teeth, +from Dezadeash Lake has sagittal and lambdoidal crests. All of the +water shrews were taken in July and early August and at the edge of +water in traps baited with rolled oats. None of the females had +embryos. + + +Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (LeConte) + +Little Brown Bat + + _Vespertilio lucifugus_ LeConte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal + Kingdom, vol. 1, appendix, p. 431, 1831. (Type from Georgia; + probably the LeConte plantation, near Riceboro, Liberty County.) + + _Myotis lucifugus_ Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:59, + October 16, 1897. + +_Specimens examined._--Thirty-eight from _British Columbia_: NE end +Muncho Lake. + +_Remarks._--The 38 bats were from a colony of approximately 75 +individuals, found on the south side of a house. The paper was loose +and had buckled in numerous places allowing room for the bats to +ensconce themselves between the paper and outside wall. + + +Myotis lucifugus alascensis Miller + +Little Brown Bat + + _Myotis lucifugus alascensis_ Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:63, + October 16, 1897. (Type from Sitka, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, +10 mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + +_Remarks._--The specimen is considerably darker both above and below +than either of two specimens of _M. l. alascensis_ from Red Bluff Bay, +Alaska. Alcorn searched ten frame buildings in an abandoned camp on +the east side of Screw Creek, for bats and found only the one bat. It +was above some droppings. No droppings were found in other buildings. + + +Ochotona collaris (Nelson) + +Collared Pika + + _Lagomys collaris_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 8:117, + December 21, 1893. (Type from near head of Tanana River, about + 200 miles south of Fort Yukon, Alaska.) + + [_Ochotona_] _collaris_ Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., + p. 648, 1897. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 14, as follows: _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, +1; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 13. + +_Remarks._--In comparing specimens obtained by Alcorn with published +descriptions of _O. collaris_ in Howell (1924:35), it appeared that +measurable geographic variation might be present in this monotypic +species. Accordingly, comparisons were made with materials in the +Biological Surveys collection of the U. S. National Museum, the +Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C., and the National Museum of Canada. +A comparison of specimens of similar ages showed that no subspecific +separation is justified although animals from the Yukon Territory, +British Columbia, and Northwest Territories, as compared with +available material from Alaska, tend to be grayer in color and longer +in total length with a slightly larger skull and greater alveolar +length of molariform tooth-row in both upper and lower jaws. + +Specimens used for comparison were from the following localities: +_Alaska_: Mts. near Eagle (USBS), 15; 200 mi. S Fort Yukon (USBS), 2; +Upper Little Delta River, Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 1; +Glacier Creek, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 3; Little Delta River, Slate +Creek, Red Mt. Camp, Mt. Hayes region (USBS), 1; Muldron Glacier, Mt. +McKinley (USBS), 2; Mt. McKinley (USBS), 3; Summit of Chugach Mts., on +Richardson Highway, N of Valdez (USBS), 1; Chitina River Glacier (Nat. +Mus. Canada), 3. _Yukon Territory_: McMillan Pass, Canol Road, mile +282 (Nat. Mus. Canada), 2; Rose River, Canol Road, mile 95 (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 8; Tepee Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1; Conrad (Nat. Mus. +Canada), 1; near Teslin Lake (Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. _Northwest +Territories_: headwaters of Caracajou River, Canol Road, mile 111E +(Nat. Mus. Canada), 1. _British Columbia_: White Mt., Moose Arm, +Tagish Lake, Atlin (Prov. Mus., Victoria, B.C.), 2. + + +Lepus americanus macfarlani Merriam + +Varying Hare + + _Lepus americanus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:30, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, near mouth of + Anderson River, Mackenzie, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: W side +Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 1; 5 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 14 +mi. N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn reports seeing few hares on his two trips to +Alaska. Near the Miniker River, a geologist told him that the numbers +of these animals had steadily declined since 1943. One of three seen +in a spruce forest on July 8, 1947, near Whitehorse was taken by +Alcorn. A young one was captured in a rat trap in a building near the +Teslin River on July 5 of the same year. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis A. H. Howell + +Red Squirrel + + _Tamiasciurus hudsonicus columbiensis_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 49:135, August 22, 1936. (Type from Raspberry + Creek, about 30 mi. SE of Telegraph Creek, northern British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 18, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. SW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and +Liard River, 1; 1/4 mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 3; S side +Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 3; Summit Pass, 4200 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 8. + +_Remarks._--Rand (1944:42) experienced difficulty in assigning +subspecific names to red squirrels taken along the Alaska Highway in +northern British Columbia. Some variability as found by Rand is noted +in adults taken by Alcorn in this area. All of the specimens assigned +to _T. h. columbiensis_ have a darker tail and more tawny feet than +_T. h. preblei_. The average of skulls of adults is smaller than the +skull of an adult of _T. h. preblei_ from Yerrick Creek, Alaska. + +Alcorn obtained most of the squirrels in rat traps and steel traps, +using "chewed" rolled oats as well as bits of fish and mouse bodies as +bait. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus petulans (Osgood) + +Red Squirrel + + _Sciurus hudsonicus petulans_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:27, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Glacier, White Pass, Alaska.) + + _T[amiasciurus]. hudsonicus petulans_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 49:136, August 22, 1936. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 7, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. S Haines, +5 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; 11/2 mi. E +Tatshenshini River, 11/2mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 4. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from extreme southwestern Yukon Territory appear +to be referable to this subspecies. The one adult female (skull only, +with body measurements) from the southwestern end of Dezadeash Lake +has a shorter skull than does any adult female of _T. h. +columbiensis_. No skins of adults are in the series, but the skins of +three subadults have darker upper parts, a darker tail and less +olivaceous sides than _T. h. columbiensis_. + + +Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei A. H. Howell + +Red Squirrel + + _Tamiasciurus hudsonicus preblei_ A. H. Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 49:133, August 22, 1936. (Type from Fort Simpson, + Mackenzie District, Northwestern Territories.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 1; N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; Yerrick Creek, 21 +mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. + +_Remarks._--In comparison with specimens of _T. h. hudsonicus_ from +Iskwasum Lake, District of the Pas, Manitoba, the squirrel from +Yerrick Creek, an adult female, is larger and paler on the upper parts +and tail. + +The squirrel taken at Yerrick Creek was captured in a rat trap; Alcorn +found these animals to be "fairly common" in that area. He obtained no +evidence that the natives use them for food. + + +Marmota monax ochracea Swarth + +Woodchuck + + _Marmota ochracea_ Swarth, Univ. California Publ. Zooel., 7:203, + February 18, 1911. (Type from Forty-mile Creek, Alaska.) + + _Marmota monax ochracea_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 37:34, + April 7, 1915. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: Hot +Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1; 1/4 mi. S jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 2. + + +Citellus parryii plesius (Osgood) + +Parry Ground Squirrel + + _Spermophilis empetra plesius_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:29, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Bennett City, head of Lake Bennett, + British Columbia.) + + _Citellus paryii plesius_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 56:97, + May 18, 1938. + + +_Specimens examined._--Total 42, as follows: _Alaska_: Richardson +Highway, 2000 ft., 32 mi. S and 4 mi. W Big Delta, 5. _Yukon +Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 1; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 +mi. NW Whitehorse, 1; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; 1 mi. NE +Whitehorse, 1; 1/2 mi. W Whitehorse, 2150 ft., 1; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 1; 2 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E +Whitehorse, 7; 11/2 mi. E Tatshenshini River, 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E +Dalton Post, 3. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 14; W side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 +mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 7. + +_Remarks._--The specimens vary much in color; most color variation is +the result of wear and fading. In pallor of coloration the specimens +taken on August 16 along the Richardson Highway, 32 miles south and 4 +miles west of Big Delta, Alaska, show some resemblance to _C. p. +ablusus_, which occurs to the westward, although in other diagnostic +characters these specimens are typically _C. p. plesius_. + +Specimens in early stages of molt were taken on July 3, 4, and 14; +another specimen in an advanced stage of molt was obtained on July 10. +One melanistic individual was taken one mile northeast of Whitehorse +on July 11. + +Alcorn found these ground squirrels locally abundant, especially in +the vicinity of Whitehorse in Yukon Territory. A large population was +observed along the highway west of the Teslin River; animals were +seen for several miles along the road, principally in open coniferous +forests where there was little or no underbrush. Alcorn caught several +animals near the city dump at Whitehorse. Along the Richardson Highway +he observed these ground squirrels almost continuously for +approximately ten miles. He comments that the animals appeared to be +more numerous in the man-cleared areas along the highway than in +"unmolested areas farther back from the highway." Specimens were taken +with collecting gun and in rat traps baited with "chewed" rolled oats. + + +Eutamias minimus borealis (J. A. Allen) + +Least Chipmunk + + _Tamias asiaticus borealis_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, + p. 793, August, 1877. (Type from Fort Liard, Mackenzie, Canada.) + + _Eutamias minimus borealis_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, + August 4, 1922. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 10, as follows: _British Columbia_: N +side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker +River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 5; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 +mi. W. and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 +ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 2. + +_Remarks._--Specimens with worn pelage are conspicuously paler and +grayer than those in fresh pelage. Chipmunks in early stages of molt +with fresh pelage extending posteriorly to the middle of the dorsal +part of the back were taken on June 19, 20, and 22; others in fresh +pelage above, except for the hind quarters, were taken on June 15 and +on September 2. + +Alcorn found this species nowhere abundant; for example, in 187 museum +special traps set near Charlie Lake, 5 miles west and 3 miles north of +Fort St. John, in British Columbia, he took only one chipmunk. + + +Eutamias minimus caniceps Osgood + +Least Chipmunk + + _Eutamias caniceps_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:28, October 6, 1900. + (Type from Lake Lebarge, Yukon Territory.) + + _Eutamias minimus caniceps_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:184, + August 4, 1922. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 36, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. +SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, +3; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1; W side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 +mi. S Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 10; 5 mi. W Teslin River, +2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 1; W side Teslin River, 16 +mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 2; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, +2500 ft., 5. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard +River, 2; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 6; +Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 3. + +_Remarks._--Some of the specimens taken between Summit Pass and Toad +River show evidence of intergradation between the paler and grayer _E. +m. caniceps_ and the brighter and browner _E. m. borealis_. Rand +(1944:41) also found evidence of intergradation between these two +subspecies in this area. + +Along the highway, Alcorn found this species to be somewhat more +abundant in the Yukon Territory than in British Columbia. He often +found the animals occupying abandoned road camps; seemingly they were +more numerous in these areas than in undisturbed natural habitat. + + +Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus (Osgood) + +Flying Squirrel + + _Sciuropterus alpinus zaphaeus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 18:133, April 18, 1905. (Type from Helm Bay, Cleveland + Peninsula, southeastern Alaska.) + + _Glaucomys sabrinus zaphaeus_ A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 44:43, + June 13, 1918. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: 11/2 mi. S and 3 +mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft. + +_Remarks._--Although comparative material is not available at this +writing, descriptions in the literature indicate that this single +adult female belongs to the coastal form, _G. s. zaphaeus_. In both +color and in cranial and external measurements, this specimen appears +to agree closely with descriptions given by Howell (1918:43) and by +Cowan (1937:78 and 82), although its measurements are also in the +range of those given for _G. s. alpinus_ by Cowan (_loc. cit._). It +may be pointed out that Swarth (1936:402) regarded a specimen from 15 +miles south of Atlin, British Columbia, as _G. s. alpinus_. + +Measurements of Alcorn's specimen are as follows: total length, 331; +tail, 143; hind foot, 42; ear from notch, 23; greatest length of +skull, 41.7; zygomatic breadth, 25.7; mastoid breadth, 21.7; length of +nasals, 12.2; length maxillary tooth-row, 8.2; interorbital +constriction, 8.2; and postorbital constriction, 9.0. + + +Castor canadensis sagittatus Benson + +Beaver + + _Castor canadensis sagittatus_ Benson, Jour. Mamm., 14:320, + November 13, 1933. (Type from Indianpoint Creek, 3200 ft., 16 mi. + NE Barkerville, British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: Fort Halkett, N +side Liard River. + +_Remarks._--Two beaver skulls obtained by Alcorn from trapper Johnny +Pie appear to be of this subspecies. Anderson (1947:133) records this +subspecies from the Liard River, in the area from which these +specimens were taken. The trapper told Alcorn that he shot these two +beavers in the winter of 1947-48 and hung the skulls in a tree. + + +Peromyscus maniculatus algidus Osgood + +White-footed Mouse + + _Peromyscus maniculatus algidus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 28:56, + April 17, 1909. (Type from head of Lake Bennett, site of old Bennett + City, British Columbia.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 93, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 20; 1 mi. W Haines, 5 ft., +7. _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 10; McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 6; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W +side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 16; SW end Dezadeash +Lake, 9; 11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 15. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 8. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from the localities listed above are in the +geographic range of _P. m. algidus_ as outlined by Anderson (1947: +136). Specimens from the vicinity of Haines, Alaska, are slightly +darker indicating intergradation with _P. m. hylaeus_; Osgood (1909a: +54 and 56) also noted that intergradation between _P. m. algidus_ and +_P. m. hylaeus_ occurs in this area. + + +Peromyscus maniculatus borealis Mearns + +White-footed Mouse + + _Peromyscus maniculatus borealis_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 24:102, May 15, 1911. Substitute name for _P. m. arcticus_ + Mearns. (Type from Fort Simpson, Mackenzie, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 214, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 2 mi. +W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 8; W side +Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 58 mi. E Whitehorse, 24; E side +Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 7. _British +Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 10; Hot Springs, +3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 6; N side Liard River, 1/2 +mi. W jct. Trout River and Liard River, 13; 1/4 mi. S jct. Trout River +and Liard River, 20; SE end Muncho Lake, 5; S side Toad River, 10 mi. +S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 45; N side Muskwa River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 9; North Fork Tetsa River, 3900 ft., 4 mi. ENE Summit +Pass, 13; Summit Pass, 4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, +17; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 18; Beatton River, 115 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 2; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 7. _Alberta_: +Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 10. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from 2 miles west of Teslin River resemble _P. +m. borealis_ more than _P. m. algidus_ both in size of skull and in +color, although I find it difficult to distinguish the specimens by +color. + +Alcorn, like Rand (1945:43), found the mouse in almost every habitat +along the Alaska Highway. On the east side of the Minaker River, one +mile west of Trutch, Alcorn took 26 _Peromyscus_ and four _Microtus_ +in 70 museum special traps baited with chewed rolled oats, set in a +grassy area where there were birches and clumps of willows. +_Peromyscus_ was usually abundant in old construction camps along the +highway; on July 27 in 50 traps set under abandoned buildings at +Summit Pass, Alcorn took 21 _Peromyscus_. Apparently, as Swarth +(1936:402) notes, the white-footed mouse makes itself at home in such +buildings, and local populations probably increase as a result of the +artificial environment that provides favorable conditions for +existence. + + +Neotoma cinerea drummondii (Richardson) + +Bushy-tailed Wood Rat + + _Myoxus drummondii_ Richardson, Zool. Jour., 3:517, 1828. (Type + probably from near Jasper House, Alberta, Canada.) + + _Neotoma cinerea drummondii_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 7:25, April 13, 1892. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _British Columbia_: Summit +Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W of Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W and 3 +mi. N Fort St. John, 3. + +_Remarks._--Wood rats were obtained at only two locations, Alcorn's +field notes indicating that the animals were rare and spotty in +distribution. Rand (1944:44) comments that the rats were "scarce north +of the Lower Liard Crossing." + +At both localities where specimens were taken, Alcorn noted first +their characteristic droppings. At Summit Pass, droppings were found +in a rock slide at the upper limit of timber line; one rat was taken. +At the trapping station five miles west and three miles north of Fort +St. John, droppings were found in and under an old abandoned building; +four young (two prepared) and one adult were obtained. + + +Synaptomys borealis dalli Merriam + +Northern Bog Lemming + + _Synaptomys_ (_Mictomys_) _dalli_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 10:62, March 19, 1896. (Type from Nulato, Alaska.) + + _Synaptomys borealis dalli_ A. B. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 50:24, + (June 30) August 5, 1927. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 6, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Deadman +Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 1. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre +Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 5. + +_Remarks._--The northern bog lemming is evidently not generally +distributed along the Alaska Highway but may be locally numerous in +cover of grass and sedge especially in marsh and bog habitat. Five +specimens were obtained in a grassy area 30 feet wide by 60 feet long +which was approximately 50 feet from McIntyre Creek in the Yukon +Territory. In 22 mouse traps set the first night in this locality, +three _Synaptomys_, six _Microtus_ and one _Sorex_ were taken. One +additional _Synaptomys_ was taken on each of the following two nights +in the same area. At Deadman Lake, Alaska, one _Synaptomys_ was taken +in heavy sedge bordering a small pond. + + +Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni (Merriam) + +Dawson Red-backed Mouse + + _Evotomys dawsoni_ Merriam, Amer. Nat., 22:650, July, 1888. + (Type from Finlayson River, a northern source of the Liard River, + lat. 61 deg. 30' N, long. 129 deg. 30' W, Yukon, Canada.) + + _Clethrionomys rutilus dawsoni_ Rausch, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., + 40:135, April 21, 1950. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 126, as follows: _Alaska_: Chatanika +River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 17; 1 mi. SW +Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 +mi. E Fairbanks, 15; 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 3; Yerrick +Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 32; Tok Junction, 1600 ft., +1; E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, 9; 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 9; Glenn Highway, 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1; E +side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 2; 1 mi. S +Haines, 5 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: Jct. Grafe Creek and Edith Creek, +2; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 4; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 2; W +side Lewes River, 2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 6; SW end Desadeash +Lake, 15. _British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. +Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 1; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S and +21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit Pass, 4500 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W +Fort Nelson, 2. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from one mile northeast of Anchorage show little +tendency toward _C. r. orca_ from the Prince William Sound area (see +Orr, 1945:73). One specimen from this locality is slightly darker than +the others. + +Red-backed mice were numerous in most localities where Alcorn trapped. +A number of specimens were taken adjacent to and within abandoned road +camps, where second growth vegetation was rank. As in the case of _C. +gapperi_, he found _C. rutilus_ in varied habitats. + + +Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae (Preble) + +Red-backed Mouse + + _Evotomys gapperi athabascae_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 27:178, + October 26, 1908. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave Lake, Mackenzie + District, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Clethrionomys gapperi athabascae_ Harper, Jour. Mamm., 13:28, + February 9, 1932. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 14, as follows: _British Columbia_: N +side Muska River, 1200 ft., 4 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1; E side Minaker +River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 3; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 4. +_Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 6. + +_Remarks._--These red-backed mice were taken in various habitats: +grassy areas in aspen and poplar forest, heavy spruce forest with no +undergrowth excepting lichens and moss, thick underbrush in river +flood plain, and at the site of an old sawmill. The northwestern +distribution of this species along the Alaska Highway as found by +Alcorn is approximately the same as that found by Rand (1944:44). + + +Ondatra zibethicus spatulatus (Osgood) + +Muskrat + + _Fiber spatulatus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:36, October 6, 1900. + (Type from Lake Marsh, Yukon, Canada.) + + _Ondatra zibethica spatulata_ Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 231, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Alaska_: N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1; E side Deadman +Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. NE Northway, 1. + +_Remarks._--One muskrat was shot in an old beaver pond on the north +side of the Salcha River. A skull from a carcass, that had been left +by a trapper the previous winter, was obtained at Deadman Lake. + + +Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii Preble + +Lemming Mouse + + _Phenacomys mackenzii_ Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:182, + August 6, 1902. (Type from Fort Smith, Slave River, Mackenzie, + Canada.) + + _Phenacomys intermedius mackenzii_ Crowe, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist, 80:403, February 4, 1943. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: SE end Dezadeash +Lake. + +_Remarks._--A subadult taken only a few miles from the Alaskan border +in Yukon Territory constitutes an extension of the known range of this +species to the northwest. The mouse is evidently rare or irregular in +its distribution since Alcorn did considerable trapping in the area +from which only one was taken. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus + +Pennsylvania Meadow Mouse + +The Pennsylvania meadow mouse is an abundant mammal along the Alaska +Highway. Alcorn obtained specimens at most of his trapping stations, +frequently in company with _Microtus oeconomus_ at the more northern +localities. A preferred habitat was grassy areas and willow clumps +along streams or at the edges of lakes. The best catches were made +along well-used runways, especially where there were piles of cut +grass. These runways were used also by _Clethrionomys_ and other small +animals. Specimens of _M. pennsylvanicus_ were frequently taken in +the daytime; one was taken on June 29 as it was swimming at the edge +of a small lake near the junction of the Liard River and Irons Creek +in British Columbia. + +Lacking sufficient comparative material in the past, most workers have +considered that _M. pennsylvanicus_ ranges without appreciable +geographic variation throughout most of northwestern Canada and +Alaska, where it has been referred to the subspecies, _M. p. +drummondii_. Dale (1940), in studying collections made in British +Columbia and southeastern Alaska, found evidence of geographic +variation and recognized two new subspecies; thus he not only pointed +out geographically variable characters but reduced the size of the +range ascribed to _M. p. drummondii_. A later work by Rand (1943) +considered the northwestern populations of _M. pennsylvanicus_ as +being too variable to show distinctive groupings. The large collection +made by Alcorn offers evidence that other separable subspecies with +constant characters are present. Study of this material indicates the +presence of two unnamed subspecies, which are named and described as +follows: + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus alcorni new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21552, Univ. Kansas, Mus. +Nat. Hist., 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 feet elevation, Yukon Territory, +Canada; 24 August 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5240. + +_Range._--Extreme southwestern Yukon Territory and adjacent parts of +Alaska as far south as Haines, as far north as Northway, and as far +west along the Alaskan coast as Anchorage and Tyonek. + +_Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); color of upper parts near +(_l_) Brussels Brown; skull noticeably ridged; zygomatic arches heavy, +rounded and relatively short; rostrum heavy; auditory bullae not +greatly expanded; maxillary teeth relatively heavy and low-crowned. + +_Comparisons._--From _M. p. drummondii_ (specimens from vicinity of +Whitehorse, Y. T., Trutch, B. C., and Kinuso, Alberta), _M. p. +alcorni_ differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements +taken except lengths of tail and hind foot, which are the same; color +of upper parts slightly paler and more gray and less brown; underparts +paler; zygomatic arches heavier, rounder and shorter; skull +proportionately more massive, except the auditory bullae which are +less inflated; maxillary teeth heavier and lower-crowned. + +From _M. p. rubidus_ (specimens from Atlin, B. C.), _M. p. alcorni_ +differs as follows: Averaging larger in all cranial measurements taken +except length of the maxillary tooth-row which is the same; color of +upperparts more gray and less brown; underparts darker; skull longer +with longer nasals and heavier zygomatic arches; skull of adult more +heavily ridged. + +From _M. p. admiraltiae_ (specimens from Admiralty Island), _M. p. +alcorni_ differs as follows: Averaging larger in all measurements +taken; color of upper parts more gray and less brown, underparts +darker. + +_Remarks._--_Microtus p. alcorni_ is a well-defined subspecies +differing markedly from adjacent subspecies by a larger and heavier +skull and broader, more rounded and heavier zygomatic arches. +Characters examined in the specimens available are constant. Specimens +from Haines are slightly darker than those from Kluane. An adult (No. +21534, UKMNH) from Northway has slightly more inflated auditory bullae +than those from Kluane. An adult from Tyonek (No. 986, UKMNH) has +richer brown upper parts. Measurements of this specimen resemble +closely those of animals from Kluane, although the rostrum is +noticably heavier. + +Several adults were available from many of the localities of +occurrence of _M. p. alcorni_. At the locality 9 miles west and 4 +miles north of Haines, there were four which were considered to be old +adults. These four had larger measurements than others considered to +be fully adult. In addition, the skulls were larger and more rugged. +There were occasionally old adults in other series. For the sake of +uniformity, I have not considered these aforementioned old adults in +the comparative studies of younger adults. This subspecies is named in +honor of J(oseph). R(aymond). Alcorn, the collector. + +_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six adults of +both sexes of _M. p. alcorni_ from the type locality are as follows: +Total length, 162 (149-172); length of tail, 43 (39-45); condylobasal +length, 26.3 (25.6-26.3); basal length, 25.2 (24.2-25.9); length of +nasals, 7.3 (6.9-7.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 (14.9-15.6); breadth +across auditory bullae, 12.8 (12.4-13.2); alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.4 (6.1-6.7). Seven adults of both sexes from 9 +miles west and 4 miles north of Haines have the following +measurements: 158 (148-165); 45 (41-50); 26.1 (25.5-26.8); 24.8 +(24.4-25.7); 7.3 (7.0-7.6); 14.9 (14.3-15.1); 12.2 (11.8-13.0); 6.2 +(5.9-6.3). + +_Specimens examined._--Total 65, distributed by localities of capture +as follows and deposited in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural +History: _Alaska_: E side Deadman Lake, 1800 ft., 15 mi. SE Northway, +7; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 100 ft., 1; Tyonek, Cook's Inlet, 1; E side +Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 37. _Yukon +Territory_: 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2250 ft., 14; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2; +11/2 mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 3. Specimens reported by +Osgood (1904:35) have not been seen by me but may be of this +subspecies, and are tentatively referred to it. These are from the +following localities in Alaska: Lake Clark near Keejik, near the mouth +of the Chulitna River, and Kakhtul River near the junction with the +Malchatna. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus tananaensis new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 21509, Univ. Kansas, Mus. +Nat. Hist., Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, Alaska; +20 July 1947; obtained by J. R. Alcorn; original No. 5023. + +_Range._--East-central Alaska as far south as Tok Junction, as far +west as Mt. McKinley, as far north as Fairbanks and as far east as +Eagle. + +_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements); color of upper parts +dark, near (_n_) Prout's Brown, with some individual variation; skull +with zygomatic arches moderately heavy and wide; nasals relatively +long; auditory bullae inflated. + +_Comparisons._--From _M. p. alcorni_ (see description), _M. p. +tananaensis_ differs as follows: Smaller in all measurements taken +except alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row which is the +same; color of upper parts darker, more richly brown and less gray; +underparts darker; zygomatic arches less massive and narrower; +auditory bullae larger and more inflated. + +From _M. p. drummondii_ (see comparisons under _M. p. alcorni_), _M. +p. tananaensis_ differs as follows: Larger in all cranial measurements +taken except nasal length which is the same; color everywhere slightly +darker; wider across zygomatic arches; zygoma thicker; nasals, +relative to length of skull, shorter; auditory bullae larger and more +inflated. + +_Remarks._--For the most part the material available of this +subspecies consisted of subadults; however, comparison of adults with +those of adjacent subspecies indicates that this subspecies can be +distinguished by color of the upper parts, cranial measurements, and +size of the zygomatic arches and the auditory bullae. Specimens from +14 miles east and 25 miles north of Fairbanks are especially dark. One +subadult (No. 21467, UKMNH) has blackish hair on the feet and a +blackish unicolored tail. No. 241696, USBS, an old adult female, from +Ketchumstock, is larger. + +The specimens referred to this subspecies, vary some in color, but +vary less in cranial characters. Additional adults are needed from +western Alaska to determine how far this subspecies extends down the +valley of the Yukon River. Bailey (1900:24) lists one specimen from +Nulato, as _drummondii_; I have not seen it but on geographic grounds +tentatively assign it to _M. p. tananaensis_. + +_Measurements._--Measurements of the type specimen are as follows: +Total length, 160; length of tail, 40; condylobasal length, 26.0; +basal length, 24.9; length of nasals, 6.7; zygomatic breadth, 14.5; +breadth across auditory bullae, 12.5; alveolar length of upper +molariform tooth-row, 6.2. Two specimens from Eagle (Nos. 128295 and +128320, USBS) have the following measurements respectively: 161, 154; +37.5, 36; 25.3, 25.4; 23.8, 23.9; 6.5, 6.8; 14.5, 14.6; 11.9, 12.3; +6.1, 6.1. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 34, distributed by localities of capture +as follows and unless otherwise stated in the University of Kansas +Museum of Natural History: _Alaska_: Near Buster Creek, Chatanika +River, 1 (USBS); Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N +Fairbanks, 4; Fairbanks, 2 (USBS); head of Glacier Creek, Mt. +McKinley, 1 (USBS); Moose Creek, Mt. McKinley, 2 (USBS); head of +Toklat River, 1 (USBS); Eagle, 4 (USBS); Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 +mi. N Tok Junction, 13; Ketchumstock, 2 (USBS); 9 mi. from mouth of +Robertson River, 1 (USBS); Tanana, 3 (USBS); Tanana Crossing, 1 +(USBS). Osgood (1909b:24) records specimens which may be of this +subspecies from the following localities in Alaska: Charlie Creek, +Circle, 20 miles above Circle, 40 miles above Circle, Nation Creek, +and Seventy Mile Creek. Osgood (1900:36) also records specimens from +near Fort Yukon. None of these has been seen by me; they are only +tentatively assigned to this subspecies. + + +Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii (Audubon and Bachman) + + _Arvicola drummondii_ Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. North Amer., + 3:166, 1854. (Type, by subsequent designation, from vicinity of + Jasper House, Alberta.) + + _Microtus pennsylvanicus drummondii_ Hollister, Canadian Alp. Jour., + Special Number, p. 23, February 17, 1913. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 93, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 26; W side Lewes River, +2150 ft., 2 mi. S Whitehorse, 4; 5 mi. W Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 +mi. S and 53 mi. E Whitehorse, 7; E side Teslin River, 2300 ft., 16 +mi. S and 59 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: 1 mi. NW jct. +Irons Creek and Liard River, 8; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout +River and Liard River, 3; N side Liard River, 1/2 mi. W jct. Liard River +and Trout River, 1; 1/4 mi. S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 13; S +side Toad River, 10 mi. S and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 2; Summit Pass, +4200 ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 2; E side Minaker River, +1 mi. W Trutch, 19; Beatton River, 115 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1; 5 mi. W +and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 2. _Alberta_: Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 +mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 4. + +_Remarks._--Adults among the specimens listed above vary but little; +one female from Assineau River in Alberta is notably more reddish than +others taken elsewhere. + +Average and extreme measurements of nine adults of both sexes of _M. +p. drummondii_ from E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, British +Columbia, are as follows: Total length, 157 (148-165); length of tail, +42 (37-46); condylobasal length, 25.1 (24.7-26.0); basal length, 24.2 +(23.4-25.0); length of nasals, 6.8 (6.4-7.2); zygomatic breadth, 14.4 +(13.9-14.7); breadth across auditory bullae, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); +alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.1 (6.0-6.2); Nine +adults of both sexes from McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 miles northwest +of Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, have the following measurements: 153 +(147-168); 40 (33-47); 24.9 (24.2-25.5); 24.0 (23.6-24.6); 6.6 +(6.2-7.2); 14.4 (13.9-15.1); 12.1 (11.7-12.5); 6.1 (6.0-6.2). + + +Microtus _cf._ cantator Anderson + +Yukon Singing Mouse + + _Microtus cantator_ Anderson, Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 102, + Biol. Ser. No. 31:161, [for 1946], January 24, 1947. (Type "taken + in tundra-slide above timber-line on mountain top near Tepee Lake + on north slope of St. Elias Range," Yukon Territory, Canada.) + +_Specimen examined._--One from _Alaska_: Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N +and 1 mi. E Paxson. + +_Remarks._--The single adult male, obtained by Alcorn, has been +compared by Dr. Henry W. Setzer with specimens of _Microtus muriei_ +Nelson, _M. miurus miurus_ Osgood, and _M. m. oreas_ Osgood in the +United States National Museum. He reports that the specimen is related +most closely to _M. miurus_ but exhibits characters by which it is, at +least, subspecifically distinct from these two forms of this species. +Three specimens of _M. andersoni_ Rand and one of _M. cantator_ +Anderson, borrowed from the National Museum of Canada are less mature +than the specimen in question. Even so, the male from Fish Creek is +less gray than _M. andersoni_ and as seen from measurements of the +type, an adult male (Rand, 1945:42), is larger with longer tail and +has a shorter and narrower skull and is judged to be taxonomically +separable. _M. cantator_ was named from two specimens; both the +paratype (seen by me) and seemingly the type are too young to show +clearly subspecific characters. Alcorn's specimen is tentatively +referred to _M. cantator_ until some adult topotypes can be obtained. +Measurements of the male, No. 21539, from Fish Creek, are: Total +length, 152; length of tail, 30; hind foot, 22; condylobasal length, +28.0; basal length, 26.6; length of nasals, 7.1; zygomatic breadth, +13.8; breadth across auditory bullae, 11.5; least interorbital +breadth, 3.3; alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.2. + +Alcorn took this specimen in an area above timberline where a low +growth of willow was the dominant vegetation. Traps were set where he +had seen a mouse go into a small burrow. The next morning, August 18, +1947, he found this specimen and two _Microtus oeconomus macfarlani_ +in his traps. + +Microtines of the subgenus _Stenocranius_ from continental areas of +Alaska and Northwestern Canada are represented in collections by a few +specimens from widely separated localities. Lacking material from +intermediate localities, describers have given specific recognition to +several of these isolated populations. Future collecting will be +necessary to disclose whether the North American mice of this subgenus +belong to one or to more than one species and may disclose whether or +not there has been more than one invasion of the North American +continent by members of this Asiatic group. + + +Microtus longicaudus vellerosus J. A. Allen + +Long-tailed Meadow Mouse + + _Microtus vellerosus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., + 12:7, March 4, 1899. (Type from upper Liard River, British Columbia, + Canada.) + + _Microtus longicaudus vellerosus_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian + Field-Nat., 58:20, April 1, 1944. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 127, as follows: _Alaska_: N side Salcha +River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks, 1. _Yukon Territory_: +6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 10; 1/2 mi. W Whitehorse, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 18; 11/2 +mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 24. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, +20; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 4; 1/4 mi. +S jct. Trout River and Liard River, 15; S side Toad River, 10 mi. S +and 21 mi. E Muncho Lake, 27; SE end Muncho Lake, 4; Summit Pass, 4500 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson, 1. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from 11/2 miles south and 3 miles east of Dalton +Post and from Dezadeash Lake in Yukon Territory and from Stonehouse +Creek in British Columbia are referred to _M. l. vellerosus_ although +in color of upper parts they show close relationship with _M. l. +littoralis_. These specimens are less gray and more brown than +specimens more typical of _M. l. vellerosus_ from the Liard River +area. + +Alcorn found the long-tailed meadow mouse in widely separated areas. +Most specimens were obtained in grassy situations near water or on +moist ground. The single male from Summit Pass in British Columbia was +taken above timberline. + + +Microtus longicaudus littoralis Swarth + +Long-tailed Meadow Mouse + + _Microtus mordax littoralis_ Swarth, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 46:209, October 26, 1933. (Type from Shakan, Prince of Wales Island, + Alaska.) + + _Microtus longicaudus littoralis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:491, + November 14, 1938. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 29, as follows: _Alaska_: E side Chilkat +River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 9; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., +20. + +_Remarks._--In comparison with the series of _M. l. vellerosus_ from +the Liard River area, the long-tailed meadow mice from near Haines are +more reddish brown, have a longer tail, and have a smaller skull with +smaller auditory bullae. This subspecies is restricted to the coastal +area, and as noted under the account of _M. l. vellerosus_, +intergradation between these two forms occurs a relatively short +distance inland. + + +Microtus oeconomus macfarlani Merriam + +Tundra Mouse + + _Microtus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:24, March 14, 1900. (Type from Fort Anderson, Anderson River, + Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Microtus oec[onomus] macfarlani_ Zimmerman, Archiv f. Naturgesch., + 11:187, September 12, 1942. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 70, as follows: _Alaska_: Circle, 664 +ft., 1; Chatanika River, 700 ft., 14 mi. E and 25 mi. N Fairbanks, 13; +Twelve Mile Summit, 3225 ft., Steese Highway, 6; 1 mi. SW Fairbanks, +440 ft., 3; N side Salcha River, 600 ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E +Fairbanks, 28; Yerrick Creek, 21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 9; +Fish Creek, 3400 ft., 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E Paxson, 3; Glenn Highway, 6 +mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1. _Yukon Territory_: Jct. Grafe and Edith +Creeks, 1; 6 mi. SW Kluane, 2550 ft., 2; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1. +_British Columbia_: Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek +and Kelsall River, 2. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn found the tundra mouse in many of the localities at +which he trapped in east-central Alaska. Specimens were taken above +timberline, along roads, in grassy areas which had been cleared of +timber, and in low vegetation bordering streams. On August 17 at Fish +Creek, 5 miles north and 1 mile east of Paxson, Alaska, Alcorn +obtained one of these mice in a tree in the daytime. Immature +specimens taken at Stonehouse Creek are, to my knowledge, the first +records for this species in British Columbia. + + +Mus musculus Linnaeus + +House Mouse + + _[Mus] musculus_ Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1:62, 1758. + (Type from Upsala, Sweden.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 6, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. NE +Anchorage, 100 ft., 2. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, 2259 ft., 3 +mi. NW Whitehorse, 2; 2 mi. NNW Whitehorse, 2100 ft., 1. _Alberta_: +Assineau River, 1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn took house mice in and near areas inhabited by man. +One mouse was taken near Whitehorse on July 10 under a building which +had not been occupied for one year. Another was taken at the +Whitehorse city dump. Near Kinuso, one specimen was obtained at the +site of an old sawmill. + + +Zapus hudsonius hudsonius (Zimmermann) + +Meadow Jumping Mouse + + _Dipus hudsonius_ Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., 2:358, 1780. + (Type from Hudson Bay, Canada.) + + _Zapus hudsonius_ Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., + ser. 2, 1:253, January 8, 1876. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 8, as follows: _British Columbia_: 1 mi. +NW jct. Irons Creek and Liard River, 3; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. +Trout River and Liard River, 1; E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, +1; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1. _Alberta_: Assineau River, +1920 ft., 10 mi. E and 1 mi. N Kinuso, 1. + +_Remarks._--The jumping mice listed above have been compared with +specimens of _Z. h. hudsonius_ from Ontario and Michigan. The zone of +contact between _Z. h. hudsonius_ and _Z. h. alascensis_ is still +unknown; Alcorn obtained no specimens between Irons Creek and +Whitehorse. To my knowledge there are no records from this extensive +area. + +Alcorn took _Zapus_ in grassy areas at the edge of water, in an old +gravel pit, and at the site of an old sawmill. Animals were taken as +early as June 30 and as late as September 2. + + +Zapus hudsonius alascensis Merriam + +Meadow Jumping Mouse + + _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:223, July 15, 1897. (Type from Yakutat Bay, Alaska.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 18, as follows: _Alaska_: 1 mi. SW +Fairbanks, 440 ft., 1; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 +mi. N Haines, 8. _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW +Whitehorse, 4; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1. _British Columbia_: +Stonehouse Creek, 51/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4. + +_Remarks._--Specimens taken by Alcorn were compared with +representatives of both _Z. princeps_ (Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon) and _Z. +hudsonius_ (Ontario, Michigan, Kansas, Wyoming). All have been +referred to _Z. hudsonius_ although one female from Stonehouse Creek +shows some tendency toward _Z. princeps_ in external measurements, +length of upper molariform tooth-row, and length of incisive foramina. + + +Erethizon dorsatum myops Merriam + +Porcupine + + _Erethizon epixanthus myops_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:27, March 14, 1900. (Type from Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula, + Alaska.) + + _Erethizon dorsatum myops_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian Jour. Res., + 21:293, September 24, 1943. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Alaska_: Yerrick Creek, +21 mi. W and 4 mi. N Tok Junction, 1. _Yukon Territory_: 2 mi. W +Teslin River, 2400 ft., 16 mi. S and 56 mi. E Whitehorse, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn found little evidence of porcupines along the +highway. The female from the Teslin River was found under a building. +The female from Yerrick Creek was in dense underbrush in a spruce +forest and weighed 20 pounds. + + +Canis latrans incolatus Hall + +Coyote + + _Canis latrans incolatus_ Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:369, + November 5, 1934. (Type from Isaacs Lake, 3000 ft., Bowron Lake + region, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 25 mi. +NW Whitehorse, 1. _British Columbia_: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 1. + + +Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot + +Wolf + + _Canis pambasileus_ Elliot, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:79, + February 21, 1905. (Type from Susitna River, region of Mount McKinley, + Alaska.) + + _Canis lupus pambasileus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 18:45, + February 14, 1937. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 1; Marshall +Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. + +_Remarks._--Alcorn reported wolf sign at many of his camps along the +highway. Skulls were obtained from trappers. + + +Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson + +Wolf + + _Canis lupus occidentalis_ Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, + 1:60, 1829. (Type not designated, restricted to Fort Simpson, + Mackenzie, Canada, by Miller, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 59 (no. 15):4, + June 8, 1912.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: Buckinghorse +River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson. + + +Canis lupus columbianus Goldman + +Wolf + + _Canis lupus columbianus_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 54:110, September 30, 1941. (Type from Wistaria, north side of Ootsa + Lake, Coast District, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, 10 +mi. S and 50 mi. E Teslin. + + +Vulpes fulva abietorum Merriam + +Red Fox + + _Vulpes alascensis abietorum_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., + 2:669, December 28, 1900. (Type from Stuart Lake, British Columbia, + Canada.) + + _Vulpes fulva abietorum_ Bailey, Nature Mag., 28:317, November 1936. + +_Specimens examined._--Total 11, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: 6 mi. +SW Kluane, 2559 ft., 1; Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 6; +Champagne, N side Dezadeash River, 3; 11/2 mi. E Tatshenshini River, 11/2 +mi. S and 3 mi. E Dalton Post, 1. + +_Remarks._--Specimens obtained are skulls only, mostly taken in the +winter months by trappers. One fox was found dead with porcupine +quills stuck in and around its mouth. + + +Ursus americanus cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman + +Black Bear + + _Ursus americanus var. cinnamomum_ Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. + North Amer., 3; 125, 1854. (Type from Northern Rocky Mountains.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: 10 mi. +W Fort Nelson, 1; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 2. + +_Remarks._--One large, unsexed skull from Buckinghorse River with part +of the rostrum gone has the frontal shield strongly dished. A young +adult female taken 10 miles west of Fort Nelson on August 23, 1948, +has the following external measurements: Total length, 1345; tail, 65; +hind foot, 256; ear from notch, 135. + + +Ursus species + +Grizzly + +_Specimens examined._--Total 5, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: E side +Aishihik River, 17 mi. N Canyon, 1; Unahini River, 5 mi. N and 1 mi. E +Dalton Post, 1; Unahini River, 3 mi. N and 1 mi. E Dalton Post, 2. +_British Columbia_: Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S Fort Nelson, 1. + +_Remarks._--Of three specimens obtained at the Unahini River, two +males resemble each other closely, while the third, an old adult +represented by an unsexed skull with broken cranium, is markedly +different, the skull being noticeably shorter with shorter rostrum and +lower jaw and other distinctive features. It closely resembles the +skull of an adult male taken at the Aishihik River. Furthermore, the +first two animals show close relationships with an unsexed skull which +Alcorn obtained at the Buckinghorse River in British Columbia. + +Two males taken at the Unahini River in the Yukon Territory have the +following external measurements: Total length, 1933, 1812; tail, 150, +96; hind foot, 262, 260; ear from notch, 129, 131. Other specimens, +skulls only, obtained from native hunters, are partly broken. Alcorn +writes that the local hunters always shoot a grizzly in the head to be +certain that it is dead. + + +Mustela erminea arctica (Merriam) + +Ermine + + _Putorius arcticus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:15, June 30, 1896. + (Type from Point Barrow, Alaska.) + + _Mustela erminea arctica_ Ognev, The mammals of U. S. S. R. and + adjacent countries, 3:31, 1935. + +_Specimens examined._--Four from _Alaska_: N side Salcha River, 600 +ft., 25 mi. S and 20 mi. E Fairbanks. + +_Remarks._--One ermine was caught in a rat trap; the others were taken +within 50 yards of the trapped animal by attracting them with +squeaking calls to within shooting range. One of the weasels +approached to within ten feet of Alcorn, while he was making the +mentioned call. + + +Mustela erminea richardsonii Bonaparte + +Ermine + + _Mustela richardsonii_ Bonaparte, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., + 2:38, January, 1838. (Type from Fort Franklin, at western end of + Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie district, Northwest Territories, Canada.) + + _Mustela erminea richardsonii_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, + July 19, 1945. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Yukon Territory_: McIntyre Creek, +2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse. + + +Mustela erminea alascensis (Merriam) + +Ermine + + _Putorius richardsonii alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:12, + June 30, 1896. (Type from Juneau, Alaska.) + + _Mustela erminea alascensis_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 26:180, + July 19, 1945. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _Alaska_: E side Chilkat River, 100 +ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. + + +Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs) + +Mink + + _Putorius vison energumenos_ Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 27:5, March, 1896. (Type from Sumas, British Columbia, Canada.) + + _Mustela vison energumenos_ Miller, North Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 101, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One (broken and unsexed skull) from _Yukon +Territory_: Champagne, N side Dezadeash River. + +_Remarks._--While studying moose at Medicine Lake, near Circle Hot +Springs, Alaska, on August 9, 1947, Alcorn observed some mink +concerning which he records the following: "After waiting about an +hour a large mink was seen traveling northward on land at the edge of +the lake. It continued and went out of sight. I waited about two +minutes and then started a series of loud squeaks. To our surprise we +soon saw what we judged was the same mink. In company with this mink +were five others.... These mink were much interested in the squeaking +noise and some came within 10 feet of me. They stayed on land most of +the time but some of them made short swims a few feet out into the +lake. One had a white chin, another had a white spot on its chest. +This group may have been an adult female with her young." + + +Martes pennanti columbiana Goldman + +Fisher + + _Martes pennanti columbiana_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 48:176, November 15, 1935. (Type from Stuart Lake, near headwaters + of Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. +N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 1; N side Liard River, Fort +Halkett, 1. + + +Martes americana actuosa (Osgood) + +Marten + + _Mustela americana actuosa_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:43, + October 6, 1900. (Type from Fort Yukon, Alaska.) + + _Martes americana actuosa_ Miller, N. Amer. Land Mamm. 1911, + p. 93, December 31, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: N side Liard River +Fort Halkett, 1. + + +Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr + +Canada Lynx + + _Lynx canadensis_ Kerr, Anim. Kingd., vol. 1, systematic catalogue + inserted between pages 32 and 33 (description, p. 157), 1792. (Type + from Eastern Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _Yukon Territory_: +Marshall Creek, 3 mi. N Dezadeash River, 1. _British Columbia_: 14 mi. +N Fort Halkett, W side Smith River, 2; Buckinghorse River, 94 mi. S +Fort Nelson, 1. + + +Alces americana gigas Miller + +Moose + + _Alces gigas_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:57, + May 29, 1899. (Type from North side Tustumena Lake, Kenai Peninsula, + Alaska.) + + _Alces americanus gigas_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 24:29, + November 23, 1904. + +_Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: 15 mi. NW Kelsall +Lake. + + +Oreamnos americanus columbiae Hollister + +Mountain Goat + + _Oreamnos montanus columbianus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 20:20, February 10, 1904. Not _Capra columbiana_ Desmilins, + 1823. + + _Oreamnos americanus columbiae_ Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 25:186, December 24, 1912. (Type from Shesley Mountains, + northern British Columbia, Canada.) + +_Specimens examined._--Two from _British Columbia_: 12 mi. S jct. +Liard River and Trout River. + +_Remarks._--Two skulls of male goats were obtained from a trapper, +Johnny Pie, who shot them on July 4, 1948. Field notes indicate that +both mountain goats and mountain sheep are frequently taken by natives +in the Liard River area. + + +Ovis dalli stonei Allen + +Northern Mountain Sheep + + _Ovis stonei_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:111, + April 8, 1897. (Type from headwaters of the Stikine River, + British Columbia, Canada.) + + _Ovis dalli stonei_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:28, + March 4, 1912. + +_Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Summit Pass, 4200 +ft., 10 mi. S and 70 mi. W Fort Nelson. + +_Remarks._--The specimen has the following external measurements: +Total length, 1474; tail, 84; length of hind foot, 400; ear from +notch, 91. The individual is a male, seven years old, as judged by the +rings of growth on the horns. The skull is accompanied by a skin now +tanned for study purposes. + + + + + LITERATURE CITED + + + Anderson, R. M. + 1937. Mammals and birds of the Western Arctic District, Northwest + Territories, Canada. Reprinted from Canada's Western + Northland, Dept. of Interior, Ottawa, pp. 97-122, 5 figs., + 1 map, July 9. + 1947. Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. Nat. Mus. Canada, + Bull. 102, Biol. Ser. 31:v+238 pp., [for 1946], January 24. + + Bailey, V. + 1900. Revision of American voles of the genus Microtus. N. Amer. + Fauna, 17:1-88, 5 pls., 17 figs., June 6. + + Cowan, I. M. + 1937. The distribution of flying squirrels in western British + Columbia with the description of a new race. Proc. Biol. + Soc. Washington, 50:77-82, June 22. + + Dale, F. H. + 1940. Geographic variation in the meadow mouse in British Columbia + and southeastern Alaska. Jour. Mamm., 21:332-340, August 14. + + Howell, A. H. + 1918. Revision of the American flying squirrels. N. Amer. Fauna, + 44:1-64, 7 pls., 4 figs., June 13. + 1924. Revision of the American pikas. N. Amer. Fauna, 47:1-57, + 6 pls., 4 figs., August 21. + + Jackson, H. H. T. + 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews. N. + Amer. Fauna, 51:i-vi+1-238, 13 pls., 24 figs., July. + + Orr, R. T. + 1945. A study of the _Clethrionomys dawsoni_ group of red-backed + mice. Jour. Mamm., 26:67-74, February 27. + + Osgood, W. H. + 1900. Results of a biological reconnaissance of the Yukon River + region. N. Amer. Fauna, 19:1-100, 7 pls., October 6. + 1904. A biological reconnaissance of the base of the Alaska + Peninsula. N. Amer. Fauna, 24:1-86, 7 pls., November 23. + 1909a. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. + N. Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., 12 figs., April 17. + 1909b. Biological investigations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. + N. Amer. Fauna, 30:1-96, 5 pls., October 7. + + Rand, A. L. + 1943. Canadian forms of the meadow mouse (_Microtus + pennsylvanicus_). Canadian Field-Nat., 57:115-123, + January 24. + 1944. The southern half of the Alaska highway and its mammals. + Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 98, Biol. Ser. No. 27:1-50, + 21 pls., 1 fig. + 1945. Mammal investigations on the Canol Road, Yukon and Northwest + Territories, 1944. Nat. Mus. Canada, Bull. No. 99, + Biol. Ser. No. 28:1-52, 20 pls., 1 fig. + + Swarth, H. S. + 1936. Mammals of the Atlin region, northwestern British Columbia. + Jour. Mamm., 17:398-405, November 14. + + +_Transmitted April 9, 1951._ + + + + + * * * * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes + + The text presented is essentially that in the original printed + document with the exception of some minor punctuation changes and + the typographical corrections detailed below. + + +Typographical Corrections + + Page 103 under Dawson Red-backed Mouse: Territoy => Territory + Page 104 under Muskrat: Mann. => Mamm. + Page 114 under Red Fox: procupine => porcupine + + + * * * * * * * * + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway, by +Rollin H. Baker + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS TAKEN ALONG THE *** + +***** This file should be named 33915.txt or 33915.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/9/1/33915/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/33915.zip b/33915.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..53923ce --- /dev/null +++ b/33915.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..376f7d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #33915 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33915) |
