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diff --git a/3391.txt b/3391.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddbfaef --- /dev/null +++ b/3391.txt @@ -0,0 +1,900 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Belated Guest, by William Dean Howells + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Belated Guest + From "Literary Friends And Acquaintances" + +Author: William Dean Howells + +Release Date: October 22, 2004 [EBook #3391] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BELATED GUEST *** + + + + +Produced by David Widger + + + + + +LITERARY FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES--A Belated Guest + +by William Dean Howells + + + +A BELATED GUEST + +It is doubtful whether the survivor of any order of things finds +compensation in the privilege, however undisputed by his contemporaries, +of recording his memories of it. This is, in the first two or three +instances, a pleasure. It is sweet to sit down, in the shade or by the +fire, and recall names, looks, and tones from the past; and if the +Absences thus entreated to become Presences are those of famous people, +they lend to the fond historian a little of their lustre, in which he +basks for the time with an agreeable sense of celebrity. But another +time comes, and comes very soon, when the pensive pleasure changes to the +pain of duty, and the precious privilege converts itself into a grievous +obligation. You are unable to choose your company among those immortal +shades; if one, why not another, where all seem to have a right to such +gleams of this 'dolce lome' as your reminiscences can shed upon them? +Then they gather so rapidly, as the years pass, in these pale realms, +that one, if one continues to survive, is in danger of wearing out such +welcome, great or small, as met ones recollections in the first two or +three instances, if one does one's duty by each. People begin to say, +and not without reason, in a world so hurried and wearied as this: "Ah, +here he is again with his recollections!" Well, but if the recollections +by some magical good-fortune chance to concern such a contemporary of his +as, say, Bret Harte, shall not he be partially justified, or at least +excused? + + + + +I. + +My recollections of Bret Harte begin with the arrest, on the Atlantic +shore, of that progress of his from the Pacific Slope, which, in the +simple days of 1871, was like the progress of a prince, in the universal +attention and interest which met and followed it. He was indeed a +prince, a fairy prince in whom every lover of his novel and enchanting +art felt a patriotic property, for his promise and performance in those +earliest tales of 'The Luck of Roaring Camp', and 'Tennessee's Partner', +and 'Maggles', and 'The Outcasts of Poker Flat', were the earnests of an +American literature to come. If it is still to come, in great measure, +that is not Harte's fault, for he kept on writing those stories, in one +form or another, as long as he lived. He wrote them first and last in +the spirit of Dickens, which no man of his time could quite help doing, +but he wrote them from the life of Bret Harte, on the soil and in the air +of the newest kind of new world, and their freshness took the soul of his +fellow-countrymen not only with joy, but with pride such as the +Europeans, who adored him much longer, could never know in him. + +When the adventurous young editor who had proposed being his host for +Cambridge and the Boston neighborhood, while Harte was still in San +Francisco, and had not yet begun his princely progress eastward, read of +the honors that attended his coming from point to point, his courage +fell, as if he had perhaps, committed himself in too great an enterprise. +Who was he, indeed, that he should think of making this + + "Dear son of memory, great heir of fame," + +his guest, especially when he heard that in Chicago Harte failed of +attending a banquet of honor because the givers of it had not sent a +carriage to fetch him to it, as the alleged use was in San Francisco? +Whether true or not, and it was probably not true in just that form, it +must have been this rumor which determined his host to drive into Boston +for him with the handsomest hack which the livery of Cambridge afforded, +and not trust to the horse-car and the local expressman to get him and +his baggage out, as he would have done with a less portentous guest. +However it was, he instantly lost all fear when they met at the station, +and Harte pressed forward with his cordial hand-clasp, as if he were not +even a fairy prince, and with that voice and laugh which were surely the +most winning in the world. He was then, as always, a child of extreme +fashion as to his clothes and the cut of his beard, which he wore in a +mustache and the drooping side-whiskers of the day, and his jovial +physiognomy was as winning as his voice, with its straight nose and +fascinating thrust of the under lip, its fine eyes, and good forehead, +then thickly crowned with the black hair which grew early white, while +his mustache remained dark the most enviable and consoling effect +possible in the universal mortal necessity of either aging or dying. He +was, as one could not help seeing, thickly pitted, but after the first +glance one forgot this, so that a lady who met him for the first time +could say to him, "Mr. Harte, aren't you afraid to go about in the cars +so recklessly when there is this scare about smallpox?" "No, madam," he +could answer in that rich note of his, with an irony touched by +pseudo-pathos, "I bear a charmed life." + +The drive out from Boston was not too long for getting on terms of +personal friendship with the family which just filled the hack, the two +boys intensely interested in the novelties of a New England city and +suburb, and the father and mother continually exchanging admiration of +such aspects of nature as presented themselves in the leafless sidewalk +trees, and patches of park and lawn. They found everything so fine, so +refined, after the gigantic coarseness of California, where the natural +forms were so vast that one could not get on companionable terms with +them. Their host heard them without misgiving for the world of romance +which Harte had built up among those huge forms, and with a subtle +perception that this was no excursion of theirs to the East, but a +lifelong exodus from the exile which he presently understood they must +always have felt California to be. It is different now, when people are +every day being born in California, and must begin to feel it home from +the first breath, but it is notable that none of the Californians of that +great early day have gone back to live amid the scenes which inspired and +prospered them. + +Before they came in sight of the editor's humble roof he had mocked +himself to his guest for his trepidations, and Harte with burlesque +magnanimity had consented to be for that occasion only something less +formidable than he had loomed afar. He accepted with joy the theory of +passing a week in the home of virtuous poverty, and the week began as +delightfully as it went on. From first to last Cambridge amused him as +much as it charmed him by that air of academic distinction which was +stranger to him even than the refined trees and grass. It has already +been told how, after a list of the local celebrities had been recited to +him, he said, "why, you couldn't stand on your front porch and fire off +your revolver without bringing down a two volumer," and no doubt the +pleasure he had in it was the effect of its contrast with the wild +California he had known, and perhaps, when he had not altogether known +it, had invented. + + + + +II. + +Cambridge began very promptly to show him those hospitalities which he +could value, and continued the fable of his fairy princeliness in the +curiosity of those humbler admirers who could not hope to be his hosts or +his fellow-guests at dinner or luncheon. Pretty presences in the +tie-backs of the period were seen to flit before the home of virtuous +poverty, hungering for any chance sight of him which his outgoings or +incomings might give. The chances were better with the outgoings than +with the incomings, for these were apt to be so hurried, in the final +result of his constitutional delays, as to have the rapidity of the +homing pigeon's flight, and to afford hardly a glimpse to the quickest +eye. It cannot harm him, or any one now, to own that Harte was nearly +always late for those luncheons and dinners which he was always going out +to, and it needed the anxieties and energies of both families to get him +into his clothes, and then into the carriage where a good deal of final +buttoning must have been done, in order that he might not arrive so very +late. He was the only one concerned who was quite unconcerned; his +patience with his delays was inexhaustible; he arrived at the expected +houses smiling, serenely jovial, radiating a bland gaiety from his whole +person, and ready to ignore any discomfort he might have occasioned. + +Of course, people were glad to have him on his own terms, and it may be +truly said that it was worth while to have him on any terms. There never +was a more charming companion, an easier or more delightful guest. + +It was not from what he said, for he was not much of a talker, and almost +nothing of a story-teller; but he could now and then drop the fittest +word, and with a glance or smile of friendly intelligence express the +appreciation of another's fit word which goes far to establish for a man +the character of boon humorist. It must be said of him that if he took +the honors easily that were paid him he took them modestly, and never by +word or look invited them, or implied that he expected them. It was fine +to see him humorously accepting the humorous attribution of scientific +sympathies from Agassiz, in compliment of his famous epic describing the +incidents that "broke up the society upon the Stanislow." It was a +little fearsome to hear him frankly owning to Lowell his dislike for +something over-literary in the phrasing of certain verses of 'The +Cathedral.' But Lowell could stand that sort of thing from a man who +could say the sort of things that Harte said to him of that delicious +line picturing the bobolink as he + + "Runs down a brook of laughter in the air." + +This, Harte told him, was the line he liked best of all his lines, and +Lowell smoked well content with the praise. Yet they were not men to get +on easily together, Lowell having limitations in directions where Harte +had none. Afterward in London they did not meet often or willingly. +Lowell owned the brilliancy and uncommonness of Harte's gift, while he +sumptuously surfeited his passion of finding everybody more or less a Jew +by finding that Harte was at least half a Jew on his father's side; he +had long contended for the Hebraicism of his name. + +With all his appreciation of the literary eminences whom Fields used to +class together as "the old saints," Harte had a spice of irreverence that +enabled him to take them more ironically than they might have liked, and +to see the fun of a minor literary man's relation to them. Emerson's +smoking amused him, as a Jovian self-indulgence divinely out of character +with so supreme a god, and he shamelessly burlesqued it, telling how +Emerson at Concord had proposed having a "wet night" with him over a +glass of sherry, and had urged the scant wine upon his young friend with +a hospitable gesture of his cigar. But this was long after the Cambridge +episode, in which Longfellow alone escaped the corrosive touch of his +subtle irreverence, or, more strictly speaking, had only the effect of +his reverence. That gentle and exquisitely modest dignity, of +Longfellow's he honored with as much veneration as it was in him to +bestow, and he had that sense of Longfellow's beautiful and perfected art +which is almost a test of a critic's own fineness. + + + + +III. + +As for Harte's talk, it was mostly ironical, not to the extreme of +satire, but tempered to an agreeable coolness even for the things he +admired. He did not apparently care to hear himself praised, but he +could very accurately and perfectly mark his discernment of excellence in +others. He was at times a keen observer of nature and again not, +apparently. Something was said before him and Lowell of the beauty of +his description of a rabbit, startled with fear among the ferns, and +lifting its head with the pulsation of its frightened heart visibly +shaking it; then the talk turned on the graphic homeliness of Dante's +noticing how the dog's skin moves upon it, and Harte spoke of the +exquisite shudder with which a horse tries to rid itself of a fly. + +But once again, when an azalea was shown to him as the sort of bush that +Sandy drunkenly slept under in 'The Idyl of Iced Gulch', he asked, "Why, +is that an azalea?" To be sure, this might have been less from his +ignorance or indifference concerning the quality of the bush he had sent +Sandy to sleep under than from his willingness to make a mock of an +azalea in a very small pot, so disproportionate to uses which an azalea +of Californian size could easily lend itself to. + +You never could be sure of Harte; he could only by chance be caught in +earnest about anything or anybody. Except for those slight recognitions +of literary, traits in his talk with Lowell, nothing remained from his +conversation but the general criticism he passed upon his brilliant +fellow-Hebrew Heine, as "rather scorbutic." He preferred to talk about +the little matters of common incident and experience. He amused himself +with such things as the mystification of the postman of whom he asked his +way to Phillips Avenue, where he adventurously supposed his host to be +living. "Why," the postman said, "there is no Phillips Avenue in +Cambridge. There's Phillips Place." "Well," Harte assented, "Phillips +Place will do; but there is a Phillips Avenue." He entered eagerly into +the canvass of the distinctions and celebrities asked to meet him at the +reception made for him, but he had even a greater pleasure in +compassionating his host for the vast disparity between the caterer's +china and plated ware and the simplicities and humilities of the home of +virtuous poverty; and he spluttered with delight at the sight of the +lofty 'epergnes' set up and down the supper-table when he was brought in +to note the preparations made in his honor. Those monumental structures +were an inexhaustible joy to him; he walked round and round the room, and +viewed them in different perspectives, so as to get the full effect of +the towering forms that dwarfed it so. + +He was a tease, as many a sweet and fine wit is apt to be, but his +teasing was of the quality of a caress, so much kindness went with it. He +lamented as an irreparable loss his having missed seeing that night an +absent-minded brother in literature, who came in rubber shoes, and +forgetfully wore them throughout the evening. That hospitable soul of +Ralph Keeler, who had known him in California, but had trembled for their +acquaintance when he read of all the honors that might well have spoiled +Harte for the friends of his simpler days, rejoiced in the unchanged +cordiality of his nature when they met, and presently gave him one of +those restaurant lunches in Boston, which he was always sumptuously +providing out of his destitution. Harte was the life of a time which was +perhaps less a feast of reason than a flow of soul. The truth is, there +was nothing but careless stories carelessly told, and jokes and laughing, +and a great deal of mere laughing without the jokes, the whole as unlike +the ideal of a literary symposium as well might be; but there was present +one who met with that pleasant Boston company for the first time, and to +whom Harte attributed a superstition of Boston seriousness not realized +then and there. "Look at him," he said, from time to time. "This is the +dream of his life," and then shouted and choked with fun at the +difference between the occasion and the expectation he would have +imagined in his commensal's mind. At a dinner long after in London, +where several of the commensals of that time met again, with other +literary friends of a like age and stature, Harte laid his arms well +along their shoulders as they formed in a half-circle before him, and +screamed out in mocking mirth at the bulbous favor to which the slim +shapes of the earlier date had come. The sight was not less a rapture to +him that he was himself the prey of the same practical joke from the +passing years. The hair which the years had wholly swept from some of +those thoughtful brows, or left spindling autumnal spears, "or few or +none," to "shake against the cold," had whitened to a wintry snow on his, +while his mustache had kept its youthful black. "He looks," one of his +friends said to another as they walked home together, "like a French +marquis of the ancien regime." "Yes," the other assented, thoughtfully, +"or like an American actor made up for the part." + +The saying closely fitted the outward fact, but was of a subtle injustice +in its implication of anything histrionic in Harte's nature. Never was +any man less a 'poseur'; he made simply and helplessly known what he was +at any and every moment, and he would join the witness very cheerfully in +enjoying whatever was amusing in the disadvantage to himself. In the +course of events, which were in his case so very human, it came about on +a subsequent visit of his to Boston that an impatient creditor decided to +right himself out of the proceeds of the lecture which was to be given, +and had the law corporeally present at the house of the friend where +Harte dined, and in the anteroom at the lecture-hall, and on the +platform, where the lecture was delivered with beautiful aplomb and +untroubled charm. He was indeed the only one privy to the law's presence +who was not the least affected by it, so that when his host of an earlier +time ventured to suggest, "Well, Harte, this is the old literary +tradition; this is the Fleet business over again," he joyously smote his +thigh and crowed out, "Yes, the Fleet!" No doubt he tasted all the +delicate humor of the situation, and his pleasure in it was quite +unaffected. + +If his temperament was not adapted to the harsh conditions of the elder +American world, it might very well be that his temperament was not +altogether in the wrong. If it disabled him for certain experiences of +life, it was the source of what was most delightful in his personality, +and perhaps most beautiful in his talent. It enabled him to do such +things as he did without being at all anguished for the things he did not +do, and indeed could not. His talent was not a facile gift; he owned +that he often went day after day to his desk, and sat down before that +yellow post-office paper on which he liked to write his literature, in +that exquisitely refined script of his, without being able to inscribe a +line. It may be owned for him that though he came to the East at +thirty-four, which ought to have been the very prime of his powers, he +seemed to have arrived after the age of observation was past for him. He +saw nothing aright, either in Newport, where he went to live, or in New +York, where he sojourned, or on those lecturing tours which took him +about the whole country; or if he saw it aright, he could not report it +aright, or would not. After repeated and almost invariable failures to +deal with the novel characters and circumstances which he encountered he +left off trying, and frankly went back to the semi-mythical California he +had half discovered, half created, and wrote Bret Harte over and over as +long as he lived. This, whether he did it from instinct or from reason, +was the best thing he could do, and it went as nearly as might be to +satisfy the insatiable English fancy for the wild America no longer to be +found on our map. + +It is imaginable of Harte that this temperament defended him from any +bitterness in the disappointment he may have shared with that simple +American public which in the early eighteen-seventies expected any and +everything of him in fiction and drama. The long breath was not his; he +could not write a novel, though he produced the like of one or two, and +his plays were too bad for the stage, or else too good for it. At any +rate, they could not keep it, even when they got it, and they denoted the +fatigue or the indifference of their author in being dramatizations of +his longer or shorter fictions, and not originally dramatic efforts. The +direction in which his originality lasted longest, and most strikingly +affirmed his power, was in the direction of his verse. + +Whatever minds there may be about Harte's fiction finally, there can +hardly be more than one mind about his poetry. He was indeed a poet; +whether he wrote what drolly called itself "dialect," or wrote language, +he was a poet of a fine and fresh touch. It must be allowed him that in +prose as well he had the inventive gift, but he had it in verse far more +importantly. There are lines, phrases, turns in his poems, +characterizations, and pictures which will remain as enduringly as +anything American, if that is not saying altogether too little for them. +In poetry he rose to all the occasions he made for himself, though he +could not rise to the occasions made for him, and so far failed in the +demands he acceded to for a Phi Beta Kappa poem, as to come to that +august Harvard occasion with a jingle so trivial, so out of keeping, so +inadequate that his enemies, if he ever truly had any, must have suffered +from it almost as much as his friends. He himself did not suffer from +his failure, from having read before the most elect assembly of the +country a poem which would hardly have served the careless needs of an +informal dinner after the speaking had begun; he took the whole +disastrous business lightly, gayly, leniently, kindly, as that golden +temperament of his enabled him to take all the good or bad of life. + +The first year of his Eastern sojourn was salaried in a sum which took +the souls of all his young contemporaries with wonder, if no baser +passion, in the days when dollars were of so much farther flight than +now, but its net result in a literary return to his publishers was one +story and two or three poems. They had not profited much by his book, +which, it will doubtless amaze a time of fifty thousand editions selling +before their publication, to learn had sold only thirty-five hundred in +the sixth month of its career, as Harte himself, + + "With sick and scornful looks averse," + +confided to his Cambridge host after his first interview with the Boston +counting-room. It was the volume which contained "The Luck of Roaring +Camp," and the other early tales which made him a continental, and then +an all but a world-wide fame. Stories that had been talked over, and +laughed over, and cried over all up and down the land, that had been +received with acclaim by criticism almost as boisterous as their +popularity, and recognized as the promise of greater things than any done +before in their kind, came to no more than this pitiful figure over the +booksellers' counters. It argued much for the publishers that in spite +of this stupefying result they were willing, they were eager, to pay him +ten thousand dollars for whatever, however much or little, he chose to +write in a year: Their offer was made in Boston, after some offers +mortifyingly mean, and others insultingly vague, had been made in New +York. + +It was not his fault that their venture proved of such slight return in +literary material. Harte was in the midst of new and alien +conditions,--[See a corollary in M. Froude who visited the U.S. for a few +months and then published a comprehensive analysis of the nation and its +people. Twain's rebuttal (Mr. Froude's Progress) would have been 'a +propos' for Harte in Cambridge. D.W.]--and he had always his temperament +against him, as well as the reluctant if not the niggard nature of his +muse. He would no doubt have been only too glad to do more than he did +for the money, but actually if not literally he could not do more. When +it came to literature, all the gay improvidence of life forsook him, and +he became a stern, rigorous, exacting self-master, who spared himself +nothing to achieve the perfection at which he aimed. He was of the order +of literary men like Goldsmith and De Quincey, and Sterne and Steele, in +his relations with the outer world, but in his relations with the inner +world he was one of the most duteous and exemplary citizens. There was +nothing of his easy-going hilarity in that world; there he was of a +Puritanic severity, and of a conscience that forgave him no pang. Other +California writers have testified to the fidelity with which he did his +work as editor. He made himself not merely the arbiter but the +inspiration of his contributors, and in a region where literature had +hardly yet replaced the wild sage-brush of frontier journalism, he made +the sand-lots of San Francisco to blossom as the rose, and created a +literary periodical of the first class on the borders of civilization. + +It is useless to wonder now what would have been his future if the +publisher of the Overland Monthly had been of imagination or capital +enough to meet the demand which Harte dimly intimated to his Cambridge +host as the condition of his remaining in California. Publishers, men +with sufficient capital, are of a greatly varying gift in the regions of +prophecy, and he of the Overland Monthly was not to be blamed if he could +not foresee his account in paying Harte ten thousand a year to continue +editing the magazine. He did according to his lights, and Harte came to +the East, and then went to England, where his last twenty-five years were +passed in cultivating the wild plant of his Pacific Slope discovery. It +was always the same plant, leaf and flower and fruit, but it perennially +pleased the constant English world, and thence the European world, though +it presently failed of much delighting these fastidious States. Probably +he would have done something else if he could; he did not keep on doing +the wild mining-camp thing because it was the easiest, but because it was +for him the only possible thing. Very likely he might have preferred not +doing anything. + + + + +IV. + +The joyous visit of a week, which has been here so poorly recovered from +the past, came to an end, and the host went with his guest to the station +in as much vehicular magnificence as had marked his going to meet him +there. Harte was no longer the alarming portent of the earlier time, but +an experience of unalloyed delight. You must love a person whose worst +trouble-giving was made somehow a favor by his own unconsciousness of the +trouble, and it was a most flattering triumph to have got him in time, or +only a little late, to so many luncheons and dinners. If only now he +could be got to the train in time the victory would be complete, the +happiness of the visit without a flaw. Success seemed to crown the +fondest hope in this respect. The train had not yet left the station; +there stood the parlor-car which Harte had seats in; and he was followed +aboard for those last words in which people try to linger out pleasures +they have known together. In this case the sweetest of the pleasures had +been sitting up late after those dinners, and talking them over, and then +degenerating from that talk into the mere giggle and making giggle which +Charles Lamb found the best thing in life. It had come to this as the +host and guest sat together for those parting moments, when Harte +suddenly started up in the discovery of having forgotten to get some +cigars. They rushed out of the train together, and after a wild descent +upon the cigar-counter of the restaurant, Harte rushed back to his car. +But by this time the train was already moving with that deceitful +slowness of the departing train, and Harte had to clamber up the steps of +the rearmost platform. His host clambered after, to make sure that he +was aboard, which done, he dropped to the ground, while Harte drew out of +the station, blandly smiling, and waving his hand with a cigar in it, in +picturesque farewell from the platform. + +Then his host realized that he had dropped to the ground barely in time +to escape being crushed against the side of the archway that sharply +descended beside the steps of the train, and he went and sat down in that +handsomest hack, and was for a moment deathly sick at the danger that had +not realized itself to him in season. To be sure, he was able, long +after, to adapt the incident to the exigencies of fiction, and to have a +character, not otherwise to be conveniently disposed of, actually crushed +to death between a moving train and such an archway. + +Besides, he had then and always afterward, the immense super-compensation +of the memories of that visit from one of the most charming personalities +in the world, + + "In life's morning march when his bosom was young," + +and when infinitely less would have sated him. Now death has come to +join its vague conjectures to the broken expectations of life, and that +blithe spirit is elsewhere. But nothing can take from him who remains +the witchery of that most winning presence. Still it looks smiling from +the platform of the car, and casts a farewell of mock heartbreak from it. +Still a gay laugh comes across the abysm of the years that are now +numbered, and out of somewhere the hearer's sense is rapt with the mellow +cordial of a voice that was like no other. + +[This last paragraph reminds one again that, as with Holmes: a great poet +writes the best prose. D.W.] + + + + +ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS: + + Always sumptuously providing out of his destitution + Could only by chance be caught in earnest about anything + Couldn't fire your revolver without bringing down a two volumer + Death's vague conjectures to the broken expectations of life + Dollars were of so much farther flight than now + Enjoying whatever was amusing in the disadvantage to himself + Express the appreciation of another's fit word + Gay laugh comes across the abysm of the years + Giggle which Charles Lamb found the best thing in life + His enemies suffered from it almost as much as his friends + His plays were too bad for the stage, or else too good for it + Insatiable English fancy for the wild America no longer there + Long breath was not his; he could not write a novel + Mellow cordial of a voice that was like no other + Not much of a talker, and almost nothing of a story-teller + Now death has come to join its vague conjectures + Offers mortifyingly mean, and others insultingly vague + Only one concerned who was quite unconcerned + So refined, after the gigantic coarseness of California + Wrote them first and last in the spirit of Dickens + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Belated Guest, by William Dean Howells + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BELATED GUEST *** + +***** This file should be named 3391.txt or 3391.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/9/3391/ + +Produced by David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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