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diff --git a/33904.txt b/33904.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d37f9dc --- /dev/null +++ b/33904.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1422 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A briefe discription of New England and the +severall townes therein, by Samuel Maverick + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A briefe discription of New England and the severall townes therein + together with the present government thereof + +Author: Samuel Maverick + +Release Date: October 25, 2010 [EBook #33904] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BRIEFE DISCRIPTION OF NEW *** + + + + +Produced by Therese Wright and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + + + +---------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | The original text contains many instances of | + | variation in spelling and hyphenation, these | + | have been preserved as they appear. Inconsistent | + | punctuation has also been preserved, although | + | missing punctuation have been added without | + | comment. | + | | + | In the description of Greenwich, the author has | + | omitted the number of miles from Stamford to | + | Greenwich. The omitted number is in this e-text | + | represented by curly brackets like this: { }. | + | | + | Characters with diacritical marks are represented | + | in this e-text as follows: | + | | + | Characters with a superior macron are preceded | + | by an equal sign and enclosed in square | + | brackets, eg., [=m]. | + | | + | Characters with a superior tilde are preceded | + | by a tilde sign and enclosed in square | + | brackets, eg., [~m]. | + | | + | Superscripted characters are preceded by a carat | + | and enclosed in curly brackets, eg., Cap^{t}. | + +---------------------------------------------------+ + + + + +MAVERICK'S + +DESCRIPTION OF NEW ENGLAND. + + + + +A BRIEFE + +DISCRIPTION OF NEW ENGLAND + + AND THE + +SEVERALL TOWNES THEREIN + + TOGETHER WITH + +THE PRESENT GOVERNMENT THEREOF. + + +[From a Manuscript written in 1660 by Samuel Maverick, and recently +discovered in the British Museum by Henry F. Waters, A.B.] + +[1885] + + +BOSTON: + +PRESS OF DAVID CLAPP & SON. + + + + +PREFACE. + +BY JOHN WARD DEAN. + + +The Committee on English Research of the New England Historic +Genealogical Society called attention in their last annual report to the +fact that there were in England many important documents relating to the +American colonies, as well as manuscript maps hitherto unknown to +historical investigators. They urged upon the society the desirability +of having exact copies of them made now while we have in Mr. Henry +Fitz-Gilbert Waters an experienced American antiquary resident in +London. This statement has been most strikingly verified by the recent +discovery by Mr. Waters of the Winthrop map--one of the most valuable +contributions yet made to our early colonial history--notices of which +appeared in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society for +June, 1884, and in the REGISTER for July, 1884 (xxxviii. 342). + +The manuscript "Description of New England," which is here printed, is a +still more important discovery. Though it bears neither name nor date, +there is internal evidence that it was written in the year 1660, after +the return of Charles II., by Samuel Maverick, afterwards one of the +king's commissioners. Maverick, when Winthrop and his company arrived, +was settled at Noddle's Island, now East Boston, and was known to have +been here some years before. The date of his arrival in New England has +hitherto been unknown. This manuscript gives it as 1624. Maverick was +then about twenty-two years old. + +An account of New England by one of the first white men who ever settled +on the shores of Massachusetts Bay, one of the "old planters" whom Gov. +Winthrop found here, is certainly of extraordinary interest to all +students of our colonial history. Its fortunate discovery emphasizes in +the strongest manner the great importance of the work which Mr. Waters +is doing for us in England. + +This paper clears up many obscurities in our early New England history, +and gives us definite information which we have long desired to obtain. +It was probably presented to Sir Edward Hyde, afterwards Earl of +Clarendon, who was then Charles the Second's Lord High Chancellor. It +may be the paper referred to by Maverick in his letter to the earl, +printed in the Collections of the New York Historical Society for 1869, +page 19. That letter and others in the same volume should be read in +connection with the present paper. They show the persistency displayed +by Maverick in his efforts to deprive New England, and particularly +Massachusetts, of the right of self-government which had so long been +enjoyed here. The same spirit is shown in his letters printed in the +third volume of the New York Colonial Documents. The death of Maverick, +which occurred between October 15, 1669, and May 15, 1676, did not bring +repose to the people of Massachusetts. In the latter year a new +assailant of their charter appeared in the person of Edward Randolph +(see REGISTER, xxxvi. 155), whose assaults on their liberties did not +cease till the charter was wrested from them, and the government under +it came to an end May 20, 1686. + +The document here printed is in the British Museum, Egerton MSS. 2395, +ff. 397-411. The volume containing it was in private hands till 1875, +when on the sixteenth of February in that year it was sold at auction by +Messrs. Sotheby & Co., London, and bought by the Trustees of the British +Museum. + +The long residence of Mr. Maverick, the writer of this "Description of +New England," on these shores, and the opportunities which he is known +to have had to learn personally the facts here stated, give it greater +weight than it would have had were it merely the observations of a +transient visitor to the New World. + +This document was read before the Massachusetts Historical Society by +John T. Hassam, A.M., in October, 1884, and is printed in its +Proceedings, vol. xxi. p. 231. It was also printed in the New-England +Historical and Genealogical Register for January, 1885, and the type set +for that periodical have been used to print the present issue. + + _Boston, Massachusetts, January 1, 1885._ + + + + +A BRIEFE DISCRIPTION OF NEW ENGLAND AND THE SEVERALL TOWNES THEREIN, + +TOGETHER WITH THE PRESENT GOVERNMENT THEREOF. + + +_Pe[~m]aquid._--Westward from Penobscott (which is the Southermost Fort +in Nova Scotia) fourteen Leagues of is Pe[~m]aquid in which River +Alderman Alworth of Bristole, setled a Company of People in the yeare +1625, which Plantation hath continued and many Families are now settled +there. There was a Patent granted for it by his Mat^{ies}: Royall +Grandfath^{er} and by vertue of that Patent they hold the Islands of +Monahegan and Damerells Coue, and other small ones adjacent Commodious +for fishing. + +_Sagadahocke._--Three leagues distant from Damerells Coue is Sagadahocke +at the mouth of Kenebeth River, on which place the Lord Pohams people +setled about fiftie yeares since, but soon after deserted it, and +returned for England; I found Rootes and Garden hearbs and some old +walles there, when I went first over which shewed it to be the place +where they had been. This is a great and spreading River and runes very +neer into Canada. One Captaine Young and 3 men with him in the Yeare +1636 went up the River upon discovery and only by Carying their Canoes +some few times, and not farr by Land came into Canada River very neare +Kebeck Fort where by the French, Cap^{t} Young was taken, and carried +for ffrance but his Company returned safe and about 10 yeares since a +Gentleman and a Fryer came down this way from Kebeck to us in New +England to desire aide from us ag^{st} the Mowake Indians who were and +still are their deadly enemies; This River by reason of its nearnesse +to Canada and some other branches of it tending towards Hudsons River; +and a Lake of Canada afford more Beaver skins and other peltry then any +other about us: On this River & on the Islands lying on the mouth of it +are many families Scatteringly setled. Some attend wholly the trade with +the Indians, others planting and raiseing a stock of Cattle and Some at +the mouth of the River keep fishing. There was a patent granted to +Christo: Batchelo^{r} and Company in the year 1632 or thereabouts for +the mouth of the River and some tract of land adjacent, who came over in +the Ship named the Plough, and termed themselves the Plough Companie, +but soon scattered some for Virginia some for England, some to the +Massachusetts never settling on that land. + +_Casco Bay._--Betweene Sagadahocke and Cape Elizabeth lying about 7 +Leagues assunder is Casco Bay; about the yeare 1632 there was a Patent +granted to one Cap^{t}. Christopher Lewett for 6000 acres of land which +he tooke up in this Bay neare Cape Elizabeth and built a good House and +fortified well on an Island lyeing before Casco River this he sold and +his Interrest in the Patent to M^{r} Ceeley M^{r} Jope and Company of +Plimouth, In this Casco Bay are many scattering Families settled. There +was a Patent granted for this Bay some yeares since by the title of the +Province of Ligonia to Collonell Alexander Rigby afterwards a Judge, and +under this Goverment the People lived some yeares, till of late the +Government of the Massachusits hath made bold to stretch its +Jurisdiction to the midle of this Bay, and as lyeing in their way have +taken in a dozen of Goverments more. + +_Richmond Island._--There was long since a Patent granted to M^{r} +Robert Trelawny of Plymouth from Cape Elizabeth to Spurwinke River +including all Richmond Isle, an Excellent ffishing place, His Agents for +matter of Goverment long since submitted to the Province of Mayne, for +which Province a Patent was long since granted to S^{r} Ferdinando +Gorges there are not many people in it, Those that are, are under the +Goverment of the Massachusits. + +_Black Point._--The next place inhabited is Black Point two miles from +Richmond Island; For this a Patent was granted to Captaine Cammock whose +successor M^{r} Henry Joselin lives there now, and severall Families +besides, they were under the Goverment of the Province of Mayne, but now +Commanded by the Massachusits. + +_Saco._--Three miles beyond this is Saco River abounding with ffish as +Basse, Sturgeon and Salmond. The Northside of the River was granted by +Patent to M^{r} Lewis and Capt. Bonithan, and the Southside to on M^{r} +Richard Vines, upon this River are severall Families setled formerly +under the Goverment of the Province of Majne and here was keept some +time the Generall Court for that Province, but now Commanded by the +Massachusits. + +_Wells._--Three miles from Saco River are Cape Porpyes Islands a good +ffishing place, where are Severall Families setled, and 4 miles from +thence is Wells a handsome and well peopled place Lying on both sides of +a River, for which Place a Patent was long since Granted to on M^{r} +John Stratton but now Commanded by the Massachusetts. + +_Bristoll_ now _Yorke_.--About 12 miles further is the River Agomentine, +for which and the lands adjacent a Patent was (nere 30 yeares since) +granted unto S^{r} Ferdinando Gorges, M^{r} Godfrey, Alderman ffoote of +Bristoll myselfe, and some others, On the northside of this River at our +great Cost and Charges wee setled many ffamilies, which was then called +Bristoll, and according to the Patent, the Goverment was conformable to +that of the Corporation of Bristoll, only admitting of Appeales to the +Generall Court for the Province of Mayne which was often keept there, +but some yeares since the Goverment with the rest was Swallowed up by +the Massachusetts. + +_Nichiquiwanick._--About 3 miles from Agomentine is the River Pascataway +which is 6 miles from the mouth. It brancheth itselfe in two Branches, +the South branch of which retaineth the name of Pascataway the other +Nichiquiwanick, on the Northside of this River there are severall +Divisions of Land granted long since by Patents unto diverse persons as +Cap^{t} Mason, Cap^{t} Griffith, M^{r} Gardener and others, on which are +severall persons setled for 12 miles togither. At the Falls of +Nichiquiwanick 3 Excellent Saw-Mills are seatted and there and downward +that side of y^{e} River have been gotten most of the Masts which have +come for England, and amongst the rest that admired Mast which came over +some time last year containing neere 30 Tu[=n]es of Ti[=m]ber (as I have +been informed). + +_Cochequo._--On the Sowth side of that Branch is a Creeke Cochequo, +whereon at the head are 2 Saw Mills, and affoord good Masts, & Mutch +Tarr hath been made on that Creeke side. + +_Dover._--Belowe where the River parteth stands on a Tongue of Land the +Towne of Dover, for which place and the land adjacent some gentlemen of +or about Shrewsbury have a Patent. + +_Oyster Creeke._--On the Northside of the South Arme is Oyster Creeke on +which place are many people setled some Saw Mills and affoords yow Good +Masts, and further up is another Saw Mill on Lamperell Creeke. + +_Exeter._--Above this at the fall of this River Pascatoway is the Towne +of Exceter, where are more Saw Mills, doune the Southside of this River +are Farmes and other Stragling Families. + +_Strawberry Bank. The Great House & Isle of Shooles._--Within 2 Myles of +the Mouth is Strawberry Banke where are many Families, and a Minister & +a Meeting House, and to the meeting Houses of Dower & Exceter, most of +the people resort. This Strawberry Banke is part of 6000 acres granted +by Patent about y^{e} yeare 1620 or 1621, to M^{r} David Thompson, who +with the assistance of M^{r} Nicholas Sherwill, M^{r} Leonard Pomery and +M^{r} Abraham Colmer of Plymouth Merchants, went ower with a +Considerable Company of Servants and built a Strong and Large House, +enclosed it with a large and high Palizado and mounted Gunns, and being +stored extraordinarly with shot and Ammunition was a Terror to the +Indians, who at that time were insulting over the poor weake and +unfurnished Planters of Plymouth. This house and ffort he built on a +Point of Land at the very entrance of Pascatoway River, And haveing +granted by Patent all the Island bordering on this land to the Midle of +the River, he tooke possession of an Island co[=m]only called the great +Island and for the bounds of this land he went up the River to a point +called Bloudy Point, and by the sea side about 4 milles he had also +power of Goverment within his owne bounds, Notwithstanding all this, all +is at this day in the power and at the disposall of the Massachusitts. +Two Leagues of lyes the Isle of Shooles one of the best places for +ffishing in the land, they have built a Church here and maintaine a +Minister. + +_Hampton._--Eight Miles to the Southward of Pascatoway is a small River +called Monoconock, on which River is a large Town called Hampton, The +inhabitants living weell by Corne and Cattle, of which they have great +store, Ther was a Patent granted for this very place to Cap^{t} Mason +neare 40 yeares agoe & this was the first land the Massachusits stretcht +there line over beyond there true bounds: For about 3 miles South of +this place, at there first coming over they sett up a house and named it +the bound House as finding it three miles from Meromack, the North bound +of there Patent, and with this they rested contented for about 10 +yeares. + +_Salisbury New & Old._--Seaven Miles to the Southward of Hampton is +Meromack River, on the mouth of which on the Northside is seatted a +Large Toune called Sallisbury, and 3 miles above it a Village called old +Salisbury, where ther is a Saw Mill or two. The Commodities this Toune +affords are Corne, Cattle, Boards and Piper Staues. + +_Haverell Andover._--Fouer Leagues up this River is Haverell, a pretty +Toune & a few miles higher is the Toune of Andouer both these Tounes +subsist by Husbandry. + +_Newbury._--At the mouth on the southside of Meromack and upwards is +seated the Towne of Newbury, the Houses stand at a good distance each +from other a feild and Garden between each house, and so on both sides +the street for 4 Miles or therabouts betweene Salisbury and this Towne, +the River is broader then the Thames at Deptford, and in the Sumer +abounds with Sturgeon, Salmon and other ffresh water fish. Had we the +art of takeing and saveing the Sturgeon it would prove a very great +advantage, the Country affording Vinager, and all other Materialls to do +it withall. + +In this Towne and old Newbury adjoining are 2 Meeting Houses. + +_Rowley._--Three Miles beyound this Old Newbury is a large and populous +Towne called Rowley about two miles from the Bay of Agowame within land +the Inhabitants are most Yorkshiremen very laborious people and drive a +pretty trade, makeing Cloath and Ruggs of Cotton Wool, and also Sheeps +wooll with which in few yeares the Countrey will abound not only to +supply themselves but also to send abroad. This Towne aboundeth with +Corne, and Cattle, and have a great number of Sheep. + +_Ipswich._--Three Miles beyond Rowley lyeth Ipswich at the head of +Agawame River, as farr up as Vessells cane come. It hath many +Inhabitants, and there farmes lye farr abroad, some of them severall +miles from the Towne. So also they do about other Townes. + +_Wenham._--Six Miles from this Towne lyeth a Towne called Wenham seated +about a great Lake or Pond which abounds with all manner of ffresh +ffish, and such co[=m]odities as other places have it affordeth. + +_Gloucester._--Between these two Townes there runes out into the Sea +that noated head land called Cape Ann fower miles within the outermost +head. There is a Passage cutt through a Marsh between Cape Ann Harbo^{r} +& Manisqwanne Harbour where stands the Towne called Glocester very +co[=m]odious for building of shipping and ffishing. + +_Manchester._--Fower miles Westward from Glocester, lyeth on the Sea +side a small Towne called Manchester, there is a Sawmill and aboundance +of Timber. + +_Mackrell & Basse Cove._--About six miles from this Towne lyeth by the +Sea side a Village Called Mackarell Coue, and a mile or 2 aboue on a +Branch of Salem River lyeth another Village called Basse Coue, These two +have Joyned and built a Church, which stands between them both ower +ag^{st} Salem. + +_Salem._--On the South side of Salem River stands on a peninsula the +Towne of Salem, setled some yeares by a few people befor the Patent of +the Massachusits was granted. It is very commodious for fishing, and +many Vessells have been built there and (excep^{t} Boston) it hath as +much Trade as any place in New England both inland and abroad. + +_Marblehead or Foy._--Two miles below this Towne on the Southside of the +Harbo^{r} by the sea side lyeth Marblehead or ffoy the greatest Towne +for ffishing in New England. + +_Lynne._--Five miles Westward lyeth the Towne of Lynne along by the sea +side, and two miles aboue it within the bounds of it are the greatest +Iron works erected for the most part at the charge of some Merchants, +and Gentlmen here resideing and cost them about 14000L, who were as it +is conceived about six yeares since Injuriously outted of them to the +great prejudice of the Country and Owners. + +_Reading._--Three miles above the Iron Worke in the Country is a pretty +Towne, called Reading, which as all inland Townes doe live by Husbandry. +The people have imployment also at the Iron work in digging of myne, and +cutting of wood. + +_Rumney Marsh._--Two miles from the Ironwork by the Seaside is a large +Marsh called Rummney Marsh and between that and Winnisime being about 2 +miles. There are many good farmes belonging to Bostone, which have a +Metting House, as it were a Chapel of Ease. + +_Winnisime._--Two miles Sowth from Rumney Marsh on the North side of +Mistick River is Winnisime which though but a few houses on it, yet +deserves to be men[~c]ond One house yet standing there which is the +Antientest house in the Massachusetts Goverment, a house which in the +yeare 1625 I fortified with a Pillizado and fflankers and gunnes both +belowe and above in them which awed the Indians who at that time had a +mind to Cutt off the English, They once faced it but receiveing a +repulse never attempted it more although (as now they confesse) they +repented it when about 2 yeares after they saw so many English come +over. + +_Mauldon._--Two miles above Winnisime Westward stands a small Country +Towne called Mauldon, who imploy themselves much in ffurnishing the +Towne of Boston and Charles Towne with wood, Timber and other Materials +to build withall. + +_Wooburne._--Fower or five miles above Mouldon West is a more +considerable Towne called Wooburne, they live by ffurnishing the Sea +Townes with Provisions as Corne and Flesh, and also they ffurnish the +Merchants with such goods to be exported. + +_Charles Towne._--One mile from Winnisime crossing Mistick River is the +Towne of Charles Towne standing on the Northside of the Mouth of Charles +River, It Challengeth the second place of Antiquitie in the +Massachusetts Government. It hath some considerable Merchants in it and +many usefull handicraftsmen and many good farmers belonging to it. + +_Cambridge._--Three miles aboue this stands on the same River the Towne +of Cambridge in which there is a Colledge a Master and some Number of +Students belonging to it; out of which there have come many into +England, The Towne hath many great ffarmes belonging to it. + +_Water Towne._--Joyning to this is Watter Towne, a great Towne reaching +by y^{e} River Side two miles, and hath belonging to it very many and +great ffarmes, about the uper end of this Towne are the ffalls of +Charles River. + +_Concord._--Above Twelve miles above Watter Towne is an In-land Towne +called Concord It lyeth on the River Meromack I conceive about 20 miles +above the first ffalls but good passing on it there in small Boats from +place to place. They subsist in Husbandry and breeding of Catle. + +_Sudbury._--About 4 or 5 Miles more Southerly on the same River is a +Towne called Sudbury a very pleasant place, the River runing to & againe +in it, In which I have seen Excellent ffishing both with hooks & Lynes +and Netts, They plant and breed Catle, and gett something by Tradeing +w^{t} the Indians. + +_Nashoway._--About ten or twelfe miles aboue these Two Townes is a +Countrey Towne called Nashoway first begun for Love of the Indians +Trade, but since the ffertility of y^{e} Soyle and pleasantness of the +River hath invited many more. There is Excellent Salmon and Trout. + + +Now we must returne to the mouth of Charles River againe or rather the +entrance of the Bay of Massachusits, It hath three entrances, two of +them difficult and dangerous without a good wind and Pylot. The +Southermost called Nasascot in the usuall Channell; w^{in} this Bay are +12 or 13 pretty Islands between some of which yow must saile about 2 +leagues before yow come up to Boston Rode yow must passe within halfe a +Cable lenth of Castle Island, on which is a ffort above and a strong +Battery below, closs by Highwater marke, on this Island I conceive there +be thirtie good Gunns. + +_Boston._--Two miles aboue this Island is the Towne of Boston, the +Metrapolis of New England lying pleasantly on a plaine and the ascending +of a High Mount which lyes about the midle of y^{e} plaine, The wholl +Towne is an Island except two Hundred paces of land at one place on the +Southside it is large and very populous. It hath two handsome Churches +in it, a handsome market place, and in the midest of it a Statehouse. In +the Towne are fouer full companys of ffoote and a Troope of horse On the +Southeast side of the Towne on a little Hill there is a Fort, and under +it a Batterie both having a dozen of Gunns or more in them, and on the +Northeast side of the Towne there is a Battery of 6 Gunns commanding the +Rode and the entrance of Charles River, and on the tope of the Hill +aboue the Towne and in the strats are severall good Gunns, The Towne is +full of good shopps well furnished with all kind of Merchandize and many +Artificers, and Trad's men of all sorts. In this Towne are kept the +Courts of Election y^{e} Generall quarter Court besids the Country +Courts. + +_Roxberry._--About two miles to the Southward of Boston is the Towne of +Roxberry. The sea which surrounds Boston comes on both sides of it. It +is well seatted, for the Body of the Towne lyeth on both sides a small +Rivolet of water. There are many considerable ffarmes belonging to it, +and by Farmeing is there most subsistance. + +_Dorchester._--Two miles near east from this Towne lyeth Dorchester, +which claimes the third dignity as being y^{e} third Towne setled by the +English in the year 1630. They are a very industrious people, and have +large bounds on w^{ch} are many gallant Farmes, by these bounds runes +the Massachusets River. + +_Dedham._--And on Charles River stands the Towne of Dedham about 8 Miles +either from Boston or Roxberry, a very pleasant place and the River +affoords plenty of good ffish In this Towne leiveth many Bisquett makers +and Butchers and have Vent enough for their Commodities in Boston. + +_Medfeild._--Five or six Miles from Dedham is a small in-land Towne +called Medifield handsomly seatted for Farming and breeding of Cattle. + +_Braintree._--Three or fouer miles Southward is a Towne once called +Mount Wolaston, now Braintree. There was a Patent granted for a +considerable tract of land in this place in the yeare 1632 or +thereabouts to Cap^{t} Wollaston and M^{r} Thomas Morton. Wollaston +returned for England and Morton was banished, his house fired before his +face, and he sent prissoner to England but for what offence I know not +who some yeares after (nothing being laid to his Charge) returned for +New England, where he was soon after apprehended and keept in the +Co[=m]on Goale a whole winter, nothing laid to his Charge but the +writeing of a Booke entituled New Canaan, which indeed was the truest +discription of New England as then it was that euer I saw. The offence +was he had touched them too neare they not proveing the charge he was +sett loose, but soone after dyed, haveing as he said and most believed +received his bane by hard lodging and fare in prison. This was done by +y^{e} Massachusetts Magistrats and the land by them disposed of. It +subsists by raiseing provisions, and furnishing Boston with wood. + +_Weymouth._--Two or three miles from hence Sowthward is y^{e} Towne of +Weymouth, wherein are some quantity of Inhabitants, & leive as their +neibo^{rs} who have commerce with Boston. + +_Higham._--Three Miles from hence Easterly on the South shoare of +Massachusits Bay is the Towne of Higham a handsome Towne supplying +Boston also with wood, timber, leather and board, Some Masts are had +there and store of provisions. + +_Hull._--Three Miles further tending more to the East, at the very +entrance into the Massachusetts Bay is the Towne of Hull, the +Inhabitants of which leives well being by Water not above 7 Miles from +Boston tho neare 20 by land. + +Three miles South from this place is the utmost south bounds of the +Massachusits Goverment and Territories, beyond which they have not gone +although they have gone soe farr beyond them to the Northward. + + + Before I enter into Plymouth bounds I must say something + of this Goverment which hath ouertopped all the rest. + +About the yeare 1626 or 1627 there was a Patent granted by his +Maty^{es}: Royall Father of ever blessed Memory to certaine Gentlemen +and Merchants, for the Tract of land befor men[~c]ond, and power given +them by the same to incorporate themselfes into a body pollitick the +Governor and all other officers to be Annually chosen by the Majo^{r} +part of the inhabitants, ffreholders, As soon as the grant was +confirmed, they chose here on M^{r} Mathew Craddock Governo^{r} and one +Goffe deputy; They forthwith sent over one M^{r} Endicott, Governor[A] +as deputy to rule over us the Inhabitants which had leived there long +befor their Patent was granted, and some had Patents preceeding theirs, +had he had pouer according to his will he had ruled us to y^{e} purpose; +But within two yeares after they sent ower one M^{r} John Winthrope +Governor and with him a Company of Assistants all Chosen here in +England without the Knowledge or Consent of them that then leived there +or of those which came with them. + + [A] This word "Governor" was interlined over the word "as," and + unfortunately no caret mark made to show its intended place. + +This Governo^{r} and his Councill, not long after their Aryvall made a +law that no man should be admitted a Freeman, and soe Consequently have +any voyce in Election of Officers Civill or Military, but such as were +first entered into Church covenant and brought Certificate of it, let +there Estates, and accordingly there portion of land be never soe great, +and there taxes towards publick Charges. Nor could any competency of +Knowledge or inoffensivenesse of liveing or conversation usher a man +into there Church ffellowship, unless he would also acknowledge the +discipline of the Church of England to be erroneous and to renounce it, +which very many never condescended unto, so that on this account the far +great Number of his Majesties loyall subjects there never injoyed those +priviledges intended by his Royall ffather in his Grant, And upon this +very accompt also, if not being Joyned in Church ffelowship many +Thowzands have been debarred the Sacrament of the Lords Supper although +of Competent knowledg, and of honest life and Godly Conversation, and a +very great Number are unbaptized. I know some neer 30 years old, 7 +persons of Quality about 12 years since for petitioning for themselves & +Neighbo^{rs} that they might have votes in Elections as ffreeholders or +be ffreed from publick Charge, and be admitted to the Sacrament of the +Lords Supper and theire Children to Baptisme as Members of the Church of +England, and have liberty to have Ministers among themselves learned +pious and Orthodox, no way dissonant from ye best Reformation in +England, and desireing alsoe to have a body of Lawes to be Established +and published to prevent Arbitrary Tiranny, For thus desireing these +three reasonable requests besids imprissonement and other indignitys, +they were fined 1000^{lb}, a Notw^{t}standing they Appealled to England, +they were forced to pay the same, and now also at great Charges to send +one home to prosecute their appeall which proved to no Effect, That +dismall Change falling out, Just at that time And they sending home +hither one Edward Winslow a Smooth toungued Cunning fellow, who soon +gott himselfe into Favo^{r} of those then in Supreame power, against +whom it was in vaine to strive, and soe they remained sufferers to this +day. + +By what I have said it appears how the Major part of the Inhabitants are +debarred of those Priviledges they ought to enjoy and were intended +fo^{r} them, How they Esteem of the Church of England. How farr they +owne his Matie as haveing any power over them, or their Subjection to +him; This I know that not long after they arrived they defaced the +Collou^{rs} which they brought over with them, being the English Redd +Cross terming it a badge of the Whore of Babelon. + +And not long after haveing received a Report that his Mat^{ie} intended +to send a Generall Governo^{r} over, and being informed by a Shallop +that they had seen a great shipe and a smaller one goe into Cape Ann +Harbo^{r} about 8 Leagues from Boston. There was an Alarme presently +given and early in the Morning being Sabbath day all the Traine Bands in +Boston, and Townes adjacent were in Armes in the streets and posts were +sent to all other places to be in the same posture, in which they +continued untill by theire scouts they found her to be a small shipe of +Plymouth and a shallope that piloted her in, The generall and Publick +report was that it was to oppose the landing of an Enemie a Governo^{r} +sent from England, and with this they acquanted the Commanders. + +And about the year 1636 one Brooks hearing one Evers to vilifie the +Goverment of England both Civill and Eclesiasticall, and saying that if +a Generall Governo^{r} were sent over he would kill him if he could, and +he knew the Magistrats would bear him out in it, of which Brooks +complaining by way of Information, the matter was handled that Evers had +nothing said to him, and Brookes forced to escape privatly for England. + +They also in the yeare 1646 & 1647 suffered a ship the Mary of Bristoll +then standing out for the Kings Majestie to be taken by one Stagg +haveing a Commission from the Parliament, and conveyed away although +they had promised them a protection. They also Ordered the takeing downe +of the Kings Armes and setting up the States, & the like by the Signe of +the Kings head hanging before the doore of an Inne. And when that +unhappy warr was between King and Parlia^{t} they compelled every +Commander of a Vessell that went out from thence to enter into Bond not +to have any Commerce with any place then holding out for the King, and +in opposition to the then pretended power in England, Nor was there ever +any Oath of Alleageance offered to any, but instead thereof they have +framed two Oathes, which they impose on those which are made free. The +other they terme the Oath of ffidelitie, which they force all to take +that are above 16 yeares of age, a Coppy of it is as followeth-- + +I. A. B. by Gods providence being an Inhabitant within the Jurisdiction +of this Comon Wealth doe freely and sincerely acknowledge myselfe to be +subject to the Goverment thereof. I doe hereby swear by the great and +dreadfull name of the ever liveing God, that I will be true and +Faithfull to the same, and will accordingly yeild assistance thereunto +with my person, Estate, as in equity I am bound And will also truly +endeavo^{r} to maintaine and preserve all the Liberties and priviledges +thereof, Submitting myselfe unto the wholesome Lawes made and +established by the same. And further that I will not plot or practize +any evill against it or consent to any that shall soe doe. But will +timely discover and reveall the same to Lawfull Authority now here +established for the speedy preventing thereof. SO HELP ME GOD IN OUR +LORD JESUS CHRIST. + + +By this it may be judged what esteeme they have of the lawes of England, +swearing theire subjects to submite to lawes made only by themselfes, +And indeed to Alleage a Statute Law of England in one of their Courts +would be a ridiculous thing. They likewise long since fell to coyning of +monies, melting downe all the English Coyne they can gett, every +shilling makeing 15^{d} in their monies, And whereas they went over +thither to injoy liberty of Conscience, in how high a measure have they +denyed it to others there wittnesse theire debarring many from the +Sacraments spoken of before meerly because they cannot Joyne with them +in their Church-ffellowship, nor will they permitt any Lawfull Ministers +that are or would come thither to administer them. Wittness also the +Banishing so many to leave their habitations there, and seek places +abroad elswhere, meerly for differing in Judgment from them as the +Hutchinsons and severall families with them, & that Honb^{le} Lady the +Lady Deborah Moody and severalls with her meerly for declareing +themselfes moderate? Anabaptists, Who found more favour and respect +amongst the Dutch, then she did amongst the English, Many others also +upon the same account needless to be named, And how many for not comeing +to theire assemblies have been compelled to pay 5^{s} a peece for every +Sabbath day they misse, besides what they are forced to pay towards the +mantenance of the Ministers, And very cruelly handled by whipping and +imprissonment was M^{r} Clark, Obadiah, Holmes, and others for teaching +and praying in a private house on the Lords day, These and many other +such like proceedings, which would by them have been judged Cruelty had +they been inflicted on them here, have they used towards others there; +And for hanging the three Quakers last yeare I think few approved of it. + +There are or will come unto the Hon^{ble} Councell many Complaints +against them, I shall say no more but come to + + + _The Discription of Plymouth bounds._ + +_Connahassett._--It begins where the Massachusets ends. Three miles to +the Southward of the Massachusets Bay, where (neere by y^{e} sea side) +there stands a Village called Connahasset eight miles further there is a +small River comes out, and a reasonable harbour at the mouth of it. + +_Scytuate._--On both sides is a Towne called Scytuate. + +_Greenes-harbour._--From Scituate by ye sea side is a considerable Town +called Greens Harbour, a Towne well meadowed & good farmes belonging to +it. It is 7 miles from Scytuate. + +_Ducksbury._--Seauen or eight miles from this Towne is Ducksbury which +is also a good plantation and affords much provision, which they sell at +Boston for the most part. + +_New Plymouth._--Three or Fower miles Southward of this is ye Towne of +New Plymouth whence the Goverment took its Denomination. This place was +seated about y^{e} yeare 1620 or 1621 by a company of Brownists, which +went formerly from England to Amsterdam, and not beeing able to live +well there, they drew in one M^{r} Weston, and some other Merchants in +London to Transport them and their Famelies into those Westerne parts; +They intended for Virginia, but fell with Cape Cod ais Mallabar, and +gott into the Harbour of it, and finding it not fitt for Habitation, +sought further and found this place and there settled liveing extream +hardy for some yeares and in great danger of the Indians, and could not +Long have subsisted, had not Plymouth Merchants settled Plantations +about that time at Monhegon and Pascattaway, by whom they were supplyed +and the Indians discouraged from assaulting them. It is a poor small +Towne now, The People being removed into Farmes in the Country. + +_Sandwich._--Eighteene Miles more Southerly from Plymouth is a good +Towne called Sandwich a Towne which affords good store of Provisions, +and some yeares a quantity of Whalebone made of Whales which drive up +dead in that Bay. + +_Barnstable._--Twelve Miles from Sandwich is Barnstable a Towne much +like it and affords the same Co[=m]odities. + +_Yarmouth._--Seaven miles from Barnstable south east is the Towne of +Yarmouth, much like the former, and had in it as the rest have good +farmes about it, and sometimes also good benefite by drift Whales. + +_Billingsgate._--Six miles east of this Towne is Billingsgate which lyes +in y^{e} Southeast nooke of Cape Codd Bay, and from thence to the Sea on +the South side of the s^{d} Cape, it is a very litle way whereas to goe +about is neare 20 Leagues which in tim will make it more convenient for +Trade. + + +Almost South some what Westerly from Billingsgate is Natuckett Island on +which many Indians live and about ten leagues west from it is Martines +Vinyard, whereon many Indians live, and also English. In this Island by +Gods blissing on the Labour, care and paines of the two Mayhews, father +and sonn, the Indians are more civilized then anywhere else which is a +step to Christianity, and many of them have attained to a greate measure +of knowledge, and is hoped in a short time some of them may with joy & +Comfort be received into the Bossome of the Church, The younger of those +Mayhews was drowned comeing for England three yeares since, and the +Father goes on with the worke, Although (as I understand) they have had +a small share of those vast su[=m]es given for this use and purpose of +y^{e} Revenues of it. It were good to enquire how it hath been disposed +of. I know in some measure or at least suspect the bussines hath not +been rightly carryed. + +_Rhode Island._--From this Island to Rhode Island is about Seaven +Leagues west, This Island is about ffouerteen miles Long, in some places +3 or 4 miles Broad, in other lesse. It is full of people haveing been a +receptacle for people of severall Sorts and Opinions. + +_Warwick Providence._--There was a Patent granted to one Coddington for +the Goverment of this Island, and Warwick and Providence two Townes +which lye on the maine, And I think they still keepe a seeming forme of +Goverment but to litle purpose, none submitting to Supream Authority but +as they please. + +_Rehobah._--Some three miles above Providence on the same River, is a +Towne called Rehobah, and is under the Goverment of New Plymouth, a +Towne not dispicable. It is not aboue 40 Miles from Boston, betweene +which there is a Comone trade, carrying & recarrying goods by land in +Cart and on Horseback, and they have a very fayre conveyance of goods by +water also. + +_Taunton._--About ten miles from this eastward is Taunton lying on +another River within Rhode Island about 20 Miles up, It is a pleasant +place, seated amongst the Windings and turnings of a handsome River, and +hath good conveyance to Boston by Cart not being above 30 Miles +assunder, here is a pretty small Iron-worke, & is under New Plymouth +Government. + +_Pequate._--Haveing gone through New Plymouth Goverment we come next to +Connecticot Goverment. The first that was under this Goverment was +Pequate, betweene w^{ch} and Rhods Island it is above 18 leagues, + +In the faire Narragansitt Bay, and diverse fine Islands. + +_Fishers Island._--Before the Pequate River lyes Fishers Island, on +which some people live, and there are store of Catle. This Pequat +Plantation will in time produce Iron, And in the country about this is a +Myne of Black Lead, and supposed there will be found better if not +already by y^{e} industry of that ingenious Gentleman M^{r} John +Winthrop. It hath a very good Harbour, farr Surpassing all there about +Connecticot River mouth to Pequate it is about eight Leagues. + +_Saybrooke._--On the South-west side of the entrance of this River +stands Saybrooke and Saybrooke Fort, a handsome place and some Gunns in +the Fort. + +_Metaboseck._--Fifteene Leagues up the River on the same side is the +Plantation of Metaboseck, a very good place for Corne and Catle. + +_Witherfeild._--From Metaboseck to Withersfeild a large & Populous +Towne, it is about 9 miles. + +_Hartford._--From Withersfield to Hartford the Metropolis of the +Goverment, it is about 3 Miles, it is a gallant Towne, and many rich men +in it. + +_Windsor._--From Hartford to Windsor 9 Miles, this was the first Towne +on this River, settled first by people issueing from Dorchester in the +Massachusetts Bay about the year 1636. + +_Springfeild._--From Windsor to Springfield about 12 miles, and the +first falles on Connecticot River are betweene these two Townes, This is +the Massachusetts bounds. + +And above Springfeild 8 Miles is another Towne at first Intended but for +a tradeing house with the Indians, but the gallant Land about it hath +invited men to make it a Toune. This Connecticott River is a great River +before y^{e} Towne bigger then the Thames above bridge, This Towne is +also in the Massachusetts bounds and under its Goverment although 8 +Miles from it. + +_Guilford._--Now we must returne to the Mouth of the River and so along +by the sea side; and first from Saybrooke to Guilford 12 Miles. + +_Tocott._--From Guilford to Tocott 9 Miles. These two Townes are under +Newhaven Goverment. + +_Newhaven._--From Tocott to Newhaven it is 7 Miles. This Towne is the +Metropolis of that Goverment, and the Goverment tooke its Name from this +Towne; which was the first built in those parts, many stately and costly +houses were erected the Streete layd out in a Gallant forme, a very +stately Church; but y^{e} Harbour proveing not Comodious, the land very +barren, the Merchants either dead or come away, the rest gotten to their +Farmes, The Towne is not so glorious as once it was. + +_Milford._--From Newhaven to Milford it is about 10 Miles, This Towne is +gotten into some way of Tradeing to Newfoundland, Barbados, Virginia, So +also hath some other Townes in this Goverment. + + + Now in Course comes in againe some + Townes in Connecticott Goverment + +_Stratford._--From Milford to Stratford about 4 Miles. + +_Fairfeild._--From Stratford to Fairfeild about 8 Miles. + +_Norwock._--From ffairfeild to Norwock about 14 Miles and this Towne +with those last named are in Connecticott Goverment. I suppose this +skipped over Newhaven, being they came from those Townes in Connecticott +River. + +_Stamford._--From Norwock to Stamford 8 Miles. + +_Greenwich._--From Stamford to Greenwich { } miles, these two last +Townes are under Newhaven Goverment, and there was another place begunn +and much done in it, but the Dutch came and tooke it by force, and since +the people of this Towne call it New Chester, + + +There are some Townes on Long Island which have come some under the +Goverment of Connecticot, and some of Newhaven; We are now come about 25 +Miles within the Dutch plantation, which before I speake of I shall runn +over ye plantations on Long Island, and shew under what Goverment they +are begining at the west end. The Island conteanes in Lenth about 150 +Miles, and lyes not farr from the Mayne, especialy at the west end where +it is very narrow, The plantationes are all on the inside, the Sea board +syde being a dangerous Coast and no Harbour at all on that syde. + +Within a few Miles of the West end over against Manhata, which is the +Dutch's Chiefe Towne is seated Gravesend, most English, the Lady Moody +being the first Setler, Some Dutch there are, and all under the Dutch +Goverment. + + Then Mispach kell } + Then Midleburgh ais New Towne } These Townes are + Then Vlishing } under y^{e} Dutch + Then Hempsteed } Government + Then another Towne by the Dutch name } + +Then follow to the Northward + + First Oyster Bay under Newhaven Goverment + Huntington not submitting to any Goverment } These Townes + Then Sotocot Likewayes Submitting to none } belong to + Nex^{t} Southampton under Newhaven Goverment } y^{e} English. + Nex^{t} South-hole also under Newhaven } + +Then crossing a Bay but 12 Miles (but to round it, it is much more) is +Northampton. This Towne is under Connecticott Goverment. And then +Easthampton under no Goverment. + +I suppose these two Goverments of Connecticott, and Newhaven, are only +by Combination, I never heard of any Patent they have, and they are also +in Confederacie with the Massachusetts, and New Plymouth, each of these +4 Goverments annually choosen two Comissioners to meet and Consult as +occasion may serve; their power lasting for one yeare. These meettings +prove chargeable, and as it is conceived of many of no great use. + +Tis well knowen the Dutch plantation had been taken by those two +Southerne Collonies helpe, and the English on Long Island when Majo^{r} +Sedgwick was sent to take it who putting back for Fyall news came by one +of his Fleet that his designe was for that place; These afforsaid +Co[=m]issioners mett at Boston, where some weeks were spent in Contest +betweene the Commissioners of the two Southerne and Northern Collonies. +Those of the South Colonies were for proceeding with expedition on the +designe, The Co[=m]issioners of the North were dayly crying out for +Orders or leave to goe on. But those of Plymouth being Mungrell Dutch, +and some of the Grandees amongst them haveing a sweet trade with the +Dutch or debts oweing to them, from them; And those of the Massachusetts +haveing some other by-reason for it so long held out the dispute till it +was to late the peace being concluded. + +There lye between this Long Island and the Mayne severall Islands, the +most Considerable is Shelter-Island, about 8 miles in lenth and three in +breadth, This belongs to Collonell Thomas Midleton and M^{r} Silvester, +on which they have some people & store of Catle. + +Another considerable Island lyes by it of about 6 Miles in Lenth, and +three in Breadth. + +Now before I come to speak of Hudsons River, I shall most humbly desire +the Hon^{ble} Councill to take it in consideration the great benefits +and profitts, which may redound to the English by these Westerne +Colonies if well managed. Of their present condition I have given a +breife accompt in my foregoing Relation, being my observations which for +severall years I have spent in America, even from the year 1624 till +within these two yeares last past: + +For Newfoundland, it is well known what a great Number of Shipps and +Seamen have been there imployed annually I dare averr it hath bredd more +Seamen then any Trade the English ever medled withall & what profitts +the Owners and Merchants have gott by that Trade is unvaluable, And if a +course were taken we might now have salt from the English Collonies in +the West Indies, and provision from New England to carry on a greatt +part of the designe, and on better termes then out of Europe. + +On all the Coasts of Canada from Cape Britton to Cape Sable is Excellent +fishing and full of good Harbours. + +On the Coast within Cape Sable, as in Nova Scotia, Port Royall, and +those other fforts now in possession of Collonel Temple is mutch Beaver +& other Peltry gotten, and more might be if fully Stocked. + +And for the Southern part of New-England, It is incredible what hath +been done there. + +In the yeare 1626 or thereabouts there was not a Neat Beast Horse or +sheepe in the Countrey and a very few Goats or hoggs, and now it is a +wonder to see the great herds of Catle belonging to every Towne I have +mentioned, The braue Flocks of sheepe, The great number of Horses +besides those many sent to Barbados and the other Carribe Islands, And +withall to consider how many thousand Neate Beasts and Hoggs are yearly +killed, and soe have been for many yeares past for Provision in the +Countrey and sent abroad to supply Newfoundland, Barbados, Jamaica, @ +other places, As also to victuall in whole or in part most shipes which +comes there. + +Betweene the years 1626 and 1633, Indian Corne was usually sold at +10^{s} or 12^{s} the Bushell, now not esteemed worth 2^{s}, Beefe and +Porke then Brought from England and Irland sold at excessive rates. + +At that time all the Houses there, except three or fower at New +Plymouth, and those which I had could not be valued worth 200^{lb}, and +now to behold the handsome Houses & Churches in so many Townes as I have +named is a wonder, And the place in which Boston (the Metropolis) is +seated, I knew then for some yeares to be a Swamp and Pound, now a great +Towne, two Churches, a Gallant Statehouse & more to make it compleate, +then can be expected in a place so late a wilderness. + +And wheras about the time before mentioned wee could not make in all +three Hundred men in the whole Countrey, those scattered a hundred and +ffiftie Miles assunder, Now almost every Towne which I have named is +able to bring into the feild a full Company of Foote and some Horse, +some Townes two or three Companyes compleate with Horse proportionable +and Boston more. + +And the great abundance of English Fruite, as Apples, Pears, Apricocks, +Plumbs, Cherries Musk-Mellons, Water-Mellons &c. is not to be beleeved +but by those that have seene it. + +And about those times also there were not within the now Great +Government of the Massachusetts above three Shallops and a few Cannoes, +Now it is wonderfull to see the many Vessels belonging to the Country of +all sorts and seizes, from Shipps of some reasonable burthen to Skiffes +and Cannoes, many other great Shipps of Burthen from 350 Tunns to 150 +have been built there, and many more in time may be, And I am confident +there hath not in any place out of so small a number of People been +raised so many able Seamen and Commanders as there hath been. + +Now we returne to Hudsons River, in the mouth of which lyeth y^{e} +Island Mahatas, on which stands now Amsterdam in the Latitude of 41 +degrees and about 41 Leagues up the River is their Fort Oranja in the +Latitude of 42 & 1/2 or thereabouts. + +I have alwayes understood that the first Setlement of the Dutch there +was about the yeare 1618, @ were then a very considerable Number, and +long after. And this was as I conceive some yeares after King James had +granted all the lands and Islands betweene the Latitude of 40 degrees to +48 North Latitude, unto a Company established at Plymouth in Devon then +nameing it New-England, so that Mahatas lyes a full degree within y^{e} +bounds of New England; and Fort Oranja their prin^{l} place both for +Trade with the Indians @ for Husbandry it lyeth two full degrees and an +halfe within the bounds of New England. + +And about the year 1629 or 1630 Theire Title to it being in question a +rich ship comeing from thence was seized on at Plymouth, as some now +here can testify, which shipp and goods (as they say) was delivered up +on the Dutch relinquishment of any Title they had or might have to the +said Hudsones River And this seemes to be true, for in or about the year +1632 or 1634, a shipp set out from hence by M^{r} Clobery & Dellabar and +others for New England, with passengers & goods & had also a Commission +from his Mat^{ies}: Royall Father to saile unto Mahatas @ as farr up +into the River towards Fort Oranja as they could goe, and there trade +with the Natives; which they did without any opposition, as the Masters +yet liveing can testifie. + +From the uttermost part of Hudsons River to the North Cape of Delaware +Bay, is somewhat above 20 leagues, and from this Cape to the entrance of +the River is about 12 Leagues. + +Here the Sweedes some yeares since built a Fort and five Leauges above +that a Sconce, and three Leagues above that another Fort, and 2 Leagues +above that another. + +And hereabout the River trends away so much easterly that betweene that +@ Hudsons River it is not above 30 Miles. In this River hath been seated +some English Familes, but outed by the Dutch or Swedes. + +For this place there was some yeares since a Patent granted to S^{r} +Edmund Ploydon, but by whom I know not, nor what is become of him or his +Patent. + +The entrance of this River is in 40 degrees. And now I am come to the +utmost Southwest bounds of New England which is a Country wherein the +Rivers and Pounds affords variety of Fish and Beaver in Great abundance, +The earth brings forth plentifully all sorts of Graynes, also Hemp @ +fflax, The Woods affords store of good Timber for building of shipps +Masts, Also Pitch and Tarre, The bowels of the earth yeilds excellent +Iron Oare, and no doubt other Metalls if searched after. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A briefe discription of New England +and the severall townes therein, by Samuel Maverick + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BRIEFE DISCRIPTION OF NEW *** + +***** This file should be named 33904.txt or 33904.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/9/0/33904/ + +Produced by Therese Wright and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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