initial commit of ebook 3383HEADmain

1 files changed, 757 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/3383.txt b/3383.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a30779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3383.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Spanish Prisoners of War, by William Dean Howells
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Spanish Prisoners of War
+       From "Literature and Life"
+
+Author: William Dean Howells
+
+Release Date: October 22, 2004 [EBook #3383]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPANISH PRISONERS OF WAR ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+LITERATURE AND LIFE--Spanish Prisoners of War
+
+by William Dean Howells
+
+
+
+SPANISH PRISONERS OF WAR
+
+
+Certain summers ago our cruisers, the St. Louis and the Harvard, arrived
+at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, with sixteen or seventeen hundred Spanish
+prisoners from Santiago de Cuba. They were partly soldiers of the land
+forces picked up by our troops in the fights before the city, but by far
+the greater part were sailors and marines from Cervera's ill-fated fleet.
+I have not much stomach for war, but the poetry of the fact I have stated
+made a very potent appeal to me on my literary side, and I did not hold
+out against it longer than to let the St. Louis get away with Cervera to
+Annapolis, when only her less dignified captives remained with those of
+the Harvard to feed either the vainglory or the pensive curiosity of the
+spectator. Then I went over from our summer colony to Kittery Point, and
+got a boat, and sailed out to have a look at these subordinate enemies in
+the first hours of their imprisonment.
+
+
+
+
+I.
+
+It was an afternoon of the brilliancy known only to an afternoon of the
+American summer, and the water of the swift Piscataqua River glittered in
+the sun with a really incomparable brilliancy. But nothing could light
+up the great monster of a ship, painted the dismal lead-color which our
+White Squadrons put on with the outbreak of the war, and she lay sullen
+in the stream with a look of ponderous repose, to which the activities of
+the coaling-barges at her side, and of the sailors washing her decks,
+seemed quite unrelated. A long gun forward and a long gun aft threatened
+the fleet of launches, tugs, dories, and cat-boats which fluttered about
+her, but the Harvard looked tired and bored, and seemed as if asleep.
+She had, in fact, finished her mission. The captives whom death had
+released had been carried out and sunk in the sea; those who survived to
+a further imprisonment had all been taken to the pretty island a mile
+farther up in the river, where the tide rushes back and forth through the
+Narrows like a torrent. Its defiant rapidity has won it there the
+graphic name of Pull-and-be-Damned; and we could only hope to reach the
+island by a series of skilful tacks, which should humor both the wind and
+the tide, both dead against us. Our boatman, one of those shore New
+Englanders who are born with a knowledge of sailing, was easily master of
+the art of this, but it took time, and gave me more than the leisure I
+wanted for trying to see the shore with the strange eyes of the captives
+who had just looked upon it. It was beautiful, I had to own, even in my
+quality of exile and prisoner. The meadows and the orchards came down to
+the water, or, where the wandering line of the land was broken and lifted
+in black fronts of rock, they crept to the edge of the cliff and peered
+over it. A summer hotel stretched its verandas along a lovely level;
+everywhere in clovery hollows and on breezy knolls were gray old
+farmhouses and summer cottages-like weather-beaten birds' nests, and like
+freshly painted marten-boxes; but all of a cold New England neatness
+which made me homesick for my malodorous Spanish fishing-village,
+shambling down in stony lanes to the warm tides of my native seas. Here,
+every place looked as if it had been newly scrubbed with soap and water,
+and rubbed down with a coarse towel, and was of an antipathetic
+alertness. The sweet, keen breeze made me shiver, and the northern sky,
+from which my blinding southern sun was blazing, was as hard as sapphire.
+I tried to bewilder myself in the ignorance of a Catalonian or Asturian
+fisherman, and to wonder with his darkened mind why it should all or any
+of it have been, and why I should have escaped from the iron hell in
+which I had fought no quarrel of my own to fall into the hands of
+strangers, and to be haled over seas to these alien shores for a
+captivity of unknown term. But I need not have been at so much pains;
+the intelligence (I do not wish to boast) of an American author would
+have sufficed; for if there is anything more grotesque than another in
+war it is its monstrous inconsequence. If we had a grief with the
+Spanish government, and if it was so mortal we must do murder for it, we
+might have sent a joint committee of the House and Senate, and, with the
+improved means of assassination which modern science has put at our
+command, killed off the Spanish cabinet, and even the queen--mother and
+the little king. This would have been consequent, logical, and in a sort
+reasonable; but to butcher and capture a lot of wretched Spanish peasants
+and fishermen, hapless conscripts to whom personally and nationally we
+were as so many men in the moon, was that melancholy and humiliating
+necessity of war which makes it homicide in which there is not even the
+saving grace of hate, or the excuse of hot blood.
+
+I was able to console myself perhaps a little better for the captivity of
+the Spaniards than if I had really been one of them, as we drew nearer
+and nearer their prison isle, and it opened its knotty points and little
+ravines, overrun with sweet-fern, blueberry-bushes, bay, and low
+blackberry-vines, and rigidly traversed with a high stockade of yellow
+pine boards. Six or eight long, low, wooden barracks stretched side by
+side across the general slope, with the captive officers' quarters,
+sheathed in weather-proof black paper, at one end of them. About their
+doors swarmed the common prisoners, spilling out over the steps and on
+the grass, where some of them lounged smoking. One operatic figure in a
+long blanket stalked athwart an open space; but there was such poverty of
+drama in the spectacle at the distance we were keeping that we were glad
+of so much as a shirt-sleeved contractor driving out of the stockade in
+his buggy. On the heights overlooking the enclosure Gatling guns were
+posted at three or four points, and every thirty or forty feet sentries
+met and parted, so indifferent to us, apparently, that we wondered if we
+might get nearer. We ventured, but at a certain moment a sentry called to
+us, "Fifty yards off, please!" Our young skipper answered, "All right,"
+and as the sentry had a gun on his shoulder which we had every reason to
+believe was loaded, it was easily our pleasure to retreat to the
+specified limit. In fact, we came away altogether, after that, so little
+promise was there of our being able to satisfy our curiosity further.
+We came away care fully nursing such impression as we had got of a spec
+tacle whose historical quality we did our poor best to feel. It related
+us, after solicitation, to the wars against the Moors, against the
+Mexicans and Peruvians, against the Dutch; to the Italian campaigns of
+the Gran Capitan, to the Siege of Florence, to the Sack of Rome, to the
+wars of the Spanish Succession, and what others. I do not deny that
+there was a certain aesthetic joy in having the Spanish prisoners there
+for this effect; we came away duly grateful for what we had seen of them;
+and we had long duly resigned ourselves to seeing no more, when word was
+sent to us that our young skipper had got a permit to visit the island,
+and wished us to go with him.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+It was just such another afternoon when we went again, but this time we
+took the joyous trolley-car, and bounded and pirouetted along as far as
+the navyyard of Kittery, and there we dismounted and walked among the
+vast, ghostly ship-sheds, so long empty of ships. The grass grew in the
+Kittery navy-yard, but it was all the pleasanter for the grass, and those
+pale, silent sheds were far more impressive in their silence than they
+would have been if resonant with saw and hammer. At several points, an
+unarmed marine left his leisure somewhere, and lunged across our path
+with a mute appeal for our permit; but we were nowhere delayed till we
+came to the office where it had to be countersigned, and after that we
+had presently crossed a bridge, by shady, rustic ways, and were on the
+prison island. Here, if possible, the sense of something pastoral
+deepened; a man driving a file of cows passed before us under kindly
+trees, and the bell which the foremost of these milky mothers wore about
+her silken throat sent forth its clear, tender note as if from the depth
+of some grassy bosk, and instantly witched me away to the woods-pastures
+which my boyhood knew in southern Ohio. Even when we got to what seemed
+fortifications they turned out to be the walls of an old reservoir, and
+bore on their gate a paternal warning that children unaccompanied by
+adults were not allowed within.
+
+We mounted some stone steps over this portal and were met by a young
+marine, who left his Gatling gun for a moment to ask for our permit, and
+then went back satisfied. Then we found ourselves in the presence of a
+sentry with a rifle on his shoulder, who was rather more exacting.
+Still, he only wished to be convinced, and when he had pointed out the
+headquarters where we were next to go, he let us over his beat. At the
+headquarters there was another sentry, equally serious, but equally
+civil, and with the intervention of an orderly our leader saw the officer
+of the day. He came out of the quarters looking rather blank, for he had
+learned that his pass admitted our party to the lines, but not to the
+stockade, which we might approach, at a certain point of vantage and look
+over into, but not penetrate. We resigned ourselves, as we must, and
+made what we could of the nearest prison barrack, whose door overflowed
+and whose windows swarmed with swarthy captives. Here they were, at such
+close quarters that their black, eager eyes easily pierced the pockets
+full of cigarettes which we had brought for them. They looked mostly
+very young, and there was one smiling rogue at the first window who was
+obviously prepared to catch anything thrown to him. He caught, in fact,
+the first box of cigarettes shied over the stockade; the next box flew
+open, and spilled its precious contents outside the dead-line under the
+window, where I hope some compassionate guard gathered them up and gave
+them to the captives.
+
+Our fellows looked capable of any kindness to their wards short of
+letting them go. They were a most friendly company, with an effect of
+picnicking there among the sweet-fern and blueberries, where they had
+pitched their wooden tents with as little disturbance to the shrubbery as
+possible. They were very polite to us, and when, after that misadventure
+with the cigarettes (I had put our young leader up to throwing the box,
+merely supplying the corpus delicti myself), I wandered vaguely towards a
+Gatling gun planted on an earthen platform where the laurel and the
+dogroses had been cut away for it, the man in charge explained with a
+smile of apology that I must not pass a certain path I had already
+crossed.
+
+One always accepts the apologies of a man with a Gatling gun to back
+them, and I retreated. That seemed the end; and we were going
+crestfallenly away when the officer of the day came out and allowed us to
+make his acquaintance. He permitted us, with laughing reluctance, to
+learn that he had been in the fight at Santiago, and had come with the
+prisoners, and he was most obligingly sorry that our permit did not let
+us into the stockade. I said I had some cigarettes for the prisoners,
+and I supposed I might send them; in, but he said he could not allow
+this, for they had money to buy tobacco; and he answered another of our
+party, who had not a soul above buttons, and who asked if she could get
+one from the Spaniards, that so far from promoting her wish, he would
+have been obliged to take away any buttons she might have got from them.
+
+"The fact is," he explained, "you've come to the wrong end for
+transactions in buttons and tobacco."
+
+But perhaps innocence so great as ours had wrought upon him. When we
+said we were going, and thanked him for his unavailing good-will, he
+looked at his watch and said they were just going to feed the prisoners;
+and after some parley he suddenly called out, "Music of the guard!"
+Instead of a regimental band, which I had supposed summoned, a single
+corporal ran out the barracks, touching his cap.
+
+"Take this party round to the gate," the officer said, and he promised us
+that he would see us there, and hoped we would not mind a rough walk. We
+could have answered that to see his prisoners fed we would wade through
+fathoms of red-tape; but in fact we were arrested at the last point by
+nothing worse than the barbed wire which fortified the outer gate. Here
+two marines were willing to tell us how well the prisoners lived, while
+we stared into the stockade through an inner gate of plank which was run
+back for us. They said the Spaniards had a breakfast of coffee, and hash
+or stew and potatoes, and a dinner of soup and roast; and now at five
+o'clock they were to have bread and coffee, which indeed we saw the
+white-capped, whitejacketed cooks bringing out in huge tin wash-boilers.
+Our marines were of opinion, and no doubt rightly, that these poor
+Spaniards had never known in their lives before what it was to have full
+stomachs. But the marines said they never acknowledged it, and the one
+who had a German accent intimated that gratitude was not a virtue of any
+Roman (I suppose he meant Latin) people. But I do not know that if I
+were a prisoner, for no fault of my own, I should be very explicitly
+thankful for being unusually well fed. I thought (or I think now) that a
+fig or a bunch of grapes would have been more acceptable to me under my
+own vine and fig-tree than the stew and roast of captors who were indeed
+showing themselves less my enemies than my own government, but were still
+not quite my hosts.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+How is it the great pieces of good luck fall to us? The clock strikes
+twelve as it strikes two, and with no more premonition. As we stood
+there expecting nothing better of it than three at the most, it suddenly
+struck twelve. Our officer appeared at the inner gate and bade our
+marines slide away the gate of barbed wire and let us into the enclosure,
+where he welcomed us to seats on the grass against the stockade, with
+many polite regrets that the tough little knots of earth beside it were
+not chairs.
+
+The prisoners were already filing out of their quarters, at a rapid trot
+towards the benches where those great wash-boilers of coffee were set.
+Each man had a soup-plate and bowl of enamelled tin, and each in his turn
+received quarter of a loaf of fresh bread and a big ladleful of steaming
+coffee, which he made off with to his place at one of the long tables
+under a shed at the side of the stockade. One young fellow tried to get
+a place not his own in the shade, and our officer when he came back
+explained that he was a guerrillero, and rather unruly. We heard that
+eight of the prisoners were in irons, by sentence of their own officers,
+for misconduct, but all save this guerrillero here were docile and
+obedient enough, and seemed only too glad to get peacefully at their
+bread and coffee.
+
+First among them came the men of the Cristobal Colon, and these were the
+best looking of all the captives. From their pretty fair average the
+others varied to worse and worse, till a very scrub lot, said to be
+ex-convicts, brought up the rear. They were nearly all little fellows,
+and very dark, though here and there a six-footer towered up, or a blond
+showed among them. They were joking and laughing together, harmlessly
+enough, but I must own that they looked a crew of rather sorry
+jail-birds; though whether any run of humanity clad in misfits of our navy
+blue and white, and other chance garments, with close-shaven heads, and
+sometimes bare feet, would have looked much less like jail-birds I am not
+sure. Still, they were not prepossessing, and though some of them were
+pathetically young, they had none of the charm of boyhood. No doubt they
+did not do themselves justice, and to be herded there like cattle did not
+improve their chances of making a favorable impression on the observer.
+They were kindly used by our officer and his subordinates, who mixed
+among them, and straightened out the confusion they got into at times,
+and perhaps sometimes wilfully. Their guards employed a few handy words
+of Spanish with them; where these did not avail, they took them by the
+arm and directed them; but I did not hear a harsh tone, and I saw no
+violence, or even so much indignity offered them as the ordinary trolley-
+car passenger is subjected to in Broadway. At a certain bugle-call they
+dispersed, when they had finished their bread and coffee, and scattered
+about over the grass, or returned to their barracks. We were told that
+these children of the sun dreaded its heat, and kept out of it whenever
+they could, even in its decline; but they seemed not so much to withdraw
+and hide themselves from that, as to vanish into the history of "old,
+unhappy, far-off" times, where prisoners of war, properly belong. I
+roused myself with a start as if I had lost them in the past.
+
+Our officer came towards us and said gayly, "Well, you have seen the
+animals fed," and let us take our grateful leave. I think we were rather
+a loss, in our going, to the marines, who seemed glad of a chance to
+talk. I am sure we were a loss to the man on guard at the inner gate,
+who walked his beat with reluctance when it took him from us, and eagerly
+when it brought him back. Then he delayed for a rapid and comprehensive
+exchange of opinions and ideas, successfully blending military
+subordination with American equality in his manner.
+
+The whole thing was very American in the perfect decorum and the utter
+absence of ceremony. Those good fellows were in the clothes they wore
+through the fights at Santiago, and they could not have put on much
+splendor if they had wished, but apparently they did not wish. They were
+simple, straightforward, and adequate. There was some dry joking about
+the superiority of the prisoners' rations and lodgings, and our officer
+ironically professed his intention of messing with the Spanish officers.
+But there was no grudge, and not a shadow of ill will, or of that stupid
+and atrocious hate towards the public enemy which abominable newspapers
+and politicians had tried to breed in the popular mind. There was
+nothing manifest but a sort of cheerful purpose to live up to that
+military ideal of duty which is so much nobler than the civil ideal of
+self-interest. Perhaps duty will yet become the civil ideal, when the
+peoples shall have learned to live for the common good, and are united
+for the operation of the industries as they now are for the hostilities.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+Shall I say that a sense of something domestic, something homelike,
+imparted itself from what I had seen? Or was this more properly an
+effect from our visit, on the way back to the hospital, where a hundred
+and fifty of the prisoners lay sick of wounds and fevers? I cannot say
+that a humaner spirit prevailed here than in the camp; it was only a more
+positive humanity which was at work. Most of the sufferers were
+stretched on the clean cots of two long, airy, wooden shells, which
+received them, four days after the orders for their reception had come,
+with every equipment for their comfort. At five o'clock, when we passed
+down the aisles between their beds, many of them had a gay, nonchalant
+effect of having toothpicks or cigarettes in their mouths; but it was
+really the thermometers with which the nurses were taking their
+temperature. It suggested a possibility to me, however, and I asked if
+they were allowed to smoke, and being answered that they did smoke,
+anyway, whenever they could, I got rid at last of those boxes of
+cigarettes which had been burning my pockets, as it were, all afternoon.
+I gave them to such as I was told were the most deserving among the sick
+captives, but Heaven knows I would as willingly have given them to the
+least. They took my largesse gravely, as became Spaniards; one said,
+smiling sadly, "Muchas gracias," but the others merely smiled sadly; and
+I looked in vain for the response which would have twinkled up in the
+faces of even moribund Italians at our looks of pity. Italians would
+have met our sympathy halfway; but these poor fellows were of another
+tradition, and in fact not all the Latin peoples are the same, though we
+sometimes conveniently group them together for our detestation. Perhaps
+there are even personal distinctions among their several nationalities,
+and there are some Spaniards who are as true and kind as some Americans.
+When we remember Cortez let us not forget Las Casas.
+
+They lay in their beds there, these little Spanish men, whose dark faces
+their sickness could not blanch to more than a sickly sallow, and as they
+turned their dull black eyes upon us I must own that I could not "support
+the government" so fiercely as I might have done elsewhere. But the
+truth is, I was demoralized by the looks of these poor little men, who,
+in spite of their character of public enemies, did look so much like
+somebody's brothers, and even somebody's children. I may have been
+infected by the air of compassion, of scientific compassion, which
+prevailed in the place. There it was as wholly business to be kind and
+to cure as in another branch of the service it was business to be cruel
+and to kill. How droll these things are! The surgeons had their
+favorites among the patients, to all of whom they were equally devoted;
+inarticulate friendships had sprung up between them and certain of their
+hapless foes, whom they spoke of as "a sort of pets." One of these was
+very useful in making the mutinous take their medicine; another was liked
+apparently because he was so likable. At a certain cot the chief surgeon
+stopped and said, "We did not expect this boy to live through the night."
+He took the boy's wrist between his thumb and finger, and asked tenderly
+as he leaned over him, "Poco mejor?" The boy could not speak to say that
+he was a little better; he tried to smile--such things do move the
+witness; nor does the sight of a man whose bandaged cheek has been half
+chopped away by a machete tend to restore one's composure.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Spanish Prisoners of War, by William Dean Howells
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SPANISH PRISONERS OF WAR ***
+
+***** This file should be named 3383.txt or 3383.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/8/3383/
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.