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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:00:10 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:00:10 -0700 |
| commit | 912d72ce9a442f3c0766983547920b80b7b5512d (patch) | |
| tree | fe2f56eaea31c20b8e806cbe6024dec6a3aa8917 /33771-h | |
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diff --git a/33771-h/33771-h.htm b/33771-h/33771-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80c4027 --- /dev/null +++ b/33771-h/33771-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,8759 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> +<title>McClure's Magazine, Vol. I, No. 2, July 1893, a Project Gutenberg eBook</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + @media screen { + hr.pb {margin:30px 0; width:100%; border:none;border-top:thin dashed silver;} + .pagenum {display: inline; font-size: x-small; text-align: right; text-indent: 0; position: absolute; right: 2%; padding: 1px 3px; font-style: normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; text-decoration: none; background-color: inherit; border:1px solid #eee;} + .pncolor {color: silver;} + } + @media print { + hr.pb {border:none;page-break-after: always;} + .pagenum { display:none; } + } + body {margin-left: 11%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: 0.5em;} + + * html .figcenter img {margin: 0;} + .caption {text-align: center; font-size: small;} + .center, .center p {text-align: center;} + .figcenter {margin: 2em auto 2em auto; text-align: center; width: auto; clear: both;} + .figcenter img {margin: 0 -10%;} + .figleft {padding: .5em .5em 0 0; float: left; width: auto; clear: left;} + .figright {padding: .5em 0 0 .5em; float: right; width: auto; clear: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: 0.25em; text-decoration: none; background-color: #DDD; font-size: .9em;} + .larger {font-size: large;} + .nowrap {white-space: nowrap;} + .padtop {margin-top: 2em;} + .ralign {text-align: right;} + .sig1 {display: block;padding-right: 14em;} + .sig2 {display: block;padding-right: 5em;} + .smaller {font-size: small;} + .trnote {background-color: #EEE; color: inherit; margin: 2em 5% 1em 5%; font-size: small; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; border: dotted 1px gray;} + a img {border: none;} + blockquote {display: block; margin: .75em 5%; font-size: 90%;} + h1,h2,h3,h4 {text-align: center;} + ins {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted gray;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em; clear: both;} + sup {padding-left:0.1em; vertical-align:text-top; line-height: 50%; font-size: small;} + + .chsp {margin: auto; text-align: center; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 1em;} + .chsub {font-size: .8em;} + .figtag {height: 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .smcaplc {text-transform: lowercase; font-variant: small-caps;} + a {text-decoration: none;} + div.poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + div.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em;} + div.poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + div.poem p.indent2 {padding-left:3.8em;} + hr.fn {width:3em; text-align:left; margin-left: 0; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; height:1px; border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid black;} + hr.invis {margin: 1em auto; visibility: hidden;} + hr.mini {width: 20%; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid silver; clear:both; margin: 1em auto;} + hr.tb {border: none; border-bottom:1px solid black; width: 33%; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;} + hr.toprule {width: 65%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; border:none; border-bottom:1px solid silver; clear:both;} + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} +</style> + +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, July, 1893, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, July, 1893 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 20, 2010 [EBook #33771] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, JULY, 1893 *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Katherine Ward, and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<h1>McClure’s Magazine</h1> +<hr class='mini' /> +<p class='center larger'><b>July, 1893.</b></p> +<p class='center larger'><b>Vol. I. No. 2</b></p> +<p class='center padtop'><i>Copyright, 1893, by <span class='smcap'>S. S. McClure</span>, Limited. All rights reserved.</i></p> +<hr class='pb' /> +<h2>Table of Contents</h2> +<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0' summary='Contents' style='margin:1em auto;'> +<tr> + <td /> + <td valign='top' align='right'><p class="smaller ralign">PAGE</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>An Afternoon with Oliver Wendell Holmes.</span> By Edward E. Hale.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#AN_AFTERNOON_WITH_OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES_BY_EDWARD_E_HALE'>99</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>In the Name of the Law!</span> By Stanley J. Weyman.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#IN_THE_NAME_OF_THE_LAW_BY_STANLEY_J_WEYMAN'>110</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>“Human Documents.”</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#HUMAN_DOCUMENTS'>119</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Wild Beasts.</span> By Raymond Blathwayt.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#WILD_BEASTS_HOW_THEY_ARE_TRANSPORTED_AND_TRAINED__BY_RAYMOND_BLATHWAYT'>126</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>John Horseleigh, Knyght.</span> By Thomas Hardy.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#JOHN_HORSELEIGH_KNYGHT_BY_THOMAS_HARDY___ILLUSTRATED_BY_MR_HARRY_C_EDWARDS'>136</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>The Race to the North Pole.</span> By Hugh Robert Mill, D.Sc.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_RACE_TO_THE_NORTH_POLE__THE_EXPEDITIONS_OF_NANSEN_AND_JACKSON__BY_HUGH_ROBERT_MILL_DSC_AUTHOR_OF_THE_REALM_OF_NATURE'>147</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Lieutenant Peary’s Expedition.</span> By Cleveland Moffett.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#LIEUTENANT_PEARYS_EXPEDITION_BY_CLEVELAND_MOFFETT'>156</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>An Expedition to the North Magnetic Pole.</span> By W. H. Gilder.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#AN_EXPEDITION_TO_THE_NORTH_MAGNETIC_POLE_BY_W_H_GILDER_AUTHOR_OF_SCHWATKAS_SEARCH_ICE_PACK_AND_TUNDRA_ETC'>159</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>The Merchantmen.</span> By Rudyard Kipling.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_MERCHANTMEN_BY_RUDYARD_KIPLING'>163</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Monsieur de Blowitz.</span> By W. Morton Fullerton.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#MONSIEUR_DE_BLOWITZ_BY_W_MORTON_FULLERTON'>166</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>On the Track of the Reviewer.</span> By Doctor William Wright.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#ON_THE_TRACK_OF_THE_REVIEWER__A_TRUE_STORY_OF_REVENGE_CONNECTED_WITH_THE_FIRST_PUBLICATION_OF_JANE_EYRE__BY_DOCTOR_WILLIAM_WRIGHT'>174</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Romantic Stories from the Family History of the Brontës.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#ANNOUNCEMENT___ROMANTIC_STORIES_FROM_THE_FAMILY_HISTORY_OF_THE_BRONTS'>181</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>A Strange Story: The Lost Years.</span> By Lizzie Hyer Neff.</td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#A_STRANGE_STORY__THE_LOST_YEARS_LIZZIE_HYER_NEFF'>182</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class='pb' /> +<h2>Illustrations</h2> +<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0' summary='Illustrations' style='margin:1em auto;'> +<col style='width:75%;' /> +<col style='width:25%;' /> +<tr> + <td /> + <td valign='top' align='right'><p class="smaller ralign">PAGE</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Oliver Wendell Holmes</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_1'>99</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>O. W. Holmes’s Birth-Place at Cambridge, Mass.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_2'>100</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Garden Door of the Cambridge House.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_3'>100</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>House in Rue Monsieur le Prince.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_4'>101</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Residence in Beacon Street, Boston.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_5'>102</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Bay Window in Doctor Holmes’s Study.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_6'>103</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>A Corner in Doctor Holmes’s Study.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_7'>103</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Dorothy Q.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_8'>104</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Dorothy Q’s House in Quincy, Mass.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_9'>105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Holmes Delivering His Farewell Address, Harvard.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_10'>105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Summer Residence at Beverly Farms.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_11'>107</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>O. W. Holmes and E. E. Hale.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_12'>108</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>O. W. Holmes in His Favorite Seat at Beverly.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_13'>109</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Edward Everett Hale.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_23'>120</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>M. de Blowitz.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_31'>122</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Thomas Alva Edison.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_39'>124</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Karl Hagenbeck.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_45'>127</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Fridtjof Nansen.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_70'>151</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Robert E. Peary.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_71'>156</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Colonel W. H. Gilder.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_72'>159</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>General A. W. Greely.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_73'>160</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Professor T. C. Mendenhall.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_74'>160</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Diagram of the North Magnetic Pole Region.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_75'>161</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Professor C. A. Schott.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_76'>162</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Dining-Room in M. De Blowitz’s Paris Home.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_79'>167</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>M. De Blowitz in His Study.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_80'>169</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The <i>Lampottes</i>; The Country House of M. De Blowitz.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_81'>171</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Charlotte Brontë.</span></td> + <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_83'>180</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<a name='AN_AFTERNOON_WITH_OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES_BY_EDWARD_E_HALE' id='AN_AFTERNOON_WITH_OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES_BY_EDWARD_E_HALE'></a> +<h2>AN AFTERNOON WITH OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Edward E. Hale.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<p>My first recollection of +Doctor Holmes is +seeing him standing +on a bench at +a college dinner +when I was a boy, +in the year 1836. +He was full of life +and fun, and was delivering—I do not +say reading—one of his little college +poems. He always writes them with joy, +and recites them—if that is the word—with +a spirit not to be described. +For he is a born orator, with what people +call a sympathetic voice, wholly +under his own command, and entirely +free from any of the tricks of elocution. +It seems to me that no one really +knows his poems to the very best, who +has not had the good fortune to hear +him read some of them.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_1' id='linki_1'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus098.jpg' alt='' title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Boston, May 24th, 1893." width='423' height='670' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>But I had known all about him before +that. As little boys, we had by +heart, in those days, the song which +saved “Old Ironsides” from destruction. +That was the pet name of the +frigate “Constitution,” which was a pet +Boston ship, because she had been built +at a Boston shipyard, had been sailed +with Yankee crews, and, more than +once, had brought her prizes into Boston +Harbor.</p> +<p>We used to spout at school:</p> +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“Nail to the mast her holy flag,</p> +<p class='indent2'>Spread every threadbare sail,</p> +<p>And give her to the god of storms,</p> +<p class='indent2'>The lightning and the gale!”</p> +</div></div> +<p>Ah me! There had been a Phi Beta +anniversary not long before, where +Holmes had delivered a poem. You +may read “Poetry, a Metrical Essay,” +in the volumes now. But you will look +in vain for the covert allusions to Julia +and Susan and Elizabeth and the rest, +which, to those who knew, meant the +choicest belles of our little company. +Have the queens of to-day any such +honors?</p> +<p>Nobody is more accessible than Doctor +Holmes. I doubt if any doorbell +in Boston is more rung than his. And +nowhere is the visitor made more +kindly at home. His own work-room +takes in all the width of a large house +in Beacon Street; a wide window commands +the sweep of the mouth of +Charles River; in summer the gulls are +hovering above it, in winter you may +see them chaffing together on bits of +floating ice, which is on its way to the +sea. Across that water, by stealthy +rowing, the boats of the English squadron +carried the men who were to die +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_100' name='page_100'></a>100</span> +at Concord the next day, at Concord +Bridge. Beyond is Bunker Hill Monument; +and just this side of the monument +Paul Revere crossed the same +river to say that that English army was +coming.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_2' id='linki_2'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus100a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='535' height='366' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +O. W. HOLMES’S BIRTH-PLACE AT CAMBRIDGE, MASS., ERECTED IN 1725, A.D. FROM PHOTO BY WILFRID A. FRENCH.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>For me, I had to deliver on Emerson’s +ninetieth birthday an address +on my memories of him and his life. +Holmes used to meet him, from college +days down, in a thousand ways, +and has written a charming memoir of +his life. I went round there one day, +therefore, to ask some questions, which +might put my own memories of Emerson +in better light, and afterwards I +obtained his leave to make this sketch +of the talk of half an hour. When +we think of it here, if we ever fall to +talking about such things, every one +would say that Holmes is the best +talker we have or know. But when +you are with him, you do not think +whether he is or is not. You are under +the spell of his kindness and genius. +Still no minute passes in which you do +not say to yourself: “I hope I shall +remember those very words always.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:269px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_3' id='linki_3'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus100b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='269' height='393' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +GARDEN DOOR OF THE CAMBRIDGE HOUSE.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>Thinking of</span> it after I come home, I +am reminded of the flow and fun of the +Autocrat. But you never say so to +yourself when you are sitting in his +room.</p> +<p>I had arranged with my friend Mr. +Sample that he should carry his camera +to the house, and it was in gaps in +this very conversation that the picture +of both of us was taken. I told Doctor +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_101' name='page_101'></a>101</span> +Holmes how pleased I was at this +chance of going to posterity under his +escort.</p> +<p>I told him of the paper on Emerson +which I had in hand, and thanked him, +as well as I could, in a few words, for his +really marvellous study of Emerson in +the series of American authors. I said I +really wanted to bring him my paper +to read. What I was trying to do, +was to show that the great idealist was +always in touch +with his time, and +eager to know +what, at the moment, +were the +real facts of +American life.</p> +<p><i>I.</i> I remember +where Emerson +stopped me on +State Street once, +to cross-question +me about some +details of Irish +emigration.</p> +<p><i>Holmes.</i> Yes, he +was eager for all +practical information. +I used to +meet him very +often on Saturday +evenings at the +Saturday Club; +and I can see him +now, as he bent +forward eagerly +at the table, if +any one were +making an interesting +observation, +with his face like a hawk as he +took in what was said. You felt how +the hawk would be flying overhead and +looking down on your thought at the +next minute. I remember that I once +spoke of “the three great prefaces,” +and quick as light Emerson said, +“What are the three great prefaces?” +and I had to tell him.</p> +<p><i>I.</i> I am sure I do not know what +they are. What are they?</p> +<p><i>Holmes.</i> They are Calvin’s to his +“Institutes,” Thuanus’s to his history, +and Polybius’s to his.</p> +<p><i>I.</i> And I have never read one of +them!</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:292px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_4' id='linki_4'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus101.jpg' alt='' title='' width='292' height='420' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +THE HOUSE IN RUE MONSIEUR LE PRINCE WHERE DOCTOR HOLMES LIVED FOR TWO YEARS WHEN STUDYING MEDICINE IN PARIS.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'><i>Holmes.</i> And I had</span> then never read +but one of them. It was a mere piece +of encyclopædia learning of mine.</p> +<p><i>I.</i> What I shall try to do in my address +is to show that Emerson would +not have touched all sorts of people +as he did, but for this matter-of-fact +interest in his daily surroundings—if +he had not gone to town-meetings, for +instance. Was it you or Lowell who +called him the Yankee Plato?</p> +<p><i>Holmes.</i> Not I. +It was probably +Lowell, in the +“Fable for Critics.” +I called him +“a wingèd Franklin,” +and I stand +by that. Matthew +Arnold quoted +that afterwards, +and I was glad I +had said it.</p> +<p><i>I.</i> I do not +remember where +you said it. How +was it?</p> +<p>Doctor Holmes +at once rose, went +to the turning +book-stand, and +took down volume +three of his +own poems, and +read me with +great spirit the +passage. I do +not know how +I had forgotten +it.</p> +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“Where in the realm of thought, whose air is song,</p> +<p>Does he, the Buddha of the West, belong?</p> +<p>He seems a wingèd Franklin, sweetly wise,</p> +<p>Born to unlock the secrets of the skies;</p> +<p>And which the nobler calling,—if ’tis fair</p> +<p>Terrestrial with celestial to compare,—</p> +<p>To guide the storm-cloud’s elemental flame,</p> +<p>Or walk the chambers whence the lightning came,</p> +<p>Amidst the sources of its subtile fire,</p> +<p>And steal their effluence for his lips and lyre?”</p> +</div></div> +<p>Here he said, with great fun, “One +great good of writing poetry is to furnish +you with your own quotations.” +And afterwards, when I had made him +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_102' name='page_102'></a>102</span> +read to me some other verses from his +own poems, he said, “Oh, yes, as a +reservoir of the best quotations in the +language, there is nothing like a book +of your own poems.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:350px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_5' id='linki_5'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus102.jpg' alt='' title='' width='350' height='506' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +O. W. HOLMES’S RESIDENCE IN BEACON STREET, BOSTON.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>I said that</span> there was no greater nonsense +than the talk of Emerson’s time, +that he introduced German philosophy +here, and I asked Holmes if he thought +that Emerson had borrowed anything +in the philosophical +line +from the German. He +agreed with +me that his +philosophy +was thoroughly +home-bred, +and +wrought out +in the experience +of his +own home-life. +He said +that he was +disposed to +believe that +that would be +true of Emerson +which he +knew was true +of himself. +He knew Emerson +went +over a great +many books, +but he did not +really believe +that he often +really read a +book through. +I remember +one of his +phrases was, that he thought that Emerson +“tasted books;” and he cited +a bright lady from Philadelphia, whom +he had met the day before, who had +said that she thought men of genius +did not rely much upon their reading, +and had complimented him by asking +if he did so. Holmes said:</p> +<p>“I told her—I had to tell her—that +in reading my mind is always active. +I do not follow the author steadily or +implicitly, but my thought runs off to +right and left. It runs off in every +direction, and I find I am not so much +taking his book as I am thinking my +own thoughts upon his subject.”</p> +<p><i>I.</i> I want to thank you for your contrast +between Emerson and Carlyle: +“The hatred of unreality was uppermost +in Carlyle; the love of what is real and +genuine, with Emerson.” Is it not +perhaps possible that Carlyle would +not have been Carlyle but for Emerson? +Emerson +found him +discouraged, +and as he supposed +alone, +and at the very +beginning led +him out of +his darkest +places.</p> +<p>I think it +was on this +that Doctor +Holmes spoke +with a good +deal of feeling +about the +value of appreciation. +He was ready +to go back to +tell of the +pleasure he +had received +from persons +who had written +to him, +even though +he did not +know them, +to say of how +much use +some particular +line of his +had been. Among others he said that +Lothrop Motley had told him that, +when he was all worn out in his work +in a country where he had not many +friends, and among stupid old manuscript +archives, two lines of Holmes’s +braced him up and helped him through:</p> +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“Stick to your aim: the mongrel’s hold will slip,</p> +<p>But only crowbars loose the bulldog’s grip.”</p> +</div></div> +<p>He was very funny about flattery. +“That is the trouble of having so many +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_103' name='page_103'></a>103</span> +friends, everybody flatters you. I do +not mean to let them hurt me if I can +help it, and flattery is not necessarily +untrue. But you have to be on your +guard when everybody is as kind to +you as everybody is to me.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_6' id='linki_6'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus103a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='387' height='371' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +THE BAY WINDOW IN DOCTOR HOLMES’S STUDY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>He said, in passing, that Emerson +once quoted two lines of his, and +quoted them horribly. They are from +the poem called “The Steamboat:”</p> +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“The beating of her restless heart,</p> +<p class='indent2'>Still sounding through the storm.”</p> +</div></div> +<p>Emerson quoted them thus:</p> +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“The pulses of her iron heart</p> +<p class='indent2'>Go beating through the storm.”</p> +</div></div> +<div class='figright' style='width:275px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_7' id='linki_7'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus103b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='275' height='424' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +A CORNER IN DOCTOR HOLMES’S STUDY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>I was curious</span> to know about Doctor +Holmes’s experience of country life, he +knows all nature’s processes so well. +So he told me how it happened that +he went to Pittsfield. It seems that, a +century and a half ago, his ancestor, +Jacob Wendell, had a royal grant for +the whole township there, with some +small exception, perhaps. The place +was at first called Pontoosoc, then +Wendelltown, and only afterward got +the name of Pittsfield from William +Pitt. One part of the Wendell property +descended to Doctor Holmes’s +mother. When he had once seen it he +was struck with its beauty and fitness +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_104' name='page_104'></a>104</span> +for a country home, and asked her that +he might have it for his own. It was +there that he built a house in which he +lived for eight or nine years. He said +that the Housatonic winds backwards +and forwards through it, so that to go +from one end of his estate to the other +in a straight line required the crossing +it seven times. Here his children grew +up, and he and they were enlivened +anew every year by +long summer days +there.</p> +<p>He was most interesting +and animated +as he spoke +of the vigor of life +and work and poetical +composition +which come from +being in the open +air and living in the +country. He wrote, +at the request of +the neighborhood, +his poem of “The +Ploughman,” to be read at a cattle-show +in Pittsfield. “And when I came +to read it afterwards I said, ‘Here it +is! Here is open air life, here is what +breathing the mountain air and living +in the midst of nature does for a man!’ +And I want to read you now a piece +of that poem, because it contained a +prophecy.” And while he was looking +for the verses, he said, in the vein of +the Autocrat, “Nobody knows but a +man’s self how many good things he +has done.”</p> +<p>So we found the first volume of the +poems, and there is “The Ploughman,” +written, observe, as early as 1849.</p> +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“O gracious Mother, whose benignant breast</p> +<p>Wakes us to life, and lulls us all to rest,</p> +<p>How thy sweet features, kind to every clime,</p> +<p>Mock with their smile the wrinkled front of time!</p> +<p>We stain thy flowers,—they blossom o’er the dead;</p> +<p>We rend thy bosom, and it gives us bread;</p> +<p>O’er the red field that trampling strife has torn,</p> +<p>Waves the green plumage of thy tasselled corn;</p> +<p>Our maddening conflicts sear thy fairest plain,</p> +<p>Still thy soft answer is the growing grain.</p> +<p>Yet, O our Mother, while uncounted charms</p> +<p>Steal round our hearts in thine embracing arms,</p> +<p>Let not our virtues in thy love decay,</p> +<p>And thy fond sweetness waste our strength away.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>No! by these hills, whose banners now displayed</p> +<p>In blazing cohorts Autumn has arrayed;</p> +<p>By yon twin summits, on whose splintery crests</p> +<p>The tossing hemlocks hold the eagles’ nests;</p> +<p>By these fair plains the mountain circle screens,</p> +<p>And feeds with streamlets from its dark ravines,—</p> +<p>True to their home, these faithful arms shall toil</p> +<p>To crown with peace their own untainted soil;</p> +<p>And, true to God, to freedom, to mankind,</p> +<p>If her chained bandogs Faction shall unbind,</p> +<p>These stately forms, that bending even now</p> +<p>Bowed their strong manhood to the humble plough,</p> +<p>Shall rise erect, the guardians of the land,</p> +<p>The same stern iron in the same right hand,</p> +<p>Till o’er the hills the shouts of triumph run,</p> +<p>The sword has rescued what the ploughshare won!”</p> +</div></div> +<p>Now, in 1849, I, who remember, can +tell you, every-day people did not +much think that Faction was going to +unbind her bandogs and set the country +at war; and it was only a prophet-poet +who saw that there was a chance +that men might forge their ploughshares +into swords again. But you see +from the poem that Holmes was such +a prophet-poet, and now, forty-four +years after, it was a pleasure to hear +him read these lines.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:120px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_8' id='linki_8'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus104.jpg' alt='' title='' width='120' height='202' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +DOROTHY Q. FROM THE PORTRAIT IN DOCTOR HOLMES’S STUDY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>I asked him</span> of his reminiscences of +Emerson’s famous Phi Beta Kappa oration +at Cambridge, which he has described, +as so many others have, as the +era of independence in American literature. +We both talked of the day, +which we remembered, and of the Phi +Beta dinner which followed it, when +Mr. Everett presided, and bore touching +tribute to Charles Emerson, who +had just died. Holmes said: “You +cannot make the people of this generation +understand the effect of Everett’s +oratory. I have never felt the fascination +of speech as I did in hearing him. +Did it ever occur to you,—did I say to +you the other day,—that when a man +has such a voice as he had, our slight +nasal resonance is an advantage and +not a disadvantage?”</p> +<p>I was fresher than he from his own +book on Emerson, and remembered +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_105' name='page_105'></a>105</span> +that he had said there somewhat the +same thing. His words are: “It is +with delight that one who remembers +Everett in his robes of rhetorical +splendor; who recalls his full-blown, +high-colored, double-flowered periods; +the rich, resonant, grave, far-reaching +music of his speech, with just enough +of nasal vibration to give the vocal +sounding-board its proper value in the +harmonies of utterance,—it is with delight +that such a one recalls the glowing +words of Emerson whenever he +refers to Edward Everett. It is enough +if he himself caught enthusiasm from +those eloquent lips. But many a listener +has had his youthful enthusiasm +fired by that great master of academic +oratory.” I knew, when I read this, +that Holmes referred to himself as the +“youthful listener,” and was glad that +within twenty-four hours he should say +so to me.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_9' id='linki_9'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus106.jpg' alt='' title='' width='568' height='405' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +DOROTHY Q’S HOUSE IN QUINCY, MASS.<a name='FNanchor_0001' id='FNanchor_0001'></a><a href='#Footnote_0001' class='fnanchor'>[1]</a><br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>So we fell to talking of his own Phi +Beta poem. A good Phi Beta poem is +an impossibility; but it is the business +of genius to work the miracles, and +Holmes’s is one of the few successful +Phi Beta poems in the dreary catalogue +of more than a century. The custom of +having “<i>the</i> poem,” as people used to +say, as if it were always the same, is +now almost abandoned.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_10' id='linki_10'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus107.jpg' alt='' title='' width='568' height='509' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +DOCTOR O. W. HOLMES DELIVERING HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS AS PARKMAN PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY IN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, NOVEMBER 28, 1882. FROM A PROOF PRINT IN THE POSSESSION OF DOCTOR JAMES R. CHADWICK.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>Fortunately for us both, a tap was +heard at the door, and Mr. John Holmes +appeared, his brother. Mr. John +Holmes has not chosen to publish the +bright things which he has undoubtedly +written, but in all circles where he +favors people with his presence he is +known as one of the most agreeable of +men. Everybody is glad to set him on +the lines of reminiscences. The two +brothers, with great good humor, began +telling of a dinner party which Doctor +Holmes had given, within a few days, +to a number of gentlemen whose average +ages, according to them, exceeded +eighty. One has to make allowance +for the exaggeration of their fun, but +I think, from the facts which they +dropped, that the average must have +been maintained. One would have +given a good deal to be old enough to +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_106' name='page_106'></a>106</span> +be permitted to be at that dinner. This +led to talk of the Harvard class of 1829, +for whose meetings Holmes has written +so many of his charming poems. +He said that they are now to have a +dinner within a few days, and named the +gentlemen who were to be there. Among +them, of course, is Doctor Samuel F. +Smith, the author of “America.” I +noticed that Doctor Holmes always +called him “My country ’tis of thee,” +and so did all of us. And then these +two critics began analyzing that magnificent +song. “It will not do to laugh +at it. People show that they do not +know what they are talking about when +they speak lightly of it. Did you ever +think how much is gained by making +the first verse begin with the singular +number? Not <i>our</i> country, but ‘<i>My</i> +country,’ ‘<i>I</i> sing of thee’? There is not +an American citizen but can make it his +own, and does make it his own, as +he sings it. And it rises to a Psalm-like +grandeur at the end.” “It is a +magnificent hold to have upon fame to +have sixty million people sing the verses +that you have written.” John Holmes +said: “How good ‘templed hills’ is, +and that is not alone in the poem.” +Both John Holmes and I plead to be +permitted to come to the class dinner, +but Doctor Holmes was very funny. He +pooh-poohed us both; we were only +children, and we were not to be present +at so rare a solemnity. For me, I already +felt that I had been wicked in +wasting so much of his time. But he +has the gift of making you think that +you are the only person in the world, +and that he is only living for your +pleasure. Still I knew, as a matter of +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_107' name='page_107'></a>107</span> +fact, that this was not so, and very unwillingly +I took myself away.</p> +<hr class='tb' /> +<p>As I walked home I meditated on +the fate of a first-rate book in our +time. Holmes had expressed unaffected +surprise that I spoke with the gratitude +which I felt about his “Life of +Emerson.” The book must have cost +him the hard work of a year. It is as +remarkable a study as one poet ever +made of another. Yet I think he said +to me that no one had seemed to +understand the care and effort which +he had given to it.</p> +<p>Here is the position in the United +States now about the criticism of such +work. At about the time that the +“North American Review” ceased to +review books, there came, as if by general +consent, an end to all elaborate +criticism of new books here.</p> +<p>I think myself that this is a thing +very much to be regretted. In old +times, whoever wrote a good book was +tolerably sure that at least one competent +person would study it and write +down what he thought about it; and, +from at least one point of view, an +author had a prospect of knowing +how his book struck other people. +Now we have nothing but the hasty +sketches, sometimes very good, which +are written for the daily or weekly +press.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_11' id='linki_11'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus108.jpg' alt='' title='' width='478' height='269' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +O. W. HOLMES’S SUMMER RESIDENCE AT BEVERLY FARMS.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>So it happens that I, for one, have +never seen any fit recognition of the +gift which Doctor Holmes made to our +time and to the next generation when +he made his study of Emerson’s life +for the “American Men of Letters” +series. Apparently he had not. Just +think of it! Here is a poet, the head +of our “Academy,” so far as there is +any such Academy, who is willing to +devote a year of his life to telling you +and me what Emerson was, from his +own personal recollections of a near +friend, whom he met as often as once +a week, and talked with perhaps for +hours at a time, and with whom he +talked on literary and philosophical +subjects. More than this, this poet +has been willing to go through Emerson’s +books again, to re-read them as +he had originally read them when they +came out, and to make for you and me +a careful analysis of all these books. +He is one of five people in the country +who are competent to tell what +effect these books produced on the +country as they appeared from time to +time. And, being competent, he makes +the time to tell us this thing. That is +a sort of good fortune which, so far as +I remember, has happened to nobody +excepting Emerson. When John Milton +died, there was nobody left who +could have done such a thing; certainly +nobody did do it, or tried to do it. +I must say, I think it is rather hard +that when such a gift as that has been +given to the people of any country, +that people, while boasting of its seventy +millions of numbers, and its thousands +of billions of acres, should not +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_108' name='page_108'></a>108</span> +have one critical journal of which it +is the business to say at length, and +in detail, whether Doctor Holmes has +done his duty well by the prophet, or +whether, indeed, he has done it at +all.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_12' id='linki_12'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus109.jpg' alt='' title='' width='550' height='482' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +O. W. HOLMES AND E. E. HALE. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN DOCTOR HOLMES’S STUDY, MAY 22, 1893.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>When we left Doctor Holmes, he +and his household were looking forward +to the annual escape to Beverly. +Somebody once wrote him a letter +dated from “<ins title='Added hyphen before Sea'>Manchester-by-the-Sea</ins>,” +and Holmes wrote his reply under +the date “Beverly-by-the-Depot.” And +here let me stop to tell one of those +jokes for which the English language +and Doctor Holmes were made. A +few years ago, in a fit of economy, our +famous Massachusetts Historical Society +screwed up its library and other +offices by some fifteen feet, built in the +space underneath, and rented it to the +city of Boston. This was all very well +for the treasurer; but for those of us +who had passed sixty years, and had +to climb up some twenty more iron +stairs whenever we wanted to look at +an old pamphlet in the library, it was +not so great a benefaction. When +Holmes went up, for the first time, to +see the new quarters of the Society, he +left his card with the words, “O. W. +Holmes. High-story-call Society.” +We understood then why the councils +of the Society had been over-ruled by +the powers which manage this world, +to take this flight towards heaven.</p> +<p>I ought to have given a hint above +of his connection and mine with the +society of “People who Think we are +Going to Know More about Some +Things By and By.” This society was +really formed by my mother, who for +some time, I think, was the only member. +But one day Doctor Holmes and +I met in the “Old Corner Bookstore,” +when the Corner had been moved to +the corner of Hamilton Place, and he +was telling me one of the extraordinary +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_109' name='page_109'></a>109</span> +coincidences which he collects with +such zeal. I ventured to trump his +story with another; and, in the language +of the ungodly, I thought I +went one better than he. This led to +a talk about coincidences, and I said +that my mother had long since said +that she meant to have a society of the +people who believed that sometime we +should know more about such curious +coincidences. Doctor Holmes was +delighted with the idea, and we “organized” +the society then and there; he +was to be president, I was to be secretary, +and my mother was to be treasurer. +There were to be no other members, +no entrance fees, no constitution, and +no assessments. We seldom meet now +that we do not authorize a meeting of +this society and challenge each other +to produce the remarkable coincidences +which have passed since we met before.</p> +<p>There is an awful story of his about +the last time a glove was thrown down +in an English court-room. It is a story +in which Holmes is all mixed up with +a marvellous series of impossibilities, +such as would make Mr. Clemens’s +hair grow gray, and add a new chapter +to his studies of telepathy. I will not +enter on it now, with the detail of the +book that fell from the ninth shelf of +a book-case, and opened at the exact +passage where the challenge story was +to be described. No, I will not tell +another word of it; for if I am started +upon it, it will take up the whole of +this number of Mr. McClure’s Magazine. +But sometime, when Mr. McClure +wants to make the whole magazine +thrill with excitement, he will write to +Doctor Holmes, and ask him for that +story of the “challenge of battle.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_13' id='linki_13'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus110.jpg' alt='' title='' width='577' height='413' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +O. W. HOLMES IN HIS FAVORITE SEAT AT BEVERLY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>As for the story of his hearing Doctor +Phinney at Rome, and the other +story of Mr. Emerson’s hearing Doctor +Phinney at Rome, I never tell that +excepting to confidential friends who +know that I cannot tell a lie. For if I +tell it to any one else, he looks at me +with a quizzical air, as much as to say, +“This is as bad as the story of the +‘Man Without a Country;’ and I do +not know how much to believe, and +how much to disbelieve.”</p> +<hr class='fn' /> +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_0001' id='Footnote_0001'></a><a href='#FNanchor_0001'><span class='label'>[1]</span></a> +<p>Also called the Peter Butler house. Sewall in his diary speaks of it as Mr. Quincy’s new house (1680-85). +There Dorothy was born and married.</p> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_110' name='page_110'></a>110</span> +<a name='IN_THE_NAME_OF_THE_LAW_BY_STANLEY_J_WEYMAN' id='IN_THE_NAME_OF_THE_LAW_BY_STANLEY_J_WEYMAN'></a> +<h2>IN THE NAME OF THE LAW! +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Stanley J. Weyman.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<p>On the moorland +above the old +gray village of +Carbaix, in Finistére—Finistére, +the most +westerly province +of Brittany—stands +a +cottage, built, +as all the cottages +in that +country are, +of rough-hewn +stones. It is a +poor, rude place to-day, but it wore an +aspect far more rude and primitive a +hundred years ago—say on an August +day in the year 1793, when a man issued +from the doorway, and, shading his +eyes from the noonday sun, gazed long +and fixedly in the direction of a narrow +rift which a few score paces away +breaks the monotony of the upland +level. This man was tall and thin and +unkempt, his features expressing a mixture +of cunning and simplicity. He +gazed a while in silence, but at length +uttered a grunt of satisfaction as the +figure of a woman rose gradually into +sight. She came on slowly, in a stooping +posture, dragging behind her a +great load of straw, which completely +hid the little sledge on which it rested, +and which was attached to her waist by +a rope of twisted hay.</p> +<p>The figure of a woman—rather of a +girl. As she drew nearer it could be +seen that her cheeks, though brown and +sunburned, were as smooth as a child’s. +She looked scarcely eighteen. Her head +was bare, and her short petticoats, of +some coarse stuff, left visible bare feet +thrust into wooden shoes. She advanced +with her head bent and her +shoulders strained forward, her face +dull and patient. Once, and once only, +when the man’s eyes left her for a +moment, she shot at him a look of scared +apprehension; and later, when she came +abreast of him, her breath coming and +going with her exertions, he might have +seen, had he looked closely, that her +strong brown limbs were trembling +under her.</p> +<p>But the man noticed nothing in his +impatience, and only chid her for her +slowness. “Where have you been +dawdling, lazy-bones?” he cried.</p> +<p>She murmured, without halting, that +the sun was hot.</p> +<p>“Sun hot!” he retorted. “Jeanne +is lazy, I think! <i>Mon Dieu</i>, that I +should have married a wife who is tired +by noon! I had better have left you +to that never-do-well Pierre Bounat. +But I have news for you, my girl.”</p> +<p>He lounged after her as he spoke, +his low, cunning face—the face of the +worst kind of French peasant—flickering +with cruel pleasure, as he saw how +she started at his words. She made no +answer, however. Instead, she drew her +load with increased vehemence towards +one of the two doors which led into the +building. “Well, well, I will tell you +presently,” he called after her. “Be +quick and come to dinner.”</p> +<p>He entered himself by the other door. +The house was divided into two chambers +by a breast-high partition of wood. +The one room served for kitchen; the +other, now half full of straw, was barn +and granary, fowl-house and dove-cote, +in one. “Be quick!” he called to her. +Standing in the house-room, he could +see her head as she stooped to unload +the straw.</p> +<p>In a moment she came in, her shoes +clattering on the floor. The perspiration +stood in great beads on her forehead, +and showed how little she had +deserved his reproach. She sat down +silently, avoiding his eyes; but he +thought nothing of this. It was no +new thing. It pleased him, if anything.</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_111' name='page_111'></a>111</span></div> +<p>“Well, my Jeanne,” he said, in his +gibing tone, “are you longing for my +news?”</p> +<p>The hand she stretched out towards +the pitcher of cider, which, with black +bread and onions, formed their meal, +shook, but she answered simply: “If +you please, Michel.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:319px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_14' id='linki_14'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus112.jpg' alt='' title='' width='319' height='518' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“Well, the</span> Girondins have been +beaten, my girl, and are flying all over +the country. +That is the +news. Master +Pierre is among +them, I do not +doubt, if he has +not been killed +already. I wish +he would come +this way.”</p> +<p>“Why?” she +asked, suddenly +looking up at +last, a flash of +light in her gray +eyes.</p> +<p>“Why?” he +repeated, grinning +across the +table at her, +“because he +would be worth +five crowns to +me. There is +five crowns, I +am told, on the +head of every +Girondin who +has been in +arms, my girl.”</p> +<p>The French +Revolution, it +will be understood, +was at +its height. The +more moderate and constitutional Republicans—the +Girondins, as they were +called—worsted in Paris by the Jacobins +and the mob, had lately tried to +raise the provinces against the capital, +and to this end had drawn together at +Caen, near the border of Brittany. +They had been defeated, however, and +the Jacobins, in this month of August, +were preparing to take a fearful vengeance +at once on them and the Royalists. +The Reign of Terror had begun. +Even to such a boor as this, +sitting over his black bread, the Revolution +had come home, and, in common +with many a thousand others, he wondered +what he could make of it.</p> +<p>The girl did not answer, even by the +look of contempt to which he had become +accustomed, and for which he +hated her; and he repeated, “Five +crowns! Ah, it is money, that is! <i>Mon +Dieu!</i>” Then, +with a sudden +exclamation, he +sprang up. +“What is that?” +he cried.</p> +<p>He had been +sitting with his +back to the +barn, but he +turned now so +as to face it. +Something had +startled him—a +rustling in the +straw behind +him. “What is +that?” he said +again, his hand +on the table, his +face lowering +and watchful.</p> +<p>The girl had +risen also; and, +as the last word +passed his lips, +sprang by him +with a low cry, +and aimed a +frantic blow +with her stool +at something +he could not +see.</p> +<p>“What is it?” he asked, recoiling.</p> +<p>“A rat!” she answered, breathless. +And she aimed another blow at it.</p> +<p>“Where?” he asked, fretfully. +“Where is it?” He snatched his stool, +too, and at that moment a rat darted +out of the straw, ran nimbly between +his legs, and plunged into a hole by +the door. He flung the wooden stool +after it; but, of course, in vain. “It +was a rat!” he said, as if before he +had doubted it.</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_112' name='page_112'></a>112</span></div> +<div class='figright' style='width:336px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_15' id='linki_15'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus113.jpg' alt='' title='' width='336' height='511' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“Thank God!”</span> she muttered. She +was shaking all over.</p> +<p>He stared at her in stupid wonder. +What did she mean? What had come +to her? “Have you had a sunstroke, +my girl?” he said, suspiciously.</p> +<p>Her nut-brown face was a shade less +brown than usual, but she met his +eyes boldly, and said: “No,” adding +an explanation which for the moment +satisfied him. But he did not sit down +again. When she went out he went +out also. And though, as she retired +slowly to the rye fields and work, she +repeatedly looked back at him, it was +always to find his eyes upon her. +When this had happened half a dozen +times, a thought struck him. “How +now?” he muttered. “The rat ran +out of the straw!”</p> +<p>Nevertheless he still stood gazing +after her, with a cunning look upon his +features, until she disappeared over the +edge of the rift, and then he crept back +to the door of the barn, and +stole in out of the sunlight into +the cool darkness of the raftered +building, across which a dozen +rays of light were shooting, +laden with dancing motes. Inside +he stood stock still until +he had regained the use of his +eyes, and then he began to peer +round him. In a moment he +found what he sought. Half +upon, and half hidden by, the +straw, lay a young man, in the +deep sleep of utter exhaustion. +His face, which bore traces of +more than common beauty, was +now white and pinched; his +hair hung dank about his forehead. +His clothes were in rags; +and his feet, bound up in pieces +torn at random from his blouse, +were raw and bleeding. For a +short while Michel Tellier bent +over him, remarking these +things with glistening eyes. +Then the peasant stole out +again. “It is five crowns!” he +muttered, blinking in the sunlight. +“Ha, ha! Five crowns!”</p> +<p>He looked round cautiously, +but could see no sign of +his wife; and after hesitating +and pondering a minute or two, +he took the path for Carbaix, his +native astuteness leading him to saunter +slowly along in his ordinary fashion. +After that the moorland about +the cottage lay seemingly deserted. +Thrice, at intervals, the girl dragged +home her load of straw, but each time +she seemed to linger in the barn no +longer than was necessary. Michel’s +absence, though it was unlooked-for, +raised no suspicion in her breast, for +he would frequently go down to the +village to spend the afternoon. The +sun sank lower, and the shadow of the +great monolith, which, standing on the +highest point of the moor, about a mile +away, rose gaunt and black against a +roseate sky, grew longer and longer; +and then, as twilight fell, the two coming +home met a few paces from the +cottage. He asked some questions +about the work she had been doing, +and she answered briefly. Then, silent +and uncommunicative, they went in together. +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_113' name='page_113'></a>113</span> +The girl set the bread and +cider on the table, and going to the +great black pot which had been simmering +all day upon the fire, poured +some broth into two pitchers. It did +not escape Michel’s frugal eye that +there was still a little broth left in the +bottom of the pot, and this induced a +new feeling in him—anger. When his +wife hailed him by a sign to the meal, +he went instead to the door, and fastened +it. Thence he went to the corner +and picked up the wood-chopper, and +armed with this came back to his seat.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:417px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_16' id='linki_16'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus114.jpg' alt='' title='' width='417' height='482' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>The girl watched</span> his movements first +with surprise, and then with secret terror. +The twilight was come, and the +cottage was almost dark, and she was +alone with him; or, if not alone, yet +with no one near who could help her. +Yet she met his grin of triumph bravely. +“What is this?” she said. “Why do +you want that?”</p> +<p>“For the rat,” he answered grimly, +his eyes on hers.</p> +<p>“Why not use your stool?” she strove +to murmur, her heart sinking.</p> +<p>“Not for this rat,” he answered. “It +might not do, my girl. Oh, I know +all about it,” he continued. “I have +been down to the village, and seen the +mayor, and he is coming up to fetch +him.” He nodded towards the partition, +and she knew that her secret was +known.</p> +<p>“It is Pierre,” she said, trembling +violently, and turning +first crimson and +then white.</p> +<p>“I know it, Jeanne. +It was excellent +of you! Excellent! +It is long since you +have done such a +day’s work.”</p> +<p>“You will not give +him up?”</p> +<p>“My faith, I +shall!” he answered, +affecting, and perhaps +really feeling, +wonder at her simplicity. +“He is five +crowns, girl! You +do not understand. +He is worth five +crowns, and the risk +nothing at all.”</p> +<p>If he had been +angry, or shown anything +of the fury of +the suspicious husband; +if he had been +about to do this out +of jealousy or revenge, +she would +have quailed before +him, though she had +done him no wrong, save the wrong +of mercy and pity. But his spirit was +too mean for the great passions; he +felt only the sordid ones, which to a +woman are the most hateful. And +instead of quailing, she looked at him +with flashing eyes. “I shall warn +him,” she said.</p> +<p>“It will not help him,” he answered, +sitting still, and feeling the edge of the +hatchet with his fingers.</p> +<p>“It will help him,” she retorted. +“He shall go. He shall escape before +they come.”</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_114' name='page_114'></a>114</span></div> +<p>“I have locked the doors!”</p> +<p>“Give me the key!” she panted. +“Give me the key, I say!” She had +risen and was standing before him, her +figure drawn to its full height. He +rose hastily and retreated behind the +table, still retaining the hatchet in his +grasp.</p> +<p>“Stand back!” he said, sullenly. +“You may awaken him, if you please, +my girl. It will not avail him. Do +you not understand, fool, that he is +worth five crowns? And listen! It is +too late now. They are here!”</p> +<p>A blow fell on the door as he spoke, +and he stepped towards it. But at that +despair moved her, and she threw herself +upon him, and for a moment +wrestled with him. At last, with an +effort he flung her off, and, brandishing +his weapon in her face, kept her at +bay. “You vixen!” he cried, savagely, +retreating to the door, with a pale +cheek and his eyes still on her, for he +was an arrant coward. “You deserve +to go to prison with him, you jade! I +will have you in the stocks for this!”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:458px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_17' id='linki_17'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus115.jpg' alt='' title='' width='458' height='336' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>She leaned against</span> the wall where +she had fallen, her white, despairing +face seeming +almost to shine +in the darkness +of the wretched +room. Meanwhile +the continuous +murmur +of men’s +voices outside +could now be +heard, mingled +with the ring +of weapons; +and the summons +for admission +was +again and again +repeated, as if +those without +had no mind +to be kept +waiting.</p> +<p>“Patience! patience! I am opening!” +he cried. Still keeping his face +to her, he unlocked the door and called +on the men to enter. “He is in the +straw, M. le Mayor!” he cried in a +tone of triumph, his eyes still on his +wife. “He will give you no trouble, I +will answer for it! But first give me +my five crowns, mayor. My five +crowns!”</p> +<p>He still felt so much fear of his wife +that he did not turn to see the men +enter, and was taken by surprise when +a voice at his elbow—a strange voice—said, +“Five crowns, my friend? For +what, may I ask?”</p> +<p>In his eagerness and excitement he +suspected nothing, but thought only +that the mayor had sent a deputy. +“For what? For the Girondin!” he +answered, rapidly. Then at last he +turned and found that half-a-dozen +men had entered, and that more were +entering. To his astonishment, they +were all strangers to him—men with +stern, gloomy faces, and armed to the +teeth. There was something so formidable +in their appearance that his +voice faltered as he added: “But +where is the mayor, gentlemen? I do +not see him.”</p> +<p>No one answered, but in silence the +last of the men—there were eleven in +all—entered and bolted the door behind +him. Michel Tellier peered at +them in the gloom with growing alarm. +In return the tallest of the strangers, +who had entered first and seemed to be +in command, looked round keenly. At +length this man spoke. “So you have +a Girondin here, have you?” he said, +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_115' name='page_115'></a>115</span> +his voice curiously sweet and sonorous.</p> +<p>“I was to have five crowns for him,” +Michel muttered dubiously.</p> +<p>“Oh! Pétion,” continued the spokesman +to one of his companions, “can +you kindle a light? It strikes me that +we have hit upon a dark place.”</p> +<p>The man addressed took something +from his pouch. For a moment there +was silence, broken only by the sharp +sound of the flint striking the steel. +Then a sudden glare lit up the dark +interior, and disclosed the group of +cloaked strangers standing about the +door, the light gleaming back from +their muskets and cutlasses. Michel +trembled. He had never seen such +men as these before. True, they were +wet and travel-stained, and had the +air of those who spend their nights in +ditches and under haystacks. But their +pale, stern faces were set in indomitable +resolve. Their eyes glowed with +a steady fire, and they trod as kings +tread. Their leader was a man of majestic +height and beauty, and in his +eyes alone there seemed to lurk a spark +of some lighter fire, as if his spirit still +rose above the task which had sobered +his companions. Michel noted all this +in fear and bewilderment; noted the +white head and yet vigorous bearing +of the man who had struck the light; +noted even the manner in which the +light died away in the dim recesses of +the barn.</p> +<p>“And this Girondin—is he in hiding +here?” said the tall man.</p> +<p>“That is so,” Michel answered. +“But I had nothing to do with hiding +him, citizen. It was my wife hid +him in the straw there.”</p> +<p>“And you gave +notice of his presence +to the authorities?” +continued +the stranger, raising +his hand to repress +some movement +among his +followers.</p> +<p>“Certainly, or +you would not have +been here,” replied +Michel, better satisfied +with himself.</p> +<p>The answer struck him down with +an awful terror. “That does not follow,” +said the tall man, coolly, “for we +are Girondins!”</p> +<p>“You are?”</p> +<p>“Without doubt,” the other answered, +with majestic simplicity; “or +there are no such persons. This is +Pétion, and this Citizen Buzot. Have +you heard of Louvet? There he +stands. For me, I am Barbaroux.”</p> +<p>Michel’s tongue seemed glued to +the roof of his mouth. He could not +utter a word. But another could. On +the far side of the barrier a sudden +rustling was heard, and while all +turned to look—but with what different +feelings—the pale face of the +youth over whom Michel had bent in +the afternoon appeared above the partition. +A smile of joyful recognition +effaced for the time the lines of exhaustion. +The young man, clinging +for support to the planks, uttered a +cry of thankfulness. “It is you! It +is really you! You are safe!” he exclaimed.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:274px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_18' id='linki_18'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus116.jpg' alt='' title='' width='274' height='207' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“We are safe,</span> all of us, Pierre,” Barbaroux +answered. “And now”—and +he turned to Michel Tellier with sudden +thunder in his voice—“this man +whom you would have betrayed is our +guide, let me tell you, whom we lost +last night. Speak, man, in your defence, +if you can. Say what you have +to say why justice shall not be done +upon you, miserable caitiff, who would +have sold a man’s life for a few pieces +of silver!”</p> +<p>The wretched peasant’s knees trembled, +and the perspiration stood upon +his brow. He heard the voice as the +voice of a judge. He looked in the +stern eyes of the +Girondins, and +read only anger +and vengeance. +Then he caught in +the silence the +sound of his wife +weeping, for at +Pierre’s appearance +she had broken +into wild sobbing, +and he spoke +out of the base instincts +of his heart.</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_116' name='page_116'></a>116</span></div> +<p>“He was her lover,” he muttered. “I +swear it, citizens.”</p> +<p>“He lies!” cried the man at the barrier, +his face transfigured with rage. +“I loved her, it is true, but it was +before her old father sold her to this +Judas. For what he would have you +believe now, my friends, it is false. I, +too, swear it.”</p> +<p>A murmur of execration broke from +the group of Girondins. Barbaroux +repressed it by a gesture. “What do +you say of this man?” he asked, turning +to them, his voice deep and solemn.</p> +<p>“He is not fit to live!” they +answered in chorus.</p> +<p>The poor coward screamed as he +heard the words, and, flinging himself +on the ground, he embraced Barbaroux’s +knees in a paroxysm of terror. +But the judge did not look at him. +Barbaroux turned, instead, to Pierre +Bounat. “What do you say of him?” +he asked.</p> +<p>“He is not fit to live,” said the young +man solemnly, his breath coming quick +and fast.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:339px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_19' id='linki_19'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus117.jpg' alt='' title='' width='339' height='474' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“And you?”</span> Barbaroux continued, +turning and looking with his eyes of +fire at the wife, his voice gentle, and +yet more solemn.</p> +<p>A moment before she had ceased to +weep, and had stood up listening and +gazing, awe and wonder in her face. +Barbaroux had to repeat his question +before she answered. Then she said, +“He is not fit to die.”</p> +<p>There was silence for a moment, +broken only by the entreaties of the +wretch on the floor. At last Barbaroux +spoke. “She has said rightly,” he +pronounced. “He shall live. They +have put us out of the law and set a +price on our heads; but we will keep +the law. He shall live. But, hark +you,” the great orator continued, in +tones which Michel never forgot, “if a +whisper escape you as to our presence +here, or our names, or if you wrong +your wife by word or deed, the life she +has saved shall pay for it.</p> +<p>“Remember!” he added, shaking +Michel to and fro with a finger, “the +arm of Barbaroux is long, and though +I be a hundred leagues away, I shall +know and I shall punish. So, beware! +Now rise, and live!”</p> +<p>The miserable man cowered back to +the wall, frightened to the core of his +heart. The Girondins conferred a while +in whispers, two of their number assisting +Pierre to cross the barrier. Suddenly +there came—and Michel trembled +anew as he heard it—a loud +knocking at the door. All started and +stood listening and waiting. A voice +outside cried: “Open! open! in the +name of the law!”</p> +<p>“We have lingered too long,” Barbaroux +muttered. “I should have +thought of this. It is the Mayor of Carbaix +come to apprehend our friend.”</p> +<p>Again the Girondins conferred +together. At last, seeming +to arrive at a conclusion, +they ranged themselves on +either side of the door, and +one of their number opened it. +A short, stout man, girt with +a tricolor sash, and wearing +a huge sword, entered with an +air of authority—being blinded +by the light he saw nothing +out of the common—and was +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_117' name='page_117'></a>117</span> +followed by four men armed with +muskets.</p> +<p>Their appearance produced an extraordinary +effect on Michel Tellier. +As they one by one crossed the threshold, +the peasant leaned forward, his +face flushed, his eyes gleaming, and +counted them. They were only five. +And the others were twelve. He fell +back, and from that moment his belief +in the Girondins’ power was clinched.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:431px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_20' id='linki_20'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus118.jpg' alt='' title='' width='431' height='531' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“In the name</span> of the law!” panted +the mayor. “Why did you not—” +Then he stopped abruptly, his mouth +remaining open. He found himself +surrounded by a group of grim, silent +mutes, with arms in their hands, and +in a twinkling it flashed into his mind +that these were the eleven chiefs of +the Girondins, whom he had been +warned to keep watch for. He had +come to catch a pigeon and had caught +a crow. He turned pale and his eyes +dropped. “Who are—who are these +gentlemen?” he stammered, in a ludicrously +altered tone.</p> +<p>“Some volunteers of Quumpen, returning +home,” replied Barbaroux, with +ironical smoothness.</p> +<p>“You have your papers, citizens?” +the mayor asked, mechanically; and +he took a step back towards the door, +and looked over his shoulder.</p> +<p>“Here they +are!” said Pétion +rudely, thrusting +a packet into his +hands. “They +are in order.”</p> +<p>The mayor +took them, and +longing only to +see the outside +of the door, pretended +to look +through them, +his little heart +going pit-a-pat +within him. +“They seem to +be in order,” he +assented, feebly. +“I need not +trouble you further, +citizens. I +came here under +a misapprehension, +I find, and +I wish you a good +journey.”</p> +<p>He knew, as +he backed out, +that he was cutting +a poor figure. +He would +fain have made +a more dignified +retreat. But before +these men, fugitives and outlaws +as they were, he felt, though he was +Mayor of Carbaix, almost as small a +man as did Michel Tellier. These were +the men of the Revolution. They had +bearded nobles and pulled down kings. +There was Barbaroux, who had grappled +with Marat; and Pétion, the Mayor +of the Bastille. The little Mayor +of Carbaix knew greatness when he saw +it. He turned tail, and hurried back +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_118' name='page_118'></a>118</span> +to his fireside, his body-guard not a +whit behind him.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_21' id='linki_21'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus119a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='439' height='454' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>Five minutes later the men he feared +and envied came out also, and went +their way, passing in single file into the +darkness which brooded over the great +monolith; beginning, brave hearts, +another of the few stages which still +lay between them and the guillotine. +Then in the cottage there remained +only Michel and Jeanne. She sat by +the dying embers, silent, and lost in +thought. He leaned against the wall, +his eyes roving ceaselessly, but always +when his gaze met hers it fell. Barbaroux +had conquered him. It was +not until Jeanne had risen to close the +door, and he was alone, that he wrung +his hands, and muttered: “Five crowns! +Five crowns gone and wasted!”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_22' id='linki_22'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus119b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='581' height='281' /> +<br /> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_119' name='page_119'></a>119</span> +<a name='HUMAN_DOCUMENTS' id='HUMAN_DOCUMENTS'></a> +<h2>“HUMAN DOCUMENTS.”</h2> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Facing this pastel, in an opposite corner of the room, another little thing full of +sadness catches my eye, despite the deepening twilight. It is a yellow-stained photograph +hung on the wall in a simple, wooden frame. It is the young Prince Imperial, +who was killed in Africa a dozen years ago, but is shown here as a mere child in +knee breeches. An odd, but touching, fancy it was of the Empress Eugenie to place +this souvenir of her son, the last of the Napoleons, in the very room where that other +one was born, the giant who shook the earth....</i></p> +<p><i>How strange and startling it will be a century or two hence for our descendants +to turn over the photographs of their ancestors!... The portraits left by our +forefathers, expressive though they may be, whether painted or engraved, can never +produce in us an impression equally vivid; but photographs are the very reflections +of living beings, fixing their precise attitudes, their gestures, their most fleeting +expressions. What a curious thing it will be, what an awe-inspiring thing for +future generations to study our faces when we shall have fallen into the dead +past!...</i>—A fragment from Loti’s “Book of Pity and of Death.”</p> +</blockquote> +<h3>BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.</h3> +<p><span class='smcap'>Edward Everett Hale</span>, clergyman and +author, born in Boston in 1822, was graduated +at Harvard in 1839. While a clergyman, he +is perhaps best known to the world as a philanthropist +and an author. He has written short +stories, novels, juvenile books, works of travel, +essays, biography, and history, besides giving +much time to his pastoral duties, to preaching, +lecturing, and the organization of charities. He +founded the magazine “Old and New,” afterward +merged in “Scribner’s” (now “The Century”). +Two of his short stories, “My +Double, and How He Undid Me,” and “The +Man Without a Country,” are classics.</p> +<p><span class='smcap'>Henri Adolphe Stephan Opper</span>, known to +the world as <span class='smcap'>M. de Blowitz</span>, born at Blowitz, +Bohemia, on December 28, 1825, migrated to +France in 1848, and became engaged as professor +of the German language and literature at +the Lycée of Tours. Here he remained till 1860, +when he left to fill, successively, similar posts at +Limoges, Poictiers, and Marseilles. He married +the daughter of a paymaster of the French +Marine. It was not till 1871 that he became a +naturalized Frenchman, and, after the French +defeat by the Germans, he was a confidant and +emissary of both Gambetta and Thiers. His +entrance into journalism was as the collaborateur +of Lawrence Oliphant, the special correspondent +of the “London Times” at Versailles. +On Oliphant’s retirement, M. de Blowitz was +promoted by the editor of the “Times,” to fill +his place. The subsequent career of the great +correspondent has been identified with some of +the most striking episodes in modern politics +and journalism.</p> +<p><span class='smcap'>Daniel Vierge Urrabieta</span>, born in Madrid, +1852, became a student of the Fine Arts +Academy of Madrid in 1865. In 1869 he went +to Paris and began his career of illustrator. In +1881 he was stricken by an attack of paralysis, +which it was feared would be fatal. But for the +last four or five years he has been growing +steadily better in health, and has been able to +resume his brilliant work. Although but little +known to the public at large, he ranks among +the most original and striking of modern artists, +and is without doubt at the head of the illustrators.</p> +<p><span class='smcap'>Thomas Alva Edison</span>, born at Alva, Ohio, +February 11, 1847, had no schooling except the +attrition of life. At the age of fifteen, having +been taught telegraphy, he graduated from the +life of a train newsboy into that of an operator, +and, during several years of wandering, acquired +extraordinary skill. The study of theory ran +<i>æquo pede</i> with executive work. He quickly +invented the automatic repeater to transfer messages +from one to another wire. It is needless +to touch upon his further achievements which +have made his name famous in the whole civilized +world.</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_120' name='page_120'></a>120</span></div> +<h3>EDWARD EVERETT HALE.</h3> +<div class='figleft' style='width:212px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_23' id='linki_23'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus121a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='212' height='244' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +FROM AN OLD DAGUERREOTYPE.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:335px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_24' id='linki_24'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus121b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='335' height='393' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 37. 1859.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figleft' style='width:188px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_25' id='linki_25'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus121c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='188' height='248' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 39. 1861.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figleft' style='width:189px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_26' id='linki_26'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus121d.jpg' alt='' title='' width='189' height='247' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +FROM AN UNDATED DAGUERREOTYPE TAKEN BEFORE 1855.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:157px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_27' id='linki_27'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus121e.jpg' alt='' title='' width='157' height='377' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 43. 1865.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figleft' style='width:279px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_28' id='linki_28'></a> +</div> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_121' name='page_121'></a>121</span> +<img src='images/illus122a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='279' height='395' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +MR. HALE AND HIS CHILDREN IN 1869.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:220px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_29' id='linki_29'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus122b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='220' height='311' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 48. 1870.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_30' id='linki_30'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus122c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='426' height='420' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +MR. HALE IN 1888.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_122' name='page_122'></a>122</span></div> +<h3 style='clear: both'>M. DE BLOWITZ.</h3> +<div class='figleft' style='width:177px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_31' id='linki_31'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus123a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='177' height='392' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +1866.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:246px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_32' id='linki_32'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus123b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='246' height='364' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +1875. PARIS.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figleft' style='width:187px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_33' id='linki_33'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus123c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='187' height='387' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +1884. CONSTANTINOPLE. TAKEN IN THE COSTUME IN WHICH HE INTERVIEWED THE SULTAN.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:277px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_34' id='linki_34'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus123d.jpg' alt='' title='' width='277' height='305' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +M. DE BLOWITZ AT THE PRESENT DAY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_123' name='page_123'></a>123</span></div> +<h3 style='clear: both'>DANIEL VIERGE URRABIETA.</h3> +<div class='figleft' style='width:167px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_35' id='linki_35'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus124a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='167' height='503' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 13. 1865.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:239px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_36' id='linki_36'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus124b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='239' height='506' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 17. 1869. MADRID.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figleft' style='width:214px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_37' id='linki_37'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus124c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='214' height='287' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 19. 1871. PARIS.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:241px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_38' id='linki_38'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus124d.jpg' alt='' title='' width='241' height='291' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +VIERGE IN 1890.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_124' name='page_124'></a>124</span></div> +<h3 style='clear: both'>THOMAS ALVA EDISON.</h3> +<div class='figleft' style='width:250px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_39' id='linki_39'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus125a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='250' height='308' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 3. 1850.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figright' style='width:267px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_40' id='linki_40'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus125b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='267' height='313' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 13. 1860.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_41' id='linki_41'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus125c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='526' height='366' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 31. 1878. EDISON AND THE FIRST PHONOGRAPH.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_42' id='linki_42'></a> +</div> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_125' name='page_125'></a>125</span> +<img src='images/illus126.jpg' alt='' title='' width='580' height='304' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +AGE 44. 1891. EDISON AND THE IMPROVED PHONOGRAPH.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_43' id='linki_43'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus126b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='446' height='493' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +EDISON AT THE PRESENT DAY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_126' name='page_126'></a>126</span> +<a name='WILD_BEASTS_HOW_THEY_ARE_TRANSPORTED_AND_TRAINED__BY_RAYMOND_BLATHWAYT' id='WILD_BEASTS_HOW_THEY_ARE_TRANSPORTED_AND_TRAINED__BY_RAYMOND_BLATHWAYT'></a> +<h2>WILD BEASTS. +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcaplc'>HOW THEY ARE TRANSPORTED AND TRAINED.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_44' id='linki_44'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus127.png' alt='' title='' width='512' height='372' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>Few of those people who go to a +menagerie realize what an immense +undertaking it is to transport wild +beasts from the land of their birth and +of their freedom to the land of their +imprisonment, and, too frequently, of +their death. I will ask my readers +to picture for themselves an African +desert blazing beneath a burning sun. +Across the weary waste of sand a long +column of men and animals is wending +its slow way. As it draws nearer +we see that it is a caravan of wild +animals on their way from the interior +to the seaboard. And as it passes us, +the vast mass of living creatures, as in +a chemical process, slowly dissolves +itself into distinct particles and individualities. +Let us regard them carefully. +In the first place we notice a +procession of fourteen stately giraffes, +then come five elephants, a huge rhinoceros, +four wild buffaloes bellowing +sadly after the mates they have forever +left behind. Then there go lumbering +by a number of enormous carts +or wagons, in which are safely confined +thirty hyenas, five leopards, six +lions, two chetahs, sixteen antelopes, +two lynxes, one serval, one wardbob, +twenty smaller carnivorous animals, +four African ant-eaters, and forty-five +monkeys. And then there come slowly +prancing by, wary, restless, cunning, +twenty-six ostriches. There are twenty +boxes of birds, from which sounds of +shrill screaming are constantly proceeding. +There are upwards of a hundred +Abyssinian goats scattered here +and there in the procession. These are +to give milk for the young animals, and +to serve as food and meat for the old. +The caravan is on its way through the +desert to Suakim, which is the first +shipping place for Europe. There are +no less than a hundred and twenty +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_127' name='page_127'></a>127</span> +camels in it, which are required to +carry the food for this caravan, and +there are upwards of a hundred and +sixty drivers in the procession. It +takes the caravans upwards of thirty-six +days to cover the distance which +lies between Cassala in the interior of +Nubia and the port of Suakim, for +which they are bound. The same +journey is usually performed by quick +post camels in twelve days.</p> +<p>This is the exact account of a caravan +which Karl Hagenbeck told me he +brought across the desert in the year +1870. “It is tremendously anxious +work,” said he, “the +transportation of these +animals across sea and +land. The amount of +water which we have to +carry with us in goats’ +hides upon camels’ backs +is prodigious, for nothing +would be more awful +than to run short of water +in the middle of the +desert, and to be surrounded +by a number of +wild beasts, maddened +with heat and unquenchable +thirst. The principal +food for the young +elephants and rhinoceroses +on the way home +is a fruit called nabeck, +that is, a kind of cherry +of which they are very +fond. Giraffes and antelopes +and ostriches are +provided with the doura +corn that grows in the interior. All +these bigger animals walk, and as they +jog along my people feed them occasionally +with hard ship biscuit, which +appears to sustain them well through +the journey. At four o’clock every +morning the caravan strikes its tents +and begins its march. They go plodding +along till ten o’clock, when the +day becomes too hot for further progress.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:191px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_45' id='linki_45'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus128.png' alt='' title='' width='191' height='353' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +KARL HAGENBECK.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“But do the</span> animals never attempt +to escape?” said I.</p> +<p>“Well, not often,” replied Karl +Hagenbeck; “but,” he added, with a +hearty laugh of recollection, “I remember +that once, in that very year +1870, of which I have just been telling +you, the whole of the ostriches, twenty-six +in number, ran away just as we +were getting them into the railway +station at Suakim. Away they went, +heading straight for the desert. I +never was in such a dreadful fix in my +life. At last it struck me that it +would be a good plan to drive all the +goats and camels towards them; we +did so, and, when the ostriches saw +them advancing, they formed themselves +into a flock, and we drove the +whole lot into the station. The birds +were caught one by one and put into +the cars. That was the +last transport, by-the-by, +that poor Casanova ever +brought over. Indeed, +he died at Alexandria in +the very midst of the +whole business, and we +buried him on the evening +of his death. It was +a dreadful time, and +everything appeared to +be against us, for at the +very moment of his +death, just as we were +getting the animals on +board ship, a fearful +earthquake shook the +whole land. I thought +there was something +about to happen, for the +animals were very uneasy, +the birds were +twittering, the monkeys +were chattering and +trembling, the lions +were roaring constantly, the elephants +were deafening with their long trumpetings. +Suddenly I felt the steamer +quivering from stem to stern. The +sea was tossing, the sun was hidden +behind a thick yellow mist. I looked +toward the land where the minarets +were toppling down, and where the +greatest horror and confusion appeared +to prevail, and all the while poor Casanova +lay dead or dying below. I +shall never forget that awful morning.</p> +<p>“We had had the greatest possible +difficulty just before, too, for at Suakim +the railway people had told us +that we had too many wagons, and +that they would not transport us any +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_128' name='page_128'></a>128</span> +farther. However, I soon settled that +by going up to the directors of the +railway and demanding from them an +express train immediately; ‘for,’ said +I, ‘these animals are for the Emperor +of Austria,’ and to prove this I showed +them a great document sealed by the +emperor himself.”</p> +<h3>ADVENTURES WITH ESCAPED ANIMALS.</h3> +<p>“On another occasion I was journeying +through Suez with a giraffe which +for five months had been living in the +German Consul’s garden. I was leading +it to the station when it suddenly +took fright and ran away. For four +long, weary miles I hung on to the +wretched beast, but at last I was obliged +to drop the rope and let it go. A smart +little Nubian boy then took up the +chase; he got hold of the rope and +eventually tied it round a tree, and +after a while we led the animal quietly +back to the station.</p> +<p>“But one of the most alarming adventures +that ever overtook me whilst +I was transporting animals was that +which occurred once when twelve elephants +broke away from me and +rushed through the streets of Vienna. +The whole twelve had been deposited +in a <i>dépôt</i>, where they had to rest for +two days. I was taking +six of the elephants to +lead them to the station, +and when my back was +turned and I was engaged +with these six elephants, +the other six +stealthily and quietly +pulled up the iron rings +by which they were fastened +to the ground, +trumpeted loudly, and, +before I knew what had +happened, the twelve +animals were rushing +through the streets of +Vienna. At last, after +a long chase, I caught +the biggest elephant, and led it to the +station, the others following quietly +enough. But my troubles were not +over yet, for I hardly got the first four +into a railway van when the others +began to howl. The four elephants in +the train plunged and kicked about, +and at last they broke their ropes and +ran out of the van, followed by all +the others, and into the open streets. +Then began another hunt up the big +fashionable streets, down little courts +and alleys, once after one which ran +into a big shop, all over a big park, +and this went on for three hours, until, +at last, greatly to my relief, I got them +safely into the station and packed into +the vans for their journey.”</p> +<h3>WILD ANIMALS ABOARD SHIP.</h3> +<p>“Perhaps the most difficult part of +transportation, notwithstanding all the +adventures I have had on land, is the +getting the big animals on board ship. +Take elephants for instance. They +are placed in barges and then they are +slung up in big slings on to the steamer. +This is very difficult and very anxious +work, for very often they are killed by +the breaking of their necks or their +legs. And then again, once they are +on board ship, it is very difficult to +bring elephants alive to Europe. They +suffer dreadfully from sea-sickness, and +cannot eat. Some of them are put between +decks, and some of them have +stables fitted up for them on deck.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:389px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_46' id='linki_46'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus129.png' alt='' title='' width='389' height='257' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“I remember once</span> that Casanova left +Africa with a cargo of forty elephants, +thirteen only of which reached Trieste +alive, and only twelve came here to +me in Hamburg. On one occasion, in +1881 I think it was, I was bringing +over a large cargo of forty-two ostriches +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_129' name='page_129'></a>129</span> +from the Somali country. We +were going through the Red Sea, when +suddenly a violent storm broke upon +us. It was pitch dark on deck, but I +went below to look at my birds, and +by the dim light of the lantern, and +the flash of lightning that every now +and again lit up the whole of the ship, +I saw that the poor creatures were +swaying to and fro, and that they were +in the greatest possible discomfort. +That night more than thirty of them +broke their legs, and the next day we +had to throw their bodies into the sea, +and out of the forty-two I brought only +nine home to Europe. But perhaps +one of the most dangerous adventures +that I ever had in transporting wild +beasts was in 1871. I was taking a +rhinoceros from the East India Docks +to the Zoölogical Gardens in London. +To do this I had to take it and lead it +through the docks on a flat trolly. At +last we got the beast hoisted on a +wagon, and fastened by all four legs. +Suddenly an engine drove by. The +animal became hideously frightened, +his eyes rolled white, then red. He +then planted his horn under the seat +upon which the man who was driving +the wagon was seated. Away went +the man, away went the seat, clean +over the three horses. They in their +turn became dreadfully frightened, too, +and bolted. I hit the beast as hard as +ever I could with a rope. We managed +to tie another rope round his +neck and fastened it down, and at last +we got him safely down the Commercial +Road, and then settled in some +stables. I had a big box made for +him, and at last conveyed him safely +to his destination; but I wouldn’t go +through that experience again for a +million of money.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:422px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_47' id='linki_47'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus130.png' alt='' title='' width='422' height='270' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“I was once</span> +bringing home a +full-grown alligator,” +continued Mr. +Hagenbeck, smiling +at the thought +of the adventure +of which he was +about to tell me, +“and I was travelling +on a passenger +ship. One morning +a most amusing +incident occurred, +but one which all +the same might +have been attended +with serious +consequences. I had paid my usual +morning visit to my travelling companion, +and had seen to his supply of food +and water, and having assured myself +that he was quite comfortable and well +looked after, I retired to my cabin to +lie down, the day being very hot. Suddenly +I heard a great tramping overhead +and the screaming of women and +children. I could not think what was +the matter, so I ran up on deck; as I +went I passed a number of people +rushing down the companion way. +The male passengers were on the captain’s +deck; the sailors were climbing +the rigging as fast as they could. The +deck was perfectly clear. In the midst +of the empty deck stood my alligator, +the innocent cause of this sudden commotion, +with gently smiling jaws, looking +wonderingly on. After a good +long time and much difficulty I got +the beast into his own habitation.”</p> +<h3>TRAINING OF WILD BEASTS.</h3> +<p>It is told of the mad King of Bavaria, +that he used frequently to command +great theatrical entertainments +at which he himself was the only spectator. +A similar experience befell +myself when I was visiting Hamburg. +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_130' name='page_130'></a>130</span> +For Mr. Karl Hagenbeck, at my special +request, and with great good +nature, gave two full performances +in my honor, at which, like the mad +Bavarian monarch, I was the only +spectator. In the first performance +only very young animals took part, +but as they had been working since +last January year, they were pretty +well up to all the little tricks they had +been taught. My readers will imagine +a great circle carefully railed off from +the outside world by iron bars. Round +this circle, upon a number of little +stands, sat the performing animals, +waiting to take their respective +“turns,” as they say in the music +halls; in the midst of the circle sat +myself, with a beautiful little baby +lion on my knee, which amused itself +by playing with my watch chain and +handkerchief. Two little tigers which +got tired of sitting still suddenly +jumped down from their perches and +ran up to play with me and the baby +lion. A young lion on another perch +yawned so loud that we all, animals +and men, looked up to see what was +the matter. Mr. Hagenbeck walked +round the circle, stroking the animals, +most of which affectionately kissed +him as he passed.</p> +<h3>YOUNG ANIMALS AT SCHOOL.</h3> +<p>At this moment Mr. Mellermann, +who is one of the finest wild beast +trainers in the world, entered the circle +with his whip in his hand, which, as he +entered, he cracked smartly, causing the +animals to spring sharply to attention +upon their little seats. Karl Hagenbeck +introduced me to Mr. Mellermann, +who is indeed his own brother-in-law as +well as being his trainer.</p> +<p>“What is your rule of training, Mr. +Mellermann?” said I.</p> +<p>“Kindness and coolness and firmness,” +he replied, “as you will see in +this performance. Come on, pussies,” +he continued, “show this gentleman +how you can run round the circle.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_48' id='linki_48'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus133.png' alt='' title='' width='836' height='570' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>The pussies, as he called them, fairly +big tigers as I should have considered +them, unwillingly crept off their seats, +growling not a little. Mr. Mellermann +cracked his whip smartly, but did not +hit them. The animals then began to +run very prettily round and round the +circle. So well did they do their little +tricks that Mr. Mellermann said: “Now +you shall have some sugar, you have +been very good.” He placed in my +hand a few lumps of sugar which I myself +gave to them, greatly to their +pleasure. Then a pyramid was formed +by some young tigers, some lions, a +couple of ponies, and four young goats. +The pyramid itself consisted of a small +double ladder upon the steps of which +the animals somewhat nervously took +their places, and upon which they stood +gazing quietly down upon us, until +they were told that they might go back +to their places. After a while, when +school was over, the goats and ponies +left the arena, and then the door of a +big cage, which gave upon the circle, +was thrown wide open. It was pretty +to see the little lions and tigers running +home, for all the world like an +infant school dismissed to play. The +pretty creatures gambolled about for a +short while in their cage, and then lay +down to rest.</p> +<h3>A WONDERFUL PERFORMANCE.</h3> +<p>“And now,” said Mr. Hagenbeck, +“the older animals are coming in to do +their performance.”</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_131' name='page_131'></a>131</span></div> +<div class='figleft' style='width:188px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_49' id='linki_49'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus134.png' alt='' title='' width='188' height='356' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>Several attendants</span> entered the building +as he spoke; for to handle a large +number of fully grown wild animals is +no light matter. The first animals to +come rushing into the arena were a +number of huge German boar-hounds—great +affectionate beasts they were, too. +I patted one of them as he passed me, +and he reared himself on his hind legs, +threw his forepaws round my neck, +and delightedly covered my face with +kisses. Each boar-hound on entering +the circle went to his own allotted +place with all the sense of a human +being. A few moments afterwards a +door was thrown open, and in walked +the lions and tigers. Splendid big +beasts these last were. Some looked +very good-tempered, although it is to +be acknowledged that one tiger had +evidently got out of bed the wrong +side, whilst a lion that had arrived +comparatively recently from Nubia +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_132' name='page_132'></a>132</span> +evinced now and again a strong disposition +to rebel against the novel circumstances +in which he found himself +placed. Three bears then walked in—a +polar bear, a sloth bear, and a black +bear, the latter causing much amusement +by quietly entering on its hind +legs. Then came a couple of elephants, +a camel, four ponies, several goats, and +last of all a big, sleepy sheep, which +seemed to be on particularly intimate +terms with one of the lions.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:270px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_50' id='linki_50'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus135.png' alt='' title='' width='270' height='299' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>One of the</span> most remarkable things +that I noticed in Karl Hagenbeck’s +menagerie is the marvellous unity and +loving-kindness which is brought to +pass amongst his animals. They are +fondling and playing with each other +the whole day long. Like the younger +animals, they took their seats upon the +rickety pedestals which are provided +for them. It was a wonder to me how +such huge beasts were able to balance +themselves so easily and comfortably +as they did upon such small and slender +supports. One of them, however, +came to grief in a most amusing manner. +The human beings were standing +talking together in the middle of the +circle, when suddenly a loud crash and +an indignant howl was heard. We all +turned to see what was the matter, as +did also the wild beasts themselves; +one of the lions had suddenly tumbled +down off his perch, or rather the perch +had fallen with him, and there he lay, +more startled than hurt, wondering +what on earth had happened. It was +partly his own fault, poor dear fellow, +for he had fallen asleep whilst waiting +for the performance to begin, and so +lost his balance. +But his look of +indignant surprise +was so ludicrously +human that none +of us could help +laughing. However, +both he and +his pedestal were +speedily reinstated +in their former position, and a lump +of sugar soon restored him to his usual +tranquillity of spirit.</p> +<p>“And will the animals be arranged +round the Chicago circus like this, +Mr. Hagenbeck?” said I.</p> +<p>“Everything will be exactly as you +see it to-day,” he replied. “Perhaps, +if anything, on a bigger scale.”</p> +<p>At this moment the band struck up +a stirring tune, on hearing which the +animals delightedly pricked their ears, +and all became life and animation at +once!</p> +<p>“My animals love music,” said Mr. +Hagenbeck, “and they perform twice as +well with a band as they do without.”</p> +<p>The first thing that took place was +the riding round the circus on a pony +by a full-grown lion. Round and +round they went. The pony spiritedly +enough; the lion, it must be confessed, +looking, as wild beasts generally do +when engaged in such performances, +rather a fool.</p> +<p>“The ponies and dogs were at first +dreadfully afraid of the lions and +tigers,” explained Mr. Hagenbeck, “but +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_133' name='page_133'></a>133</span> +they soon got over it. These two animals +were the rage of all Paris when I +was performing there a year or two +ago. Four ponies refused altogether, +but at last we managed to persuade +this one to accomplish the trick.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_51' id='linki_51'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus136.png' alt='' title='' width='520' height='225' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>“Has your brother-in-law never been +hurt by any of these animals?”</p> +<p>“Only once,” said he, “when he +tried to separate a dog and a tiger +which were fighting, and the dog bit +him. The dogs are frequently very +plucky, and sometimes attack the lions.”</p> +<p>The next feature in the programme +was that a tiger should ride round the +circus on a tricycle. A man rolled in +the tricycle, the tiger was called by +name to come down from his perch, +which he did slowly and unwillingly +enough. “For,” said Mr. Hagenbeck, +“he always hates this ride of his.” +Then the tiger sullenly mounted the +tricycle exactly as is shown in the +picture, growling frequently the whole +time; two of the boar-hounds walked +behind as footmen, the band struck up +a slow tune, the tiger set the tricycle +in motion, and slowly and solemnly +enough the little procession passed +round the circus. “Now,” said the +chief trainer, “I’ll show you how a +tiger can roll a ball along, standing +upon it the whole time.” Some trestles +were brought in, placed at equal +distances from each other, and a long +plank was laid across them, and then +there was placed upon it a huge +wooden ball. “Come on, Cæsar,” cried +Mr. Mellermann, “it’s your turn now.” +To our surprise a beautiful lion +jumped down from his pedestal and +ran gayly up to Mr. Mellermann. +“No, no, no, you dear old stupid,” +said the trainer, leading him back to +his perch; “I want Cæsar, not you.” +But all our persuasion couldn’t get +Cæsar the tiger to come down, so Mr. +Mellermann went boldly up to him +and gently flicked him with his whip. +Cæsar got slowly down, snarling and +growling the whole time. “Come on, +then, there’s a good fellow,” said Mr. +Mellermann, and after a while Cæsar +was persuaded to balance himself on +the ball which he rolled slowly along +the plank. Having done it once or +twice forwards and backwards, he was +allowed to return to his seat, which he +did with great joy and satisfaction. +Mr. Mellermann then went up to him, +told him he had been a good fellow, +and gave him a special bit of meat all +to himself. “I always do that,” said +he, coming back to where I was standing, +“when an animal has shown any +unwillingness to perform his tricks, for +there is nothing that encourages them +like kindness.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:282px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_52' id='linki_52'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus137.png' alt='' title='' width='282' height='307' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“Which animals</span> show the most +intelligence?” said I.</p> +<p>“Well,” replied Mr. Mellermann, “I +don’t think there is much difference +between them. Lions and tigers, males +and females, are equally clever; and,” +continued Mr. Mellermann, “I think it +is all rubbish to say that tigers are not +as affectionate or as easily tamed as +lions. Why, look here,” he continued, +going up to a splendid Royal Bengal +tiger which greeted him with a most +extravagant affection as he threw his +arms round the creature’s neck and drew +the great head down on a level with +his own, “you couldn’t get a more affectionate +beast than this is, I am sure.”</p> +<p>On this particular morning the animals +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_134' name='page_134'></a>134</span> +seemed to be a little flighty, +which Karl Hagenbeck explained to +me was owing to the fact that the +young animals were so close by, and +the old ones wanted to play with them. +Next, one of the bears was led forth to +walk on the tight rope, this appliance +really being a long narrow plank. Very +cleverly he balanced himself on his +hind legs, and walked, first forwards +and then backwards, with wonderful +skill and ease. The trainer walked +beside him, encouraging him now and +again with the words, “Steady, John, +steady,” treating him, indeed, exactly +as he would treat a boy at school. In +the middle of his performance a loud +snarling and growling was suddenly +heard; a tiger and a leopard had begun +quarrelling, and, as the leopard had +been behaving very badly the whole +morning, and distracting the attention +of the school, he was sent back to his +den in disgrace. Meanwhile the bear +retired to his pedestal and sat down +upon it with a graceful and self-satisfied +air. “That bear very much +pleased the Emperor of Austria and +the King of Bavaria when they came +here some years ago,” said Mr. Hagenbeck, +and then he took a beautiful silver +cigar-case out of his pocket, from +which he offered me a very fine weed. +This cigar-case, he told me, had been +given him on that memorable occasion +by the King of Bavaria himself.</p> +<div class='figleft' style='width:274px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_53' id='linki_53'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus138.png' alt='' title='' width='274' height='360' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>Then a see-saw</span> was constructed in +the middle of the circus, upon one end +of which stood a lion, and upon the +other end of which stood a tiger. A +bear standing in the middle preserved +the peace between them. Two leopards +stood on guard on either side, +and then the bear set the see-saw in +motion by walking alternately from +one side to the other.</p> +<p>Then took place a curious and +amusing performance. Four lions and +tigers were arranged in a row at an +equal distance from one another. +Some of the German boar-hounds were +let loose, and one after another they +gayly started a game of leap-frog with +the wild beasts, who seemed to enjoy +it to the full as much as they did. +After they had finished their performance, +some enormous double ladders +were brought in. The great Polar +bear was persuaded to take his place +at the very top; next to him on either +side, on the next rung of the ladder, +was a beautiful boar-hound; then +came two royal Bengal tigers, and +then a couple of the finest lions I ever +saw. Round about the base of the +pyramid were grouped, in picturesque +profusion, lions, tigers, leopards, and +dogs. There they stood perfectly still, +and uttering not a single sound, until, +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_135' name='page_135'></a>135</span> +very suddenly, Mr. Mellermann cracked +his whip, when the animals joyfully +quitted their strained positions and +retired to their seats. “Ah!” said +Mr. Hagenbeck, as he turned to me, +“no living human being can imagine +what it means to get those animals to +do that. It makes a man old and sick +and nervous before his time. I’ll never +do it again after the Chicago Exhibition. +Life is too short for such a +strain. I wouldn’t take any money +for those animals now that they are +trained, although I was offered only +the other day upwards of sixty thousand +dollars for them.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:442px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_54' id='linki_54'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus139.png' alt='' title='' width='442' height='287' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>And now came</span> the <i>pièce de résistance</i> +of the whole affair. A large Roman +chariot was rolled into the circus; +two huge tigers were led forth, and, +growling much, they were harnessed +to it; and then there was ushered into +the chariot, with no little state, a noble +and stately lion. A robe of royal crimson +was fastened round his neck, a +gleaming crown +was placed upon +his head, the reins +were thrown upon +his shoulders, two +boar-hounds took +their position as +footmen in the +rear of the chariot, +Mr. Mellermann +cracked his +whip, and the +royal chariot drawn by the tigers rolled +solemnly round the circus. After this +a curious thing occurred. The entertainment +was at an end, the band quitted +the building, and the animals were allowed +to play about, all jumbled up together. +They seemed perfectly happy, +gambolling with pure pleasure round +Mr. Mellermann and his assistants, +between whom and the animals the +strongest affection most evidently exists. +After they had played about for +a few minutes, the order was given that +they should retire to their cells, which +they did by devious ways and by-paths, +the last glimpse I caught of them being +that of a tiger playfully sparring with +a tawny African lion.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_55' id='linki_55'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus139b.png' alt='' title='' width='493' height='225' /> +<br /> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_136' name='page_136'></a>136</span> +<a name='JOHN_HORSELEIGH_KNYGHT_BY_THOMAS_HARDY___ILLUSTRATED_BY_MR_HARRY_C_EDWARDS' id='JOHN_HORSELEIGH_KNYGHT_BY_THOMAS_HARDY___ILLUSTRATED_BY_MR_HARRY_C_EDWARDS'></a> +<h2>JOHN HORSELEIGH, KNYGHT +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Thomas Hardy.</span><br /><br />Illustrated by Mr. Harry C. Edwards.</span></h2> +</div> +<p>In the earliest and mustiest volume +of the Havenpool marriage registers +(said the thin-faced gentleman) +this entry may still be read +by anyone curious enough to decipher +the crabbed handwriting +of the date. I took a copy of it when +I was last there; and it runs thus (he +had opened his pocket-book, and now +read aloud the extract; afterwards +handing round the book to us, wherein +we saw transcribed the following):</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Mast<sup>r</sup> +John Horseleigh, Knyght, of the +p’ysshe of Clyffton was maryd to Edith +the wyffe late off John Stocker, m’chawnte +of Havenpool the xiiij daie of December +be p’vylegge gevyn by our sup’me hedd of +the chyrche of Ingelonde Kynge Henry the +viii<sup>th</sup> +1539.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now, if you turn to the long and +elaborate pedigree of the ancient family +of the Horseleighs of Clyfton +Horseleigh, you will find no mention +whatever of this alliance, notwithstanding +the privilege given by the sovereign +and head of the Church; the +said Sir John being therein chronicled +as marrying, at a date apparently +earlier than the above, the daughter +and heiress of Richard Phelipson of +Montislope, in Nether Wessex, a lady +who outlived him, of which marriage +there were issue two daughters and a +son, who succeeded him in his estates. +How are we to account for these, as it +would seem, contemporaneous wives? +A strange local tradition only can help +us, and this can be briefly told.</p> +<hr class='invis' /> +<p>One evening in the autumn of the year +1540 or 1541, a young sailor, whose +Christian name was Roger, but whose +surname is not known, landed at his +native place of Havenpool, on the +South Wessex coast, after a voyage in +the Newfoundland trade, then newly +sprung into existence. He returned in +the ship “Primrose” with a cargo of +“trayne oyle brought home from the +New Founde Lande,” to quote from +the town records of the date. During +his absence of two summers and a winter, +which made up the term of a Newfoundland +“spell,” many unlooked-for +changes had occurred within the quiet +little seaport, some of which closely +affected Roger the sailor. At the time +of his departure his only sister Edith +had become the bride of one Stocker, +a respectable townsman, and part owner +of the brig in which Roger had sailed; +and it was to the house of this +couple, his only relatives, that the +young man directed his steps. On trying +the door in Quay Street he found +it locked, and then observed that the +windows were boarded up. Inquiring +of a bystander, he learned for the first +time of the death of his brother-in-law, +though that event had taken place +nearly eighteen months before.</p> +<p>“And my sister Edith?” asked +Roger.</p> +<p>“She’s married again—as they do +say, and hath been so these twelve +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_137' name='page_137'></a>137</span> +months. I don’t vouch +for the truth o’t, though +if she isn’t she ought to +be.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:378px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_56' id='linki_56'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus141.png' alt='' title='' width='378' height='289' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>Roger’s face</span> grew dark. +He was a man with a considerable +reserve of strong +passion, and he asked his +informant what he meant +by speaking thus.</p> +<p>The man explained that +shortly after the young +woman’s bereavement a +stranger had come to the +port. He had seen her +moping on the quay, had +been attracted by her +youth and loneliness, and +in an extraordinarily brief +wooing had completely fascinated her—had +carried her off, and, as was reported, +had married her. Though he +had come by water, he was supposed +to live no very great distance off by +land. They were last heard of at +Oozewood, in Upper Wessex, at the +house of one Wall, a timber-merchant, +where, he believed, she still had a lodging, +though her husband, if he were +lawfully that much, was but an occasional +visitor to the place.</p> +<p>“The stranger?” asked Roger. “Did +you see him? What manner of man +was he?”</p> +<p>“I liked him not,” said the other. +“He seemed of that kind that hath +something to conceal, and as he walked +with her he ever and anon turned his +head and gazed behind him, as if he +much feared an unwelcome pursuer. +But, faith,” +continued he, +“it may have +been the man’s +anxiety only. +Yet did I not +like him.”</p> +<p>“Was he +older than my +sister?” Roger +asked.</p> +<p>“Ay, much +older; +from a +dozen to a +score of +years older. A man of some position, may be, +playing an amorous game for the pleasure +of the hour. Who knoweth but +that he have a wife already? Many +have done the thing hereabouts of late.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:514px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_57' id='linki_57'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus141b.png' alt='' title='' width='514' height='478' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>Having paid a</span> visit to the graves of +his relatives, the sailor next day went +along the straight road which, then a +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_138' name='page_138'></a>138</span> +lane, now a highway, conducted to the +curious little inland town named by the +Havenpool man. It is unnecessary to +describe Oozewood on the South-Avon. +It has a railway at the present day, +but thirty years of steam traffic past +its precincts have hardly modified its +original features. Surrounded by a +sort of fresh-water lagoon, dividing it +from meadows and coppice, its ancient +thatch and timber +houses have barely +made way even +in the front street +for the ubiquitous +modern brick and +slate. It neither +increases nor diminishes +in size; +it is difficult to say +what the inhabitants +find to do, +for, though trades +in wood-ware are +still carried on, +there cannot be +enough of this +class of work now-a-days +to maintain +all the house-holders, +the forests +around having +been so +greatly thinned +and curtailed. At +the time of this +tradition the forests +were dense, +artificers in wood +abounded, and the +timber trade was +brisk. Every +house in the town, +without exception, +was of oak framework, filled in +with plaster, and covered with thatch, +the chimney being the only brick portion +of the structure. Inquiry soon +brought Roger the sailor to the door +of Wall, the timber-dealer referred to, +but it was some time before he was +able to gain admission to the lodging +of his sister, the people having plainly +received directions not to welcome +strangers.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:294px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_58' id='linki_58'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus142.png' alt='' title='' width='294' height='516' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>She was sitting</span> in an upper room, +on one of the lath-backed, willow-bottomed +“shepherd’s” chairs, made on the +spot then as to this day, and as they +were probably made there in the days +of the Heptarchy. In her lap was an +infant, which she had been suckling, +though now it had fallen asleep; so +had the young mother herself for a few +minutes, under the drowsing effects of +solitude. Hearing footsteps on the +stairs, she awoke, started up with a +glad cry, and ran +to the door, opening +which she met +her brother on +the threshold.</p> +<p>“Oh, this is +merry! I didn’t +expect ’ee!” she +said. “Ah, Roger—I +thought it was +John.” Her tones +fell to disappointment.</p> +<p>The sailor +kissed her, looked +at her sternly for +a few moments, +and pointing to +the infant, said: +“You mean the +father of this?”</p> +<p>“Yes, my husband,” +said Edith.</p> +<p>“I hope so,” he +answered.</p> +<p>“Why, Roger, +I’m married—of +a truth am I!” +she cried.</p> +<p>“Shame upon +’ee, if true! If +not true, worse. +Master Stocker +was an honest +man, and ye should have respected +his memory longer. Where is thy husband?”</p> +<p>“He comes often. I thought it was +he now. Our marriage has to be kept +secret for a while; it was done privily +for certain reasons, but we were married +at church like honest folk—afore +God we were, Roger—six months after +poor Stocker’s death.”</p> +<p>“’Twas too soon,” said Roger.</p> +<p>“I was living in a house alone; I +had nowhere to go to. You were far +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_139' name='page_139'></a>139</span> +over sea in the New Found Land, and +John took me and brought me here.”</p> +<p>“How often doth he come?” says +Roger again.</p> +<p>“Once or twice weekly,” says she.</p> +<p>“I wish th’ ’dst waited till I returned, +dear Edy,” he said. “It mid be you +are a wife—I hope so. But, if so, why +this mystery? Why this mean and +cramped lodging in this lonely copse-circled +town? Of what standing is your +husband, and of where?”</p> +<p>“He is of gentle breeding; his name +is John. I am not free to tell his family +name. He is said to be of London, +for safety’ sake; but he really lives in +the county next adjoining this.”</p> +<p>“Where in the next county?”</p> +<p>“I do not know. He has preferred +not to tell me, that I may not have the +secret forced from me, to his and my +hurt, by bringing the marriage to the +ears of his kinsfolk and friends.”</p> +<p>Her brother’s face flushed. “Our +people have been honest townsmen, +well-reputed for long; why should you +readily take such humbling from a +sojourner of whom th’ ’st know nothing?”</p> +<p>They remained in constrained converse +till her quick ear caught a sound, +for which she might have been waiting—a +horse’s footfall. “It is John!” +said she. “This is his night—Saturday.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:238px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_59' id='linki_59'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus143.png' alt='' title='' width='238' height='289' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“Don’t be</span> frightened lest he should +find me here,” said Roger. “I am on +the point of leaving. I wish not to be +a third party. Say nothing at all about +my visit, if it will incommode you so to +do. I will see thee before I go afloat +again.”</p> +<p>Speaking thus he left the room, and +descending the staircase let himself out +by the front door, thinking he might +obtain a glimpse of the approaching +horseman. But that traveller had in +the meantime gone stealthily round to +the back of the homestead, and peering +along the pinion-end of the house +Roger discerned him unbridling and +haltering his horse with his own hands +in the shed there.</p> +<p>Roger retired to the neighboring inn +called the Black Lamb, and meditated. +This mysterious method of approach +determined him, after all, not to leave +the place till he had ascertained more +definite facts of his sister’s position—whether +she were the deluded victim of +the stranger or the wife she obviously +believed herself to be. Having eaten +some supper, he left the inn, it being +now about eleven o’clock. He first +looked into the shed, and, finding the +horse still standing there, waited irresolutely +near the door of his sister’s lodging. +Half an hour elapsed, and, while +thinking he would climb into a loft +hard by for a night’s rest, there seemed +to be a movement within the shutters +of the sitting-room that his sister occupied. +Roger hid himself behind a +fagot-stack near the back door, rightly +divining that his sister’s visitor would +emerge by the way he had entered. +The door opened, and the candle she +held in her hand lighted for a moment +the stranger’s form, showing it to be +that of a tall and handsome personage, +about forty years of age, and apparently +of a superior position in life. Edith +was assisting him to cloak himself, +which being done he took leave of her +with a kiss and left the house. From +the door she watched him bridle and +saddle his horse, and having mounted +and waved an adieu to her as she stood, +candle in hand, he turned out of the +yard and rode away.</p> +<p>The horse which bore him was, or +seemed to be, a little lame, and Roger +fancied from this that the rider’s journey +was not likely to be a long one. +Being light of foot he followed apace, +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_140' name='page_140'></a>140</span> +having no great difficulty on such a +still night in keeping within earshot +some few miles, the horseman pausing +more than once. In this pursuit Roger +discovered the rider to choose bridle-tracks +and open commons in preference +to any high road. The distance soon +began to prove a more trying one than +he had bargained for; and when out +of breath and in some despair of being +able to ascertain the man’s identity, he +perceived an ass standing in the star-light +under a hayrick, from which the +animal was helping itself to periodic +mouthfuls.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_60' id='linki_60'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus145.png' alt='' title='' width='481' height='627' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>The story goes that Roger caught +the ass, mounted, and again resumed +the trail of the unconscious horseman, +which feat may have been possible to +a nautical young fellow, though one +can hardly understand how a sailor +would ride such an animal without +bridle or saddle, and strange to his +hands, unless the creature was extraordinarily +docile. This question, however, +is immaterial. Suffice it to say, +that at dawn the following morning +Roger beheld his sister’s lover or husband +entering the gates of a large and +well-timbered park on the south-western +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_141' name='page_141'></a>141</span> +verge of the White Hart Forest +(as it was then called), now known to +everybody as the Vale of Blackmoor. +Thereupon the sailor discarded his +steed, and finding for himself an obscurer +entrance to the same park a +little farther on, he crossed the grass +to reconnoitre.</p> +<p>He presently perceived amid the +trees before him a mansion which, +new to himself, was one of the best +known in the county at that time. Of +this fine manorial residence hardly a +trace now remains; but a manuscript, +dated some years later than the events +we are regarding, describes it in terms +from which the imagination may construct +a singularly clear and vivid +picture. This record presents it as +consisting of “a faire yellow freestone +building, partly two and partly three +storeys; a faire halle and parlour, both +waynscotted; a faire dyning roome and +withdrawing roome, and many good +lodgings; a kitchen adjoyninge backwarde +to one end of the dwelling-house, +with a faire passage from it +into the halle, parlour, and dyninge +roome, and sellars adjoyninge.</p> +<p>“In the front of the house a square +greene court, and a curious gatehouse +with lodgings in it, standing with the +front of the house to the south; in a +large outer court three stables, a coach-house, +a large barne, and a stable for +oxen and kyne, and all houses necessary.</p> +<p>“Without the gatehouse, paled in, +a large square greene, in which standeth +a faire chappell; of the south-east side +of the greene court, towards the river, +a large garden.</p> +<p>“Of the south-west side of the greene +court is a large bowling greene, with +fower mounted walks about it, all +walled about with a batteled wall, and +sett with all sorts of fruit; and out of +it into the feildes there are large walks +under many tall elmes orderly planted.”</p> +<p>Then follows a description of the +orchards and gardens; the servants’ +offices, brewhouse, bakehouse, dairy, +pigeon-houses, and corn-mill; the +river and its abundance of fish; the +warren, the coppices, the walks; ending +thus—</p> +<p>“And all the country north of the +house, open champaign, sandy feildes, +very dry and pleasant for all kindes +of recreation, huntinge, and hawkinge, +and profitable for tillage.... The +house hath a large prospect east, +south, and west, over a very large and +pleasant vale ... is seated from +the good markett towns of Sherton +Abbas three miles, and Ivel a mile, +that plentifully yield all manner of +provision; and within twelve miles of +the south sea.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:261px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_61' id='linki_61'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus147.png' alt='' title='' width='261' height='238' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>It was on</span> the grass before this seductive +and picturesque structure that the +sailor stood at gaze under the elms in +the dim dawn of Sunday morning, and +saw to his surprise his sister’s lover +and horse vanish within the court of +the building.</p> +<p>Perplexed and weary, Roger slowly +retreated, more than ever convinced +that something was wrong in his sister’s +position. He crossed the bowling +green to the avenue of elms, and, bent +on further research, was about to climb +into one of these, when, looking below, +he saw a hole large enough to allow a +man to creep to the hollow interior. +Here Roger ensconced himself, and +having eaten a crust of bread which he +had hastily thrust into his pocket at +the inn, he fell asleep upon the stratum +of broken touchwood that formed the +floor of the hollow.</p> +<p>He slept soundly and long, and was +awakened by the sound of a bell. On +peering from the hole he found the +time had advanced to full day; the +sun was shining brightly. The bell +was that of the “faire chappell” on +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_142' name='page_142'></a>142</span> +the green outside the gatehouse, and +it was calling to matins. Presently +the priest crossed the green to a little +side-door in the chancel, and then from +the gateway of the mansion emerged +the household, the tall man whom +Roger had seen with his sister on the +previous night, on his arm being a +portly dame, and, running beside the +pair, two little girls and a boy. These +all entered the chapel, and the bell +having ceased and the environs become +clear, the sailor crept out from his +hiding.</p> +<p>He sauntered towards the chapel, +the opening words of the service being +audible within. While standing by the +porch he saw a belated servitor approaching +from the kitchen-court to +attend the service also. Roger carelessly +accosted him, and asked, as an +idle wanderer, the name of the family +he had just seen cross over from +the mansion.</p> +<p>“Od zounds! if ye modden be a +stranger here in very truth, goodman. +That war Sir John and his +dame, and his children Elizabeth, +Mary, and John.”</p> +<p>“I be from foreign parts. Sir +John what d’ye call’n?”</p> +<p>“Master John Horseleigh, +Knight, who had a’most as much +lond by inheritance of his mother +as a had by his father, and likewise +some by his wife. Why, baint his +arms dree goolden horses’ heads, +and idden his lady the daughter of +Master Richard Phelipson of Montislope, +in Nether Wessex, known +to us all?”</p> +<p>“It mid be so, and yet it mid +not. However, th’ ’lt miss thy +prayers for such an honest knight’s +welfare, and I have to traipse seaward +many miles.”</p> +<p>He went onward, and, as he +walked, continued saying to himself, +“Now to that poor wronged +fool Edy. The fond thing! I +thought it; ’twas too quick—she +was ever amorous. What’s to become +of her? God wot! How be I going +to face her with the news, and how be +I to hold it from her? To bring this +disgrace on my father’s honored name, +a double-tongued knave!” He turned +and shook his fist at the chapel and +all in it, and resumed his way.</p> +<p>Perhaps it was owing to the perplexity +of his mind that, instead of returning +by the direct road towards his +sister’s obscure lodging in the next +county, he followed the highway to +Casterbridge, some fifteen miles off, +where he remained drinking hard all +that afternoon and evening, and where +he lay that and two or three succeeding +nights, wandering thence along the +Anglebury road to some village that +way, and lying the Friday night after +at his native place of Havenpool. The +sight of the familiar objects there +seems to have stirred him anew to action, +and the next morning he was observed +pursuing the way to Oozewood +that he had followed on the Saturday +previous, reckoning, no doubt, that +Saturday night would, as before, be a +time for finding Sir John with his sister +again.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:312px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_62' id='linki_62'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus149.png' alt='' title='' width='312' height='441' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>He delayed to</span> reach the place till +just before sunset. His sister was +walking in the meadows at the foot of +the garden, with a nursemaid who carried +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_143' name='page_143'></a>143</span> +the baby, and she looked up pensively +when he approached. Anxiety +as to her position had already told +upon her once rosy cheeks and lucid +eyes. But concern for herself and +child was displaced for the moment by +her regard of Roger’s worn and +haggard face.</p> +<p>“Why, you are sick, Roger! +You are tired! Where have you +been these many days? Why +not keep me company a bit? +My husband is much away. And +we have hardly spoke at all of +dear father and of your voyage +to the New Land. Why did you +go away so suddenly? There is +a spare chamber at my lodging.”</p> +<p>“Come indoors,” he said. +“We’ll talk now—talk a good +deal. As for him (nodding to +the child), better heave him into +the river; better for him and +you!”</p> +<p>She forced a laugh, as if she +tried to see a good joke in the +remark, and they went silently +indoors.</p> +<p>“A miserable hole!” said +Roger, looking around the room.</p> +<p>“Nay, but ’tis very pretty!”</p> +<p>“Not after what I’ve seen. Did he +marry ’ee at church in orderly fashion?”</p> +<p>“He did sure—at our church at +Havenpool.”</p> +<p>“But in a privy way?”</p> +<p>“Ay, because of his friends—it was +at night time.”</p> +<p>“Ede, ye fond one, for all that he’s +not thy husband! Th’ ’rt not his wife, +and the child is a bastard. He hath a +wife and children of his own rank, and +bearing his name; and that’s Sir John +Horseleigh of Clyfton Horseleigh, and +not plain Jack, as you think him, and +your lawful husband. The sacrament +of marriage is no safeguard now-a-days. +The king’s new-made headship of the +Church hath led men to practise these +tricks lightly.”</p> +<p>She had turned white. “That’s not +true, Roger!” she said. “You are in +liquor, my brother, and you know not +what you say. Your seafaring years +have taught ’ee bad things.”</p> +<p>“Edith—I’ve seen them; wife and +family—all. How canst——”</p> +<p>They were sitting in the gathered +darkness, and at that moment steps +were heard without. “Go out this +way,” she said. “It is my husband. +He must not see thee in this mood. +Get away till to-morrow, Roger, as you +care for me.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:325px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_63' id='linki_63'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus151.png' alt='' title='' width='325' height='366' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>She pushed her</span> brother through a +door leading to the back stairs, and +almost as soon as it was closed her visitor +entered. Roger, however, did not +retreat down the stairs; he stood and +looked through the bobbin-hole. If +the visitor turned out to be Sir John, +he had determined to confront him.</p> +<p>It was the knight. She had struck +a light on his entry, and he kissed the +child, and took Edith tenderly by the +shoulders, looking into her face.</p> +<p>“Something’s gone awry wi’ my +dear,” he said. “What is it? What’s +the matter?”</p> +<p>“Oh, Jack!” she cried. “I have +heard such a fearsome rumor—what +doth it mean? He who told me is my +best friend. He must be deceived! +But who deceived him, and why? Jack, +I was just told that you had a wife +living when you married me, and have +her still!”</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_144' name='page_144'></a>144</span></div> +<p>“A wife? H’m.”</p> +<p>“Yes, and children. Say no, say +no!”</p> +<p>“My God! I have no lawful wife +but you; and as for children, many or +few, they are all bastards, save this one +alone!”</p> +<p>“And that you be Sir John Horseleigh +of Clyfton?”</p> +<p>“I mid be. I have never said so to +’ee.”</p> +<p>“But Sir John is known to have a +lady, and issue of her!”</p> +<p>The knight looked down. “How +did thy mind get filled with such as +this?” he asked.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_64' id='linki_64'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus152.png' alt='' title='' width='512' height='368' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>“One of my kindred came.”</p> +<p>“A traitor! Why should he mar our +life? Ah! you said you had a brother +at sea—where is he now?”</p> +<p>“<i>Here!</i>” said a stern voice behind +him. And, flinging open the door, +Roger faced the intruder. “Liar,” he +said, “to call thyself her husband!”</p> +<p>Sir John fired up, and made a rush +at the sailor, who seized him by the +collar, and in the wrestle they both fell, +Roger under. But in a few seconds he +contrived to extricate his right arm, +and drawing from his belt a knife +which he wore attached to a cord +round his neck, he opened it with his +teeth, and struck it into the breast of +Sir John stretched above him. Edith +had during these moments run into +the next room to place the child in +safety, and when she came back the +knight was relaxing his hold on Roger’s +throat. He rolled over upon his +back and groaned.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_65' id='linki_65'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus153a.png' alt='' title='' width='563' height='457' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>The only witness of the scene, save +the three concerned, was the nursemaid, +who had brought in the child on its +father’s arrival. She stated afterwards +that nobody suspected Sir John had +received his death wound; yet it was +so, though he did not die for a +long while, meaning thereby an hour +or two; that Mistress Edith continually +endeavored to staunch the blood, +calling her brother Roger a wretch, +and ordering him to get himself gone; +on which order he acted, after a gloomy +pause, by opening the window, and letting +himself down by the sill to the +ground.</p> +<div class='figleft' style='width:272px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_66' id='linki_66'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus153b.png' alt='' title='' width='272' height='203' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>It was then</span> that Sir John, in difficult +accents, made his dying declaration to +the nurse and Edith, and, later, the +apothecary, which was to this purport: +that the Dame Horseleigh who passed +as his wife at Clyfton, and who had +borne him three children, was in truth +and deed, though unconsciously, the +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_145' name='page_145'></a>145</span> +wife of another man. Sir John had +married her several years before, in the +face of the whole county, as the widow +of one Decimus Strong, who had disappeared +shortly after her union with +him, having adventured to the North +to join the revolt of the Nobles, and +on that revolt being quelled retreated +across the sea. Two years ago, having +discovered the man to be still living +in France, and not wishing to disturb +the mind and happiness of her who +believed herself his wife, yet wishing +for legitimate issue, Sir John had +informed the king of the facts, who +had encouraged him to wed honestly, +though secretly, the young merchant’s +widow at Havenpool; she being, therefore, +his lawful wife, and she only. +That to avoid all scandal and hubbub +he had purposed to let things remain +as they were till fair opportunity should +arise of making the true case known +with least pain to all parties concerned; +but that, having been thus suspected +and attacked by his own brother-in-law, +his zest for such schemes and for +all things had died out in him, and he +only wished to commend his soul to +God.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:223px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_67' id='linki_67'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus154a.png' alt='' title='' width='223' height='471' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>That night,</span> while the owls were hooting +from the forest that encircled the +sleeping townlet, and the South-Avon +was gurgling through the wooden piles +of the bridge, Sir John died there in the +arms of his wife. She concealed nothing +of the cause of her husband’s death save +the subject of the quarrel, which she +felt it would be premature to announce +just then, and until proof of her status +should be forthcoming. But before a +month had passed, it happened, to her +inexpressible sorrow, that the child of +this clandestine union fell sick and died. +From that hour all interest in the name +and fame of the Horseleighs forsook +the younger of the twain who called +themselves wives of Sir John, and, being +careless about her own fame, she +took no steps to assert her claims, her +legal position having, indeed, grown +hateful to her in her horror at the +tragedy. And Sir William Byrt, the +curate who had married her to her husband, +being an old man and feeble, was +not disinclined to leave the embers unstirred +of such a fiery matter as this, +and to assist her in letting established +things stand. Therefore, Edith retired +with the nurse, her only companion and +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_146' name='page_146'></a>146</span> +friend, to her native town, where she +lived in absolute obscurity till her death +at no great age. Her brother was +never seen again in England.</p> +<p>A strangely corroborative sequel to +the story remains to be told. Shortly +after the death of Sir John Horseleigh, +a soldier of fortune returned from the +Continent, called on Dame Horseleigh +the fictitious, living in widowed state +at Clyfton Horseleigh, and, after a +singularly brief courtship, married her. +The tradition at Havenpool and elsewhere +has ever been that this man was +already her husband, Decimus Strong, +who re-married her for appearance’s +sake only.</p> +<p>The illegitimate son of this lady by +Sir John succeeded to the estates and +honors, and his son after him, there +being nobody alert to investigate their +pretensions. Little difference would it +have made to the present generation, +however, had there been such a one, +for the family in all its branches, lawful +and unlawful, has been extinct these +many score years, the last representative +but one being killed at the siege of +Sherton Castle, while attacking in the +service of the Parliament, and the other +being outlawed later in the same century +for a debt of ten pounds, and +dying in the county jail. The mansion +house and its appurtenances were, as I +have previously stated, destroyed, excepting +one small wing which now forms +part of a farmhouse, and is visible as +you pass along the railway from Casterbridge +to Ivel. The outline of the old +bowling-green is also distinctly to be +seen.</p> +<p>This, then, is the reason why the +only lawful marriage of Sir John, as +recorded in the obscure register at +Havenpool, does not appear in the +pedigree of the house of Horseleigh.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_68' id='linki_68'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus154b.png' alt='' title='Ye Ende.' width='417' height='135' /> +<br /> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_147' name='page_147'></a>147</span></div> +<p class='center'>[<i>“THE EDGE OF THE FUTURE” SERIES.</i>]</p> +<div class='chsp' style='padding-top:0'> +<a name='THE_RACE_TO_THE_NORTH_POLE__THE_EXPEDITIONS_OF_NANSEN_AND_JACKSON__BY_HUGH_ROBERT_MILL_DSC_AUTHOR_OF_THE_REALM_OF_NATURE' id='THE_RACE_TO_THE_NORTH_POLE__THE_EXPEDITIONS_OF_NANSEN_AND_JACKSON__BY_HUGH_ROBERT_MILL_DSC_AUTHOR_OF_THE_REALM_OF_NATURE'></a> +<h2>THE RACE TO THE NORTH POLE.<br /><br /><span class='smcaplc'>THE EXPEDITIONS OF NANSEN AND JACKSON.</span> +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Hugh Robert Mill, D.Sc.,</span> <br />Author of “The Realm of Nature.”</span></h2> +</div> +<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> +<p>Arctic enthusiasm is an intermittent +fever, returning in almost +epidemic form after intervals of normal +indifference. Twelve years ago there +was a wide-spread outbreak, but for +the last ten years the symptoms have +never been so severe as to result in +a great expedition. If all goes well +this summer there will be a renewed +paroxysm; no less than three new +ventures northward being sent out by +different routes to converge on the +pole.</p> +<p>It is refreshing, in this prosaic time, +to recognize the power of pure sentiment +in the quest for glory. Polar +research is a survival, or rather an +evolution, of knight-errantry, and our +Childe Rolands challenge the “Dark +Tower of the North” as dauntlessly as +ever their forbears wound slug-horn at +gate of enchanted castle. The “woe +of years” invests the quest with +elements which redeem failure from +disgrace; but whoever succeeds in +overcoming the difficulties that have +baffled all the “lost adventurers” will +make the world ring with his fame as +it never rang before. We commonplace +human beings are as quick to see +and prompt to appreciate heroic daring, +perseverance, and valor as ever were +the dames of mythic Camelot; and the +race for the pole will be watched by +the world with generous sympathy.</p> +<p>Incidentally the fresh Arctic journeys +must secure much scientific information, +but that aspect of them appeals +to the few. It is as a display of the +grandest powers of man in conflict +with the tyranny of his surroundings +that Arctic travel appeals directly to +the heart. Since McClure, in 1850, +forced the north-west passage from +Bering Strait to Baffin Bay, and Nordenskjold, +in 1878, squeezed the “Vega” +through, between ice and land, from the +North Cape to the Pacific, the futility +of the golden dreams of the greedy +old merchants who tried to reach the +wealth of the Orient by short cuts +through the ice has been demonstrated. +Although no money is likely to be +made out of the Arctic, we want information +thence which it is almost impossible +to get; and the almost impossible +is dear to every valiant heart.</p> +<p>We know a good deal about the +state of matters near the poles, but yet +not enough to let us understand all the +phenomena of our own lands. In this +respect, however, the South Pole is the +most promising field, for its surroundings +probably conceal the mainspring of +the great system of winds which do the +work of the air on every land and sea. +Dr. Nansen has promised to go there +after returning from the North, and +solving its simpler problems. The +chilly distinction of being the coldest +part of the earth is probably due to +the northern parts of Eastern Siberia, +and not to the North Pole. The +“magnetic pole,” where the needle +hangs vertically, has been found in the +Arctic archipelago north of America, +and in many ways scientific observations +there are worth more than at the +North Pole itself.</p> +<p>We know that, if attained, the North +Pole would probably be like any other +part of the Arctic regions, presenting +a landscape of ice and snow, perhaps +with black rock showing here and there, +containing fossils of a former age of +heat, perhaps broken by pools or lanes +of open water. The pole has no physical +mark any more than the top of a +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_148' name='page_148'></a>148</span> +spinning coin has, and the pole is not +even a fixed point; like the end of the +axis of the spinning coin, it moves a +little to and fro on the circumference. +If the geographical point were reached, +the pole-star would be seen shining +almost vertically overhead, describing +a tiny circle around the actual zenith; +and all the other stars of the northern +half of the sky would appear slowly +wheeling in horizontal circles, never +rising, never setting, and each completing +its circuit in the space of +twenty-three hours and fifty-six +minutes. In summer the sun would +appear similarly, never far above the +horizon, but circling for more than +half the year in a spiral, winding upward +until about 25° above the horizon, +and winding downward again until lost +to view. The periods of daylight and +darkness at the poles do not last +exactly six months each, as little geography +books are prone to assert. Such +little books ignore the atmosphere for +the sake of simplicity, but the air-shell +that shuts in our globe bends the rays +of light, so that the sun appears before +his theoretical rising, and remains in +sight after his theoretical setting. At +the pole, in fact, the single “half-yearly +day” is a week longer than the +one “half-yearly night.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_69' id='linki_69'></a> +</div> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_149' name='page_149'></a>149</span> +<a href='images/illus158_large.png'> +<img src='images/illus158.png' alt='' title='' width='595' height='600' /> +</a> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +<span class='smaller'><i><a href='images/illus158_large.png'>(click for larger image)</a></i></span><br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>At the North Pole there is only one +direction—south. One could go south +in as many ways as there are points on +the compass card, but every one of +these ways is south; east and west +have vanished. The hour of the day +at the pole is a paradoxical conception, +for that point is the meeting place of +every meridian, and the time of all +holds good, so that it is always any +hour one cares to mention. Unpunctuality +is hence impossible—but the +question grows complex, and its practical +solution concerns few.</p> +<p>No one needs to go to the pole to +discover all that makes that point +different from any other point of +the surface. But the whole polar +regions are full of unknown things, +which every Arctic explorer of the +right stamp looks forward to finding. +And the reward he looks forward to +most is the approval of the few who +understand and love knowledge for its +own sake, rather than the noisy applause +of the crowd who would cheer +him, after all, much as they cheer a +winning prize-fighter, or race-horse, or +political candidate.</p> +<p>The difficulties that make the quest +of the pole so arduous have been discovered +by slow degrees. It is marvellous +how soon nearly the full limits +of northward attainment were reached. +In 1596 Barents discovered Spitzbergen +in about 78° north; in 1770 Hudson +reached 80°; in 1827 Parry, by sledging +on the ice when his ship became fast, +succeeded in touching 82° 45´. Since +then all the enormous resources of +modern science—steam, electricity, preserved +foods and the experience of +centuries—have only enabled forty +miles of additional poleward advance +to be made.</p> +<p>The accompanying map gives a fair +idea of the form of the Arctic regions, +and remembering that the circle marked +80° is distant seven hundred miles from +the pole, the reader can realize the +distances involved. The Arctic Basin, +occupied by the Arctic Sea, is ringed +in by land; the northern coasts of +America, Europe, and Asia, forming a +roughly circular boundary broken by +three well-marked channels communicating +with the ocean. Bering Strait +between America and Asia is the narrowest, +Baffin Bay between America +and Greenland is wider, branching into +a number of ice-blocked sounds to the +westward, and tapering off into Smith +Sound in the north-east. The widest +channel of the three lies between +Greenland and Europe, and this is bisected +just south of 80° North by the +island group of Spitzbergen.</p> +<p>The whole region is one of severe +cold, and the sea is frozen for the +greater part of the year, land and +water becoming almost indistinguishable, +but for the incessant movement +and drift of the sea-ice. In summer +the sea-ice breaks up into floes which +may drift away southward and melt, +or be driven by the wind against the +shores of continents or islands, leaving +lanes of open water which a shift of +wind may change and close in an hour. +Icebergs launched from the glaciers of +the land also drift with tide, current, +and wind through the more or less +open water. Possibly at some times the +pack may open and a clear waterway +run through to the pole, and old +whalers tell of many a year when they +believed that a few days’ steaming +would carry them to the end of the +world, if they could have seized the +opportunity. At other times, routes +traversed in safety time after time may +be effectively closed for years, and all +advance barred. Food in the form of +seals or walrus in the open water, reindeer, +musk ox, polar bears or birds on +the land, may often be procured, but +these sources cannot be relied upon. +Advance northward may be made by +water in a ship, or by dog-sledge, or on +foot, over the frozen snow or ice. Each +method has grave drawbacks. Advance +by sea is stopped when the young +ice forms in autumn, and land advance +is hampered by the long Arctic night +which enforces months of inaction, +more trying to health and spirits than +the severest exertion.</p> +<p>Smith Sound has been the channel +by which most recent Arctic explorers +have pushed north. Thus Markham +reached latitude 83° 20´ North, in 1876, +and in 1882 Lockwood got four miles +farther north, coming nearer the pole +than any other man. From his farthest +point an express train could cover the +intervening distance in ten hours, but +the best ice traveller would require +months, even if the way were smooth. +This route has been by common consent +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_150' name='page_150'></a>150</span> +abandoned, at least for advance +by water. No high latitude has been +reached from Bering Strait nor along +the east coast of Greenland. For ships +the most open way to the north lies +to the west of Spitzbergen, as Parry +found two generations ago. Neither +of the two projected expeditions from +Europe is, however, intended to take +this route. Mr. Jackson means to advance +over the ice in sledges, trusting +that Franz-Josef Land stretches northward +to the immediate neighborhood of +the pole. Doctor Nansen also founds +his plan on a theory, but his is so novel, +and involves a plan of action so different +from all previously attempted, +that it must be considered in detail.</p> +<h3>NANSEN AND HIS PLANS.</h3> +<p>Fridtjof Nansen, who planned and +will lead the Norwegian expedition +starting in June, is a naturalist, thirty-two +years of age. He is singularly +adapted physically for deeds of daring +and endurance, perfectly equipped intellectually +for command and research. +His lithe, erect figure testifies to athletic +training, while his expansive forehead +and firm chin equally betoken +thoughtfulness and determination. He +is a typical Norseman, fair in complexion +and hair, simple and rather reserved +in manner, and modest almost +to a fault. No one can see him without +becoming his friend. He speaks +English fluently, and a quiet, half-repressed +humor lights up his conversation. +Never overstepping the truth, he +does not seem to feel the temptation +of spinning imaginative yarns so over-powering +for the undisciplined traveller. +He knows his own strength, +and measuring himself against the difficulties +he proposes to meet, he feels +confident of victory, and inspires others +with his own faith. There is no +turning back when once his mind is +fully made up.</p> +<p>Nansen’s whole life has been a training +for the exploit he now engages in. +After graduating at the University of +Christiania, he was appointed curator +of the Museum at Bergen, and carried +out several important biological researches, +of which that on the anatomy +of whales is perhaps the best known. +He was a diligent student of the great +Norwegian naturalist Sars, and on his +return from Greenland he entered into +a closer relation by marrying the professor’s +daughter. Mrs. Nansen is +said to be the most accomplished lady +ski-runner in Norway, as her husband +is the champion of his sex; their portraits +in the costume of this national +sport are extremely characteristic. +She had originally planned to accompany +Doctor Nansen on the Arctic +voyage, but has reluctantly relinquished +the intention. She stays behind +with her little girl only a few +months old. For the last three years +Doctor Nansen has devoted himself entirely +to the study of various branches +of science likely to be of service to him +in the accomplishment of his great ambition, +and in organizing every detail +of his expedition.</p> +<p>The chief circumstance in which +Nansen differs from all his predecessors +is, that he prepares no line of retreat. +To the common question, “But +how are you to come back?” his reply +in word and deed has always been, “I +will never come back. I shall go +through to the other side.” Thus, in +crossing Greenland in 1888, he started +from the uninhabited east coast, so that +he and his companions had to go forward—retreat +meant destruction. Such +determination is only redeemed from +obstinacy by the forethought which inspires +it. Before setting out to cross +Greenland, Nansen crossed the mountains +of Norway from Bergen to Christiania +in winter, thus proving his +mastery of the ski or Norwegian snow-shoes, +and testing his power of withstanding +cold and fatigue. Just as the +crossing of the Norwegian mountains +proved his competence for the splendid +feat of crossing Greenland, that journey +by its success establishes his ability +for enduring the severest privations +which his new expedition may be called +upon to undergo.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_70' id='linki_70'></a> +</div> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_151' name='page_151'></a>151</span> +<img src='images/illus163.png' alt='' title='' width='474' height='588' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +FRIDTJOF NANSEN.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>A careful study of all the known +phenomena of the Arctic Basin, and the +records of all the exploring, whaling, +and sealing voyages in these waters +which were accessible, impressed two +facts upon him—one, that the currents +of the Polar Basin were more regular +and more powerful agents than had +been previously supposed; the other, +that the failure of the great expeditions +to the north was in most cases due to +the great number of men carried, and +the labor involved in keeping open a +line of retreat. The moral of this is +simple enough: to sail as far as possible +with the currents, to take as few +men as possible, and these in thorough +training for Arctic work, and to +make no provision for retreat. For +the valor and heroic efforts of the +earlier Arctic explorers there can never +be anything but praise; those men +fought against the most terrific odds, +and stood their ground without flinching, +and their opinion on all matters +connected with Arctic travel carries +the utmost weight. Nansen breaks +away from all tradition; he goes right +against every cherished principle of all +the older Arctic men. He will secure +no line of retreat, he will carry only +eleven men with him, every one of +whom is inured to hardship and expert +in ice-travel. He is bound by no orders, +but has perfect freedom to alter +his plans should circumstances seem to +demand it. His plan is to drift with +the currents, and the evidence for the +currents moving in the direction he +wishes to go is as follows:</p> +<p>The great drift of polar water southward +along the east coasts of Labrador +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_152' name='page_152'></a>152</span> +and of Greenland has been known +from the beginning of Atlantic navigation, +and the icebergs and floes carried +along are serious obstacles to the shipping +of the North Atlantic. It is estimated +that between Greenland and +Spitzbergen about eighty or ninety +cubic miles of water pour southward +every day. The current, like that +down Smith Sound, flows from the +north, but the water cannot originate +there. There is a very slight northward +extension of the Gulf Stream +drift along the west coasts of Spitzbergen +and Greenland, but the main drift +of North Atlantic water from the southward +sets round the North Cape of +Norway, keeping the sea free from ice +all the year round. It is felt in the +Kara Sea, and as a north-easterly +stream along the coast of Novaya +Zemlya. It is difficult to estimate the +volume of this drift, but from certain +observations made by the Norwegian +Government it seems to be about sixty +cubic miles per day. There is a current +running on the whole northward +from the Pacific through Bering Strait +with a volume of perhaps fifteen cubic +miles a day, and in addition there is +the volume of perhaps two cubic miles +daily poured out during summer by the +great American and Siberian rivers. +This water is fresh and warm, and +accumulating near shore in autumn it +gives rise to the ice-free border which +let the “Vega” slip round the north of +Asia. Even where the sea is covered +with floating ice, there are perceptible +currents, and the ice-pack is never at +rest.</p> +<p>Since the vast body of water north +of 80° between Franz-Josef Land and +Greenland is streaming from the north, +and since it must be derived somehow +from water which comes from the +south, it is evident that north-flowing +currents of considerable power must +exist in the Arctic Basin. Parry in his +splendid voyage of 1827 spent months +in sledging northward on a vast ice-floe +which all the while was drifting south +faster than the dogs could drag the +sledges northward.</p> +<p>This polar current is the exit by +which Doctor Nansen intends to leave +the Polar Basin. It is a current which +strews the coast of Greenland with +Siberian and North American driftwood, +all coming from the north, perhaps +across the pole itself. Mud containing +microscopic shells which only +occur in Siberia has been collected on +some of these southward-bound ice-floes. +On one occasion a throwing-stick +of a form used exclusively by the +Eskimo of Alaska to cast their harpoons +was picked up on the west coast +of Greenland, having obviously been +drifted round Cape Farewell, as the +boats of many a whaler shipwrecked in +the polar current have been drifted +before. But perhaps the most interesting +argument is that derived from the +drift of the “Jeannette.” The “Jeannette” +(once a British gunboat, and +afterward employed as the “Pandora” +in attempting to repeat the north-west +passage) was sent out by the proprietor +of the “New York Herald,” under +the command of De Long, to push north +to the pole, through Bering Strait, in +1879. In September of that year she +got fast in the ice, and drifted on the +whole north-westward for nearly two +years. At last she was crushed in the +ice on June 13, 1881, to the north of +the New Siberian Islands. The drift +of the “Jeannette” was becoming +faster as she got farther west; indeed, +it was possibly the more rapid movement +of the current that set the floes +in motion and led to the crushing of +the vessel. Three years after she sank, +an ice-floe was found on the south coast +of Greenland at Julianehaab, on which +were a number of articles, including +documents relating to the stores and +boats of the “Jeannette,” bearing De +Long’s signature. The relics had a +romantic history, and have given rise +to controversy; but before their authenticity +had been seriously questioned +they were sacrificed to the sense of +order of a Copenhagen housewife. +Nansen is certain that the relics did +come from the “Jeannette,” and he +believes they were drifted like the +wood and Siberian mud upon an ice-raft +across the pole or in its immediate +vicinity.</p> +<p>His resolve was made accordingly +“to take a ticket with the ice,” as he +phrases it, and so drift across. The +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_153' name='page_153'></a>153</span> +point where it would be best to join +the current, Nansen decided to be off +the New Siberian Islands, although +Captain Wiggins recommends the most +northerly point of continental land, +Cape Chelyuskin, as a more likely +starting place. At first Nansen proposed +to follow the “Jeannette” +through Bering Sea, but he has now +decided to take the nearer route round +the North Cape, through the Kara Sea, +and along the coast of Asia, as the +“Vega” went, striking northward off +the Lena Delta. It will require extremely +skilful navigation even to +reach the starting point, and it may +even be impossible to do so in one +year, but, having reached and run into +the ice, another question comes to the +front. The vessel in which the drift +of several years is to be made must +not share the fate of the “Jeannette,” +if human ingenuity can avoid it. And +ingenuity has been taxed to produce a +ship of the most perfect kind.</p> +<p>Nansen’s little vessel, launched at +Laurvik last October, suits his venture +and himself as well as the famous +“long serpents” of his ancestors suited +them and their voyages of conquest +and discovery a thousand years ago. +She is built of wood, but is of a +strength never hitherto aimed at. +The frame timbers, Nansen modestly +says, “may be said to be well-seasoned,” +for though cut from the gnarled oaks +of Italy they have been stored in a +Norwegian dockyard during the whole +lifetime of the explorer. These timbers—the +ribs of the ship—are a foot +thick, and are placed only two inches +apart, the intervening spaces being +filled with a special composition, so that +even the skeleton of the ship would +be water-tight should the planks be +stripped off. Inside, the walls are +lined with pitch-pine planks alternately +four inches and eight inches thick, with +cross-beams and supports to resist +pressure in every direction, as shown in +the accompanying section. Outside, +there is a three-inch skin of oak, carefully +calked and made water-tight, then +covered by another skin of oak four +inches thick, which in turn is encased +in a still thicker layer of the hard and +slippery greenheart. Bow and stern +are heavily plated with iron to cut +through thin ice. Finally, to render +her fit for living in during the coldest +weather, the water-tight compartment +set apart for this purpose (one of three) +is lined, walls and ceiling, with layers +of non-conducting material. Tarred +canvas, cork, wood, several inches of +felt enclosed by painted canvas, and +finally a wooden wainscot, promise to +effectually keep out the cold. In the +roof, a layer of two inches of reindeer’s +hair has also been introduced.</p> +<p>The form of the vessel is as original +as her material. She measures one +hundred and twenty-eight feet in extreme +length, thirty-six in beam, and is +seventeen feet deep. With a full cargo +she will draw fifteen feet, and have a +freeboard of little more than three feet. +She is pointed fore and aft, the stern +being so formed that the propeller and +rudder are deeply immersed to escape +floating ice, and both these vital fittings +are placed in wells, through which they +may be brought on board in case of +need, or readily replaced if damaged. +The hull is rounded so that even the +keel does not project materially. The +form is designed so that when the ice +begins to press, it will not crush but +lift the ship, as one might lift an egg +from a table by sliding two hands under +it. Her rig, as shown in the illustration, +is simply that of a three-masted +fore and aft schooner, with a very tall +mainmast, designed to carry the crow’s +nest for the look-out. This will stand +one hundred and five feet above the +water, thus affording the wide view +indispensable in ice navigation. A +captive balloon would have been used +as well, but the necessary fittings were +too heavy to carry. The engine is not +of great power, as no particular reason +exists for high speed, and with a coal +capacity of only three hundred tons +economy of fuel is of the first importance.</p> +<p>The ship is prophetically named the +“Fram,” or “Forward,” and for her the +viking explorer is determined there will +be no turning back.</p> +<p>It is possible that in spite of all precautions +the “Fram” may be nipped +in the ice-floe which will carry her +along, or stranded on some unknown +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_154' name='page_154'></a>154</span> +northern land. This contingency is +provided for by two large decked +boats, twenty-nine feet long, either of +which could accommodate the whole +crew. These would be placed on the +ice to serve as houses, and in the end +could be used for the return voyage. +Many smaller boats are carried, and +light sledges with dog teams, in case it +becomes necessary to travel over the +ice. The invaluable “ski” would of +course be used in such an emergency, +and plenty of tarred canvas would be +carried, by means of which the sledges +could be converted into boats. Provisions +for five years, at least, are +stowed away on board; also books for +study and recreation, and a complete +equipment of scientific instruments for +observations and collecting of every +kind. The ship carries no alcoholic +drink; alcohol is taken only as a fuel +for use when the coal runs out, or if +the ship has to be left. Nansen does +not smoke, and very likely he may +regulate the smoking of his followers, +for his views on hygiene are clear, and +his determination to enforce them +strong. The eleven men chosen for +the enterprise have the fullest faith in +their leader, and that respect for his +splendid qualities as a man which is +essential to good order being maintained. +For in the hardships of Arctic +travel there is no sentimental deference +to a leader unless he is the best +man of the party, and Arctic hardships +quickly reduce things and men to their +real worth. Nansen and his crew will +prove, we are confident, as firmly knit +together as the timbers of the “Fram” +herself. Captain Sverdrup, who accompanied +him across Greenland, goes +as navigating officer of the “Fram.”</p> +<p>Perhaps the most original of the +many original fittings of this little +polar cruiser is the dynamo which will +for the first time in the history of +exploration supply abundant light during +the whole Arctic night. When +there is wind a windmill will work it; +but in the calm weather the men, in +watches, will take their necessary exercise +in tramping round a capstan to the +strains of a musical box of long Arctic +experience—it was in the “Jeannette,”—and +thus at least eight hours of +perfect light will be secured every +day.</p> +<p>Everything that foresight can suggest +and money can buy has been +secured to make the voyage a success; +but even in the most sanguine mind +the risk must appear great, and the +time of suspense will be long. The +drift across the polar area cannot occupy +less than two years, and provisions +are carried for five. But we need +not dwell on dangers; the personality +of Nansen rises above them all—the +motto he carries with him in a little +volume of condensed poetry, as powerful +meat for the soul as any of his +cunningly concocted extracts are for +the body, is the wish of all his friends—</p> +<div class='poem' style='width: 30em'><div class='stanza'> +<p>“Greet the Unseen with a cheer,</p> +<p>Bid him forward, breast and back as either should be,</p> +<p>‘Strive and thrive!’ cry ‘Speed—fight on, fare ever</p> +<p>There as here!’”</p> +</div></div> +<p>The Norwegian expedition goes out +under the command of a hero full of +experience, ripe in knowledge, certain +to do all that a strong and trained man +can accomplish, backed by large grants +of money from his own government, +and smaller gifts from people and societies +in many lands.</p> +<h3>JACKSON’S EXPEDITION.</h3> +<p>The British expedition which has +been projected is not a national effort. +It is purely private, planned and +equipped by private enterprise and +private money, in order to follow up +the line in which private exertions +have already done more for polar exploration +than many government expeditions +have achieved. Its leader, +Mr. Frederick G. Jackson, is a business +man, possessed of leisure and sufficient +means, and experienced in travel in all +parts of the world. Of the same age +as Doctor Nansen, and, like him, married, +he is as typical an Englishman as +the latter is a Norseman. Pluck and +“go” are his in very large measure; +experience in serious ice-work he cannot +lay claim to, but he knows more +about the Arctic regions than many +famous explorers did on their first setting +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_155' name='page_155'></a>155</span> +out. Mr. Jackson has made a +summer cruise to the far north, and, +under the tuition of a canny Peterhead +whaler, he has picked up many wrinkles +which will help him in time of need. +He is a keen sportsman rather than a +man of science, but his ten companions +will be chosen for their ability to make +all necessary scientific observations and +collections. If his plans fall out as he +hopes, Jackson will be the most eager +in the race to the pole, and it will not +be his fault if the Union Jack is not +the first flag planted on that much coveted +site. He intends to leave England +about the middle of July, or perhaps as +late as the beginning of August.</p> +<p>His plan of attack is that which is +most approved by the Arctic admirals +of the British navy. It is to approach +by Franz-Josef Land, which may in +favorable years be comparatively easily +reached. On landing, a depot will be +formed and stores laid up as a base for +retreat; and then, by sledging northward +along the land-ice, the coast would be +delineated and mapped as far as it +extends, other depots established, and +if the surface proves suitable, and if +Franz-Josef Land proves, as is probable, +not to have a great northerly extent, +an advance may be made on the +sea-ice, carrying boats for crossing +open water.</p> +<p>It seems very probable that in this +way the highest latitudes of earlier explorers +may be passed, and in Franz-Josef +Land life is more tolerable than +in perhaps any other place at the same +latitude. Mr. Leigh Smith, the most +successful Arctic yachtsman, spent the +winter of 1881-82 in a hut built on an +island in the south of Franz-Josef Land, +after his ship was wrecked, and without +winter clothing, and he found bears and +walrus plentiful enough to keep himself +and his party supplied with fresh +meat. The country however is very +desolate, in spite of its comparatively +genial conditions. Mr. Jackson intends +to hire or purchase a steam +whaler to convey him to Franz-Josef +Land, and for navigation he has secured +the services of Mr. Crowther, Leigh +Smith’s ice-master. After establishing +winter quarters, he will make some preliminary +trips to test his sledges and +complete the survey of the southern +part of the land, reserving the great +northward march for the spring of +1894. He is pushing forward his preparations +quietly and quickly, and, as +he does not ask for public money, he +does not feel it necessary to publish +any of the details of his intended mode +of life. It is difficult to forecast the +result of his expedition. From the +little we know about Franz-Josef Land, +it appears certain that with a favorable +season much good work could be done, +and there is more satisfaction in contemplating +an expedition in which +pluck and endurance count than the +mere passive submission to the laws of +physical geography, on which Nansen +depends. In two years he hopes to +prove that Franz-Josef Land is or is +not a practicable road to the pole.</p> +<p>We have no data to make a comparison +between the two brave men, nor +any wish to do so. But Nansen is +Nansen, and Jackson has yet to win +his spurs; to him therefore would be +the greater glory if success attend him.</p> +<p>For our part, we heartily desire that +Nansen, Peary, and Jackson may meet +simultaneously at the pole, and return +betimes to tell their story and share +the honors. The aggravating thing is, +that the expeditions may never reach +their proper starting point. Many a +good ship has knocked about for a +whole season in the Kara Sea without +getting a lead through the ice; the +effort to reach Franz-Josef Land has +not been often made, and it is a sinister +omen that the “Tegetthof,” which discovered +that region, arrived there after +eighteen months of drifting fast in the +floes. But we shall see.</p> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_156' name='page_156'></a>156</span> +<a name='LIEUTENANT_PEARYS_EXPEDITION_BY_CLEVELAND_MOFFETT' id='LIEUTENANT_PEARYS_EXPEDITION_BY_CLEVELAND_MOFFETT'></a> +<h2>LIEUTENANT PEARY’S EXPEDITION. +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Cleveland Moffett.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<p>Before the end of June, Civil Engineer +Robert E. Peary of the United +States Navy will have sailed on another +expedition for the Arctic regions. +The party will go by the way of Newfoundland, +Baffin’s Bay, and Whale +Sound, to Inglefield Gulf, which lies +just southeast of Smith Sound and +south of the promontory containing the +great Humboldt glacier. The winter +camp will be established at the head of +Bowdoin Bay, some forty miles to the +east of Redcliffe House, where Lieutenant +Peary passed the winter of ’91, +’92.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:247px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_71' id='linki_71'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus172.jpg' alt='' title='' width='247' height='280' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +ROBERT E. PEARY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>The programme</span> of the expedition +may be briefly summarized as follows:</p> +<p>The party will be absent about two +years and a half, a three years’ leave of +absence having been accorded Lieutenant +Peary by the Navy Department. +They expect to be in camp, as indicated, +by the last week in July, when +the staunch “Falcon,” a sealing steamer +which carries them, will land the expedition +and return to Newfoundland. +The months of August and September, +all they will have before the Arctic +night sets in, will be utilized in three +ways: a party will be sent inland over +the ice-cap with a large store of provisions, +which will be stored as far to +the north as possible, to await the expedition +of the ensuing spring; another +party, under Lieutenant Peary himself, +will make a careful survey of Inglefield +Gulf, which is of rare scientific +interest on account of the tremendous +glaciers which discharge into it; and a +third party will busy itself hunting reindeer +and other game to supply the expedition +with fresh meat.</p> +<p>By November 1, 1893, they will go +into winter quarters, all occupying a +single house, which will be made as +comfortable as possible. During the +five or six months of darkness, scientific +work will be carried on, including a +thorough study of Esquimo habits and +institutions. Clothing will be made of +reindeer skins, and, in general, preparations +be completed for the advance +over the ice-cap. Lieutenant Peary +hopes to start the sledges northward +early in March, thus gaining two +months on the start made in ’92. The +season of ’94 will be spent in advancing +as rapidly as possible to the northern +extremity of Greenland, to Independence +Bay, discovered by Lieutenant +Peary in his recent expedition. At +this point the party will divide, several +men being detailed to explore the northeastern +coast of Greenland as far to +the south as Cape Bismarck, while +Lieutenant Peary with two picked men +will push across the fjord separating +Greenland from the land beyond, and +will advance thence still farther to the +north, as circumstances may direct. It +is probable that Lieutenant Peary will +spend the winter of ’94 to ’95 somewhere +in the neighborhood of northernmost +Greenland, very probably in the +most extreme northern latitude in which +any white man has wintered. In the +spring of ’95, or as soon as the season +will permit, he will make a further and +final advance, leaving time enough for +the party to return to Inglefield Gulf +before the fall. There a relief ship +will be in waiting to carry the expedition +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_157' name='page_157'></a>157</span> +back to New York with the results +of their explorations.</p> +<p>So much for Lieutenant Peary’s time-table; +now for what he hopes to accomplish.</p> +<p>To begin with, the party expect to +attain the highest north ever reached +by any Arctic expedition. The present +record is held by the Greely expedition, +two members of which reached +83° 24´ north latitude. The farthest +north reached by Lieutenant Peary in +his last expedition was 82° north latitude, +which is some eighty-four geographical +miles south of the point +reached by Lieutenant Lockwood of +the Greely party. Then, as already +mentioned, a complete survey will be +made of Inglefield Gulf, and also of +the entirely unknown stretch of land +on the northeastern coast of Greenland, +between Independence Bay and +Cape Bismarck.</p> +<p>In addition to this, the main object +of the expedition is to make a complete +map of the land lying to the +north of Greenland, or, rather, the Archipelago, +for it is believed that this region +is occupied by an extensive group +of islands. Unfortunately there is reason +for thinking that the lofty ice-cap +which will allow the explorers to reach +the northernmost point of Greenland +by sledging over the inland ice does +not continue in the same way over the +islands to the north of Greenland. +Both Lieutenant Peary in his observations +on the east, and Lieutenant Lockwood +on the west, remarked that the +land stretching away to the north was +in many places bare of ice and snow, +and rugged in its character. One reason +for this absence of an inland ice-cap +here is the fact that these islands +to the north lie low in the ocean compared +with mountainous Greenland. +Hence, in the summer, which is the +only season when an advance would +be possible, the ice and snow melt to +a great extent and leave the land bare. +Now in case Lieutenant Peary finds +that there is no continuous ice on this +northern land, he will skirt around the +shore on the ice of the open sea, for +this is present winter and summer +alike. It is likely that such an advance +over the ice-pack will be attended by +very serious difficulties, the ice being +heaped up in broken and uneven surfaces, +with mountains and chasms to +baffle the party. There may also be +spaces of open water where boats or +rafts will have to be used instead of +sledges. At any rate, the advance will +be made as far as possible, and the +land to the north of Greenland studied +and mapped as far as may be.</p> +<p>It is not the purpose of the expedition +to seek the North Pole itself. +They may and very probably will get +nearer to the Pole than anyone has +hitherto done. Lieutenant Peary is +confident that he will make the farthest +north, and General Greely is +inclined to admit this, and told me +some days ago in Washington that he +should not be surprised if Lieutenant +Peary reached 85° north latitude. In +any event, an approach to the North +Pole will be an incident in the expedition, +and not its main object.</p> +<p>Several important considerations +make it probable that Lieutenant +Peary’s present expedition will attain +a considerable measure of success. In +the first place, in starting from Bowdoin +Bay instead of from Redcliffe +House, there will be a gain of forty +miles rough hauling, which meant in +the recent expedition two weeks’ valuable +time. From Bowdoin Bay, the +party will be able to climb to the inland +ice-cap by the shortest and easiest +possible route. The fact that an +abundant supply of provisions will be +sent ahead during the present summer +will be a great advantage, and will do +away with the necessity of a supporting +party such as was employed on the +last expedition. To save the carrying +of a ton or so of provisions for even a +hundred miles is a matter of great +importance. Lieutenant Peary expects +to make a further saving in time by +choosing a course midway between the +one taken on his last journey to Independence +Bay and the one taken on +his return journey. These two courses, +it will be remembered, were unsatisfactory, +because in the advance to Independence +Bay he went too far to the +west and was caught in immense fissures +and depressions leading to the +glaciers, while on the return journey he +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_158' name='page_158'></a>158</span> +went so far to the east that the great +elevation above the sea level, often +eight thousand feet or more, made it +difficult to find the way or take observations +on account of perpetual fogs. +Now he proposes to avoid the two +extremes, and to search for an easier +course in a happy medium. A still +greater gain in time will be made by +starting the expedition early in March, +1894, instead of waiting until May, as +was the case before.</p> +<p>A novel feature of the expedition, +and one that will be of great service, +it is believed, in hauling the loads, will +be the use of pack horses in addition +to the dog teams. Lieutenant Peary, +during his recent western trip, secured +a number of hardy burros in Colorado, +which he believes will be able to endure +the Arctic winter. At any rate, +they will be very valuable in carrying +the advance provisions this present +season, and on a pinch they can be +turned into steaks. It has been found +possible to fit snow shoes to the hoofs +of these pack horses, so as to allow +them to advance as rapidly as the +dogs. An experiment similar to this +has been tried in Norway, where ponies +have been used successfully on snow, +and also in Alaska.</p> +<p>As to the size of the exploring party, +it will be small, comprising not more +than ten men in all, and several of these +will be left behind at the winter quarters. +Lieutenant Peary fully realizes +that an exploring party is no stronger +than the weakest of its members, and +will take along with him only men +whose endurance and loyalty have been +fully demonstrated. From the winter +camp the line of advance will be Independence +Bay, where the party will +divide, Lieutenant Peary pushing on +to the north, and his other men exploring +southward to Cape Bismarck. +From that point the latter party will +be instructed to return to the winter +camp directly across Greenland. +There is no human way of knowing +how Lieutenant Peary will return.</p> +<p>One question which will occur to +anxious friends of the explorer is, how +Lieutenant Peary and his two companions +will live during the winter of +’94 and ’95, at the northernmost point +of Greenland, where the foot of man has +never trod, and where no supplies could +reach them. The answer to this question +is, that the party will take with +them a very large supply of dried meat +and other necessaries, and that they +count on finding musk oxen in the +region where they will camp. In his +previous expedition, Lieutenant Peary +killed five of these musk oxen near +Independence Bay, and he saw many +others. With such a supply of fresh +meat, and with abundant means of +protecting themselves against the cold, +there is no reason why the party may +not live through the winter without +serious danger or even extraordinary +discomfort. Leigh Smith was able to +pass a winter on Franz-Josef Land +under much less favorable conditions.</p> +<p>In a general way it may be said, +in conclusion, that the present Peary +expedition starts out with bright prospects. +Advantage has been taken of +errors and oversights made by others +in the past. Dangers and difficulties +have been foreseen, and will be guarded +against. A sensible, and to a great extent +feasible, plan of advance has been +adopted. In a word, everything would +seem to have been done to prevent the +recurrence of one of those wretched +tragedies which have stained and saddened +the records of Arctic exploration.</p> +<blockquote> +<p><span class='smcap'>Editor’s Note.</span>—The expedition of Lieutenant Peary is undertaken at his own expense, +with the aid of voluntary subscriptions.</p> +<p>Contributions from one dollar up may be sent to Professor Angelo Heilprin, Academy of +Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_159' name='page_159'></a>159</span> +<a name='AN_EXPEDITION_TO_THE_NORTH_MAGNETIC_POLE_BY_W_H_GILDER_AUTHOR_OF_SCHWATKAS_SEARCH_ICE_PACK_AND_TUNDRA_ETC' id='AN_EXPEDITION_TO_THE_NORTH_MAGNETIC_POLE_BY_W_H_GILDER_AUTHOR_OF_SCHWATKAS_SEARCH_ICE_PACK_AND_TUNDRA_ETC'></a> +<h2>AN EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH MAGNETIC POLE. +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By W. H. Gilder.</span> <br />Author of “Schwatka’s Search,” “Ice Pack and Tundra,” etc.</span></h2> +</div> +<p>On the Fourth of July, 1879, after a +long and tedious journey over +territory never before crossed by man, +I stood with Lieutenant Schwatka on +Cape Felix, the most northern point of +King William’s Land.</p> +<p>Looking in the direction of the Isthmus +of Boothia, not more than twenty +miles to the eastward, across the frozen +surface of McClintock Channel, we +could see the snow-covered hills of +Cape Adelaide, radiant with all the +tints of the rainbow, in the light of the +midnight sun. It was there that, nearly +half a century before, Sir James Ross +had located the North Magnetic Pole. +The place is invested with deep interest +to all explorers, but, with us, the +pleasure was mitigated by the knowledge +that we were entirely devoid of +instruments with which to improve the +opportunity of either verifying the +work already done or continuing it +upon the same line of research.</p> +<p>Ever since that time I have been +strongly imbued with the desire to +return to that field of labor with a +party of observers properly equipped +to make an exhaustive search through +that storehouse of hidden knowledge.</p> +<p>About three years ago I brought the +subject uppermost in my mind to the +attention of Professor T. C. Mendenhall, +Superintendent of the United +States Coast and Geodetic Survey, in +Washington, and to that of his assistant, +Professor Charles A. Schott, in +charge of the computing division of +that bureau. From the first both of +these gentlemen have been strong advocates +of such an expedition.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:276px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_72' id='linki_72'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus178.jpg' alt='' title='' width='276' height='340' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +COLONEL W. H. GILDER.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“The importance</span> of a redetermination +of the geographical position of +the North Magnetic Pole,” said Professor +Mendenhall, in a letter to the +Secretary of the Treasury written at +that time, “has long been recognized +by all interested in the theory of the +earth’s magnetism or its application. +The point as determined by Ross in +the early part of this century was not +located with that degree of accuracy +which modern science demands and +permits, and, besides, it is altogether +likely that its position is not a fixed +one. Our knowledge of the secular +variation of the magnetic needle would +be greatly increased by better information +concerning this Magnetic Pole, +and, in my judgment, it would be the +duty of the Government to offer all +possible encouragement to any suitably +organized exploring expedition which +might undertake to seek for this information.”</p> +<p>Acting upon a further recommendation +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_160' name='page_160'></a>160</span> +in this letter, the Secretary of the +Treasury requested the President of +the National Academy of Sciences to +appoint a committee of its members, +or others familiar with the difficult +problems involved, “to formulate a +plan or scheme for carrying out a +systematic search for the North Magnetic +Pole, and kindred work,” and +such a committee was subsequently appointed, +with Professor S. P. Langley, +Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, +as chairman.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:271px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_73' id='linki_73'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus179.jpg' alt='' title='' width='271' height='345' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +GENERAL A. W. GREELY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>The work proposed</span> by this expedition +has attracted the attention and +held the interest of scientists everywhere, +and material aid from several +scientific bodies has already been +pledged toward the securing of the +necessary funds for transporting the +party to the field of its labors, and its +maintenance while at work there.</p> +<p>The observers will be selected from +among the officers of the United States +Navy attached to the Coast Survey, +who have had special training in magnetic +field work. That bureau will also +provide the necessary instruments, but, +in the absence of any appropriation +that could be applied to the transportation +and maintenance of the party in +the field, the funds for that purpose +have to be obtained by the voluntary +contribution of those with means and +inclination to aid so important an enterprise.</p> +<p>Said the late Professor Trowbridge +of Columbia College, in a lecture upon +the data to be obtained by this expedition +for subsequent expert discussion, +“We are living in an epoch in the +world’s history when man is struggling +for a higher and more perfect life, not +only against the degrading tendencies +of his inherited nature, but to make +the forces of nature subservient to his +advancement and well being. Among +these forces there are none which seem +to affect or control the conditions of +animal life on the earth more than heat, +light, electricity, and magnetism, all, +perhaps, the manifestations of one cosmical +agent. As the variations of the +magnetic force appear to follow lesser +and greater cycles, it is not impossible +that nearly all terrestrial phenomena, +which depend on causes allied to magnetism, +follow similar cycles. We can +now predict the course of storms; may +we not hope to determine their origin +and predict their recurrence, as far as +they depend upon the forces which +have been mentioned? A knowledge +of the laws of the cycles through which +these forces pass is the first and only +step in this direction to be taken, and +this step must be made by patient, long-continued +observations.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:278px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_74' id='linki_74'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus180.jpg' alt='' title='' width='278' height='283' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +PROFESSOR T. C. MENDENHALL.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>An immediate practical</span> use of the +observations to be made is their application +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_161' name='page_161'></a>161</span> +to the correction of compass +errors. Every one can see that such +work as tends to render the mariner’s +compass a more reliable instrument +must be of immediate and direct benefit, +not only to the sailor, but to the +surveyor on land.</p> +<p>Admitting that the observations of +such an expedition as that to the North +Magnetic Pole will be of scientific and +general value, it remains to explain +something of the personnel of the party, +how the work is to be conducted, and +by what route it will reach the field of +its labor.</p> +<p>Besides the two observers of terrestrial +magnetism to be +supplied by the Coast +Survey, there will be a +physician fitted by education +and habits of +study to take charge +of some scientific portion +of the work, in +which he will be specially +instructed by the +Superintendent of the +Coast Survey or his assistant. +There will also +be three sailors selected +from the whaling fleet, +who will have charge of +the three whale boats +belonging to the outfit, +and act as assistants to +the several observers. +The writer of this article, +by reason of his +experience in Arctic +travel, will have charge +of the expedition in all except the scientific +work, the reports on which will +be turned over directly to the officers +of the United States Coast and Geodetic +Survey for reduction and discussion +upon the return of the party +from the field.</p> +<p>The scheme of work has already +been prepared by Professor Charles A. +Schott, who is looked upon as probably +the best informed on all the details +of terrestrial magnetism of all men in +this or any other country. In the +course of his exhaustive report upon +this subject he says: “The magnetic +observations proper will comprise the +measure of the three elements, the +declination, the dip, and the intensity, +which fully define the magnetic force +at a place. The measures will be +partly absolute and partly differential, +and will be considered under two +heads; those to be taken while travelling, +and those to be attended +to at winter quarters.” Detailed instructions +for this work are given +which are too technical to be interesting +except to the specialist. He recommends +that a single cocoon thread carrying +a sewing needle shall be used +to observe the declination where by +proximity to the Magnetic Pole the +horizontal force is weak. For it must +be borne in mind that the Magnetic +Pole is the point where the vertical +force, called “dip,” is greatest—represented +by 90°—while the horizontal +force, called “declination,” is 0°.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_75' id='linki_75'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus181.png' alt='' title='' width='391' height='335' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +DIAGRAM OF THE NORTH MAGNETIC POLE REGION.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>The observations for dip, naturally +the most important of the survey, will +be made with a Kew Dip Circle employing +two needles; the usual reversals +of circle, face, and polarity should +be attended to at each station, to place +the instrument in the plane of the +magnetic meridian. The usual method +of finding the plane of the meridian +will probably not answer in that part +of the world for want of sufficient +accuracy; the direction of the magnetic +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_162' name='page_162'></a>162</span> +meridian should, therefore, be taken as +indicated by the delicately suspended +needle of the declination instrument, +and, where this method fails, dip observations +should be made in any two +planes 90° apart, of which the first +plane is preferably that of the meridian +as guessed at.</p> +<p>It is proposed to charter a steam +whaler to take the party from St. +John’s, Newfoundland, to the northern +part of Repulse Bay, which, being +directly connected with Hudson’s Bay, +is the nearest point to the pole-containing +area that is accessible any year. +There a permanent station is to be +erected where regular observations will +be continued all the time and from +which each spring a field party (perhaps +two) will start to locate the geographical +position of the pole.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:333px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_76' id='linki_76'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus182.png' alt='' title='' width='333' height='406' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +PROFESSOR C. A. SCHOTT.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>It may be</span> well to repeat that the +Magnetic Pole is that point where the +needle of the dip circle is absolutely +vertical—where it stands at exactly +90° to the plane of the horizon.</p> +<p>To find this unknown spot the +observer follows as nearly as possible +the direction indicated by the delicately +poised needle of the declinometer. +The magnetic meridian is not always +a straight line, and may therefore +indicate a very circuitous route, but +by a system something like the regular +approaches to a besieged fort one may +be certain of arriving there eventually.</p> +<p>For instance, when the needle indicates +a dip of 89° the stations should +be nearer together—say not farther +apart than twenty miles, if possible, +and these intervals should be less as +the dip increases.</p> +<p>Suppose the observer to have reached +a point where the dip is found +to be 89° 30´, and at the next +station he has 89° 35´, at the +next 89° 40´. At the next he +may find only 89° 37´; he then +returns to where he found the +greatest dip and starts off at +right angles, one way or the +other, to that course. As long +as the dip continues to increase, +he knows he is travelling in the +right direction. When it again +decreases he returns to the +point of his last greatest dip +and travels at right angles to +his last course as long as the +dip increases. In this way he +will eventually see the absolute +verticity of the suspended +needle marked and know he +has reached the North Magnetic +Pole at last. Sir James +Ross did not succeed so well, +the needle marking only 89° 59´ +of verticity. But as this +would indicate that he was +within one and a quarter to +two miles of the point sought, +he was justified in feeling elated at his +success.</p> +<p>It is believed, however, that with the +improved instruments of the present +day, and in the light of our increased +knowledge of terrestrial magnetism, +absolute accuracy is now demanded. +These observations will have to be +repeated from time to time until at +last we shall know with certainty +whether or not the North Magnetic +Pole is a fixed or movable point, and +if it is found to move, the direction +and rate of that motion shall be positively +determined.</p> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_163' name='page_163'></a>163</span> +<a name='THE_MERCHANTMEN_BY_RUDYARD_KIPLING' id='THE_MERCHANTMEN_BY_RUDYARD_KIPLING'></a> +<h2>THE MERCHANTMEN. +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Rudyard Kipling.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<div class='poem' style='width: 25em'><div class='stanza'> +<p>King Solomon drew merchantmen</p> +<p class='indent2'>Because of his desire</p> +<p>For peacocks, apes, and ivory</p> +<p class='indent2'>From Tarshish unto Tyre:</p> +<p>And Drake he sacked La Guayra,</p> +<p class='indent2'>So stout of heart was he;</p> +<p>But we be only sailormen</p> +<p class='indent2'>That use upon the sea.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p><i>Coastwise—cross-seas—round the world and back again,</i></p> +<p class='indent2'><i>Where the flaw shall head us or the full trade suits!</i></p> +<p><i>Plain-sail—storm-sail—lay your board and tack again—</i></p> +<p class='indent2'><i>And that’s the way we pay Paddy Doyle for his boots!</i></p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>Now we have come to youward</p> +<p class='indent2'>To walk beneath the trees,</p> +<p>And see the folk that live on land</p> +<p class='indent2'>And ride in carriages.</p> +<p>Oh, sure they must be silly gulls</p> +<p class='indent2'>That do with pains desire</p> +<p>To build a house that cannot move</p> +<p class='indent2'>Of stones and sticks and mire.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>We bring no store of ingots,</p> +<p class='indent2'>Of gold or precious stones,</p> +<p>But that we have we gathered</p> +<p class='indent2'>With sweat and aching bones:</p> +<p>In flame beneath the tropics,</p> +<p class='indent2'>In frost upon the floe,</p> +<p>And jeopardy of every wind</p> +<p class='indent2'>That does between them go.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>And some we got by purchase,</p> +<p class='indent2'>And some we had by trade,</p> +<p>And some we took by courtesy</p> +<p class='indent2'>Of pike and carronade,</p> +<p>At midnight, ’mid sea meetings</p> +<p class='indent2'>For charity to keep,</p> +<p>And light the rolling homeward bound</p> +<p class='indent2'>That rode a foot too deep.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_164' name='page_164'></a>164</span></p> +<p>By sport of bitter weather</p> +<p class='indent2'>We’re walty, strained, and scarred</p> +<p>From the kentledge of the kelson</p> +<p class='indent2'>To the slings upon the yard.</p> +<p>Six oceans had their will of us</p> +<p class='indent2'>To carry all away—</p> +<p>Our galley’s in the Baltic,</p> +<p class='indent2'>And our boom’s in Mossel Bay!</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>We’ve floundered off the Texel,</p> +<p class='indent2'>Awash with sodden deals,</p> +<p>We’ve slipped from Valparaiso</p> +<p class='indent2'>With the Norther at our heels:</p> +<p>We’ve ratched beyond the Crossets</p> +<p class='indent2'>That tusk the Southern Pole,</p> +<p>And dipped our gunnels under</p> +<p class='indent2'>To the dread Agulhas’ roll.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>Beyond all outer chartings</p> +<p class='indent2'>We sailed where none have sailed,</p> +<p>And saw the land-lights burning</p> +<p class='indent2'>On islands none have hailed.</p> +<p>Our hair stood up for wonder,</p> +<p class='indent2'>But when the night was done</p> +<p>There rolled the deep to windward</p> +<p class='indent2'>Blue-empty ’neath the sun!</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>Strange consorts rode beside us</p> +<p class='indent2'>And brought us evil luck;</p> +<p>The witch-fire climbed our channels,</p> +<p class='indent2'>And danced on vane and truck:</p> +<p>Till, through the red tornado,</p> +<p class='indent2'>That lashed us nigh to blind,</p> +<p>We saw The Dutchman plunging,</p> +<p class='indent2'>Full canvas, head to wind!</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>We’ve heard the Midnight Leadsman</p> +<p class='indent2'>That calls the black deeps down—</p> +<p>Ay, thrice we heard The Swimmer,</p> +<p class='indent2'>The soul that may not drown.</p> +<p>On frozen bunt and gasket</p> +<p class='indent2'>The sleet-cloud drave her hosts,</p> +<p>When, manned by more than signed with us,</p> +<p class='indent2'>We passed the Isle o’ Ghosts!</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_165' name='page_165'></a>165</span></p> +<p>And north, among the hummocks,</p> +<p class='indent2'>A biscuit-toss below,</p> +<p>We met the silent shallop</p> +<p class='indent2'>That frighted whalers know;</p> +<p>For down a bitter ice-lane,</p> +<p class='indent2'>That opened as he sped,</p> +<p>We saw dead Henry Hudson</p> +<p class='indent2'>Steer, North by West, his dead.</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>So dealt God’s waters with us</p> +<p class='indent2'>Beneath the roaring skies,</p> +<p>So walked His signs and marvels</p> +<p class='indent2'>All naked to our eyes:</p> +<p>But we were heading homeward</p> +<p class='indent2'>With trade to lose or make—</p> +<p>Good Lord, they slipped behind us</p> +<p class='indent2'>In the tailing of our wake!</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p>Let go, let go the anchors;</p> +<p class='indent2'>Now shamed at heart are we</p> +<p>To bring so poor a cargo home</p> +<p class='indent2'>That had for gift the sea!</p> +<p>Let go—let go the anchors—</p> +<p class='indent2'>Ah, fools were we and blind—</p> +<p>The worst we saved with bitter toil,</p> +<p class='indent2'>The best we left behind!</p> +</div><div class='stanza'> +<p><i>Coastwise—cross-seas—round the world and back again,</i></p> +<p class='indent2'><i>Where the flaw shall fail us or the trades drive down:</i></p> +<p><i>Plain-sail—storm-sail—lay your board and tack again—</i></p> +<p class='indent2'><i>And all to bring a cargo into London Town!</i></p> +</div></div> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_77' id='linki_77'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus186.png' alt='' title='' width='573' height='240' /> +<br /> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_166' name='page_166'></a>166</span> +<a name='MONSIEUR_DE_BLOWITZ_BY_W_MORTON_FULLERTON' id='MONSIEUR_DE_BLOWITZ_BY_W_MORTON_FULLERTON'></a> +<h2>MONSIEUR DE BLOWITZ. +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By W. Morton Fullerton.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<p>When Taine died, people whom +his books had interested felt a +sudden longing to say all that they +had been thinking about his famous +theory of the “<i>milieu</i>.” Taine had +been, with Renan, the chief literary +medium of thought in France; but +while Renan was altogether useful, +caring as he did more for his method +than for its results, Taine, with his +imperative and beautiful consistency, +imposed on the younger generation a +habit of applying the principle of environment +which was somewhat lacking +in criticism. No one but an artist +of his surprising agility and perceptions +could have made such a method +so universal. The French wilfully attain +clearness by defect of vision, but +this is the same thing as saying that +they attain plausibility at the expense +of truth. Taine died, and the thing +we lacked courage to say to his face +we have all been saying now that he is +safe and irresponsible, as well as unresponsive, +in the earth.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:255px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_78' id='linki_78'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus187.jpg' alt='' title='' width='255' height='402' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>An inevitable</span> way, undoubtedly, to +be assured of the insufficiency of +Taine’s method is to read Taine’s +books; and the first book of all, the +“Essay on La Fontaine,” is, I may insert +the observation, as conclusive as +the last in this respect. But in order +to obtain the conviction that what the +critic can get to know of the environing +conditions of any product, human +or other, does not explain that product, +one needs not go to Taine’s +books; one has only to apply it to the +things and people one knows best. +The result will be unsatisfactory. The +critic will find a thousand elements in +that particular product’s individuality +thus left unexplained; in a word, the +theory is one natural, no doubt, to the +Olympians, who see all things; but impracticable +for men who, even at their +best, see only very little. Apply it to +yourself; apply it to your friends. +Apply it to the person of whom I am +going to speak, to M. de Blowitz, the +Paris correspondent of an English +newspaper, the “Times.” The act will +result in a failure, a scientific failure, +whatever the artistic success. Yet M. +de Blowitz is a very remarkable human +fact; and that a philosophic or critical +method cannot be applied to him with +triumph, for both him and the method—is +this not of itself a consideration +extraordinary enough to vitiate the +whole method? A much more important +thing to know than what determined +this or that product, whether it +be the Book of Judges, or the Panama +trial, or M. Taine, or M. de Blowitz, is +what they themselves determined; what +followed, because of their existence; +and though this be reasoning in a +dizzy circle, I cling to the remark as +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_167' name='page_167'></a>167</span> +a not unapt way to introduce my subject. +A chief reason why M. de Blowitz +is worth considering is, that he is +and always has been a producer himself, +a fact pregnant with a thousand +others, rather than the resultant of +many vague facts that have gone before. +Most of us must be content with +being, comparatively speaking, only +results. M. de Blowitz, prodigious +result as he is, is even more striking +as initiator, as himself the creator of +a special environment, as himself in +his own way a “final cause.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_79' id='linki_79'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus188.jpg' alt='' title='' width='578' height='433' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +THE DINING-ROOM IN M. DE BLOWITZ’S PARIS HOME.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>Cosmopolite in a world becoming +rapidly no larger than the tiniest of +the asteroids, M. de Blowitz is one +of those who have most contributed to +this planetary shrinkage. His career +is a continual and entertaining illustration +of the truth that tact can render +even tolerance successful. For he is +the most amiable, the most tolerant +of men, and yet he has blazed a wide +path through the woodland of warring +interests in which every man who seeks +to succeed runs risk, not only of losing +his way, but of setting all the other +denizens of the forest against him. +Ordinarily, success implies that a man +is a man of only one idea. What +Frenchman said: “Truth is a wedge +that makes its way only by being +struck”? I have forgotten. At all +events, isn’t the remark nine times out +of ten true? But M. de Blowitz could +apply for the honor of being the proverbial +exception. His workshop is +full of wedges, and a more impatient +man would have used up all of them +long ago, after having hammered the +battered tops into a condition of splay +disfigurement. M. de Blowitz does +not do this. He knew and knows a +better way. He can afford to wait. +He likes to wait. He has the good +and amiable heart of a man who, like +Odysseus, has seen many men and +countries, and knows that all things—I +include even people who are “bores”—have +a point of view that may be +rendered interesting. Himself one of +the most individualized of contemporary +institutions, his own career is a +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_168' name='page_168'></a>168</span> +standing argument against the sacredness +of the idea of institutions. Yet, +though he has inevitably learned how +relative things in general are, he himself +appeals to his friends as unusually +self-contained and absolute. Diplomatist +among diplomatists, he is more +powerful than any of them, because he +works in the interest of the whole +rather than in that of a part. Loyal +absolutely to the “Times,” which, to its +accidental honor, has entangled him, +the “Times” is, at its best, only the +accidental projection, a kind of chronic +double, of himself. His letters are +kind attentions which have the air of +a continual favor. Though better recompensed +than favors sometimes are, +and though, whatever their contents, +they will be read by everybody, this +is not only because what the author +writes is important, but because he does +not write when he has nothing to say.</p> +<h3>M. DE BLOWITZ AT HIS SUMMER HOME.</h3> +<p>This reticence is superb, and one of +its practical results has been the remarkable +physical vigor of this man +who is after all no longer young. One +should see him in his country home. +M. de Blowitz went up and down the +north coast of France, hunting for an +eyry. He found it on the wooded top +of one of the side slopes of the thousand +and one ravines in which fishermen +along that coast had fixed their cabins, +at the small hamlet of <i>Les Petites Dalles</i>. +Like Alphonse Karr at Etretat, he +made the fame of this spot. Your +guide-book will tell you the fact. “M. +de Blowitz, correspondent of the English +newspaper the ‘Times,’ has a villa +here.” I defy you to find any other +distinction special to this place. The +high Normandy coast is always charming, +but it is equally so at a hundred +other points. And of what charm +there is here simply as village, M. Blowitz’s +presence would seem to threaten +the partial extinction. For this very +presence is rendering the spot famous +and crowded. Sit in the afternoon listening +to the three violins that provide +the music, and, taking your absinthe on +one of those hard benches within the +narrow limits of the space there called +Casino, you will run the risk of overhearing +a conversation like this:</p> +<p>“This is your first summer here?”</p> +<p>“Yes, came last night. I am tired +of Pau, and thought I could bury +myself here. But there’s too much +world.”</p> +<p>“Yes, but what a world it is!”</p> +<p>“Oh, I don’t mind that! They say +there’s enough society in the villas. +Since de Blowitz built the <i>Lampottes</i> +and has brought his friends down, +there are some people <i>très bien de la +meilleure société</i> on the cliffs. That’s +the place up there, the house with the +flag above all the others. I walked +up there this morning. He has a tennis +court. Looking up the gravel walk, +I saw him sitting on the veranda. +That’s M. Ernest Daudet’s place just +under him in the trees—<i>mais voilà</i>; +there he is.”</p> +<p>Towards three o’clock in the afternoon, +indeed, almost daily, M. de Blowitz +has an amiable habit. He walks +down with members of his family, and +the guests who are staying with him, to +the pretty bathing-cabins, in front of +which stretches an improvised awning, +and, picturesque in his colored flannels, +he sits himself down with a cigar to +watch the bathers. He, the most distinguished +of European critics, is here +and now the object of many curious +and admiring observations. He holds +here a little court on the shingle beach. +Brightly dressed women gather to him +from every point of the compass; +while he who has his emissaries in +every quarter of the world, and whose +subtle influence is felt at each episode +of the European movement, gives himself +up with pardonable indulgence—under +the ample umbrella—to the +pretty trifles of glib women’s charm +and chatter. Before he has enjoyed +enough, and obedient to one of those +harmless devices in which well-taught +men of the world often indulge, he retires +from this charmed and, as I can +affirm, charming circle, and climbs to +the great villa on the cliff. There are +letters to be written and telegrams to +be sent to Paris, and perhaps an article +meditated during the afternoon.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_80' id='linki_80'></a> +</div> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_169' name='page_169'></a>169</span> +<img src='images/illus191.jpg' alt='' title='' width='422' height='600' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +M. DE BLOWITZ IN HIS STUDY.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>The doors of the <i>Lampottes</i> are wide +open upon the great veranda, and the +winds of the channel enter there, warmed +from blowing over the upland grass. +The life within is the ideally tranquil +existence of an English country gentleman. +Where did this cosmopolite, +who really has no English roots, learn +the system? For the hospitality of +England can scarcely be translated +with full flavor into any other idiom. +The <i>schloss</i> of Germany or of the Tyrol, +the <i>chateau</i> of France, have never, within +my experience of lazy summers, +afforded just the same delightful background +as the country house of England. +Yet to the <i>Lampottes</i> the peculiar +air has somehow been conjured. All +the country round about this house is +Norman, and therefore English—that +is, dense, rich, familiar—so that the +English illusion is complete. But no +reader of M. de Blowitz’s correspondence +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_170' name='page_170'></a>170</span> +in the “Times” would ever have +thought of placing the author in these +surroundings. The <i>raconteur</i> of the +reminiscences in “Harper’s Magazine” +must appeal to the American reader as +a sort of bustling incarnation of the +ubiquitous telegraph, unwearied, and +knowing not even in his dreams the +first soothing tremor of the sound of +the word “rest.” On the contrary, M. +de Blowitz rests frequently and smiles +quietly. Large himself, he likes large +air, large rooms, large landscapes, large +and general ideas. And what contributes +to all this more than rest, which +gives time to think? It is a generous +and natural temper, and that is why the +great doors from the veranda are open +to the channel winds.</p> +<p>Although M. de Blowitz wears in his +buttonhole, in bright contrast to the +famous flowing tie, the rosette of the +French Legion of Honor, he is not in +race a Frenchman; yet he is sufficiently +French in two conspicuous +characteristics. The French strike +me as being, with the Americans, the +most naturally intelligent people on +the western part of the planet. But the +Frenchman is also <i>bon enfant</i>, and for +the moment I do not stop to consider +that he always remains <i>enfant</i>. To be +intelligent and <i>bon enfant</i> at once is to +promise all kinds of successes in life, +and to be both is to make success +charming. M. de Blowitz is both. He +has been, therefore, a charming success. +The nature of this success defies +analysis, but as a result can be described.</p> +<h3>THE BEGINNING OF A CAREER.</h3> +<p>It is now more than twenty years +since a young man appeared before the +enthusiast, Laurence Oliphant, then +correspondent of the English “Times,” +and rendered himself so indispensable +to Oliphant that the latter, with the +quixotic temper peculiar to him, felt it, +I believe, a moral duty to abdicate. +This young man had already so distinguished +himself at Marseilles, during +Communal riots there, as to attract the +attention and merit the gratitude of +Thiers. Justly rating his powers as a +diplomatist, and knowing himself to be +an indefatigable worker, he conceived +the notion of becoming a sort of +general self-accredited representative +to every European Court, and of inducing +the “Times” to afford him an organ +of communication with his diplomatic +rivals everywhere. The “Times” is +the secluded pool into which England +loves to gaze when it plays the <i>rôle</i> +of Narcissus. And when Narcissus-England +admires itself therein, that is, +once a day the year round, it not only +sees the healthy, beaming, determined +visage of John Bull, but notes with +approval his quiet expression of +patience and caution, his willingness to +wait. The “Times” kept M. de Blowitz +waiting for some time before it found +him as relatively indispensable as he +really was, and always has been since; +but finally the moment came when M. +de Blowitz, seated before his desk, +could feel himself more than the equal +of his diplomatist <i>confrères</i>. Statesman +he was not, nor ambassador; for +these words imply limitations, a condition +of responsibility to this or that +state. But diplomatist he was, and in +this entire class of men he was the +most powerful of all; for he found +himself in the position of critic, unattached, +of the European movement, +owing allegiance to no country, although +sought out by the representatives +of all. What position save that +of the Pope afforded a more enviable +outlook? The chances were undoubtedly +all on the side of his playing the +great <i>rôle</i> which the happy coincidence +of an unusually exciting time in Europe, +and his own activity, tact and perception, +combined to create for him. He +has himself lately been telling us in an +American magazine some of the episodes +in which he played his part. I +will not dilute the flavor of the original +by any individual essence of my own. +The reminiscences are accessible and +are not to be imitated. But to the +reader of them one fact above all others +will be evident: M. de Blowitz was and +is a diplomatist of the first order. Seek +to explain the eternal hatred felt +towards him by a Prince Bismarck on +any other ground. The attempt is impossible.</p> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_171' name='page_171'></a>171</span></div> +<h3>IDEALS OF A GREAT JOURNALIST.</h3> +<p>Whatever M. de Blowitz’s loyalty to +the “Times,” he has been loyal above +all to his own ideal. This ideal has +always been to get at the most political +truth possible as +a condition of exerting +an individual +influence +on European +states in the interest +of European +peace. To +me, individually, +this ideal seems +rather too generous. +Everybody +now-a-days +wants to take a +part in affairs, +when only to +look on is surely +the one wise part +to take. But +generous M. de +Blowitz is, and +he is demonstrating +now, in a +series of “recollections,” +that +his ideal can be +carried out in a +striking way. I +do not deny for +a moment that +the point is proven. +I doubt very +much, however, +if any other similar +series of facts +will ever be marshalled +to the +same end. But +all the more reason +for being belongs, +just for this cause, to the “Blowitziana.”</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_81' id='linki_81'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus194.png' alt='' title='' width='447' height='596' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +THE <i>Lampottes</i>; THE COUNTRY HOUSE OF M. DE BLOWITZ.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p>The “Blowitziana”! This, however, +is just what some of us feel more +inspired, than at liberty, to give. I +recall here, over this paper, too many +things at once; and all the impressions, +seeing M. de Blowitz as I do continually, +fortunately lack perspective. But +to note this and that about him seems +in a way as much a duty as a pleasure, +for I remember well that my original +notion of this remarkable man was +widely different from that which began +to form in my mind once I knew him. +I don’t think that people who hear +about him, people who read his name +in the newspapers, the average citizen +of the world who doesn’t know him personally, +have quite the right idea about +him. During the last twenty years he +has obtained a reputation for being the +most persistent ferreter of news in existence; +but in many minds there is +distrust whenever, over his signature, +some unexpected revelation comes to +change the key in the European concert. +Perhaps an unlooked-for document +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_172' name='page_172'></a>172</span> +is published, interrupting the plans +of European statesmen, bringing to +nothing all their most elaborate scheming; +and on the morrow, by some official +source, comes a denial that any such +document was ever dreamed of. It is +obviously impracticable for M. de +Blowitz to give his proofs, and this or +that unthinking reader, used to a thousand +irresponsible writers who care +only for what is sensational, and who +never verify their information, hurriedly +relegates the disclosure of the +“Times” correspondent to the same +category. This is natural enough, of +course. But let there be no mistake. +The revelation was worthy of the name; +of this you may be sure. M. de +Blowitz has done all that he intended +to do. He has nipped in the bud this +or that diplomatic scheme; he has +anticipated some subsequent further +revelation; or it may be he has laid +the net for some other and less wary +diplomatist. The diplomatists themselves +are not so incredulous. They +listen to what M. de Blowitz is saying +with a more respectful attention, and, +thinking discretion the better part of +valor, they usually end in bringing their +mite to his universal diplomatic bureau. +Upon his discretion they know they can +count.</p> +<p>Here is a fact in point. Breakfasting +once in Paris with an amiable lady +and a very distinguished diplomatist +who was also a poet, the conversation +fell on the subject of M. de Blowitz +and Count Munster who had recently +been the object of a long-resounding +letter in the “Times.” The diplomatist +who sat opposite me spoke freely of +the Munster episode, which was then +entertaining the whole of Europe, save +the person most concerned.</p> +<p>“M. de Blowitz,” said he, “is our +only peer. But there should be honor +even among thieves. He has ‘cooked +Count Munster’s goose.’”</p> +<p>“Yes,” I replied, “but with fuel of +Count Munster’s own providing.”</p> +<p>“Quite so,” he continued; “but of +course we are paid to deny just such +things as this. And I have heard of +licensed jesters, but the world has +come to a pretty pass if we are to be +at the mercy of licensed truth-tellers. +What will become, this side of the Orient, +of our profession?”</p> +<p>“I agree with you,” interrupted our +host; “but what does it matter so only +diplomacy may be the bay-leaves of +poets, and you may have time to take +the world into your confidence in +verse?”</p> +<p>This estimate, implied in the ambassador’s +somewhat cynical words, has +always been shared by all M. de Blowitz’s +<i>confrères</i>. It would be more than +amusing, it <ins title='Removed duplicate word'>would</ins> be curiously +instructive, to corroborate this anecdote +by comparison with the hundred +others that tremble in the ink of my +pen. But fortunately it is many years +before “Blowitziana” will be written, +while now there are Hawaii and Panama +and the Papal ambassador to the +United States to occupy our attention. +Yet because of the existence of just +this assurance in the foreign offices of +all the European powers, it seems necessary +to set the average reader on +his guard against a natural error. +What it all comes to is this—M. Jules +Simon has said it—“Newspapers are +better served than kings and peoples.”</p> +<p>Everybody has been recently talking +of an extraordinary scheme of M. de +Blowitz for the reformation of journalism. +That article, crackling with +anathema against the ignorance and +irresponsibility of most modern journalism, +and warm with generous and +high notions of what constitutes the +duty and privilege of the journalist, +had about it a surprising flavor of detachment +and idealism which recalled +the famous Utopian schemes familiar +in the pedantic idiom of scholars. It +was a dream, a warning—a vision of a +kind of journalistic “City of God.” +But the air of that city is, after all, the +air of the world in which M. de Blowitz, +the most surprisingly unprofessional +of men, seems eternally to live.</p> +<p>Not that he is always an idealist. He +was not, for instance, when, jumping +the wall at Versailles after a dinner to +the Shah of Persia, he outwitted every +journalist in the palace garden, and, as +he says, “made five enemies in a single +well-employed evening.” No, even the +most ubiquitous of American reporters +would admit that he may be practical +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_173' name='page_173'></a>173</span> +enough when need be. But after all, +and above all, he is an idealist, marked +by a distinguished imagination and an +amiable and generous sympathy. No +journalistic tag is on him. He is simply +a gentleman with the widest interests +and uncommon capacities who +succeeded in convincing the “Times” +(this, of itself, is surely by way of being +a <i>vrai coup de maître</i>), and then every +other intelligent observer, of his power +and usefulness. He has his own philanthropic +ends, for the propagation of +which it pleases him to have so esteemed +a medium as the “Times.”</p> +<h3>IN HIS PARIS HOME.</h3> +<p>The people who come to see him—the +deputies, the ministers, the ambassadors, +the writers, the artists, the simple +<i>gens du monde</i>—come more often not to +his office, but to his warm and hospitable +home. Here, in one of the streets +that wind about the Star Arch at the +head of the Champs Élysées, he receives +all the world, rather as the +charming gentleman than the historic +journalist de Blowitz. The centre—I +must add the admired centre—of a devoted +family circle, he discourses at his +dinner-table of the serious events of +the day, volubly, picturesquely, and +with conviction. Yet he is always ready +to listen, and even to alter his opinions +at a moment’s notice, though that notice +must be good. While he himself +makes the coffee, the talk becomes less +exacting and more general. Often he +tells you of his pictures, and points out +to you the panels set into the wall of +the room, works of his friends, great +canvases by M. Clairin or Mme. Sarah +Bernhardt; and one, a sunny view +of the Norman house on the cliff, by +M. Duphot. After dinner in the private +study, with its high walls covered +with paintings and souvenirs and autograph +photographs of the greatest +names of France, you smoke in the +arms of your easy-chair, the wood fire +burning brightly in an ample chimney; +while your host, propped by divan +cushions, and with one leg curled under +him, drops grandly into pleasant +reminiscences. One has visions of Bagdad. +After an hour like this, you wonder +when M. de Blowitz works. But +he has been working all the time. He +has been thinking in one half of a very +capacious brain and talking from another. +The chances are that he will +have planned a column article for the +“Times” newspaper, left you for a +half hour to rummage in his books +while he dictates the article, telephoned +for his carriage to await him at nine +o’clock in the court below, and asked +you to accompany him to the opera—all +before he has finished his cigar. +But then the cigar is a remarkably +good one, and knows not, as is the case +with ambassadorial nicotine, the protective +customs of France.</p> +<p>Life means to M. de Blowitz a mental +activity and alertness that never +sleep. Yet he is always amiable, tolerating +everything except stupidity. +He is a journalist by “natural selection.” +But that, in the Europe of his +time, and given the accidents of his fortune, +made him the diplomatist that he +has been and is. He can keep a secret +as well as tell one. I repeat, he disproves +that masterly theory of Taine, +who drove facts like wild horses into a +corral in order, having lassoed them, +to tame them to his own uses; for, +like Taine himself, he has made his +own <i>milieu</i>, created his own series of +facts, far more truly even than he +is himself the striking and delightful +resultant of others that have gone before.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_82' id='linki_82'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus197.png' alt='' title='' width='500' height='122' /> +<br /> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_174' name='page_174'></a>174</span> +<a name='ON_THE_TRACK_OF_THE_REVIEWER__A_TRUE_STORY_OF_REVENGE_CONNECTED_WITH_THE_FIRST_PUBLICATION_OF_JANE_EYRE__BY_DOCTOR_WILLIAM_WRIGHT' id='ON_THE_TRACK_OF_THE_REVIEWER__A_TRUE_STORY_OF_REVENGE_CONNECTED_WITH_THE_FIRST_PUBLICATION_OF_JANE_EYRE__BY_DOCTOR_WILLIAM_WRIGHT'></a> +<h2>ON THE TRACK OF THE REVIEWER.<br /><br /><span class='smcap'>A TRUE STORY OF REVENGE,<br />CONNECTED WITH THE FIRST PUBLICATION OF “JANE EYRE.”</span> +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Doctor William Wright.</span></span></h2> +</div> +<p>The Brontë novels were first read +and admired in the Ballynaskeagh +manse. This statement I am able to +make with fulness of knowledge. “Jane +Eyre” was read, cried over, laughed +over, argued over, condemned, exalted, +by the Reverend David McKee, his +brilliant children and numerous pupils, +before the author was known publicly +in England, or a single review of the +work had appeared.</p> +<p>The Reverend W. J. McCracken, an +old pupil of the Ballynaskeagh manse, +writes me on this point:</p> +<p>“You have no doubt heard Mr. +McKee’s<a name='FNanchor_0002' id='FNanchor_0002'></a><a href='#Footnote_0002' class='fnanchor'>[2]</a> opinion as to the source of +Charlotte’s genius. When Charlotte +Brontë published one of her books, +there was always an early copy sent to +the uncles and aunts in Ballynaskeagh. +As they had little taste for such literature, +the book was sent straight over +to our dear old friend Mr. McKee. If +it pleased him, the Brontës would be +in raptures with their niece, and triumphantly +say to their neighbors, +‘Mr. McKee thinks her very <i>cliver</i>.’</p> +<p>“I well remember Mr. McKee reading +one of Charlotte’s novels, and, in +his own inimitable way, making the +remark: ‘She is just her Uncle Jamie +over the world. Just Jamie’s strong, +powerful, direct way of putting a +thing.’”</p> +<p>Mrs. McKee, now living in New +Zealand, writes me: “My husband +had early copies of the novels from +the Brontës, and he pronounced them +to be Brontë in warp and woof, before +‘Currer Bell’ was publicly known to +be Charlotte Brontë. He held that +the stories not only showed the Brontë +genius and style, but that the facts +were largely reminiscences of the +Brontë family. He recognized many +of the characters as founded largely on +old Hugh’s yarns, polished into literature. +When ‘Jane Eyre’ came into +the hands of the uncles they were +troubled as to its character, but they +were very grateful to my husband for +his good opinion of its ability. He pronounced +it a remarkable and brilliant +work, before any of the reviews appeared.”</p> +<p>In addition to the five hundred +pounds that Smith, Elder & Co. paid +Charlotte Brontë for the copyright of +each of her novels, they sent half a +dozen copies direct to herself. The +book was published on October 16th, +and ten days later Charlotte thus acknowledged +receipt of the copies:</p> +<blockquote> +<p class='sig1'><i>October 26, 1847.</i></p> +<p>“<span class='smcap'>Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co.</span>:</p> +<p>“<i>Gentlemen</i>: The six copies of ‘Jane +Eyre’ reached me this morning. You have +given the work every advantage which good +paper, clear type and a seemly outside can supply; +if it fails, the fault will lie with the author—you +are exempt. I now await the judgment +of the press and the public. I am, gentlemen,</p> +<p class='sig1'>“Yours respectfully,</p> +<p class='sig2'>“<span class='smcap'>C. Bell.</span>”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Charlotte Brontë’s friends were not +numerous, and she was most anxious +that none of the few should find out +that she was the author. In the distribution +of even her six copies, she +would most likely send one to her +friends in Ireland. When the volumes +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_175' name='page_175'></a>175</span> +arrived in Ireland, there was no room +for doubt as to the authorship of “Jane +Eyre.” The Brontës had no other +friend in England to send them books. +They themselves neither wrote nor +read romances. They lived them.</p> +<p>It was well known to the family that +the clever brother in England had very +clever daughters. Patrick was a constant +correspondent with the home +circle, and a not infrequent visitor. +Their habits of study, their wonderful +compositions, their education in +Brussels, were steps in the ascending +gradation of the girls, minutely communicated +by the vicar to his only relatives, +and fairly well understood in +Ballynaskeagh. Something was expected.</p> +<p>That something caused blank disappointment. +C(urrer) B(ell) was a thin +disguise for C(harlotte) B(rontë), but +it did not deceive the relatives. Why +concealment if there was nothing discreditable +to conceal? A very little +reading convinced the uncles and aunts +that concealment was necessary.</p> +<p>The book was not good like Willison’s +“Balm of Gilead,” or like Bunyan’s +“Pilgrim’s Progress.” It was +neither history like Goldsmith, nor +biography like Johnson, nor philosophy +like Locke, nor theology like Edwards; +but “a parcel of lies, the fruit +of living among foreigners.”</p> +<p>The Irish Brontës had never before +seen a book like “Jane Eyre”—three +volumes of babble that would take a +whole winter to read. They laid the +work down in despair; but after a +little, Hugh resolved to show it to Mr. +McKee, the one man in the district +whom he could trust.</p> +<p>The reputation of his nieces in England +was dearer to Hugh Brontë than +his own.</p> +<p>He tied up the three volumes in a +red handkerchief, and called with them +at the manse. Contrary to his usual +custom, he asked if he could see Mr. +McKee alone. The interview, of which +my information comes from an eye-witness, +took place in a large parlor, +which contained a bed, and a central +table on which Mr. McKee’s tea was +spread.</p> +<p>Hugh Brontë began in a mysterious +whisper to unfold his sad tale to Mr. +McKee, as if his niece had been guilty +of some serious indiscretion. Mr. McKee +comforted him by suggesting that +the book might not have been written +by his niece at all. At this point +Hugh Brontë was prevailed upon to +draw up to the table to partake of +the abundant tea that had been prepared +for Mr. McKee, while the latter +proceeded to examine the book. +Brontë settled down in the most self-denying +manner to dispose of the heap +of bread and butter, and the pot of +tea, while McKee went galloping over +the pages of the first volume of “Jane +Eyre,” oblivious to all but the fascinating +story.</p> +<p>The afternoon wore on; Brontë sat +at the table, watching the features of +the reader as they changed from somber +to gay, and from flinty fierceness +to melting pathos.</p> +<p>When the servant went in to remove +the tea things and light the candles, +both men were sitting silent in the +gloaming. McKee, roused from his +state of abstraction, observed Brontë +sitting at the <i>débris</i> and empty plates.</p> +<p>“Hughey,” he said, breaking the +silence, “the book bears the Brontë +stamp on every sentence and idea, and +it is the grandest novel that has been +produced in my time;” and then he +added: “The child ‘Jane Eyre’ is your +father in petticoats, and Mrs. Reed is +the wicked uncle by the Boyne.”</p> +<p>The cloud passed from Hugh Brontë’s +brow, and the apologetic tone from his +voice. He started up as if he had +received new life, wrung Mr. McKee’s +hand, and hurried away comforted, to +comfort others. Mr. McKee had said +the novel was “<i>gran</i>” and that was +enough for the Irish Brontës.</p> +<p>There was joy in the Brontë house +when Hugh returned and reported to +his brothers and sisters what Mr. McKee +had said. They needed no further +commendation, for they knew no higher +court on such a matter. They had all +been alarmed lest Charlotte had done +something to be ashamed of; but on +Mr. McKee’s approval, pride and elation +of spirit succeeded depression and +sinking of heart.</p> +<p>Mr. McKee’s opinion did not long +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_176' name='page_176'></a>176</span> +remain unconfirmed. Reviews from +the English magazines were quoted in +the Newry paper, probably by Mr. McKee, +and found their way quickly into +the uncles’ and aunts’ hands.</p> +<p>The publication of the book created +a profound impression generally. It +was felt in literary circles that a strong +nature had broken through conventional +restraints, that a fresh voice had +delivered a new message. Men and +women paused in the perusal of the +pretty, the artificial, the inane, to listen +to the wild story that had come to +them with the breeze of the moorland +and the bloom of the heather. And so +exquisite was the gift of thought blended +with the art of artless expression, +that only the facts appeared in the +transparent narrative.</p> +<p>“The Times” declared: “Freshness +and originality, truth and passion, singular +felicity in the description of natural +scenery, and in the analyzation of +human thought, enable this tale to +stand boldly out from the mass.”</p> +<p>“The Edinburgh Review” said: +“For many years there has been no +work of such power, piquancy, and +originality.”</p> +<p>“Blackwood’s Magazine” spoke +thus: “‘Jane Eyre’ is an episode in +this work-a-day world; most interesting, +and touched at once by a daring +and delicate hand.”</p> +<p>In “Frazer’s Magazine” Mr. G. H. +Lewes said: “Reality—deep, significant +reality—is the characteristic of the +book. It is autobiography, not perhaps +in the naked facts and circumstances, +but in the actual suffering and experience.”</p> +<p>“Tait’s Magazine,” “The Examiner,” +the “Athenæum,” and the “Literary +Gazette,” followed in the same strain; +while the “Daily News” spoke with +qualified praise, and only the “Spectator,” +according to Charlotte, was “flat.”</p> +<p>The club coteries paused, the literary +log-rollers were nonplussed, and +Thackeray sat reading instead of writing.</p> +<p>The interest in the story was intensified, +inasmuch as no one knew whence +had come the voice that had stirred all +hearts. Nor did the interest diminish +when the mystery was dispelled. On +the contrary, it was much increased +when it became known that the author +was a little, shy, bright-eyed Yorkshire +maiden, of Irish origin, who could +scarcely reach up to great Thackeray’s +arm, or reply unmoved to his simplest +remark.</p> +<p>The Irish Brontës read the reviews +of their niece’s book with intense delight. +To them the pæans of praise +were successive whiffs of pure incense. +They had never doubted that they +themselves were superior to their +neighbors, and they felt quite sure +that their niece Charlotte was superior +to every other writer.</p> +<p>But the Brontës were not content to +enjoy silently their niece’s triumph and +fame. Their hearts were full, and overflowed +from the lips. They had reached +the period of decadence, and were often +heard boasting of the illustrious Charlotte. +Sometimes even they would +read to uninterested and unappreciative +listeners scraps of praise cut from +the Newry papers, or supplied to them +from English sources by Mr. McKee. +The whole heaven of Brontë fame was +bright and cloudless; suddenly the +proverbial bolt fell from the blue.</p> +<p>“The Quarterly”<a name='FNanchor_0003' id='FNanchor_0003'></a><a href='#Footnote_0003' class='fnanchor'>[3]</a> onslaught on +“Jane Eyre” appeared, and all the +good things that had been said were +forgotten. The news travelled fast, and +reached Ballynaskeagh. The neighbors, +who cared little for what “The +Times,” “Frazer,” “Blackwood,” and +such periodicals said, had got hold of +the “Quarterly” verdict in a very direct +and simple form. The report went +round the district like wild-fire that the +“Quarterly Review” had said Charlotte +Brontë, the vicar’s daughter, was a bad +woman, and an outcast from her kind. +The neighbors of the Brontës had very +vague ideas as to what “The Quarterly” +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_177' name='page_177'></a>177</span> +might be, but I am afraid the one bad +review gave them more piquant pleasure +than all the good ones put together. +In the changed atmosphere the uncles +and aunts assumed their old unsocial +and taciturn ways. When their acquaintances +came, with simpering +smiles, to sympathize with them, their +gossip was cut short by the Brontës, +who judged rightly that the sense of +humiliation pressed lightly on their +comforters.</p> +<p>In their sore distress they went to +Mr. McKee. He was able to show +them the “Review” itself. The reviewer +had been speculating on the +sex of Currer Bell, and, for effect, assumed +that the author was a man, but +he added:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>“Whoever it be, it is a person who, with +great mental power, combines a total ignorance +of the habits of society, a great coarseness of +taste, a heathenish doctrine of religion. For if +we ascribe the work to a woman at all, we have +no alternative but to ascribe it to one who has, +from some sufficient reason, long forfeited the +society of her sex.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. McKee’s reading of the review +and words of comment gave no comfort +to the Brontës. I am afraid his +indignation at the cowardly attack +only served to fan the flames of their +wrath. The sun of his sympathy, however, +touched their hearts, and their +pent-up passion flowed down like a torrent +of lava.</p> +<p>The uncles of Charlotte Brontë always +expressed themselves, when roused, in +language which combined simplicity +of diction with depth of significance. +Hugh was the spokesman. White with +passion, the words hissing from his +lips, he vowed to take vengeance on +the traducer of his niece. The language +of malediction rushed from him, +hot and pestiferous, as if it had come +from the bottomless pit, reeking with +sulphur and brimstone.</p> +<p>Mr. McKee did not attempt to stem +the wrathful torrent. He hoped that +the storm would exhaust itself by its +own fury. But in the case of Hugh +Brontë the anger was not a mere thing +of the passing storm. The scoundrel +who had spoken of his niece as if she +were a strumpet must die. Hugh’s +oath was pledged, and he meant to +perform it. The brothers recognized +the work of vengeance as a family +duty. Hugh had simply taken in hand +its execution.</p> +<p>He set about his preparation with the +calm deliberation befitting such a tremendous +enterprise. Like Thothmes +the Great, his first concern was with +regard to his arms. Irishmen at that +time had one national weapon. What +the blood mare is to the Bedawi, or his +sling was to King David, that was the +<i>shillelagh</i> to Hugh Brontë as avenger. +Irishmen have proved their superiority +as marksmen, with long-range rifles; +they have always had a reputation for +expertness at “the long bow;” but the +blackthorn cudgel has always been the +beloved hereditary weapon.</p> +<p>The shillelagh was not a mere stick +picked up for a few pence, or cut casually +out of the common hedge. Like +the Arab mare, it grew to maturity +under the fostering care of its owner.</p> +<p>The shillelagh, like the poet, is born, +not made. Like the poet, too, it is a +choice plant, and its growth is slow. +Among ten thousand blackthorn shoots, +perhaps not more than one is destined +to become famous, but one of the ten +thousand appears of singular fitness. +As soon as discovered, it is marked, +and dedicated for future service. +Everything that might hinder its development +is removed, and any off-shoot +of the main stem is skilfully cut +off. With constant care it grows thick +and strong, upon a bulbous root that +can be shaped into a handle.</p> +<p>Hugh had for many years been +watching over the growth of a young +blackthorn sapling. It had arrived at +maturity about the time the diabolical +article appeared in “The Quarterly.” +The supreme moment of his life came +just when the weapon on which he depended +was ready.</p> +<p>Returning from the manse, his whole +heart and soul set on avenging his +niece, his first act was to dig up the +blackthorn so carefully that he might +have enough of the thick root to form +a lethal club. Having pruned it roughly, +he placed the butt end in warm +ashes, night after night, to season. +Then when it had become sapless and +hard, he cut it to shape, then “put it +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_178' name='page_178'></a>178</span> +to pickle,” as the saying goes. After +a sufficient time in the salt water, he +took it out and rubbed it with chamois +and train-oil for hours. Then he shot +a magpie, drained its blood into a cup, +and with it polished the blackthorn till +it became a glossy black with a mahogany +tint.</p> +<p>The shillelagh was then a beautiful, +tough, formidable weapon, and when +tipped with an iron ferrule was quite +ready for action. It became Hugh’s +trusty companion. No Sir Galahad +ever cherished his shield or trusted his +spear as Hugh Brontë cherished and +loved his shillelagh.</p> +<p>When the shillelagh was ready, other +preparations were quickly completed. +Hugh made his will by the aid of a +local school-master, leaving all he possessed +to his maligned niece, and then, +decked out in a new suit of broadcloth, +in which he felt stiff and awkward, he +departed on his mission of vengeance.</p> +<p>He set sail from Warrenpoint for +Liverpool by a vessel called the “Sea +Nymph,” and walked from Liverpool +to Haworth. His brother James had +been over the route a short time previously, +and from him he had received +all necessary directions as to the way. +He reached the vicarage on a Sunday, +when all, except Martha the old servant, +were at church. At first she looked +upon him as a tramp, and refused to +admit him into the house; but when he +turned to go to the church, road-stained +as he was, she saw that the honor of +the house was involved, and agreed to +let him remain till the family returned. +Under the conditions of the truce he +was able to satisfy Martha as to his +identity, and then she rated him soundly +for journeying on the Sabbath day.</p> +<p>Hugh’s reception at the vicarage +was at first chilling, but soon the girls +gathered round him and inquired about +the Glen, the Knock Hill, Emdale Fort, +and the Mourne Mountains, but especially +with reference to the local +ghosts and haunted houses.</p> +<p>Hugh was greatly disappointed to +find his niece so small and frail. His +pride in the Brontë superiority had +rested mainly on the thews and comeliness +of the family, and he found it +difficult to associate mental greatness +with physical littleness. On his return +home he spoke of the vicar’s family +to Mr. McKee as “a poor <i>frachther</i>” +a term applied to a brood of +young chickens. From his brother +Jamie, Hugh had heard that Branwell +had something of the <i>spunk</i> he had expected +from the family on English soil; +but he was too small, fantastic, and a +chatterer, and could not drink more +than two glasses of whiskey at the +Black Bull without making a fool of +himself. In fact, Jamie, during a visit, +had to carry Branwell home, more than +once, from that refuge of the thirsty, +and as he had to lie in the same bed +with his nephew he found him a most +exasperating bed-fellow. He would +toss about and rave and spout poetry +in such a way as to make sleep impossible.</p> +<p>The declaration of Hugh’s mission +of revenge was received by Charlotte +with incredulous astonishment, but gentle +Anne sympathized with him, and +wished him success; but for her, Hugh +would have returned straight home +from Haworth in disgust.</p> +<p>Patrick, as befitted a clergyman, condemned +the undertaking, and did what +he could to amuse Hughy. Careful +that Hugh’s entertainments should be +to his taste, he took him to see a prize +fight. His object was to show him “a +battle that would take the conceit out +of him.” It had the contrary effect. +Hugh thought that the combatants +were too fat and lazy to fight, and he +always asserted that he could have +“licked them both.”</p> +<p>The vicar also took him to Sir John +Armitage’s, where he saw a collection of +arms, some of which were exceedingly +unwieldy. Hugh was greatly impressed +with the heaviness of the armor, and +especially with Robin Hood’s helmet, +which he was allowed to place on his +head. Hugh admitted that he could +not have worn the helmet or wielded +the sword, but he maintained at the +same time that he “could have eaten +half a dozen of the men he saw in England”—in +fact, taken them like a dish +of whitebait.</p> +<p>When Hugh Brontë had exhausted +the wonders of Yorkshire, to which +the vicar looked for moral effect, he +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_179' name='page_179'></a>179</span> +started on his mission to London. A +full and complete account of his +search for the reviewer would be most +interesting, though somewhat ludicrous, +but the reader must be content +with the scrappy information at my +disposal.</p> +<p>Through an introduction from a +friend of Branwell’s he found cheap +lodgings with a working family from +Haworth. As soon as Hugh had got +fairly settled, he went direct to John +Murray’s publishing house and asked +to see the reviewer. He declared himself +an uncle of Currer Bell, and said +he wished to give the reviewer some +specific information.</p> +<p>He had a short interview at Murray’s +with a man who said he was the editor +of “The Quarterly,” and who may have +been Lockhart, but Hugh told him that +he could only communicate to the reviewer +his secret message.</p> +<p>He continued to visit Murray’s under +a promise of seeing the reviewer, but +he always saw the same man who at +first had said that he was editor, but +afterwards assured him he was the reviewer, +and pressed him greatly to say +who Currer Bell was.</p> +<p>Hugh declined to make any statement +except into the ear of the reviewer; +but as the truculent character +of the avenger was probably very apparent, +his direct and bold move did +not succeed, and at last they ceased to +admit him at Murray’s.</p> +<p>Having failed there, he went to the +publishers of “Jane Eyre,” and told +them plainly he was the author’s uncle, +and that he had come to London to +chastise the “Quarterly Review” critic. +They treated him civilly without furthering +his quest, but he got from +them, I believe, an introduction to the +reading-room of the British Museum, +and to some other reading-rooms.</p> +<p>In the reading-room he was greatly +disgusted to find how little interest was +taken in the matter that absorbed his +whole attention. He met, however, +one kind old gentleman in the British +Museum who thoroughly sympathized +with him, and took him home with him +several times. On one occasion he invited +a number of people to meet him +at dinner. The house had signs of +wealth such as he had never before +seen or dreamt of. Everybody was +kind to him. After dinner he was +called on for a speech, and when he sat +down they cheered him and drank his +health.</p> +<p>They all examined his shillelagh, and, +before parting, promised to do their +best to aid him in discovering the reviewer; +but his friend afterwards told +him, at the Museum, that all had failed, +and considered Hugh’s undertaking +hopeless.</p> +<p>He tried other plans of getting on +the reviewer’s track. He would step +into a book-shop, and buy a sheet of +paper on which to write home, or some +other trifling object. While paying for +his small purchase he would lift “The +Quarterly Review,” and casually ask +the book-seller who wrote the attack +on “Jane Eyre.”</p> +<p>He always found the book-sellers +communicative, if not well informed. +Many told him that “Jane Eyre” was +a well-known mistress of Thackeray’s. +None of them seemed able to bear the +thought of appearing ignorant of anything. +It was quite well known, others +assured him, that Thackeray had written +the review—“in fact, he admitted +that he was the author of the review.” +Some declared that Mr. George Henry +Lewes was the author, others said it +was Harriet Martineau, and some ventured +to say that Bulwer Lytton or +Dickens was the critic. These names +were given with confidence, and with +details of circumstances which seemed +to create a probability; but his friend, +whom he met daily at the Museum, assured +him that they were only wild and +absurd guesses. Thus ended one of +the strangest adventures within the +whole range of literary adventure.</p> +<p>Hugh Brontë failed to find the reviewer +of his niece’s novel, but explored +London thoroughly. He saw +the queen, but was better pleased to see +her horses and talk with her grooms.</p> +<p>He saw reviews of troops, and public +demonstrations, and cattle shows, +and the Houses of Parliament, and +ships of many nations that lay near his +lodging; and he visited the Crystal +Palace and the Tower, and other objects +of interest; and when his patience +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_180' name='page_180'></a>180</span> +was exhausted and his money spent, +he returned to Haworth on his homeward +journey.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:280px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_83' id='linki_83'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus211.png' alt='' title='' width='280' height='338' /> +<br /> +<p class='caption'> +CHARLOTTE BRONTË.<br /> +</p> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>His stay at the</span> vicarage was brief. +During his absence, consumption had +been rapidly sapping the life of the +youngest girl, yet the gentle Anne received +him with the warmest welcome, +and talked of accompanying him to +Ireland, which she spoke of as “home.” +At parting she threw her long, slender +arms round his neck, and called him her +noble uncle. Charlotte took him for a +walk on the moor, asked a thousand +questions, told him about Emily and +Branwell, and, slipping a few sovereigns +into his hand, advised him to hasten +home. On the following day he parted +forever from the family that he would +have given his life to befriend.</p> +<p>No welcome awaited him at home, +because he had failed in his mission. +He gave to Mr. McKee a detailed account +of his adventures in England, +but I do not think anyone else ever +heard from him a single word regarding +the sad home at Haworth. But as +long as he lived he regretted his helplessness +to avenge the slight put upon +his niece, and seemed to look on the +miscarriage of his plans as the great +failure of his life.</p> +<p>Since the foregoing article was put +in type Doctor Wright has written to +the editor of this magazine announcing +that he has discovered the author of +the “Quarterly” review. He says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>“Assuming the editor’s responsibility for the +incriminated interpolations, who wrote the article +itself? Secrets have a bad time of it in our +day, and the authorship of the article is no +longer a secret. As has been generally suspected, +the writer was a woman, and that woman +was Miss Rigby, the daughter of a Norwich +doctor, and was better known as Lady Eastlake.</p> +<p>“The well-kept secret has been brought to +light by Doctor Robertson Nicoll in the ‘Bookman’ +of September, 1892. Doctor Nicoll found +the key to the mystery in a letter written on +March 31, 1849, by Sara Coleridge to Edward +Quillman, and published in the ‘Memoirs and +Letters of Sara Coleridge.’ The following is +the passage referred to:</p> +<p>“‘Miss Rigby’s article on “Vanity Fair” +was brilliant, as all her productions are. But I +could not agree to the concluding remark about +governesses. How could it benefit that uneasy +class to reduce the number of their employers, +which, if high salaries were considered in all +cases indispensable, must necessarily be the +result of such a state of opinion?’</p> +<p>“The ‘Quarterly’ article on ‘Vanity Fair’ +dealt also with ‘Jane Eyre,’ and with the ‘Report +of the Governesses’ Benevolent Institution +for 1847,’ and it is without doubt the article referred +to by Sara Coleridge.</p> +<p>“On this matter Sara Coleridge was not +likely to be under any mistake. Miss Rigby +was her intimate friend, and not likely to conceal +from her so important a literary event as +the production of a ‘Quarterly’ review.</p> +<p>“I am also informed that Mr. George Smith, +the publisher of ‘Jane Eyre,’ declares without +hesitation or doubt that he had always known +that Lady Eastlake was the author of the ‘Quarterly’ +article, and that he had declined to meet +her at dinner on account of it.</p> +<p>“The fact that the brilliant Miss Rigby was +the writer of the review greatly strengthens my +interpolation theory. To me it seems beyond +the range of things probable, that the pharisaic +part of the article could have come from the +same source as ‘Livonian Tales’ and the ‘Letters +from the Shores of the Baltic.’</p> +<p>“The article is therefore of a composite character. +It was written by Miss Rigby the year +before her marriage with Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, +and heavily edited during the reign of +Lockhart. I know it will be said that the +genial Lockhart would not have added the objectionable +fustian to the superior material supplied +by Miss Rigby; but I must repeat that it +was his duty, as a mere matter of business, and +a purely editorial affair, to maintain the traditional +tone of the ‘Review.’”</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class='fn' /> +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_0002' id='Footnote_0002'></a><a href='#FNanchor_0002'><span class='label'>[2]</span></a> +<p>The Reverend David McKee of Ballynaskeagh, a +very successful school teacher, who prepared hundreds +of boys for college. Among them was Captain Mayne +Reid, who afterwards dedicated his book, “The White +Chief,” to Mr. McKee. Ballynaskeagh, was the centre +of mental activity for the country round about. Its +master was the friend and neighbor of the Irish +Brontës. He himself wrote several books, one of +which led to the beginning of a temperance movement +in Ireland. The writer of this article was his pupil at +the time of the publication of “Jane Eyre,” and tells +whereof he knows personally, as well as some things of +which he was informed by Mr. McKee.</p> +</div> +<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_0003' id='Footnote_0003'></a><a href='#FNanchor_0003'><span class='label'>[3]</span></a> +<p>The December number of the “Quarterly Review” +of 1848 is perhaps the most famous of the entire series. +Its fame rests on a mystery which has baffled literary +curiosity for close on half a century. “Who wrote the +review of ‘Jane Eyre’?” is a question that has been +asked by every contributor to English literature since +the critique appeared. But thus far the question has +been asked in vain.</p> +<p>The descendant and namesake of the eminent projector +and proprietor of “The Quarterly” does not feel +at liberty to solve the mystery by revealing the writer. +I admire the loyalty of John Murray to a servant whose +work has attained an evil pre-eminence. It is interesting +to know, in these prying and babbling times, that in +the house of Murray the secret of even a supposed +ruffian is safe to the third generation.</p> +</div> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_181' name='page_181'></a>181</span> +<a name='ANNOUNCEMENT___ROMANTIC_STORIES_FROM_THE_FAMILY_HISTORY_OF_THE_BRONTS' id='ANNOUNCEMENT___ROMANTIC_STORIES_FROM_THE_FAMILY_HISTORY_OF_THE_BRONTS'></a> +<h2><span class='smcaplc'>ANNOUNCEMENT.</span><br /><br />ROMANTIC STORIES FROM THE FAMILY HISTORY OF THE BRONTËS.</h2> +</div> +<p>The August and succeeding issues +of +<span class='smcap'>McClure’s Magazine</span> +will contain +a series of papers giving the dramatic +and hitherto unknown history of the +Brontës in Ireland. They will throw +a vivid light upon the origin of the +Brontë novels, and upon the ancestors of +the Brontës. As Doctor Wright says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>“Hugh Brontë, the father of Patrick, and +grandfather of the famous novelists, first makes +his appearance as if he had stepped out of a +Brontë novel. His early experiences qualified +him to take a permanent place beside the child +‘Jane Eyre’ at Mrs. Reed’s. The treatment +that embittered his childhood is never referred +to by the grand-daughters in their correspondence, +but it is quite evident that the knowledge +of his hardships dominated their minds, and +gave a bent to their imaginations, when depicting +the misery of young lives dependent on +charity.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>All the existing biographies of the +Brontë sisters are confined to the +Brontës in England. There were but +two people competent to give the story +of the Brontë ancestors: one, Captain +Mayne Reid; and the other, Doctor +William Wright, who has spent many +years preparing this history.</p> +<p>Doctor Wright had exceptional advantages +for his labor of love. In +his childhood his nurse told him the +traditions of the Brontës; his tutor +was full of recollections of the father, +uncles, and grandfather of the novelists. +As a student he wrote screeds of +the Brontë novels in place of essays, +having first been told the incidents and +events by his tutor. His recollections, +extending back to the early part of this +century, have been strengthened by +years of patient investigation. During +different years Doctor Wright has spent +several months at a time in Ireland, following +up obscure traces of the family, +hunting down traditions connected +with the Brontës, or carefully verifying +minute points derived from his own +recollections or the reports of others. +The result of these painstaking researches, +which have extended over a +lifetime, is an authentic narrative of +great human interest.</p> +<p>The unadorned history of the family +reads like a Brontë novel. The adventures, +the hairbreadth escapes, the struggles, +the kidnapping, the abuse, which +figure in these chapters are stranger +than fiction. The courtship, elopement, +and marriage of Hugh Brontë with Alice +McGlory form one of the most extraordinary +narratives of love and adventure +that has ever been penned.</p> +<p>The half-humorous, half-pathetic, but +always intensely interesting, descriptions +of the ancestors of the Brontë +sisters, their peculiarities, the superstition +with which some of them were regarded +as masters of the black art, the +respect that they commanded as fighters +and singers and workmen, the side-lights +thrown upon the early and bitter +contest over tenant rights, the exposition +of strange religious beliefs—all of +this, and more that cannot here even be +hinted at, serve to present a curious and +vivid picture of everyday life in a corner +of Ireland one hundred years ago.</p> +<p>These articles bring out the hereditary +and surrounding influences which +helped to shape the genius of Charlotte +Brontë. Aside from the value which +they have because they furnish a remarkable +commentary on the work of +the great novelist, they are pages of +real life of fascination and remarkable +interest.</p> +<p>The first article will give a glimpse +of the early Brontës and the singular +weird story of that dark foundling who +brought ruin to his benefactors, and +whose machinations resulted in the absolute +separation of Hugh Brontë, the +grandfather of the novelists, from his +parents—a separation so complete that +he was never able to learn in what +part of Ireland his father’s family lived. +Hugh Brontë was kidnapped when he +was six years old. The strange narrative +of his abduction will be given +in the August number of +<span class='smcap'>McClure’s Magazine</span>.</p> +<hr class='toprule' /> +<div class='chsp'> +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_182' name='page_182'></a>182</span> +<a name='A_STRANGE_STORY__THE_LOST_YEARS_LIZZIE_HYER_NEFF' id='A_STRANGE_STORY__THE_LOST_YEARS_LIZZIE_HYER_NEFF'></a> +<h2><span class='smcaplc'>A STRANGE STORY:</span><br />THE LOST YEARS +<span class='chsub'> <br /><br />LIZZIE HYER NEFF.</span></h2> +</div> +<h3>I.</h3> +<p>Whether or not to +relate the history +that I now commence +has been to +me a seriously debated +question.</p> +<p>But after due reflection I +decide that, being the only +witness to the events that have lately +been so startling to at least one community, +it is my duty to state as clearly +and exactly as possible, while yet fresh +in my memory, the occurrences that +came under my observation. I am satisfied +in so doing that the contingencies +which might arise from my silence +would be much more serious in their +effect upon my friends than their +aversion to the publicity to +which they may be subjected; +but, of course, when completed, +my statement will be +subject to their wish in its disposal.</p> +<p>Regarding myself, it is only +necessary to state that last +winter—I think it was the +last week of January—my +health became so alarming as +to induce me to accept my +son’s urgent invitation to visit +him in a far Western territory, +hoping that the brighter sky +and milder air would more than +compensate for the long and +lonely journey to one who is +neither young nor adventurous.</p> +<p>And the effect of the change +was almost magical. My son +is a civil and mining engineer, +and, being unmarried, +boards at the largest of the +three hotels in the busy mining +town upon the Southern +Pacific road, which I shall call Brownville.</p> +<p>I reached the place on the afternoon +of a bright, balmy day—a May day it +seemed to me—but being an unaccustomed +traveller, the motion of the cars +and the strangeness of the transition +gave everything such a dreamlike unreality +that I cannot recall the impressions +of the first few days with as much +distinctness as later ones. I was continually +expecting my son to vanish, +and myself to wake up in my room at +home. This soon wore off, however. +I think it was on the second day after +my arrival, as we were starting down +stairs to dinner, my son suddenly drew +me back into my room as if to avoid +some one who was passing.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:344px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_84' id='linki_84'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus214b.png' alt='' title='' width='344' height='418' /> +<br /> +</div> +<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_183' name='page_183'></a>183</span></div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>“I was afraid</span> you might be startled,” +he exclaimed. “I was at first, and I am +neither sick nor a lady. Mother, there +is a young man here who will seem like +one risen from the dead to you at first +sight. He looks enough like Chester +Mansfield to be his twin brother. I +think I never saw so striking a resemblance +before, but after you are acquainted +with him the impression will +wear away, because he is so different +in every other way.” Then we went +down stairs, and meeting the young +man at the dining-room door, my son +introduced him as “Mr. Reynolds;” +and thus began my acquaintance with +him. Of course, after my son’s cautionary +remark, I noticed him closely, +but I should have done so anyhow, I +am sure, for the resemblance to the +dead was so strong as to give me a +very strange feeling, for Chester Mansfield +had been only less dear to me +than my own son. But as Howard +had said, the resemblance seemed to +wear away somewhat as I talked with +him, and I began to wonder that I had +felt it so much. This young man was +older, stouter—and many shades darker +in complexion than my friend. His +manner, speech, and style of dress were +wholly unlike those of the dead Chester, +although his voice, while deeper, +was very similar. He was attached to +the hotel in some capacity, and went +out with us to dinner after a moment’s +talk, and I found him to be a pleasant +talker, with a ready fund of the slang +which seems to be the evolving language +of the Far West, and a very +witty use of it; but he did not seem +to be well informed on any subject +that I could mention, a strong contrast +to the scholarship of the dead man +whose face he bore.</p> +<p>Yet he had an unmistakable air of +good breeding, and even of intelligence, +although it was impossible to draw him +into a connected conversation. He +seemed to be very popular in the +house.</p> +<p>Howard was closely engaged in his +work, which sometimes kept him away +for a week at a time, and I had neither +the strength nor courage to go very +far from the house alone, through that +odd, rushing, foreign-looking town, so +I had much time to myself. I was +the only woman at the house except +the proprietor’s wife and one Irish +chambermaid. This, perhaps, would +account for my interest in the young +man, for I must confess that he occupied +my thoughts a good deal during +those first weeks. One Sabbath afternoon +I saw him going away with a +party of friends—stylishly dressed, +hard-looking men, and I turned and +spoke to Howard of the idea that I +had formed of him.</p> +<p>“I have thought of the same thing +myself, mother,” he replied. “That +fellow is of Eastern origin, and he is +well brought up, in spite of his efforts +to conceal it. And you can’t get a +word out of him about his past. I’ve +tried a dozen times. I’m positive that +he puts on ignorance a good many +times, just as a blind. There’s a good +deal of that here—men who have forgotten +all about the East, you understand, +and who have new names, and +who don’t write home by every mail. +Now, weren’t there other Mansfield +boys besides Chester? His mother was +a second wife, wasn’t she, and there +was another family who lived with +their grandmother?”</p> +<p>“Why, certainly there was!” I exclaimed, +catching at the idea. “Three +boys, and two of them went out to +Denver, or somewhere in that region. +Now I have it—that’s just who he is. +I wonder what crime he has committed—robbery, +or perhaps murder—who +knows?”</p> +<p>“Oh, no! Take care, not quite so +fast, mother. But I have a little clue +that nobody else has had the interest +to notice. It is more than mere coincidence. +Of course Doctor Mansfield’s +sons would be brought up in the deepest +piety, and when this fellow gets +drunk—you’ll hear him some night—he’s +terribly pious; prays and sings +half the night to himself—old church +hymns that were never heard in this +place. And the thing that I notice is +this: he prays like one who was brought +up to it; not like some reprobate who +has been scared into piety. I’ve heard +them a few times, too, and I know the +difference.</p> +<p>“Now, that means a little, and when +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_184' name='page_184'></a>184</span> +you put it with the company he keeps, +especially Crouch, his chum, that black-looking +fellow who was shooting at the +target out there this morning, don’t you +see it grows quite interesting?”</p> +<p>“I should think it does. Why, it is +perfectly certain that he is a desperate +sort of person. I wonder what he has +done? It couldn’t be the Cleveland +fur robbery, I suppose,” I said.</p> +<p>Howard got up and shook himself +and then laughed uproariously.</p> +<p>“No, but he might be the Rahway +murderer. You’d better lock the door +fast and tight at night.” (This was a +stab at my well-known cowardice.)</p> +<p>“And, little mother, if you think you +have got hold of a delightful, bloody +mystery, for the love of heaven keep +still about it. A little talk will set a +cyclone going if you’re not particular.”</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:266px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_85' id='linki_85'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus217.png' alt='' title='' width='266' height='368' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>I resented this</span> caution as quite unnecessary, +but Howard laughed and +shook his finger at me. I think he is +at the age when a young man feels +his physical and political superiority +over his mother very fully. After he +had gone out I sat thinking over his +new idea. I had a faint suspicion that +Howard was amusing himself at my +interest in the matter, and was starting +me in pursuit of something that he +knew perfectly well beforehand; yet +every word that he had said was fastened +in my memory, and many little +unnoticed things now came up to +strengthen my suspicions.</p> +<p>In Crouch, the evil-looking fellow, I +had no interest, for he was not mysterious. +He was a rascal at the first +glance, and could not be anything else. +And he was the sort of rascal that one +is content not to investigate, but observe +at the greatest possible distance.</p> +<p>What, then, was young Reynolds’ +interest in him? I intended to write +home the next day to ask about the +Mansfield brothers, but Howard carried +me off to the mines to camp for a +few days, and my thoughts were turned +in a new direction.</p> +<p>The day after my return I went out +for a walk through the town. I crossed +the plaza and started down one of the +diverging streets, when I suddenly +found myself in a most unsavory +neighborhood, and suspected that I +must have crossed the “dead line,” +beyond which I had been told no white +woman ever ventured. I turned to +beat a hasty retreat, when I heard my +name, and looking up saw Charlie +Reynolds, apparently very drunk, issuing +from the door of a dance saloon. +One or two of his friends were smoking +in the doorway. “Good evening, +Mish Spencer,” he said, with an aggravated +bow. “Thish bad place for +lady. See you home, Mish Spencer?”</p> +<p>“No,” I said, “you can’t see me +home, but I will see you home. You +walk on before me, and I will follow.”</p> +<p>To my surprise he obeyed, and across +the plaza and down the street of <i>adobe</i> +houses I steered my drunken companion, +until I saw him safe within the +doors of the Eldorado House, where I +was assured that he would be put to +bed.</p> +<p>That night my son was detained at +the mines, and I sat at my window +alone in the marvellous moonlight so +clear, so brilliant in that rarefied atmosphere, +that I could see the round blue +lines of the mountains in Mexico, sixty +miles away. Sounds from different +parts of the town came up with startling +distinctness. I could distinguish +every word of sentences spoken two +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_185' name='page_185'></a>185</span> +squares away, and the barking of coyotes +out in the mesquit brush that surrounded +the town seemed to come from +under my window. I seemed to be far +from the rest of the earth, on some desolate +peak that stood in vast solitude, +for the stars were so large and bright, +and the great glowing moon seemed to +hang just overhead.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_86' id='linki_86'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus219.png' alt='' title='' width='399' height='600' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>There were no trees on the great +blue mountains, no grass in the stony +valleys, and I realized in their absence +how much we owe to the mission of +the green and growing. There was no +sense of companionship in the babel of +sounds and languages +that +came up from +the wicked little +town. I am +afraid that a few +homesick tears +came to my eyes.</p> +<p>Suddenly one +of the grand old +hymns of my +church struck +the intense air. +A clear, strong, +manly voice. +How familiar it +sounded, ringing +out alone! I sat +spellbound, for it was, as my +son had said, not the effort of +a tyro, but the cultivated voice +of a cultivated man. Coming +just at this moment in the +grandly solemn night, its effect +upon me was indescribable, and +a new thought flashed into my mind, which I +am ashamed to confess was not there before. +Why cannot this young man, whatever he +may have done, be saved through this early +training? I could not sleep for this thought, +and waited impatiently for the morning, resolved +to undertake some missionary work +in behalf of Charlie Reynolds.</p> +<h3>II.</h3> +<p>The Chester Mansfield to whom I have referred +was the young minister of my church, +and also the son of my dearest friend. Mrs. +Mansfield had been my playmate and schoolmate +in childhood, my confidante in girlhood, +and when we were matrons and neighbors +our early affection had settled +into the deep, enduring friendship of +later life. She had married our minister +and was an exemplary wife and +mother. Our children were schoolmates +also, and her only son Chester +was a boy of unusual promise. He +distinguished himself in school and +college, and, finishing his course just +before his father’s death, was unanimously +called to fill the vacant pulpit. +Here his eloquence and spirituality fully +justified the promise of his youth, and +he became almost the idol of his congregation. +He married a lovely girl, +and life seemed to hold for +him the highest blessings that +man can dream of.</p> +<p>The sorrow, then, of his sudden +and peculiarly sad death +cannot be described. Not only +his family and church, but the +whole town, mourned as if for +a brother, and the church +could not hold the concourse +that followed his body to the +grave.</p> +<p>The mothers and sisters and +the frail young wife were almost +crushed by the blow, and +even after the +lapse of nearly five +years it was fresh +enough in my heart +to make Charlie +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_186' name='page_186'></a>186</span> +Reynolds’ face bring back those days of +mourning with sad reality. I formed +then the hope, foolish, perhaps, that if +this young man should be found to be a +relative of the dead man and reclaimed, +he might in some measure atone to +those bereaved ones for their loss. +With this idea, I improved every opportunity +to cultivate Charlie Reynolds’ +acquaintance and win his good +opinion, although I was much embarrassed +by the laughing eyes that +Howard never failed to turn upon me +in my efforts at conversation.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:400px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_87' id='linki_87'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus220.png' alt='' title='' width='400' height='439' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>They were efforts,</span> indeed; for if I +had come from a foreign land, and +spoken an unknown language, I could +hardly have had more difficulty in finding +a topic of common interest or in +making myself intelligible, for old-fashioned +English seemed to be less +understood than any others of the +numerous tongues I heard.</p> +<p>I could hear from my window, Mexicans, +Chinamen, Indians, Frenchmen, +and Spaniards chatting in the plaza, +until I could almost guess what they +said, but the vernacular of the American +miner and rancher is beyond comprehension.</p> +<p>There are about four topics discussed +at the Eldorado tables, chief of +all, the mines, and to this day I cannot +talk coherently about drifts and +leads and dumps, and the +like.</p> +<p>Then there were the +games, the most absorbing +of all, who had lost and +won, and as I don’t know +one card nor one game +from another, I am not +interested in that subject. +There was, it seemed to +me, a fresh murder or +robbery or Indian fight to +discuss every morning at +breakfast; and the ranch +talk, in which my most intelligent +questions always +provoked a shout of laughter. +When I quoted Talmage +one morning, a +young man looked at me +pityingly, and said, “Oh, +he’s dead a year ago! He +had one of the finest saloons +in Las Vegas; he +was a smart man, poor fellow!” +My attempts to +interest my table companions +in a description of +the Chautauqua and its +purpose, and the mission of the W. C. +T. U., and their painful efforts to be +politely interested, almost sent my son +into convulsions in consequence of +laughing into his coffee-cup; and the +intense earnestness with which the man +they called Bunco Brown asked, “And +didn’t they sell no booze there?” and +then, “Well, then, how in thunder do +they get it if they’re too pious to +steal?” might have seemed amusing to +one who was not struck by the horror +of the fact that the man could not conceive +of life for any person without +drink.</p> +<p>So, owing to the missionary’s usual +difficulty in making himself understood, +I had to wait to learn a means of communication +with my subject. I even +ventured to the door of the billiard +room and tried to manifest an interest +in the science of the game, but here, +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_187' name='page_187'></a>187</span> +also, I was too hopelessly old-fashioned +to be able to comprehend the beauty of +the angles, and beat an ignominious +retreat. I heard Charlie remark as I +went up-stairs: “Game, for such a +pious old lady, isn’t she?” I took it as +a compliment.</p> +<p>But my opportunity finally came +through the humble instrumentality of +an onion. It was about the size of a +dinner-plate, and lay on the newel-post +as I came down stairs one morning. +Charlie was standing in the front door, +with his back to me, peeling an orange. +He turned around at my exclamation +of surprise and asked, “Why, don’t they +grow like that where you live?”</p> +<p>“In New England? Oh dear, +no!” I cried; and then he +asked me a number of questions, +and seemed very much +interested in my account of +vegetables and fruit and trees +and flowers in the East. I was +delighted to tell him, although +I had a lurking suspicion that +such a remarkable ignorance of +that country was feigned. And +yet his eyes, so wonderfully like +Chester Mansfield’s, except in +expression, had a certain vacant +honesty—for which, I presume, +an accustomed story-teller +could find a better expression—that +I was obliged to believe +genuine. As soon as he found +that I was curious about the +flora and fauna of the locality, +he took great pains in bringing +me specimens, and on two occasions +took me out for a walk +to see something that could not +be brought. In this closer acquaintance +I found so much +that was kind and pleasant, and +so many peculiar little resemblances +to my dead friend—a +backward toss of the head +when he laughed, a frown when +listening, an odd little gesture +with the left hand in explaining +anything—that he puzzled me more +and more. Among the few books that +I could find to read in the town was the +“Woman in White,” which I read with +compunction, not having been addicted +to works of fiction, and the curious +resemblance between the two women +made a deep impression upon me, and +seemed to have a strange significance +just at this time. Although I had as +yet not succeeded in drawing any confidence +from Charlie—who, indeed, +seldom spoke of himself, and never +related any past experience—a very +suspicious trait I thought, I felt sure +that time would unravel the dark mystery +that enveloped him.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:388px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_88' id='linki_88'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus221.png' alt='' title='' width='388' height='539' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>Just as I</span> was feeling that I had now +Charlie’s friendship, the man Crouch +seemed to become jealous of my influence, +and became so attentive to +him that my acquaintance with him +was virtually suspended for a time. +One day, a bright, hot day in March, a +Mexican wagon train arrived in town, +laden with beans, hides, and “Chili Colorade,” +and a crowd of rancheros from +another direction swarmed into the +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_188' name='page_188'></a>188</span> +plaza. The town was full of excitement +and whiskey; the tinkle of the +dance saloons came up from all quarters; +the rancheros, with their red +shirts and broad hats, galloped their +tough mustangs madly through the +streets, firing at random, and lassoing +the unlucky curs and pigs that happened +to be in the way. While there +were street brawls at every corner, I +hardly dared to leave my room, and I +could not venture to sit by my window. +It was a great relief that Howard came +in very early. All through the evening +I listened to the confused sounds +that came up through the resonant air, +and could distinguish the soft voice of +the pretty Mexican girl in the saloon +opposite my window, accompanied by +her castanet. It was another of those +still, white nights, when the town +seemed to hang in mid-air. I felt the +premonition of impending disaster so +common to nervous women, and made +Howard sit in my room as long as +I could think of a pretext for keeping +him. When I was alone, I lay +wakeful through the noisy hours, waiting +for daylight. At perhaps three +o’clock, or a little later, I fell into a +semi-conscious doze, from which I was +aroused by the footsteps and low +voices of men in the hall. The slowness +of the steps, and the hushed tone +in which they spoke, gave me a thrill +of terror. Something had happened. +Yes, they were talking about it, and +carrying something—some one—by. +“Right this way, lay him on the bed.” +“What, doctor?” “Pretty near dead.” +“Small chance,” and so on. Then +with strained nerves I listened for the +doctor, heard him come, heard his +quick directions, heard the running to +and fro to get what he required, and +then arose and dressed myself with +trembling hands, unable to bear the +tension any longer, and thinking that +I might be of assistance. I went to +Howard’s door, aroused him, and sent +him to learn what was the matter. He +went a little reluctantly, but returned +wide awake.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_89' id='linki_89'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus222.png' alt='' title='' width='561' height='460' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>“Why, it’s Charlie Reynolds, poor +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_189' name='page_189'></a>189</span> +fellow! I guess he’s about killed—some +row, I suppose; didn’t wait to +find out. The doctor is attending to +him now.”</p> +<p>A little later, in the gray, solemn +dawn, the doctor came out of the room +in which Charlie had been laid, and I +went to learn the worst. I knew now +that I had grown very fond of the +young man, and I could see that Howard +liked him, too.</p> +<h3>III.</h3> +<p>The doctor looked at me curiously. +“He is pretty badly hurt, but I think +he will pull through. I don’t suppose +it makes any particular difference to +him or anybody else, whether he does +or not!” he said, brushing his hat with +his coat-sleeve.</p> +<p>“Why not?” I demanded.</p> +<p>“Why, because he will only pull +through this to get killed in some other +scrape, and before he can get into anything +else he will have to answer for +this one. You know how he was +hurt?”</p> +<p>“No, I don’t know anything about +it.”</p> +<p>“He robbed a fellow in the night, +and the man chased him and shot him, +and finding that he still ran, knocked +him down with the butt end of his pistol, +threw it at him; that is the worst +hurt he had. And he is an old customer, +for this blow opened an old +place; it isn’t the first time he has been +caught. I’ve just trepanned it—quite +a serious operation under the circumstances.”</p> +<p>“And the pistol wounds?”</p> +<p>“Nothing but scratches; they won’t +hurt.”</p> +<p>“Well, he is a human creature, with +an immortal soul, and I shall take care +of him, anyhow. There is nobody else +to do it, so I intend to,” I said as +calmly as I could, after all this terrible +information, which had shaken me +none the less for the doctor’s indifferent +tone and manner.</p> +<p>“Very well, ma’am, I wish you success. +There’s nothing to do now but +keep him quiet until I come back after +breakfast.”</p> +<p>I walked in alone and looked at the +still, white face under the bandages. +He was evidently under the influence +of a heavy opiate, for there was no +sign of life, except the faint breathing.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:234px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_90' id='linki_90'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus224.png' alt='' title='' width='234' height='400' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>I could not</span> help feeling a great pity +for the young man, so friendless and +so indifferently regarded, and with such +a future to look forward to in his recovery. +No clue could be found to +his past or his family, if he had any.</p> +<p>I took it as more than mere accident +that he had fallen thus helpless and +suffering into my hands, and resolved +to use to the utmost my skill and influence +for the best.</p> +<p>He lay for a good many days—I cannot +tell just how many—in a comatose +condition, and I did not for a moment +relax my watch, except to take a little +rest now and then. At length there began +to be signs of returning consciousness. +The dull eyes would open and +gaze vacantly around the room.</p> +<p>He could utter a few incoherent +words, and the hands groped in a +troubled way among the bed-clothes. +And day by day, as the bronze tint of +the skin disappeared, and the features +grew clearer and thinner, that marvellous +likeness grew stronger, until, looking +at him, I rubbed my eyes sometimes, +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_190' name='page_190'></a>190</span> +and believed myself the victim of +an hallucination.</p> +<div class='figcenter'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_91' id='linki_91'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus226.png' alt='' title='' width='600' height='408' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p>One morning, at length, he opened +his eyes, and looked at me with a new +intelligence, an attentiveness that I +had never seen in him before.</p> +<p>As he lay there with bright open +eyes the likeness was simply intolerable, +as I thought of the career that +he represented. I busied myself in +bringing the basin of water and sponge +to bathe his face and hands. He +was evidently trying to recall the +circumstances of his injury and account +for his presence there, for he +looked in turn at me and the room, +and then at the bed in which he lay.</p> +<p>“Mrs. Spencer, I cannot think how +you come to be here. Was I much +hurt?”</p> +<p>“Yes, you were pretty badly hurt, +but you will soon be all right now if +you keep quiet. Don’t move your +head. I will wash your hands now.”</p> +<p>He closed his eyes as if weary with +even the effort he had made, and soon +fell asleep, as naturally as a child.</p> +<p>Later in the day he awoke and +seemed strange. He looked at me +with the same puzzled expression. I +was heating some drink for him over a +spirit lamp when he spoke in a strangely +familiar voice, although very weak.</p> +<p>“Mrs. Spencer, has anything happened +at home that you have come to +me, and not mother? I had a letter +from mother yesterday, and all were +well. Was the accident very fatal?”</p> +<p>I dropped the cup I was holding; +my heart seemed to stop beating. For +the white, serious face on the pillow +was not that of Charlie Reynolds, but +Chester Mansfield! I ran out of the +room, down the hall, and into my own +room. I had no motive in doing so, +because I was too much startled and +I think terrified for thought.</p> +<p>My first collected idea was, that I had +dwelt upon the subject so much during +lonely days and nights of vigil that I +was now a victim of subjective vision—I +was for the moment insane upon that +subject. I sent for the doctor immediately, +and after bathing my face and +trying to steady my quivering nerves, +returned to my patient whom I was +afraid I might have shocked by my +sudden exit. He looked surprised, and +watched me curiously.</p> +<p>“I think you had better not talk any +more. The doctor says you must be +kept quiet.” And I busied my hands +in smoothing down the bed-clothes.</p> +<p>“I will be quiet; but you must tell +me one or two things. Are they all +well at home—Lucia, and mother and +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_191' name='page_191'></a>191</span> +the girls? and how many were hurt in +the accident?”</p> +<p>“They are all well at home. I am +visiting here,” I managed to answer, +and he turned away his head, apparently +satisfied. I paced up and down the +hall until the doctor came, and drew +him into a vacant room to tell him the +situation. He looked at me incredulously +when I had finished my excited +narrative, reached for my wrist, and +shook his head. “You have been +working too hard over that fellow,” he +said. “You will be the next patient.”</p> +<p>“But he asked for his wife and called +her by name. Come and see which is +the lunatic,” and I led the way to the +sick-room.</p> +<p>“Ah!” he said in a cheery tone, going +to the bedside. “I see we are getting +along bravely, and look as smart +as folks that have a whole skull.”</p> +<p>The patient (I didn’t know what +name to call him) smiled, but without +a trace of recognition.</p> +<p>“I suppose you are my physician, +and I am probably indebted to you for +my life,” he said feebly.</p> +<p>The doctor looked puzzled. “You +don’t seem to recall my face.”</p> +<p>“No, I suppose I was knocked senseless. +The last thing I can remember +is going down the embankment. I tried +to jump, but my foot caught, and I +struck my head against something. +There was a young woman in the opposite +berth—was she killed, I wonder? +She had two little children. I suppose +I have been unconscious for sometime. +It must have happened yesterday, didn’t +it?”</p> +<p>“It was several days ago,” said the +doctor, soothingly. “You had better +rest a while, and then you can tell us +more, and about yourself.”</p> +<p>“This lady can tell you all about me. +She has known me all my life,” and he +closed his eyes wearily.</p> +<p>The doctor looked at me significantly, +and I followed him into the hall.</p> +<p>“What in the world does this mean? +That young man is no more Charlie +Reynolds than I am. I can only account +for the case in one way, and that +is a very unusual one. The operation +I performed last week restored his skull +to its normal shape. There was quite +a deep indenture and a consequent +pressure upon the brain, which undoubtedly +affected, probably suspended, +his memory. Now this young man—minister, +did you say?——”</p> +<p>“Yes,” I interrupted. “But this is +the awful part of it. He is dead—buried—five +years ago. I saw him +buried, have gone to his grave many +times, and now he lies there and talks +to me. And Charlie Reynolds, drunkard +and robber. Oh, no! no!”</p> +<p>“You say your friend was killed in +a railroad accident on his vacation trip? +How was the body identified? Who +saw it after it was sent home?”</p> +<p>“None of his family saw the remains, +he was so badly burned. I see. It +must have been the wrong body.”</p> +<p>“And the railroad, of course, had +him cared for until he was well. And +then he couldn’t tell who he was, and +drifted about until he fell into bad company. +He has been a cat’s paw for +this gang, no doubt. Well, you’ve got +a pretty little sensation upon your +hands. I’d like to see you get back +and tell your story.”</p> +<p>I wondered how he could talk and +smile so carelessly, but in that country +nobody is surprised at anything. I +went back to my patient, after dispatching +a messenger for Howard, who +was working in the “San Jacinto,” +twenty miles away.</p> +<p>Chester, as I could safely call him +now, was extremely anxious about his +fellow passengers, and thought they +must be in the hotel at this time. I +was familiar with the shocking details +of the disaster at the time, but could +not recall them with sufficient accuracy +to satisfy him. The five years intervening +were apparently entirely lost. +He could scarcely believe us when we +told him that he had lain unconscious +for more than a week.</p> +<p>Howard came in the evening, and +was amazed beyond his power of expression. +He thought over the complex +situation a long time before he +made any effort to communicate with +the family of the patient. Chester +could not understand why we had not +telegraphed before, and we could not +explain. We called a council of three +and debated. Chester Mansfield, the +<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_192' name='page_192'></a>192</span> +gifted, irreproachable minister of our +large church, was held to be tried for +robbery and assault as soon as he was +able to appear. We could not take +him away. What word could we send +to the young wife, about whom he +continually asked, and the old mother? +We finally left it to Howard, who telegraphed +to the wife that her husband +had been found alive, though recovering +from serious illness; that he was +in our care, but wished her to join him +as soon as possible; and that the body +sent home as his must have been that +of another man.</p> +<div class='figright' style='width:287px'> +<div class='figtag'> +<a name='linki_92' id='linki_92'></a> +</div> +<img src='images/illus228.png' alt='' title='' width='287' height='546' /> +<br /> +</div> +<p><span class='nowrap'>When we told</span> Chester that she had +been sent for he exclaimed, “How can +she leave her baby? She would have +been with me but for that three months +old baby.” The baby was now a tall +boy of five in kilts. Although the +complications arising from this strange +case were countless, we managed to +keep the real story from Chester until +he was sufficiently recovered to bear +it, and indeed we did not then tell him +of the serious misdeeds of his other +self.</p> +<p>But when the young wife came after +her long journey, and we led her, for the +first time without her mourning dress, +up to his room, he knew that to her he +was in truth one risen from the dead. +I opened the door for her, and when I +heard her cry of joy as she sprang +forward, satisfied at last of his identity, +and his low, “My love, my love!” +I closed the door and went away to +weep a few tears to myself, but not of +sorrow.</p> +<p>My story is told. We secured bail +for Charles Reynolds and took him +home, to await the fall term of court, +where he expects to have no difficulty +in proving his innocence in his present +person. To himself his case presents +some metaphysical and moral studies +quite at variance with his own belief. +He cannot yet comprehend the silence +of his conscience at this time of need. +The sensation created by our return, +and all subsequent events, are well +known to those who will read this +statement, so that I need tell no +more.</p> +<p>My only object in writing so minute +an account, and detailing such conversations +as I could remember, is to protect +him forever, as far as my word +will avail, from any insinuation of intentional +or conscious wrong doing in +those five lost years, knowing as I do +the conditions of life exacted of a +clergyman and fearing some future +recrimination.</p> +<hr class='pb' /> +<div class="trnote"> +<p><b>Transcriber Notes</b></p> +<p>The Table of Contents and the List of Illustrations +were added by the transcriber.<br /> +Quotation marks changed to standardize usage.<br /> +All other original punctuation and archaic spelling (i.e. chetahs, serval, wardbob, and Bagdad) preserved as written.</p> +</div> + +<!-- generated by ppg.rb version: 3.21k3 --> +<!-- timestamp: 2010-09-19 17:43:26 -0500 --> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, +July, 1893, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, JULY, 1893 *** + +***** This file should be named 33771-h.htm or 33771-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/7/7/33771/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Katherine Ward, and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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