diff options
Diffstat (limited to '33723.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 33723.txt | 1787 |
1 files changed, 1787 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/33723.txt b/33723.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eec82df --- /dev/null +++ b/33723.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1787 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of 'Phiz' (Hablot Knight Browne), a Memoir., by +Fred. G. Kitton + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: 'Phiz' (Hablot Knight Browne), a Memoir. + +Author: Fred. G. Kitton + +Release Date: September 14, 2010 [EBook #33723] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 'PHIZ' (HABLOT KNIGHT BROWNE) *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Josephine Paolucci and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive.) + + + + + + + + +"PHIZ" + +(H. K. BROWNE) + +A Memoir. + + +_From PUNCH, July 22nd, 1882._ + +"Phiz." + +HABLOT K. BROWNE, ARTIST. BORN, 1815. DIED, JULY, 1882. + + The Lamp is out that lighted up the text + Of DICKENS, LEVER--heroes of the pen. + _Pickwick_ and _Lorrequer_ we love, but next + We place the man who made us see such men. + What should we know of _Martin Chuzzlewit_, + Stern _Mr. Dombey_, or _Uriah Heep_? + _Tom Burke of Ours?_--Around our hearths they sit, + Outliving their creators--all asleep! + + No sweeter gift ere fell to man than his + Who gave us troops of friends--delightful PHIZ! + + He is not dead! There in the picture-book + He lives with men and women that he drew; + We take him with us to the cozy nook + Where old companions we can love anew. + Dear boyhood's friend! We rode with him to hounds; + Lived with dear _Peggotty_ in after years; + Missed in old Ireland where fun knew no bounds; + At _Dora's_ death we felt poor _David's_ tears! + + There is no death for such a man--he is + The spirit of an unclosed book! immortal PHIZ! + +[Illustration] + + + + +"PHIZ" + +(HABLOT KNIGHT BROWNE) + +A Memoir. + +INCLUDING + +_A Selection from his Correspondence and Notes on his Principal Works._ + +BY + +FRED. G. KITTON. + +WITH A PORTRAIT, AND NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. + +LONDON: +W. SATCHELL & CO., +19, TAVISTOCK STREET COVENT GARDEN. + +MDCCCLXXXII. + + +LONDON: +G. NORMAN AND SON, PRINTERS, HART STREET, +COVENT GARDEN. + + + + +PREFACE. + + +Taking into consideration the ability of the Artist whose name has +become identified with the works of DICKENS, of LEVER, and of AINSWORTH; +and who has contributed in the course of the present century more +largely (perhaps with the single exception of CRUIKSHANK) to the +embellishment of popular books than any other known illustrator; it +would seem an inexcusable omission, almost amounting to neglect, if the +life and labours of the late HABLOT KNIGHT BROWNE met with no more +worthy recognition than the fleeting comments of the daily press. + +Such, at least, is my opinion; and as a humble tribute to the memory of +an able and industrious draughtsman, and fertile designer, I place on +record the more generally interesting particulars of an honourable and +exemplary career. + +To Mr. W. G. BROWNE and Dr. EDGAR BROWNE, sons of the deceased artist, +my best thanks are due for a kindly interest in my work, manifested more +especially by the loan of many interesting letters dashed off on various +occasions by "Phiz" in the wildest spirit of fun; and a willing consent +to their appearance in print. + +I have also to acknowledge the courtesy of Messrs. H. SOTHERAN & CO., +for permission to copy for publication a few letters written by "Phiz" +to CHARLES DICKENS, which are now published for the first time. For the +Portrait (copied from a photograph, perhaps the best of the very few now +in existence) I am indebted to the Proprietors of _The Graphic_. + +And lastly, the Author desires to associate with this brochure the name +of his friend, Mr. GEORGE REDWAY, who has rendered much valuable +assistance in bringing it before the public. + +FRED. G. KITTON. + +25, PAULTONS SQUARE, +CHELSEA, S.W. + +_August, 1882_. + + + + +LIST OF PLATES. + + +Portrait of "Phiz" (H. K. Browne) FRONTISPIECE + +The Departure To face page 8 + +Artist's "Fancies for Mr. Dombey" " 11 + +Sam Weller and his Father " 14 + +Tail-piece to _Barnaby Rudge_ " 16 + +Dick Swiveller and the Lodger " 20 + +Death of Quilp " 26 + +The Rioters " 30 + +NOTE.--With the exception of the Portrait, and the "Dombey fancies," the +above engravings are printed from electro-types of the original blocks, +which were first published in _Master Humphrey's Clock_ (1840-1). + + + + +"PHIZ" (H. K. BROWNE) A MEMOIR. + + +"Fizz, Whizz, or something of that sort," humorous TOM HOOD would say, +when trying to recall the pseudonym that has since become so familiar by +means of the innumerable works of art to which it was appended. At the +time HABLOT[A] KNIGHT BROWNE first used this quaint _soubriquet_, it was +customary to look upon book-illustrators as second, or even third-rate +artists--mere hacks in fact; and for this reason they usually suppressed +their real names, in order to give themselves the opportunity of earning +the title of _artist_, when producing more ambitious results as +painters. Occasionally, whether by accident or design, the subject of +this memoir would affix his real name to his illustrations; and the +public were consequently under the impression that the two signatures +were those of different artists, and were even wont to remark that +"_Browne's work was better than that of 'Phiz!_'" + +It is not, perhaps, generally known that the artist's first _nom de +crayon_ was "NEMO," which to some extent bears out the above statement +that a book-illustrator was considered a "nobody." Mr. BROWNE himself, +in referring to the _Pickwick Papers_, gave the following +explanation:--"I think I signed myself as 'NEMO' to my first etchings +(those of No. 4) before adopting 'Phiz' as my _soubriquet_, to +harmonize--I suppose--better with Dickens' 'Boz.'" It is only on the +earliest printed plates in some copies of the _Pickwick Papers_ that the +signature of "NEMO" can be faintly traced. + +HABLOT KNIGHT BROWNE, son of William Loder Browne, a descendant from a +Norfolk family, was born on the 12th of July, 1815, at Kennington, +London. He was educated at a private school in Norfolk, and from an +early age evinced a taste for drawing, which, being recognized by his +relatives, induced them to apprentice him to FINDEN, the well-known +line-engraver. An anecdote is told of him during his apprenticeship +which will bear repetition. Finding BROWNE very painstaking and +conscientious, his master usually sent him with engraved plates to the +printer, in order that he might superintend the operation of +proof-taking. As printers usually take their own time over such matters, +the youth found that this waiting the pressman's pleasure tried his +patience too much. It therefore occurred to him that to spend the +interval in the British Museum, hard by, would be much more suited to +his tastes. On his returning with the proofs, FINDEN would praise the +boy's diligence, little thinking what trick had been practised on him. + +Line-engraving, however, did not find much favour with the future +"Phiz," the process being too tedious; for FINDEN would probably occupy +some weeks to produce a small plate, which by the quicker process of +etching, could have been executed in as many hours. He accordingly +suspended operations in that quarter, and, in conjunction with a young +kindred spirit, hired a small attic, and employed his time in the more +fascinating pursuit of water-colour drawing, which he continued to +follow with remarkable assiduity until a few days before his death. + +These juvenile disciples of the brush then worked hard at drawing in +colour. BROWNE paid his share of the rent in drawings, which he produced +rapidly; indeed, there was a solemn compact between the co-workers to +"do three a day"--they subsisting, meanwhile, on the simplest fare. At +this time he attended the evening class at the "Life" School in St. +Martin's Lane, and was a fellow-pupil with ETTY, the famous painter of +the "nude." It was BROWNE'S great delight to watch this talented student +at work, and he considerably neglected his own studies in consequence. + +At the age of seventeen, or thereabouts, he succeeded in gaining a medal +offered for competition by the Society of Arts for the best +representation of an historical subject; and was again fortunate in +obtaining a prize, from the same Society, for a large etching of "John +Gilpin." Mr. GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA, himself an artist of no small +ability, remembers to have seen, in a shop-window in Wardour Street, a +certain print by a young man named HABLOT BROWNE, representing the +involuntary flight of John Gilpin, scattering the pigs and poultry in +his never-to-be-forgotten ride. + +[Illustration] + +By the time he had attained his twentieth year he had acquired +considerable facility with the pencil. CHARLES DICKENS, but three years +his senior, and with whom the name of "Phiz" is inseparably connected, +had just then made a wonderful reputation by his "Sketches," which first +appeared, at intervals, during 1834-5, and were afterwards published in +book form, illustrated by the renowned GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. + +In 1836, there appeared in print a pamphlet of some forty or fifty +pages, entitled _Sunday under Three Heads--As it is; as Sabbath Bills +would make it; as it might be made_; "By Timothy Sparks; illustrated by +H. K. B.;" and dedicated to the Bishop of London. The author was CHARLES +DICKENS, whose satire was levelled at Sir Andrew Agnew and the extreme +Sabbatarian party, and had immediate reference to a bill "for the better +observance of the Sabbath," which the House of Commons had recently +thrown out by a small majority. The illustrations in this little work +were drawn by HABLOT BROWNE, and are very choice examples of +wood-engraving of the school that existed half a century ago. Its +original price was one shilling, but having become very scarce, it is +now worth more than its weight in gold. + +These early productions of BROWNE'S pencil at once introduced him to +public notice, and DICKENS showed his appreciation of their excellence +by selecting him as the illustrator of the _Pickwick Papers_, which +appeared during the early part of that year. It is well known to the +readers of Forster's _Life of Dickens_, that the idea of "Pickwick" was +suggested to the author by ROBERT SEYMOUR, whose tastes induced him to +etch a few plates of sporting subjects to which DICKENS was to supply +the text. Thus commenced that immortal work known as _The Posthumous +Papers of the Pickwick Club_. SEYMOUR produced seven illustrations, when +he committed suicide, which obliged the publishers to make arrangements +with another artist. R. W. BUSS[B] succeeded SEYMOUR, and etched two +plates, which DICKENS, who had by this time assumed the control of the +work, thought so unsatisfactory (as indeed they were), that he declined +his further services. Here a fresh opening was created, and WILLIAM +MAKEPEACE THACKERAY competed with HABLOT KNIGHT BROWNE for the post; +both submitting to DICKENS' inspection some specimens of their work. + +The choice fell upon "Phiz," the artist whose ability has so admirably +proved the wisdom of the selection; and THACKERAY thereupon determined +to adopt another profession, with what happy results let _Esmond_ +testify. Who could say whether _Vanity Fair_ would ever have been +written had this mighty penman been chosen to succeed BUSS? It is +curious to note THACKERAY'S great anxiety to become an artist; he even +went abroad to study, but SALA tells us that "Mr. THACKERAY drew, +perhaps, rather worse than he had done before beginning his continental +studies, although at that time he actually supplied a series of etchings +to illustrate DOUGLAS JERROLD'S _Men of Character_, which were prodigies +of badness." + +When "Phiz" had been selected as the illustrator of the _Pickwick +Papers_, his generous rival was the first to tell him the good news, and +offer his congratulations. + +"Phiz" may now be said to have fairly commenced his career as a +book-illustrator. His sense of humour corresponded so exactly with that +of DICKENS, that a mere suggestion enabled him to vividly represent the +scenes described by the author. It has been remarked (and truly) that in +many cases the plates do not correspond with the text; but this can be +accounted for. DICKENS, then an enthusiastic young author, and somewhat +impetuous in his demands for drawings, would arrive unexpectedly at +BROWNE'S studio, hurriedly read a few pages of manuscript, and +exclaiming, "Now, I want you to illustrate that," would take an abrupt +departure, carrying the manuscript off with him. As soon as the artist +could collect his faculties, he would try to recall the scene so hastily +described, and endeavour to put it on paper. DICKENS himself, in his +preface to the _Pickwick Papers_, gives a similar explanation, viz.--"It +is due to the gentleman, whose designs accompany the letterpress, to +state that the interval has been so short between the production of each +number in manuscript and its appearance in print, that the greater +portion of the illustrations have been executed by the artist from the +author's verbal description of what he intended to write." It is +therefore not surprising that a few errors, in such details as the +number of boys in a procession,[C] or the dress of an individual, should +occur. + +[Illustration] + +Of DICKENS' Novels, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ contains, perhaps, our etcher's +most vigorous productions, but the small woodcut illustrations in +_Master Humphrey's Clock_ are very praiseworthy, and without doubt +conduced greatly to the popularity of the book. + +The illustrations in the _Pickwick Papers_ are on the whole inferior to +many which "Phiz" subsequently executed. But an exception must be made +in favour of the artist's realization of the character of Sam Weller, +than which, even SEYMOUR'S happy invention of Mr. Pickwick did not more +effectually ensure the popularity of DICKENS' comic epic and give it a +"deathless date." + +The extraordinary demand for copies of the _Pickwick Papers_ +necessitated a re-etching of the copper-plates, which, owing to friction +caused by the printer's hand, had become very much worn. This +reproduction will account for any slight difference in the details of +the illustrations; for the repetition of subjects once etched, was a +task by no means congenial to the artist; and this no doubt induced him +to say, some years afterwards, in a letter to one of his sons, "O! I'm +a' weary, I'm a' weary of this illustrating business." + +Artists frequently experience great difficulty in realizing, to the +author's satisfaction, the description of scenes and characters. An +illustration is here given showing BROWNE'S various "fancies for Mr. +Dombey," all of which failed to please DICKENS, who also expressed his +disapprobation of this artist's treatment of another subject in _Dombey +and Son_. "I am really distressed," writes he, "by the illustration of +Mrs. Pipchin and Paul. It is so frightfully and wildly wide of the mark. +Good Heaven! in the commonest and most literal construction of the text, +it is all wrong. She is described as an old lady, and Paul's 'miniature +arm-chair' is mentioned more than once. He ought to be sitting in a +little arm-chair down in the corner of the fire-place, staring up at +her. I can't say what pain and vexation it is to be so utterly +misrepresented. I would cheerfully have given a hundred pounds to have +kept this illustration out of the book. He never could have got that +idea of Mrs. Pipchin if he had attended to the text. Indeed, I think he +does better without the text; for then the notion is made easy to him in +short description, and he can't help taking it in." + +As the tale proceeded, the artist more than compensated for his +unsuccessful rendering of this incident; and with "Micawber," in _David +Copperfield_, he obtained the author's entire approbation, who says, +"Browne has sketched an uncommonly characteristic and capital Mr. +Micawber for the next number." Again, with reference to an illustration +in _Bleak House_, "Browne has done Skimpole, and helped to make him +singularly unlike the great original."[D] + +Of the private life of "Phiz" little is known. His extreme nervousness +and dislike to publicity was often misconstrued as pride; and DICKENS +even had considerable difficulty in occasionally persuading him to meet +a few friends and spend a pleasant evening. When he did accept such +invitations, he invariably tried to seclude himself in a corner of the +room, or behind a curtain. His desire for a quiet, unobtrusive life, +induced him to pass most of his time in country retirement, all business +matters in town being transacted by an intimate friend.[E] Authors or +publishers wishing to have a personal interview with "Phiz" were +compelled to visit him at his residence, a few miles from town, and many +were the _contretemps_ on dark nights as they crossed a bleak moor to +reach their destination. His sons looked forward to the time when +visitors were expected, in order to hear the stories of wild adventure +which generally befell them, and to laugh at their discomfiture. + +"Phiz" had been from his boyhood accustomed to horses, and frequently +hunted with the Surrey hounds. To this circumstance is due the extreme +facility with which he delineated the horse in action in the hunting +field and elsewhere. At one time he contributed sketches to _The +Sporting Gazette_. This industrious artist was never known to take a +lengthened holiday, but occasionally spent a few days at the seaside, +where, no doubt, his pencil was fully employed. A letter, written while +staying at Margate, to his son Mr. Walter G. Browne (whom, for some +unknown reason he styled "Doctor"), shows his innate sense of humour. + + _Tuesday, June 19_, 6A, CRESCENT PLACE, MARGATE. + + MY DEAR DR., + + "I haave [Transcriber's note: haave has two macrons over the + a's to denote a very long a is the correct pronunciation] + my W. C. White:[F]--but I have no white _collars_--and + as I am swelling it about without a necktie--mine having + mysteriously disappeared, left behind in a bath + probably--perhaps it would be coming it too strong + to appear without collars also, and it is hardly warm enough + for it either. Your P.O. is from the Miscellany--to H. K. + Browne--from Mr. Barrett--Xtian name unknown--and no matter. + Any blocks that come, forward on. Send me a * * * * * * + before I return. I did some very good shades myself--of + myself--unconsciously--yesterday evening. The baths run + along one side of the High Street, flush with the + pavement--and I found when I had nearly finished my toilet + that the gas-burner was so ingeniously placed, that it was + impossible for any bather to avoid casting gigantic studies + of the nude upon the window blind.--This sort of thing.--" + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + +[Here follow several other sketches of the bather in various attitudes]. + +His appreciation of fun is thus referred to by DICKENS in a letter to +Mrs. Dickens, dating from the Lion Hotel, Shrewsbury. "Thursday, Nov. +1st, 1838.--We were at the play last night. It was a bespeak--'The Love +Chase,' a ballet (with a phenomenon!), divers songs, and 'A Roland for +an Oliver.' It is a good theatre, but the actors are very funny. Browne +laughed with such indecent heartiness at one point of the entertainment, +that an old gentleman in the next box suffered the most violent +indignation." + +In 1837, "Phiz" accompanied DICKENS to Flanders, for a ten days' summer +holiday; and in 1838 they went to Yorkshire, a journey which resulted in +the production of _Nicholas Nickleby_. + +The following year he made one of a party of four, and visited, with +DICKENS, MACREADY and FORSTER, nearly all the London prisons. These +joint tours of Author and Artist could not fail to assist the +realization of the scenes they intended to depict. + +It is an interesting fact in connection with the career of "Phiz," that +he would never agree to draw from the living model,--all his +representations of moving crowds, and the various types of humanity, +which his etchings exhibit, being drawn from recollection. He would +sometimes make a few jottings in pencil--mere memoranda--when anything +struck him as being worthy of reproduction, but beyond that he depended +on his excellent memory. For example, he would go to Epsom on the Derby +Day without taking a pencil even, and, on returning home, would draw to +the life exact portraits of any conspicuous or eccentric character he +had seen on the course. + +As previously stated, BROWNE was extremely fond of water-colour drawing, +and executed some thousands during his life; not unfrequently a day's +work would be represented by three or four of these productions. They +were not caricatures, as one might suppose, but rural scenes _a la +Watteau_, and allegorical subjects. This fact controverts the statement +made in a daily paper, that "unfortunately, without a text to +illustrate, 'Phiz' never had half-a-dozen ideas in his head" (!). For +many years he was a constant contributor of pictures--figure subjects of +a humorous and dramatic character--to the Exhibitions of the British +Institution, and of the Society of British Artists. Among his more +ambitious efforts was a cartoon of considerable dimensions, representing +"A Foraging Party of Caesar's Forces surprised by the Britons," which +appeared as No. 65 at the Westminster Hall Exhibition of 1843. This, +notwithstanding the "scratchy" manner of its execution, displayed +remarkable skill and abundant energy of design. At the same gathering +another cartoon was attributed to him, of which the energy bordered on +caricature; it was named, "Henry II defied by a Welsh Mountaineer." + +[Illustration] + +At one time "Phiz" received an extraordinary commission to reproduce in +water-colour all his illustrations to the Novels of DICKENS. The Artist +reminded his patron of the magnitude of the undertaking, but the request +was persisted in, and the work duly executed. + +His love of bracing air induced him to pay frequent visits to the +seaside; but on one occasion he lodged in a house not remarkable for its +odoriferous nature; and, in order to produce a current of fresh air in +his bed-room, he opened door and window, and slept in the draught caused +thereby. For many years before his death, he suffered from incipient +paralysis, the result, no doubt, of this incautious act, and to which +may be attributed his disappearance from the art world some fifteen +years ago. + +"Phiz," notwithstanding his crippled condition, still worked hard with +admirable perseverance, though his difficulties were increased by an +injury to his thumb, which compelled him to hold his pencil between the +middle and fore fingers. His friends endeavoured to persuade him to draw +his pictures on a larger scale, in order that they might be photographed +to the required dimensions, but, with one or two exceptions, he refused +to act on this suggestion. He gradually lost that facility which +characterized his work, and latterly yielded to proposals to illustrate +boys' literature of a rather low class. + +The time is past, no doubt, which encouraged the method of +book-illustration adopted by "Phiz." It has given place to +wood-engraving, and multifarious phototypic processes, that, perhaps, +are commercially preferable, but from an artistic standpoint much +inferior. We must, however, except the wonderful results some +wood-engravers have produced from time to time, which etchers, even, +cannot hope to excel. + +Dr. Edgar Browne describes his father's indifference to the value of his +work, or the time and labour bestowed upon it:--"He never understood the +art of husbanding or developing his powers,--he never set to work to +learn any technical process; when he had a little leisure from +'illustration' work, he used to start a picture 'to get his hand +in'--generally taking some unimportant or trivial subject for this +purpose. His facility of hand both in large and minute work was +something marvellous. At one time, he produced a very remarkable series +of sketches in chalk made during a tour in Ireland. They are scattered +now, but are as fine as anything he did, and are certainly the best +records of a people who have practically vanished. He was astonishingly +careless about his work. Hundreds of original designs were thrown into +the waste-paper basket; apart from their local interest similar sketches +have found willing purchasers of late years." + +Like many other artists whose pecuniary reward had not been commensurate +with their ability,[G] he became the recipient of a pension. The kind +instrumentality of a few Royal Academicians obtained for him an annual +grant which had been previously enjoyed by the late GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. + +On the 8th of July, 1882, the death occurred of the famous "Phiz." At +the quiet village of Hove, near Brighton, where the last few years of +his life were spent, he succumbed in his sixty-seventh year to infirmity +rather than old age. Almost forgotten as a man, his productions have +remained in our memories, and will continue to do so as long as the +works of DICKENS and LEVER are read and appreciated. His remains were +interred at the extra-mural Cemetery, Brighton. The funeral was private, +the only mourners present being the four sons of the deceased, Dr. +Ambler, Mr. George Halse,[H] and Mr. Robert Harrison. + +As admirers of his artistic ability we place this Memoir as a wreath +upon his grave. + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration] + + +CORRESPONDENCE. + +The following letters were addressed by the artist-humorist to his son, +Mr. Walter Gr. Browne:-- + + + BLENHEIM CRESCENT, _Sept., Saturday, 3 o'clk._ P.M., A.D. + _1867_. + + _My Dear Dr._, + + I have nearly bursted my heart out, and proved, that my soul + or soles (I have two) is'nt--or an't--immortal,--by wearing + on 'em out running to and fro after yr. + _Balmorals_--Bootless errands! The wretched slave (of awl) + has but just brought them! I bristle with wrath! and could + welt him!--but--no--I won't--he may want his calf's skin + whole, to mend his own _Bad-morals_!! + + * * * * * + + I rush! I fly! to the Gt. W. R. Station!----!!!! + + [Illustration] + + I sink--breathless into the arms of the astounded + clerk--point to the boots---- + + _My-mouth_ faintly whispers "_Wey-mouth_ in his pen-adorned + _Ear_!!" and--and--"Bless me! where am _I_?"--and, and--I + wish--you may get 'em! + + * * * * * + + If you visit Portland again, make a note of any + peculiarities of spot--convict dress, &c.--as I have a + touching bit of horse-y sentiment (!) connected therewith, + which will do for _Spg. Gazette_.--I should think you ought + to find painty bits--within walking distance--say--right or + left ten miles? + + * * * * * + + Yrs. affecty., + + DAD. + + _Sunday._ + + Really, my dear Walter, I thought you _did_ know better than + to disturb my devotional frame of mind on this blessed + Sabbath morn by forwarding me such a thoroughly worldly and + evil-thought-producing thing as a wretched milliner's + bill!!!--The wretch must wait--he gorged L5 not long before + I left home.--The greediness of some men!! + + The Pic. Gall. circular I return--as you may like to enquire + about it--the doz. others, "cheap bacon"--"patent teeth and + everlasting gums," &c., &c., &c., &c., &c. I shall manure + the grounds of Colyton with ----. + + I think you might get some background material for coast + scenes down here. + + Yr. affec. Dad, + + H. K. B. + + * * * * * + + + 69, BLENHEIM CRESCENT, NOTTING-HILL, _Saturday_. + + MY DEAR DOCTOR, + + I send the Tenpounder, may it reach you in safety! + + The Commander has returned. I sent you a paper containing + the important news, which, however, may _not_ have reached + you, although I don't think it contained any remarks upon + the "Hemperors personal appearance," &c., &c., &c. + + Tom is in the bosom of the family for a few days.--His Pipe + is tuned differently now to what it used to was, for he now + declareth that St. John's is "a jolly school!" He seems to + get on very well indeed, and has brought home what Dr. Lowe + calls a "well-earned prize." + + He laments daily over the supposed loss of 4_d_ invested in + a letter to you--from school--as it was directed, he + says,--21, Rue _Mussel wine_--I express doubts of its having + reached you--and he groans aloud over the Bull's eyes it + _would_ have bought!---- + + I am (at _present_) _on_ a Sporting Paper--supported by some + high and mighty Turf Nobs, but, I fear, like everything I + have to do with, now-a-days, it will collapse--for--some of + the Proprietors of the Paper are also Shareholders, &c., + &c., in the Graphotype Co., so they want to work the two + together.--I hate the process--it takes quite four times as + long as wood--and I cannot draw and express myself with a + nasty little finiking brush, and the result when printed + seems to alternate between something all as black as my + hat--or as hazy and faint as a worn-out plate.--If on wood, + I should like it well enough--as it is--it spoils 4 days a + week--leaving little time for anything else. O! I'm a'weary, + I'm a'weary! of this illustration business.---- + + Tom is just off to the R.A., as it is not likely I shall go + much before it's close. I will get him to write you a + critical description of all the wonderful works in Turps, + Varnish, and "Hile." + + Yr. affectionate Dad, + + H. K. B. + + _Monday Morning, 25 m. 40 s. p. 11_ A.M. + + MY DEAR WALTER, + + There is a man playing "Home, sweet home" upon the key + bugle--it is too much for me--my heart yearneth--I feel I + must write just a line or two--especially as it is raining + hard--and I don't exactly know what to be at. + + * * * * * + + Splendid effects yesterday evening--sun-set, twilight, + crescent moon--stormy clouds,--tide out--reflections--dark + fishing-craft--very good--quite the thing for you. + + There are no people here at present--decidedly nothing + Belgravian--chiefly masculines--from the Saturday to the + Monday sort--it striketh me--a few I think have strayed here + from Southend--I saw this sort of thing [_see page 29_] on + the Grand Promenade--which looks like it.---- + + There was a great wind yesterday--Boreas had been taking + concentrated essence of ginger--It fairly took me off my + legs once as I was walking along the cliffs to Broadstairs, + luckily for me it blew _off_ the sea--and I was brought up + short by some railings in this wise--[_see page 22_] + _otherwise_ I should (_no doubt_) have been carried across a + 5 acre field of _Cloveria Trifolia Browniensis_.--I am glad + to say I was also of service to humanity yesterday--I heard + the shrill shrieks of a child and a woman's cry for help + behind me--I turned--and saw there was not a moment to lose, + the wind had caught a poor child--'s hat (and woman's too) + and bore it rapidly to the edge of the cliff--with my usual + agility I bounded over the rails fencing the cliff--and + saved--yes, saved the child--'s--'at!--another puff and it + would have been in the deep, deep sea--the blue, the fresh, + &c.--Stout mama thanked me politely, and turning to her + husband (who, of course, had come up too late to be of any + use--those husbands _always_ do)--she remarked "That the + vind had blown both her and her child's 'at hoff and if + she'd know'd it--she wouldn't have brought the young-un + hout." + + I dare say humanity is amusing here when the place is + full--there seems a good deal of "os" exercise--and + basket-carriage driving on Sundays--which is good to + behold--this gentleman [_see page 25_] was driving with + supreme self-content--having one rein all snug and tight + under his pony's tail--luckily the beast did not seem to + have any kick in him--so _perhaps_ he got safe back to + Margate. + + * * * * * + + Yr. affec. Dad, + + H. K. B. + + * * * * * + +[Illustration] + + _29th Sept. 1868._ + + MY DEAR DOCTOR, + + I have sent you a couple of canvasses--if you put little + Clara's head on one of them, you will immortalize her and + yourself too. + + Also therewith you will find a Surplice, and if you will + only "hold forth," next Sunday, in the Grande Place of + Colyton--I will guarantee to say that the simplicity of yr. + vestment and the flowing eloquence of yr. tongue will draw + out--(as irresistibly as the Piper did the children) the + congregations of the "High" Church and the Conventicles + which will--one and all--rush forth for to see and to hear, + and admiringly surround you!--If windy, you might take this + for yr. text--"What went ye forth for to see?--" A reed + shaken by the wind? &c., &c. + + There must have been a splendid _Sea on_ at _Sea-ton_, these + last few days,--_tons_ of _sea_, eh? As "I took my walk + abroad" this morning--I saw the Serpentine in all its + grandeur--and observed several vessels in distress--some + clipper yachts on their beam ends--the waves were + prodigious--great rollers--two especially--one a six horse + fellow--t'other a steamer--crunching and grinding--levelling + and sweeping all before them! + + Have you seen the Doge of Colyton yet? or any of the Dog-es? + + By all means cultivate the acquaintance of the Doge's + kinswoman. Miss P---- (pray give my love to + her)--fac-similed on the stage or in a novel, she would be a + "tremendous hit." + + I hope you are not belying the _good_ character I have given + of you to the boys--and are doing Elephant, Tiger, and + Rhinoceros[I] to their perfect satisfaction--though, + considering yr. predecessor--it will test your utmost + powers, not to be a wretched failure, possibly--much the + same sort of thing--as your attempting to sing a comic song + immediately after the Great Vance!!! Good Night, + + Yr. affectionate Dad, + + H. K. B. + + +The following notes have been selected from the unpublished +correspondence of "Phiz" with CHARLES DICKENS:-- + + MY DEAR DICKENS, + + I have just got one boot on, intending to come round to you, + but you have done me out of a capital excuse to myself for + idling away this fine morning.--I quite forgot to answer + your note, and Mr. Macrone's book has not been very vividly + present to my memory for some time past. I think by the + beginning of next (week) or the middle (_certain_) I shall + have done the plates, but in the scraps of copy that I have + I can see but _one good_ subject, so if you know of another + pray send it me. I should like "Malcolm" again, if you can + spare him. + + Believe me, + + Yours very truly, + + HABLOT K. BROWNE. + + Charles Dickens, Esq. + + + _Sunday, Sept._ + + MY DEAR DICKENS, + + Can you conveniently send me the subject or subjects for + next week by Thursday or Friday? as I wish, if practicable, + to start for Brussels by the Sunday's boat--a word in reply + will oblige, + + Yours truly, + + HABLOT K. BROWNE. + + Charles Dickens, Esq. + + + P.S.--Upon second thoughts I send you the enclosed + epistle--(if you read it, you will find out why)--the + writer thereof is "Harry Lorrequer," alias "Charles + O'Malley"--to whose house I am going. + + H. K. B. + + + P.S. Second--A fortnight's furlough would suit me better + than a week, if it could be managed, as I should like to + return by Holland. + + MY DEAR DICKENS, + + I am sorry I cannot have a touch at battledore with you + to-day, being already booked for this evening--but I will + give you a call to-morrow _after church_, and take my chance + of finding you at home. + + Yours very sincerely, + + HABLOT K. BROWNE. + + Charles Dickens, Esq. + + 33, HOWLAND STREET. + + MY DEAR DICKENS, + + I shall be most happy to remember not to forget the 10th + April, and, let me express a _dis_interested wish, that + having completed and established one "Shop"[J] in an + "extensive line of business," you will go on increasing and + multiplying such like establishments in number and + prosperity till you become a Dick Whittington of a merchant, + with pockets distended to most Brobdignag dimensions. + + Believe me, + + Yours very truly, + + HABLOT K. BROWNE. + + Charles Dickens, Esq. + + I return you the Riots with many thanks. + + +[Illustration] + + _Sunday Morning._ + + MY DEAR DICKENS, + + Will you give me some notion of the sort of design you wish + for the frontispiece to second vol. of _Clock_?[K] + Cattermole being put _hors de combat_--Chapman with a + careworn face (if you can picture that) brings me the block + at the eleventh hour, and requires it finished by Wednesday. + Now as I have two others to complete in the + meantime--something nice and _light_ would be best adapted + to my _palette_, and prevent an excess of perspiration in + the relays of wood-cutters. You shall have the others to + criticise on Tuesday. + + Yours very truly, + + HABLOT K. BROWNE. + + + Charles Dickens, Esq. + + How are Mrs. Dickens and the "Infant?" + +FOOTNOTES: + +[A] Pronounced _Hab-lo_, after a Monsieur Hablot, a captain in the +French army, and a friend of the family. + +[B] It was Buss who illustrated Mrs. Trollope's Serial Story, _The Widow +Married_, which was published in _The New Monthly Magazine_, 1840. + +[C] See _Dombey and Son_, Vol. I, p. 113--"Doctor Blimber's Young +Gentlemen." + +[D] Leigh Hunt. + +[E] Mr. R. Young, who also undertook the precarious task of "biting in" +his plates. + +[F] Water-colour white. + +[G] Publishers frequently availed themselves of his facile pencil, and +would instruct him to furnish illustrations for books already in the +press, for which he was often inadequately paid. + +[H] The Sculptor, and an old coadjutor on _Once a Week_. He is also the +author of _A Salad of Stray Leaves_ now in the press, which contains a +frontispiece by "Phiz," the last design from his pencil. This he +executed under some difficulties, for owing to an attack of rheumatism +in his hands, the design--teeming with fancy--had to be made on a large +scale, and afterwards reduced by the process of photography. + +[I] A favourite game with the children. + +[J] _The Old Curiosity Shop._ + +[K] _Master Humphrey's Clock._ + + + + +A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS ILLUSTRATED BY "PHIZ." + +To enumerate all the works illustrated by "Phiz" would be a next to +impossible task, for "their name is legion." No artist was so popular or +so prolific as a book-illustrator, with the exception, perhaps, of +George Cruikshank. It may fairly be questioned whether the works of +Charles Dickens, with which the name of "Phiz" is most intimately +associated in our minds, would have achieved such notoriety without the +aid of the etching needle so ably wielded. Mr. John Hollingshead, in his +essay on Dickens, says:-- + +"The greater the value of a book as a literary production, the more will +the circle of its influence usually be narrowed. The very shape, aspect, +and garments of the ideal creatures who move through its pages, even +when drawn by the pen of the first master of fiction in the land, will +be faint and confused to the blunter perception of the general reader, +unless aided by the attendant pencil of the illustrative artist. For the +sharp, clear images of Mr. Pickwick, with the spectacles, gaiters, and +low crowned hat--of Sam Weller, with the striped waistcoat and the +artful leer--of Mr. Winkle, with the sporting costume and the foolish +expression--more persons are indebted to the caricaturist, than to the +faultless descriptive passages of the great creative mind that called +the amusing puppets into existence." + +It was not the fame of Dickens only that was enhanced by "Phiz," for the +numerous illustrations in the works of Charles Lever, Harrison +Ainsworth, the brothers Mayhew, and a host of minor novelists were +executed by his unwearied hand. It was Dickens, however, who introduced +him to public notice, in a pamphlet, now very scarce, entitled _Sunday +under Three Heads_, embellished with four delicately executed engravings +drawn by "H. K. B." + +It was his succession to Seymour as the illustrator of the _Pickwick +Papers_, that really excited public interest in the youthful artist, who +created, pictorially, the second hero in the work, the inimitable Samuel +Weller. Those who are familiar with the original edition of the +_Pickwick Papers_ will remember with some amusement, the artist's +introduction of the indefatigable "Boots," as represented in the yard of +the "White Hart" Inn, Borough. The identical Inn exists at the present +day. "Mr. Pickwick in the Pound" is another amusing plate, where the +laughing, jeering crowd of spectators crowned by a jubilant and juvenile +chimney sweeper, the braying of a jackass in the ears of the astonished +hero, who sits somewhat uncomfortably in a wheelbarrow, are incidents so +cleverly depicted as to excite unqualified admiration. "Mr. Pickwick +Slides" is another truly artistic production. The delicate execution of +the extreme distance where is seen a manor house of the olden time +nestling amongst the trees, and a farmyard hard by, leaves nothing to be +desired. Mr. Sala somewhat harshly criticises the illustrations in this +work, which, he says, "were exceedingly humorous, but vilely drawn. The +amazing success of his author seems, however, to have spurred the artist +to sedulous study, and to have conduced in a remarkable degree towards +the development of his faculties. A surprising improvement was visible +in the frontispieces to the completed volumes[L] of _Pickwick_." +Undoubtedly faults exist, but to characterize the illustrations as +"vile," seems too severe a term, for after all, the exaggerated types of +face, form, and feature, do but harmonize with the somewhat exaggerated +descriptions of them by the author. This defect, if such it can be +called, was remedied considerably in his later productions. + +[Illustration] + +In 1837, "Phiz" accompanied Dickens into Yorkshire, there to gather +material for _Nicholas Nickleby_, a work which exposes the tyranny +practised by some schoolmasters on their helpless pupils. In this book, +published in 1839, is presented to us the despicable "Squeers," which +type of brute in human form was so successfully realized by both Author +and Artist, that the indignation of innumerable Yorkshire pedagogues was +raised to threats of legal proceedings, for traducing their characters, +one of them actually stating that "he remembered being waited on last +January twelvemonth by two gentlemen, one of whom held him in +conversation while the other took his likeness." The most familiar +representation of "Squeers" is seen in the second plate, where he stands +sharpening his pen, and is timorously approached by the stout father of +two wizen-faced boys who are about to become his pupils. The face of the +schoolmaster, in which are combined hypocrisy and cruelty, and the +expression of sympathy for the new comers exhibited by the boy on the +trunk, are worthy of the closest inspection. The effect of the school +treatment at Dotheboy's Hall is visible in the illustration where "The +Internal Economy" is depicted. Here we see the starveling lads during +and after the "internal" application of superabundant doses of brimstone +and treacle, administered by Squeers' worthy partner. The eighth plate +happily depicts the wild excitement of the pupils when "Nicholas +astonishes Mr. Squeers and family" by making a furious attack on the +former with the cane; as well as "The breaking-up at Dotheboy's Hall," +where the boys revenge themselves on their former tormentors. There are +two more etchings in this volume especially remarkable as artistic +productions, viz., "Mr. and Mrs. Mantalini in Ralph Nickleby's Office," +where the expression of an intent listener on the face of Ralph, and of +horror on that of Mantalini, is capitally rendered; and the plate +entitled "The Recognition," which shows poor Smike in the act of rising +from a couch of sickness as he recognizes "Broker," who had conveyed him +as a child to school. + +_Master Humphrey's Clock_, written in 1840-1, includes the stories of +the _Old Curiosity Shop_ and _Barnaby Rudge_ which have been happily +termed "two unequalled twin fictions upon one stem." The illustrations +were drawn on wood by H. K. Browne and George Cattermole, and the former +created, pictorially, Little Nell, Mrs. Jarley, Quilp, Dick Swiveller, +the Marchioness, Sally Brass, and her brother Sampson. "Phiz" revelled +in wild fun in the vignettes relating to the devilries of Mr. Daniel +Quilp and the humours of Codlin and Short, and of Mrs. Jarley's waxwork +show. His "Marchioness" was a distinct comic creation; but in the weird +waterscape, showing the corpse of Quilp washed ashore, he sketched a +vista of riparian scenery which, in its desolate breadth and loneliness, +has not since, perhaps, been equalled, save in the amazing suggestive +Thames etchings of Mr. James Whistler. To be sure, Hablot Browne was +stimulated to excellence during the continuance of the _Old Curiosity +Shop_ by the friendly rivalry of the famous water-colour painter, George +Cattermole, who drew the charming vignettes of the quaint old cottages +and school-house and church of the village where "Little Nell" died. In +_Barnaby Rudge_, however, Hablot Browne had things graphic his own way, +and again towards the close he manifested genuine tragic power. His +"Barnaby with the Raven" is lovely in its picturesque grace.[M] When the +first cheap series of this work was published, plates by H. K. Browne +were issued, which are now so scarce, that they are often catalogued at +eight or ten times their original price. + +Two years after the visit of Dickens to America in 1842, _Martin +Chuzzlewit_ was published, the illustrations to which excel in vigour +all the previous efforts of "Phiz." Here we are brought face to face, in +a pictorial sense, with the hypocrite, Mr. Pecksniff, the _abstemious_ +Mrs. Gamp and her bosom friend, Betsy Prig, simple Tom Pinch and his +charming sister, Ruth. The frontispiece is a most ambitious work, but +none the less successful, for "Phiz" has represented, in the space of a +few square inches, all the leading events, humorous and pathetic, +described in the novel. In the illustration where Mark Tapley is seen +starting from his native village for London, "Phiz" exhibits his sense +of the picturesque in the old gables and dormers of the cottages which +form the background. The plate, "Mr. Pecksniff on his Mission," is full +of interest, and gives us an insight into the character of Kingsgate +Street, Holborn, at that time. The female neighbours of Mrs. Gamp, the +midwife, flock round Pecksniff, commiserating with him on his supposed +domestic cares, and advising him to "knock at the winder, Sir; knock at +the winder. Lord bless you, don't lose no more time than you can +help--knock at the winder!" + +[Illustration] + +But the etching in _Chuzzlewit_ which most strikes the reader as a +ludicrous conception, is that where "Mrs. Gamp propoges a toast." Here +he has admirably illustrated the text, wherein is described, with other +details of a droll character, how some rusty gowns and other articles of +that lady's wardrobe depended from the bed-posts; and "these had so +adapted themselves by long usage to her figure, that more than one +impatient husband, coming in precipitately, at about the time of +twilight, had been for an instant stricken dumb by the supposed +discovery that Mrs. Gamp had hanged herself." In the background of the +picture are represented these indispensable articles of dress, while at +the table sit, in friendly chat, Mrs. Gamp and Betsy. + +"Betsy," said Mrs. Gamp, filling her own glass and passing the tea-pot, +"I will now propoge a toast. My frequent pardner, Betsy Prig!" + +"Which, altering the name to Sairah Gamp; I drink," said Mrs. Prig, +"with love and tenderness." + +In 1846, _Dombey and Son_ commenced, with forty illustrations by "Phiz." +The frontispiece is similar in design to that of _Chuzzlewit_, +introducing the principal characters and events in the novel. The +austere and pompous (not to say selfish) Mr. Dombey, whom "Phiz" had +great difficulty in realizing to the author's satisfaction,[N] is +introduced in many of the plates, although the artist has somewhat +failed in preserving the same type of face throughout. He has succeeded +better with the genial Captain Cuttle. Little Paul, as he sits in his +diminutive arm-chair, contrasts most favourably in his childish +innocence, with the grim Mrs. Pipchin, whose Ogress-like character is +strongly marked. The scene in which Mr. Dombey introduces his daughter +Florence to Mrs. Skewton, is one of the most successful in the book, and +contains the _best_ type of Dombey. Here also, the face of Florence is +truly pretty, and the artist has well portrayed the handsome but +vindictive Edith denouncing Carker for his treachery. A very effective +etching entitled, "On the Dark Road," represents the flight of the +enraged and disappointed libertine. The horses are being urged on their +mad career by the whip and spurs of a postilion, under the dark sky with +a glimmer of light in the horizon caused by the rising sun. The artist +at this time essayed a process of working on plates over which a +half-tint had been previously laid by means of a ruling-machine, and in +which the "high-lights" were afterwards "stopped out," and the "whites" +"burnished out." He frequently availed himself of these ready means of +producing effect. Full-length portraits of the principal characters in +_Dombey_, which were issued as additional plates by "Phiz," are now very +scarce. + +_David Copperfield_ (1850), with forty illustrations, was the next +venture, but was not so much an artistic as a literary success. A +favourite character in it of course, is Micawber, a kindly caricature of +the Author's father, the realization of whom, by Browne, obtained the +hearty approval of Dickens. + +The most characteristic and, perhaps, most successful work of "Phiz" is +to be seen in the illustrations to _Bleak House_. A view of the "House" +itself forms the subject of the frontispiece. "The Ghost's Walk," the +"Drawing-room at Chesney Wold," "Tom All-alone's," and the gateway +leading to the burial ground where Lady Dedlock has fallen lifeless, are +instances where the artist has obtained some fine effects by the +"ruled-plate" process. A writer in _The Daily Telegraph_, of July 11th, +1882, speaks somewhat disparagingly of these illustrations, but _The +Academy_ of a few days later, in the following remarks, thus demurs to +his criticism:-- + +"In the _Bleak House_ illustrations hardly anything is wrong; there is +no shortcoming. Not only is the comic side, the even fussily comic, such +as 'the young man of the name of Guppy,' understood and rendered well, +but the dignified beauty of old country-house architecture, or the +architecture of the chambers of our inns-of-court is conveyed in brief +touches; and there is apparent everywhere that element of terrible +suggestiveness which made not only the art of Hablot Browne, but the art +of Charles Dickens himself, in this story of _Bleak House_, recall the +imaginative purpose of the art of Meryon. What can be more impressive in +connection with the story--nay, even independently of the story--than +the illustration of Mr. Tulkinghorn's chambers in gloom; than the +illustration of the staircase at Dedlock's own house, with the placard +of the reward for the discovery of the murderer; than that of Tom All +Alone's; the dark, foul darkness of the burial ground shown under scanty +lamplight, and the special spot where lay the man who 'wos very good to +me--he wos!'? And then again, 'the Ghost's Walk,' and once more the +burial ground, with the woman's body--Lady Dedlock's--now close against +its gate. Of course it would be possible to find fault with these +things, but they have nothing of the vice of tameness--they deliver +their message effectually. It is not their business to be faultless; it +is their business to impress." + +[Illustration] + +A very successful rendering of character in _Bleak House_ is that of +Harold Skimpole, whose prototype was Leigh Hunt, an intimate friend of +the Novelist, who, by his unintentional disregard for the feelings of +Hunt in caricaturing his peculiarities, nearly severed that friendship. +Again, there is intense humour in the illustration facetiously styled, +"In re Guppy, extraordinary proceeding." The love-sick Guppy is seen in +a kneeling posture, while declaring to Miss Summerson the burning +passion that consumes him. The expression on the face of the young lady +shows that she is more amused than flattered by his preference. + +In _Little Dorrit_ (1855-7) the experience gained by both Author and +Artist during their tour of the London prisons, stood them in good +stead, for here the Marshalsea is fully described, the type of a +debtor's jail. The first illustration represents the interior of a +French prison, in which are incarcerated Monsieur Rigaud and Signor John +Baptist. The effect of deep gloom in the cell is produced by the +"ruled-plate" method, and is quite Rembrandt-like. In contrast with +this, the illustration of "The Ferry," is a delightful country aspect, +with trees and winding river; and another plate entitled "Floating +away," an evening scene, the moon rising behind the trees, is quite +romantic. The old house in the last picture but one--"Damocles,"--again +shows Browne's appreciation of the picturesque architecture of bygone +times, in the effect of light from the setting sun as it falls upon the +house front, throwing into relief the quaint old carvings of door and +window. + +The last work illustrated by "Phiz" for Dickens was _The Tale of Two +Cities_ (1859), containing sixteen etchings full of vigour, as the +character of the story justifies. + +For some reason, at this time, a rupture was caused between author and +artist,[O] which resulted in the engagement of Mr. Marcus Stone and Mr. +Luke Fildes as illustrators of _Our Mutual Friend_ and _Edwin Drood_. +These accomplished painters avoided the old system of caricature, the +old, forced humour; but it is certain that their designs are less +intimately associated with the persons in the stories they illustrated +than those of "Phiz" with the earlier and more popular works of Dickens. + +Having devoted the larger portion of the space at our disposal to a +description of the most famous productions of Browne's pencil, which are +prominent in the original editions of the Novels of Charles Dickens, we +can but briefly enumerate the plates he etched for Lever, Ainsworth, and +others. + +[Illustration] + +In Charles Lever's _Harry Lorrequer_ (1839) and _Charles O'Malley_ +(1841), the uproarious mirth and jollity of Irish military life is well +portrayed by the needle of the artist. "The last night in Trinity" in +the latter work, is an example of this, wherein is seen the worthy +Doctor perched on a table, surrounded by a batch of Irish dragoons, and +being elevated by an explosion of combustibles. The horses in the +illustrations are admirably drawn. + +In _Jack Hinton_ (1842) the artist shows remarkable force in depicting +the death of Shaun, and has well realized the humour of "Corney's Combat +with the Cossack." + +_Tom Burke of Ours_ (1844) contains forty-four illustrations by "Phiz," +many of which represent the scenes connected with the battles of +Austerlitz, &c., during the reign of the great Napoleon. Most especially +noticeable is the scene in a court of justice, with "Darby in the +Chair;" the face of that hero with an expression apparently abashed, but +really full of roguishness, as he gazes at the counsel, is one of the +most successful of Browne's efforts. + +_The O'Donoghue_ (1845), has twenty-six illustrations, most of which are +well conceived. The falling body of a man in the frontispiece is a +remarkable drawing. The girlish figure of Kate O'Donoghue, as she bends +over the form of her heart-broken brother Herbert, is well depicted. + +_St. Patrick's Eve_ (1845), with four etchings and several woodcuts. The +most remarkable of the former is "The Cholera Hut." + +_The Knight of Gwynne_ (1847), with forty illustrations. + +_Roland Cashel_ (1850), with forty illustrations. + +_The Daltons_ (1852), with forty-eight illustrations. + +_The Dodd Family Abroad_ (1854), with forty illustrations. The shrewd +simplicity of Kenny Dodd is well delineated. + +_The Martins of Cro' Martin_ (1856), with forty illustrations. + +_Davenport Dunn_ (1859), with forty-four illustrations. + +_One of Them_ (1861), with thirty illustrations. + +_Barrington_ (1863), with twenty-six illustrations. + +_Luttrell of Arran_ (1865), with thirty-two illustrations. + +The following works of W. Harrison Ainsworth contain etchings and +woodcuts by "Phiz:"-- + +_Revelations of London_, published about 1845, but never completed, has +an illustration which represents a tumble-down house in Vauxhall Road, +which is almost Rembrandt-like in its power. The artist was about thirty +years of age when he executed this. + +_Old St. Paul's_ (1847), contains only two plates by "Phiz," but _The +Spendthrift_ (1857), _Mervyn Clitheroe_, and _Crichton_ were wholly +illustrated by him. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[L] The _Pickwick Papers_ were issued in one volume, and with _one_ +frontispiece. + +[M] _The Daily Telegraph_, July 11th, 1882. + +[N] See illustration facing page 11. + +[O] If the following statement, made in the _Frankfurt Zeitung_, can be +credited, any feeling of enmity that existed between them had long since +died out:--"Just after the death of Charles Dickens, 'Phiz' was +considerably affected by the mere mention of the name of that +illustrious novelist, which seemed to stir up in his breast feelings of +regret at losing such a friend." + + +SOME MISCELLANEOUS WORKS ILLUSTRATED BY "PHIZ." + +_A Paper: of Tobacco, &c., by Joseph Fume_ (1839). With six plates by +"Phiz." _Fiddle Faddle's Sentimental Tour, in search of the Amusing, +Picturesque, and Agreeable_ (1845). _The Union Magazine._ Vol. I (1846). +Containing three plates by "Phiz." _The Illuminated Magazine._ Conducted +by Douglas Jerrold (1843-5), with woodcut illustrations by Leech, "Phiz" +(H. K. Browne), and others. _Fanny, the little Milliner, or the Rich and +the Poor_ (1846), illustrated by "Phiz" and Onwhyn. _Wits and Beaux of +Society. Sketches of Cantabs, by John Smith (of Smith Hall), Gent._ +(1850). _The Cambridge Freshman._ With woodcut illustrations. _Paved +with Gold, or Romance and Reality of the London Streets_, by Augustus +Mayhew (1858). _A Medical, Moral, and Christian Dissection of +Teetotalism by Democritus_ (1846). _New Sporting Magazine_ (1839). _The +Pottleton Legacy_, by Albert Smith. _Christmas Day, and how it was spent +by four persons in the house of Fograss, Fograss, Mowton, and Snorton, +bankers_, by C. Le Ros (1854). _Home Pictures_ (Durtin & Co., 1856). A +series of seven charming and characteristic plates. _Dame Perkins and +her Grey Mare, or the Mount for Market_, by L. Meadows (1866). With +coloured illustrations. _H. B.'s Schoolboy Days._ _Illustrations of the +Five Senses._ _Adventures of Sir Guy de Guy_, by George Halse. _The +Baddington Peerage_, by G. A. Sala (published in _The Illustrated +Times_). In addition to these may be added an illustrated edition of +Byron's works, the "Abbotsford" edition of Sir Walter Scott's Novels, +besides numerous cuts in _The Sporting Gazette_, _The Illustrated +Times_, the early volumes of _Once a Week_, and the Comic Papers. + +[Illustration: (SOME SIGNATURES ADOPTED BY H. K. BROWNE.)] + + +BELCARO: being Essays on Sundry AEsthetical Questions. + +By VERNON LEE, author of the "Studies of the Eighteenth Century in +Italy." 8vo. price 8_s._ + +"There is much in this thoroughly original and delightful book which +reminds us of the essays of the eighteenth century.... It is rare indeed +to find so much thought conveyed in so easy a style--to find a writer +who not only has so much that is fresh to say, but has so fresh a way of +saying it.... This way of conveying ideas is very fascinating.... From +first to last there is a continuous and delightful stimulation of +thought. The book will lead to conversation, dreaming, speculation, and +all kinds of pleasant and healthy mental exercise; and it is +interspersed with such perfect little sketches of scenery, and passages +of so much eloquence, that it is a literary treat to read +it."--_Academy._ + +"Clever and expressive, subtle and brilliant.... We could say a good +deal more about this book as the product of a remarkably acute critical +mind; it would bear to be read a second time, and would be found to +repay the trouble."--_Athenaeum._ + +"Splendid essays on art.... We do not know why the writing reminds us of +George Sand, but it does.... Vernon Lee writes prose harmonies which are +finely composed."--_Vanity Fair._ + + +THE SEALS AND ARMORIAL INSIGNIA OF THE UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGES OF +CAMBRIDGE. + +Part I. Post 4to., 3_s._ Relating to the University. Contains +Chromo-lithograph and _eight engravings_ of Seals. + +_Imp. 16mo., elegant cover, gilt. Price 3s (Postage 4d)._ + + +TUSCAN FAIRY TALES. Taken down from the Mouths of the People. With +sixteen illustrations, engraved by EDMUND EVANS. + +CONTENTS:--The Little Convent of Cats; The Fairies' Sieve; The Three +Golden Apples; The Woman of Paste; The Beautiful Glutton; The King of +Portugal's Cowherd; The Three Cauliflowers; The Siren; The Glass Coffin; +Leonbruno. + +"Sumptuously printed and prettily bound."--_Athenaeum._ + +"A thoroughly delightful book. The comparative mythologist and the child +will alike find something to gratify their very different +tastes."--_Westminster Review._ + +"The work will delight the little ones as well as interest the student. +The book is charmingly got up and illustrated."--_London Review._ + +_New Poems. Crown 8vo. Ten fine Plates, cloth, price 6s._ + + +GODS, SAINTS, AND MEN. By EUGENE LEE-HAMILTON. + +"Readers will find him, as before, a Browning without his +obscurity."--_Graphic._ + +"Quaint, mediaeval legends and traditions, most of which have a strong +savour of the supernatural, in strong, tuneful and artistic +verse."--_Scotsman._ + +_Crown 8vo., price 1s, cloth 2s._ + + +ON THE ART OF GARDENING: A plea for English Gardens of the future, with +practical hints for planting them By MRS. J. FRANCIS FOSTER. + +"In this pleasant and original little book the authoress not only enters +a vigorous protest against the bedding-out system and the so-called +'natural' style of gardening, but gives very good practical advice for +gardens of a different sort."--_Gardener's Chronicle._ + +"This little book proceeds from a true lover of flowers and +will be welcome to all who take an interest in their care and +culture."--_Civilian._ + +"A pleasant and unpretending little volume."--_Saturday Review._ + + +LONDON: W. SATCHELL & Co., 19, TAVISTOCK ST., COVENT GARDEN + + +_Price 2s. 6d._, + +THE BOOK OF ODDITIES, AND PUNISHMENTS IN THE OLDEN TIME. + +BY WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S. + +With numerous Illustrations BY GEORGE CRUIKSHANK, CROWQUILL, CUTHBERT +BEDE, AND OTHERS. + + CONTENTS:--Revivals after Execution--A Human + Pincushion--Female Jockeys--A Blind Road-maker--Odd + Showers--Singular Funerals--Whimsical Wills--Curious + Epitaphs--People and Steeple + Rhymes--Dog-Whippers--Sluggard-Wakers--Playing at Cards for + a Town, &c. &c. + +"A capitally-written book, containing a vast amount of curious and +out-of-the-way information. Mr. Andrews is never for a moment dull, but +gives forth his antiquarian gossip with all the enthusiasm and point of +a practised _raconteur_. _He tells us all about the ducking-stool, the +brank, the pillory, the stocks, the drunkard's cloak, the whipping-post, +riding the stang, and other forms of punishment._ The book is copiously +illustrated and well indexed, and cannot fail to be popular."--_Sunday +Times._ + +LONDON: W. SATCHELL AND CO., 19, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of 'Phiz' (Hablot Knight Browne), a +Memoir., by Fred. G. Kitton + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 'PHIZ' (HABLOT KNIGHT BROWNE) *** + +***** This file should be named 33723.txt or 33723.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/7/2/33723/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Josephine Paolucci and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |