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diff --git a/33551.txt b/33551.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69eb6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/33551.txt @@ -0,0 +1,977 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Memorandum to the Government of the United +States on the Recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic, by Julian Batchinsky + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Memorandum to the Government of the United States on the Recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic + +Author: Julian Batchinsky + +Release Date: August 27, 2010 [EBook #33551] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RECOGNITION OF UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REP. *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + + + + + +Memorandum to the Government of the +United States on the Recognition of +the Ukrainian People's Republic. + + +1920 +PUBLISHED BY +FRIENDS OF UKRAINE +345 MUNSEY BUILDING +WASHINGTON, D.C. + + +[Illustration: Map of Ukraine] + + + + +UKRAINIAN MISSION + +WASHINGTON, D.C. + +May 12, 1920. + +The Honorable, The Secretary of State, +Department of State, Washington. + +Sir: + +In view of the present status in eastern Europe, and in deference +to the unsettled affairs of the territory of the former Russian +empire, which are now pressing for a definite solution, I, as the +representative of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic, +conceive it to be my duty to submit for your consideration this +memorandum setting forth the just claims of the Ukrainian people to +political and economic independence. As a consequence of the facts +herein explained, I respectfully ask the Government of the United +States of America to extend recognition to the Ukrainian People's +Republic as a free state. + +The national aspirations of Ukraine embrace political liberation for +all Ukrainians, consolidation of all free Ukrainians into one state, +the erection of a constitutional democratic republic, and economic +co-operation with neighboring and other states. + +Ukraine's claim to independence is based upon the following principal +grounds: + +(1) The existence of the Ukrainians as a well-defined, separate, +group-conscious race, with a continuous historic and cultural +tradition; + +(2) Their occupation, over a period of centuries, of the lands where +they now dwell; + +(3) Their age-long efforts, increasingly of popular origin, to achieve +and maintain political independence; + +(4) The obvious interest and desire of the entire Ukrainian population +to organize and sustain its economic life free of exploitation by +neighbors and foreign powers; and + +(5) The crying need for a new order in eastern Europe, and the +permanent elimination of the historic struggle between Poland and +Russia to control the natural resources of Ukraine. + +By all the canons of ethnology and history, the Ukrainians form a +distinct racial unit. In America there has been a popular impression +that Ukraine is merely a province of Russia, identified with it +linguistically and racially. This is a misapprehension. The leading +anthropologists, even among the Russians, agree that the Ukrainians +constitute a physical type clearly different from the Great Russians, +the White Ruthenians or the Poles. In culture and temperament they +display peculiarities which permeate their whole social and moral +nature. Their language is a separate Slavic tongue, and not merely a +dialect of the Great Russian. + +"Between Ukrainians and Russians," says Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, a +learned student of Russia, "there are profound differences of language, +customs, traditions, domestic arrangements, mode of life and communal +organizations. Indeed, if I did not fear to ruffle unnecessarily the +patriotic susceptibilities of my Great Russian friends who have a pet +theory, I should say that we have here two distinct nationalities...." + +"The historic development," says the official statement of the Russian +Imperial Academy of Sciences, "contributed toward the creation of two +nationalities: the Great Russian and the Ukrainian. The historic life +of the two peoples failed to develop a common language for them. On the +contrary, it really strengthened those dialectic variances with which +the ancestors of the Ukrainians, on the one hand, and those of the +Great Russians, on the other, made their appearance in history. And, of +course, the living Great Russian idiom, as it is spoken by the people +of Moscow, Riazan, Archangel, Yaroslavl or Novgorod cannot be called a +'Pan-Russian' language as opposed to the Ukrainian of Poltava, Kiev or +Lviv (Lemberg)." + +The Ukrainian race is as nearly autochthonous as any in central or +eastern Europe. A brief survey of history shows that, for more than one +thousand years, the Ukrainians and their forbears have continued to +occupy approximately the same lands which they now inhabit, except for +temporary recessions and re-colonizations caused by Mongol invasions. +In the ninth century they were already settled in the vast and fertile +plains and woodlands lying between the Carpathian Mountains and the Sea +of Azov, and embracing the valleys of the Dniester, Pruth, Boh, Dnieper +and Donetz. + +Organized government in Ukraine began with the ancient state of Kiev. +The ascendancy of Kiev also marks the period of Ukraine's greatest +political expansion. From the ninth to the thirteenth century, Kiev was +the center of the economic, intellectual and political life of eastern +Europe, uniting the entire ethnographic Ukrainian territories. The name +by which this state was known was "Russ," taken from the name of the +reigning dynasty. This term was later appropriated by the Great +Russians. "Because of the Byzantine commerce, learning and craft," +observes the Polish historian Zakrzewski, "Kiev, the 'mother of Russ +cities,' was for the Poland of the eleventh and twelfth centuries what +Rome had been for earlier Germans." The French geographer Reclus +notices that academies flourished at Kiev and Ostrog before the Great +Russians owned a single high school, and draws attention to the fact +that Russia, during the regenerative period of Peter the Great, +received her teachers from Ukraine. + +The fall of Kiev and Ukraine's subsequent loss of autonomous statehood +in the fourteenth century can only be ascribed to the old system of +military conquest. The affairs of eastern Ukraine became confused and +decadent through the constant Mongol pressure which began in the +thirteenth century. One hundred years later, part of western Ukraine +also, weakened by frequent Tatar invasions, fell a prey to Poland, to +whom she was a tempting prize because of her rich soil. + +The Polish conquest of Ukraine started in 1340 and, after thirty-five +years of the bitterest warfare, the Poles succeeded in annexing an area +of land approximately coextensive with the present provinces of Kholm +and Eastern Galicia. This they never succeeded in assimilating, in +spite of the most tremendous efforts. Simultaneously Volhynia and other +northern Ukrainian territories became confederated with Lithuania in +order to gain protection against the Tatars. The marriage of the +Lithuanian king to the Queen of Poland and the union of the two realms +drew these Ukrainian lands also in 1386 into an informal union with the +Polish empire which, in 1569, in spite of Ukrainian protests, was made +definite, and lasted until 1648. + +In that year the whole Ukrainian people rose, under the leadership of +Bohdan Khmelnitsky, and put an end to this union, which was +incompatible with their interests and with their type of civilization. +Then, anticipating further Polish efforts to destroy the newly won +independence of Ukraine, and menaced by other foes, particularly the +Turks, then the strongest military power in eastern Europe, the +Ukrainians concluded an agreement of confederation with the Czar of +Muscovy in 1654. It is interesting to recall that Khmelnitsky was +expressly advised against this step by Oliver Cromwell, who declared +that the Czar would never permanently recognize a free people. + +The most important clauses in the treaty of 1654 guaranteed a freely +chosen supreme head for the Ukrainian state, called a "hetman"; the +right to engage in diplomatic relations with other states, except +Poland and Turkey, when the cognizance of the Czar was necessary; free +trade with all foreign nations; the complete independence of the +judicial system; the right to choose a leader for the army, over whom +the "hetman" had supreme control; and, lastly, the independence of the +Ukrainian Church. + +Muscovy did not live up to these terms, and the result was a succession +of Ukrainian uprisings, directed now against Russia just as they had +formerly been aimed at Poland. In the last quarter of the seventeenth +century, Russia and Poland made common cause and partitioned Ukraine, +making the Dnieper the frontier between their two empires. The most +important rebellion against this last measure was that led by Mazeppa +in 1709, which was quelled by Peter the Great. After the time of +Mazeppa, Russia's policy of repression was pursued openly and +ruthlessly. Peter instituted a supervision over the autonomous +Ukrainian administration, vesting authority in Muscovite officers, +through whose hands passed everything pertaining to the hetman's +chancellery. In 1722 the power of the hetmans was cut down to nothing. +In 1764 Catherine II. abolished the office altogether. + +Meanwhile, in order to assure possession of Ukraine, the Russian +government was making every effort to assimilate the Ukrainian people. +One step toward accomplishing this was the suppression of Ukrainian +literature. In 1720 a special censorship over the publication of +Ukrainian books was established in Kiev. In 1769 even the printing of +Ukrainian primers was forbidden, and Russian text-books were introduced +in spite of the protests of Ukrainian educators. + +Step by step, national feeling was stifled in Ukraine. In 1775, the +"Zaporogian Sitch," the last bulwark of Ukraine's autonomy, and the +basis of the Ukrainian Army, was destroyed. In 1783 the peasants of +Ukraine, free since 1648, when they had thrown off Polish domination, +were again subjected by the Russian government to serfdom in its most +cruel form. Hundreds of thousands of free peasants and Cossacks, +together with millions of acres of Ukrainian land, were distributed +among the favorites of Catherine II. + +This measure had the effect of crushing the resistance to Russification +among the Ukrainian nobility, and estranged them from the common +people. The serfdom of the small farmer was so profitable for the +gentry that the preponderance of the aristocracy became superficially +Russian. Under pressure of Russian schooling, administration and +military service, they adopted the Russian language and political +ideas. To achieve this desirable result, the Muscovite government did +not hesitate to persecute ruthlessly anything that could be held as a +reminder of the republican regime in Ukraine. At the same time, an +analogous Polonization of the upper classes was being carried out in +western Ukraine. The last quarter of the century witnessed a temporary +eclipse of the Ukrainian spirit of nationalism. + +The French Revolution released forces that had been imprisoned in the +hearts and minds of the people. A wave of nationalistic feeling swept +through Europe, bringing inspiration to the Slavs as well as to their +western brothers. Every branch of the Slavic race awoke to a +realization of its history, its traditions and its great men. The +Ukrainians shared in this renaissance. Between the revived nationalism +and the spirit of democracy a natural alliance presently sprang up. +Especially in the Dnieper district, there began an enthusiastic study +of the country's history, and a perusal of old documents and popular +traditions. The keenest interest was manifested in everything +pertaining to ethnography, philology and popular culture. It was the +tardy recognition of the people as guardians of national culture which +did much to break down the lack of sympathy which had so long prevailed +between the nobles and the lower classes. + +But the Ukrainian movement was confronted by a bitterly hostile +Russophile bureaucracy. It is remarkable that Russo-Ukrainian policies +should have remained so static from the time of Peter the Great onward, +while a number of changes were taking place in Russo-Polish relations. +Yet such was the case. The Ukrainian language was restricted time and +again. Ukrainian economic life was hampered in several ways. The +Ukrainian serfs, upon their liberation in 1861, had been granted +smaller allotments than the Russian serfs. This resulted in +overpopulation of the agricultural districts, emigration and a high +death rate. The lack of schools made remote the possibility of +improving farming methods. Ukrainian industry suffered a set-back +through the unfavorable tariff policies adhered to by the Russian +government and by the fact that no banks, except those with central +offices in Moscow or Petrograd, were allowed to establish branches in +Ukraine. + +Nevertheless, the nineteenth century witnessed a notable growth of +Ukrainian national feeling. The early years of the century constitute +the period of literary rebirth. Then followed the educational work +among the common people. Private schools were organized, and pamphlets +and books were distributed. Cultural organizations were formed, and a +pronounced interest in science was displayed. This entire revival so +alarmed the Russian government that, in 1878, the Czar prohibited by +ukase almost all publications in the Ukrainian language. Still, the +literary impulse was not suppressed. It transferred itself to Eastern +Galicia and Switzerland and, in spite of grave obstacles, succeeded in +winning for the Ukrainian a worthy place among Slavonic literatures. + +Side by side with the cultural advance, a political reawakening of the +Ukrainian people was taking place. It was appreciated by the Ukrainians +that political liberty for their land and race was expressly +conditioned upon the overthrow of the Czarist government. Accordingly +they bent their efforts in that direction. Ukrainians organized and +took a leading part in the Decembrist uprising of 1825. In the +subsequent revolutionary movement they were again prominent, and +two-thirds of the leaders were natives of Ukraine. The events of March, +1917, were largely made possible by the Ukrainian regiments stationed +in Petrograd, who refused any further allegiance to the Romanovs and +became supporters of the newly created authorities. Later on, the +Ukrainians were the first of the subject nations of the Russian empire +to organize their own government. On November 20, 1917, Ukraine was +proclaimed an independent nation by the Central Rada, the provisional +Ukrainian parliament. The struggle to win recognition for this +independence is still in progress. + +The expediency of Ukraine's claim to exist as a self-governing nation +does not, however, rest merely upon racial, ethnological and historical +bases. There are primary economic considerations which press for its +admittance to the circle of free nations. + +The Ukrainian people inhabit a land 330,000 square miles in extent, +with a population of 45,000,000. This territory is not merely +abundantly self-supporting, but is, in fact, one of the richest areas +on the earth's surface. Four-fifths of the entire extent lie within a +belt of deep, black earth, which produces bounteous crops of wheat, +barley, rye, oats, sugar-beets, fruit, tobacco and vegetables. Under the +Ukrainian ethnographic territory lie mineral riches: coal, petroleum, +iron, manganese, salt, phosphate, kaolin, graphite and many other +substances of commercial value. + +In the normal pre-war period, Ukraine used to supply about 5,000,000 +tons of grain for export annually. Most of this was wheat. The last +three years, particularly 1919, have seen good harvests in Ukraine. At +the present moment, when western Europe is unable to feed herself, +Ukraine has an excess remaining from the crops of 1917, 1918 and 1919, +to an amount of not less than 10,000,000 tons of different kinds of +grain. Besides this, the country can guarantee a minimum yearly export +of 300,000 to 600,000 tons of sugar; 9,000 tons of tobacco; 17,000 tons +of sugar-beet seeds; and 10,000 tons of flax and hemp yarn. Besides +these products, Ukraine used to export annually before the war: 65,000 +tons of eggs; 6,500 tons of raw hides; 12,000 tons of pork and dressed +poultry; 9,000 tons of beef; 240,000 head of beef cattle; 15,000 head +of horses; 130,000 hogs; and large quantities of wool, feathers and +hops. + +In minerals, Ukraine may export in a short time as much as 100,000 tons +of manganese ore annually; 500,000 tons of iron ore; and considerable +amounts of phosphates, salt and soda. With reorganization of +transportational facilities, she can furnish from 6,000,000 to +10,000,000 tons of coal and coke, as well as benzol toluol, anthracen +phenol, naphthalin and other valuable coal tar derivatives; about +90,000 tons of coal tar; sulphuric acid, ammonium salts and many other +raw and semi-manufactured products. + +The preceding enumeration of the physical resources of Ukraine shows +how mistaken is the conception that Ukraine could not maintain an +economic existence independent of Russia. If a country possessing such +extraordinary natural advantages and wealth as Ukraine cannot stand +alone, how can one justify the independence of Italy, Greece, Poland, +Jugoslavia, Finland and other European nations whose right to autonomy +is not questioned, but whose natural endowments are far less favorable +to economic freedom. + +The converse of the same proposition; viz., that Russia cannot live +without Ukraine, will not survive impartial criticism. Although it is +quite clear that, in reasoning to this end, other interests than those +of Ukraine supervene, it is nevertheless worth while to examine this +point of view in order to expose its falsity. + +The three fundamental bases of opposition usually advanced are: (1) +Ukraine is the granary of Russia and is necessary to Russia for a large +part of her food supply; (2) Ukraine separates Russia from the Black +Sea and Sea of Azov, thereby closing the outlet to the Mediterranean; +(3) Ukraine possesses a supply of coal and iron which is necessary to +Russia. + +The first objection is refuted by an examination of statistics. Figures +for the years previous to the war show consistently that Ukraine's +exportations of cereals to other parts of the Russian empire did not +reach more than 10 to 15% of her total export; i.e., about 36,000,000 +bushels annually. Nearly all of this was destined for Poland, Lithuania +and White Ruthenia. Russia proper never consumed more than a very small +fraction of Ukraine's grain. She did not need it then and will not need +it in the future. She is virtually self-sustaining in cereals, and the +small surplus needed can readily be obtained from the fields of Siberia +and the region of the Volga. + +The second allegation, that Russia needs the Ukrainian ports on the +Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, is readily disposed of by a reference to +Russian maritime experience. The official Russian statistics of the +traffic of merchandise by rail show no southern port which served as an +outlet for the products of the territories situated north of the ethnic +frontier of Ukraine, with the single exception of Rostov-on-the-Don. +Novorosseysk was the port used by the Ukrainian Cossacks of Kuban and +the northern Caucasus. Up to the present time, Russia proper has +depended almost exclusively upon the Baltic ports. By special treaties +with the new Baltic states, Russia is assuring herself a continued use +of their ports. There is no reason why, if it should appear necessary +and advisable, a similar conciliatory agreement with Ukraine could not +arrange for a common use of the Black Sea ports. + +With regard to Ukraine's coal resources, it is true that the Donetz +basin furnished 70% of the total coal output of the former Russian +empire, and the Donetz basin is mostly within the ethnographic limits +of Ukraine. But it is also a fact that four-fifths of this coal was +consumed in Ukraine itself, and that northwestern Russia and the Baltic +provinces never used the coal from the Donetz basin, because it could +not compete in price with English or German coal. Furthermore, northern +and central Russia are well supplied with wood and peat, and with coal +from the vicinity of Moscow. Ukraine has very little wood or peat, and +the exhaustion of the Donetz basin for the sake of Russian industries +would leave her without fuel resources. The Urals and Siberia, too, are +supplied with local coal, while in the Kuznetsky district in west +Siberia are vast deposits, scarcely worked as yet because of the lack +of railway lines into Siberia. + +The iron fields of the Urals and of other provinces of Russia proper +have not been extensively exploited, and before the war Ukraine did +indeed furnish three-fourths of all the iron supply of the former +Russian empire. But the beds of iron ore in Ukraine are not very large, +and it would be erroneous to assume that they could adequately supply +the needs of all Russia for any long period of time. In any case, it is +safe to conclude that, if the metallurgical development of Russia is +continued and her mines consistently worked, she will be entirely able +to get along without iron imports from Ukraine. + +Finally, there is no obstacle to permanent economic co-operation of +Ukraine and Russia, and brisk commercial dealings between the two +independent states. But political disentanglement is a first requisite. +The richness of Ukraine has always made it a tempting region for +exploitation by neighboring states. This is more than ever true today. +If such exploitation is not to be carried on at the expense of and to +the detriment of the Ukrainian people, a separate state organization is +necessary to assume protection over their economic interests. + +It cannot be too strongly emphasized that a free Ukraine does not imply +an economically isolated Ukraine. Constant traffic with friendly +foreign powers is desired by all the Ukrainian political parties. +Ukraine lacks machinery, capital and trained experts. The railroad +question is of enormous importance. Before the Revolution, all of the +rail lines of Ukraine yielded considerable profits, especially those +known as the Southwestern Railroads. But Russia did not see fit to use +this income in the construction of further roads and, as a result, +Ukraine possesses a very inconsiderable network of railroads: only +about 11,115 miles. This is much less than the country needs. The war +almost completely wrecked and demoralized even this inadequate +transportational system. The railroads must be rebuilt, and the +insufficiently developed public highways must be improved and extended. +The regulation of navigable rivers is another matter of great +importance, and the vast available power possibilities of the rapids of +the Dnieper and other streams must be exploited. Central power stations +must be erected, new methods introduced in mining, grain elevators +built and agriculture, milling, sugar refining and other industries +given an upward impetus by the application of scientific management and +fresh capital. + +Inability to contest the force of the foregoing historic and economic +considerations has led certain foes of Ukrainian independence to make +the assertion that the Ukrainian national movement is artificially +stimulated and does not receive support from the masses of the +population. This contention is controverted by the most obvious facts. +For more than two years the Ukrainians have been actively fighting for +their liberty, in spite of almost incredible obstacles. They have had +no support from any foreign source in this struggle; they were attacked +at one and the same time by the Bolsheviki and anti-Bolsheviki: they +were blockaded; they were unable to secure ammunition or sanitary +supplies. They did not give up, because they realized that the question +was one of life or death. No other nation in modern times has fought +for its independence under such difficult circumstances, and none has +expressed its desire for freedom more strongly. The plebiscite of blood +is the most sincere evidence of the will to self-determination. + +However, prolonged and stubborn fighting has not been the only way in +which the Ukrainian people have shown their desire to be free. They +have had several opportunities to manifest their wish in a more +peaceful and regular manner. Thus, the Central Rada, which represented +all classes of Ukrainians, and included in addition representatives of +the various non-Ukrainian nationalities in the land, proclaimed +Ukraine's independence in 1917. When, in December of the same year, the +Bolshevik propagandists questioned the representative character of the +Central Rada, a general congress of the workers and peasants of Ukraine +was called, and this congress, chosen after the Bolshevik method, made +haste to affirm its support of the Central Rada by a vote of 2,000 to +70. There was also in 1917 a formal election of deputies to the +All-Russian Constituent Assembly. Ukraine elected 230 deputies in all. +Of those, 75% or 175 members, were Ukrainian nationalists. + +After the overthrow of the pro-German Hetman Skoropadsky in 1918, and +assumption of authority by the Directorate, even the Ukrainian +communists declared themselves in favor of a free Ukraine and protested +to the Russian Soviet Government against its proposed invasion. Their +protest went unheeded, and when the Russian Bolsheviki occupied Kiev +and endeavored to impose their system upon Ukraine, they found no +Ukrainians who were willing to co-operate with them. The result was a +so-called "Ukrainian Soviet Government," which is in reality anything +but Ukrainian. The head is a Roumanian, Rakovsky, and the regime is +nothing but a local agency of the Moscow government. + +It is noteworthy that the Government of the Ukrainian People's +Republic, headed by General Petlura, which I have the honor to +represent, is the only government which the Ukrainian people have been +willing to support. On the other hand, they have revolted against all +foreign invaders who have attempted to impose their own rule upon the +Ukrainians. The Germans, the Bolsheviki and the forces of General +Denikin all met with vigorous resistance. If now the Polish forces are +in Ukraine and the population does not oppose them, it is because the +Poles are acting in conjunction with the Ukrainian forces under +Petlura, as their allies. + +It is also necessary to consider the opinion entertained in some +circles that an independent Ukraine must inevitably fall under the +influence of Germany and become a German outpost in eastern Europe. The +reason generally advanced as a basis for this suspicion is that Ukraine +concluded a separate peace with Germany in February, 1918, at Brest +Litovsk. In this connection, it should be remembered that Roumania, +too, concluded a separate peace with Germany. Yet Roumania has +continued to be considered an ally of Germany's opponents, and it is +everywhere recognized that she only negotiated with Germany because of +the bitter fact that she was forced to do so. Ukraine was in far worse +condition than Roumania when she concluded her peace with Germany. +Roumania had at least an organized state and a loyal army. Ukraine's +government was in its infancy, its state organization was slight, and +its army consisted chiefly of the remnants of the demoralized Russian +forces. The Ukrainian leaders were faced by several wars; on the one +hand by the war with Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria; and +now on the other, by the new conflict with the Russian Soviet +Government. Under the circumstances, Ukraine had to choose between +submitting entirely to the Bolsheviki, in which case the country would +be over-run by Germans anyway, or making any kind of outright peace +with Germany and then hoping for the best. + +Subsequent events proved that Germany never had any interest in a +permanently independent Ukraine. Toward the end of the war, she was in +desperate need of foodstuffs. Today she wants, not merely foods, but +also a new and fruitful field for banking, commercial exploitation and +the sale of German goods. Germany has grown to consider eastern Europe +as a natural market for her products. What she wants is a Greater +Russia, whether it be Czarist, Bolshevist or Constitutional. Under the +circumstances, it is more plausible to suspect the Germans of plotting +to re-establish "Russia, one and indivisible," than to regard them as +friendly to a free Ukraine. + +At the present moment, the recognition of the Ukrainian People's +Republic is a matter of international expediency, because there can be +no peace in eastern Europe as long as Ukraine is subjected to any +neighboring nation. Proposals to deal with the Ukrainian people as if +they had no moral right to self-determination are an obvious +contradiction to the principles enunciated by President Wilson at the +time of America's entrance into the war against Germany and her allies. +The attempt to carry them into effect can only result in continued +unrest in eastern Europe. The relegation of all Ukraine to Russia would +mean at best the arbitrary compulsion of the Ukrainians to a federation +which, if advisable, should come at their own instance and of their own +free will; not because of outside pressure. At worst, it would renew +their servitude. The partition of the country between Poland and Russia +will not only produce continued restlessness and discontent within +Ukraine itself, but will also continuously tempt Poland and Russia to +make war on one another, in order to extend their respective spheres of +influence. An independent Ukrainian state, on the contrary, would +establish a balance of power in eastern Europe, which must be regarded +as the surest guarantee of peace in that portion of the world. + +The foregoing statement covers, in outline form, the main grounds upon +which Ukraine bases her claim to independence. This memorandum is +presented to you, Mr. Secretary, in the hope that the Ukrainian +situation will be thoroughly examined, and it is my earnest belief that +a careful study of Ukrainian affairs will sustain the request for +recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic which I have the honor +herewith to submit. + +I am, my dear Sir, + +Your very obedient servant, + +JULIAN BATCHINSKY, + +_Diplomatic Representative of the Ukrainian People's Republic_. + + + + +OTHER PAMPHLETS PUBLISHED + +BY + +THE FRIENDS OF UKRAINE + + +1. Bolshevism and Ukraine. Two cents. + +2. Ukraine, Poland and Russia and the Right of the Free Disposition of +Peoples. By S. Shelukhin. Ten cents. + +3. Protest of the Ukrainian Republic to the United States Against the +Delivery of Eastern Galicia to Polish Domination. Ten cents. + +4. The Jewish Pogroms in Ukraine. By Julian Batchinsky, Israel Zangwill +and others. Ten cents. + +5. Ukraine and Russia. By Woldemar Timoshenko, Vice Director of the +Economic Institute at the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Ten cents. + +6. What About Ukraine? Editorials of New Orleans Times-Picayune, N.Y. +Times and N.Y. Tribune. Five cents. + +7. Trade With Ukraine. Ukraine's Natural Wealth, Needs and Commercial +Opportunities: The Ukrainian Co-operative Societies and Their +Influence. By Emil Revyuk. Ten cents. + +8. Inhuman Blockade Strangling a Nation. Letters and Messages from +Stricken Ukraine. Ten cents. + +9. Ukraine and the Ukrainians. A Handbook of Concise Information +Regarding the Country, People, History and Industry of Ukraine. By Emil +Revyuk. Ten cents. + +Address all communications to + +FRIENDS OF UKRAINE + +345 Munsey Building :: :: :: Washington, D.C. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Memorandum to the Government of the +United States on the Recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic, by Julian Batchinsky + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RECOGNITION OF UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REP. *** + +***** This file should be named 33551.txt or 33551.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/5/5/33551/ + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/American +Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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