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+Project Gutenberg's Harper's Round Table, July 30, 1895, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Harper's Round Table, July 30, 1895
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 4, 2010 [EBook #33078]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S ROUND TABLE, JULY 30, 1895 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Annie McGuire
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: HARPER'S ROUND TABLE]
+
+Copyright, 1895, by HARPER & BROTHERS. All Rights Reserved.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PUBLISHED WEEKLY. NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JULY 30, 1895. FIVE CENTS A COPY.
+
+VOL. XVI.--NO. 822. TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+JOE'S SCHEME.
+
+BY J. SANFORD BARNES, JUN.
+
+
+The sharp crackling of the gravel, and the sound of a horse's hoofs
+coming up the driveway which led to the Thompsons' house, told Joe that
+Ned was going to be as prompt as he always was when the two boys had
+made any appointment, so he dropped his book, and ran to the door just
+as a neat little buckboard pulled up at the doorstep.
+
+"Hello, Ned!" said Joe; "just on time. I knew that was you the moment I
+heard the rig turn in the gate. Wait till I get my hat and I'll drive to
+the stable with you. Say, will you stay to lunch? Jerry'll take care of
+him," he nodded toward the little roan, and disappeared in the doorway.
+In a moment he was back again, and jumping in with Ned they spun off to
+the stable, where Jerry, the coachman, promised to see that Tot should
+get his full measure of feed at noon.
+
+"Now, to work," said Joe, "and after lunch we'll start off for the lake.
+Just you wait till you've heard my scheme, and you'll think it a dandy;
+see if you don't."
+
+"Well, what is it?" said Ned. "There's no use keeping it to yourself
+forever."
+
+"Come up in the workshop, for we've got to spend the rest of the morning
+there, and I'll tell you all about it."
+
+The boys on leaving the stable turned down towards the farm barns, where
+in one of the vacant rooms Mr. Thompson had fitted up a neat little
+carpenter shop for his son. In one corner was a first-class lathe for
+all kinds of wood-turning, and across the room was a long carpenter's
+bench with all the appliances complete, while over in one of the other
+corners was what remained of Joe's first scroll-saw, rather dilapidated
+and cheap-looking now, but still of some service. Joe would not have
+parted with it even if he did not use it, for with it he developed his
+first love for carpentry, which had finally led to the present shop.
+
+"Now look here," said Joe; "my scheme is the simplest in the world; it's
+a plan to catch those bass in Laurel Lake which we can't get any way
+we've tried so far. It isn't the bait. Jingo! we've tried everything,
+from grasshoppers, dobsons, and live bait down to worms; they just look
+at it, and then look up at the boat over their heads, and scoot.
+Remember that monster we saw off Sea Lion last Tuesday? What would you
+give to get him, eh?"
+
+"What would I give? Why, Joe, he's the biggest bass in that lake. I'd
+give--now, let me see," said Ned, scratching his head as he turned it
+from one side to the other; "I'd be willing to throw my new rod in the
+lake and stop fishing the rest of the summer."
+
+"So would I," said Joe. "But look here, just get that cross-cut saw and
+help me get this plank so that we can get at it, and I'll explain as we
+go along." Joe measured off on the board ten divisions of eight inches
+each, and started sawing across the first line. "Now, you see," said he,
+"what I propose is that we take each of these ten pieces, cut up that
+old line of mine into lengths of about eight or nine feet, and
+then--see? Isn't that easy? The beauty of it is that we have a chance in
+ten different places; just string them along the shore, leave them, and
+while we wait jump in and play fish ourselves off Baldwin's Cliff; we
+can easily watch the floats from there. Catch?"
+
+Ned had been listening eagerly, and approved the scheme heartily, only
+wondering why it had not occurred to them before. When Joe finished, Ned
+raised the question of bait, but was put off by Joe's saying there would
+be time enough to get all the grasshoppers and crickets they wanted, and
+maybe a few frogs, so they went to work, coats off, and sleeves rolled
+up in a businesslike manner. In the course of an hour or more they had
+that part of the work all done, and a short time afterwards they started
+up to the stable with their arms full of their invention, and deposited
+it complete in the box under the seat of Ned's buckboard.
+
+"Now for bait," said Joe; "you take this box and keep along by that old
+stone wall and look sharp for crickets. There are lots of old boards and
+stones there; turn them all over and you'll get enough. I'll stick to
+this field and get the 'hoppers."
+
+They separated, and were soon hard at work, both using their hands to
+catch the wily bait; Ned said he never had any luck with 'hoppers or
+crickets that were caught with a butterfly net. After an hour they
+decided they had enough, and turned down toward a small stream which ran
+through the meadow, and got a dozen or more frogs, and so complete in
+all the details of their plan they came into the house and sat down to
+lunch. It seemed to both the boys entirely too long, and Joe fidgeted so
+much that his father noticed it, and tried to find out what the cause
+was.
+
+"No, nothing's the matter, only we want to hurry up and get to the lake.
+We've got a scheme, and later we're going to have a swim."
+
+"What is it, Joe?" said Mr. Thompson. "What's up? You're not going to
+catch that Jonah's whale you told me about with dynamite or anything
+like that, are you? You had better try putting salt on his tail," he
+added, jokingly, and he quietly passed the salt-cellar to Joe. "Come,
+fill your pockets; you'll need it."
+
+Now it might as well be said right here that Mr. Thompson owned many a
+fine split bamboo rod, and two or three beautiful guns, and that there
+were pictures of partridges and woodcock in his den. Two fishing
+pictures in particular, which had always been Joe's delight, hung near
+the door, one of a great trout rolling up to take a fly as it skimmed
+the surface of the water, while the other, its mate, was of a fine
+small-mouthed bass clearing the water, and shaking himself in the air in
+his efforts to break away from the hook which had tempted him. In fact,
+Mr. Thompson was a sportsman of the truest kind. Little did Ned and Joe
+know how near he came to adding set lines to dynamite when talking
+seriously before he mentioned the salt. If he had been told "the scheme"
+this story would never have been written, but the boys went off unaware
+of what Mr. Thompson's views were on the method they had devised to try
+the bass in Laurel Lake. They took their rods and bait, of course, but
+kept mum about what was rattling under the seat as Jerry drove Tot up to
+the door.
+
+A mile and a half and they turned in at old Farmer Sayre's, hitched and
+blanketed the pony, and with their variety of equipment went down to the
+shore of the lake, where their boat was made last.
+
+"Go ahead, Ned, you row," said Joe; "we'll get there quicker, and I'm
+most crazy to see how she works; aren't you?"
+
+"You bet," replied Ned. "Shove off. Let fall," he added, giving himself
+part of the orders he had picked up but a week before, while on a visit
+to a friend on the Sound. "Give way; how's that for nautical, Joe?"
+
+"Never mind nautical," said Joe; "git there is what we want. _One_,
+two--now, now!" He grunted out each word to help Ned, who was pulling
+with all his might, and the light little boat jumped ahead at each
+stroke.
+
+Around the point, which formed the bay in which the boat was kept, on
+the shore, but partly hidden by the trees, was an old, rather
+dilapidated ice-house; it was called that by courtesy, for it was no
+house at all; it had no roof--it never had one--but it was used once to
+store ice in, and the fishing-ground along the shore in front of it had
+always been designated by the boys as "off the ice-house." Ned and Joe
+claimed to themselves that they alone knew of the existence of a certain
+ledge which ran for some distance parallel to the shore, but much
+farther out than the average fisherman would think of dropping anchor.
+
+As they approached the place, in order to get the right spot to leave
+the first float, which had a choice fat frog wriggling at the end of the
+line, Ned slowed down and began to row quietly. He got a certain stump
+on a point of land in line with the roof of a barn way back on the
+hill-side, and was watching for the cross-line, a clump of bright
+willows with a scraggly dead tree some distance behind them.
+
+"Whoa, slowly," said Joe, who was also watching. "There! hold her, and
+I'll let him go. There, my fine friend," he added, addressing the frog;
+"good-by to you and good luck to us. Now, a stroke or two: there, let
+her slide! And to you, Mr. Hoppergrass, good-by, and good-luck." He
+gently dropped the line over the side, and, so with the others, all had
+a farewell given them as they were dropped over at intervals. Then the
+boys rowed on towards Baldwin's Cliff, keeping their eyes on the small
+floats as they left them bobbing under and over the tiny waves.
+
+About four o'clock Ned and Joe had had enough swimming and diving, and
+fetching white stones from the bottom; they had been in, as was usually
+the case, too long, yet both wanted to stay in longer. Nothing had
+happened, as far as they could see, to their floats, and they felt
+keenly disappointed. They had hardly noticed that the clouds were
+gathering over the hills, and that the wind had risen so that little
+white caps had sprung up, and were dancing in towards shore. But a low
+mutter of thunder startled them, and they saw now no way but to adopt a
+means for shelter which they had followed before to keep dry.
+
+"Hurry up, Ned," said Joe; "make for the boat; that storm's a dandy, and
+coming like thunder, too. It's pouring at the end of the lake already."
+
+The boys put for the boat as hard as they could, and a moment later had
+her beached and rolled over, and their clothes snugly tucked away under
+perfect shelter.
+
+"Here she is!" they both cried at the same moment, as the rain started
+to come down in large noisy drops, and the wind caught the spray from
+the water and whirled it along in sudden gusts.
+
+"Let her rain," said Joe; "but doesn't that sting your back, it does
+mine; and that wind's cold, too. I'm going to swim out a way, the
+water's warmer than here."
+
+So Joe plunged in and swam out from the shore.
+
+Ned watched him as he paddled around in the deep water; he did not
+exactly like the idea. The whole scene, with the dark lowering clouds,
+broken now and then by the jagged streaks of lightning, each one
+followed by a sharp and startling smash and roar, made him shiver, and
+the large drops and an occasional hailstone made him skip around on the
+beach. The situation was exciting, though, and Joe, now quite a way out,
+felt the tingles creep through him. Finally, as Ned was still watching
+Joe, he saw him start forward with the overhand Indian stroke, making
+straight for the middle of the lake. He put his hands to his mouth and
+shouted:
+
+"Say, Joe! come back here! Don't be a fool; come back!"
+
+Joe paid no attention; he did not hear the call, which was carried back
+into the woods by the gusts of wind; he kept on straight ahead, swimming
+as though in a race.
+
+Ned turned and looked at the boat and then at Joe. "I know what's the
+matter," he said, aloud; "he's seen one of the floats way out there, and
+he's after it; but he can't stand it, I know he can't; he'll be all
+tired out when he gets there, and then when he has to tread water and
+play that fish--" Here he stopped, and gave a long low whistle. "By
+jingo! he must be a monster! why, he's towed that float nearly a hundred
+yards dead against this sea. No, sir! Joe can't do it, and here goes for
+wet clothes to get home in."
+
+Ned had hardly finished speaking, and inwardly calling Joe some hard
+names for his foolishness, when he heard a cry from the water:
+
+"Ned, oh, Ned! he's a whale! Hurry with the boat; I'm tuckered! Hurry!"
+
+The last call to hurry was rather faint, and sounded almost as bad to
+Ned as if it had been "help" that Joe had cried; it made his heart leap
+in his throat.
+
+"Let go the line," Ned cried back, "and keep your head, and I'll be
+there in a moment."
+
+Again the words were lost in the wind, and Joe continued his struggle.
+In his excitement he felt that letting go that line would be like
+cutting it, and he hung on, now thrashing and splashing as the fish
+started to twine the line around his legs, and the sharp points of his
+fins pricked him. It was a case of the fish playing Joe, a pretty even
+struggle, but Joe was game and bound to have him. He did not appreciate
+that his strokes and kicks to keep his head up over the choppy surface
+of the lake were leaving him weaker and weaker.
+
+As Joe turned his head a moment towards shore he saw Ned pulling towards
+him with all his strength; a moment later a wave struck him full in the
+face and caught him with his mouth open; he gulped and choked, and again
+started thrashing and struggling to gain his breath, but all he could do
+was to give a feeble cry of "help," then he sank out of sight, holding
+fast to the line.
+
+Ned heard the faint cry, and turned as he rowed against the storm, which
+was now luckily falling as quickly as it had come up. The only thing he
+saw was the small piece of board tip up on its side and disappear.
+"Thank goodness he had hold of that line!" murmured Ned. "Now brace
+yourself," he added, aloud, "and keep cool, keep cool, keep cool."
+
+It seemed to Ned that he said those words a thousand times; he was right
+on the spot, and was standing and waiting. The strain was something
+awful. He knew a good deal about swimming and about its dangers, and
+knew that a person had to come up twice, and that the third time down
+was down for good. He thought that Joe had not called before, yet he
+could not tell; but there was only one thing to do--wait, and, as he had
+said, "keep cool."
+
+Ages and ages seemed to pass as Ned, shivering and pale, strained his
+eyes to see the block of wood appear again. Suddenly he caught a glimpse
+of the bit of wood slowly rising close by the side of the boat, and
+below it, as it came up zigzagging to the surface, he saw the white body
+following. It was a lucky thing that a stout trolling-line had been used
+in the scheme, for Ned reached far over the gunwale and firmly seized
+the line, then gently and steadily pulled the heavy weight to the
+surface. There were no signs of life in Joe's limp body; his cramped
+hand held the line twisted about his fingers, his eyes were closed, and
+his mouth half open.
+
+Ned grasped the wrist which appeared first, and drew Joe along towards
+the bow of the boat, so that there would be no chance of capsizing. He
+lay out flat over the bow and held Joe under the arms, keeping his head
+well out of water, and waited. There was nothing to be done now but
+_wait_; no one was in sight, and shouting would have done no good, so he
+held on in his cramped position and watched the boat get a little
+headway in drifting towards shore, driven by the light wind. The sun had
+come out again, and blue patches of sky were appearing through the
+fast-flying clouds.
+
+As the boat reached the shallow water, Ned leaped out up to his waist,
+still clinging to Joe's wrist; a moment more and he had him safe on
+shore, and, strange to say, there, too, was the cause of the trouble,
+the huge bass, still fast to the hook, which was far out of sight down
+his throat. The fight had been too much for him, and as Ned half carried
+Joe up the beach to a mossy bank, he also hauled the monster bass, that
+showed not a quiver of the gills or a movement of fin or tail. Ned
+placed Joe softly down, with his feet up on the bank and his head, face
+downward, over a soft rotten log, and then began the work which meant
+life or death. He had kept cool up to this time in a wonderful way, but
+now he began to get excited. He rolled Joe over and over, and kneaded
+him with his hands. Occasionally he stopped to listen to Joe's heart and
+feel for the chance of a single breath. It was a strange sight but a
+most impressive one--a young boy working for the life of his friend with
+all the fervor and love that a close friendship could call forth.
+Finally Ned's efforts began to have effect; there was a slight movement,
+a slow turning of the limp body, and Ned felt that Joe was safe, and he
+uttered a sigh that meant everything.
+
+Gradually Joe's eyes opened, and finally, after more rubbing, he slowly
+sat up, and for the first time let go the line which he had held
+stronger than a vise up to this time.
+
+"Ned," he said, feebly, "where am I? Where have I been? I can't remember
+anything. I am awful cold," he continued, and a shiver ran over him. "I
+must have swallowed half the lake. But I'll be all right in a moment.
+There! now I'm more comfortable," he added, as Ned propped him up
+against an old stump. "Is that the fish? Oh! Now I remember it all. He
+is a whale; I told you so; and I got him too!"
+
+The excitement of seeing the fish changed his thoughts from himself, and
+the blood began to flow through his veins. The wind had died out, and
+the sun was warm and cheering. The spirits of the boys rose, and they
+began to forget a little of their narrow escape.
+
+"Joe," said Ned, "is my hair gray? It ought to be; you scared me half to
+death."
+
+"I'm sorry, Ned," replied Joe, "but I didn't do it on purpose; but I'm
+feeling rather queer. Let's get home."
+
+They put on their clothes, wet as they were, and Joe staggered to the
+boat and fell into the stern seat and lifted the bass into his lap,
+where he could look at him and feel him.
+
+As Ned, tired out and pale, took the oars and rowed slowly over the now
+glassy water towards the bay, Joe listlessly took a small pair of scales
+from his pocket and weighed the fish, and when he found that he weighed
+over six pounds, just a little, he gave a long sigh.
+
+"That's the biggest bass on record for this lake, don't you think so?"
+
+Ned did not reply; he was too tired to even speak.
+
+The other floats had been washed ashore or had disappeared somewhere;
+the boys did not look for them, or even think of them.
+
+Tot seemed to know that he was pulling two very tired boys, and went
+along gently, and turned in of his own accord at the gate of the
+Thompsons' place.
+
+Joe tottered as he got out of the buckboard, and held the bass up by the
+gills, to the astonishment of his father and mother, who were at the
+door to meet them. They had seen the storm come up, and had anxiously
+awaited the boys' return. As he stepped forward, the set line and block
+fell on the steps.
+
+The long story was being told in a slow and labored way by Joe after Ned
+had gone, when it was interrupted by Mr. Thompson, who saw that his son
+was growing pale and faint.
+
+"That'll do for the present," he said. "Now come with me, old man," and
+putting his arm around Joe's waist, he gently helped him into the house
+and up to his own room, where he was undressed and carefully tucked into
+bed.
+
+"So you caught him on a set line, did you?" said Mr. Thompson, as he sat
+by the bed-side, holding Joe's hand. "Now listen to a word of advice.
+Don't ever use set lines again. Fish with your rod and reel if you want
+to be called a true sportsman."
+
+
+
+
+BOYS AND GIRLS AS RULERS OF MEN.
+
+ALFONSO XIII., KING OF SPAIN.
+
+BY MRS. SERRANO.
+
+
+There have been a great many Kings, since Kings first began to rule; but
+perhaps the little boy who to-day wears the Spanish crown is the only
+one among them all who was born a King; his father, Alfonso XII., having
+died more than five months before his birth, the throne remaining vacant
+during that time.
+
+For the young people of America Alfonso XIII. possesses an interest
+apart from and superior to that which attaches to his exalted position
+as the ruler of a great nation, in being a descendant of the
+noble-minded and great-hearted Queen, the illustrious Isabella, who, by
+her encouragement and assistance, enabled Columbus to undertake the
+voyage across unknown seas which resulted in the discovery of a new
+world.
+
+He is descended also from Henry of Navarre--the famous Henry of Navarre
+whose white plume so often led his soldiers on to victory--through
+Philip, Duke of Anjou, Henry's great-grandson, who succeeded to the
+Spanish crown, under the title of Philip V., on the death of his uncle
+Charles II. of Spain. Philip was the first of the Bourbon family who
+reigned in Spain, as Henry of Navarre was the first of that family who
+reigned in France.
+
+[Illustration: THE KING OF SPAIN.]
+
+To the Spanish people, who sincerely mourned the death of Alfonso XII.,
+who had endeared himself to them by his frank and amiable disposition
+and by his many good qualities, the birth of the young King, which took
+place in the royal palace in Madrid on the 17th of May, 1886, was a
+joyful event. It was announced to all Spain by the firing of twenty-one
+cannon in every city throughout the kingdom. On the same day the infant
+was proclaimed King, his mother, Queen Maria Cristina, who had acted as
+Regent from the time of the late King's death, continued to fill the
+same office during the young King's minority.
+
+A few weeks afterward, Queen Maria Cristina went with the royal infant,
+in accordance with the Spanish custom, to the church of Atocha. She
+drove to the church in a magnificent state carriage drawn by six horses
+covered with plumes and glittering with gold, and followed by many other
+splendid carriages. The Queen was dressed in deep mourning, and from
+time to time she held up the little Alfonso, who wore neither cap nor
+other head-covering, to the view of the people, who cheered and crowded
+forward to obtain a sight of the infant King, while the band played the
+Royal March.
+
+The little Alfonso grew and thrived, more or less like other babies,
+until he was two years old, when he was taken in state to several of the
+provinces to show him to his people. Then he first experienced the
+uneasiness to which the head that wears a crown is said by Shakespeare
+to be subject, for the incessant cheering of the people and the
+ear-piercing strains of the martial music, wherever he was taken,
+disturbed him so greatly at last that he would cry out in his baby
+accents, "Stop, stop, no more!" Very soon, however, he began to grow
+accustomed to the honors paid him, and when he was taken out walking by
+the Queen, whose greatest pleasure it was, after he had learned to walk,
+to go out walking unattended with her children, Alfonso holding her by
+the hand while his two sisters walked in front, he would wave his hand
+to every one who passed. Sometimes he would forget to return a bow or a
+wave of a handkerchief, and then the Queen would say to him, "Bow,
+Alfonso."
+
+At this time the little King had to take care of him and to attend upon
+him a Spanish nurse and an English nurse and an Austrian and a Spanish
+lady, besides his own special cook. The Spanish nurse of the royal
+children is always brought from one particular part of Spain, the valley
+of Paz, in the province of Santander, where one of the court physicians
+goes to select the healthiest and most robust among the various
+candidates for the position. As the young King is of a delicate
+constitution, thought to have been inherited from his father, the
+greatest care has been lavished upon him ever since his birth, the Queen
+herself exercising a watchful supervision over every detail of his daily
+life.
+
+About four years ago Alfonso had a very serious illness, which everybody
+feared would terminate fatally, and which was probably due to a cause
+that has made many another little boy ill. Being in the apartments of
+his aunt, the Infanta Isabel, the elder sister of the Princess Eulalia,
+whose visit to us at the time of the opening of the exposition at
+Chicago made so pleasant an impression upon everybody, the Infanta gave
+the little boy a box of bonbons of a particularly delicious kind, which,
+seeing that he was observed by no one, he went on eating until he had
+finished the box. During his illness he would often inquire after a
+little lame girl to whom he used to give money in his drives to the
+country, wonder what she was doing, and ask that bonbons should be sent
+to her. All Spain followed the course of his illness with profound
+anxiety, and there was no one who did not sympathize with the widowed
+mother in her affliction, and rejoice with her when the dangerous
+symptoms passed away and the sick boy began to recover.
+
+In October, 1892, Alfonso had another serious illness, the result of a
+cold, contracted probably at the celebration of the fourth centenary of
+the discovery of America at Huelva, where he presided at the
+inauguration of the monument erected to Columbus on the hill of La
+Rabida. This sickness also caused for a time the greatest uneasiness.
+
+The young King begins the day by saluting the national flag from his
+windows in the palace that look out upon the Plaza de Armas, where the
+relieving of the guard takes place every morning at ten o'clock, a
+ceremony which he loves to witness. He is passionately fond of
+everything military. He takes a great interest in the soldiers, in what
+they eat, and in other details of their life, and he often expresses
+pity for the cold which the sentinels on guard at the palace must feel.
+In the park at Miramar, when the troops are returning to their barracks
+after drill, he may often be seen delightedly watching the soldiers
+forming in line, and he returns their salute with a military salute. He
+is very fond of horses, and the bigger they are the better he likes
+them, as he himself says. He delights in military music and military
+evolutions, and a review of the troops is one of his great pleasures. On
+his seventh birthday he held a grand review of the troops, riding then
+for the first time in public. On that occasion 40,000 troops were
+reviewed.
+
+Since that time his education has been directed less exclusively by
+women than before. His chief companions are his tutor, and the General
+who is the Captain of the King's guard, with whom he loves to talk about
+military matters. He still has his little playmates, however, and toys
+in abundance. He is fond of riding and driving, and he has a little
+carriage of his own, with two small Moorish donkeys to draw it, which
+looks very odd among all the large carriages in the royal stables in
+Madrid.
+
+When the weather is fine he spends almost the whole of the day at the
+royal villa, called the Quinta del Pardo, situated a little outside
+Madrid. He is driven there in a carriage generally drawn by four mules,
+and is accompanied by his royal escort wearing their splendid uniforms
+and long white plumes. He knows personally all the soldiers who form his
+escort, and the moment he sees the Captain, as soon as the carriage
+leaves the palace gate, he speaks to him, and continues chatting with
+him all the way to the villa, the Captain riding beside the carriage
+door. He is accompanied by his tutor, his governess, and generally one
+other person.
+
+In the villa he is instructed in the studies suitable to his age,
+particular attention being paid, however, to military science. The
+venerable priest, who is his religious instructor, teaches him also the
+Basque language, which is altogether different from the Spanish. In the
+afternoon his two sisters, Isabel Teresa Cristina Alfonsa Jacinta, the
+Princess of Asturias, who is now about fourteen years of age, and Maria
+Teresa Isabel Eugenia Patrocinio Diega, the Infanta of Spain, who is
+about twelve, often go out to take afternoon tea with him. In the
+gardens of the villa he runs about and plays, after lessons are over,
+just like other boys of his age, playing as familiarly with the children
+of the gardener as if they were the sons of princes. Whatever money he
+happens to have with him he gives to the children of the guard and to
+such poor people as he may chance to meet on the way, for he is
+extremely charitable and generous, both by nature and education, the
+Queen, his mother, instilling into his mind the best and noblest
+sentiments.
+
+In appearance Alfonso is interesting and attractive. His complexion is
+very fair, his hair light and curly, his expression rather serious. His
+usual dress is a sailor jacket and knickerbockers, sometimes sent from
+Vienna by his grandmother, the Archduchess Isabel, sometimes ordered
+from London by the Infanta Isabel, his aunt.
+
+He is a very intelligent child, is very vivacious, and his manners,
+notwithstanding the high honors that have been paid to him since his
+birth as the chief of a great nation, are entirely free from arrogance
+and self-conceit. When the Queen Regent is holding audience in her
+apartments in the palace, which are directly below his, he will often go
+down and salute those who are waiting in the antechamber, giving them
+his hand, even though he may never have seen them before, this frankness
+of manner being a trait of the Spanish people, who are of all people the
+most democratic.
+
+[Illustration: ALFONSO XIII., WITH HIS MOTHER AND SISTERS.]
+
+He is very affectionate in his disposition, although he has a very firm
+will; and he tenderly loves his mother, whom he also greatly respects,
+and his sisters, who are his favorite playmates.
+
+He seems, as he grows older, however, to be perfectly conscious of his
+exalted position. He knows that he is the King, and in the official
+receptions and ceremonies at which he has to be present he rarely
+becomes impatient however long and solemn they may be. One of these rare
+occasions was during a royal reception in the throne-room. He was
+sitting at the right hand of the Queen, and all the high functionaries
+and courtiers were defiling past him, when he began to play with the
+white wand of office of the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, a great officer of
+the palace. Suddenly leaving his seat and the wand of the Duke he ran
+down the steps of the throne, and mounted astride one of the bronze
+lions that stand on either side of it. The act was so entirely childlike
+and spontaneous, and was performed with so much grace, that it gave
+every one present a sensation of real pleasure. Even the Queen herself,
+while she regretted that the young King should have failed in the
+etiquette of the occasion, could not help smiling.
+
+On another occasion of a similar kind he amused himself greatly watching
+the Chinese diplomats, looking with wonder and delight at their silk
+dresses, which he would touch from time to time with his little hands.
+
+What most attracted his attention, however, was the Chinese minister's
+pigtail. He waited a long time in vain for a chance to look at it from
+behind, for the Chinese are a very polite people, and the minister would
+never think of turning his back upon the King. At last it occurred to
+Alfonso to run and hide himself in a corner of the vast apartment, and
+wait for his opportunity, which he did. After a while the President of
+the Cabinet, seeing him in the corner, went over to him, and said, "What
+is your Majesty doing here?" "Let me alone," answered the boy; "I am
+waiting for the Chinese minister to turn round, so that I may steal up
+behind him, and look at his pigtail."
+
+The boy King, like most other boys, is very fond of boats, as may be
+gathered from the following anecdote. About three years ago the Queen
+gave a musical at San Sebastian, a sea-port where the royal family spend
+some months every summer for the sea-bathing, at which the Commandant of
+the Port was present. The little Alfonso was very fond of the
+Commandant, and had asked him for a boat, which the Commandant had
+promised to give the boy. He had not yet done so, however, and seeing
+him at the concert, the young King ran from one end of the room to the
+other, when the concert was at its best, and, stopping in front of him,
+said, "Commandant, when are you going to bring me the boat?"
+
+In San Sebastian the royal family have a magnificent palace called the
+palace of Ayete, where, however, they live very simply. Alfonso plays
+all day on the beach with his sisters and other children, running about
+or making holes in the sand with his little shovel, in view of
+everybody. He takes long drives also among the mountains and through the
+valleys. Sometimes there is a children's party in the gardens of the
+palace, when he mingles freely with his young guests. Indeed, it is not
+always necessary that he should know who his playmates are. Not long
+since he was getting out of the carriage with his mother at the door of
+the palace in Madrid, when two little boys who were passing stopped to
+look at the boy King. "Mamma, may I ask those two boys to come upstairs
+to play with me?" Alfonso asked the Queen. "If you like," was the
+answer. He accordingly went over to the two boys, and asked them
+upstairs to play with him, and all three ran together up the palace
+stairs to the King's apartments.
+
+The young King's birthday is always observed as a festival in the
+palace, and on his Saint's day, also, which is the 23d of January, there
+is always a grand reception. On this day it is the custom to confer
+decorations on such public functionaries as have merited them.
+
+As a descendant of Queen Isabella there is something appropriate in
+Alfonso having sent an exhibit--a small brass cannon--to the great Fair
+in Chicago, at which he was the youngest exhibitor.
+
+It is fortunate for the young King and for the country over which he is
+to rule that the important work of forming his character and educating
+his heart has fallen to a woman so admirably qualified for the task as
+the Queen Regent.
+
+Born on the 21st of July, 1858, Maria Cristina is now in the early prime
+of life. Her appearance is distinguished and majestic; her manners are
+simple and amiable. She has a sound understanding and a cultivated mind,
+well stored with varied information. She is of a serious disposition,
+and is religious without bigotry, and good without affectation. During
+the lifetime of King Alfonso, her husband, she took no part whatever in
+politics, so that when she was called upon to assume the important
+responsibilities of the regency she was able to place herself above
+political parties, and to be the Queen of the nation. She has had the
+good fortune, in the midst of her personal grief--for the death of her
+husband, whom she loved devotedly, was a terrible blow to her--to win
+the good-will of the greater part of the Spanish people, and the respect
+of all by the wisdom and discretion with which, through her ministers
+and according to the constitution, she has governed the country. She is
+exceedingly charitable, and delights especially in relieving the wants
+of children; she gives large sums to children's aid societies. She
+educates at her own expense the children of public functionaries who
+have been left in poverty; she is constantly taking upon herself the
+care of orphaned children, and no mother ever asks her help in vain.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"TAIL-PIECE." This title Hogarth, the celebrated English painter, gave
+to his last work. It is said that the idea for it was first started
+when, in the company of his friends, they sat around the table at his
+home. His guests had consumed all of the eatables and _et caetera_, and
+nothing remained but the empty plates and glasses. Hogarth, glancing
+over the table, sadly remarked, "My next undertaking shall be the _end
+of all things_." "If that is the case," replied one of his friends,
+"your business will be finished, for there will be an end of the
+painter." "There will be," answered Hogarth, sighing heavily.
+
+The next day he started the picture, and he pushed ahead rapidly,
+seemingly in fear of being unable to complete it. Grouped in an
+ingenious manner, he painted the following list to represent the end of
+all things: a broken bottle; the but-end of an old musket; an old broom
+worn to the stump; a bow unstrung; a crown tumbled to pieces; towers in
+ruins; a cracked bell; the sign-post of an inn, called the "World's
+End," falling down; the moon in her wane; a gibbet falling, the body
+gone, and the chains which held it dropping down; the map of the globe
+burning; Phoebus and his horses lying dead in the clouds; a vessel
+wrecked; Time with his hour-glass and scythe broken; a tobacco-pipe with
+the last whiff of smoke going out; a play-book opened, with the _exeunt
+omnes_ stamped in the corner; a statute of bankruptcy taken out against
+nature; and an empty purse.
+
+Hogarth reviewed this work with a sad and troubled countenance. Alas!
+something lacks. Nothing is wanted but this, and taking up his palette,
+he broke it and the brushes, and then with his pencil sketched the
+remains. "Finis, 'tis done!" he cried. It is said that he never took up
+the palette again, and a month later died.
+
+
+
+
+PRISCILLA.
+
+
+          Miles Standish was a fellow
+          Who understood quite well, oh,
+  In fighting with the redskins how to plan, plan, plan.
+          But I think him very silly
+          When he wished to woo Priscilla
+  To send another man, man, man.
+
+          For she said unto this other,
+          Whom she loved more than a brother,
+  "Why don't you speak, John Alden, for yourself, self, self?"
+          So of course John Alden tarried,
+          And the fair Priscilla married,
+  And they laid poor Captain Standish on the shelf, shelf, shelf.
+
+
+
+
+CORPORAL FRED.
+
+A Story of the Riots.
+
+BY CAPTAIN CHARLES KING, U.S.A.
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+When morning came, old Wallace's face had grown a year older. Up to
+midnight he had hoped that better counsels might prevail, and that the
+meetings called by the leaders of kindred associations, such as the
+Trainmen's Union, would result in refusal to sustain the striking
+switchmen; but when midnight came, and no Jim, things looked ominous. A
+sturdy, honest, hard-working fellow was Jim, devoted to his mother and
+sisters, and proud of the little home built and paid for by their united
+efforts. Content, happy, and hopeful, too, he seemed to be for several
+years; but of late he had spent much time attending the meetings at
+Harmonie Hall and listening to the addresses of certain semi-citizens,
+whose names and accent alike declared their foreign descent, and whose
+mission was the preaching of a gospel of discord. Their grievance was
+not that their hearers were hungry or in rags, down-trodden or
+oppressed, but that the higher officials of the road owned handsome
+homes and equipages, and lived in a style and luxury beyond the means of
+the honest toilers in the lower ranks. Jim used to come home with a
+smile of content as he looked upon the happy healthful faces of his
+mother and sisters, but for months past his talk had been of the way the
+Williams people lived, how they rode in their parlor car and went to the
+sea-shore every summer and to the theatre or opera every night, drove to
+the Park in carriages, and hobnobbed with the swells in town. "Why, I
+knew Joe Williams when he was yard-master and no bigger a man on the
+road than I am to-day," said Jim, "and now look at him." His mother
+laughingly bade him take comfort, then, from the contemplation of
+Williams's success. If he could rise to such affluence, why shouldn't
+Jim? Besides, Mr. Williams had married a wealthy woman. "Yes, the
+daughter of another bloated bondholder," said Jim. A year or two before
+they regarded it, one and all of them, as no bad thing that there were
+men eager to buy the bonds and meet the expense of extending the road;
+but since the advent of Messrs. Steinman and Frenzel, the orators of the
+Socialist propaganda, Jim had begun to develop a feeling of antipathy
+towards all persons vaguely grouped in the "capitalistic class."
+
+He had long since joined the Brotherhood of Trainmen, having confidence
+in its benevolent and protective features. There was no actual coercion,
+yet all seemed to find it to their best interest to belong to the union,
+even though they merely paid the small dues and rarely attended its
+meetings. These latter were usually conducted by a class of men
+prevalent in all circles of society, fellows of some gift for
+speech-making or debate. The quiet, thoughtful, and conservative rarely
+spoke, and more frequently differed than agreed with the speakers, but
+all through the year the meetings had become more turbulent and excited,
+and little by little men who had been content and willing wage-workers
+became infected with the theories so glibly expounded by the speakers.
+They were the bone and sinew of the great corporation; why should not
+they be rolling in wealth they won rather than seeing it lavished on the
+favored few, their employers? The only way for workingmen to get their
+fair percentage of the profits, said these leaders, was to strike and
+stick together, for the men of one union to "back" those of another, and
+then success was sure. Called from his home to a meeting of the
+trainmen, Jim Wallace was one of the five hundred of his brethren to
+decide whether or no they too should strike in support of their fellows,
+the switchmen, demanding not only the restoration of the discharged
+freight-handlers, but now also that of Stoltz. Old Wallace had firmly
+told him No; they had no case. But by midnight the trainmen had said
+Yes.
+
+An hour after midnight, anxious and unable to sleep, the father had
+stolen quietly up into the boys' room. Jim's bed was unoccupied; but
+over on the other side lay Corporal Fred, his duties early completed,
+sleeping placidly and well. With two exceptions, all the companies of
+his regiment were made up of men who lived in the heart of the city. The
+two junior companies, "L" and "M," had been raised in the western
+suburb, and as many as a dozen young fellows living almost as far west
+as the great freight-yards were members of these. According to the
+system adopted in some of the Eastern States, each company was divided
+into squads, so that in the event of sudden need for their services the
+summons could be quickly made. Every man's residence and place of work
+or business were duly recorded. Each Lieutenant had two sergeants to aid
+him, each sergeant, two corporals; and immediately on receipt of
+notification, it was the business of each corporal to bustle around and
+convey the order to the seven men comprising his squad. By ten o'clock
+on the previous evening Fred Wallace had seen and notified every one of
+his party, and then, returning home, had gone straightway to bed. "There
+won't be much sleep after we're called out," said he, "so now is my
+time."
+
+It would have been well for all his comrades had they followed his
+example, but one or two of the weak-headed among them could not resist
+the temptation of going to the freight-yards to see how matters were
+progressing, and there, boy like, telling their acquaintances among the
+silent, gloomy knots of striking railway men, that they too, "the
+Guards," were ordered out. It was not strictly true, but young men and
+many old ones rejoice in making a statement as sensational as possible.
+It would not surprise or excite a striker to say "we've received orders
+to be in readiness." It did excite them not a little when Billy Foster
+told them in so many words, "Say, we've got our orders, and you
+fellows'll have to look out."
+
+"There need be no resort to violence," said the leaders. "We can win at
+a walk. The managers have simply got to come down as soon as they see
+we're in earnest." And at ten o'clock at night the striking switchmen,
+many of them ill at ease, had been waiting to see the prophesied "come
+down" which was to be the immediate result of the tie-up. What the
+leaders failed to mention to their followers as worthy of consideration
+was that superintendents, yard-masters, conductors, engineers, brakemen,
+and firemen, one and all had risen from the bottom, and could throw
+switches just as well as those employed for no other purpose. It was
+inconvenient, of course. It meant slow work at the start, but so far
+from being paralyzed, as the leaders predicted, the officials went to
+work with a vim. Silk-hatted managers, kid-gloved superintendents, and
+"dude-collated" clerks were down in the train-shed swinging lanterns and
+handling switches, and so it had resulted that all the night express
+trains of the five companies using the Great Western tracks, one after
+another, slowly, cautiously, but surely had threaded the maze of green
+and red lights, and safely steamed over the four miles of shining steel
+rails between the Union depot in the heart of the city and these
+outlying freight-yards, and, only an hour or so behind time, had haunted
+their long rows of brilliantly lighted plate-glass windows in the sullen
+faces of the striking operatives, and then gone whistling merrily away
+to their several destinations over the dim, starlit prairies. The
+managers were only spurred, not paralyzed.
+
+"We'll win yet," said Stoltz, in a furious harangue to a thousand
+hearers, one-tenth of them, only railway employes, the others being
+recruited from the tramps, the ne'er-do-wells, the unemployed and the
+criminal classes, ever lurking about a great city. "The managers cannot
+play switchmen more than one night, and no men they hire dare attempt to
+work in your places--if you're the men I take you to be. Now I'm going
+to the trainmen's meeting to demand their aid." And go he did, with the
+result already indicated.
+
+Half an hour after midnight, despite the protests of the old and
+experienced men, the resolution to strike went through with a yell, and
+when the dawn came, faint and pallid in the eastern sky, and the myriad
+switch-lights in the dark, silent yards began to grow blear and dim,
+there stood the long rows of freight cars doubly fettered now, for not
+only were there no switchmen to make up the trains, there were no crews
+to man them and take them to their destination. Jim Wallace had struck
+with the rest.
+
+It was two o'clock when at last the father heard the heavy footfalls of
+his first-born on the wooden walk without. There he seemed to pause for
+some few words in low tone with a companion who had walked home with him
+from the yards. Old Wallace, going to the door to meet his son, heard
+these words as the other turned away. "And you tell Fred what I say. I'm
+a friend of yours, and always have been, but the boys won't stand any
+nonsense. It'll be the worst for him if he don't quit that militia
+business at once, and if he don't, he won't be the only one to suffer."
+
+[Illustration: "WHO THREATENS MY SON AND MY PEOPLE?" DEMANDED OLD
+WALLACE.]
+
+"Who is that?" demanded old Wallace, stepping promptly out from his
+front door. "Who threatens my son or my people?"
+
+The stranger had stepped away into the shade of an ailantus-tree before
+he answered. Jim Wallace stood in moody silence, confused by his
+father's sudden appearance, and ashamed that such menace as this against
+him and his should have been spoken without instant rebuke. "What I said
+was meant in all friendship to you and yours, Mr. Wallace. You don't
+know me, but I know you," said the stranger; with marked foreign accent,
+but in civil tone. "I want to avert trouble from your roof if I can, and
+therefore told Jim to get Fred out of that tin-soldier connection. No
+son of yours ought to be used in the intimidation of honest workingmen
+who only seek their rights, and if he is wise he'll quit it now and at
+once."
+
+"No son of mine shall be intimidated from doing a sworn duty by any such
+threats as yours," said Wallace, with rising wrath; "and if that's the
+game you play I'm ashamed to think that son of mine has had anything to
+do with you. Who are you, anyway? What do you mean by coming round
+'intimidating honest workingmen,' as you say, at this hour of the night?
+You're no trainman. Man and boy I've known the hands on this road nearly
+forty years, and I never thought to see the day when rank outsiders
+could come in and turn them against one another as you have. Who are
+you, I say?"
+
+"Never mind who I am, Mr. Wallace. I speak what I know, and my voice is
+that of ten thousand working--or more than working--_thinking_ men. If
+you're wise you'll see to it that this is the last time your boy carries
+orders to his fellows to turn out against us, for that's what he has
+done. If you _don't_, somebody may have to do it for you."
+
+"That isn't all!" shouted the old Scotchman, as the other turned away,
+"and you hear this here and now. My voice is that of ten million
+law-abiding people, high and low, rich and poor, and it says my boys
+shall stand by their duty, the one to his employers, the other to his
+regiment, you and your threats to the contrary notwithstanding. You
+haven't struck, have you, Jim?" he asked, turning in deep anxiety to his
+silent, crestfallen son.
+
+And for all answer Jim simply shrugged his broad shoulders and made a
+deprecatory gesture with his brown, hairy hand, then turned slowly into
+the little hallway, and went heavily to his room. At breakfast-time he
+was gone.
+
+Fred came bounding in at half past six, alert and eager, yet with grave
+concern on his keen young face. "I've been the length of the yards," he
+said, "and I'm hungry as a wolf, mother. They say they're going to block
+the incoming trains, and prevent others going out. Big crowds are
+gathering already, and I shouldn't be surprised if we were ordered on
+duty this very day. Where's Jim?"
+
+"He got up and dressed after you went out, Fred," was the reply. "He
+said he wanted no breakfast. Father has gone early to the shops. He
+thought he might meet you."
+
+"Well, I'll stop there to see him on my way to the office. I've got to
+see Mr. Manners first thing about getting off if the call comes."
+
+"I hope he'll say no," said Jessie Wallace, promptly. She was the
+younger, prettier sister, and the more impulsive.
+
+"You thought the regiment beautiful on Memorial day, Jess, and were glad
+enough to go and see the parade," said Fred, with a mouth nearly full of
+porridge.
+
+"That's different. I like the band, and the plumes and uniforms, and
+parading and drilling, but I don't want you to be shot or stoned or
+abused the way the other regiment was at the mines last spring."
+
+"Well, there's where you and Manners don't agree. He objects to my
+belonging because of the parades and drills and summer camp, says it's
+all vanity, foolishness, and that only popinjays want to wear uniforms.
+I guess he'd be glad enough to have us in line if a mob should make a
+break for the works, but I own I'm worried about what he'll say to-day."
+
+And Fred might well be worried. Dense throngs of excited men were
+gathered along the yards as he wended his way to the works after a few
+words with his father at the gloomy shop. An engine with some flat cars
+had come out with newly employed men to man the switches. Engineer,
+firemen, and the newly employed had to flee for their lives, and the
+assistant-superintendent was being carried to the emergency hospital in
+a police patrol wagon. Nobody was being carried to the police station.
+"There'll be worse for the next load that comes," shouted Stoltz from
+the sidewalk, and a storm of jeers and yells was the applauding answer.
+These sounds were still ringing in young Wallace's ears when he came
+before the manager. Mr. Manners turned round in his chair when Fred told
+him of his orders of the night before.
+
+"Wallace," said he, "I told you last month that no man could serve two
+masters. We can't afford to employ young men who at any time may be
+called out to go parading with a lot of tin soldiers."
+
+"This isn't parade, sir; It's business. It's protecting life and
+property."
+
+"Fudge!" said Manners; "let the police attend to that--or the regulars.
+It's their business. If you leave your desk on any such ridiculous
+orders you leave it for good."
+
+And at four o'clock that afternoon, towards the close of a day filled
+with wild rumors of riot, bloodshed, and destruction, a young man in the
+neat service dress of a sergeant of infantry--blue blouse and trousers,
+and tan-colored felt hat and leggings--walked in to Corporal Fred's
+office with a written slip in his hand, and Corporal Fred walked out.
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+OAKLEIGH.
+
+BY ELLEN DOUGLAS DELAND.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+Jack and Neal entered into partnership in the poultry business.
+
+"You see, I sha'n't have a cent of my own until I am twenty-five,"
+explained Neal, "and my old grandmother left most of the cash to Hessie.
+She had some crazy old-fashioned notions about men being able to work
+for their living, but women couldn't. It's all a mistake. Nowadays women
+can work just as well as men, if not better. Besides, they marry, and
+their husbands ought to support them. Now, what am I going to do when I
+marry?"
+
+Cynthia, who was present at this discussion, gave a little laugh. "Are
+you thinking of taking this important step very soon? Perhaps you will
+have time to earn a little first. Chickens may help you. Or you might
+choose a wife who will work--you say women do it better than men--and
+she will be pleased to support you, I have no doubt."
+
+They were on the river, tied up under an overhanging tree. Cynthia, who
+had been paddling, sat in the stern of the canoe; the boys were
+stretched in the bottom. It was a warm, lazy-feeling day for all but
+Cynthia. The boys had been taking their ease and allowing her to do the
+work, which she was always quite willing to do.
+
+"I'll tell you how it is," continued Neal, ignoring Cynthia's sarcasm.
+"I'll have a tidy little sum when I am twenty-five, and until then
+Hessie is to make me an allowance and pay my school and college
+expenses. She's pretty good about it--about giving me extras now and
+then, I mean--but you sort of hate to be always nagging at a girl for
+money. It was a rum way of doing the thing, anyhow, making me dependent
+on her. I wish my grandmother hadn't been such a hoot-owl."
+
+Cynthia looked at him reprovingly. "You are terribly disrespectful," she
+said, "and I think you needn't make such a fuss. You're pretty lucky to
+have such a sister as mamma."
+
+"Oh, Hessie might be worse, I don't deny. It's immense to hear you great
+girls call her 'mamma,' though. I never thought to see Hessie marry a
+widower with a lot of children. What was she thinking of, anyway?"
+
+"Well, you are polite! She was probably thinking what a very nice man my
+father is," returned Cynthia, loftily.
+
+"He is a pretty good fellow. So far I haven't found him a bad sort of
+brother-in-law. I don't know how it will be when I put in my demand for
+a bigger allowance in the fall. I have an idea he could be pretty stiff
+on those occasions. But that's why I want to go into the poultry
+business."
+
+"And I don't mind having you," said Jack. "Sharing the profits is
+sharing the expense, and so far I've seen more expense than profit.
+However, when they begin to lay and we send the eggs to market, then the
+money will pour in. I say we don't do anything but sell eggs. It would
+be an awful bore to get broilers ready for market. By-the-way, I think
+we had better go back now and finish up that brooder we were making."
+
+"Oh, no hurry," said Neal. "It won't take three minutes to do that, and
+it's jolly out here. It's the coolest place I've been in to-day. Let's
+talk some more about the poultry business. We'll call ourselves
+'Franklin & Gordon, Oakleigh Poultry Farm.' That will look dandy on the
+bill-heads. And we'll make a specialty of those pure white eggs. I say,
+Cynthia, what are you grinning at?"
+
+"I am not grinning. I am not a Cheshire cat."
+
+"I don't know. I've already felt your claws once or twice. But you've
+got something funny in your head. The corners of your mouth are
+twitching, and your eyes are dancing like--like the river."
+
+Cynthia cast up her blue eyes in mock admiration. "Hear! hear! He grows
+poetical. But as you are so very anxious to know what I am 'grinning'
+at," she added, demurely, "I'll tell you. I was only thinking of a
+little proverb I have heard. It had something to do with counting
+chickens before they are hatched."
+
+"Oh, come off!" exclaimed Jack, while Neal laughed good-naturedly.
+
+"And I've also a suggestion to make," went on Cynthia. "From what I have
+gathered during our short acquaintance, I think Mr. Neal Gordon isn't
+over-fond of exerting himself. I think it would be a good idea, Jack,
+when you sign your partnership papers, or whatever they are, to put in
+something about dividing the work as well as the expense _and_ the
+profits."
+
+"There go your claws again," said Neal. "Let's change the subject by
+trying to catch a 'lucky-bug.'" And he made a grab towards the myriads
+of insects that were darting hither and thither on the surface of the
+water. "I'll give a prize--this fine new silver quarter to the one who
+catches a 'lucky-bug.'"
+
+He laid the money on the thwart of the boat and made another dash.
+
+"When you have lived on the river as long as I have you'll know that
+'lucky-bugs' can't be caught," said Cynthia. "Now see what you have
+done, you silly boy!"
+
+For with Neal's last effort the quarter had flown from the canoe and
+sunk with a splash in the river.
+
+"Good-by, quarter!" sang Neal. "I might find you if I thought it would
+pay to get wet for the likes of you."
+
+"If that is the way you treat quarters, I don't wonder you think your
+allowance isn't big enough," said Cynthia, severely; "and may I ask you
+a question?"
+
+"You may ask a dozen; but the thing is, will I answer them?"
+
+"You will if I ask them. Were you ever in a canoe before?"
+
+"A desire to crush you tempts me to say 'yea,' but a stern regard for
+truth compels me to answer 'nay.'"
+
+"You couldn't crush me if you tried for a week, and you couldn't make me
+believe you had ever been in a canoe before, for your actions show you
+haven't. People that have spent their time on yachts and sail-boats
+think they can go prancing about in a canoe and catch all the lucky-bugs
+they want. When you have upset us all you will stop prancing, I
+suppose."
+
+"Claws again," groaned Neal, in exaggerated despair.
+
+"I say, Cynth, let's go back and put him to work on that brooder," said
+Jack, who had been enjoying this sparring-match. "We'll see what work we
+can get out of him."
+
+And, notwithstanding his remonstrances, Neal was paddled home and put to
+work. Cynthia's "claws" did take effect, and for the first time in his
+life he began to feel a little ashamed of being so lazy.
+
+Jack was one of the plodding kind. His mind was not as brilliant as
+Neal's, nor his tongue as ready, but at the end of the year he would
+have more to show than Neal Gordon.
+
+Mrs. Franklin carried out her plan of inviting their friends to the
+"hatching bee," and Thursday was the day on which the chicks were
+expected to come out. As the morning wore on Cynthia's excitement grew
+more and more intense, and all the family shared it.
+
+"What shall we do if they don't come out?" she exclaimed a dozen times.
+
+At one o'clock a crack was discovered in one of the eggs in the
+"thermometer row." At three it was a decided break, and several others
+could be seen. Cynthia declared that she heard a chirping, but it was
+very faint.
+
+Mrs. Franklin remained upstairs to receive the guests, who came down as
+soon as they arrived. There were about a dozen girls and boys.
+Fortunately the cellar was large and airy, and the coolest place to be
+found on this warm summer day.
+
+And presently the fun began. Pop! pop! went one egg after another, and
+out came a little struggling chick, which in due time floundered across
+the other eggs or the deserted egg-shells, and flopped down to the
+gravel beneath on the lower floor of the machine. It was funny to see
+them, and, as they gradually recovered from their efforts, and their
+feathers dried off, the little downy balls crowded at the front, and,
+chirping loudly, pecked at the glass.
+
+Mrs. Franklin joined them now and then, and at last, when about seventy
+chicks had been hatched, she insisted upon all coming upstairs for a
+breath of fresh air before supper.
+
+Here a surprise awaited them. Unknown to her daughters Mrs. Franklin had
+given orders that the supper-table should be arranged upon the lawn in
+the shade of the house, and when Edith stepped out on the piazza she
+paused in astonishment.
+
+What terrible innovation into the manners and customs of Oakleigh was
+this? Last year, for a little party the children gave, she had wanted
+tea on the lawn, but it could not be accomplished. How had the new-comer
+managed to do it?
+
+"Isn't this too lovely!" cried Gertrude Morgan, enthusiastically,
+turning to Edith. "My dear, I think you are the luckiest girl I ever
+knew, to have any one give you such a surprise. Didn't you really know a
+thing about it?"
+
+"I have been consulted about nothing," returned Edith, stiffly. She
+would have liked to run upstairs and hide, out of sight of the whole
+affair.
+
+"I hope you like the effect, Edith," said Mrs. Franklin, coming up to
+her as she stood on the piazza step. "I thought it would be great fun to
+surprise you."
+
+"I detest surprises of all kinds," replied Edith, turning away, "and it
+seems to me I have had nothing else lately."
+
+Much disappointed and greatly hurt, Mrs. Franklin was about to speak
+again, but at this moment Cynthia, enchanted with the success of the
+hatch, and with the pretty sight on the lawn, rushed up to her
+step-mother and squeezed her arm.
+
+[Illustration: "YOU ARE A PERFECT DEAR!" SHE WHISPERED. "EVERYTHING IS
+NICER SINCE YOU CAME."]
+
+"You are a perfect dear!" she whispered. "Everything is nicer since you
+came. Even the chickens came out for you, and last time it was so
+dreadful." And Mrs. Franklin smiled again and felt comforted.
+
+The table was decorated with roses and lovely ferns, strewn here and
+there with apparent carelessness, but really after much earnest study of
+effects. Bowls of great unhulled strawberries added their touch of
+color, as did the generous slices of golden sponge-cake. The dainty
+china and glass gleamed in the afternoon light, and the artistic
+arrangement added not a little to the already good appetites of the boys
+and girls.
+
+Fortunately Oakleigh was equal to any emergency in the eating line, and
+as rapidly as the piles of three-cornered sandwiches, fairylike rolls,
+and other goodies disappeared the dishes were replenished as if by
+magic.
+
+After supper the piano was rolled over to the front window in the long
+parlor.
+
+"Put it close to the window," said Mrs. Franklin, "and I will sit
+outside, like the eldest daughter in _The Peterkins_, to play. That will
+give me the air, and you can hear the music better."
+
+They danced on the lawn and played games to the music; then they
+gathered on the porch and sang college songs, while the sun sank at the
+end of the long summer day, and the stars came twinkling out, and
+by-and-by the full moon rose over the tree-tops and flooded them with
+her light.
+
+Altogether, Jack's second "hatching bee" was a success. A good time, a
+good supper, and, best of all, one hundred and forty chickens. Yes, it
+really seemed as if poultry were going to pay, and "Franklin & Gordon,"
+of the Oakleigh Poultry Farm, went to bed quite elated with prosperity.
+
+The next morning at breakfast they were discussing the matter, and Mr.
+Franklin expressed his unqualified approval of the scheme.
+
+"If you succeed in raising your chickens, now that they are hatched,
+Jack, my boy, I think you are all right. You owe Aunt Betsey a debt of
+thanks. By-the-way, where is Aunt Betsey? Have you heard from her
+lately?"
+
+There was no answer. Jack exploded into a laugh which he quickly
+repressed, Edith looked very solemn, while Cynthia had the appearance of
+being on the verge of tears.
+
+"I want to see Aunt Betsey," said Mrs. Franklin, as she buttered a roll
+for Willy. "I think she must be a very interesting character."
+
+"It is very extraordinary that we have heard nothing from her," went on
+Mr. Franklin. "What can be the meaning of it? When was she last here,
+Edith?"
+
+"In June."
+
+"Was it when I was at home? Hasn't she been here since the time she gave
+Jack the money for the incubator?"
+
+"That was in May. You were in Albany when she was here the last time."
+
+"It is very strange that she has never written nor come to see you,
+Hester. It can't be that she is offended with something, can it? I must
+take you up to Wayborough to see the dear old lady. I am very fond of
+Aunt Betsey, and I would not hurt her feelings for the world."
+
+There was a pause, and then into the silence came Janet's shrill tones:
+
+"I know why Aunt Betsey's feelings are hurted. They was turribly hurted.
+Edith an' Cynthia an' Jack all knows too."
+
+"Janet, hush!" interposed Edith.
+
+"Not at all; let the child speak," said her father. "What do you know,
+Janet?"
+
+"Aunt Betsey came, an' she went to see Mrs. Parker, an' Mrs. Parker said
+she'd been there before an' Aunt Betsey said she hadn't, an' it wasn't
+Aunt Betsey at all, it was Cynthia dressed up like her, an' Aunt Betsey
+said we was all naughty 'cause we didn't want the bride to come, an' the
+bride was mamma, and we didn't want her, it was the trufe, an' Aunt
+Betsey went off mad 'cause Cynthia dressed up like her. She wouldn't
+stay all night, she just went off slam-bang hopping mad."
+
+"What does the child mean?" exclaimed her father. "Will some one
+explain? Edith, what was the trouble?"
+
+"I would rather not say," said Edith, her eyes fastened on her plate.
+
+"That is no way to speak to your father. Answer me."
+
+"Papa, I cannot. It is not my affair."
+
+"It is your affair. I insist."
+
+"Wait, John," interposed Mrs. Franklin.
+
+"Not at all; I can't wait. Edith was here in charge of the family.
+Something happened to offend Aunt Betsey. Now she must explain what it
+was. I hold her responsible."
+
+"Indeed she's not, papa," said Cynthia, at last finding her voice.
+"Edith is not to blame; I am the one. I found Aunt Betsey's false front,
+and I dressed up and looked exactly like her, and Jack drove me to see
+Mrs. Parker. Edith didn't want me to go, but I would do it. Really,
+papa, Edith isn't a bit to blame. And then when Aunt Betsey came soon
+afterwards she went to see Mrs. Parker, and she didn't like it because
+she said she had been there two weeks ago and told her--I mean, Mrs.
+Parker told me about--"
+
+Cynthia stopped abruptly.
+
+"Well, go on," said her father, impatiently.
+
+Still Cynthia said nothing.
+
+"Cynthia, will you continue? If not--"
+
+"Oh yes, papa; though--but--well, Mrs. Parker told me that you were
+going to marry again. And then when Aunt Betsey really went, Mrs. Parker
+said, 'I told you so.' Aunt Betsey didn't like that, and when she asked
+us if she had been here, of course we had to say no, and she was going
+right back to tell Mrs. Parker what we said; so I had to confess, and,
+of course, Aunt Betsey didn't like it, and she went right home that
+day."
+
+Mr. Franklin pushed back his chair from the table, and began to walk up
+and down.
+
+"I am perfectly astonished at your doing such a thing, and more
+astonished still that Edith--"
+
+"Papa, please don't say another word about Edith. She didn't want me to
+go, and I would do it."
+
+"Why have you not told me all this before?"
+
+"Because, you see, I couldn't. I had heard that you were going to be
+married, and I didn't believe it until you told me; at least--"
+
+Cynthia paused and grew uncomfortably red.
+
+"Poor child!" said Mrs. Franklin, smiling at her sympathetically. "It
+must have been very hard for you."
+
+"It was," said Cynthia, simply; "only you know, mamma, I don't feel a
+bit so now. And then when you came home, papa, it was all so exciting I
+forgot about it, and I have only thought of it once in a while,
+and--well, I've been afraid to tell you," she added, honestly.
+
+"I should think so! I am glad you have the grace to be ashamed of
+yourself, Cynthia. Has no apology gone to Aunt Betsey?"
+
+"No, papa."
+
+"It is outrageous. The only thing to do is to go there at once. Jack,
+get the _Pathfinder_."
+
+The _Pathfinder_, boon of New England households, was brought, and Mr.
+Franklin studied the trains for Wayborough.
+
+"Hester, you had better come too. It is only proper that I should take
+you to call on Aunt Betsey. Get ready now, and we will go for the day."
+
+The Franklins were quite accustomed to these sudden decisions on the
+part of their father, and Mrs. Franklin did not demur. She and Cynthia
+hurried off to make ready, and the carriage was ordered to take them to
+the station.
+
+Cynthia's preparations did not take long. Her sailor-hat perched sadly
+on one side, her hair tied with a faded blue ribbon, one of the cuffs of
+her shirt-waist fastened with a pin. All this Edith took in at a glance.
+
+"Cynthia, you look like a guy."
+
+"I guess I am one."
+
+"Don't be so terribly Yankee as to say 'guess.'"
+
+"I am a Yankee, so why shouldn't I talk like one? Oh, Edith, what do I
+care about ribbons and sleeve-buttons when I have to go and apologize to
+Aunt Betsey."
+
+Edith was supplying the deficiencies in her sister's toilet.
+
+"It is too bad. Janet ought not to have told. But it is just like
+everything else--all Mrs. Franklin's fault."
+
+"Edith, what do you mean? Mamma did not make Janet tell; she tried to
+stop papa."
+
+"I know she _appeared_ to. But if papa had not married again would this
+ever have happened? You would not have heard at Mrs. Parker's that he
+was going to, Mrs. Parker wouldn't have said 'I told you so' to Aunt
+Betsey, Aunt Betsey wouldn't have found out you were there--"
+
+"Edith, what a goose you are! Any other time you would scold me for
+having done it, and I know I deserve it. Now you are putting all the
+blame on mamma. You are terribly unjust."
+
+"There, now, you have turned against me, all because of Mrs. Franklin. I
+declare it is too bad!"
+
+"Oh, Edith, I do wonder when you will find out what a lovely woman mamma
+is! Of course you will have to some day; you can't help it. There, they
+are calling, and I must run! Good-by."
+
+Hastily kissing her sister, Cynthia ran off.
+
+Neal had much enjoyed the scene at the breakfast-table. He only wished
+that he had been present when Cynthia impersonated her aunt. It must
+have been immense. He wished that he could go also to Wayborough, but he
+was not invited to join the party. He was to be left alone for the day
+with Edith, for Mr. Franklin had decided that Jack should accompany
+them, to thank Aunt Betsey once more, and to tell her himself of the
+success of the hatch.
+
+"I'll have to step round pretty lively, then," said Jack. "Those birds
+must get to the brooders before I go. Come along, Neal. It's an awful
+bore having to go to Wayborough the very first day. You'll have to look
+after the chicks, and don't you forget it."
+
+The chickens safely housed, and the family gone, Neal prepared to enjoy
+the day. He had made up his mind to see something of Edith, and he had
+no idea of working by himself, especially as there was no absolute
+necessity for it.
+
+"The day is too hot for work, anyhow," he said to himself.
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+STORIES OF OUR GOVERNMENT.
+
+THE PRESIDENT'S CABINET.
+
+BY THE HONORABLE THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
+
+
+The executive business of the national government is divided into eight
+departments, and the heads of these eight departments are known as
+Cabinet officers, and form the President's Cabinet.
+
+It often happens that we use the same name that is used in England for
+an officer or an institution, which is not, however, quite the same, and
+is sometimes widely different, and we must always be on our guard not to
+be confused by such seeming similarity. This is true in our political
+life, just as it is true in our sports. For instance, we could not get
+an international match between Harvard, Yale, or Princeton, and Oxford
+or Cambridge on the football field, because, although football is played
+at all of them, yet the game in the American colleges is so different
+from that played in the English universities that it would be impossible
+to have American and English teams meet on the same ground, any more
+than we could put a baseball nine against a cricket eleven. It is just
+the same way in our politics. The Senate is sometimes spoken of as
+corresponding to the House of Lords; but they really have few points of
+resemblance, save that they are both second chambers. So the Speaker of
+the House of Representatives is sometimes spoken of as if his position
+corresponded to that of Speaker of the House of Commons. This is not
+true at all. The Speaker of the House of Commons is, properly, merely a
+moderator, like the moderator of a New England town meeting, and his
+duty is to preside and keep order, but not to be a Speaker, in our sense
+of the word, at all, not to give any utterance to party policy. In the
+American House, on the contrary, the Speaker is the great party leader,
+who is second in power and influence only to the President himself. The
+functions of the two officers have nothing in common, save in the mere
+presiding over the deliberations of the body itself.
+
+[Illustration: THE CABINET-ROOM.]
+
+So in England the cabinet officers are all legislators, exactly as the
+Prime Minister, their chief, and they are elected by separate
+constituencies just as he is. In America the cabinet officers are not
+legislators at all, and have no voice in legislation. Instead of being
+elected by their own constituencies, they are appointed by the
+President, and he is directly responsible for them. It is upon his
+Cabinet officers that the President has to rely for information as to
+what action to take, in ordinary cases, and he has to trust to them to
+see the actual executive business of the government well performed.
+
+The chief of them all is the Secretary of State. At the Cabinet meetings
+he sits on the right hand of the President. He would take the
+President's place should both the President and the Vice-President die.
+It is he who shapes or advises the shaping of our foreign policy, and
+who has to deal with our ministers and consuls abroad. He does not have
+nearly as much work to do, under ordinary circumstances, as several
+other Cabinet officers; but whereas if they blunder it is only a
+question of internal affairs, and is a blunder that we ourselves can
+remedy, if the Secretary of State blunders it may involve the whole
+nation in war, or may involve the surrender of rights which ought never
+to be given up save through war. Questions of grave difficulty with
+foreign powers continually arise: now about fisheries or sealing rights
+with Great Britain, now about an island in the Pacific with Germany, now
+about some Cuban filibustering expedition with Spain, and again with
+some South-American or Asiatic power over insults offered to our flag,
+or outrages committed on our citizens. All of these questions come
+before the Secretary of State, and it is his duty to digest them
+thoroughly, and advise the President of the proper course to take in the
+matter. The Secretary of State very largely holds in his hands the
+national honor.
+
+Next in importance to the Secretary of State comes the Secretary of the
+Treasury. The great economic questions which the country always has to
+face are those connected with the currency and the tariff, and the
+Secretary of the Treasury has to deal with both. On his policy it
+largely depends whether the business of our merchants is to shrink or
+grow, whether the workingmen in our factories shall see their wages
+increase or lessen, whether our debts shall be paid in money that is
+worth more or less than when they were contracted, or in money that is
+worth practically the same. I do not mean by this to say for a moment
+that the Secretary of the Treasury, or any other official, can do
+anything like as much for the prosperity of any class or of any
+individual as that class or individual can do for itself or himself. In
+the end it is each man's individual capacity and efforts which count for
+most. No legislation can make any man permanently prosperous; and the
+worst evil we can do is to persuade a man to trust to anything save his
+own powers and dogged perseverance. Nevertheless, the Secretary of the
+Treasury can shape a policy which will do great good or great harm to
+our industries; and, moreover, he has to work out the financial and
+tariff policies which he thinks the President and the party leaders
+demand. The position is therefore one of the utmost importance.
+
+The Postmaster-General has to deal with more offices than any other
+official, for he has to control all the post-offices of the United
+States. He is the great administrative officer of the country.
+Unfortunately, under our stupid spoils system, postmasters are appointed
+merely for political reasons, and are changed with every change of
+party, no matter what their services to the community have been. This is
+a very silly and very brutal practice, and all friends of honest
+government are striving to overthrow it by bringing in the policy of
+civil service reform. Under this all these postmasters will be appointed
+purely because they will make good postmasters, and will render
+faithful service to the people of their districts, and they will be kept
+so long as they do render it, and no longer.
+
+[Illustration: J. Harmon, Attorney-General. J. D. Morton, Agriculture.
+H. Smith, Interior. W. L. Wilson, Post. Gen.
+
+President Cleveland. J. G. Carlisle, Treasury. H. Herbert, Navy. R.
+Olney, State. D. Lamont, War.
+
+A MEETING OF THE CABINET.]
+
+The Secretary of the Interior has to deal with the disposal and
+management of the great masses of lands we have in the West, and also he
+has to deal with the management of the Indians, and with the
+administration of the pension laws. All three are most difficult
+problems, and their solution demands the utmost care, patriotism, and
+intelligence.
+
+The Attorney-General is the law officer of the government. He sees to
+the execution of the Federal laws throughout the country, and appoints
+his agents to do this work in every district of every State, and he also
+advises the President and heads of departments on all legal matters.
+
+The Secretary of Agriculture is a man of mixed duties. A good many
+bureaus of one kind and another are under his supervision, and most of
+the scientific work of the government is done under him. Some of the
+scientific bureaus, however, are under other departments. The work done
+by these scientific bureaus, as by the coast survey and the geological
+survey, and by the zoologists in the department, has been of the very
+highest value, and has won cordial recognition from all European
+countries. Much of the work of the early scientific explorers in the
+West reads like a veritable romance; and this governmental work has
+added enormously to our knowledge in all branches of science, from the
+natural history of mammals and birds, to the geological formation of
+mountains, and the contour of the coasts.
+
+The remaining two officers are the Secretary of the Navy and the
+Secretary of War. The Secretary of the Navy, again, occupies a most
+important position, for upon the navy depends to a very great extent the
+nation's power of protecting its citizens abroad, and of enforcing the
+respect to which it is entitled. Most fortunately for the last ten or
+twelve years the secretaries of the navy have done admirable work. Each
+has built on the good work of his predecessor, so that we are gradually
+getting our navy to a pitch where it can worthily uphold the honor and
+dignity of the American flag.
+
+The Secretary of War is an officer whose duties are usually not very
+important, as he has comparatively little of consequence to do during
+time of peace, but is perhaps the most important officer of the Cabinet,
+with the sole exception of the Secretary of State, whenever a war
+arises. He has all kinds of work to do even in peace, however. Thus
+during the last two or three years the experiment has been tried on a
+large scale of working the Indians in as soldiers; and although hitherto
+this experiment has not had the success its promoters anticipated, yet
+good has been obtained by it. But when war comes, the Secretary, if not
+a powerful man, will be crushed helplessly; and if a powerful man, can
+do great good for the country and win a great name for himself, for in
+war he stands as one of the supreme officers, and upon his energy and
+capacity depends much of the success of the contest.
+
+A strong President will usually make up his mind on certain policies and
+carry them out without regard to his Cabinet, merely informing them that
+their duty is to do the work allotted to them; but except in the case of
+these few policies, to which the President is committed, and the
+workings of which he thoroughly understands, he has to rely on his
+advisers.
+
+The necessary advice is given him in these Cabinet meetings as well as
+privately. At these meetings the business of the departments is
+discussed, and also all questions of public policy of sufficient
+importance to make the President feel he would like advice about them.
+Of course the importance of the questions thus discussed may vary much,
+ranging between the adoption of a course of policy which may force Great
+Britain into war with us on the one hand, and on the other the abolition
+of the annual football games between Annapolis and West Point. The
+average Cabinet officer has a great responsibility, and can exert a most
+powerful influence for good or for evil throughout the entire republic.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE PUDDING STICK]
+
+     This Department is conducted in the interest of Girls and Young
+     Women, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question on
+     the subject so far as possible. Correspondents should address
+     Editor.
+
+
+You can tell me nothing about it, girls, nothing that I do not perfectly
+understand when you confide to me that you find vacation days rather
+slow of pace. Jenny Lucille spent last year in college, studying hard,
+and under high pressure from her entrance as a Freshman till the day she
+passed her examinations triumphantly, and was ready to begin her work as
+a Sophomore. It was due to her parents, who were making a great
+sacrifice in sending her from home, that she should do her best, and be
+an honor and credit to them, and being a girl of acute sensitiveness and
+much devotion to duty, Jenny would have been incapable of wasting her
+time. Then it is, after the first feeling of homesickness wears off, a
+gay and exciting world, this college world where so many young women are
+gathered, where there are sports and games and pleasant social evenings,
+and the feeling that something worth while is happening every day. The
+time flies, especially the last half of the last term, and at last, when
+there is a breaking-up, and the girls separate and take their different
+ways for home, notwithstanding their gladness that they are going to
+meet their dear home people, tears fill many eyes, and overflow
+furtively, and wet dainty handkerchiefs, and not till the train or the
+boat is fairly off are the faces quite bright again.
+
+Well, home is reached, and home is sweet. How kind and hearty the
+father's greeting, how loving the mother's word and look, how much the
+children have grown, how nice it is to be in one's own room again, and
+to sit in one's own old seat at the dear home table! But after a little,
+if the household be a quiet one, and the village or town a place in
+which little goes on, the girl is vexed to find herself a wee bit blue.
+She wouldn't let anybody divine it; she shakes herself, and calls
+herself names in private, but she has to fight to be cheerful, and now
+and then she sits down and writes a long letter to her chum, and
+indulges in a good comfortable cry, with nobody to guess that she is not
+entirely contented, as indeed all sensible people would say she ought to
+be. The chum at Bar Harbor or Put-in-Bay, or some nook in the White or
+Green or Blue Mountains, some perch in the Rockies, or springs, or
+beach, or other gay resort, has had no time to be blue, and _her_ letter
+back will be a complete contrast to Jenny's.
+
+Now, my dear Jenny, listen to me! This fit of low spirits will pass
+presently, and you will be none the worse for it, if you will just
+credit it to the account of reaction. Take hold of whatever work there
+is to do in the house, the harder the better, and do it with both hands.
+Read an entertaining book, not a study book, but a bright story, the
+novel people are talking about, or else the novel of yesterday, which
+you have always felt you ought to read, but have not yet had time to
+attack in earnest. Hawthorne, Wilkie Collins, Thackeray, Dickens, choose
+your author and your book, and float off into the life of imagination,
+which cheats the life of the actual of so much of its pain.
+
+Whatever else you do, resolutely speak brightly and look cheerful. The
+brave effort to be bright and cheerful on the outside braces up the
+inside wonderfully, soul and body, as you know, being such inseparable
+partners.
+
+[Illustration: Signature]
+
+
+
+
+WEATHER INDICATIONS.
+
+
+If you can't afford a barometer to tell you what kind of weather you are
+going to have, perhaps the following old proverbs will prove of use in
+helping you to prophesy as to whether it will rain to-morrow or not:
+
+If spiders in spinning their webs make the termination filaments long,
+we may, in proportion to the length, conclude that the weather will be
+serene, and continue so for ten or twelve days.
+
+If many gnats are seen in the spring, expect a fine autumn; if gnats fly
+in compact bodies in the beams of the setting sun, there will be fine
+weather.
+
+If the garden spiders break and destroy their webs and creep away,
+expect rain or showery weather.
+
+If sheep, rams, and goats spring around in the meadows, and fight more
+than usual, expect rain.
+
+If cattle leave off feeding, and chase each other around the pastures,
+rain.
+
+If cats back their bodies and wash their faces, rain.
+
+If foxes and dogs howl and bark more than usual, if dogs grow sleepy and
+dull, rain.
+
+If moles cast up hills, rain.
+
+If horses stretch out their nicks and sniff the air and assemble in the
+corner of a field with their heads to leeward, rain.
+
+If rats and mice be restless, rain.
+
+If peacocks and guinea fowls scream, and turkeys gobble, and if quails
+make more noise than usual, rain.
+
+If the sea birds fly toward land, and land birds toward the sea, rain.
+
+If the cock crows more than usual, and earlier, expect rain.
+
+If swallows fly lower than usual, expect rain.
+
+If bats flutter and beetles fly about, there will be fine weather.
+
+If birds in general pick their feathers, wash themselves, and fly to
+their nests, rain.
+
+Some of the queerest miscellaneous quips received are to the effect
+that:
+
+If there are no falling stars to be seen on a bright summer evening, you
+may look for fine weather.
+
+If there be many falling stars on a clear evening in summer, there will
+be thunder.
+
+A rainbow in the morning is the shepherd's warning.
+
+If fish bite more readily, and gambol near the surface of the ponds and
+streams, then look out for rain.
+
+If porpoises and whales sport about ships, expect a hurricane.
+
+The best proverb of all, however, is the following couplet:
+
+  A coming storm your toes and teeth presage;
+  Your corns will ache, your hollow molars rage.
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO MAKE A HERBARIUM.
+
+BY CAROLINE A. CREEVEY.
+
+
+A young lady who was a great lover of wild flowers once brought me a
+number of pressed specimens to name. They were carefully pressed, but
+were loosely laid between the pages of a magazine. Among them were
+several choice plants, one or two of the rarer orchids, and a ginseng
+that I had never found. In handling them the leaves and flower petals
+had become broken.
+
+"Your specimens are being ruined," I said. "Why do you not gum them each
+on a separate piece of paper and lay them in a box? You have here an
+excellent beginning for a herbarium."
+
+"Oh dear, no!" she said. "I never could take the trouble to make a
+herbarium. I don't care for the flowers after I know what they are. You
+may have them all, and welcome."
+
+She had doubtless seen the longing look in my eyes. I was generous,
+however, and tried to persuade my friend to treasure her own flowers,
+which she had been at some pains to press, assuring her that the
+herbarium did certainly pay for its trouble, and that unless she were a
+collector she would fail of becoming a real botanist. My arguments had
+no effect, and I fell heir to my friend's specimens.
+
+Another time a lady (a member of a botanical club) said to me: "I don't
+care to make a collection. I would as soon look at hay as dried plants.
+What I want to study is _living nature_."
+
+This sounds like a fine sentiment, and if the herbarium were to take the
+place of out-door study, we would better burn our entire collection.
+
+Here are the questions, then: How will the herbarium help us in our
+study of flowers? and Why is it not better to confine our study to
+"living nature"?
+
+We cannot deny that the herbarium is a matter of time and trouble; but
+nothing worth having can be acquired without trouble. There is a lever
+which lightens all tasks wonderfully. That lever is enthusiasm. If you
+are enthusiastic about anything, you will be pretty sure to succeed,
+whether that thing be music, drawing, or even arithmetic. This is
+especially true of nature studies. The successful student of insects,
+birds, flowers, shells, or rocks must love his work with a passionate
+ardor. He must almost be a man with a hobby.
+
+Now perhaps you will say, "I have not this enthusiasm, and therefore I
+shall not be successful." Let me tell you a secret. Nature herself
+inspires enthusiasm. You have but to work in any one of her departments,
+and you will learn to adore her. She is like a story-book. The first few
+pages, and especially the preface, are somewhat dry. But pretty soon, as
+the story opens up, you can hardly leave it for your meals or your
+sleep.
+
+The principal value of a herbarium is that one has it always on hand for
+reference when the living flower cannot be studied. After the summer
+comes winter. My young lady who threw away her flowers forgot their
+names during the winter. She could not help forgetting some of them, for
+the botanical names of flowers are often hard to learn, being composed
+of Latin or Greek words, or of proper names with Latin terminations; and
+sometimes it would seem that the smaller and more unpretentious the
+plant the longer and more jaw-breaking its name.
+
+When early spring comes, one can make a point of reviewing his herbarium
+and refreshing one's memory, so as to begin where he left off last fall.
+Thus each season's work is clear gain. The very labor necessary to make
+a herbarium impresses the flower and its peculiarities vividly upon the
+memory. If you handle and linger over your flowers, they will seem to
+you like pets whose sweet faces you cannot forget.
+
+You want your herbarium, then, for reference, just as you need an
+encyclopaedia in your library. You want it when the snow is on the ground
+and there is no "living nature" in the flower realm to study.
+
+Every page of the herbarium should look neat and pretty. In order to
+secure this result you must first know how to press your flowers. A
+flower once wilted can never be made to look nice on paper. It is
+therefore necessary to keep fresh the specimen you wish to preserve. You
+might carry a large book, and shut your flowers in it as soon as
+plucked. But that would be inconvenient. A better way is to buy a botany
+box and carry it with you in all your walks. You never know when you may
+find some new thing. The box is of tin, opening on one side, and it may
+hang by straps from your shoulder. If you lay a little wet moss inside,
+and close the door every time you lay in a flower, your plants will keep
+fresh in their cool dark nest for three or four days.
+
+To press them tear up newspapers into uniform sizes. Newspapers are
+porous, and absorb the moisture from plant stems and leaves better than
+brown wrapping-paper. Insert several leaves of the newspaper between the
+single flowers. When all are ready, place the whole pile between two
+boards, the same size as the papers (any carpenter will cut them for
+you), and lay the whole under a heavy weight, like a trunk or pile of
+large books. Once a day look over your plants, and put those not quite
+pressed into clean dry papers. The papers already used, unless badly
+stained, can be spread out, dried, and used again. The problem is how to
+dry the plant quickly and thoroughly. The quicker it is dried the better
+it retains its colors. The petals will fade, but careful pressing will
+make them look very well, not at all like hay. If the plant be taken out
+of its press too soon its leaves will wrinkle. Some delicate plants will
+dry in twenty-four hours' time, others take three or four days, or even
+a week.
+
+Have ready sheets of nice white paper. These you can get a printer to
+cut for you of uniform size. The regulation size is 17 by 11 inches. If
+the specimen be too long for the paper, bend the stem once or twice. A
+botanical specimen should include the whole stalk down to the root,
+unless, like some of the taller sunflowers, it be quite too long for the
+page. Place only one specimen on a page, and fasten it in several places
+with narrow strips of gummed paper. Last fall I had a bright idea. After
+the election I collected a number of unused ballot pasters. From these
+next summer I shall cut blank strips, already gummed, and I shall
+moisten them with a wet camel's-hair brush, and use them for my
+herbarium. Large leaves will stay down better if a drop of mucilage be
+placed in their centre. When the stem is very heavy I sew it with double
+thread tied on the under side, or I cut two small slits in my paper, and
+slip the stem through. As fast as sheets are prepared, leave them under
+a large book till the mucilage is dry. The page is then ready for
+labelling. Write now in the lower right-hand corner your own name, the
+botanical and common name of the flower, where and when found; or you
+can get labels with your name printed on them, which you can paste on
+the bottom of your page.
+
+  HERBARIUM OF J. BROWN.
+
+  _Caltha palustris_
+
+  (Marsh-Marigold).
+
+  IN MARSH NEAR BRIDGEPORT, MAY 3, 1894.
+
+The papers belonging to the same family should now be placed inside of
+family covers, made of still brown paper, and these again should be
+inclosed in a box. I use the boxes in which tailors send my husband's
+shirts and suits of clothes. On the cover of the box write the families
+which it contains. That plan facilitates finding any particular
+specimen. Certain families, as ferns and orchids, go well together;
+mints and figworts are allied. Composites should have a box to
+themselves, and the species should be gathered into genus covers.
+
+The botany gives directions for poisoning plants, if you are likely to
+be troubled with insects. Many of my mounted specimens are ten or twelve
+years old, yet I have never had any such annoyance. Therefore I do not
+poison my plants. I always use mucilage. Perhaps flour paste or starch
+would afford food for insects.
+
+It is pleasant to keep a flower calendar as part of the herbarium.
+Procure a diary, and note the day when you first find certain flowers.
+This, if kept several successive years, will show interesting variations
+of season, and of the time of the flowering of the same plants.
+
+For study of trees keep a leaf album. I know of no other way to learn
+the many species of oak and maple.
+
+The herbarium is never a finished book. Each year, as you visit
+different parts of the country, you will add to its beautiful pages. You
+may well show it to your friends with pride. It is an achievement, a
+monument of your industry, and proof of your knowledge. To yourself it
+will be a source of never-ending pleasure. Here a leaf will recall a
+visit to a friend, a trip to the mountains, or a month at the sea-side.
+This flower suggests a picnic, or a shady walk, or mountain stroll with
+choice companions. Turn to the herbarium on a day in January, when the
+wind and snow are having a merry dance outside, and you will see visions
+of sweet woods, fresh fields, and blooming wild flowers, biding their
+time, but sure to come again.
+
+
+
+
+THE RUNNING HIGH JUMP IN DETAIL.
+
+From instantaneous photographs of Mr. Baltazzi jumping.
+
+[Illustration: 3.]
+
+[Illustration: 2.]
+
+[Illustration: 1.]
+
+[Illustration: 6.]
+
+[Illustration: 5.]
+
+[Illustration: 4.]
+
+[Illustration: S. A. W. BALTAZZI.]
+
+[Illustration: 8.]
+
+[Illustration: 7.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: INTERSCHOLASTIC SPORT]
+
+
+The pictures on the opposite page are reproductions of instantaneous
+photographs taken especially for this Department of HARPER'S ROUND
+TABLE. They clearly show the exact position and form of an athlete at
+the various stages of action in the running high jump, and a careful
+study of them will prove of great usefulness to any one desirous of
+perfecting himself in this particular branch of out-door athletics. The
+striking feature of the series is that it proves that a man practically
+steps over the bar with one stride, instead of flying over it in a
+compact bunch as he appears to do when watched by the naked eye. But
+before describing the jump itself, it will be best to give certain
+general directions about the necessary lay-out, and a few points on
+preliminary work.
+
+In the first place, no one should start in to train for this event until
+after he is eleven or twelve years old. In fact, it is safe to say that
+no boy under this age ought ever to go into any kind of systematic
+athletic work, for his ambition is liable to lead him to injurious
+over-exertion. Don't do any high-jumping in the winter months; for
+running on a hard board floor is not a good thing, and you are apt to
+slip and get injured. If you want to take up jumping as a specialty,
+spend the winter, or the in-door season, in pulling weights so as to
+strengthen the back and chest, and in going through leg motions to
+fortify the limbs. No one can ever succeed as a high-jumper unless he
+has a well-developed chest and back. As will be seen later on, the
+strain on the dorsal muscles is practically what lifts the man over the
+bar. This sounds very much like lifting one's self up by the
+boot-straps, but it is nevertheless correct. The leg exercises are
+simple. There are two kinds. One is to lift yourself up on your toes.
+Start in by doing it about twenty-five times every day for a week; then
+increase the number until you get up to about three hundred times. An
+expert high-jumper can lift himself five hundred times without great
+fatigue. The second exercise is the "frog motion." This consists of
+placing the heels near together and of squatting and rising. Do this a
+few times only, to start with, and gradually bring yourself to the
+hundreds. Exercise the chest, as I have said before, with weights and
+dumbbells. Strengthen the back by bending over with the legs stiff, the
+arms thrown out in front until the finger-tips touch the floor easily.
+
+The jumping costume should consist of a jersey suit rather than of a
+linen blouse and trousers, because the knit goods cling to the form and
+keep the muscles warm. The trousers should never reach the knees, which
+have to be kept free. The feet are encased in shoes made of
+kangaroo-skin, laced in front like running shoes, and are worn without
+socks. The left shoe is made several ounces heavier than the right, and
+is about twice as heavy as a sprinter's foot-wear. The heel is made of
+quarter-inch sole leather, and has two spikes. Some men jump with one
+spike in the middle of the heel, but this is very bad, because when the
+jumper alights his heel bone pounds on the spike and soon raises a stone
+bruise. If you have two spikes fixed at the extremities of diagonals
+drawn through the centre of the heel this bruising is easily avoided.
+There are no spikes on the heel of the right shoe, but the heel itself
+is made slightly thicker. In the toes of both shoes there should be six
+spikes.
+
+A great many athletes who have gone in for high jumping have abandoned
+the sport after a few weeks of training because of sore heels. They
+should remember that the heel must be toughened as well as the other
+muscles, but as soon as it begins to feel sore, rest until it is in good
+condition again. A good way to avoid soreness of the heel and ankle is
+to keep that part of the foot thickly painted with iodine all the time.
+Keep the ankle absolutely black for several months, until the muscles
+there have become so tough and strong that there is no danger of
+straining or bruising. For the leg muscles, rubbing with alcohol is
+good, but do not resort to this too frequently. And in order to have the
+leg muscles in the best of condition, do not indulge in the frog motion
+and other exercises for a week or two previous to a match.
+
+For practice the jumper should have two square posts about two inches
+thick, made of almost any kind of wood, and bored with holes one inch
+apart up to five feet eight inches, and half an inch apart above that.
+The pegs should be three inches long, and the bar, made of pine, should
+be about twelve feet long and one inch square. The posts are placed
+eight feet apart, and it is usual to hang a handkerchief over the centre
+of the crossbar, so that it can be seen better. A jumper must _always_
+keep his eye on the bar from the time he starts to run until he lands
+safely on the other side. The runway should be eight feet wide and about
+forty feet long. It should be made of cinders, well rolled, and ought to
+be kept dampened so as to make it springy. Beyond the posts the earth
+should be turned over and raked, so as to make a soft landing-place.
+
+There is no rule about how far off from the bar a jumper should start to
+run. The nearer the better, because less power is then wasted on the
+approach. In No. 1 the jumper has just started. He takes an easy gait at
+first, with his eye fixed on the bar, and he regulates his speed and his
+step so as to come to the "take-off" with his left foot. In jumping all
+the work is done with the left foot. A good way for a beginner to
+determine how far from the bar to take-off is to stand before it on one
+foot and lift the other until he can touch the cross-piece with his
+toes. He takes-off as far back as he can thus place one foot and touch
+the bar with the other. This distance from the base line between the
+posts to the take-off is usually equal to the height of the bar from the
+ground.
+
+As the jumper approaches the bar he runs as fast as he can, and in
+picture No. 2 he reaches the take-off with his left foot. His heel
+strikes first (as may clearly be seen from the heavy mark underneath
+it), and gives the power for the jump. The toe merely gives direction to
+the motion imparted by the heel and the big shin muscle which connects
+with the heel. The leap has now begun, and with the right foot rising
+the jumper begins to sail over the bar. His line of travel is a perfect
+semicircle, beginning at the take-off, and ending in the soft ground on
+the other side at exactly the same distance from the base-line of the
+posts. No. 3 shows him still rising from the ground, his right foot
+giving the direction of the leap. The muscles of the arms and back are
+now just coming into play to raise the torso and the left leg--and all
+the time the eye is firmly fixed on the bar. In No. 4 the right foot is
+just passing over the handkerchief, and the arms and back are seen
+straining with the exertion of bringing up the left leg. Notice that
+muscle of the neck. It connects with the muscles of the side and
+abdomen, and these harden like steel to force the quick motion that has
+to be made to lift that side of the body. The strain on this neck muscle
+and the working of the back and arms are even better displayed in No. 5,
+where the left leg is almost up, and is about to clear the bar.
+Considerable practice is required for this motion, because it has to be
+done very quickly. The left foot has to be brought in very close to the
+right thigh, and yet the sharp spikes must be kept from tearing the
+flesh. Note how the eye is constantly on the bar.
+
+In the next picture, No. 6, the bar has been cleared, the whole body is
+over, and the right leg has dropped. It is now no more used, except as a
+balance to the body, the entire work of the jump, as before stated,
+being done with the left leg. The jumper's eye is still fixed on the
+bar, and not until he is well over it, as shown in No. 7, does he remove
+his gaze. As he clears the stick his back muscles give a twist to his
+flying form, and his right arm thrown into the air aids him in turning,
+so that he will fall facing the bar. The left leg has now passed the
+right, and is making ready to sustain the weight of the body on landing,
+while the right is thrust slightly backward to sustain a proper
+equilibrium. The strain on the back and arms is relaxed. In No. 8 he is
+just about to land, and the camera has given us a beautiful display of
+the looseness of the arm muscles, showing the right arm still in the air
+and about to drop as soon as the feet strike the ground. The body is
+lying along the curve of the semicircle through which the jump has been
+made.
+
+The bar in all these pictures was at 5 ft. 8 in., and each photograph
+necessitated a separate jump. This alone is enough to show in what
+excellent form the young athlete worked, for a kinetoscope could not
+have caught his separate actions in one leap to better effect than these
+photographs have shown them in eight different leaps. The ninth picture
+is a portrait of the clever young athlete, who is shown in action in all
+the others. He is S. A. W. Baltazzi, of the Harvard School of this city,
+who holds the interscholastic high-jumping record not only of the
+N.Y.I.S.A.A., but of the United States. At the Interscholastics last May
+he cleared 5 ft. 11 in., but since then he has covered 6 ft. in
+practice, and I have no doubt that he will defeat the Englishman who is
+coming over to represent the London Athletic Club at the international
+games this fall. Baltazzi is seventeen years old, and weighs 135 pounds.
+He began jumping while at St. Paul's School, Garden City, in 1891, and
+won first in a school competition with 4 ft. 9 in. At the school games
+of 1892 he took first, with a jump of 5 ft. 1/2 in., and in 1893, as a
+member of the Harvard School, he established the in-door scholastic
+record of 5 ft. 3-1/2 in., at the Berkeley School winter games. The
+following year, at the same games, he raised the record to 5 ft. 6-1/2
+in., and subsequently took first in the Wilson and Kellogg games with a
+jump of 5 ft. 5 in. At the Interscholastics of 1894, Baltazzi and Rogers
+tied for first place at 5 ft. 9 in., breaking Fearing's Interscholastic
+record of 5 ft. 8-1/2 in. In September of that year he won first at
+Travers Island, jumping 5 ft. 7 in., and later in the winter he took
+first in the Barnard games with 5 ft. 8 in. Having taken first in the
+Berkeley, Poly. Prep., and Columbia College handicap games of 1895, he
+lifted the Interscholastic mark up to 5 ft. 11 in. at the Berkeley Oval
+in May. The following week, at the Inter-city games, he cleared 5 ft.
+10-1/4 in., and took first at the N.Y.A.C. spring games with the same
+figure. Baltazzi expects to enter Columbia College this fall; and if he
+does, there are five points sure for the New-Yorkers at Mott Haven for
+some years to come.
+
+[Illustration: G. B. FEARING'S FORM IN HIGH JUMPING.]
+
+The picture printed on this page is a reproduction of a photograph taken
+of G. B. Fearing, the Harvard high jumper, in 1892. Fearing held the
+record of the N.Y.I.S.A.A. until Rogers and Baltazzi broke it in 1894.
+His form was entirely different from Baltazzi's. As he clears the bar in
+this picture, both his feet appear to be curled up under his body, and
+his head is thrown forward and down. He seems to be almost reclining on
+his side, whereas Baltazzi makes the leap with his body practically
+perpendicular, although he necessarily bends forward in the motion which
+lifts the torso over the stick. Fearing's form as displayed in this
+photograph does not give the same idea of power and assurance as that
+shown by Baltazzi.
+
+The prospects for record-breaking in the N.Y.I.S.A.A. next year are not
+very bright, for most of the record-breakers are leaving school. Besides
+Baltazzi, Tappin, the mile runner of Cutler's winning team, will go to
+Columbia. Yale will get Meehan, who is a clever half-miler, Ayres, the
+hammer-and-shot man of Condon's, Powell, the bicyclist, and Hackett, the
+mile walker. The first three in this last group hold United States
+interscholastic records in their events. Princeton's track team will no
+doubt secure three of Barnard's best athletes, Syme, Simpson, and Moore,
+whereas Harvard will only get one good man from the N.Y.I.S.A.A.,
+Irwin-Martin. Cowperthwaite, broad jumper, and Beers, who holds the high
+hurdling record, will also leave school for college. This will make room
+for new men, and ought to be a good thing for the association.
+
+A correspondent suggests that the schools of New York--and I don't see
+why it would not be just as good an idea for schools of other
+cities--hold an interscholastic bicycle meet this fall. At first thought
+this sounds like a very good scheme. There are few scholars,
+comparatively, who are strong enough, or who have the inclination to
+play football, and now that use of the bicycle has become so universal
+these could devote the fall season to preparation for a bicycle contest.
+Far be it from my intention to suggest to even the weakest
+football-player that he give up the gridiron for the bicycle; but I have
+seen so many young men standing around football fields watching the
+game, with no ability or desire to participate in it, that I welcome the
+suggestion of making the autumn a bicycle season too.
+
+It is very probable that the inter-collegiate association will do away
+with bicycles at the Mott Haven games next spring. If they do, the
+interscholastic associations will no doubt follow suit, and then the
+wheelmen will find themselves, to a certain extent, out of it, if they
+have not already prepared for separate contests. It is right that
+bicycle events should be excluded from track and field meetings, because
+a running track is not the proper place for a bicycle race. Bicycle
+races, however, ought not to be given up entirely or left to
+professionals, because such racing is productive of good sport. The best
+course to pursue under the circumstances, then, is to have a meet
+especially for bicyclists. I am sure there are enough wheelmen in the
+schools to make it worth while, and the fall season with cold days and
+bracing air is just the time for such sport.
+
+If a bicycle field day cannot be gotten up this fall, there is no reason
+why there should not be an interscholastic road race. The executive
+committee of the N.Y.I.S.A.A. could easily arrange such a contest, and
+offer a pennant to the winning school. Let each school of the
+association enter two riders, and let the managers of the race adopt a
+course. This can be easily done by looking over the back numbers of
+Harper's Round Table, and choosing a good road from one of the many
+bicycle maps of the vicinity of New York that have recently been
+printed. This would be a novelty in the way of school contests, in this
+section at least, although it is quite a common event with the
+California school associations.
+
+  THE GRADUATE.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: STAMPS]
+
+     This Department is conducted in the interest of stamp and coin
+     collectors, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question
+     on these subjects so far as possible. Correspondents should
+     address Editor Stamp Department.
+
+
+Thirty years ago there were probably fifty coin-collectors where there
+is one to-day. As a consequence coins have now little value unless they
+are, first, coins of great rarity; or, second, scarce coins in
+absolutely uncirculated condition, or "mint state."
+
+Dealers in coins whom I have questioned say that there is very little
+demand, and that in many instances they sell coins now at a lower price
+than they would have paid for them a generation ago. Further, if coins
+could be sold as quickly as stamps, they could afford to sell them at an
+even lower price. As it is, the interest on the capital locked up in
+stock and the cost of doing business are so large, that they make very
+little profit. The common obsolete coins (except U. S.) are bought by
+the dealers at the price of old metal. There is no money in collecting
+coin, but lots of fun.
+
+     JOS. GOLDSMITH.--The green 5c. Confederate unused is sold by
+     dealers at 50c. The value of common stamps by the million depends
+     on the assortment. If there is a fair quantity of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
+     6, 8, 10, and 15c., etc., they bring a good price. For 1c. and 2c.
+     only there is little demand. Dealers' addresses are not given in
+     this column.
+
+     HELEN MACKAY.--The used 3d. Canada unperforated is quoted in
+     catalogues at 20c. on wove paper, $1 on laid paper, $1.50 on
+     ribbed paper.
+
+     L. M. I.--The current blue special-delivery is printed from the
+     same dies as the previous blue, but the lines have been deepened
+     and two cross lines added under the words TEN and CENTS.
+
+     WILLIE K.--No premium on the coins. The stamp is the 3c. blue 1869
+     U. S.
+
+     G. TARLETON.--U. S. fractional currency has no value beyond face
+     unless it is absolutely uncirculated. There ought to be a demand
+     for these interesting war relics, but practically there is none.
+     Dealers sell them at a small advance over face.
+
+     D. R. O'SULLIVAN.--There is no premium on the coins mentioned.
+     Rare coins if worn by use have very little value. High prices are
+     paid for rare coins if in "mint state," that is the condition when
+     the coins are new and uncirculated.
+
+     A. E. BARRON, Tarrytown, N. Y., wants to correspond and trade with
+     stamp-collectors. He has the beginning of a good collection.
+
+     H. B. THAW.--The Bloods Penny Post is catalogued at 50c. There are
+     three varieties of the Bloods Despatch worth from 15c. to $4 each.
+     The Adams Express is not a stamp. It is probably a trade-mark.
+
+     R. CRAIG.--State Revenues, as a rule, are collected only in the
+     State using them. General collectors do not buy them, and
+     consequently they are not catalogued.
+
+     A. LOWKOWSKY.--The letter-sheets will no longer be made. There are
+     eight main varieties--series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and the first
+     issue without series number. They are not classed as stamps, but
+     as envelopes, and envelopes are not collected as generally as
+     adhesive stamps. I believe you can buy the $3, $4, and $5
+     Columbian stamps at face from the Washington, D.C., Post-office.
+
+     R. G. HUGHES.--It is a Colombian revenue stamp. These stamps are
+     not generally collected except in Colombia, and hence no value can
+     be given. Your sketch is admirably well done.
+
+     R. MOODY.--The stamp is the 3c. 1869 U. S., and is sold by dealers
+     at 2c. The coin has no premium.
+
+     LEWIS E. B.--If the coins are in mint condition the dealers will
+     probably buy at a premium. If not uncirculated they are worth face
+     only.
+
+     L. KENTON.--The coin and bank token do not command a premium.
+
+     P. B. EVANS.--The 10c. U. S. you mention is the 1861 issue if not
+     grilled. If grilled it is the 1868 issue. Your questions as to
+     values have been answered several times in this column. You can
+     get a late catalogue of any dealer at a small price.
+
+     M. N.--If in mint condition the dealers will buy, otherwise they
+     are worth face only.
+
+     ROBERT CRAIG.--Not worth more than face.
+
+     G. L. MURPHY.--Not generally collected in the U. S., hence no
+     value can be quoted.
+
+     A. MITTEL.--The coin is probably the William III. of England. The
+     stamp is the current 2c. postage-due.
+
+     A. BEE.--The unused U. S. and British North American Colonies
+     stamps issued before 1865 are all advancing in price rapidly. The
+     used stamps are also advancing, but slowly.
+
+     J. WOLFERT.--If the stamps you mention are in good condition I
+     would advise you to sell them by auction. Rarities bring a higher
+     price when all the big collectors compete for them. Common stamps,
+     on the other hand, do not bring catalogue price at auction.
+
+     W. J. HOLBECK.--The Mobile 5c. blue is quoted at $7.50. If on the
+     envelope do not take it off.
+
+     J. ADAMS.--The present $1 black U. S., it is said, will soon be
+     printed in another color. The 8c. with triangular ornaments is on
+     sale at many offices. No copies have yet been seen with the
+     white-framed triangular ornaments.
+
+     FRANK T.--Almost any dealer can supply you with a complete set of
+     the U. S. stamps (cancelled) showing die varieties between
+     1870-1882. It consists of the 1c., 3c., 6c., 7c., 10c., and 12c.,
+     and, counting shades, numbers about twenty stamps. Prices vary.
+
+     M. C. WRIGHT.--The best way is to go to responsible stamp-dealers,
+     look over their stock, and take no damaged stamps at any price,
+     however low.
+
+     ROUND TABLE.--I do not know to what "1894 penny" you refer. The
+     dimes have no premium.
+
+     S. T. DODD.--Yes. The present issue of U. S. will probably all be
+     printed on water-marked paper.
+
+  PHILATUS.
+
+
+
+
+War-time Memories.
+
+
+     My grandmamma is an old lady, and lived in Atlanta, Ga., at the
+     time Sherman and his soldiers, on their famous march to the sea,
+     took possession of that city. She buried her plate and valuables
+     under the house. Her husband was away in the service of the
+     Confederate Army, and she was left alone with two or three little
+     children.
+
+     One night two young officers came and knocked on the door,
+     demanding admittance, which she refused. They grew angry and made
+     some terrible threats. Grandmamma had an army musket in the house.
+     She told them if they didn't desist she would fire through the
+     door at them. After some further parley they left. But they
+     returned the next morning and told her she was the spunkiest
+     little woman they ever saw.
+
+     One day grandmamma received some fresh sausage from the country.
+     Presently in entered a man wearing the blue. He took those sausage
+     and stuffed his pockets full. On the table was a large sugar-bowl,
+     filled. He picked it up and carried it away, dipping the raw
+     sausage in the sugar and eating it.
+
+     Finally, grandmamma obtained guards to protect the house. One cold
+     night one of the guards was dozing in front of the fire when in
+     stalked a huge Indian. Planting himself in front of the fire, he
+     began to act and talk in a shocking way. The guard promptly
+     ejected him.
+
+     Such were a few of the many experiences of my grandmother during
+     the "times that tried men's souls."
+
+     Correspondents wanted.
+
+  HARRY R. WHITCOMB.
+  UMATILLA, FLA.
+
+
+
+
+On the La Viga Canal.
+
+
+     I will tell you about our big canal, La Viga. At the park called
+     the "Zocalo" one takes the tram. After going through a good many
+     dirty streets the tram lands you at the "Embarcadero," a clean
+     spot, where you get into flat-boats that look like barges. The
+     first town you come to is called Jamaica. Here there are lots of
+     canoes filled with vegetables, which are very cheap indeed. Along
+     the route you usually meet women in canoes selling tamales. These
+     are made of corn boiled, crushed, some "chile" added, and then the
+     whole put into cornhusks. They are good eating. The next town you
+     come to is Santa Anita, where you get off, if you wish, eat some
+     tamales, and drink some pulque. Leaving Santa Anita, you reach, a
+     little way out, what used to be floating gardens--now delightful
+     places for picnics.
+
+  R. L. MILLER, JUN.
+  CITY OF MEXICO.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS.
+
+
+
+
+Highest of all in Leavening Power.--Latest U. S. Gov't Report.
+
+[Illustration: Royal Baking Powder]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: If afflicted with SORE EYES USE Dr. ISAAC THOMPSON'S EYE
+WATER]
+
+
+
+
+HARPER'S NEW CATALOGUE,
+
+Thoroughly revised, classified, and indexed, will be sent by mail to any
+address on receipt of ten cents.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Copyright, 1895, by Harper & Brothers]
+
+[Illustration: BICYCLING]
+
+     This Department is conducted in the interest of Bicyclers, and the
+     Editor will be pleased to answer any question on the subject. Our
+     maps and tours contain much valuable data kindly supplied from the
+     official maps and road-books of the League of American Wheelmen.
+     Recognizing the value of the work being done by the L. A. W. the
+     Editor will be pleased to furnish subscribers with membership
+     blanks and information so far as possible.
+
+
+The map this week shows the macadamized and asphalted streets in
+Philadelphia and its vicinity; and for all bicycle-riders who live near
+the Quaker City, or who think of going there, this map will prove of
+great value. It will be very easily seen that Philadelphia is eminently
+adapted to bicycling. In the first place, Broad Street runs from League
+Island entirely through the city, and out to the Willow Grove turnpike
+on the north. To get in and out of Philadelphia either to the south or
+the north, therefore, one needs but to take the shortest route to Broad
+Street, which is kept in admirable condition. Furthermore, one can get
+with the utmost ease to the river--_i. e._, the Delaware--by turning
+from Broad Street either down Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, or Pine.
+The Market Street ferry is perhaps best reached by taking Chestnut
+Street, and then turning a block north just before reaching the river.
+
+In making this map it has been found advisable, for the better clearness
+of the reproduction, to omit a good many unimportant streets in the
+heart of the city. Every asphalted or macadamized street in Philadelphia
+is given, but in many cases other streets are omitted, or every
+alternate street is given. The wheelman who studies the map may very
+likely count a certain number of blocks on the map to the place where he
+wishes to go, and in that case he would be somewhat mystified in making
+this map agree with his count. Names are given in the case of macadam or
+asphalt streets, and you have only to watch for those names on the signs
+to find any place in the city and to keep the situation before your
+eyes.
+
+Within the next few weeks we intend to publish certain of the best trips
+in the vicinity of Philadelphia, and it will be important to study this
+map, in connection with those, to discover the best method of getting
+out of the city in different directions. For example, to get out to
+Fairmount Park from the public buildings, run north on Broad Street from
+the buildings to Spring Garden Street, thence turning left, proceed to
+or across the river--the Schuylkill. In either case, turn to the right
+immediately before or after crossing, and the run is direct to the park.
+By not crossing, and following the river up through the park, you will
+come to the Wissahickon road. By crossing, and running out Belmont
+Avenue, you get into Montgomery County, and so out of the city.
+Germantown may be reached by the Wissahickon road or by keeping straight
+to the northward on Broad Street until you reach Tioga Street. Turning
+left into this, you soon run into the Chestnut Hill road, and can keep
+to this until entering Germantown at School Lane. All through
+Germantown, and out to the north and westward there are beautiful roads
+of macadam that it is a pleasure to ride over.
+
+Turning in the other direction, the rider, by bearing to the right into
+Rising Sun Lane from Broad Street, will have a clear course out of
+Philadelphia to the northeastward. By turning right into Lehigh Avenue,
+and continuing over Belgian block pavement to Kensington Avenue, he will
+run into Frankford, which is the way he has come from New York. The
+roads out of Camden on the other side of the Delaware are clearly
+marked. Crossing the Market Street ferry, you go south by Broadway or
+north by Pea Shore road, and by studying the map the rider will see
+where are the best roads for reaching Essington, Derby, Lansdown, and
+Haverford on the southwest.
+
+     Note.--Map of New York city asphalted streets in No. 809. Map of
+     route from New York to Tarrytown in No. 810. New York to Stamford,
+     Connecticut, in No. 811. New York to Staten Island in No. 812. New
+     Jersey from Hoboken to Pine Brook in No. 813. Brooklyn in No. 814.
+     Brooklyn to Babylon in No. 815. Brooklyn to Northport in No. 816.
+     Tarrytown to Poughkeepsie in No. 817. Poughkeepsie to Hudson in
+     No. 818. Hudson to Albany in No. 819. Tottenville to Trenton in
+     820. Trenton to Philadelphia in 821.
+
+
+
+
+SPEED.
+
+
+One who has made a study of the subject states that the average rates of
+speed attained by certain travelling things, are as follows: A man walks
+three miles an hour; a horse trots seven; steamboats run eighteen;
+sailing vessels make ten; slow rivers flow four; rapid rivers flow
+seven; storms move thirty-six; hurricanes, eighty; a rifle ball, one
+thousand miles a minute; sound, eleven hundred and forty-three; light,
+one hundred and ninety thousand; electricity, two hundred and eighty
+thousand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A GOOD CHILD
+
+is usually healthy, and both conditions are developed by use of proper
+food. The Gail Borden Eagle Brand Condensed Milk is the best infant's
+food; so easily prepared that improper feeding is inexcusable and
+unnecessary.--[_Adv._]
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS.
+
+
+
+
+Arnold
+
+Constable & Co.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SPECIAL.
+
+Manufacturer's Sample Pieces
+
+Fine Swiss, Nainsook, and Cambric
+
+EMBROIDERIES
+
+33-1/3% Under Regular Prices.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Broadway & 19th st.
+
+NEW YORK.
+
+
+
+
+Walter Baker & Co. Limited.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Largest Manufacturers of
+
+PURE, HIGH GRADE
+
+COCOAS and CHOCOLATES
+
+On this Continent, have received
+
+HIGHEST AWARDS
+
+from the great
+
+Industrial and Food
+
+EXPOSITIONS
+
+IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=Caution:= In view of the many imitations of the labels and wrappers on
+our goods, consumers should make sure that our place of manufacture,
+namely, =Dorchester, Mass.=, is printed on each package.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SOLD BY GROCERS EVERYWHERE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WALTER BAKER & CO. LTD. DORCHESTER, MASS.
+
+
+
+
+COLUMBIA
+
+QUALITY
+
+[Illustration]
+
+always maintained. Far more Columbia bicycles than ever this year. Far
+more care that no imperfect Columbias go out.
+
+=$100 for a Columbia means $200 of pleasure and satisfaction.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Pope Manufacturing Co.
+
+General Offices and Factories, Hartford, Conn.
+
+BRANCH STORES: Boston, New York, Chicago, Providence, Philadelphia,
+Buffalo, Brooklyn, Baltimore, Washington, San Francisco.
+
+
+
+
+Postage Stamps, &c.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+100 all dif. Venezuela, Costa Rica, etc., only 10c.; 200 all dif. Hayti,
+Hawaii, etc., only 50c. Ag'ts wanted at 50 per ct. com. List FREE!
+
+=C. A. Stegmann=, 2722 Eads Av., St. Louis, Mo.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+=STAMPS!= =300= fine mixed Victoria, Cape of G. H., India, Japan, etc.,
+with fine Stamp Album, only =10c.= New 80-p. Price-list =free=. _Agents
+wanted_ at =50%= commission. STANDARD STAMP CO., 4 Nicholson Place, St.
+Louis, Mo. Old U. S. and Confederate Stamps bought.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+WONDER CABINET =FREE=. Missing Link Puzzle, Devil's Bottle, Pocket
+Camera, Latest Wire Puzzle, Spook Photos, Book of Sleight of Hand, Total
+Value 60c. Sent free with immense catalogue of 1000 Bargains for 10c.
+for postage.
+
+INGERSOLL & BRO., 65 Cortlandt Street N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: If afflicted with SORE EYES USE Dr. ISAAC THOMPSON'S EYE
+WATER]
+
+
+
+
+HARPER'S PERIODICALS.
+
+Per Year:
+
+  HARPER'S MAGAZINE        _Postage Free_, $4.00
+  HARPER'S WEEKLY                 "         4.00
+  HARPER'S BAZAR                  "         4.00
+  HARPER'S ROUND TABLE            "         2.00
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Booksellers and Postmasters usually receive subscriptions.
+Subscriptions sent direct to the publishers should be accompanied by
+Post-office Money Order or Draft._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HARPER & BROTHERS, Franklin Square, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+A Good Natural History Morsel.
+
+
+     Vacation and moth-time come hand in hand the first week in July.
+     The boys of the neighborhood come yelling from school to eat
+     supper and go to bed to be up at six o'clock. At six o'clock
+     around comes a man with a leather pouch filled with carbon sticks.
+     One by one the boys, some on bicycles, some on foot, begin to
+     follow him. Let us suppose we have joined the procession. We come
+     to an electric light. As the light is let down the boys begin to
+     jump up and down, yell, push, etc., to get first pick.
+
+     The man takes a fine brush and quickly cleans the globe. As the
+     insects fall to the ground there is a general scramble. We are
+     lucky enough to get a fine specimen of a Luna, and start for home
+     to save us from getting mobbed. One of the most common of the
+     large moths found in the globes is the Luna (_Attacus luna_). The
+     spread of the wings is from three to four inches. The general
+     color is a beautiful tint of green. The edges of the fore wings
+     are brown, the streak crossing the body. There are four eye spots,
+     one on each wing. A white furry body and light golden antennae
+     complete the colors of this beautiful, delicate moth.
+
+     Another of the beautiful moths is the Cecropia (_Attacus
+     cecropia_). The general color is a beautiful brown, and the usual
+     eye spots are prevalent. The Io (_Saturnia Io_) is a rival of the
+     Luna in beauty. It is of a deep yellow with purplish-red markings
+     and the usual eye spots. The Attacus Prometheus and Polyphemous
+     moths are occasionally found in the globe. The most common victims
+     are the Sphinx moths, who have a very long name, _Macroscla
+     quinquemaculata_.
+
+  ALBERT W. ATWATER, R.T.K.
+  SPRINGFIELD, Mass.
+
+
+
+
+Facts About Alaskan Indians
+
+
+Some time since, Sir Knight James F. Rodgers, of Tiffin, Ohio, wrote us:
+"A man gave an illustrated lecture on Alaska at our school-house. He
+said, 'That when a girl arrives at the age of fourteen she is taken to
+the mountains and confined in a house for one year; when a girl arrives
+at the age of eighteen her parents put a wooden button in her lower lip;
+that the people worship the white crow.' Are these statements true?"
+
+In reply, Mr. O. T. Mason, Curator of the Department of Ethnology in the
+National Museum, Washington, very kindly says: "I take special pleasure
+in answering the inquiries of James F. Rodgers, of Tiffin, Ohio. He may
+have misunderstood the lecturer somewhat, and, therefore, without
+characterizing it, say, first, that among all savage tribes in the world
+there is a custom of separating young women when they come to be of
+marriageable age. These customs differ from tribe to tribe, and the
+length of time of their separation varies. There are no high mountains
+in Alaska, and one year seems to be rather a long period, yet the
+general fact remains; secondly, a button of wood, or ivory, or stone,
+called a labret, is placed in the lower lip of girls, in some tribes of
+boys, in other of both. Among the Eskimo and the Indians of Alaska, as
+the child grows older and the orifice becomes enlarged, a stone or block
+of wood of greater and greater size is inserted, until I have seen a
+block at least 2-1/2 inches in diameter taken from the lip of an old
+woman. The Botocudos of South America, on the Amazon, are especially
+curious in this regard, for they not only insert enormous blocks in
+their lips, but also in the lobe of the ear, until it falls upon the
+shoulder; thirdly, as to the worship of the Alaskan natives, it should
+be said that there are two kinds of natives in Alaska--Eskimo and
+Indians. The Eskimo have one sort of primitive religion, the Indians
+quite another sort. It does not convey exactly the right idea to us that
+the natives worship anything, certainly it is very far from the truth to
+say that anybody in Alaska worships the white crow.
+
+"The Indians of Alaska, like the other Indians of America, are divided
+up in their tribal relations into bands or clans called 'Totems,' and
+these are generally named after some prominent animal of the region.
+Great respect is paid to these animals, and frequently the clan refrains
+from eating the whole or a portion of the totemic animal. It is a very
+interesting study. I cannot find out that the Eskimos have any definite
+names for the objects of which they stand in awe. They have among them a
+class of men called 'Shammans,' who believe in spirits and practise
+certain rules for the influencing and controlling these spirits. The
+same worship is common all over Siberia and northern Europe. None of
+these people have an organized form of worship. Such a thing would be
+impossible in a country so forlorn and cold."
+
+
+
+
+Kinks.
+
+
+No. 90.--BEN BOLT. (_A NEW VERSION._)
+
+THIRTY PROPER NAMES CONCEALED.
+
+
+  O don't you remember old Sally, Ben Bolt,
+    Old Sally whose hair was so red,
+  Her matutinal cry of "Buy any shad?"
+    Racked our ears till we wished we were dead.
+  In a small back yard off the alley, Ben Bolt,
+    The miserly fish-wife of yore
+  Sits nursing her hord, while she counts once again
+    The same sheckles she counted before.
+
+  O don't you remember the streamlet, Ben Bolt,
+    Where the boys that played hookey from school
+  Sat snug on the banks eating taffy and pie,
+    Or bathed in the clear crystal pool.
+  But next day, perhaps, you remember, Ben Bolt,
+    We would fain for a bed negotiate,
+  Our respective papas had the evening before
+    Plied the rod at so lively a rate.
+
+  O don't you remember our teacher, Ben Bolt,
+    The man so averse to all fun?
+  No ham bone or sparerib sent up to our rooms
+    But he sniffed it and took it away.
+  Near the church round the corner they've laid him at last,
+    Where the willows 'n sympathy wave,
+  And the mocking-bird, chorister meet for a Czar,
+    Gently warbles a dirge o'er his grave.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 91.--PECULIAR WORD SQUARE.
+
+  1       10       11       2
+  4        *        *       3
+  5        *        *       6
+  8        9       12       7
+
+   1 to  2 is exalted reputation.
+   3 to  4 is one of the surfaces of a solid.
+   5 to  6 is a strain sung by a single voice.
+   7 to  8 is to repose or recline from labor.
+   1 to  8 is a snug abode.
+   9 to 10 is a summer drink extensively used.
+  11 to 12 is equivalent to 320 rods.
+   7 to  2 is a well-known and beautiful flower.
+
+  M. BEEMAN STOUT.
+  LYONS.
+
+
+
+
+Answers to Kinks.
+
+No. 89.
+
+   1. "Elm."--Holmes.
+   2. "Chestnut."--Holmes.
+   3. "Norway pines; larches."--Phebe Cary.
+   4. "Chestnuts."--Holmes.
+   5. "Spice-trees."--Holmes.
+   6. "Pine-tree."--Whittier.
+   7. "Pines."--Paul Hamilton Hayne.
+   8. "Pine-trees; oaks."--J. T. Trowbridge.
+   9. "Willow."--Holmes.
+  10. "Pine; elm."--Holmes.
+  11. "Hemlock."--Holmes.
+  12. "Hemlock-tree; hemlock-tree."--Longfellow.
+
+
+
+
+Rabbits and Water
+
+
+     Victor Gage wanted to know the experience of others who have kept
+     rabbits. I have kept them for the last five years. I find that
+     they will not drink water if you feed them on clover, grass,
+     cabbage, lettuce, turnip tops, and other green plants. There is
+     always a little dew on this food. If there is much dew, they will
+     get enough water to last them all day, and often for three or four
+     days. On the other hand, if you feed them on dry food, such as
+     hay, oats, corn, stale bread, and other dry things, they will
+     generally drink water about two or three times a week, and
+     sometimes every day.
+
+     I keep my rabbits in a house somewhat like the one Mr. Chase
+     illustrated in the Round Table some weeks ago. When it rains and
+     the rabbits are thirsty, they will lick the drops of rain as they
+     run down the wire netting. I think that if Mr. Gage feeds his
+     rabbits on the dry food mentioned for four or five days and then
+     give them water, he will be convinced that rabbits do drink.
+
+  LION GARDINER.
+  CONCORD, N. H.
+
+
+
+
+Questions and Answers.
+
+
+Vincent V. M. Beede, East Orange, N. J., asks some members to describe
+some less common games of dominoes, and tell the origin of the game
+croquet. Let's have them in the form of morsels for printing. L. V.
+Riddle, 13 Roanoke Avenue, Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass., is interested
+in botany, and wants to hear from Albert W. Atwater and all young
+naturalists and botanists. Ralph Cain, 1041 Santa Fe Street, Atchison,
+Kan., thinks it would be a capital idea to form an electrician Chapter
+about the Table, and would like to have other members join him. He hopes
+to become an electrical engineer--an excellent direction for one's
+ambition just now, we think, for electricity is to be the motive power
+of the future far more than it is now. Knights of to-day who reach their
+threescore and ten in due time will see steam supplanted by it on our
+railways. Sir Ralph will find Callaud cells, duplicated for strength,
+the battery most used for sustained power. The arc light is the result
+of frictional not chemical electricity.
+
+W. D. S.: What is the simplest and cheapest form of electric battery
+depends upon the use for which the battery is needed. Electricians use
+the blue-stone for telegraph or closed-circuit work; sal-ammoniac or
+Leclanche and other open-circuit batteries for electric bells and
+burglar-alarms; acid batteries, such as Grenet, Bunsen, and others, for
+electro-plating, and dry batteries for medical use. The cost is from
+$1.50 to $5 per cell. Books on electricity are divided into subjects.
+For instance, Ayrton's _Practical Electricity_ is a series of lectures
+for students, $2.50, while Mayer's work, at $3.50, treats wholly of
+telegraphy. Ask J. H. Bunnell & Co., 76 Cortlandt Street, N. Y., for
+their catalogue, which they send free if you mention the Round Table.
+Mary Newell Eaton, 197 South Lafayette Street, Grand Rapids. Mich.,
+wants in-door games for persons of sixteen to twenty. She also wants to
+hear from any member who has visited or who now lives in Italy or China.
+She may send us the morsel she mentions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Joseph H. Durant hopes we will publish a story every other week that
+young artists may illustrate. We could hardly find space for one so
+often, but we intend to offer some prizes for illustrations. Conditions
+will be announced soon. Sir Joseph must learn to use India ink or
+water-colors (black only). Pencil cannot be reproduced at all, and
+crayon but poorly. John H. Campbell, Jun., 413 School Lane, Germantown,
+Philadelphia, Pa., wants to receive sample copies of amateur papers, to
+join corresponding clubs, and to hear from members in Germantown with a
+view of forming a local Chapter.
+
+Smith Phillips sends us some odd epitaphs from tombstones in a cemetery
+at Brownsville, Pa. Such oddities are in many similar yards. It is in
+this cemetery, by-the-way, that the parents of James G. Blaine are
+interred. Speaking of cemeteries, can any one tell us why we use single
+slabs set up at the head of the grave, while in England and France,
+countries from which we borrowed most of our customs, one sees quite
+different marks of graves? Where did we get our idea? Who can tell the
+Table?
+
+Ronald Chipchase thinks we should add swimming to our list of all-around
+sport events when we offer another medal. Lloyd Thomas asks how to make
+a simple telescope for use in studying astronomy. Better not make it at
+all. One that is of any real use can only be made by an expert, and is
+expensive. G. D. Galloway, Oakwood Place, Eau Claire, Wis., publishes
+the _Albermarle_, and wants to send you a sample. It is a neat
+eight-page amateur paper. Will Fred Hawthorne tell us about the fruits
+of Jamaica--what ones are ripe when he writes. Compare them, date for
+date, with their appearance in Massachusetts, and carefully describe
+those that we do not have. Sir Fred, we should explain, lives at "Mona
+Great House," Kingston, British West Indies.
+
+
+
+
+CAMERA CLUB.
+
+
+PAPERS FOR BEGINNERS, NO. 9.
+
+TREATMENT OF UNDER-EXPOSED PLATES
+
+By an "under-exposed plate" is meant a plate which has not been exposed
+long enough to the action of light for the objects to make a deep enough
+impression in the silver salts, or to cause the chemical change to take
+place which makes the perfect picture.
+
+The normal development of an under-exposed plate results in a negative
+in which the high or white lights are very strong, and have a chalky
+appearance in the print, while the shadows have little or no detail; and
+where a plate has been much under-exposed, only clear glass is the
+result of the development. The reason why the high lights appear so
+harsh and strong is due to the fact that to get detail in the shadows
+the development is carried on till the high lights are very much
+over-developed and the film has become dense.
+
+The practised amateur usually knows whether his plate has been
+under-exposed or not, and treats it accordingly. The beginner, not
+having learned how to gauge exposures correctly, must learn how to
+distinguish an under-exposed plate as soon as the developer begins to
+act on it, so that he may get a good, or fairly good, negative.
+
+If a plate which has been under-exposed is placed in a normal developer,
+the high lights will be some time in coming out, and the shadows will
+not appear at all, or, if they do, will be very dim. If the development
+is continued in order to bring out detail, the plate is apt to fog, and
+is then spoiled entirely.
+
+If the rest of the image does not follow the high lights in a reasonable
+length of time, take the plate from the developer and place it in clean
+water. It will do no harm if it stands in water for a few minutes, for
+water will bring out detail in an under-exposed plate.
+
+Nothing has been said about the different kinds of developers, though
+they will be fully treated in later papers. The beginner should stick to
+one developer till he has learned just how to use it.
+
+If one is using pyro, a fresh solution should be at once made up, using
+half the quantity of pyro given in the formula, and the full amount of
+the alkaline solution. The pyro is the developing agent, or that which
+gives the required strength or density, while the alkaline solution,
+containing the sulphite of soda, prevents the staining of the negative
+and preserves the pyro. After the development of the plate is finished
+turn off the solution, leave the plate in the tray, pour water over it,
+and allow it to stand for fifteen or twenty minutes, being careful that
+it is covered from the light.
+
+If one uses hydrochinon, which is a favorite developing agent with
+amateurs, dilute the developer and add from three to seven drops of
+iodide solution. This solution is composed of 1 grain of iodine, 1 ounce
+of water, 1 ounce of alcohol. Mark the bottle "Accelerator." This
+solution hastens the development of the image and brings it up evenly,
+and the contrasts between the lights and shadows are made soft and
+delicate.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Copyright, 1895, by The Procter & Gamble Co., Cin'ti.
+
+Plenty of fresh air, an abundance of sleep, a careful diet and the daily
+use of a good soap like the Ivory will purify the complexion as no
+cosmetic can.
+
+
+
+
+EARN A TRICYCLE!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+We wish to introduce our Teas, Spices, and Baking Powder. Sell 30 lbs.
+and we will give you a Fairy Tricycle; sell 25 lbs. for a solid Silver
+Watch and Chain; 50 lbs. for a Gold Watch and Chain; 75 lbs. for a
+Bicycle; 10 lbs. for a Beautiful Gold Ring. Express prepaid if cash is
+sent for goods. Write for catalog and order sheet.
+
+W. G. BAKER,
+
+SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: If afflicted with SORE EYES USE Dr. ISAAC THOMPSON'S EYE
+WATER]
+
+
+
+
+OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT of the award on
+
+=GILLOTT'S PENS= at the Chicago Exposition.
+
+=AWARD:= "For excellence of steel used in their manufacture, it being
+fine grained and elastic; superior workmanship, especially shown by the
+careful grinding which leaves the pens free from defects. The tempering
+is excellent and the action of the finished pens perfect."
+
+  (Signed)  FRANZ VOGT, _Individual Judge_.
+
+  Approved: { H. I. KIMBALL, _Pres't Departmental Committee_.
+            { JOHN BOYD THACHER, _Chairman Exec. Com. on Awards_.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+=SEND for Catalogue of= the =Musical Instrument= you think of buying.
+=Violins repaired= by the Cremona System. C. STORY, 26 Central St.,
+Boston. Mass.
+
+
+
+
+OUT-DOOR BOOKS
+
+
+=PRACTICAL LAWN-TENNIS.= By JAMES DWIGHT, M.D. Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth,
+Ornamental, $1.25.
+
+=AMONG THE NORTHERN HILLS.= By WILLIAM C. PRIME, LL.D. 16mo, Cloth,
+Ornamental, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, $1.00.
+
+=ALONG NEW ENGLAND ROADS.= By WILLIAM C. PRIME, LL.D. 16mo, Cloth,
+Ornamental, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, $1.00.
+
+=I GO A-FISHING.= By WILLIAM C. PRIME, LL.D. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.00;
+Paper, 50 cents.
+
+=HOW WOMEN SHOULD RIDE.= By "C. DE HURST." Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth,
+Ornamental, $1.25.
+
+=FIELD-FARINGS.= A Vagrant Chronicle of Earth and Sky. By MARTHA
+MCCULLOCH WILLIAMS. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top,
+$1.00.
+
+=FOLLY AND FRESH AIR.= By EDEN PHILLPOTTS. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental,
+$1.25.
+
+=SEEN FROM THE SADDLE.= By ISA CARRINGTON CABELL. With an Illustration.
+32mo, Cloth, Ornamental, 50 cents.
+
+=GLIMPSES OF NATURE.= By ANDREW WILSON. With 35 Illustrations. Post 8vo,
+Cloth, $1.25.
+
+=AMERICAN FOOTBALL.= By WALTER CAMP. New and Revised Edition.
+Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.
+
+=A SPORTING PILGRIMAGE.= Riding to Hounds, Golf, Rowing, Football, Club
+and University Athletics. Studies in English Sport, Past and Present. By
+CASPAR W. WHITNEY. Copiously Illustrated. 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $3.50.
+
+=RECREATIONS IN BOTANY.= By CAROLINE A. CREEVEY. Illustrated. Post 8vo,
+Cloth, Ornamental, $1.50.
+
+=UPLAND AND MEADOW.= A Poaetquissings Chronicle. By C. C. ABBOTT. 12mo,
+Cloth, Ornamental, $1.50.
+
+=WASTE-LAND WANDERINGS.= By C. C. ABBOTT. 12mo, Cloth, Ornamental,
+$1.50.
+
+=FLY-RODS AND FLY-TACKLE.= Suggestions as to their Manufacture and Use.
+By HENRY P. WELLS. Illustrated. Small 4to, Cloth, Ornamental, $2.50.
+
+=SALMON-FISHING.= The American Salmon-Fisherman. By HENRY P. WELLS.
+Illustrated. Small 4to, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.00.
+
+=CITY BOYS IN THE WOODS;= or, A Trapping Venture in Maine. By HENRY P.
+WELLS. Illustrated. Square 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $2.50.
+
+=CAMP LIFE IN THE WOODS=, and the Tricks of Trapping and Trap-Making. By
+W. HAMILTON GIBSON. Illustrated by the Author. Square 16mo. Cloth,
+$1.00.
+
+=A FAMILY CANOE TRIP.= By FLORENCE WATTERS SNEDEKER. Illustrated. 32 mo,
+Cloth, Ornamental, 50 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+_The above works are for sale by all booksellers, or will be mailed by
+the publishers, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE CIRCUS TRAINING SCHOOL--AN UNPROFITABLE PUPIL.]
+
+
+
+
+CARAWAY SEEDS.
+
+
+  I'm going to plant these little seeds,
+    And some fine day I'll wake
+  To find a pretty spreading stalk
+    All bending down with cake.
+
+
+
+
+HARD WORK.
+
+
+"Well," said Jack, "vacation has begun, and I'm just as busy as ever."
+
+"Doing what?" asked his father.
+
+"Finding something to do," said Jack. "And I tell you, Daddy, it's hard
+work."
+
+
+
+
+PROOF POSITIVE.
+
+
+PERCY. "Don't two negatives make an affirmative?"
+
+PAPA. "Yes, Percy."
+
+PERCY. "Then I'm awful smart."
+
+PAPA. "Why?"
+
+PERCY. "Because the teacher says I'm a 'Know-nothing.'"
+
+
+
+
+All great artists have queer experiences during their lives, which the
+biographer loves to dwell upon in his books of anecdotes. Here is one
+that occurred to the great pianist Paderewski in England. He received a
+polite letter from an invalid lady, asking him if he would spare the
+time to play her one piece during an afternoon, as her health would not
+permit of her going to any crowded concert-room, the letter closing with
+an offer of a half a guinea reward.
+
+Paderewski replied with an invitation to call at his hotel, appointing
+an hour when he would receive her. The lady called, and Paderewski,
+after pleasantly greeting her, sat before his piano and played a
+prelude, a nocturne of Chopin, and Songs without Words.
+
+The little impromptu concert over, the lady rose, thanked the virtuoso
+most graciously, and extended her hand to bid him adieu, slipping the
+promised half-guinea into his palm.
+
+"Ah, what is this?" Paderewski inquired.
+
+"Why," she said, sweetly, "it's the half-guinea I promised you."
+
+"Now, I really believe," he answered, with a smile, "that I shall be
+able to get to the next town without it." And pleasantly returning the
+coin, he bowed the lady out.
+
+
+
+
+Napoleon's smooth face was a sure evidence of his dislike for a beard.
+In some anecdotes of the Russian campaign there is a story told of the
+great Emperor and a poor but witty barber, who had occasion to shave
+him.
+
+Napoleon had made a rather lengthy detour from the line of march with a
+detachment of officers. Arriving at a small village they refreshed
+themselves with a good meal and baths. Napoleon, wishing to be shaved,
+the village barber was called in. While the poor fellow strapped his
+razor and passed it industriously over the great Emperor's chin, he
+remained silent and seemingly melancholy, although performing his work
+with amazing rapidity and smoothness. When he had finished, Napoleon
+complimented him, remarking, "But, man, why do you wear such a
+melancholy face? You should be happy to have the privilege of shaving an
+Emperor."
+
+"I am doubly happy, your Majesty."
+
+"Then what is it that troubles you?"
+
+"Alas, your Majesty, when I think of the Kings upon Kings and Emperors
+that have died without knowing what it was to be shaved by me, I am sad
+and melancholy."
+
+
+
+
+"What did Washington mean when just, before the battle of Trenton he
+said, 'Put none but Americans on guard to-night?'" asked an Irishman,
+who was heatedly defending the valor of the Celtic race in general.
+"I'll tell you what he meant! He meant, 'Let the Irish sleep; I've work
+for them to-morrow.'"
+
+
+
+
+BOBBY. "Mamma, I want you to crack me open."
+
+MAMMA. "Why, my boy, what's the matter with you?"
+
+BOBBY. "Papa said I was a bad egg. I don't believe it."
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Round Table, July 30, 1895, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S ROUND TABLE, JULY 30, 1895 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 33078.txt or 33078.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/0/7/33078/
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