initial commit of ebook 33053HEADmain

23 files changed, 8055 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/33053-8.txt b/33053-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6e7da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2258 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt, by John Burroughs
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt
+
+Author: John Burroughs
+
+Release Date: July 2, 2010 [EBook #33053]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPING & TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                              CAMPING &
+                              TRAMPING
+                                WITH
+                              ROOSEVELT
+
+                          BY JOHN BURROUGHS
+
+
+
+
+                       Books by John Burroughs
+
+
+    #WORKS.# 19 vols., uniform, 16mo, with frontispiece, gilt top.
+      WAKE-ROBIN.
+      WINTER SUNSHINE.
+      LOCUSTS AND WILD HONEY.
+      FRESH FIELDS.
+      INDOOR STUDIES.
+      BIRDS AND POETS, WITH OTHER PAPERS.
+      PEPACTON, AND OTHER SKETCHES.
+      SIGNS AND SEASONS.
+      RIVERBY.
+      WHITMAN: A STUDY.
+      THE LIGHT OF DAY.
+      LITERARY VALUES.
+      FAR AND NEAR.
+      WAYS OF NATURE.
+      LEAF AND TENDRIL.
+      TIME AND CHANGE.
+      THE SUMMIT OF THE YEARS.
+      THE BREATH OF LIFE.
+      UNDER THE APPLE-TREES.
+      FIELD AND STUDY.
+
+    #FIELD AND STUDY.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #UNDER THE APPLE-TREES.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #THE BREATH OF LIFE.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #THE SUMMIT OF THE YEARS.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #TIME AND CHANGE.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #LEAF AND TENDRIL.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #WAYS OF NATURE.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #FAR AND NEAR.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #LITERARY VALUES.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #THE LIGHT OF DAY.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #WHITMAN: A Study.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #A YEAR IN THE FIELDS.# Selections appropriate to each season
+    of the year, from the writings of John Burroughs. Illustrated
+    from Photographs by CLIFTON JOHNSON.
+
+    #IN THE CATSKILLS.# Illustrated from Photographs by CLIFTON
+    JOHNSON.
+
+    #CAMPING AND TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT.# Illustrated from
+    Photographs.
+
+    #BIRD AND BOUGH.# Poems.
+
+    #WINTER SUNSHINE.# _Cambridge Classics Series._
+
+    #WAKE-ROBIN.# _Riverside Aldine Series._
+
+    #SQUIRRELS AND OTHER FUR-BEARERS.# Illustrated.
+
+    #BIRD STORIES FROM BURROUGHS.# Illustrated.
+
+                       HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
+                         BOSTON AND NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT ON GLACIER POINT, YOSEMITE VALLEY
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+
+
+
+                          CAMPING & TRAMPING
+                            WITH ROOSEVELT
+
+                                  BY
+                            JOHN BURROUGHS
+
+                         _WITH ILLUSTRATIONS_
+
+                            [Illustration]
+
+                         BOSTON AND NEW YORK
+                       HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
+                   #The Riverside Press Cambridge#
+
+
+
+    COPYRIGHT 1906 BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.
+    COPYRIGHT 1907 BY THE OUTLOOK COMPANY
+    COPYRIGHT 1907 BY JOHN BURROUGHS
+
+    _Published October 1907_
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+  THE PRESIDENT ON GLACIER POINT, YOSEMITE VALLEY     _Frontispiece_
+  ARRIVAL AT GARDINER, MONTANA                                    10
+  THE PRESIDENT, MR. BURROUGHS AND SECRETARY LOEB                 24
+  THE PRESIDENT IN THE BEAR COUNTRY                               38
+  MR. BURROUGHS'S FAVORITE PASTIME                                50
+  SUNRISE IN THE YELLOWSTONE                                      64
+  THE PRESIDENT ON A TRAIL                                        72
+  THE PRESIDENT'S HOME ON SAGAMORE HILL, SHOWING ADDITION KNOWN
+          AS THE TROPHY ROOM                                      82
+  A BIT OF WOODLAND ON THE SLOPE TOWARDS OYSTER BAY               88
+  A PATH IN THE WOODS LEADING TO COLD SPRING HARBOR               92
+  A YEARLING IN THE APPLE ORCHARD                                 98
+  HALLWAY, SAGAMORE HILL                                         106
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+This little volume really needs no introduction; the two sketches of
+which it is made explain and, I hope, justify themselves. But there is
+one phase of the President's many-sided character upon which I should
+like to lay especial emphasis, namely, his natural history bent and
+knowledge. Amid all his absorbing interests and masterful activities
+in other fields, his interest and his authority in practical natural
+history are by no means the least. I long ago had very direct proof of
+this statement. In some of my English sketches, following a visit to
+that island in 1882, I had, rather by implication than by positive
+statement, inclined to the opinion that the European forms of animal
+life were, as a rule, larger and more hardy and prolific than the
+corresponding forms in this country. Roosevelt could not let this
+statement or suggestion go unchallenged, and the letter which I
+received from him in 1892, touching these things, is of double
+interest at this time, as showing one phase of his radical
+Americanism, while it exhibits him as a thoroughgoing naturalist.
+I am sure my readers will welcome the gist of this letter. After
+some preliminary remarks he says:--
+
+"The point of which I am speaking is where you say that the Old World
+forms of animal life are coarser, stronger, fiercer, and more fertile
+than those of the New World." (My statement was not quite so sweeping
+as this.) "Now I don't think that this is so; at least, comparing the
+forms which are typical of North America and of northern Asia and
+Europe, which together form but one province of animal life.
+
+"Many animals and birds which increase very fast in new countries, and
+which are commonly spoken of as European in their origin, are really
+as alien to Europe as to their new homes. Thus the rabbit, rat, and
+mouse are just as truly interlopers in England as in the United States
+and Australia, having moved thither apparently within historic times,
+the rabbit from North Africa, the others from southern Asia; and one
+could no more generalize upon the comparative weakness of the American
+fauna from these cases of intruders than one could generalize from
+them upon the comparative weakness of the British, German, and French
+wild animals. Our wood mouse or deer mouse retreats before the
+ordinary house mouse in exactly the same way that the European wood
+mouse does, and not a whit more. Our big wood rat stands in the same
+relation to the house rat. Casting aside these cases, it seems to me,
+looking at the mammals, that it would be quite impossible to
+generalize as to whether those of the Old or the New World are more
+fecund, are the fiercest, the hardiest, or the strongest. A great many
+cases could be cited on both sides. Our moose and caribou are, in
+certain of their varieties, rather larger than the Old World forms of
+the same species. If there is any difference between the beavers of
+the two countries, it is in the same direction. So with the great
+family of the field mice. The largest true arvicola seems to be the
+yellow-cheeked mouse of Hudson's Bay, and the biggest representative
+of the family on either continent is the muskrat. In most of its
+varieties the wolf of North America seems to be inferior in strength
+and courage to that of northern Europe and Asia; but the direct
+reverse is true with the grizzly bear, which is merely a somewhat
+larger and fiercer variety of the common European brown bear. On the
+whole, the Old World bison, or so-called aurochs, appears to be
+somewhat more formidable than its American brother; but the difference
+against the latter is not anything like as great as the difference in
+favor of the American wapiti, which is nothing but a giant
+representative of the comparatively puny European stag. So with the
+red fox. The fox of New York is about the size of that of France, and
+inferior in size to that of Scotland; the latter in turn is inferior
+in size to the big fox of the upper Missouri, while the largest of all
+comes from British America. There is no basis for the belief that the
+red fox was imported here from Europe; its skin was a common article
+of trade with the Canadian fur traders from the earliest times. On the
+other hand, the European lynx is much bigger than the American. The
+weasels afford cases in point, showing how hard it is to make a
+general law on the subject. The American badger is very much smaller
+than the European, and the American otter very much larger than the
+European otter. Our pine marten, or sable, compared with that of
+Europe, shows the very qualities of which you speak; that is, its
+skull is slenderer, the bones are somewhat lighter, the teeth less
+stout, the form showing more grace and less strength. But curiously
+enough this is reversed, with even greater emphasis, in the minks of
+the two continents, the American being much the largest and strongest,
+with stouter teeth, bigger bones, and a stronger animal in every way.
+The little weasel is on the whole smaller here, while the big weasel,
+or stoat, is, in some of its varieties at least, largest on this side;
+and, of the true weasels, the largest of all is the so-called fisher,
+a purely American beast, a fierce and hardy animal which habitually
+preys upon as hard fighting a creature as the raccoon, and which could
+eat all the Asiatic and European varieties of weasels without an
+effort.
+
+"About birds I should be far less competent to advance arguments, and
+especially, my dear sir, to you; but it seems to me that two of the
+most self-asserting and hardiest of our families of birds are the
+tyrant flycatchers, of which the kingbird is chief, and the
+blackbirds, or grackles, with the meadow lark at their head, both
+characteristically American.
+
+"Did you ever look over the medical statistics of the half million men
+drafted during the Civil War? They include men of every race and
+color, and from every country of Europe, and from every State in the
+Union; and so many men were measured that the average of the
+measurements is probably pretty fair. From these it would appear that
+the physical type in the Eastern States had undoubtedly degenerated.
+The man from New York or New England, unless he came from the
+lumbering districts, though as tall as the Englishman or Irishman, was
+distinctly lighter built, and especially was narrower across the
+chest; but the finest men physically of all were the Kentuckians and
+Tennesseeans. After them came the Scandinavians, then the Scotch, then
+the people from several of the Western States, such as Wisconsin and
+Minnesota, then the Irish, then the Germans, then the English, etc.
+The decay of vitality, especially as shown in the decreasing fertility
+of the New England and, indeed, New York stock, is very alarming; but
+the most prolific peoples on this continent, whether of native or
+foreign origin, are the native whites of the southern Alleghany
+region in Kentucky and Tennessee, the Virginians, and the Carolinians,
+and also the French of Canada.
+
+"It will be difficult to frame a general law of fecundity in comparing
+the effects upon human life of long residence on the two continents
+when we see that the Frenchman in Canada is healthy and enormously
+fertile, while the old French stock is at the stationary point in
+France, the direct reverse being the case when the English of Old and
+of New England are compared, and the decision being again reversed if
+we compare the English with the mountain whites of the Southern
+States."
+
+
+
+
+CAMPING WITH PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT
+
+
+At the time I made the trip to Yellowstone Park with President
+Roosevelt in the spring of 1903, I promised some friends to write up
+my impressions of the President and of the Park, but I have been slow
+in getting around to it. The President himself, having the absolute
+leisure and peace of the White House, wrote his account of the trip
+nearly two years ago! But with the stress and strain of my life
+at "Slabsides,"--administering the affairs of so many of the wild
+creatures of the woods about me,--I have not till this blessed season
+(fall of 1905) found the time to put on record an account of the most
+interesting thing I saw in that wonderful land, which, of course, was
+the President himself.
+
+When I accepted his invitation I was well aware that during the
+journey I should be in a storm centre most of the time, which is not
+always a pleasant prospect to a man of my habits and disposition. The
+President himself is a good deal of a storm,--a man of such abounding
+energy and ceaseless activity that he sets everything in motion around
+him wherever he goes. But I knew he would be pretty well occupied on
+his way to the Park in speaking to eager throngs and in receiving
+personal and political homage in the towns and cities we were to pass
+through. But when all this was over, and I found myself with him in
+the wilderness of the Park, with only the superintendent and a few
+attendants to help take up his tremendous personal impact, how was it
+likely to fare with a non-strenuous person like myself? I asked. I had
+visions of snow six and seven feet deep, where traveling could be
+done only upon snow-shoes, and I had never had the things on my feet
+in my life. If the infernal fires beneath, that keep the pot boiling
+so furiously in the Park, should melt the snows, I could see the party
+tearing along on horseback at a wolf-hunt pace over a rough country;
+and as I had not been on a horse's back since the President was born,
+how would it be likely to fare with me then?
+
+I had known the President several years before he became famous, and
+we had had some correspondence on subjects of natural history. His
+interest in such themes is always very fresh and keen, and the main
+motive of his visit to the Park at this time was to see and study in
+its semi-domesticated condition the great game which he had so often
+hunted during his ranch days; and he was kind enough to think it would
+be an additional pleasure to see it with a nature-lover like myself.
+For my own part, I knew nothing about big game, but I knew there was
+no man in the country with whom I should so like to see it as
+Roosevelt.
+
+Some of our newspapers reported that the President intended to hunt in
+the Park. A woman in Vermont wrote me, to protest against the hunting,
+and hoped I would teach the President to love the animals as much as I
+did,--as if he did not love them much more, because his love is
+founded upon knowledge, and because they had been a part of his life.
+She did not know that I was then cherishing the secret hope that I
+might be allowed to shoot a cougar or bobcat; but this fun did not
+come to me. The President said, "I will not fire a gun in the Park;
+then I shall have no explanations to make." Yet once I did hear him
+say in the wilderness, "I feel as if I ought to keep the camp in
+meat. I always have." I regretted that he could not do so on this
+occasion.
+
+I have never been disturbed by the President's hunting trips. It is to
+such men as he that the big game legitimately belongs,--men who regard
+it from the point of view of the naturalist as well as from that of
+the sportsman, who are interested in its preservation, and who share
+with the world the delight they experience in the chase. Such a hunter
+as Roosevelt is as far removed from the game-butcher as day is from
+night; and as for his killing of the "varmints,"--bears, cougars, and
+bobcats,--the fewer of these there are, the better for the useful and
+beautiful game.
+
+The cougars, or mountain lions, in the Park certainly needed killing.
+The superintendent reported that he had seen where they had slain
+nineteen elk, and we saw where they had killed a deer and dragged its
+body across the trail. Of course, the President would not now on his
+hunting trips shoot an elk or a deer except to "keep the camp in
+meat," and for this purpose it is as legitimate as to slay a sheep or
+a steer for the table at home.
+
+We left Washington on April 1, and strung several of the larger
+Western cities on our thread of travel,--Chicago, Milwaukee, Madison,
+St. Paul, Minneapolis,--as well as many lesser towns, in each of which
+the President made an address, sometimes brief, on a few occasions of
+an hour or more.
+
+He gave himself very freely and heartily to the people wherever he
+went. He could easily match their Western cordiality and
+good-fellowship. Wherever his train stopped, crowds soon gathered, or
+had already gathered, to welcome him. His advent made a holiday in
+each town he visited. At all the principal stops the usual programme
+was: first, his reception by the committee of citizens appointed to
+receive him,--they usually boarded his private car, and were one by
+one introduced to him; then a drive through the town with a concourse
+of carriages; then to the hall or open-air platform, where he spoke to
+the assembled throng; then to lunch or dinner; and then back to the
+train, and off for the next stop,--a round of hand-shaking,
+carriage-driving, speech-making each day. He usually spoke from eight
+to ten times every twenty-four hours, sometimes for only a few minutes
+from the rear platform of his private car, at others for an hour or
+more in some large hall. In Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul,
+elaborate banquets were given him and his party, and on each occasion
+he delivered a carefully prepared speech upon questions that involved
+the policy of his administration. The throng that greeted him in the
+vast Auditorium in Chicago--that rose and waved and waved again--was
+one of the grandest human spectacles I ever witnessed.
+
+In Milwaukee the dense cloud of tobacco smoke that presently filled
+the large hall after the feasting was over was enough to choke any
+speaker, but it did not seem to choke the President, though he does
+not use tobacco in any form himself; nor was there anything foggy
+about his utterances on that occasion upon legislative control of the
+trusts.
+
+    [Illustration: ARRIVAL AT GARDINER, MONT.
+    (ENTRANCE TO YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.)
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1906, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York.]
+
+In St. Paul the city was inundated with humanity,--a vast human tide
+that left the middle of the streets bare as our line of carriages
+moved slowly along, but that rose up in solid walls of town and
+prairie humanity on the sidewalks and city dooryards. How hearty and
+happy the myriad faces looked! At one point I spied in the throng on
+the curbstone a large silk banner that bore my own name as the title
+of some society. I presently saw that it was borne by half a dozen
+anxious and expectant-looking schoolgirls with braids down their
+backs. As my carriage drew near them, they pressed their way through
+the throng and threw a large bouquet of flowers into my lap. I think
+it would be hard to say who blushed the deeper, the girls or myself.
+It was the first time I had ever had flowers showered upon me in
+public; and then, maybe, I felt that on such an occasion I was only a
+minor side issue, and public recognition was not called for. But the
+incident pleased the President. "I saw that banner and those flowers,"
+he said afterwards; "and I was delighted to see you honored that way."
+But I fear I have not to this day thanked the Monroe School of St.
+Paul for that pretty attention.
+
+The time of the passing of the presidential train seemed well known,
+even on the Dakota prairies. At one point I remember a little brown
+schoolhouse stood not far off, and near the track the school-ma'am,
+with her flock, drawn up in line. We were at luncheon, but the
+President caught a glimpse ahead through the window, and quickly took
+in the situation. With napkin in hand, he rushed out on the platform
+and waved to them. "Those children," he said, as he came back, "wanted
+to see the President of the United States, and I could not disappoint
+them. They may never have another chance. What a deep impression such
+things make when we are young!"
+
+At some point in the Dakotas we picked up the former foreman of his
+ranch and another cowboy friend of the old days, and they rode with
+the President in his private car for several hours. He was as happy
+with them as a schoolboy ever was in meeting old chums. He beamed with
+delight all over. The life which those men represented, and of which
+he had himself once formed a part, meant so much to him; it had
+entered into the very marrow of his being, and I could see the joy of
+it all shining in his face as he sat and lived parts of it over again
+with those men that day. He bubbled with laughter continually. The
+men, I thought, seemed a little embarrassed by his open-handed
+cordiality and good-fellowship. He himself evidently wanted to forget
+the present, and to live only in the memory of those wonderful ranch
+days,--that free, hardy, adventurous life upon the plains. It all came
+back to him with a rush when he found himself alone with these heroes
+of the rope and the stirrup. How much more keen his appreciation was,
+and how much quicker his memory, than theirs! He was constantly
+recalling to their minds incidents which they had forgotten, and the
+names of horses and dogs which had escaped them. His subsequent life,
+instead of making dim the memory of his ranch days, seemed to have
+made it more vivid by contrast.
+
+When they had gone I said to him, "I think your affection for those
+men very beautiful."
+
+"How could I help it?" he said.
+
+"Still, few men in your station could or would go back and renew such
+friendships."
+
+"Then I pity them," he replied.
+
+He said afterwards that his ranch life had been the making of him. It
+had built him up and hardened him physically, and it had opened his
+eyes to the wealth of manly character among the plainsmen and
+cattlemen.
+
+Had he not gone West, he said, he never would have raised the Rough
+Riders regiment; and had he not raised that regiment and gone to the
+Cuban War, he would not have been made governor of New York; and had
+not this happened, the politicians would not unwittingly have made his
+rise to the Presidency so inevitable. There is no doubt, I think, that
+he would have got there some day; but without the chain of events
+above outlined, his rise could not have been so rapid.
+
+Our train entered the Bad Lands of North Dakota in the early evening
+twilight, and the President stood on the rear platform of his car,
+gazing wistfully upon the scene. "I know all this country like a
+book," he said. "I have ridden over it, and hunted over it, and
+tramped over it, in all seasons and weather, and it looks like home to
+me. My old ranch is not far off. We shall soon reach Medora, which
+was my station." It was plain to see that that strange,
+forbidding-looking landscape, hills and valleys to eastern eyes,
+utterly demoralized and gone to the bad,--flayed, fantastic, treeless,
+a riot of naked clay slopes, chimney-like buttes, and dry
+coulees,--was in his eyes a land of almost pathetic interest. There
+were streaks of good pasturage here and there where his cattle used to
+graze, and where the deer and the pronghorn used to linger.
+
+When we reached Medora, where the train was scheduled to stop an hour,
+it was nearly dark, but the whole town and country round had turned
+out to welcome their old townsman. After much hand-shaking, the
+committee conducted us down to a little hall, where the President
+stood on a low platform, and made a short address to the standing
+crowd that filled the place. Then some flashlight pictures were taken
+by the local photographer, after which the President stepped down,
+and, while the people filed past him, shook hands with every man,
+woman, and child of them, calling many of them by name, and greeting
+them all most cordially. I recall one grizzled old frontiersman whose
+hand he grasped, calling him by name, and saying, "How well I remember
+you! You once mended my gunlock for me,--put on a new hammer." "Yes,"
+said the delighted old fellow; "I'm the man, Mr. President." He was
+among his old neighbors once more, and the pleasure of the meeting was
+very obvious on both sides. I heard one of the women tell him they
+were going to have a dance presently, and ask him if he would not stay
+and open it! The President laughingly excused himself, and said his
+train had to leave on schedule time, and his time was nearly up. I
+thought of the incident in his "Ranch Life," in which he says he once
+opened a cowboy ball with the wife of a Minnesota man, who danced
+opposite, and who had recently shot a bullying Scotchman. He says the
+scene reminded him of the ball where Bret Harte's heroine "went down
+the middle with the man that shot Sandy Magee."
+
+Before reaching Medora he had told me many anecdotes of "Hell-Roaring
+Bill Jones," and had said I should see him. But it turned out that
+Hell-Roaring Bill had begun to celebrate the coming of the President
+too early in the day, and when we reached Medora he was not in a
+presentable condition. I forget now how he had earned his name, but no
+doubt he had come honestly by it; it was a part of his history, as was
+that of "The Pike," "Cold-Turkey Bill," "Hash-Knife Joe," and other
+classic heroes of the frontier.
+
+It is curious how certain things go to the bad in the Far West, or a
+certain proportion of them,--bad lands, bad horses, and bad men. And
+it is a degree of badness that the East has no conception of,--land
+that looks as raw and unnatural as if time had never laid its shaping
+and softening hand upon it; horses that, when mounted, put their heads
+to the ground and their heels in the air, and, squealing defiantly,
+resort to the most diabolically ingenious tricks to shake off or to
+kill their riders; and men who amuse themselves in bar-rooms by
+shooting about the feet of a "tenderfoot" to make him dance, or who
+ride along the street and shoot at every one in sight. Just as the old
+plutonic fires come to the surface out there in the Rockies, and hint
+very strongly of the infernal regions, so a kind of satanic element in
+men and animals--an underlying devilishness--crops out, and we have
+the border ruffian and the bucking broncho.
+
+The President told of an Englishman on a hunting trip in the West,
+who, being an expert horseman at home, scorned the idea that he could
+not ride any of their "grass-fed ponies." So they gave him a bucking
+broncho. He was soon lying on the ground, much stunned. When he could
+speak, he said, "I should not have minded him, you know, _but 'e 'ides
+'is 'ead_."
+
+At one place in Dakota the train stopped to take water while we were
+at lunch. A crowd soon gathered, and the President went out to greet
+them. We could hear his voice, and the cheers and laughter of the
+crowd. And then we heard him say, "Well, good-by, I must go now."
+Still he did not come. Then we heard more talking and laughing, and
+another "good-by," and yet he did not come. Then I went out to see
+what had happened. I found the President down on the ground shaking
+hands with the whole lot of them. Some one had reached up to shake his
+hand as he was about withdrawing, and this had been followed by such
+eagerness on the part of the rest of the people to do likewise, that
+the President had instantly got down to gratify them. Had the secret
+service men known it, they would have been in a pickle. We probably
+have never had a President who responded more freely and heartily to
+the popular liking for him than Roosevelt. The crowd always seem to be
+in love with him the moment they see him and hear his voice. And it is
+not by reason of any arts of eloquence, or charm of address, but by
+reason of his inborn heartiness and sincerity, and his genuine
+manliness. The people feel his quality at once. In Bermuda last winter
+I met a Catholic priest who had sat on the platform at some place in
+New England very near the President while he was speaking, and who
+said, "The man had not spoken three minutes before I loved him, and
+had any one tried to molest him, I could have torn him to pieces." It
+is the quality in the man that instantly inspires such a liking as
+this in strangers that will, I am sure, safeguard him in all public
+places.
+
+I once heard him say that he did not like to be addressed as "His
+Excellency;" he added laughingly, "They might just as well call me
+'His Transparency,' for all I care." It is this transparency, this
+direct out-and-out, unequivocal character of him that is one source of
+his popularity. The people do love transparency,--all of them but the
+politicians.
+
+A friend of his one day took him to task for some mistake he had made
+in one of his appointments. "My dear sir," replied the President,
+"where you know of one mistake I have made, I know of ten." How such
+candor must make the politicians shiver!
+
+I have said that I stood in dread of the necessity of snowshoeing in
+the Park, and, in lieu of that, of horseback riding. Yet when we
+reached Gardiner, the entrance to the Park, on that bright, crisp
+April morning, with no snow in sight save that on the mountain-tops,
+and found Major Pitcher and Captain Chittenden at the head of a squad
+of soldiers, with a fine saddle-horse for the President, and an
+ambulance drawn by two span of mules for me, I confess that I
+experienced just a slight shade of mortification. I thought they might
+have given me the option of the saddle or the ambulance. Yet I entered
+the vehicle as if it was just what I had been expecting.
+
+The President and his escort, with a cloud of cowboys hovering in the
+rear, were soon off at a lively pace, and my ambulance followed close,
+and at a lively pace, too; so lively that I soon found myself gripping
+the seat with both hands. "Well," I said to myself, "they are giving
+me a regular Western send-off;" and I thought, as the ambulance swayed
+from side to side, that it would suit me just as well if my driver did
+not try to keep up with the presidential procession. The driver and
+his mules were shut off from me by a curtain, but, looking ahead out
+of the sides of the vehicle, I saw two good-sized logs lying across
+our course. Surely, I thought (and barely had time to think), he will
+avoid these. But he did not, and as we passed over them I was nearly
+thrown through the top of the ambulance. "This _is_ a lively
+send-off," I said, rubbing my bruises with one hand, while I clung to
+the seat with the other. Presently I saw the cowboys scrambling up
+the bank as if to get out of our way; then the President on his fine
+gray stallion scrambling up the bank with his escort, and looking
+ominously in my direction, as we thundered by.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT WITH MR. BURROUGHS AND SECRETARY
+    LOEB JUST BEFORE ENTERING THE PARK.
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1906, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York.]
+
+"Well," I said, "this is indeed a novel ride; for once in my life I
+have sidetracked the President of the United States! I am given the
+right of way over all." On we tore, along the smooth, hard road, and
+did not slacken our pace till, at the end of a mile or two, we began
+to mount the hill toward Fort Yellowstone. And not till we reached the
+fort did I learn that our mules had run away. They had been excited
+beyond control by the presidential cavalcade, and the driver, finding
+he could not hold them, had aimed only to keep them in the road, and
+we very soon had the road all to ourselves.
+
+Fort Yellowstone is at Mammoth Hot Springs, where one gets his first
+view of the characteristic scenery of the Park,--huge, boiling springs
+with their columns of vapor, and the first characteristic odors which
+suggest the traditional infernal regions quite as much as the boiling
+and steaming water does. One also gets a taste of a much more rarefied
+air than he has been used to, and finds himself panting for breath on
+a very slight exertion. The Mammoth Hot Springs have built themselves
+up an enormous mound that stands there above the village on the side
+of the mountain, terraced and scalloped and fluted, and suggesting
+some vitreous formation, or rare carving of enormous, many-colored
+precious stones. It looks quite unearthly, and, though the devil's
+frying pan, and ink pot, and the Stygian caves are not far off, the
+suggestion is of something celestial rather than of the nether
+regions,--a vision of jasper walls, and of amethyst battlements.
+
+With Captain Chittenden I climbed to the top, stepping over the rills
+and creeks of steaming hot water, and looked at the marvelously clear,
+cerulean, but boiling, pools on the summit. The water seemed as
+unearthly in its beauty and purity as the gigantic sculpturing that
+held it.
+
+The Stygian caves are still farther up the mountain,--little pockets
+in the rocks, or well-holes in the ground at your feet, filled with
+deadly carbon dioxide. We saw birds' feathers and quills in all of
+them. The birds hop into them, probably in quest of food or seeking
+shelter, and they never come out. We saw the body of a martin on the
+bank of one hole. Into one we sank a lighted torch, and it was
+extinguished as quickly as if we had dropped it into water. Each cave
+or niche is a death valley on a small scale. Near by we came upon a
+steaming pool, or lakelet, of an acre or more in extent. A pair of
+mallard ducks were swimming about in one end of it,--the cool end.
+When we approached, they swam slowly over into the warmer water. As
+they progressed, the water got hotter and hotter, and the ducks'
+discomfort was evident. Presently they stopped, and turned towards us,
+half appealingly, as I thought. They could go no farther; would we
+please come no nearer? As I took another step or two, up they rose and
+disappeared over the hill. Had they gone to the extreme end of the
+pool, we could have had boiled mallard for dinner.
+
+Another novel spectacle was at night, or near sundown, when the deer
+came down from the hills into the streets and ate hay, a few yards
+from the officers' quarters, as unconcernedly as so many domestic
+sheep. This they had been doing all winter, and they kept it up till
+May, at times a score or more of them profiting thus on the
+government's bounty. When the sundown gun was fired a couple of
+hundred yards away, they gave a nervous start, but kept on with their
+feeding. The antelope and elk and mountain sheep had not yet grown
+bold enough to accept Uncle Sam's charity in that way.
+
+The President wanted all the freedom and solitude possible while in
+the Park, so all newspaper men and other strangers were excluded. Even
+the secret service men and his physician and private secretaries were
+left at Gardiner. He craved once more to be alone with nature; he was
+evidently hungry for the wild and the aboriginal,--a hunger that seems
+to come upon him regularly at least once a year, and drives him forth
+on his hunting trips for big game in the West.
+
+We spent two weeks in the Park, and had fair weather, bright, crisp
+days, and clear, freezing nights. The first week we occupied three
+camps that had been prepared, or partly prepared, for us in the
+northeast corner of the Park, in the region drained by the Gardiner
+River, where there was but little snow, and which we reached on
+horseback.
+
+The second week we visited the geyser region, which lies a thousand
+feet or more higher, and where the snow was still five or six feet
+deep. This part of the journey was made in big sleighs, each drawn by
+two span of horses.
+
+On the horseback excursion, which involved only about fifty miles of
+riding, we had a mule pack train, and Sibley tents and stoves, with
+quite a retinue of camp laborers, a lieutenant and an orderly or two,
+and a guide, Billy Hofer.
+
+The first camp was in a wild, rocky, and picturesque gorge on the
+Yellowstone, about ten miles from the fort. A slight indisposition,
+the result of luxurious living, with no wood to chop or to saw, and no
+hills to climb, as at home, prevented me from joining the party till
+the third day. Then Captain Chittenden drove me eight miles in a
+buggy. About two miles from camp we came to a picket of two or three
+soldiers, where my big bay was in waiting for me. I mounted him
+confidently, and, guided by an orderly, took the narrow, winding trail
+toward camp. Except for an hour's riding the day before with Captain
+Chittenden, I had not been on a horse's back for nearly fifty years,
+and I had not spent as much as a day in the saddle during my youth.
+That first sense of a live, spirited, powerful animal beneath you, at
+whose mercy you are,--you, a pedestrian all your days,--with gullies
+and rocks and logs to cross, and deep chasms opening close beside
+you, is not a little disturbing. But my big bay did his part well, and
+I did not lose my head or my nerve, as we cautiously made our way
+along the narrow path on the side of the steep gorge, with a foaming
+torrent rushing along at its foot, nor yet when we forded the rocky
+and rapid Yellowstone. A misstep or a stumble on the part of my steed,
+and probably the first bubble of my confidence would have been
+shivered at once; but this did not happen, and in due time we reached
+the group of tents that formed the President's camp.
+
+The situation was delightful,--no snow, scattered pine trees, a
+secluded valley, rocky heights, and the clear, ample, trouty waters of
+the Yellowstone. The President was not in camp. In the morning he had
+stated his wish to go alone into the wilderness. Major Pitcher very
+naturally did not quite like the idea, and wished to send an orderly
+with him.
+
+"No," said the President. "Put me up a lunch, and let me go alone. I
+will surely come back."
+
+And back he surely came. It was about five o'clock when he came
+briskly down the path from the east to the camp. It came out that he
+had tramped about eighteen miles through a very rough country. The day
+before, he and the major had located a band of several hundred elk on
+a broad, treeless hillside, and his purpose was to find those elk, and
+creep up on them, and eat his lunch under their very noses. And this
+he did, spending an hour or more within fifty yards of them. He came
+back looking as fresh as when he started, and at night, sitting before
+the big camp fire, related his adventure, and talked with his usual
+emphasis and copiousness of many things. He told me of the birds he
+had seen or heard; among them he had heard one that was new to him.
+From his description I told him I thought it was Townsend's solitaire,
+a bird I much wanted to see and hear. I had heard the West India
+solitaire,--one of the most impressive songsters I ever heard,--and I
+wished to compare our Western form with it.
+
+The next morning we set out for our second camp, ten or a dozen miles
+away, and in reaching it passed over much of the ground the President
+had traversed the day before. As we came to a wild, rocky place above
+a deep chasm of the river, with a few scattered pine trees, the
+President said, "It was right here that I heard that strange bird
+song." We paused a moment. "And there it is now!" he exclaimed.
+
+Sure enough, there was the solitaire singing from the top of a small
+cedar,--a bright, animated, eloquent song, but without the richness
+and magic of the song of the tropical species. We hitched our horses,
+and followed the bird up as it flew from tree to tree. The President
+was as eager to see and hear it as I was. It seemed very shy, and we
+only caught glimpses of it. In form and color it much resembles its
+West India cousin, and suggests our catbird. It ceased to sing when we
+pursued it. It is a bird found only in the wilder and higher parts of
+the Rockies. My impression was that its song did not quite merit the
+encomiums that have been pronounced upon it.
+
+At this point, I saw amid the rocks my first and only Rocky Mountain
+woodchucks, and, soon after we had resumed our journey, our first blue
+grouse,--a number of them like larger partridges. Occasionally we
+would come upon black-tailed deer, standing or lying down in the
+bushes, their large ears at attention being the first thing to catch
+the eye. They would often allow us to pass within a few rods of them
+without showing alarm. Elk horns were scattered all over this part of
+the Park, and we passed several old carcasses of dead elk that had
+probably died a natural death.
+
+In a grassy bottom at the foot of a steep hill, while the President
+and I were dismounted, and noting the pleasing picture which our pack
+train of fifteen or twenty mules made filing along the side of a steep
+grassy slope,--a picture which he has preserved in his late volume,
+"Out-Door Pastimes of an American Hunter,"--our attention was
+attracted by plaintive, musical, bird-like chirps that rose from the
+grass about us. I was almost certain it was made by a bird; the
+President was of like opinion; and we kicked about in the tufts of
+grass, hoping to flush the bird. Now here, now there, arose this
+sharp, but bird-like note. Finally, we found that it was made by a
+species of gopher, whose holes we soon discovered. What its specific
+name is I do not know, but it should be called the singing gopher.
+
+Our destination this day was a camp on Cottonwood Creek, near
+"Hell-Roaring Creek." As we made our way in the afternoon along a
+broad, open, grassy valley, I saw a horseman come galloping over the
+hill to our right, starting up a band of elk as he came; riding across
+the plain, he wheeled his horse, and, with the military salute, joined
+our party. He proved to be a government scout, called the "Duke of
+Hell Roaring,"--an educated officer from the Austrian army, who, for
+some unknown reason, had exiled himself here in this out-of-the-way
+part of the world. He was a man in his prime, of fine, military look
+and bearing. After conversing a few moments with the President and
+Major Pitcher, he rode rapidly away.
+
+Our second camp, which we reached in mid-afternoon, was in the edge of
+the woods on the banks of a fine, large trout stream, where ice and
+snow still lingered in patches. I tried for trout in the head of a
+large, partly open pool, but did not get a rise; too much ice in the
+stream, I concluded. Very soon my attention was attracted by a strange
+note, or call, in the spruce woods. The President had also noticed it,
+and, with me, wondered what made it. Was it bird or beast? Billy Hofer
+said he thought it was an owl, but the sound in no way suggested an
+owl, and the sun was shining brightly. It was a sound such as a boy
+might make by blowing in the neck of an empty bottle. Presently we
+heard it beyond us on the other side of the creek, which was pretty
+good proof that the creature had wings.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT IN THE BEAR COUNTRY
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+"Let's go run that bird down," said the President to me.
+
+So off we started across a small, open, snow-streaked plain, toward
+the woods beyond it. We soon decided that the bird was on the top of
+one of a group of tall spruces. After much skipping about over logs
+and rocks, and much craning of our necks, we made him out on the peak
+of a spruce. I imitated his call, when he turned his head down toward
+us, but we could not make out what he was.
+
+"Why did we not think to bring the glasses?" said the President.
+
+"I will run and get them," I replied.
+
+"No," said he, "you stay here and keep that bird treed, and I will
+fetch them."
+
+So off he went like a boy, and was very soon back with the glasses. We
+quickly made out that it was indeed an owl,--the pigmy owl, as it
+turned out,--not much larger than a bluebird. I think the President
+was as pleased as if we had bagged some big game. He had never seen
+the bird before.
+
+Throughout the trip I found his interest in bird life very keen, and
+his eye and ear remarkably quick. He usually saw the bird or heard its
+note as quickly as I did,--and I had nothing else to think about, and
+had been teaching my eye and ear the trick of it for over fifty years.
+Of course, his training as a big-game hunter stood him in good stead,
+but back of that were his naturalist's instincts, and his genuine love
+of all forms of wild life.
+
+I have been told that his ambition up to the time he went to Harvard
+had been to be a naturalist, but that there they seem to have
+convinced him that all the out-of-door worlds of natural history had
+been conquered, and that the only worlds remaining were in the
+laboratory, and to be won with the microscope and the scalpel. But
+Roosevelt was a man made for action in a wide field, and laboratory
+conquests could not satisfy him. His instincts as a naturalist,
+however, lie back of all his hunting expeditions, and, in a large
+measure, I think, prompt them. Certain it is that his hunting
+records contain more live natural history than any similar records
+known to me, unless it be those of Charles St. John, the Scotch
+naturalist-sportsman.
+
+The Canada jays, or camp-robbers, as they are often called, soon found
+out our camp that afternoon, and no sooner had the cook begun to throw
+out peelings and scraps and crusts than the jays began to carry them
+off, not to eat, as I observed, but to hide them in the thicker
+branches of the spruce trees. How tame they were, coming within three
+or four yards of one! Why this species of jay should everywhere be so
+familiar, and all other kinds so wild, is a puzzle.
+
+In the morning, as we rode down the valley toward our next
+camping-place, at Tower Falls, a band of elk containing a hundred or
+more started along the side of the hill a few hundred yards away. I
+was some distance behind the rest of the party, as usual, when I saw
+the President wheel his horse off to the left, and, beckoning to me to
+follow, start at a tearing pace on the trail of the fleeing elk. He
+afterwards told me that he wanted me to get a good view of those elk
+at close range, and he was afraid that if he sent the major or Hofer
+to lead me, I would not get it. I hurried along as fast as I could,
+which was not fast; the way was rough,--logs, rocks, spring runs, and
+a tenderfoot rider.
+
+Now and then the President, looking back and seeing what slow progress
+I was making, would beckon to me impatiently, and I could fancy him
+saying, "If I had a rope around him, he would come faster than that!"
+Once or twice I lost sight of both him and the elk; the altitude was
+great, and the horse was laboring like a steam engine on an upgrade.
+Still I urged him on. Presently, as I broke over a hill, I saw the
+President pressing the elk up the opposite slope. At the brow of the
+hill he stopped, and I soon joined him. There on the top, not fifty
+yards away, stood the elk in a mass, their heads toward us and their
+tongues hanging out. They could run no farther. The President laughed
+like a boy. The spectacle meant much more to him than it did to me. I
+had never seen a wild elk till on this trip, but they had been among
+the notable game that he had hunted. He had traveled hundreds of
+miles, and undergone great hardships, to get within rifle range of
+these creatures. Now here stood scores of them with lolling tongues,
+begging for mercy.
+
+After gazing at them to our hearts' content, we turned away to look up
+our companions, who were nowhere within sight. We finally spied them a
+mile or more away, and, joining them, all made our way to an elevated
+plateau that commanded an open landscape three or four miles across.
+It was high noon, and the sun shone clear and warm. From this lookout
+we saw herds upon herds of elk scattered over the slopes and gentle
+valleys in front of us. Some were grazing, some were standing or lying
+upon the ground, or upon the patches of snow. Through our glasses we
+counted the separate bands, and then the numbers of some of the bands
+or groups, and estimated that three thousand elk were in full view in
+the landscape around us. It was a notable spectacle. Afterward, in
+Montana, I attended a council of Indian chiefs at one of the Indian
+agencies, and told them, through their interpreter, that I had been
+with the Great Chief in the Park, and of the game we had seen. When I
+told them of these three thousand elk all in view at once, they
+grunted loudly, whether with satisfaction or with incredulity, I could
+not tell.
+
+In the midst of this great game amphitheatre we dismounted and enjoyed
+the prospect. And the President did an unusual thing, he loafed for
+nearly an hour,--stretched himself out in the sunshine upon a flat
+rock, as did the rest of us, and, I hope, got a few winks of sleep. I
+am sure I did. Little, slender, striped chipmunks, about half the size
+of ours, were scurrying about; but I recall no other wild things save
+the elk.
+
+From here we rode down the valley to our third camp, at Tower Falls,
+stopping on the way to eat our luncheon on a washed boulder beside a
+creek. On this ride I saw my first and only badger; he stuck his
+striped head out of his hole in the ground only a few yards away from
+us as we passed.
+
+Our camp at Tower Falls was amid the spruces above a cañon of the
+Yellowstone, five or six hundred feet deep. It was a beautiful and
+impressive situation,--shelter, snugness, even cosiness, looking over
+the brink of the awful and the terrifying. With a run and a jump I
+think one might have landed in the river at the bottom of the great
+abyss, and in doing so might have scaled one of those natural obelisks
+or needles of rock that stand up out of the depths two or three
+hundred feet high. Nature shows you what an enormous furrow her plough
+can open through the strata when moving horizontally, at the same time
+that she shows you what delicate and graceful columns her slower and
+gentler aerial forces can carve out of the piled strata. At the Falls
+there were two or three of these columns, like the picket-pins of the
+elder gods.
+
+Across the cañon in front of our camp, upon a grassy plateau which was
+faced by a wall of trap rock, apparently thirty or forty feet high, a
+band of mountain sheep soon attracted our attention. They were within
+long rifle range, but were not at all disturbed by our presence, nor
+had they been disturbed by the road-builders who, under Captain
+Chittenden, were constructing a government road along the brink of the
+cañon. We speculated as to whether or not the sheep could get down the
+almost perpendicular face of the chasm to the river to drink. It
+seemed to me impossible. Would they try it while we were there to see?
+We all hoped so; and sure enough, late in the afternoon the word came
+to our tents that the sheep were coming down. The President, with coat
+off and a towel around his neck, was shaving. One side of his face was
+half shaved, and the other side lathered. Hofer and I started for a
+point on the brink of the cañon where we could have a better view.
+
+"By Jove," said the President, "I must see that. The shaving can wait,
+and the sheep won't."
+
+So on he came, accoutred as he was,--coatless, hatless, but not
+latherless, nor towelless. Like the rest of us, his only thought was
+to see those sheep do their "stunt." With glasses in hand, we watched
+them descend those perilous heights, leaping from point to point,
+finding a foothold where none appeared to our eyes, loosening
+fragments of the crumbling rocks as they came, now poised upon some
+narrow shelf and preparing for the next leap, zig-zagging or plunging
+straight down till the bottom was reached, and not one accident or
+misstep amid all that insecure footing. I think the President was the
+most pleased of us all; he laughed with the delight of it, and quite
+forgot his need of a hat and coat till I sent for them.
+
+In the night we heard the sheep going back; we could tell by the noise
+of the falling stones. In the morning I confidently expected to see
+some of them lying dead at the foot of the cliffs, but there they all
+were at the top once more, apparently safe and sound. They do,
+however, occasionally meet with accidents in their perilous climbing,
+and their dead bodies have been found at the foot of the rocks.
+Doubtless some point of rock to which they had trusted gave way, and
+crushed them in the descent, or fell upon those in the lead.
+
+The next day, while the rest of us went fishing for trout in the
+Yellowstone, three or four miles above the camp, over the roughest
+trail that we had yet traversed on horseback, the President, who never
+fishes unless put to it for meat, went off alone again with his lunch
+in his pocket, to stalk those sheep as he had stalked the elk, and to
+feel the old sportsman's thrill without the use of firearms. To do
+this involved a tramp of eight or ten miles down the river to a bridge
+and up the opposite bank. This he did, and ate his lunch near the
+sheep, and was back in camp before we were.
+
+We took some large cut-throat trout, as they are called, from the
+yellow mark across their throats, and I saw at short range a
+black-tailed deer bounding along in that curious, stiff-legged,
+mechanical, yet springy manner, apparently all four legs in the air at
+once, and all four feet reaching the ground at once, affording a very
+singular spectacle.
+
+    [Illustration: MR. BURROUGHS'S FAVORITE PASTIME.
+
+    By kind permission of Forest and Stream.]
+
+We spent two nights in our Tower Falls camp, and on the morning of the
+third day set out on our return to Fort Yellowstone, pausing at
+Yancey's on our way, and exchanging greetings with the old
+frontiersman, who died a few weeks later.
+
+While in camp we always had a big fire at night in the open near the
+tents, and around this we sat upon logs or camp-stools, and listened
+to the President's talk. What a stream of it he poured forth! and what
+a varied and picturesque stream!--anecdote, history, science,
+politics, adventure, literature; bits of his experience as a ranchman,
+hunter, Rough Rider, legislator, civil service commissioner, police
+commissioner, governor, president,--the frankest confessions, the most
+telling criticisms, happy characterizations of prominent political
+leaders, or foreign rulers, or members of his own Cabinet; always
+surprising by his candor, astonishing by his memory, and diverting by
+his humor. His reading has been very wide, and he has that rare type
+of memory which retains details as well as mass and generalities. One
+night something started him off on ancient history, and one would have
+thought he was just fresh from his college course in history, the
+dates and names and events came so readily. Another time he discussed
+palæontology, and rapidly gave the outlines of the science, and the
+main facts, as if he had been reading up on the subject that very day.
+He sees things as wholes, and hence the relation of the parts comes
+easy to him.
+
+At dinner, at the White House, the night before we started on the
+expedition, I heard him talking with a guest,--an officer of the
+British army, who was just back from India. And the extent and variety
+of his information about India and Indian history and the relations of
+the British government to it were extraordinary. It put the British
+major on his mettle to keep pace with him.
+
+One night in camp he told us the story of one of his Rough Riders who
+had just written him from some place in Arizona. The Rough Riders,
+wherever they are now, look to him in time of trouble. This one had
+come to grief in Arizona. He was in jail. So he wrote the President,
+and his letter ran something like this:--
+
+     "DEAR COLONEL,--I am in trouble. I shot a lady in the eye,
+     but I did not intend to hit the lady; I was shooting at my
+     wife."
+
+And the presidential laughter rang out over the tree-tops. To another
+Rough Rider, who was in jail, accused of horse stealing, he had loaned
+two hundred dollars to pay counsel on his trial, and, to his surprise,
+in due time the money came back. The ex-Rough wrote that his trial
+never came off. "_We elected our district attorney_;" and the laughter
+again sounded, and drowned the noise of the brook near by.
+
+On another occasion we asked the President if he was ever molested by
+any of the "bad men" of the frontier, with whom he had often come in
+contact. "Only once," he said. The cowboys had always treated him with
+the utmost courtesy, both on the round-up and in camp; "and the few
+real desperadoes I have seen were also perfectly polite." Once only
+was he maliciously shot at, and then not by a cowboy nor a _bona fide_
+"bad man," but by a "broad-hatted ruffian of a cheap and common-place
+type." He had been compelled to pass the night at a little frontier
+hotel where the bar-room occupied the whole lower floor, and was, in
+consequence, the only place where the guests of the hotel, whether
+drunk or sober, could sit. As he entered the room, he saw that every
+man there was being terrorized by a half-drunken ruffian who stood in
+the middle of the floor with a revolver in each hand, compelling
+different ones to treat.
+
+"I went and sat down behind the stove," said the President, "as far
+from him as I could get; and hoped to escape his notice. The fact that
+I wore glasses, together with my evident desire to avoid a fight,
+apparently gave him the impression that I could be imposed upon with
+impunity. He very soon approached me, flourishing his two guns, and
+ordered me to treat. I made no reply for some moments, when the fellow
+became so threatening that I saw something had to be done. The crowd,
+mostly sheep-herders and small grangers, sat or stood back against the
+wall, afraid to move. I was unarmed, and thought rapidly. Saying,
+'Well, if I must, I must,' I got up as if to walk around him to the
+bar, then, as I got opposite him, I wheeled and fetched him as heavy a
+blow on the chin-point as I could strike. He went down like a steer
+before the axe, firing both guns into the ceiling as he went. I jumped
+on him, and, with my knees on his chest, disarmed him in a hurry. The
+crowd was then ready enough to help me, and we hog-tied him and put
+him in an outhouse." The President alludes to this incident in his
+"Ranch Life," but does not give the details. It brings out his mettle
+very distinctly.
+
+He told us in an amused way of the attempts of his political opponents
+at Albany, during his early career as a member of the Assembly, to
+besmirch his character. His outspoken criticisms and denunciations had
+become intolerable to them, so they laid a trap for him, but he was
+not caught. His innate rectitude and instinct for the right course
+saved him, as it has saved him many times since. I do not think that
+in any emergency he has to debate with himself long as to the right
+course to be pursued; he divines it by a kind of infallible instinct.
+His motives are so simple and direct that he finds a straight and easy
+course where another man, whose eye is less single, would flounder and
+hesitate.
+
+One night he entertained us with reminiscences of the Cuban War, of
+his efforts to get his men to the firing line when the fighting began,
+of his greenness and general ignorance of the whole business of war,
+which in his telling was very amusing. He has probably put it all in
+his book about the war, a work I have not yet read. He described the
+look of the slope of Kettle Hill when they were about to charge up it,
+how the grass was combed and rippled by the storm of rifle bullets
+that swept down it. He said, "I was conscious of being pale when I
+looked at it and knew that in a few moments we were going to charge
+there." The men of his regiment were all lying flat upon the ground,
+and it became his duty to walk along their front and encourage them
+and order them up on their feet. "Get up, men, get up!" One big fellow
+did not rise. Roosevelt stooped down and took hold of him and ordered
+him up. Just at that moment a bullet struck the man and went the
+entire length of him. He never rose.
+
+On this or on another occasion when a charge was ordered, he found
+himself a hundred yards or more in advance of his regiment, with only
+the color bearer and one corporal with him. He said they planted the
+flag there, while he rushed back to fetch the men. He was evidently
+pretty hot. "Can it be that you flinched when I led the way!" and then
+they came with a rush. On the summit of Kettle Hill he was again in
+advance of his men, and as he came up, three Spaniards rose out of the
+trenches and deliberately fired at him at a distance of only a few
+paces, and then turned and fled. But a bullet from his revolver
+stopped one of them. He seems to have been as much exposed to bullets
+in this engagement as Washington was at Braddock's defeat, and to have
+escaped in the same marvelous manner.
+
+The President unites in himself powers and qualities that rarely go
+together. Thus, he has both physical and moral courage in a degree
+rare in history. He can stand calm and unflinching in the path of a
+charging grizzly, and he can confront with equal coolness and
+determination the predaceous corporations and money powers of the
+country.
+
+He unites the qualities of the man of action with those of the scholar
+and writer,--another very rare combination. He unites the instincts
+and accomplishments of the best breeding and culture with the broadest
+democratic sympathies and affiliations. He is as happy with a
+frontiersman like Seth Bullock as with a fellow Harvard man, and Seth
+Bullock is happy, too.
+
+He unites great austerity with great good nature. He unites great
+sensibility with great force and will power. He loves solitude, and he
+loves to be in the thick of the fight. His love of nature is equaled
+only by his love of the ways and marts of men.
+
+He is doubtless the most vital man on the continent, if not on the
+planet, to-day. He is many-sided, and every side throbs with his
+tremendous life and energy; the pressure is equal all around. His
+interests are as keen in natural history as in economics, in
+literature as in statecraft, in the young poet as in the old soldier,
+in preserving peace as in preparing for war. And he can turn all his
+great power into the new channel on the instant. His interest in the
+whole of life, and in the whole life of the nation, never flags for a
+moment. His activity is tireless. All the relaxation he needs or
+craves is a change of work. He is like the farmer's fields, that only
+need a rotation of crops. I once heard him say that all he cared about
+being President was just "the big work."
+
+During this tour through the West, lasting over two months, he made
+nearly three hundred speeches; and yet on his return Mrs. Roosevelt
+told me he looked as fresh and unworn as when he left home.
+
+We went up into the big geyser region with the big sleighs, each drawn
+by four horses. A big snow-bank had to be shoveled through for us
+before we got to the Golden Gate, two miles above Mammoth Hot
+Springs. Beyond that we were at an altitude of about eight thousand
+feet, on a fairly level course that led now through woods, and now
+through open country, with the snow of a uniform depth of four or five
+feet, except as we neared the "formations," where the subterranean
+warmth kept the ground bare. The roads had been broken and the snow
+packed for us by teams from the fort, otherwise the journey would have
+been impossible.
+
+The President always rode beside the driver. From his youth, he said,
+this seat had always been the most desirable one to him. When the
+sleigh would strike the bare ground, and begin to drag heavily, he
+would bound out nimbly and take to his heels, and then all three of
+us--Major Pitcher, Mr. Childs, and myself--would follow suit,
+sometimes reluctantly on my part. Walking at that altitude is no fun,
+especially if you try to keep pace with such a walker as the President
+is. But he could not sit at his ease and let those horses drag him in
+a sleigh over bare ground. When snow was reached, we would again
+quickly resume our seats.
+
+As one nears the geyser region, he gets the impression from the
+columns of steam going up here and there in the distance--now from
+behind a piece of woods, now from out a hidden valley--that he is
+approaching a manufacturing centre, or a railroad terminus. And when
+he begins to hear the hoarse snoring of "Roaring Mountain," the
+illusion is still more complete. At Norris's there is a big vent where
+the steam comes tearing out of a recent hole in the ground with
+terrific force. Huge mounds of ice had formed from the congealed vapor
+all around it, some of them very striking.
+
+The novelty of the geyser region soon wears off. Steam and hot water
+are steam and hot water the world over, and the exhibition of them
+here did not differ, except in volume, from what one sees by his own
+fireside. The "Growler" is only a boiling tea-kettle on a large scale,
+and "Old Faithful" is as if the lid were to fly off, and the whole
+contents of the kettle should be thrown high into the air. To be sure,
+boiling lakes and steaming rivers are not common, but the new features
+seemed, somehow, out of place, and as if nature had made a mistake.
+One disliked to see so much good steam and hot water going to waste;
+whole towns might be warmed by them, and big wheels made to go round.
+I wondered that they had not piped them into the big hotels which they
+opened for us, and which were warmed by wood fires.
+
+    [Illustration: SUNRISE IN YELLOWSTONE PARK.
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1904, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York.]
+
+At Norris's the big room that the President and I occupied was on the
+ground floor, and was heated by a huge box stove. As we entered it to
+go to bed, the President said, "Oom John, don't you think it is too
+hot here?"
+
+"I certainly do," I replied.
+
+"Shall I open the window?"
+
+"That will just suit me." And he threw the sash, which came down to
+the floor, all the way up, making an opening like a doorway. The night
+was cold, but neither of us suffered from the abundance of fresh air.
+
+The caretaker of the building was a big Swede called Andy. In the
+morning Andy said that beat him: "There was the President of the
+United States sleeping in that room, with the window open to the
+floor, and not so much as one soldier outside on guard."
+
+The President had counted much on seeing the bears that in summer
+board at the Fountain Hotel, but they were not yet out of their dens.
+We saw the track of only one, and he was not making for the hotel. At
+all the formations where the geysers are, the ground was bare over a
+large area. I even saw a wild flower--an early buttercup, not an inch
+high--in bloom. This seems to be the earliest wild flower in the
+Rockies. It is the only fragrant buttercup I know.
+
+As we were riding along in our big sleigh toward the Fountain Hotel,
+the President suddenly jumped out, and, with his soft hat as a shield
+to his hand, captured a mouse that was running along over the ground
+near us. He wanted it for Dr. Merriam, on the chance that it might be
+a new species. While we all went fishing in the afternoon, the
+President skinned his mouse, and prepared the pelt to be sent to
+Washington. It was done as neatly as a professed taxidermist would
+have done it. This was the only game the President killed in the
+Park. In relating the incident to a reporter while I was in Spokane,
+the thought occurred to me, Suppose he changes that _u_ to an _o_, and
+makes the President capture a moose, what a pickle I shall be in! Is
+it anything more than ordinary newspaper enterprise to turn a mouse
+into a moose? But, luckily for me, no such metamorphosis happened to
+that little mouse. It turned out not to be a new species, as it should
+have been, but a species new to the Park.
+
+I caught trout that afternoon, on the edge of steaming pools in the
+Madison River that seemed to my hand almost blood-warm. I suppose they
+found better feeding where the water was warm. On the table they did
+not compare with our Eastern brook trout.
+
+I was pleased to be told at one of the hotels that they had kalsomined
+some of the rooms with material from one of the devil's paint-pots.
+It imparted a soft, delicate, pinkish tint, not at all suggestive of
+things satanic.
+
+One afternoon at Norris's, the President and I took a walk to observe
+the birds. In the grove about the barns there was a great number, the
+most attractive to me being the mountain bluebird. These birds we saw
+in all parts of the Park, and at Norris's there was an unusual number
+of them. How blue they were,--breast and all! In voice and manner they
+were almost identical with our bluebird. The Western purple finch was
+abundant here also, and juncos, and several kinds of sparrows, with an
+occasional Western robin. A pair of wild geese were feeding in the
+low, marshy ground not over one hundred yards from us, but when we
+tried to approach nearer they took wing. A few geese and ducks seem to
+winter in the Park.
+
+The second morning at Norris's one of our teamsters, George Marvin,
+suddenly dropped dead from some heart affection, just as he had
+finished caring for his team. It was a great shock to us all. I never
+saw a better man with a team than he was. I had ridden on the seat
+beside him all the day previous. On one of the "formations" our teams
+had got mired in the soft, putty-like mud, and at one time it looked
+as if they could never extricate themselves, and I doubt if they could
+have, had it not been for the skill with which Marvin managed them. We
+started for the Grand Cañon up the Yellowstone that morning, and, in
+order to give myself a walk over the crisp snow in the clear, frosty
+air, I set out a little while in advance of the teams. As I did so, I
+saw the President, accompanied by one of the teamsters, walking
+hurriedly toward the barn to pay his last respects to the body of
+Marvin. After we had returned to Mammoth Hot Springs, he made
+inquiries for the young woman to whom he had been told that Marvin was
+engaged to be married. He looked her up, and sat a long time with her
+in her home, offering his sympathy, and speaking words of consolation.
+The act shows the depth and breadth of his humanity.
+
+At the Cañon Hotel the snow was very deep, and had become so soft from
+the warmth of the earth beneath, as well as from the sun above, that
+we could only reach the brink of the Cañon on skis. The President and
+Major Pitcher had used skis before, but I had not, and, starting out
+without the customary pole, I soon came to grief. The snow gave way
+beneath me, and I was soon in an awkward predicament. The more I
+struggled, the lower my head and shoulders went, till only my heels,
+strapped to those long timbers, protruded above the snow. To reverse
+my position was impossible till some one came and reached me the end
+of a pole, and pulled me upright. But I very soon got the hang of the
+things, and the President and I quickly left the superintendent
+behind. I think I could have passed the President, but my manners
+forbade. He was heavier than I was, and broke in more. When one of his
+feet would go down half a yard or more, I noted with admiration the
+skilled diplomacy he displayed in extricating it. The tendency of my
+skis was all the time to diverge, and each to go off at an acute angle
+to my main course, and I had constantly to be on the alert to check
+this tendency.
+
+Paths had been shoveled for us along the brink of the Cañon, so that
+we got the usual views from the different points. The Cañon was nearly
+free from snow, and was a grand spectacle, by far the grandest to be
+seen in the Park. The President told us that once, when pressed for
+meat, while returning through here from one of his hunting trips, he
+had made his way down to the river that we saw rushing along beneath
+us, and had caught some trout for dinner. Necessity alone could induce
+him to fish.
+
+Across the head of the Falls there was a bridge of snow and ice, upon
+which we were told that the coyotes passed. As the season progressed,
+there would come a day when the bridge would not be safe. It would be
+interesting to know if the coyotes knew when this time arrived.
+
+The only live thing we saw in the Cañon was an osprey perched upon a
+rock opposite us.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT ON A TRAIL
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+Near the falls of the Yellowstone, as at other places we had visited,
+a squad of soldiers had their winter quarters. The President called on
+them, as he had called upon the others, looked over the books they had
+to read, examined their housekeeping arrangements, and conversed
+freely with them.
+
+In front of the hotel were some low hills separated by gentle valleys.
+At the President's suggestion, he and I raced on our skis down those
+inclines. We had only to stand up straight, and let gravity do the
+rest. As we were going swiftly down the side of one of the hills, I
+saw out of the corner of my eye the President taking a header into the
+snow. The snow had given way beneath him, and nothing could save him
+from taking the plunge. I don't know whether I called out, or only
+thought, something about the downfall of the administration. At any
+rate, the administration was down, and pretty well buried, but it was
+quickly on its feet again, shaking off the snow with a boy's
+laughter. I kept straight on, and very soon the laugh was on me, for
+the treacherous snow sank beneath me, and I took a header, too.
+
+"Who is laughing now, Oom John?" called out the President.
+
+The spirit of the boy was in the air that day about the Cañon of the
+Yellowstone, and the biggest boy of us all was President Roosevelt.
+
+The snow was getting so soft in the middle of the day that our return
+to the Mammoth Hot Springs could no longer be delayed. Accordingly, we
+were up in the morning, and ready to start on the home journey, a
+distance of twenty miles, by four o'clock. The snow bore up the horses
+well till mid-forenoon, when it began to give way beneath them. But by
+very careful management we pulled through without serious delay, and
+were back again at the house of Major Pitcher in time for luncheon,
+being the only outsiders who had ever made the tour of the Park so
+early in the season.
+
+A few days later I bade good-by to the President, who went on his way
+to California, while I made a loop of travel to Spokane, and around
+through Idaho and Montana, and had glimpses of the great, optimistic,
+sunshiny West that I shall not soon forget.
+
+
+
+
+PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A NATURE-LOVER AND OBSERVER
+
+
+
+
+PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A NATURE-LOVER AND OBSERVER
+
+
+Our many-sided President has a side to his nature of which the public
+has heard but little, and which, in view of his recent criticism of
+what he calls the nature fakirs, is of especial interest and
+importance. I refer to his keenness and enthusiasm as a student of
+animal life, and his extraordinary powers of observation. The charge
+recently made against him that he is only a sportsman and has only a
+sportsman's interest in nature is very wide of the mark. Why, I cannot
+now recall that I have ever met a man with a keener and more
+comprehensive interest in the wild life about us--an interest that is
+at once scientific and thoroughly human. And by human I do not mean
+anything akin to the sentimentalism that sicklies o'er so much of our
+more recent natural history writing, and that inspires the founding of
+hospitals for sick cats; but I mean his robust, manly love for all
+open-air life, and his sympathetic insight into it. When I first read
+his "Wilderness Hunter," many years ago, I was impressed by his rare
+combination of the sportsman and the naturalist. When I accompanied
+him on his trip to the Yellowstone Park in April, 1903, I got a fresh
+impression of the extent of his natural history knowledge and of his
+trained powers of observation. Nothing escaped him, from bears to
+mice, from wild geese to chickadees, from elk to red squirrels; he
+took it all in, and he took it in as only an alert, vigorous mind can
+take it in. On that occasion I was able to help him identify only one
+new bird, as I have related in the foregoing chapter. All the other
+birds he recognized as quickly as I did.
+
+During a recent half-day spent with the President at Sagamore Hill I
+got a still more vivid impression of his keenness and quickness in all
+natural history matters. The one passion of his life seemed natural
+history, and the appearance of a new warbler in his woods--new in the
+breeding season on Long Island--seemed an event that threw the affairs
+of state and of the presidential succession quite into the background.
+Indeed, he fairly bubbled over with delight at the thought of his new
+birds and at the prospect of showing them to his visitors. He said to
+my friend who accompanied me, John Lewis Childs, of Floral Park, a
+former State Senator, that he could not talk politics then, he wanted
+to talk and to hunt birds. And it was not long before he was as hot
+on the trail of that new warbler as he had recently been on the trail
+of some of the great trusts. Fancy a President of the United States
+stalking rapidly across bushy fields to the woods, eager as a boy and
+filled with the one idea of showing to his visitors the black-throated
+green warbler! We were presently in the edge of the woods and standing
+under a locust tree, where the President had several times seen and
+heard his rare visitant. "That's his note now," he said, and we all
+three recognized it at the same instant. It came from across a little
+valley fifty yards farther in the woods. We were soon standing under
+the tree in which the bird was singing, and presently had our glasses
+upon him.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT'S HOME ON SAGAMORE HILL, SHOWING
+    ADDITION KNOWN AS THE TROPHY ROOM
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+"There is no mistake about it, Mr. President," we both said; "it is
+surely the black-throated green," and he laughed in glee. "I knew it
+could be no other; there is no mistaking that song and those markings.
+'Trees, trees, murmuring trees!' some one reports him as saying. Now
+if we could only find the nest;" but we did not, though it was
+doubtless not far off.
+
+Our warblers, both in color and in song, are bewildering even to the
+experienced ornithologist, but the President had mastered most of
+them. Not long before he had written me from Washington that he had
+just come in from walking with Mrs. Roosevelt about the White House
+grounds looking up arriving warblers. "Most of the warblers were up in
+the tops of the trees, and I could not get a good glimpse of them; but
+there was one with chestnut cheeks, with bright yellow behind the
+cheeks, and a yellow breast thickly streaked with black, which has
+puzzled me. Doubtless it is a very common kind which has for the
+moment slipped my memory. I saw the Blackburnian, the summer
+yellowbird, and the black-throated green." The next day he wrote me
+that he had identified the puzzling warbler; it was the Cape May.
+There is a tradition among newspaper men in Washington that a Cape May
+warbler once broke up a Cabinet meeting; maybe this was that identical
+bird.
+
+At luncheon he told us of some of his ornithological excursions in the
+White House grounds, how people would stare at him as he stood gazing
+up into the trees like one demented. "No doubt they thought me
+insane." "Yes," said Mrs. Roosevelt, "and as I was always with him,
+they no doubt thought I was the nurse that had him in charge."
+
+In his "Pastimes of an American Hunter" he tells of the owls that in
+June sometimes came after nightfall about the White House. "Sometimes
+they flew noiselessly to and fro, and seemingly caught big insects on
+the wing. At other times they would perch on the iron awning bars
+directly overhead. Once one of them perched over one of the windows
+and sat motionless, looking exactly like an owl of Pallas Athene."
+
+He knew the vireos also, and had seen and heard the white-eyed at his
+Virginia place, "Pine Knot," and he described its peculiar, emphatic
+song. As I moved along with the thought of this bird in mind and its
+snappy, incisive song, as I used to hear it in the old days near
+Washington, I fancied I caught its note in a dense bushy place below
+us. We paused to listen. "A catbird," said the President, and so we
+all agreed. We saw and heard a chewink. "Out West the chewink calls
+like a catbird," he observed. Continuing our walk, we skirted the edge
+of an orchard. Here the President called our attention to a
+high-hole's nest in a cavity of an old apple tree. He rapped on the
+trunk of the tree that we might hear the smothered cry for food of the
+young inside. A few days before he had found one of the half-fledged
+young on the ground under the tree, and had managed to reach up and
+drop it back into the nest. "What a boiling there was in there," he
+said, "when the youngster dropped in!"
+
+A cuckoo called in a tree overhead, the first I had heard this season.
+I feared the cold spring had cut them off. "The yellow-billed,
+undoubtedly," the President observed, and was confirmed by Mr. Childs.
+I was not certain that I knew the call of the yellow-billed from that
+of the black-billed. "We have them both," said the President, "but the
+yellow-billed is the more common."
+
+We continued our walk along a path that led down through a most
+delightful wood to the bay. Everywhere the marks of the President's
+axe were visible, as he had with his own hand thinned out and cleared
+up a large section of the wood.
+
+A few days previous he had seen some birds in a group of tulip-trees
+near the edge of the woods facing the water; he thought they were
+rose-breasted grosbeaks, but could not quite make them out. He had
+hoped to find them there now, and we looked and listened for some
+moments, but no birds appeared.
+
+Then he led us to a little pond in the midst of the forest where the
+night heron sometimes nested. A pair of them had nested there in a big
+water maple the year before, but the crows had broken them up. As we
+reached the spot the cry of the heron was heard over the tree-tops.
+"That is its alarm note," said the President. I remarked that it was
+much like the cry of the little green heron. "Yes, it is, but if we
+wait here till the heron returns, and we are not discovered, you would
+hear his other more characteristic call, a hoarse quawk."
+
+Presently we moved on along another path through the woods toward the
+house. A large, wide-spreading oak attracted my attention--a superb
+tree.
+
+"You see by the branching of that oak," said the President, "that when
+it grew up this wood was an open field and maybe under the plough; it
+is only in fields that oaks take that form." I knew it was true, but
+my mind did not take in the fact when I first saw the tree. His mind
+acts with wonderful swiftness and completeness, as I had abundant
+proof that day.
+
+    [Illustration: A BIT OF WOODLAND ON THE SLOPE TOWARDS OYSTER
+    BAY
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+As we walked along we discussed many questions, all bearing directly
+or indirectly upon natural history. The conversation was perpetually
+interrupted by some bird-note in the trees about us which we would
+pause to identify--the President's ear, I thought, being the most
+alert of the three. Continuing the talk, he dwelt upon the inaccuracy
+of most persons' seeing, and upon the unreliability as natural history
+of most of the stories told by guides and hunters. Sometimes writers
+of repute were to be read with caution. He mentioned that excellent
+hunting book of Colonel Dodge's, in which are described two species of
+the puma, one in the West called the "mountain lion," very fierce and
+dangerous; the other called in the East the "panther,"--a harmless and
+cowardly animal. "Both the same species," said the President, "and
+almost identical in disposition."
+
+Nothing is harder than to convince a person that he has seen wrongly.
+The other day a doctor accosted me in the street of one of our inland
+towns to tell me of a strange bird he had seen; the bird was
+blood-red all over and was in some low bushes by the roadside. Of
+course I thought of our scarlet tanager, which was then just arriving.
+No, he knew that bird with black wings and tail; this bird had no
+black upon it, but every quill and feather was vivid scarlet. The
+doctor was very positive, so I had to tell him we had no such bird in
+our state. There was the summer redbird common in the Southern States,
+but this place is much beyond its northern limit, and, besides, this
+bird is not scarlet, but is of a dull red. Of course he had seen a
+tanager, but in the shade of the bushes the black of the wings and
+tail had escaped him.
+
+This was simply a case of mis-seeing in an educated man; but in the
+untrained minds of trappers and woodsmen generally there is an element
+of the superstitious, and a love for the marvelous, which often
+prevents them from seeing the wild life about them just as it is. They
+possess the mythopoeic faculty, and they unconsciously give play to
+it.
+
+Thus our talk wandered as we wandered along the woods and field paths.
+The President brought us back by the corner of a clover meadow where
+he was sure a pair of red-shouldered starlings had a nest. He knew it
+was an unlikely place for starlings to nest, as they breed in marshes
+and along streams and in the low bushes on lake borders, but this pair
+had always shown great uneasiness when he had approached this plot of
+tall clover. As we drew near, the male starling appeared and uttered
+his alarm note. The President struck out to look for the nest, and for
+a time the Administration was indeed in clover, with the alarmed
+black-bird circling above it and showing great agitation. For my
+part, I hesitated on the edge of the clover patch, having a farmer's
+dread of seeing fine grass trampled down. I suggested to the President
+that he was injuring his hay crop; that the nest was undoubtedly there
+or near there; so he came out of the tall grass, and, after looking
+into the old tumbled-down barn--a regular early settler's barn, with
+huge timbers hewn from forest trees--that stood near by, and which the
+President said he preserved for its picturesqueness and its savor of
+old times, as well as for a place to romp in with his dogs and
+children, we made our way to the house.
+
+The purple finch nested in the trees about the house, and the
+President was greatly pleased that he was able to show us this bird
+also.
+
+    [Illustration: A PATH IN THE WOODS LEADING TO COLD SPRING
+    HARBOR
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+A few days previous to our visit the children had found a bird's nest
+on the ground, in the grass, a few yards below the front of the house.
+There were young birds in it, and as the President had seen the
+grasshopper sparrow about there, he concluded the nest belonged to it.
+We went down to investigate it, and found the young gone and two
+addled eggs in the nest. When the President saw those eggs, he said:
+"That is not the nest of the grasshopper sparrow, after all; those are
+the eggs of the song sparrow, though the nest is more like that of the
+vesper sparrow. The eggs of the grasshopper sparrow are much lighter
+in color--almost white, with brown specks." For my part, I had quite
+forgotten for the moment how the eggs of the little sparrow looked or
+differed in color from those of the song sparrow. But the President
+has so little to remember that he forgets none of these minor things!
+His bird-lore and wood-lore seem as fresh as if just learned.
+
+I asked him if he ever heard that rare piece of bird music, the flight
+song of the oven-bird. "Yes," he replied, "we frequently hear it of an
+evening, while we are sitting on the porch, right down there at the
+corner of the woods." Now, this flight song of the oven-bird was
+unknown to the older ornithologists, and Thoreau, with all his years
+of patient and tireless watching of birds and plants, never identified
+it; but the President had caught it quickly and easily, sitting on his
+porch at Sagamore Hill. I believe I may take the credit of being the
+first to identify and describe this song--back in the old "Wake Robin"
+days.
+
+In an inscription in a book the President had just given me he had
+referred to himself as my pupil. Now I was to be his pupil. In dealing
+with the birds I could keep pace with him pretty easily, and, maybe,
+occasionally lead him; but when we came to consider big game and the
+animal life of the globe, I was nowhere. His experience with the big
+game has been very extensive, and his acquaintance with the literature
+of the subject is far beyond my own; and he forgets nothing, while my
+memory is a sieve. In his study he set before me a small bronze
+elephant in action, made by the famous French sculptor Barye. He asked
+me if I saw anything wrong with it. I looked it over carefully, and
+was obliged to confess that, so far as I could see, it was all right.
+Then he placed before me another, by a Japanese artist. Instantly I
+saw what was wrong with the Frenchman's elephant. Its action was like
+that of a horse or a cow, or any trotting animal--a hind and a front
+foot on opposite sides moving together. The Japanese had caught the
+real movement of the animal, which is that of a pacer--both legs on
+the same side at a time. What different effects the two actions gave
+the statuettes! The free swing of the Japanese elephant you at once
+recognize as the real thing. The President laughed, and said he had
+never seen any criticism of Barye's elephant on this ground, or any
+allusion to his mistake; it was his own discovery. I was fairly beaten
+at my own game of observation.
+
+He then took down a copy of his "Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail,"
+and pointed out to me the mistakes the artist had made in some of his
+drawings of big Western game.
+
+"Do you see anything wrong in the head of the pronghorn?" he asked,
+referring to the animal which the hunter is bringing in on the saddle
+behind him. Again I had to confess that I could not. Then he showed me
+the mounted head of a pronghorn over the mantel in one of his rooms,
+and called my attention to the fact that the eye was close under the
+root of the horn, whereas in the picture the artist had placed it
+about two inches too low. And in the artist's picture of the
+pronghorn, which heads Chapter IX, he had made the tail much too long,
+as he had the tail of the elk on the opposite page.
+
+I had heard of Mr. Roosevelt's attending a fair in Orange County,
+while he was Governor, where a group of mounted deer were exhibited.
+It seems the group had had rough usage, and one of the deer had lost
+its tail and a new one had been supplied. No one had noticed anything
+wrong with it till Mr. Roosevelt came along. "But the minute he
+clapped his eyes on that group," says the exhibitor, "he called out,
+'Here, Gunther, what do you mean by putting a white-tail deer's tail
+on a black-tail deer?" Such closeness and accuracy of observation even
+few naturalists can lay claim to. I mentioned the incident to him,
+and he recalled it laughingly. He then took down a volume on the deer
+family which he had himself had a share in writing, and pointed out
+two mistakes in the naming of the pictures which had been overlooked.
+The picture of the "white-tail in flight" was the black-tail of
+Colorado, and the picture of the black-tail of Colorado showed the
+black-tail of Columbia--the difference this time being seen in the
+branching of the horns.
+
+The President took us through his house and showed us his trophies of
+the chase--bearskins of all sorts and sizes on the floors, panther and
+lynx skins on the chairs, and elk heads and deer heads on the walls,
+and one very large skin of the gray timber wolf. We examined the teeth
+of the wolf, barely more than an inch long, and we all laughed at the
+idea of its reaching the heart of a caribou through the breast by a
+snap, or any number of snaps, as it has been reported to do. I doubt
+if it could have reached the heart of a gobbler turkey in that way at
+a single snap.
+
+    [Illustration: A YEARLING IN THE APPLE ORCHARD
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+The President's interest in birds, and in natural history generally,
+dates from his youth. While yet in his teens he published a list of
+the birds of Franklin County, New York. He showed me a bird journal
+which he kept in Egypt when he was a lad of fourteen, and a case of
+three African plovers which he had set up at that time; and they were
+well done.
+
+Evidently one of his chief sources of pleasure at Sagamore Hill is the
+companionship of the birds. He missed the bobolink, the seaside finch,
+and the marsh wren, but his woods and grounds abounded in other
+species. He knew and enjoyed not only all the more common birds, but
+many rarer and shyer ones that few country people ever take note
+of--such as the Maryland yellow-throat, the black and white creeper,
+the yellow-breasted chat, the oven-bird, the prairie warbler, the
+great crested flycatcher, the wood pewee, and the sharp-tailed finch.
+He enjoyed the little owls, too. "It is a pity the little-eared owl is
+called a screech owl. Its tremulous, quavering cry is not a screech at
+all, and has an attraction of its own. These little owls come up to
+the house after dark, and are fond of sitting on the elk's antlers
+over the gable. When the moon is up, by choosing one's position, the
+little owl appears in sharp outline against the bright disk, seated on
+his many-tined perch."
+
+A few days after my visit he wrote me that he had identified the
+yellow-throated or Dominican warbler in his woods, the first he had
+ever seen. I had to confess to him that I had never seen the bird. It
+is very rare north of Maryland. The same letter records several
+interesting little incidents in the wild life about him:
+
+"The other night I took out the boys in rowboats for a camping-out
+expedition. We camped on the beach under a low bluff near the grove
+where a few years ago on a similar expedition we saw a red fox. This
+time two young foxes, evidently this year's cubs, came around the camp
+half a dozen times during the night, coming up within ten yards of the
+fire to pick up scraps and seeming to be very little bothered by our
+presence. Yesterday on the tennis ground I found a mole shrew. He was
+near the side lines first. I picked him up in my handkerchief, for he
+bit my hand, and after we had all looked at him I let him go; but in a
+few minutes he came back and deliberately crossed the tennis grounds
+by the net. As he ran over the level floor of the court, his motion
+reminded all of us of the motion of those mechanical mice that run
+around on wheels when wound up. A chipmunk that lives near the tennis
+court continually crosses it when the game is in progress. He has done
+it two or three times this year, and either he or his predecessor has
+had the same habit for several years. I am really puzzled to know why
+he should go across this perfectly bare surface, with the players
+jumping about on it, when he is not frightened and has no reason that
+I can see for going. Apparently he grows accustomed to the players and
+moves about among them as he would move about, for instance, among a
+herd of cattle."
+
+The President is a born nature-lover, and he has what does not always
+go with this passion--remarkable powers of observation. He sees
+quickly and surely, not less so with the corporeal eye than with the
+mental. His exceptional vitality, his awareness all around, gives the
+clue to his powers of seeing. The chief qualification of a born
+observer is an alert, sensitive, objective type of mind, and this
+Roosevelt has in a preëminent degree.
+
+You may know the true observer, not by the big things he sees, but by
+the little things; and then not by the things he sees with effort and
+premeditation, but by his effortless, unpremeditated seeing--the
+quick, spontaneous action of his mind in the presence of natural
+objects. Everybody sees the big things, and anybody can go out with
+note-book and opera-glass and make a dead set at the birds, or can go
+into the northern forests and interview guides and trappers and
+Indians, and stare in at the door of the "school of the woods." None
+of these things evince powers of observation; they only evince
+industry and intention. In fact, born observers are about as rare as
+born poets. Plenty of men can see straight and report straight what
+they see; but the men who see what others miss, who see quickly and
+surely, who have the detective eye, like Sherlock Holmes, who "get the
+drop," so to speak, on every object, who see minutely and who see
+whole, are rare indeed.
+
+President Roosevelt comes as near fulfilling this ideal as any man I
+have known. His mind moves with wonderful celerity, and yet as an
+observer he is very cautious, jumps to no hasty conclusions.
+
+He had written me, toward the end of May, that while at Pine Knot in
+Virginia he had seen a small flock of passenger pigeons. As I had been
+following up the reports of wild pigeons from various parts of our
+own state during the past two or three years, this statement of the
+President's made me prick up my ears. In my reply I said, "I hope you
+are sure about those pigeons," and I told him of my interest in the
+subject, and also how all reports of pigeons in the East had been
+discredited by a man in Michigan who was writing a book on the
+subject. This made him prick up his ears, and he replied that while he
+felt very certain he had seen a small band of the old wild pigeons,
+yet he might have been deceived; the eye sometimes plays one tricks.
+He said that in his old ranch days he and a cowboy companion thought
+one day that they had discovered a colony of _black_ prairie dogs,
+thanks entirely to the peculiar angle at which the light struck them.
+He said that while he was President he did not want to make any
+statement, even about pigeons, for the truth of which he did not have
+good evidence. He would have the matter looked into by a friend at
+Pine Knot upon whom he could depend. He did so, and convinced himself
+and me also that he had really seen wild pigeons. I had the pleasure
+of telling him that in the same mail with his letter came the news to
+me of a large flock of wild pigeons having been seen near the
+Beaverkill in Sullivan County, New York. While he was verifying his
+observation I was in Sullivan County verifying this report. I saw and
+questioned persons who had seen the pigeons, and I came away fully
+convinced that a flock of probably a thousand birds had been seen
+there late in the afternoon of May 23. "You need have no doubt about
+it," said the most competent witness, an old farmer. "I lived here
+when the pigeons nested here in countless numbers forty years ago. I
+know pigeons as I know folks, and these were pigeons."
+
+    [Illustration: HALLWAY, SAGAMORE HILL
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+I mention this incident of the pigeons because I know that the fact
+that they have been lately seen in considerable numbers will be good
+news to a large number of readers.
+
+The President's nature-love is deep and abiding. Not every bird
+student succeeds in making the birds a part of his life. Not till you
+have long and sympathetic intercourse with them, in fact, not till you
+have loved them for their own sake, do they enter into and become a
+part of your life. I could quote many passages from President
+Roosevelt's books which show how he has felt and loved the birds, and
+how discriminating his ear is with regard to their songs. Here is
+one:--
+
+"The meadow-lark is a singer of a higher order [than the plains
+skylark], deserving to rank with the best. Its song has length,
+variety, power, and rich melody, and there is in it sometimes a
+cadence of wild sadness inexpressibly touching. Yet I cannot say that
+either song would appeal to others as it appeals to me; for to me it
+comes forever laden with a hundred memories and associations--with the
+sight of dim hills reddening in the dawn, with the breath of cool
+morning winds blowing across lonely plains, with the scent of flowers
+on the sunlit prairie, with the motion of fiery horses, with all the
+strong thrill of eager and buoyant life. I doubt if any man can judge
+dispassionately the bird-songs of his own country; he cannot
+disassociate them from the sights and sounds of the land that is so
+dear to him."
+
+Here is another, touching upon some European song-birds as compared
+with some of our own: "No one can help liking the lark; it is such a
+brave, honest, cheery bird, and moreover its song is uttered in the
+air, and is very long-sustained. But it is by no means a musician of
+the first rank. The nightingale is a performer of a very different and
+far higher order; yet though it is indeed a notable and admirable
+singer, it is an exaggeration to call it unequaled. In melody, and
+above all in that finer, higher melody where the chords vibrate with
+the touch of eternal sorrow, it cannot rank with such singers as the
+wood-thrush and the hermit-thrush. The serene ethereal beauty of the
+hermit's song, rising and falling through the still evening, under the
+archways of hoary mountain forests that have endured from time
+everlasting; the golden, leisurely chiming of the wood-thrush,
+sounding on June afternoons, stanza by stanza, through the
+sun-flecked groves of tall hickories, oaks, and chestnuts; with these
+there is nothing in the nightingale's song to compare. But in volume
+and continuity, in tuneful, voluble, rapid outpouring and ardor, above
+all in skillful and intricate variation of theme, its song far
+surpasses that of either of the thrushes. In all these respects it is
+more just to compare it with the mocking-bird's, which, as a rule,
+likewise falls short precisely on those points where the songs of the
+two thrushes excel."
+
+In his "Pastimes of an American Hunter" he says: "It is an
+incalculable added pleasure to any one's sense of happiness if he or
+she grows to know, even slightly and imperfectly, how to read and
+enjoy the wonder-book of nature. All hunters should be nature-lovers.
+It is to be hoped that the days of mere wasteful, boastful slaughter
+are past, and that from now on the hunter will stand foremost in
+working for the preservation and perpetuation of the wild life,
+whether big or little." Surely this man is the rarest kind of a
+sportsman.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt, by 
+John Burroughs
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPING & TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 33053-8.txt or 33053-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/0/5/33053/
+
+Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/33053-8.zip b/33053-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b226c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-8.zip
diff --git a/33053-h.zip b/33053-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21548d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h.zip
diff --git a/33053-h/33053-h.htm b/33053-h/33053-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407da46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/33053-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,3523 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt, by John Burroughs.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+    hr { width: 33%;
+	 margin-top: 2em;
+	 margin-bottom: 2em;
+         margin-left: auto;
+         margin-right: auto;
+         clear: both;
+       }
+
+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 1.1em;}
+
+    body{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+
+    .pagenum  { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
+            /*  visibility: hidden;  */
+                position: absolute;
+                left: 92%;
+                font-size: smaller;
+                text-align: right;
+              } /* page numbers */
+
+    .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;}
+
+    .bbox     {border: solid 2px; margin-top: 2em;}
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+    .u        {text-decoration: underline;}
+
+    .caption  {font-weight: bold;}
+
+    .figcenter   {margin: auto; text-align: center;}
+
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt, by John Burroughs
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt
+
+Author: John Burroughs
+
+Release Date: July 2, 2010 [EBook #33053]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPING & TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 409px;">
+<img src="images/i001.jpg" height="640" width="409" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>CAMPING &amp;</big><br />
+<big>TRAMPING</big><br />
+WITH<br />
+<big>ROOSEVELT</big><br /><br />
+BY JOHN BURROUGHS</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="bbox">
+<h2>Books by John Burroughs</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><b>WORKS.</b> 19 vols., uniform, 16mo, with frontispiece, gilt top.</p>
+
+<p>
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Wake-Robin.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Winter Sunshine.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Locusts and Wild Honey.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Fresh Fields.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Indoor Studies.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Birds and Poets</span>, with Other Papers.<br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Pepacton</span>, and Other Sketches.<br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Signs and Seasons.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Riverby.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Whitman: A Study.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">The Light of Day.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Literary Values.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Far and Near.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Ways of Nature.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Leaf and Tendril.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Time and Change.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">The Summit of the Years.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">The Breath of Life.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Under the Apple-Trees.</span><br />
+&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smcap">Field and Study.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><b>FIELD AND STUDY.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>UNDER THE APPLE-TREES.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>THE BREATH OF LIFE.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>THE SUMMIT OF THE YEARS.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>TIME AND CHANGE.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>LEAF AND TENDRIL.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>WAYS OF NATURE.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>FAR AND NEAR.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>LITERARY VALUES.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>THE LIGHT OF DAY.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>WHITMAN: A Study.</b> <i>Riverside Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>A YEAR IN THE FIELDS.</b> Selections appropriate
+to each season of the year, from the writings of John
+Burroughs. Illustrated from Photographs by <span class="smcap">Clifton
+Johnson</span>.</p>
+
+<p><b>IN THE CATSKILLS.</b> Illustrated from Photographs
+by <span class="smcap">Clifton Johnson</span>.</p>
+
+<p><b>CAMPING AND TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT.</b>
+Illustrated from Photographs.</p>
+
+<p><b>BIRD AND BOUGH.</b> Poems.</p>
+
+<p><b>WINTER SUNSHINE.</b> <i>Cambridge Classics Series.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>WAKE-ROBIN.</b> <i>Riverside Aldine Series.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>SQUIRRELS AND OTHER FUR-BEARERS.</b> Illustrated.</p>
+
+<p><b>BIRD STORIES FROM BURROUGHS.</b> Illustrated.</p></div>
+
+<h4>HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY<br />
+<span class="smcap">Boston and New York</span></h4>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 648px">
+<a name="frontis" id="frontis"></a>
+<img src="images/i002.jpg" height="1024" width="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>THE PRESIDENT ON GLACIER POINT, YOSEMITE VALLEY</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h1>CAMPING &amp; TRAMPING<br />
+WITH ROOSEVELT</h1>
+
+<h3>BY<br />
+<big>JOHN BURROUGHS</big><br />
+<br />
+<i>WITH ILLUSTRATIONS</i></h3>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 93px">
+<img src="images/i003.jpg" height="152" width="93" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>BOSTON AND NEW YORK<br />
+HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY<br />
+The Riverside Press Cambridge<br />
+</h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<h5>COPYRIGHT 1906 BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN &amp; CO.<br />
+COPYRIGHT 1907 BY THE OUTLOOK COMPANY<br />
+COPYRIGHT 1907 BY JOHN BURROUGHS<br />
+<br />
+<i>Published October 1907</i><br />
+</h5>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg v]</a></span></p>
+<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="ILLUSTRATIONS">
+<tr>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td align="right"><small>PAGE</small></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#frontis"><span class="smcap">The President on Glacier Point, Yosemite Valley</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right"><i>Frontispiece</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img10"><span class="smcap">Arrival at Gardiner, Montana</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img24"><span class="smcap">The President, Mr. Burroughs and Secretary Loeb</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">24</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img38"><span class="smcap">The President in the Bear Country</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">38</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img50"><span class="smcap">Mr. Burroughs's Favorite Pastime</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">50</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img64"><span class="smcap">Sunrise in the Yellowstone</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">64</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img72"><span class="smcap">The President on a Trail</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">72</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img82"><span class="smcap">The President's Home on Sagamore Hill, showing addition known as the Trophy Room</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">82</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img88"><span class="smcap">A Bit of Woodland on the Slope towards Oyster Bay</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">88</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img92"><span class="smcap">A Path in the Woods leading to Cold Spring Harbor</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">92</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img98"><span class="smcap">A Yearling in the Apple Orchard</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">98</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#img106"><span class="smcap">Hallway, Sagamore Hill</span></a></td>
+  <td align="right">106</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg vi]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg vii]</a></span></p>
+<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2>
+
+
+<p>This little volume really needs no introduction;
+the two sketches of which it is
+made explain and, I hope, justify themselves.
+But there is one phase of the
+President's many-sided character upon
+which I should like to lay especial emphasis,
+namely, his natural history bent
+and knowledge. Amid all his absorbing
+interests and masterful activities in other
+fields, his interest and his authority in
+practical natural history are by no means
+the least. I long ago had very direct proof
+of this statement. In some of my English
+sketches, following a visit to that island
+in 1882, I had, rather by implication than
+by positive statement, inclined to the
+opinion that the European forms of animal
+life were, as a rule, larger and more
+hardy and prolific than the corresponding
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg viii]</a></span>
+forms in this country. Roosevelt could
+not let this statement or suggestion go
+unchallenged, and the letter which I received
+from him in 1892, touching these
+things, is of double interest at this time,
+as showing one phase of his radical
+Americanism, while it exhibits him as a
+thoroughgoing naturalist. I am sure my
+readers will welcome the gist of this letter.
+After some preliminary remarks he
+says:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The point of which I am speaking
+is where you say that the Old World
+forms of animal life are coarser, stronger,
+fiercer, and more fertile than those of the
+New World." (My statement was not
+quite so sweeping as this.) "Now I don't
+think that this is so; at least, comparing
+the forms which are typical of North
+America and of northern Asia and
+Europe, which together form but one
+province of animal life.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg ix]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Many animals and birds which increase
+very fast in new countries, and
+which are commonly spoken of as European
+in their origin, are really as alien
+to Europe as to their new homes. Thus
+the rabbit, rat, and mouse are just as
+truly interlopers in England as in the
+United States and Australia, having
+moved thither apparently within historic
+times, the rabbit from North Africa, the
+others from southern Asia; and one could
+no more generalize upon the comparative
+weakness of the American fauna from
+these cases of intruders than one could
+generalize from them upon the comparative
+weakness of the British, German,
+and French wild animals. Our wood
+mouse or deer mouse retreats before the
+ordinary house mouse in exactly the same
+way that the European wood mouse does,
+and not a whit more. Our big wood rat
+stands in the same relation to the house
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg x]</a></span>
+rat. Casting aside these cases, it seems
+to me, looking at the mammals, that it
+would be quite impossible to generalize
+as to whether those of the Old or the New
+World are more fecund, are the fiercest,
+the hardiest, or the strongest. A great
+many cases could be cited on both sides.
+Our moose and caribou are, in certain of
+their varieties, rather larger than the Old
+World forms of the same species. If
+there is any difference between the beavers
+of the two countries, it is in the same direction.
+So with the great family of the
+field mice. The largest true arvicola
+seems to be the yellow-cheeked mouse of
+Hudson's Bay, and the biggest representative
+of the family on either continent is
+the muskrat. In most of its varieties the
+wolf of North America seems to be inferior
+in strength and courage to that of
+northern Europe and Asia; but the direct
+reverse is true with the grizzly bear, which
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg xi]</a></span>
+is merely a somewhat larger and fiercer
+variety of the common European brown
+bear. On the whole, the Old World bison,
+or so-called aurochs, appears to be somewhat
+more formidable than its American
+brother; but the difference against the
+latter is not anything like as great as the
+difference in favor of the American wapiti,
+which is nothing but a giant representative
+of the comparatively puny European
+stag. So with the red fox. The fox
+of New York is about the size of that
+of France, and inferior in size to that of
+Scotland; the latter in turn is inferior in
+size to the big fox of the upper Missouri,
+while the largest of all comes from British
+America. There is no basis for the belief
+that the red fox was imported here from
+Europe; its skin was a common article
+of trade with the Canadian fur traders
+from the earliest times. On the other
+hand, the European lynx is much bigger
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg xii]</a></span>
+than the American. The weasels afford
+cases in point, showing how hard it is to
+make a general law on the subject. The
+American badger is very much smaller
+than the European, and the American
+otter very much larger than the European
+otter. Our pine marten, or sable, compared
+with that of Europe, shows the
+very qualities of which you speak; that
+is, its skull is slenderer, the bones are
+somewhat lighter, the teeth less stout, the
+form showing more grace and less strength.
+But curiously enough this is reversed,
+with even greater emphasis, in the minks
+of the two continents, the American being
+much the largest and strongest, with
+stouter teeth, bigger bones, and a stronger
+animal in every way. The little weasel is
+on the whole smaller here, while the big
+weasel, or stoat, is, in some of its varieties
+at least, largest on this side; and, of the
+true weasels, the largest of all is the so-called
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg xiii]</a></span>
+fisher, a purely American beast, a
+fierce and hardy animal which habitually
+preys upon as hard fighting a creature as
+the raccoon, and which could eat all the
+Asiatic and European varieties of weasels
+without an effort.</p>
+
+<p>"About birds I should be far less competent
+to advance arguments, and especially,
+my dear sir, to you; but it seems
+to me that two of the most self-asserting
+and hardiest of our families of birds are
+the tyrant flycatchers, of which the kingbird
+is chief, and the blackbirds, or
+grackles, with the meadow lark at their
+head, both characteristically American.</p>
+
+<p>"Did you ever look over the medical
+statistics of the half million men drafted
+during the Civil War? They include men
+of every race and color, and from every
+country of Europe, and from every State
+in the Union; and so many men were
+measured that the average of the measurements
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg xiv]</a></span>
+is probably pretty fair. From
+these it would appear that the physical
+type in the Eastern States had undoubtedly
+degenerated. The man from New
+York or New England, unless he came
+from the lumbering districts, though as
+tall as the Englishman or Irishman, was
+distinctly lighter built, and especially was
+narrower across the chest; but the finest
+men physically of all were the Kentuckians
+and Tennesseeans. After them came
+the Scandinavians, then the Scotch, then
+the people from several of the Western
+States, such as Wisconsin and Minnesota,
+then the Irish, then the Germans, then
+the English, etc. The decay of vitality,
+especially as shown in the decreasing
+fertility of the New England and, indeed,
+New York stock, is very alarming; but
+the most prolific peoples on this continent,
+whether of native or foreign origin,
+are the native whites of the southern
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg xv]</a></span>
+Alleghany region in Kentucky and Tennessee,
+the Virginians, and the Carolinians,
+and also the French of Canada.</p>
+
+<p>"It will be difficult to frame a general
+law of fecundity in comparing the effects
+upon human life of long residence on the
+two continents when we see that the
+Frenchman in Canada is healthy and
+enormously fertile, while the old French
+stock is at the stationary point in France,
+the direct reverse being the case when
+the English of Old and of New England
+are compared, and the decision being
+again reversed if we compare the English
+with the mountain whites of the Southern
+States."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg xvi]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<h1>CAMPING WITH<br />
+PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT</h1>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CAMPING WITH PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT</h2>
+
+
+<p>At the time I made the trip to Yellowstone
+Park with President Roosevelt in
+the spring of 1903, I promised some
+friends to write up my impressions of
+the President and of the Park, but I have
+been slow in getting around to it. The
+President himself, having the absolute
+leisure and peace of the White House,
+wrote his account of the trip nearly two
+years ago! But with the stress and strain
+of my life at "Slabsides,"&mdash;administering
+the affairs of so many of the wild
+creatures of the woods about me,&mdash;I
+have not till this blessed season (fall of
+1905) found the time to put on record an
+account of the most interesting thing I
+saw in that wonderful land, which, of
+course, was the President
+himself.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When I accepted his invitation I was
+well aware that during the journey I
+should be in a storm centre most of the
+time, which is not always a pleasant
+prospect to a man of my habits and disposition.
+The President himself is a good
+deal of a storm,&mdash;a man of such abounding
+energy and ceaseless activity that he
+sets everything in motion around him
+wherever he goes. But I knew he would
+be pretty well occupied on his way to the
+Park in speaking to eager throngs and in
+receiving personal and political homage
+in the towns and cities we were to pass
+through. But when all this was over, and
+I found myself with him in the wilderness
+of the Park, with only the superintendent
+and a few attendants to help take
+up his tremendous personal impact, how
+was it likely to fare with a non-strenuous
+person like myself? I asked. I had visions
+of snow six and seven feet deep, where
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 5]</a></span>
+traveling could be done only upon snow-shoes,
+and I had never had the things on
+my feet in my life. If the infernal fires
+beneath, that keep the pot boiling so
+furiously in the Park, should melt the
+snows, I could see the party tearing along
+on horseback at a wolf-hunt pace over a
+rough country; and as I had not been
+on a horse's back since the President
+was born, how would it be likely to fare
+with me then?</p>
+
+<p>I had known the President several
+years before he became famous, and we
+had had some correspondence on subjects
+of natural history. His interest in such
+themes is always very fresh and keen,
+and the main motive of his visit to the
+Park at this time was to see and study in
+its semi-domesticated condition the great
+game which he had so often hunted during
+his ranch days; and he was kind
+enough to think it would be an additional
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+pleasure to see it with a nature-lover like
+myself. For my own part, I knew nothing
+about big game, but I knew there was no
+man in the country with whom I should
+so like to see it as Roosevelt.</p>
+
+<p>Some of our newspapers reported that
+the President intended to hunt in the
+Park. A woman in Vermont wrote me,
+to protest against the hunting, and hoped
+I would teach the President to love the
+animals as much as I did,&mdash;as if he did
+not love them much more, because his
+love is founded upon knowledge, and
+because they had been a part of his life.
+She did not know that I was then cherishing
+the secret hope that I might be allowed
+to shoot a cougar or bobcat; but
+this fun did not come to me. The President
+said, "I will not fire a gun in the
+Park; then I shall have no explanations
+to make." Yet once I did hear him say
+in the wilderness, "I feel as if I ought to
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+keep the camp in meat. I always have."
+I regretted that he could not do so on this
+occasion.</p>
+
+<p>I have never been disturbed by the
+President's hunting trips. It is to such
+men as he that the big game legitimately
+belongs,&mdash;men who regard it from the
+point of view of the naturalist as well as
+from that of the sportsman, who are interested
+in its preservation, and who share
+with the world the delight they experience
+in the chase. Such a hunter as Roosevelt
+is as far removed from the game-butcher
+as day is from night; and as for his killing
+of the "varmints,"&mdash;bears, cougars,
+and bobcats,&mdash;the fewer of these there
+are, the better for the useful and beautiful
+game.</p>
+
+<p>The cougars, or mountain lions, in the
+Park certainly needed killing. The superintendent
+reported that he had seen where
+they had slain nineteen elk, and we saw
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+where they had killed a deer and dragged
+its body across the trail. Of course, the
+President would not now on his hunting
+trips shoot an elk or a deer except to
+"keep the camp in meat," and for this
+purpose it is as legitimate as to slay a
+sheep or a steer for the table at home.</p>
+
+<p>We left Washington on April 1, and
+strung several of the larger Western cities
+on our thread of travel,&mdash;Chicago, Milwaukee,
+Madison, St. Paul, Minneapolis,&mdash;as
+well as many lesser towns, in each
+of which the President made an address,
+sometimes brief, on a few occasions of an
+hour or more.</p>
+
+<p>He gave himself very freely and heartily
+to the people wherever he went. He could
+easily match their Western cordiality
+and good-fellowship. Wherever his train
+stopped, crowds soon gathered, or had
+already gathered, to welcome him. His
+advent made a holiday in each town he
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+visited. At all the principal stops the
+usual programme was: first, his reception
+by the committee of citizens appointed to
+receive him,&mdash;they usually boarded his
+private car, and were one by one introduced
+to him; then a drive through the
+town with a concourse of carriages; then
+to the hall or open-air platform, where
+he spoke to the assembled throng; then
+to lunch or dinner; and then back to the
+train, and off for the next stop,&mdash;a round
+of hand-shaking, carriage-driving, speech-making
+each day. He usually spoke
+from eight to ten times every twenty-four
+hours, sometimes for only a few minutes
+from the rear platform of his private car,
+at others for an hour or more in some
+large hall. In Chicago, Milwaukee, and
+St. Paul, elaborate banquets were given
+him and his party, and on each occasion
+he delivered a carefully prepared speech
+upon questions that involved the policy
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+of his administration. The throng that
+greeted him in the vast Auditorium in
+Chicago&mdash;that rose and waved and
+waved again&mdash;was one of the grandest
+human spectacles I ever witnessed.</p>
+
+<p>In Milwaukee the dense cloud of tobacco
+smoke that presently filled the
+large hall after the feasting was over was
+enough to choke any speaker, but it did
+not seem to choke the President, though
+he does not use tobacco in any form himself;
+nor was there anything foggy about
+his utterances on that occasion upon
+legislative control of the trusts.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;">
+<a name="img10" id="img10"></a>
+<img src="images/i004.jpg" width="1024" height="692" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>ARRIVAL AT GARDINER, MONT.<br />
+(ENTRANCE TO YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.)</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1906, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>In St. Paul the city was inundated
+with humanity,&mdash;a vast human tide
+that left the middle of the streets bare as
+our line of carriages moved slowly along,
+but that rose up in solid walls of town
+and prairie humanity on the sidewalks
+and city dooryards. How hearty and
+happy the myriad faces looked! At one
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+point I spied in the throng on the curbstone
+a large silk banner that bore my
+own name as the title of some society. I
+presently saw that it was borne by half
+a dozen anxious and expectant-looking
+schoolgirls with braids down their backs.
+As my carriage drew near them, they
+pressed their way through the throng
+and threw a large bouquet of flowers into
+my lap. I think it would be hard to say
+who blushed the deeper, the girls or myself.
+It was the first time I had ever had
+flowers showered upon me in public; and
+then, maybe, I felt that on such an occasion
+I was only a minor side issue, and
+public recognition was not called for.
+But the incident pleased the President.
+"I saw that banner and those flowers," he
+said afterwards; "and I was delighted to
+see you honored that way." But I fear I
+have not to this day thanked the Monroe
+School of St. Paul for that pretty
+attention.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The time of the passing of the presidential
+train seemed well known, even
+on the Dakota prairies. At one point I
+remember a little brown schoolhouse
+stood not far off, and near the track the
+school-ma'am, with her flock, drawn up
+in line. We were at luncheon, but the
+President caught a glimpse ahead through
+the window, and quickly took in the
+situation. With napkin in hand, he
+rushed out on the platform and waved to
+them. "Those children," he said, as he
+came back, "wanted to see the President
+of the United States, and I could not disappoint
+them. They may never have
+another chance. What a deep impression
+such things make when we are young!"</p>
+
+<p>At some point in the Dakotas we picked
+up the former foreman of his ranch and
+another cowboy friend of the old days,
+and they rode with the President in his
+private car for several hours. He was as
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 13]</a></span>
+happy with them as a schoolboy ever was
+in meeting old chums. He beamed with
+delight all over. The life which those
+men represented, and of which he had
+himself once formed a part, meant so
+much to him; it had entered into the very
+marrow of his being, and I could see the
+joy of it all shining in his face as he sat
+and lived parts of it over again with those
+men that day. He bubbled with laughter
+continually. The men, I thought, seemed
+a little embarrassed by his open-handed
+cordiality and good-fellowship. He himself
+evidently wanted to forget the present,
+and to live only in the memory of those
+wonderful ranch days,&mdash;that free, hardy,
+adventurous life upon the plains. It all
+came back to him with a rush when he
+found himself alone with these heroes of
+the rope and the stirrup. How much
+more keen his appreciation was, and how
+much quicker his memory, than theirs!
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 14]</a></span>
+He was constantly recalling to their
+minds incidents which they had forgotten,
+and the names of horses and dogs which
+had escaped them. His subsequent life,
+instead of making dim the memory of his
+ranch days, seemed to have made it more
+vivid by contrast.</p>
+
+<p>When they had gone I said to him, "I
+think your affection for those men very
+beautiful."</p>
+
+<p>"How could I help it?" he said.</p>
+
+<p>"Still, few men in your station could
+or would go back and renew such friendships."</p>
+
+<p>"Then I pity them," he replied.</p>
+
+<p>He said afterwards that his ranch life
+had been the making of him. It had
+built him up and hardened him physically,
+and it had opened his eyes to the
+wealth of manly character among the
+plainsmen and cattlemen.</p>
+
+<p>Had he not gone West, he said, he
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+never would have raised the Rough Riders
+regiment; and had he not raised that
+regiment and gone to the Cuban War, he
+would not have been made governor of
+New York; and had not this happened,
+the politicians would not unwittingly
+have made his rise to the Presidency so
+inevitable. There is no doubt, I think,
+that he would have got there some day;
+but without the chain of events above
+outlined, his rise could not have been so
+rapid.</p>
+
+<p>Our train entered the Bad Lands of
+North Dakota in the early evening twilight,
+and the President stood on the rear
+platform of his car, gazing wistfully upon
+the scene. "I know all this country like a
+book," he said. "I have ridden over it,
+and hunted over it, and tramped over it,
+in all seasons and weather, and it looks
+like home to me. My old ranch is not
+far off. We shall soon reach Medora,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+which was my station." It was plain to
+see that that strange, forbidding-looking
+landscape, hills and valleys to eastern
+eyes, utterly demoralized and gone to the
+bad,&mdash;flayed, fantastic, treeless, a riot
+of naked clay slopes, chimney-like buttes,
+and dry coulees,&mdash;was in his eyes a land
+of almost pathetic interest. There were
+streaks of good pasturage here and there
+where his cattle used to graze, and where
+the deer and the pronghorn used to
+linger.</p>
+
+<p>When we reached Medora, where the
+train was scheduled to stop an hour, it
+was nearly dark, but the whole town and
+country round had turned out to welcome
+their old townsman. After much hand-shaking,
+the committee conducted us
+down to a little hall, where the President
+stood on a low platform, and made a
+short address to the standing crowd that
+filled the place. Then some flashlight pictures
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+were taken by the local photographer,
+after which the President stepped
+down, and, while the people filed past
+him, shook hands with every man, woman,
+and child of them, calling many of
+them by name, and greeting them all
+most cordially. I recall one grizzled old
+frontiersman whose hand he grasped,
+calling him by name, and saying, "How
+well I remember you! You once mended
+my gunlock for me,&mdash;put on a new
+hammer." "Yes," said the delighted old
+fellow; "I'm the man, Mr. President."
+He was among his old neighbors once
+more, and the pleasure of the meeting
+was very obvious on both sides. I heard
+one of the women tell him they were going
+to have a dance presently, and ask him
+if he would not stay and open it! The
+President laughingly excused himself, and
+said his train had to leave on schedule
+time, and his time was nearly up. I
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+thought of the incident in his "Ranch
+Life," in which he says he once opened a
+cowboy ball with the wife of a Minnesota
+man, who danced opposite, and who had
+recently shot a bullying Scotchman. He
+says the scene reminded him of the ball
+where Bret Harte's heroine "went down
+the middle with the man that shot Sandy
+Magee."</p>
+
+<p>Before reaching Medora he had told
+me many anecdotes of "Hell-Roaring
+Bill Jones," and had said I should see
+him. But it turned out that Hell-Roaring
+Bill had begun to celebrate the coming of
+the President too early in the day, and
+when we reached Medora he was not in a
+presentable condition. I forget now how
+he had earned his name, but no doubt he
+had come honestly by it; it was a part of
+his history, as was that of "The Pike,"
+"Cold-Turkey Bill," "Hash-Knife Joe,"
+and other classic heroes of the
+frontier.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It is curious how certain things go to
+the bad in the Far West, or a certain proportion
+of them,&mdash;bad lands, bad horses,
+and bad men. And it is a degree of badness
+that the East has no conception of,&mdash;land
+that looks as raw and unnatural
+as if time had never laid its shaping and
+softening hand upon it; horses that, when
+mounted, put their heads to the ground
+and their heels in the air, and, squealing
+defiantly, resort to the most diabolically
+ingenious tricks to shake off or to kill
+their riders; and men who amuse themselves
+in bar-rooms by shooting about
+the feet of a "tenderfoot" to make him
+dance, or who ride along the street and
+shoot at every one in sight. Just as the
+old plutonic fires come to the surface out
+there in the Rockies, and hint very
+strongly of the infernal regions, so a kind
+of satanic element in men and animals&mdash;an
+underlying devilishness&mdash;crops
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+out, and we have the border ruffian and
+the bucking broncho.</p>
+
+<p>The President told of an Englishman
+on a hunting trip in the West, who, being
+an expert horseman at home, scorned the
+idea that he could not ride any of their
+"grass-fed ponies." So they gave him a
+bucking broncho. He was soon lying on
+the ground, much stunned. When he
+could speak, he said, "I should not have
+minded him, you know, <i>but 'e 'ides 'is
+'ead</i>."</p>
+
+<p>At one place in Dakota the train stopped
+to take water while we were at lunch. A
+crowd soon gathered, and the President
+went out to greet them. We could hear
+his voice, and the cheers and laughter of
+the crowd. And then we heard him say,
+"Well, good-by, I must go now." Still
+he did not come. Then we heard more
+talking and laughing, and another "good-by,"
+and yet he did not come. Then I
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 21]</a></span>
+went out to see what had happened. I
+found the President down on the ground
+shaking hands with the whole lot of them.
+Some one had reached up to shake his
+hand as he was about withdrawing, and
+this had been followed by such eagerness
+on the part of the rest of the people to do
+likewise, that the President had instantly
+got down to gratify them. Had the secret
+service men known it, they would have
+been in a pickle. We probably have never
+had a President who responded more
+freely and heartily to the popular liking
+for him than Roosevelt. The crowd always
+seem to be in love with him the
+moment they see him and hear his voice.
+And it is not by reason of any arts of eloquence,
+or charm of address, but by reason
+of his inborn heartiness and sincerity,
+and his genuine manliness. The people
+feel his quality at once. In Bermuda last
+winter I met a Catholic priest who had
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+sat on the platform at some place in New
+England very near the President while
+he was speaking, and who said, "The
+man had not spoken three minutes before
+I loved him, and had any one tried to
+molest him, I could have torn him to
+pieces." It is the quality in the man that
+instantly inspires such a liking as this in
+strangers that will, I am sure, safeguard
+him in all public places.</p>
+
+<p>I once heard him say that he did not
+like to be addressed as "His Excellency;"
+he added laughingly, "They might just
+as well call me 'His Transparency,' for all
+I care." It is this transparency, this direct
+out-and-out, unequivocal character of
+him that is one source of his popularity.
+The people do love transparency,&mdash;all
+of them but the politicians.</p>
+
+<p>A friend of his one day took him to
+task for some mistake he had made in one
+of his appointments. "My dear sir,"
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 23]</a></span>
+replied the President, "where you know
+of one mistake I have made, I know of
+ten." How such candor must make the
+politicians shiver!</p>
+
+<p>I have said that I stood in dread of the
+necessity of snowshoeing in the Park,
+and, in lieu of that, of horseback riding.
+Yet when we reached Gardiner, the entrance
+to the Park, on that bright, crisp
+April morning, with no snow in sight save
+that on the mountain-tops, and found
+Major Pitcher and Captain Chittenden
+at the head of a squad of soldiers, with a
+fine saddle-horse for the President, and
+an ambulance drawn by two span of
+mules for me, I confess that I experienced
+just a slight shade of mortification. I
+thought they might have given me the
+option of the saddle or the ambulance.
+Yet I entered the vehicle as if it was just
+what I had been expecting.</p>
+
+<p>The President and his escort, with a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+cloud of cowboys hovering in the rear,
+were soon off at a lively pace, and my
+ambulance followed close, and at a lively
+pace, too; so lively that I soon found myself
+gripping the seat with both hands.
+"Well," I said to myself, "they are giving
+me a regular Western send-off;" and I
+thought, as the ambulance swayed from
+side to side, that it would suit me just as
+well if my driver did not try to keep up
+with the presidential procession. The
+driver and his mules were shut off from
+me by a curtain, but, looking ahead out
+of the sides of the vehicle, I saw two good-sized
+logs lying across our course. Surely,
+I thought (and barely had time to think),
+he will avoid these. But he did not, and
+as we passed over them I was nearly
+thrown through the top of the ambulance.
+"This <i>is</i> a lively send-off," I said, rubbing
+my bruises with one hand, while I clung
+to the seat with the other. Presently I
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+saw the cowboys scrambling up the bank
+as if to get out of our way; then the President
+on his fine gray stallion scrambling
+up the bank with his escort, and looking
+ominously in my direction, as we thundered
+by.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;">
+<a name="img24" id="img24"></a>
+<img src="images/i005.jpg" width="1024" height="686" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>THE PRESIDENT WITH MR. BURROUGHS AND SECRETARY LOEB JUST BEFORE ENTERING THE PARK.</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1906, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Well," I said, "this is indeed a novel
+ride; for once in my life I have sidetracked
+the President of the United
+States! I am given the right of way over
+all." On we tore, along the smooth, hard
+road, and did not slacken our pace till,
+at the end of a mile or two, we began to
+mount the hill toward Fort Yellowstone.
+And not till we reached the fort did I
+learn that our mules had run away. They
+had been excited beyond control by the
+presidential cavalcade, and the driver,
+finding he could not hold them, had
+aimed only to keep them in the road,
+and we very soon had the road all to
+ourselves.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Fort Yellowstone is at Mammoth Hot
+Springs, where one gets his first view of
+the characteristic scenery of the Park,&mdash;huge,
+boiling springs with their columns
+of vapor, and the first characteristic odors
+which suggest the traditional infernal
+regions quite as much as the boiling and
+steaming water does. One also gets a
+taste of a much more rarefied air than he
+has been used to, and finds himself panting
+for breath on a very slight exertion.
+The Mammoth Hot Springs have built
+themselves up an enormous mound that
+stands there above the village on the side
+of the mountain, terraced and scalloped
+and fluted, and suggesting some vitreous
+formation, or rare carving of enormous,
+many-colored precious stones. It looks
+quite unearthly, and, though the devil's
+frying pan, and ink pot, and the Stygian
+caves are not far off, the suggestion is of
+something celestial rather than of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+nether regions,&mdash;a vision of jasper walls,
+and of amethyst battlements.</p>
+
+<p>With Captain Chittenden I climbed to
+the top, stepping over the rills and creeks
+of steaming hot water, and looked at the
+marvelously clear, cerulean, but boiling,
+pools on the summit. The water seemed
+as unearthly in its beauty and purity as
+the gigantic sculpturing that held it.</p>
+
+<p>The Stygian caves are still farther up
+the mountain,&mdash;little pockets in the
+rocks, or well-holes in the ground at your
+feet, filled with deadly carbon dioxide.
+We saw birds' feathers and quills in all of
+them. The birds hop into them, probably
+in quest of food or seeking shelter,
+and they never come out. We saw the
+body of a martin on the bank of one hole.
+Into one we sank a lighted torch, and it
+was extinguished as quickly as if we had
+dropped it into water. Each cave or niche
+is a death valley on a small scale. Near by
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+we came upon a steaming pool, or lakelet,
+of an acre or more in extent. A pair of
+mallard ducks were swimming about in
+one end of it,&mdash;the cool end. When we
+approached, they swam slowly over into
+the warmer water. As they progressed,
+the water got hotter and hotter, and the
+ducks' discomfort was evident. Presently
+they stopped, and turned towards us,
+half appealingly, as I thought. They
+could go no farther; would we please
+come no nearer? As I took another step
+or two, up they rose and disappeared
+over the hill. Had they gone to the extreme
+end of the pool, we could have had
+boiled mallard for dinner.</p>
+
+<p>Another novel spectacle was at night,
+or near sundown, when the deer came
+down from the hills into the streets and
+ate hay, a few yards from the officers'
+quarters, as unconcernedly as so many
+domestic sheep. This they had been
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+doing all winter, and they kept it up
+till May, at times a score or more of
+them profiting thus on the government's
+bounty. When the sundown gun was
+fired a couple of hundred yards away,
+they gave a nervous start, but kept on
+with their feeding. The antelope and elk
+and mountain sheep had not yet grown
+bold enough to accept Uncle Sam's charity
+in that way.</p>
+
+<p>The President wanted all the freedom
+and solitude possible while in the Park,
+so all newspaper men and other strangers
+were excluded. Even the secret service
+men and his physician and private secretaries
+were left at Gardiner. He craved
+once more to be alone with nature; he
+was evidently hungry for the wild and
+the aboriginal,&mdash;a hunger that seems to
+come upon him regularly at least once a
+year, and drives him forth on his hunting
+trips for big game in the West.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We spent two weeks in the Park, and
+had fair weather, bright, crisp days, and
+clear, freezing nights. The first week
+we occupied three camps that had been
+prepared, or partly prepared, for us in
+the northeast corner of the Park, in the
+region drained by the Gardiner River,
+where there was but little snow, and
+which we reached on horseback.</p>
+
+<p>The second week we visited the geyser
+region, which lies a thousand feet or more
+higher, and where the snow was still five
+or six feet deep. This part of the journey
+was made in big sleighs, each drawn by
+two span of horses.</p>
+
+<p>On the horseback excursion, which
+involved only about fifty miles of riding,
+we had a mule pack train, and Sibley
+tents and stoves, with quite a retinue of
+camp laborers, a lieutenant and an orderly
+or two, and a guide, Billy Hofer.</p>
+
+<p>The first camp was in a wild, rocky,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+and picturesque gorge on the Yellowstone,
+about ten miles from the fort. A
+slight indisposition, the result of luxurious
+living, with no wood to chop or to saw,
+and no hills to climb, as at home, prevented
+me from joining the party till the
+third day. Then Captain Chittenden
+drove me eight miles in a buggy. About
+two miles from camp we came to a picket
+of two or three soldiers, where my big
+bay was in waiting for me. I mounted
+him confidently, and, guided by an orderly,
+took the narrow, winding trail
+toward camp. Except for an hour's riding
+the day before with Captain Chittenden,
+I had not been on a horse's back for
+nearly fifty years, and I had not spent as
+much as a day in the saddle during my
+youth. That first sense of a live, spirited,
+powerful animal beneath you, at whose
+mercy you are,&mdash;you, a pedestrian all
+your days,&mdash;with gullies and rocks and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 32]</a></span>
+logs to cross, and deep chasms opening
+close beside you, is not a little disturbing.
+But my big bay did his part well, and I
+did not lose my head or my nerve, as we
+cautiously made our way along the narrow
+path on the side of the steep gorge,
+with a foaming torrent rushing along at
+its foot, nor yet when we forded the rocky
+and rapid Yellowstone. A misstep or a
+stumble on the part of my steed, and
+probably the first bubble of my confidence
+would have been shivered at once; but
+this did not happen, and in due time we
+reached the group of tents that formed
+the President's camp.</p>
+
+<p>The situation was delightful,&mdash;no
+snow, scattered pine trees, a secluded
+valley, rocky heights, and the clear,
+ample, trouty waters of the Yellowstone.
+The President was not in camp. In the
+morning he had stated his wish to go
+alone into the wilderness. Major Pitcher
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 33]</a></span>
+very naturally did not quite like the idea,
+and wished to send an orderly with him.</p>
+
+<p>"No," said the President. "Put me
+up a lunch, and let me go alone. I will
+surely come back."</p>
+
+<p>And back he surely came. It was
+about five o'clock when he came briskly
+down the path from the east to the camp.
+It came out that he had tramped about
+eighteen miles through a very rough
+country. The day before, he and the
+major had located a band of several hundred
+elk on a broad, treeless hillside, and
+his purpose was to find those elk, and
+creep up on them, and eat his lunch
+under their very noses. And this he did,
+spending an hour or more within fifty
+yards of them. He came back looking as
+fresh as when he started, and at night,
+sitting before the big camp fire, related
+his adventure, and talked with his usual
+emphasis and copiousness of many things.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 34]</a></span>
+He told me of the birds he had seen or
+heard; among them he had heard one
+that was new to him. From his description
+I told him I thought it was Townsend's
+solitaire, a bird I much wanted to
+see and hear. I had heard the West India
+solitaire,&mdash;one of the most impressive
+songsters I ever heard,&mdash;and I wished
+to compare our Western form with it.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning we set out for our
+second camp, ten or a dozen miles away,
+and in reaching it passed over much of
+the ground the President had traversed
+the day before. As we came to a wild,
+rocky place above a deep chasm of the
+river, with a few scattered pine trees, the
+President said, "It was right here that I
+heard that strange bird song." We paused
+a moment. "And there it is now!" he
+exclaimed.</p>
+
+<p>Sure enough, there was the solitaire
+singing from the top of a small cedar,&mdash;a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 35]</a></span>
+bright, animated, eloquent song, but
+without the richness and magic of the
+song of the tropical species. We hitched
+our horses, and followed the bird up as it
+flew from tree to tree. The President was
+as eager to see and hear it as I was. It
+seemed very shy, and we only caught
+glimpses of it. In form and color it much
+resembles its West India cousin, and
+suggests our catbird. It ceased to sing
+when we pursued it. It is a bird found
+only in the wilder and higher parts of the
+Rockies. My impression was that its
+song did not quite merit the encomiums
+that have been pronounced upon it.</p>
+
+<p>At this point, I saw amid the rocks my
+first and only Rocky Mountain woodchucks,
+and, soon after we had resumed
+our journey, our first blue grouse,&mdash;a
+number of them like larger partridges.
+Occasionally we would come upon black-tailed
+deer, standing or lying down in the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 36]</a></span>
+bushes, their large ears at attention being
+the first thing to catch the eye. They
+would often allow us to pass within a few
+rods of them without showing alarm.
+Elk horns were scattered all over this
+part of the Park, and we passed several
+old carcasses of dead elk that had probably
+died a natural death.</p>
+
+<p>In a grassy bottom at the foot of a
+steep hill, while the President and I were
+dismounted, and noting the pleasing
+picture which our pack train of fifteen or
+twenty mules made filing along the side
+of a steep grassy slope,&mdash;a picture which
+he has preserved in his late volume, "Out-Door
+Pastimes of an American Hunter,"&mdash;our
+attention was attracted by plaintive,
+musical, bird-like chirps that rose
+from the grass about us. I was almost
+certain it was made by a bird; the President
+was of like opinion; and we kicked
+about in the tufts of grass, hoping to flush
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 37]</a></span>
+the bird. Now here, now there, arose
+this sharp, but bird-like note. Finally,
+we found that it was made by a species of
+gopher, whose holes we soon discovered.
+What its specific name is I do not
+know, but it should be called the singing
+gopher.</p>
+
+<p>Our destination this day was a camp
+on Cottonwood Creek, near "Hell-Roaring
+Creek." As we made our way in the
+afternoon along a broad, open, grassy
+valley, I saw a horseman come galloping
+over the hill to our right, starting up a
+band of elk as he came; riding across the
+plain, he wheeled his horse, and, with the
+military salute, joined our party. He
+proved to be a government scout, called
+the "Duke of Hell Roaring,"&mdash;an educated
+officer from the Austrian army,
+who, for some unknown reason, had exiled
+himself here in this out-of-the-way
+part of the world. He was a man in his
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 38]</a></span>
+prime, of fine, military look and bearing.
+After conversing a few moments with
+the President and Major Pitcher, he rode
+rapidly away.</p>
+
+<p>Our second camp, which we reached in
+mid-afternoon, was in the edge of the
+woods on the banks of a fine, large trout
+stream, where ice and snow still lingered
+in patches. I tried for trout in the head of
+a large, partly open pool, but did not get
+a rise; too much ice in the stream, I concluded.
+Very soon my attention was attracted
+by a strange note, or call, in the
+spruce woods. The President had also
+noticed it, and, with me, wondered what
+made it. Was it bird or beast? Billy
+Hofer said he thought it was an owl, but
+the sound in no way suggested an owl,
+and the sun was shining brightly. It was
+a sound such as a boy might make by
+blowing in the neck of an empty bottle.
+Presently we heard it beyond us on the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 39]</a></span>
+other side of the creek, which was pretty
+good proof that the creature had wings.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 648px;">
+<a name="img38" id="img38"></a>
+<img src="images/i006.jpg" height="1024" width="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>THE PRESIDENT IN THE BEAR COUNTRY</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Let's go run that bird down," said
+the President to me.</p>
+
+<p>So off we started across a small, open,
+snow-streaked plain, toward the woods
+beyond it. We soon decided that the bird
+was on the top of one of a group of tall
+spruces. After much skipping about over
+logs and rocks, and much craning of our
+necks, we made him out on the peak of
+a spruce. I imitated his call, when he
+turned his head down toward us, but we
+could not make out what he was.</p>
+
+<p>"Why did we not think to bring the
+glasses?" said the President.</p>
+
+<p>"I will run and get them," I replied.</p>
+
+<p>"No," said he, "you stay here and keep
+that bird treed, and I will fetch them."</p>
+
+<p>So off he went like a boy, and was very
+soon back with the glasses. We quickly
+made out that it was indeed an owl,&mdash;the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+pigmy owl, as it turned out,&mdash;not
+much larger than a bluebird. I think the
+President was as pleased as if we had
+bagged some big game. He had never
+seen the bird before.</p>
+
+<p>Throughout the trip I found his interest
+in bird life very keen, and his eye and
+ear remarkably quick. He usually saw
+the bird or heard its note as quickly as I
+did,&mdash;and I had nothing else to think
+about, and had been teaching my eye and
+ear the trick of it for over fifty years. Of
+course, his training as a big-game hunter
+stood him in good stead, but back of that
+were his naturalist's instincts, and his
+genuine love of all forms of wild life.</p>
+
+<p>I have been told that his ambition up to
+the time he went to Harvard had been to
+be a naturalist, but that there they seem
+to have convinced him that all the out-of-door
+worlds of natural history had been
+conquered, and that the only worlds remaining
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 41]</a></span>
+were in the laboratory, and to be
+won with the microscope and the scalpel.
+But Roosevelt was a man made for action
+in a wide field, and laboratory conquests
+could not satisfy him. His instincts as a
+naturalist, however, lie back of all his
+hunting expeditions, and, in a large measure,
+I think, prompt them. Certain it is
+that his hunting records contain more live
+natural history than any similar records
+known to me, unless it be those of Charles
+St. John, the Scotch naturalist-sportsman.</p>
+
+<p>The Canada jays, or camp-robbers, as
+they are often called, soon found out our
+camp that afternoon, and no sooner had
+the cook begun to throw out peelings and
+scraps and crusts than the jays began to
+carry them off, not to eat, as I observed,
+but to hide them in the thicker branches
+of the spruce trees. How tame they were,
+coming within three or four yards of one!
+Why this species of jay should everywhere
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 42]</a></span>
+be so familiar, and all other kinds so wild,
+is a puzzle.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning, as we rode down the
+valley toward our next camping-place, at
+Tower Falls, a band of elk containing a
+hundred or more started along the side of
+the hill a few hundred yards away. I was
+some distance behind the rest of the party,
+as usual, when I saw the President wheel
+his horse off to the left, and, beckoning to
+me to follow, start at a tearing pace on the
+trail of the fleeing elk. He afterwards told
+me that he wanted me to get a good view
+of those elk at close range, and he was
+afraid that if he sent the major or Hofer
+to lead me, I would not get it. I hurried
+along as fast as I could, which was not
+fast; the way was rough,&mdash;logs, rocks,
+spring runs, and a tenderfoot rider.</p>
+
+<p>Now and then the President, looking
+back and seeing what slow progress I was
+making, would beckon to me impatiently,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 43]</a></span>
+and I could fancy him saying, "If I had
+a rope around him, he would come faster
+than that!" Once or twice I lost sight of
+both him and the elk; the altitude was
+great, and the horse was laboring like a
+steam engine on an upgrade. Still I urged
+him on. Presently, as I broke over a hill,
+I saw the President pressing the elk up
+the opposite slope. At the brow of the
+hill he stopped, and I soon joined him.
+There on the top, not fifty yards away,
+stood the elk in a mass, their heads toward
+us and their tongues hanging out.
+They could run no farther. The President
+laughed like a boy. The spectacle meant
+much more to him than it did to me. I had
+never seen a wild elk till on this trip, but
+they had been among the notable game
+that he had hunted. He had traveled
+hundreds of miles, and undergone great
+hardships, to get within rifle range of
+these creatures. Now here stood scores
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+of them with lolling tongues, begging for
+mercy.</p>
+
+<p>After gazing at them to our hearts' content,
+we turned away to look up our companions,
+who were nowhere within sight.
+We finally spied them a mile or more away,
+and, joining them, all made our way to
+an elevated plateau that commanded an
+open landscape three or four miles across.
+It was high noon, and the sun shone clear
+and warm. From this lookout we saw
+herds upon herds of elk scattered over
+the slopes and gentle valleys in front of
+us. Some were grazing, some were standing
+or lying upon the ground, or upon the
+patches of snow. Through our glasses we
+counted the separate bands, and then the
+numbers of some of the bands or groups,
+and estimated that three thousand elk
+were in full view in the landscape around
+us. It was a notable spectacle. Afterward,
+in Montana, I attended a council of Indian
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+chiefs at one of the Indian agencies,
+and told them, through their interpreter,
+that I had been with the Great Chief in
+the Park, and of the game we had seen.
+When I told them of these three thousand
+elk all in view at once, they grunted
+loudly, whether with satisfaction or with
+incredulity, I could not tell.</p>
+
+<p>In the midst of this great game amphitheatre
+we dismounted and enjoyed the
+prospect. And the President did an unusual
+thing, he loafed for nearly an hour,&mdash;stretched
+himself out in the sunshine
+upon a flat rock, as did the rest of us, and,
+I hope, got a few winks of sleep. I am
+sure I did. Little, slender, striped chipmunks,
+about half the size of ours, were
+scurrying about; but I recall no other wild
+things save the elk.</p>
+
+<p>From here we rode down the valley to
+our third camp, at Tower Falls, stopping
+on the way to eat our luncheon on a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+washed boulder beside a creek. On this
+ride I saw my first and only badger; he
+stuck his striped head out of his hole in
+the ground only a few yards away from
+us as we passed.</p>
+
+<p>Our camp at Tower Falls was amid
+the spruces above a ca&ntilde;on of the Yellowstone,
+five or six hundred feet deep. It
+was a beautiful and impressive situation,&mdash;shelter,
+snugness, even cosiness, looking
+over the brink of the awful and
+the terrifying. With a run and a jump I
+think one might have landed in the river
+at the bottom of the great abyss, and in
+doing so might have scaled one of those
+natural obelisks or needles of rock that
+stand up out of the depths two or three
+hundred feet high. Nature shows you
+what an enormous furrow her plough can
+open through the strata when moving
+horizontally, at the same time that she
+shows you what delicate and graceful
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 47]</a></span>
+columns her slower and gentler aerial
+forces can carve out of the piled strata.
+At the Falls there were two or three of
+these columns, like the picket-pins of the
+elder gods.</p>
+
+<p>Across the ca&ntilde;on in front of our camp,
+upon a grassy plateau which was faced
+by a wall of trap rock, apparently thirty
+or forty feet high, a band of mountain
+sheep soon attracted our attention. They
+were within long rifle range, but were not
+at all disturbed by our presence, nor had
+they been disturbed by the road-builders
+who, under Captain Chittenden, were
+constructing a government road along
+the brink of the ca&ntilde;on. We speculated
+as to whether or not the sheep could get
+down the almost perpendicular face of
+the chasm to the river to drink. It seemed
+to me impossible. Would they try it while
+we were there to see? We all hoped so;
+and sure enough, late in the afternoon
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 48]</a></span>
+the word came to our tents that the sheep
+were coming down. The President, with
+coat off and a towel around his neck, was
+shaving. One side of his face was half
+shaved, and the other side lathered. Hofer
+and I started for a point on the brink of the
+ca&ntilde;on where we could have a better view.</p>
+
+<p>"By Jove," said the President, "I
+must see that. The shaving can wait, and
+the sheep won't."</p>
+
+<p>So on he came, accoutred as he was,&mdash;coatless,
+hatless, but not latherless, nor
+towelless. Like the rest of us, his only
+thought was to see those sheep do their
+"stunt." With glasses in hand, we watched
+them descend those perilous heights, leaping
+from point to point, finding a foothold
+where none appeared to our eyes, loosening
+fragments of the crumbling rocks as
+they came, now poised upon some narrow
+shelf and preparing for the next leap, zig-zagging
+or plunging straight down till the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 49]</a></span>
+bottom was reached, and not one accident
+or misstep amid all that insecure footing.
+I think the President was the most pleased
+of us all; he laughed with the delight of it,
+and quite forgot his need of a hat and coat
+till I sent for them.</p>
+
+<p>In the night we heard the sheep going
+back; we could tell by the noise of the
+falling stones. In the morning I confidently
+expected to see some of them lying
+dead at the foot of the cliffs, but there
+they all were at the top once more, apparently
+safe and sound. They do, however,
+occasionally meet with accidents in
+their perilous climbing, and their dead
+bodies have been found at the foot of the
+rocks. Doubtless some point of rock to
+which they had trusted gave way, and
+crushed them in the descent, or fell upon
+those in the lead.</p>
+
+<p>The next day, while the rest of us went
+fishing for trout in the Yellowstone, three
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+or four miles above the camp, over the
+roughest trail that we had yet traversed
+on horseback, the President, who never
+fishes unless put to it for meat, went off
+alone again with his lunch in his pocket,
+to stalk those sheep as he had stalked the
+elk, and to feel the old sportsman's thrill
+without the use of firearms. To do this
+involved a tramp of eight or ten miles
+down the river to a bridge and up the
+opposite bank. This he did, and ate his
+lunch near the sheep, and was back in
+camp before we were.</p>
+
+<p>We took some large cut-throat trout,
+as they are called, from the yellow mark
+across their throats, and I saw at short
+range a black-tailed deer bounding along
+in that curious, stiff-legged, mechanical,
+yet springy manner, apparently all four
+legs in the air at once, and all four feet
+reaching the ground at once, affording a
+very singular spectacle.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;">
+<a name="img50" id="img50"></a>
+<img src="images/i007.jpg" width="1024" height="675" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>MR. BURROUGHS'S FAVORITE PASTIME.</big><br />
+By kind permission of Forest and Stream.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 51]</a></span>
+We spent two nights in our Tower Falls
+camp, and on the morning of the third
+day set out on our return to Fort Yellowstone,
+pausing at Yancey's on our way,
+and exchanging greetings with the old
+frontiersman, who died a few weeks later.</p>
+
+<p>While in camp we always had a big fire
+at night in the open near the tents, and
+around this we sat upon logs or camp-stools,
+and listened to the President's talk.
+What a stream of it he poured forth! and
+what a varied and picturesque stream!&mdash;anecdote,
+history, science, politics, adventure,
+literature; bits of his experience
+as a ranchman, hunter, Rough Rider,
+legislator, civil service commissioner, police
+commissioner, governor, president,&mdash;the
+frankest confessions, the most telling
+criticisms, happy characterizations
+of prominent political leaders, or foreign
+rulers, or members of his own Cabinet;
+always surprising by his candor, astonishing
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 52]</a></span>
+by his memory, and diverting by
+his humor. His reading has been very
+wide, and he has that rare type of memory
+which retains details as well as mass
+and generalities. One night something
+started him off on ancient history, and
+one would have thought he was just fresh
+from his college course in history, the dates
+and names and events came so readily.
+Another time he discussed pal&aelig;ontology,
+and rapidly gave the outlines of the science,
+and the main facts, as if he had been reading
+up on the subject that very day. He
+sees things as wholes, and hence the relation
+of the parts comes easy to him.</p>
+
+<p>At dinner, at the White House, the
+night before we started on the expedition,
+I heard him talking with a guest,&mdash;an
+officer of the British army, who was just
+back from India. And the extent and variety
+of his information about India and
+Indian history and the relations of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 53]</a></span>
+British government to it were extraordinary.
+It put the British major on his
+mettle to keep pace with him.</p>
+
+<p>One night in camp he told us the story
+of one of his Rough Riders who had just
+written him from some place in Arizona.
+The Rough Riders, wherever they are
+now, look to him in time of trouble. This
+one had come to grief in Arizona. He was
+in jail. So he wrote the President, and
+his letter ran something like this:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Colonel</span>,&mdash;I am in trouble.
+I shot a lady in the eye, but I did not intend
+to hit the lady; I was shooting at my
+wife."</p></div>
+
+<p>And the presidential laughter rang out
+over the tree-tops. To another Rough
+Rider, who was in jail, accused of horse
+stealing, he had loaned two hundred
+dollars to pay counsel on his trial, and,
+to his surprise, in due time the money
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 54]</a></span>
+came back. The ex-Rough wrote that his
+trial never came off. "<i>We elected our district
+attorney</i>;" and the laughter again
+sounded, and drowned the noise of the
+brook near by.</p>
+
+<p>On another occasion we asked the President
+if he was ever molested by any of
+the "bad men" of the frontier, with whom
+he had often come in contact. "Only
+once," he said. The cowboys had always
+treated him with the utmost courtesy,
+both on the round-up and in camp; "and
+the few real desperadoes I have seen were
+also perfectly polite." Once only was he
+maliciously shot at, and then not by a
+cowboy nor a <i>bona fide</i> "bad man," but
+by a "broad-hatted ruffian of a cheap and
+common-place type." He had been compelled
+to pass the night at a little frontier
+hotel where the bar-room occupied the
+whole lower floor, and was, in consequence,
+the only place where the guests of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 55]</a></span>
+hotel, whether drunk or sober, could sit.
+As he entered the room, he saw that every
+man there was being terrorized by a half-drunken
+ruffian who stood in the middle
+of the floor with a revolver in each hand,
+compelling different ones to treat.</p>
+
+<p>"I went and sat down behind the stove,"
+said the President, "as far from him as I
+could get; and hoped to escape his notice.
+The fact that I wore glasses, together
+with my evident desire to avoid a fight,
+apparently gave him the impression that
+I could be imposed upon with impunity.
+He very soon approached me, flourishing
+his two guns, and ordered me to treat. I
+made no reply for some moments, when
+the fellow became so threatening that I
+saw something had to be done. The
+crowd, mostly sheep-herders and small
+grangers, sat or stood back against the
+wall, afraid to move. I was unarmed,
+and thought rapidly. Saying, 'Well, if I
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 56]</a></span>
+must, I must,' I got up as if to walk around
+him to the bar, then, as I got opposite him,
+I wheeled and fetched him as heavy a
+blow on the chin-point as I could strike.
+He went down like a steer before the axe,
+firing both guns into the ceiling as he went.
+I jumped on him, and, with my knees on
+his chest, disarmed him in a hurry. The
+crowd was then ready enough to help me,
+and we hog-tied him and put him in an
+outhouse." The President alludes to this
+incident in his "Ranch Life," but does not
+give the details. It brings out his mettle
+very distinctly.</p>
+
+<p>He told us in an amused way of the
+attempts of his political opponents at Albany,
+during his early career as a member
+of the Assembly, to besmirch his character.
+His outspoken criticisms and denunciations
+had become intolerable to
+them, so they laid a trap for him, but he
+was not caught. His innate rectitude and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 57]</a></span>
+instinct for the right course saved him,
+as it has saved him many times since. I
+do not think that in any emergency he has
+to debate with himself long as to the right
+course to be pursued; he divines it by a
+kind of infallible instinct. His motives
+are so simple and direct that he finds a
+straight and easy course where another
+man, whose eye is less single, would flounder
+and hesitate.</p>
+
+<p>One night he entertained us with reminiscences
+of the Cuban War, of his efforts
+to get his men to the firing line when the
+fighting began, of his greenness and general
+ignorance of the whole business of
+war, which in his telling was very amusing.
+He has probably put it all in his book
+about the war, a work I have not yet read.
+He described the look of the slope of Kettle
+Hill when they were about to charge up it,
+how the grass was combed and rippled by
+the storm of rifle bullets that swept down
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 58]</a></span>
+it. He said, "I was conscious of being
+pale when I looked at it and knew that in
+a few moments we were going to charge
+there." The men of his regiment were all
+lying flat upon the ground, and it became
+his duty to walk along their front and encourage
+them and order them up on their
+feet. "Get up, men, get up!" One big
+fellow did not rise. Roosevelt stooped
+down and took hold of him and ordered
+him up. Just at that moment a bullet
+struck the man and went the entire length
+of him. He never rose.</p>
+
+<p>On this or on another occasion when
+a charge was ordered, he found himself a
+hundred yards or more in advance of his
+regiment, with only the color bearer and
+one corporal with him. He said they
+planted the flag there, while he rushed
+back to fetch the men. He was evidently
+pretty hot. "Can it be that you flinched
+when I led the way!" and then they came
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 59]</a></span>
+with a rush. On the summit of Kettle
+Hill he was again in advance of his men,
+and as he came up, three Spaniards rose
+out of the trenches and deliberately fired
+at him at a distance of only a few paces,
+and then turned and fled. But a bullet
+from his revolver stopped one of them.
+He seems to have been as much exposed to
+bullets in this engagement as Washington
+was at Braddock's defeat, and to have
+escaped in the same marvelous manner.</p>
+
+<p>The President unites in himself powers
+and qualities that rarely go together.
+Thus, he has both physical and moral
+courage in a degree rare in history. He
+can stand calm and unflinching in the
+path of a charging grizzly, and he can
+confront with equal coolness and determination
+the predaceous corporations
+and money powers of the country.</p>
+
+<p>He unites the qualities of the man of
+action with those of the scholar and writer,&mdash;another
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 60]</a></span>
+very rare combination. He
+unites the instincts and accomplishments
+of the best breeding and culture with the
+broadest democratic sympathies and affiliations.
+He is as happy with a frontiersman
+like Seth Bullock as with a fellow
+Harvard man, and Seth Bullock is happy,
+too.</p>
+
+<p>He unites great austerity with great
+good nature. He unites great sensibility
+with great force and will power. He loves
+solitude, and he loves to be in the thick
+of the fight. His love of nature is equaled
+only by his love of the ways and marts of
+men.</p>
+
+<p>He is doubtless the most vital man on
+the continent, if not on the planet, to-day.
+He is many-sided, and every side throbs
+with his tremendous life and energy; the
+pressure is equal all around. His interests
+are as keen in natural history as in
+economics, in literature as in statecraft,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+in the young poet as in the old soldier,
+in preserving peace as in preparing for
+war. And he can turn all his great power
+into the new channel on the instant. His
+interest in the whole of life, and in the
+whole life of the nation, never flags for a
+moment. His activity is tireless. All the
+relaxation he needs or craves is a change
+of work. He is like the farmer's fields,
+that only need a rotation of crops. I
+once heard him say that all he cared
+about being President was just "the big
+work."</p>
+
+<p>During this tour through the West,
+lasting over two months, he made nearly
+three hundred speeches; and yet on his
+return Mrs. Roosevelt told me he looked
+as fresh and unworn as when he left home.</p>
+
+<p>We went up into the big geyser region
+with the big sleighs, each drawn by four
+horses. A big snow-bank had to be shoveled
+through for us before we got to the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 62]</a></span>
+Golden Gate, two miles above Mammoth
+Hot Springs. Beyond that we were at an
+altitude of about eight thousand feet, on
+a fairly level course that led now through
+woods, and now through open country,
+with the snow of a uniform depth of four
+or five feet, except as we neared the "formations,"
+where the subterranean warmth
+kept the ground bare. The roads had
+been broken and the snow packed for us
+by teams from the fort, otherwise the
+journey would have been impossible.</p>
+
+<p>The President always rode beside the
+driver. From his youth, he said, this seat
+had always been the most desirable one to
+him. When the sleigh would strike the
+bare ground, and begin to drag heavily,
+he would bound out nimbly and take
+to his heels, and then all three of us&mdash;Major
+Pitcher, Mr. Childs, and myself&mdash;would
+follow suit, sometimes reluctantly
+on my part. Walking at that altitude is
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+no fun, especially if you try to keep pace
+with such a walker as the President is.
+But he could not sit at his ease and let
+those horses drag him in a sleigh over
+bare ground. When snow was reached,
+we would again quickly resume our seats.</p>
+
+<p>As one nears the geyser region, he gets
+the impression from the columns of steam
+going up here and there in the distance&mdash;now
+from behind a piece of woods, now
+from out a hidden valley&mdash;that he is approaching
+a manufacturing centre, or a
+railroad terminus. And when he begins
+to hear the hoarse snoring of "Roaring
+Mountain," the illusion is still more complete.
+At Norris's there is a big vent
+where the steam comes tearing out of a
+recent hole in the ground with terrific
+force. Huge mounds of ice had formed
+from the congealed vapor all around it,
+some of them very striking.</p>
+
+<p>The novelty of the geyser region soon
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 64]</a></span>
+wears off. Steam and hot water are steam
+and hot water the world over, and the
+exhibition of them here did not differ,
+except in volume, from what one sees by
+his own fireside. The "Growler" is only
+a boiling tea-kettle on a large scale, and
+"Old Faithful" is as if the lid were to fly
+off, and the whole contents of the kettle
+should be thrown high into the air. To
+be sure, boiling lakes and steaming rivers
+are not common, but the new features
+seemed, somehow, out of place, and as if
+nature had made a mistake. One disliked
+to see so much good steam and hot water
+going to waste; whole towns might be
+warmed by them, and big wheels made
+to go round. I wondered that they had
+not piped them into the big hotels which
+they opened for us, and which were
+warmed by wood fires.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 648px;">
+<a name="img64" id="img64"></a>
+<img src="images/i008.jpg" height="1024" width="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>SUNRISE IN YELLOWSTONE PARK.</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1904, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>At Norris's the big room that the President
+and I occupied was on the ground
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 65]</a></span>
+floor, and was heated by a huge box stove.
+As we entered it to go to bed, the President
+said, "Oom John, don't you think
+it is too hot here?"</p>
+
+<p>"I certainly do," I replied.</p>
+
+<p>"Shall I open the window?"</p>
+
+<p>"That will just suit me." And he
+threw the sash, which came down to the
+floor, all the way up, making an opening
+like a doorway. The night was cold, but
+neither of us suffered from the abundance
+of fresh air.</p>
+
+<p>The caretaker of the building was a
+big Swede called Andy. In the morning
+Andy said that beat him: "There was
+the President of the United States sleeping
+in that room, with the window open to the
+floor, and not so much as one soldier outside
+on guard."</p>
+
+<p>The President had counted much on
+seeing the bears that in summer board at
+the Fountain Hotel, but they were not yet
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 66]</a></span>
+out of their dens. We saw the track of
+only one, and he was not making for the
+hotel. At all the formations where the
+geysers are, the ground was bare over a
+large area. I even saw a wild flower&mdash;an
+early buttercup, not an inch high&mdash;in
+bloom. This seems to be the earliest
+wild flower in the Rockies. It is the only
+fragrant buttercup I know.</p>
+
+<p>As we were riding along in our big
+sleigh toward the Fountain Hotel, the
+President suddenly jumped out, and,
+with his soft hat as a shield to his hand,
+captured a mouse that was running along
+over the ground near us. He wanted it
+for Dr. Merriam, on the chance that it
+might be a new species. While we all
+went fishing in the afternoon, the President
+skinned his mouse, and prepared
+the pelt to be sent to Washington. It was
+done as neatly as a professed taxidermist
+would have done it. This was the only
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 67]</a></span>
+game the President killed in the Park. In
+relating the incident to a reporter while
+I was in Spokane, the thought occurred
+to me, Suppose he changes that <i>u</i> to an <i>o</i>,
+and makes the President capture a moose,
+what a pickle I shall be in! Is it anything
+more than ordinary newspaper enterprise
+to turn a mouse into a moose? But, luckily
+for me, no such metamorphosis happened
+to that little mouse. It turned out
+not to be a new species, as it should have
+been, but a species new to the Park.</p>
+
+<p>I caught trout that afternoon, on the
+edge of steaming pools in the Madison
+River that seemed to my hand almost
+blood-warm. I suppose they found better
+feeding where the water was warm. On
+the table they did not compare with our
+Eastern brook trout.</p>
+
+<p>I was pleased to be told at one of the
+hotels that they had kalsomined some of
+the rooms with material from one of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 68]</a></span>
+devil's paint-pots. It imparted a soft, delicate,
+pinkish tint, not at all suggestive of
+things satanic.</p>
+
+<p>One afternoon at Norris's, the President
+and I took a walk to observe the
+birds. In the grove about the barns there
+was a great number, the most attractive
+to me being the mountain bluebird. These
+birds we saw in all parts of the Park, and
+at Norris's there was an unusual number
+of them. How blue they were,&mdash;breast
+and all! In voice and manner they
+were almost identical with our bluebird.
+The Western purple finch was abundant
+here also, and juncos, and several kinds
+of sparrows, with an occasional Western
+robin. A pair of wild geese were feeding
+in the low, marshy ground not over one
+hundred yards from us, but when we
+tried to approach nearer they took wing.
+A few geese and ducks seem to winter in
+the Park.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The second morning at Norris's one
+of our teamsters, George Marvin, suddenly
+dropped dead from some heart affection,
+just as he had finished caring for
+his team. It was a great shock to us all.
+I never saw a better man with a team
+than he was. I had ridden on the seat
+beside him all the day previous. On one
+of the "formations" our teams had got
+mired in the soft, putty-like mud, and at
+one time it looked as if they could never
+extricate themselves, and I doubt if they
+could have, had it not been for the skill
+with which Marvin managed them. We
+started for the Grand Ca&ntilde;on up the Yellowstone
+that morning, and, in order to
+give myself a walk over the crisp snow in
+the clear, frosty air, I set out a little while
+in advance of the teams. As I did so, I
+saw the President, accompanied by one
+of the teamsters, walking hurriedly toward
+the barn to pay his last respects to
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+the body of Marvin. After we had returned
+to Mammoth Hot Springs, he
+made inquiries for the young woman to
+whom he had been told that Marvin was
+engaged to be married. He looked her
+up, and sat a long time with her in her
+home, offering his sympathy, and speaking
+words of consolation. The act shows
+the depth and breadth of his humanity.</p>
+
+<p>At the Ca&ntilde;on Hotel the snow was very
+deep, and had become so soft from the
+warmth of the earth beneath, as well as
+from the sun above, that we could only
+reach the brink of the Ca&ntilde;on on skis.
+The President and Major Pitcher had
+used skis before, but I had not, and,
+starting out without the customary pole,
+I soon came to grief. The snow gave way
+beneath me, and I was soon in an awkward
+predicament. The more I struggled,
+the lower my head and shoulders went,
+till only my heels, strapped to those long
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 71]</a></span>
+timbers, protruded above the snow. To
+reverse my position was impossible till
+some one came and reached me the end
+of a pole, and pulled me upright. But I
+very soon got the hang of the things, and
+the President and I quickly left the superintendent
+behind. I think I could have
+passed the President, but my manners
+forbade. He was heavier than I was, and
+broke in more. When one of his feet
+would go down half a yard or more, I
+noted with admiration the skilled diplomacy
+he displayed in extricating it. The
+tendency of my skis was all the time to
+diverge, and each to go off at an acute
+angle to my main course, and I had constantly
+to be on the alert to check this
+tendency.</p>
+
+<p>Paths had been shoveled for us along
+the brink of the Ca&ntilde;on, so that we got
+the usual views from the different points.
+The Ca&ntilde;on was nearly free from snow,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 72]</a></span>
+and was a grand spectacle, by far the
+grandest to be seen in the Park. The
+President told us that once, when pressed
+for meat, while returning through here
+from one of his hunting trips, he had
+made his way down to the river that we
+saw rushing along beneath us, and had
+caught some trout for dinner. Necessity
+alone could induce him to fish.</p>
+
+<p>Across the head of the Falls there was
+a bridge of snow and ice, upon which we
+were told that the coyotes passed. As the
+season progressed, there would come a
+day when the bridge would not be safe.
+It would be interesting to know if the
+coyotes knew when this time arrived.</p>
+
+<p>The only live thing we saw in the
+Ca&ntilde;on was an osprey perched upon a
+rock opposite us.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;">
+<a name="img72" id="img72"></a>
+<img src="images/i009.jpg" width="1024" height="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>THE PRESIDENT ON A TRAIL</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Near the falls of the Yellowstone, as at
+other places we had visited, a squad of
+soldiers had their winter quarters. The
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+President called on them, as he had called
+upon the others, looked over the books
+they had to read, examined their housekeeping
+arrangements, and conversed
+freely with them.</p>
+
+<p>In front of the hotel were some low hills
+separated by gentle valleys. At the President's
+suggestion, he and I raced on our
+skis down those inclines. We had only to
+stand up straight, and let gravity do the
+rest. As we were going swiftly down
+the side of one of the hills, I saw out of
+the corner of my eye the President taking
+a header into the snow. The snow had
+given way beneath him, and nothing
+could save him from taking the plunge.
+I don't know whether I called out, or
+only thought, something about the downfall
+of the administration. At any rate,
+the administration was down, and pretty
+well buried, but it was quickly on its feet
+again, shaking off the snow with a boy's
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 74]</a></span>
+laughter. I kept straight on, and very
+soon the laugh was on me, for the treacherous
+snow sank beneath me, and I took
+a header, too.</p>
+
+<p>"Who is laughing now, Oom John?"
+called out the President.</p>
+
+<p>The spirit of the boy was in the air
+that day about the Ca&ntilde;on of the Yellowstone,
+and the biggest boy of us all was
+President Roosevelt.</p>
+
+<p>The snow was getting so soft in the
+middle of the day that our return to the
+Mammoth Hot Springs could no longer
+be delayed. Accordingly, we were up in
+the morning, and ready to start on the
+home journey, a distance of twenty miles,
+by four o'clock. The snow bore up the
+horses well till mid-forenoon, when it
+began to give way beneath them. But
+by very careful management we pulled
+through without serious delay, and were
+back again at the house of Major Pitcher
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 75]</a></span>
+in time for luncheon, being the only outsiders
+who had ever made the tour of the
+Park so early in the season.</p>
+
+<p>A few days later I bade good-by to the
+President, who went on his way to California,
+while I made a loop of travel to
+Spokane, and around through Idaho and
+Montana, and had glimpses of the great,
+optimistic, sunshiny West that I shall not
+soon forget.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+<h1>PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A<br />
+NATURE-LOVER AND<br />
+OBSERVER</h1>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+<h2>PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A NATURE-LOVER AND OBSERVER</h2>
+
+
+<p>Our many-sided President has a side
+to his nature of which the public has
+heard but little, and which, in view of
+his recent criticism of what he calls the
+nature fakirs, is of especial interest and
+importance. I refer to his keenness and
+enthusiasm as a student of animal life,
+and his extraordinary powers of observation.
+The charge recently made against
+him that he is only a sportsman and has
+only a sportsman's interest in nature is
+very wide of the mark. Why, I cannot
+now recall that I have ever met a man
+with a keener and more comprehensive
+interest in the wild life about us&mdash;an
+interest that is at once scientific and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 80]</a></span>
+thoroughly human. And by human I do
+not mean anything akin to the sentimentalism
+that sicklies o'er so much of our
+more recent natural history writing, and
+that inspires the founding of hospitals
+for sick cats; but I mean his robust,
+manly love for all open-air life, and his
+sympathetic insight into it. When I first
+read his "Wilderness Hunter," many
+years ago, I was impressed by his rare
+combination of the sportsman and the
+naturalist. When I accompanied him on
+his trip to the Yellowstone Park in April,
+1903, I got a fresh impression of the extent
+of his natural history knowledge and
+of his trained powers of observation. Nothing
+escaped him, from bears to mice,
+from wild geese to chickadees, from elk
+to red squirrels; he took it all in, and he
+took it in as only an alert, vigorous mind
+can take it in. On that occasion I was
+able to help him identify only one new
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 81]</a></span>
+bird, as I have related in the foregoing
+chapter. All the other birds he recognized
+as quickly as I did.</p>
+
+<p>During a recent half-day spent with
+the President at Sagamore Hill I got a
+still more vivid impression of his keenness
+and quickness in all natural history
+matters. The one passion of his life
+seemed natural history, and the appearance
+of a new warbler in his woods&mdash;new
+in the breeding season on Long
+Island&mdash;seemed an event that threw the
+affairs of state and of the presidential
+succession quite into the background.
+Indeed, he fairly bubbled over with delight
+at the thought of his new birds and
+at the prospect of showing them to his
+visitors. He said to my friend who accompanied
+me, John Lewis Childs, of
+Floral Park, a former State Senator, that
+he could not talk politics then, he wanted
+to talk and to hunt birds. And it was not
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 82]</a></span>
+long before he was as hot on the trail of
+that new warbler as he had recently been
+on the trail of some of the great trusts.
+Fancy a President of the United States
+stalking rapidly across bushy fields to
+the woods, eager as a boy and filled with
+the one idea of showing to his visitors the
+black-throated green warbler! We were
+presently in the edge of the woods and
+standing under a locust tree, where the
+President had several times seen and
+heard his rare visitant. "That's his note
+now," he said, and we all three recognized
+it at the same instant. It came from
+across a little valley fifty yards farther in
+the woods. We were soon standing under
+the tree in which the bird was singing,
+and presently had our glasses upon him.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;">
+<a name="img82" id="img82"></a>
+<img src="images/i010.jpg" width="1024" height="684" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>THE PRESIDENT'S HOME ON SAGAMORE HILL, SHOWING ADDITION KNOWN AS THE TROPHY ROOM</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>"There is no mistake about it, Mr.
+President," we both said; "it is surely
+the black-throated green," and he laughed
+in glee. "I knew it could be no other;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 83]</a></span>
+there is no mistaking that song and those
+markings. 'Trees, trees, murmuring
+trees!' some one reports him as saying.
+Now if we could only find the nest;" but
+we did not, though it was doubtless not
+far off.</p>
+
+<p>Our warblers, both in color and in song,
+are bewildering even to the experienced
+ornithologist, but the President had mastered
+most of them. Not long before he
+had written me from Washington that he
+had just come in from walking with Mrs.
+Roosevelt about the White House grounds
+looking up arriving warblers. "Most of
+the warblers were up in the tops of the
+trees, and I could not get a good glimpse
+of them; but there was one with chestnut
+cheeks, with bright yellow behind the
+cheeks, and a yellow breast thickly
+streaked with black, which has puzzled
+me. Doubtless it is a very common kind
+which has for the moment slipped my
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 84]</a></span>
+memory. I saw the Blackburnian, the
+summer yellowbird, and the black-throated
+green." The next day he wrote
+me that he had identified the puzzling
+warbler; it was the Cape May. There is
+a tradition among newspaper men in
+Washington that a Cape May warbler
+once broke up a Cabinet meeting; maybe
+this was that identical bird.</p>
+
+<p>At luncheon he told us of some of his
+ornithological excursions in the White
+House grounds, how people would stare
+at him as he stood gazing up into the
+trees like one demented. "No doubt
+they thought me insane." "Yes," said
+Mrs. Roosevelt, "and as I was always
+with him, they no doubt thought I was
+the nurse that had him in charge."</p>
+
+<p>In his "Pastimes of an American
+Hunter" he tells of the owls that in June
+sometimes came after nightfall about the
+White House. "Sometimes they flew
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 85]</a></span>
+noiselessly to and fro, and seemingly
+caught big insects on the wing. At other
+times they would perch on the iron awning
+bars directly overhead. Once one of
+them perched over one of the windows
+and sat motionless, looking exactly like
+an owl of Pallas Athene."</p>
+
+<p>He knew the vireos also, and had seen
+and heard the white-eyed at his Virginia
+place, "Pine Knot," and he described
+its peculiar, emphatic song. As I moved
+along with the thought of this bird in
+mind and its snappy, incisive song, as I
+used to hear it in the old days near Washington,
+I fancied I caught its note in a
+dense bushy place below us. We paused
+to listen. "A catbird," said the President,
+and so we all agreed. We saw and heard
+a chewink. "Out West the chewink calls
+like a catbird," he observed. Continuing
+our walk, we skirted the edge of an orchard.
+Here the President called our
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 86]</a></span>
+attention to a high-hole's nest in a cavity
+of an old apple tree. He rapped on the
+trunk of the tree that we might hear the
+smothered cry for food of the young inside.
+A few days before he had found
+one of the half-fledged young on the
+ground under the tree, and had managed
+to reach up and drop it back into the
+nest. "What a boiling there was in there,"
+he said, "when the youngster dropped
+in!"</p>
+
+<p>A cuckoo called in a tree overhead, the
+first I had heard this season. I feared
+the cold spring had cut them off. "The
+yellow-billed, undoubtedly," the President
+observed, and was confirmed by Mr.
+Childs. I was not certain that I knew
+the call of the yellow-billed from that of
+the black-billed. "We have them both,"
+said the President, "but the yellow-billed
+is the more common."</p>
+
+<p>We continued our walk along a path
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 87]</a></span>
+that led down through a most delightful
+wood to the bay. Everywhere the marks
+of the President's axe were visible, as he
+had with his own hand thinned out and
+cleared up a large section of the wood.</p>
+
+<p>A few days previous he had seen some
+birds in a group of tulip-trees near the
+edge of the woods facing the water; he
+thought they were rose-breasted grosbeaks,
+but could not quite make them
+out. He had hoped to find them there
+now, and we looked and listened for
+some moments, but no birds appeared.</p>
+
+<p>Then he led us to a little pond in the
+midst of the forest where the night heron
+sometimes nested. A pair of them had
+nested there in a big water maple the year
+before, but the crows had broken them
+up. As we reached the spot the cry of
+the heron was heard over the tree-tops.
+"That is its alarm note," said the President.
+I remarked that it was much like
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+the cry of the little green heron. "Yes,
+it is, but if we wait here till the heron returns,
+and we are not discovered, you
+would hear his other more characteristic
+call, a hoarse quawk."</p>
+
+<p>Presently we moved on along another
+path through the woods toward the
+house. A large, wide-spreading oak attracted
+my attention&mdash;a superb tree.</p>
+
+<p>"You see by the branching of that
+oak," said the President, "that when it
+grew up this wood was an open field and
+maybe under the plough; it is only in fields
+that oaks take that form." I knew it was
+true, but my mind did not take in the fact
+when I first saw the tree. His mind acts
+with wonderful swiftness and completeness,
+as I had abundant proof that day.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 648px;">
+<a name="img88" id="img88"></a>
+<img src="images/i011.jpg" height="1024" width="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>A BIT OF WOODLAND ON THE SLOPE TOWARDS OYSTER BAY</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>As we walked along we discussed many
+questions, all bearing directly or indirectly
+upon natural history. The conversation
+was perpetually interrupted by some bird-note
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 89]</a></span>
+in the trees about us which we would
+pause to identify&mdash;the President's ear,
+I thought, being the most alert of the
+three. Continuing the talk, he dwelt upon
+the inaccuracy of most persons' seeing,
+and upon the unreliability as natural
+history of most of the stories told by
+guides and hunters. Sometimes writers
+of repute were to be read with caution.
+He mentioned that excellent hunting
+book of Colonel Dodge's, in which are
+described two species of the puma, one
+in the West called the "mountain lion,"
+very fierce and dangerous; the other called
+in the East the "panther,"&mdash;a harmless
+and cowardly animal. "Both the same
+species," said the President, "and almost
+identical in disposition."</p>
+
+<p>Nothing is harder than to convince a
+person that he has seen wrongly. The
+other day a doctor accosted me in the
+street of one of our inland towns to tell
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 90]</a></span>
+me of a strange bird he had seen; the
+bird was blood-red all over and was in
+some low bushes by the roadside. Of
+course I thought of our scarlet tanager,
+which was then just arriving. No, he
+knew that bird with black wings and tail;
+this bird had no black upon it, but every
+quill and feather was vivid scarlet. The
+doctor was very positive, so I had to tell
+him we had no such bird in our state.
+There was the summer redbird common
+in the Southern States, but this place is
+much beyond its northern limit, and, besides,
+this bird is not scarlet, but is of a
+dull red. Of course he had seen a tanager,
+but in the shade of the bushes the
+black of the wings and tail had escaped
+him.</p>
+
+<p>This was simply a case of mis-seeing
+in an educated man; but in the untrained
+minds of trappers and woodsmen generally
+there is an element of the superstitious,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 91]</a></span>
+and a love for the marvelous, which
+often prevents them from seeing the wild
+life about them just as it is. They possess
+the mythop[oe]ic faculty, and they
+unconsciously give play to it.</p>
+
+<p>Thus our talk wandered as we wandered
+along the woods and field paths.
+The President brought us back by the
+corner of a clover meadow where he was
+sure a pair of red-shouldered starlings
+had a nest. He knew it was an unlikely
+place for starlings to nest, as they breed
+in marshes and along streams and in the
+low bushes on lake borders, but this pair
+had always shown great uneasiness when
+he had approached this plot of tall clover.
+As we drew near, the male starling appeared
+and uttered his alarm note. The
+President struck out to look for the nest,
+and for a time the Administration was
+indeed in clover, with the alarmed black-bird
+circling above it and showing great
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+agitation. For my part, I hesitated on the
+edge of the clover patch, having a farmer's
+dread of seeing fine grass trampled down.
+I suggested to the President that he was
+injuring his hay crop; that the nest
+was undoubtedly there or near there; so
+he came out of the tall grass, and, after
+looking into the old tumbled-down barn&mdash;a
+regular early settler's barn, with
+huge timbers hewn from forest trees&mdash;that
+stood near by, and which the President
+said he preserved for its picturesqueness
+and its savor of old times, as well as
+for a place to romp in with his dogs and
+children, we made our way to the house.</p>
+
+<p>The purple finch nested in the trees
+about the house, and the President was
+greatly pleased that he was able to show
+us this bird also.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 648px;">
+<a name="img92" id="img92"></a>
+<img src="images/i012.jpg" height="1024" width="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>A PATH IN THE WOODS LEADING TO COLD SPRING HARBOR</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>A few days previous to our visit the
+children had found a bird's nest on the
+ground, in the grass, a few yards below
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 93]</a></span>
+the front of the house. There were young
+birds in it, and as the President had seen
+the grasshopper sparrow about there, he
+concluded the nest belonged to it. We
+went down to investigate it, and found
+the young gone and two addled eggs in
+the nest. When the President saw those
+eggs, he said: "That is not the nest of the
+grasshopper sparrow, after all; those are
+the eggs of the song sparrow, though
+the nest is more like that of the vesper
+sparrow. The eggs of the grasshopper
+sparrow are much lighter in color&mdash;almost
+white, with brown specks." For
+my part, I had quite forgotten for the
+moment how the eggs of the little sparrow
+looked or differed in color from those of
+the song sparrow. But the President has
+so little to remember that he forgets none
+of these minor things! His bird-lore
+and wood-lore seem as fresh as if just
+learned.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 94]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I asked him if he ever heard that rare
+piece of bird music, the flight song of the
+oven-bird. "Yes," he replied, "we frequently
+hear it of an evening, while we
+are sitting on the porch, right down there
+at the corner of the woods." Now, this
+flight song of the oven-bird was unknown
+to the older ornithologists, and Thoreau,
+with all his years of patient and tireless
+watching of birds and plants, never identified
+it; but the President had caught it
+quickly and easily, sitting on his porch
+at Sagamore Hill. I believe I may take
+the credit of being the first to identify
+and describe this song&mdash;back in the old
+"Wake Robin" days.</p>
+
+<p>In an inscription in a book the President
+had just given me he had referred
+to himself as my pupil. Now I was to be
+his pupil. In dealing with the birds I
+could keep pace with him pretty easily,
+and, maybe, occasionally lead him; but
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 95]</a></span>
+when we came to consider big game and
+the animal life of the globe, I was nowhere.
+His experience with the big game
+has been very extensive, and his acquaintance
+with the literature of the subject is
+far beyond my own; and he forgets nothing,
+while my memory is a sieve. In
+his study he set before me a small bronze
+elephant in action, made by the famous
+French sculptor Barye. He asked me if I
+saw anything wrong with it. I looked it
+over carefully, and was obliged to confess
+that, so far as I could see, it was all right.
+Then he placed before me another, by a
+Japanese artist. Instantly I saw what was
+wrong with the Frenchman's elephant.
+Its action was like that of a horse or a
+cow, or any trotting animal&mdash;a hind
+and a front foot on opposite sides moving
+together. The Japanese had caught
+the real movement of the animal, which
+is that of a pacer&mdash;both legs on the same
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 96]</a></span>
+side at a time. What different effects the
+two actions gave the statuettes! The free
+swing of the Japanese elephant you at
+once recognize as the real thing. The
+President laughed, and said he had never
+seen any criticism of Barye's elephant on
+this ground, or any allusion to his mistake;
+it was his own discovery. I was fairly
+beaten at my own game of observation.</p>
+
+<p>He then took down a copy of his
+"Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail,"
+and pointed out to me the mistakes the
+artist had made in some of his drawings
+of big Western game.</p>
+
+<p>"Do you see anything wrong in the
+head of the pronghorn?" he asked, referring
+to the animal which the hunter is
+bringing in on the saddle behind him.
+Again I had to confess that I could not.
+Then he showed me the mounted head
+of a pronghorn over the mantel in one of
+his rooms, and called my attention to the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 97]</a></span>
+fact that the eye was close under the root
+of the horn, whereas in the picture the
+artist had placed it about two inches too
+low. And in the artist's picture of the
+pronghorn, which heads Chapter IX, he
+had made the tail much too long, as he
+had the tail of the elk on the opposite
+page.</p>
+
+<p>I had heard of Mr. Roosevelt's attending
+a fair in Orange County, while he
+was Governor, where a group of mounted
+deer were exhibited. It seems the group
+had had rough usage, and one of the deer
+had lost its tail and a new one had been
+supplied. No one had noticed anything
+wrong with it till Mr. Roosevelt came
+along. "But the minute he clapped his
+eyes on that group," says the exhibitor,
+"he called out, 'Here, Gunther, what do
+you mean by putting a white-tail deer's
+tail on a black-tail deer?" Such closeness
+and accuracy of observation even few
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 98]</a></span>
+naturalists can lay claim to. I mentioned
+the incident to him, and he recalled it
+laughingly. He then took down a volume
+on the deer family which he had himself
+had a share in writing, and pointed out
+two mistakes in the naming of the pictures
+which had been overlooked. The
+picture of the "white-tail in flight" was
+the black-tail of Colorado, and the picture
+of the black-tail of Colorado showed the
+black-tail of Columbia&mdash;the difference
+this time being seen in the branching of
+the horns.</p>
+
+<p>The President took us through his
+house and showed us his trophies of the
+chase&mdash;bearskins of all sorts and sizes
+on the floors, panther and lynx skins on
+the chairs, and elk heads and deer heads
+on the walls, and one very large skin of
+the gray timber wolf. We examined the
+teeth of the wolf, barely more than an
+inch long, and we all laughed at the idea
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 99]</a></span>
+of its reaching the heart of a caribou
+through the breast by a snap, or any
+number of snaps, as it has been reported
+to do. I doubt if it could have reached
+the heart of a gobbler turkey in that way
+at a single snap.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 648px;">
+<a name="img98" id="img98"></a>
+<img src="images/i013.jpg" height="1024" width="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>A YEARLING IN THE APPLE ORCHARD</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The President's interest in birds, and
+in natural history generally, dates from
+his youth. While yet in his teens he published
+a list of the birds of Franklin
+County, New York. He showed me a
+bird journal which he kept in Egypt
+when he was a lad of fourteen, and a
+case of three African plovers which he
+had set up at that time; and they were
+well done.</p>
+
+<p>Evidently one of his chief sources of
+pleasure at Sagamore Hill is the companionship
+of the birds. He missed the
+bobolink, the seaside finch, and the
+marsh wren, but his woods and grounds
+abounded in other species. He knew and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 100]</a></span>
+enjoyed not only all the more common
+birds, but many rarer and shyer ones
+that few country people ever take note
+of&mdash;such as the Maryland yellow-throat,
+the black and white creeper, the yellow-breasted
+chat, the oven-bird, the prairie
+warbler, the great crested flycatcher, the
+wood pewee, and the sharp-tailed finch.
+He enjoyed the little owls, too. "It is a
+pity the little-eared owl is called a screech
+owl. Its tremulous, quavering cry is not
+a screech at all, and has an attraction of
+its own. These little owls come up to the
+house after dark, and are fond of sitting
+on the elk's antlers over the gable. When
+the moon is up, by choosing one's position,
+the little owl appears in sharp outline
+against the bright disk, seated on his
+many-tined perch."</p>
+
+<p>A few days after my visit he wrote me
+that he had identified the yellow-throated
+or Dominican warbler in his woods, the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 101]</a></span>
+first he had ever seen. I had to confess
+to him that I had never seen the bird. It
+is very rare north of Maryland. The
+same letter records several interesting
+little incidents in the wild life about him:</p>
+
+<p>"The other night I took out the boys
+in rowboats for a camping-out expedition.
+We camped on the beach under a
+low bluff near the grove where a few
+years ago on a similar expedition we saw
+a red fox. This time two young foxes,
+evidently this year's cubs, came around
+the camp half a dozen times during the
+night, coming up within ten yards of the
+fire to pick up scraps and seeming to be
+very little bothered by our presence. Yesterday
+on the tennis ground I found a
+mole shrew. He was near the side lines
+first. I picked him up in my handkerchief,
+for he bit my hand, and after we
+had all looked at him I let him go; but
+in a few minutes he came back and deliberately
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 102]</a></span>
+crossed the tennis grounds by the
+net. As he ran over the level floor of the
+court, his motion reminded all of us of
+the motion of those mechanical mice that
+run around on wheels when wound up.
+A chipmunk that lives near the tennis
+court continually crosses it when the
+game is in progress. He has done it two
+or three times this year, and either he or
+his predecessor has had the same habit
+for several years. I am really puzzled
+to know why he should go across this
+perfectly bare surface, with the players
+jumping about on it, when he is not
+frightened and has no reason that I can
+see for going. Apparently he grows accustomed
+to the players and moves about
+among them as he would move about, for
+instance, among a herd of cattle."</p>
+
+<p>The President is a born nature-lover,
+and he has what does not always go with
+this passion&mdash;remarkable powers of observation.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 103]</a></span>
+He sees quickly and surely,
+not less so with the corporeal eye than
+with the mental. His exceptional vitality,
+his awareness all around, gives the
+clue to his powers of seeing. The chief
+qualification of a born observer is an
+alert, sensitive, objective type of mind,
+and this Roosevelt has in a pre&euml;minent
+degree.</p>
+
+<p>You may know the true observer, not
+by the big things he sees, but by the
+little things; and then not by the things
+he sees with effort and premeditation, but
+by his effortless, unpremeditated seeing&mdash;the
+quick, spontaneous action of his mind
+in the presence of natural objects. Everybody
+sees the big things, and anybody can
+go out with note-book and opera-glass and
+make a dead set at the birds, or can go
+into the northern forests and interview
+guides and trappers and Indians, and
+stare in at the door of the "school of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 104]</a></span>
+woods." None of these things evince
+powers of observation; they only evince
+industry and intention. In fact, born observers
+are about as rare as born poets.
+Plenty of men can see straight and report
+straight what they see; but the men who
+see what others miss, who see quickly
+and surely, who have the detective eye,
+like Sherlock Holmes, who "get the
+drop," so to speak, on every object, who
+see minutely and who see whole, are rare
+indeed.</p>
+
+<p>President Roosevelt comes as near
+fulfilling this ideal as any man I have
+known. His mind moves with wonderful
+celerity, and yet as an observer he is
+very cautious, jumps to no hasty conclusions.</p>
+
+<p>He had written me, toward the end of
+May, that while at Pine Knot in Virginia
+he had seen a small flock of passenger
+pigeons. As I had been following
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 105]</a></span>
+up the reports of wild pigeons from various
+parts of our own state during the
+past two or three years, this statement of
+the President's made me prick up my
+ears. In my reply I said, "I hope you are
+sure about those pigeons," and I told
+him of my interest in the subject, and
+also how all reports of pigeons in the
+East had been discredited by a man in
+Michigan who was writing a book on the
+subject. This made him prick up his
+ears, and he replied that while he felt very
+certain he had seen a small band of the
+old wild pigeons, yet he might have been
+deceived; the eye sometimes plays one
+tricks. He said that in his old ranch days
+he and a cowboy companion thought one
+day that they had discovered a colony of
+<i>black</i> prairie dogs, thanks entirely to the
+peculiar angle at which the light struck
+them. He said that while he was President
+he did not want to make any statement,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 106]</a></span>
+even about pigeons, for the truth
+of which he did not have good evidence.
+He would have the matter looked into by
+a friend at Pine Knot upon whom he
+could depend. He did so, and convinced
+himself and me also that he had really
+seen wild pigeons. I had the pleasure of
+telling him that in the same mail with
+his letter came the news to me of a large
+flock of wild pigeons having been seen
+near the Beaverkill in Sullivan County,
+New York. While he was verifying his
+observation I was in Sullivan County
+verifying this report. I saw and questioned
+persons who had seen the pigeons,
+and I came away fully convinced that a
+flock of probably a thousand birds had
+been seen there late in the afternoon of
+May 23. "You need have no doubt
+about it," said the most competent
+witness, an old farmer. "I lived here
+when the pigeons nested here in countless
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 107]</a></span>
+numbers forty years ago. I know
+pigeons as I know folks, and these were
+pigeons."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;">
+<a name="img106" id="img106"></a>
+<img src="images/i014.jpg" width="1024" height="648" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><big>HALLWAY, SAGAMORE HILL</big><br />
+From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood &amp; Underwood, New York</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>I mention this incident of the pigeons
+because I know that the fact that they
+have been lately seen in considerable
+numbers will be good news to a large
+number of readers.</p>
+
+<p>The President's nature-love is deep
+and abiding. Not every bird student
+succeeds in making the birds a part of
+his life. Not till you have long and sympathetic
+intercourse with them, in fact,
+not till you have loved them for their own
+sake, do they enter into and become a
+part of your life. I could quote many
+passages from President Roosevelt's
+books which show how he has felt and
+loved the birds, and how discriminating
+his ear is with regard to their songs. Here
+is one:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The meadow-lark is a singer of a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 108]</a></span>
+higher order [than the plains skylark],
+deserving to rank with the best. Its song
+has length, variety, power, and rich melody,
+and there is in it sometimes a cadence
+of wild sadness inexpressibly touching.
+Yet I cannot say that either song
+would appeal to others as it appeals to me;
+for to me it comes forever laden with a
+hundred memories and associations&mdash;with
+the sight of dim hills reddening in
+the dawn, with the breath of cool morning
+winds blowing across lonely plains,
+with the scent of flowers on the sunlit
+prairie, with the motion of fiery horses,
+with all the strong thrill of eager and
+buoyant life. I doubt if any man can
+judge dispassionately the bird-songs of
+his own country; he cannot disassociate
+them from the sights and sounds of the
+land that is so dear to him."</p>
+
+<p>Here is another, touching upon some
+European song-birds as compared with
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 109]</a></span>
+some of our own: "No one can help liking
+the lark; it is such a brave, honest,
+cheery bird, and moreover its song is uttered
+in the air, and is very long-sustained.
+But it is by no means a musician of the
+first rank. The nightingale is a performer
+of a very different and far higher order;
+yet though it is indeed a notable and
+admirable singer, it is an exaggeration
+to call it unequaled. In melody, and
+above all in that finer, higher melody
+where the chords vibrate with the touch
+of eternal sorrow, it cannot rank with
+such singers as the wood-thrush and
+the hermit-thrush. The serene ethereal
+beauty of the hermit's song, rising and
+falling through the still evening, under
+the archways of hoary mountain forests
+that have endured from time everlasting;
+the golden, leisurely chiming of the wood-thrush,
+sounding on June afternoons,
+stanza by stanza, through the sun-flecked
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 110]</a></span>
+groves of tall hickories, oaks, and chestnuts;
+with these there is nothing in the
+nightingale's song to compare. But in
+volume and continuity, in tuneful, voluble,
+rapid outpouring and ardor, above
+all in skillful and intricate variation of
+theme, its song far surpasses that of
+either of the thrushes. In all these respects
+it is more just to compare it with
+the mocking-bird's, which, as a rule, likewise
+falls short precisely on those points
+where the songs of the two thrushes
+excel."</p>
+
+<p>In his "Pastimes of an American
+Hunter" he says: "It is an incalculable
+added pleasure to any one's sense of happiness
+if he or she grows to know, even
+slightly and imperfectly, how to read and
+enjoy the wonder-book of nature. All
+hunters should be nature-lovers. It is to
+be hoped that the days of mere wasteful,
+boastful slaughter are past, and that
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 111]</a></span>
+from now on the hunter will stand foremost
+in working for the preservation and
+perpetuation of the wild life, whether big
+or little." Surely this man is the rarest
+kind of a sportsman.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt, by 
+John Burroughs
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPING & TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 33053-h.htm or 33053-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/0/5/33053/
+
+Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i001.jpg b/33053-h/images/i001.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9ccfcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i001.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i002.jpg b/33053-h/images/i002.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c9f361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i002.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i003.jpg b/33053-h/images/i003.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cb28b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i003.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i004.jpg b/33053-h/images/i004.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71b2d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i004.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i005.jpg b/33053-h/images/i005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d2852e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i005.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i006.jpg b/33053-h/images/i006.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..541dc38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i006.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i007.jpg b/33053-h/images/i007.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b7e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i007.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i008.jpg b/33053-h/images/i008.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3aca3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i008.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i009.jpg b/33053-h/images/i009.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d00950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i009.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i010.jpg b/33053-h/images/i010.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80472fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i010.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i011.jpg b/33053-h/images/i011.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfa046d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i011.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i012.jpg b/33053-h/images/i012.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3374d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i012.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i013.jpg b/33053-h/images/i013.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f996d3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i013.jpg
diff --git a/33053-h/images/i014.jpg b/33053-h/images/i014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71df107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053-h/images/i014.jpg
diff --git a/33053.txt b/33053.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dcc196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2258 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt, by John Burroughs
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt
+
+Author: John Burroughs
+
+Release Date: July 2, 2010 [EBook #33053]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPING & TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                              CAMPING &
+                              TRAMPING
+                                WITH
+                              ROOSEVELT
+
+                          BY JOHN BURROUGHS
+
+
+
+
+                       Books by John Burroughs
+
+
+    #WORKS.# 19 vols., uniform, 16mo, with frontispiece, gilt top.
+      WAKE-ROBIN.
+      WINTER SUNSHINE.
+      LOCUSTS AND WILD HONEY.
+      FRESH FIELDS.
+      INDOOR STUDIES.
+      BIRDS AND POETS, WITH OTHER PAPERS.
+      PEPACTON, AND OTHER SKETCHES.
+      SIGNS AND SEASONS.
+      RIVERBY.
+      WHITMAN: A STUDY.
+      THE LIGHT OF DAY.
+      LITERARY VALUES.
+      FAR AND NEAR.
+      WAYS OF NATURE.
+      LEAF AND TENDRIL.
+      TIME AND CHANGE.
+      THE SUMMIT OF THE YEARS.
+      THE BREATH OF LIFE.
+      UNDER THE APPLE-TREES.
+      FIELD AND STUDY.
+
+    #FIELD AND STUDY.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #UNDER THE APPLE-TREES.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #THE BREATH OF LIFE.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #THE SUMMIT OF THE YEARS.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #TIME AND CHANGE.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #LEAF AND TENDRIL.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #WAYS OF NATURE.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #FAR AND NEAR.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #LITERARY VALUES.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #THE LIGHT OF DAY.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #WHITMAN: A Study.# _Riverside Edition._
+
+    #A YEAR IN THE FIELDS.# Selections appropriate to each season
+    of the year, from the writings of John Burroughs. Illustrated
+    from Photographs by CLIFTON JOHNSON.
+
+    #IN THE CATSKILLS.# Illustrated from Photographs by CLIFTON
+    JOHNSON.
+
+    #CAMPING AND TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT.# Illustrated from
+    Photographs.
+
+    #BIRD AND BOUGH.# Poems.
+
+    #WINTER SUNSHINE.# _Cambridge Classics Series._
+
+    #WAKE-ROBIN.# _Riverside Aldine Series._
+
+    #SQUIRRELS AND OTHER FUR-BEARERS.# Illustrated.
+
+    #BIRD STORIES FROM BURROUGHS.# Illustrated.
+
+                       HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
+                         BOSTON AND NEW YORK
+
+
+
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT ON GLACIER POINT, YOSEMITE VALLEY
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+
+
+
+                          CAMPING & TRAMPING
+                            WITH ROOSEVELT
+
+                                  BY
+                            JOHN BURROUGHS
+
+                         _WITH ILLUSTRATIONS_
+
+                            [Illustration]
+
+                         BOSTON AND NEW YORK
+                       HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
+                   #The Riverside Press Cambridge#
+
+
+
+    COPYRIGHT 1906 BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.
+    COPYRIGHT 1907 BY THE OUTLOOK COMPANY
+    COPYRIGHT 1907 BY JOHN BURROUGHS
+
+    _Published October 1907_
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+  THE PRESIDENT ON GLACIER POINT, YOSEMITE VALLEY     _Frontispiece_
+  ARRIVAL AT GARDINER, MONTANA                                    10
+  THE PRESIDENT, MR. BURROUGHS AND SECRETARY LOEB                 24
+  THE PRESIDENT IN THE BEAR COUNTRY                               38
+  MR. BURROUGHS'S FAVORITE PASTIME                                50
+  SUNRISE IN THE YELLOWSTONE                                      64
+  THE PRESIDENT ON A TRAIL                                        72
+  THE PRESIDENT'S HOME ON SAGAMORE HILL, SHOWING ADDITION KNOWN
+          AS THE TROPHY ROOM                                      82
+  A BIT OF WOODLAND ON THE SLOPE TOWARDS OYSTER BAY               88
+  A PATH IN THE WOODS LEADING TO COLD SPRING HARBOR               92
+  A YEARLING IN THE APPLE ORCHARD                                 98
+  HALLWAY, SAGAMORE HILL                                         106
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+This little volume really needs no introduction; the two sketches of
+which it is made explain and, I hope, justify themselves. But there is
+one phase of the President's many-sided character upon which I should
+like to lay especial emphasis, namely, his natural history bent and
+knowledge. Amid all his absorbing interests and masterful activities
+in other fields, his interest and his authority in practical natural
+history are by no means the least. I long ago had very direct proof of
+this statement. In some of my English sketches, following a visit to
+that island in 1882, I had, rather by implication than by positive
+statement, inclined to the opinion that the European forms of animal
+life were, as a rule, larger and more hardy and prolific than the
+corresponding forms in this country. Roosevelt could not let this
+statement or suggestion go unchallenged, and the letter which I
+received from him in 1892, touching these things, is of double
+interest at this time, as showing one phase of his radical
+Americanism, while it exhibits him as a thoroughgoing naturalist.
+I am sure my readers will welcome the gist of this letter. After
+some preliminary remarks he says:--
+
+"The point of which I am speaking is where you say that the Old World
+forms of animal life are coarser, stronger, fiercer, and more fertile
+than those of the New World." (My statement was not quite so sweeping
+as this.) "Now I don't think that this is so; at least, comparing the
+forms which are typical of North America and of northern Asia and
+Europe, which together form but one province of animal life.
+
+"Many animals and birds which increase very fast in new countries, and
+which are commonly spoken of as European in their origin, are really
+as alien to Europe as to their new homes. Thus the rabbit, rat, and
+mouse are just as truly interlopers in England as in the United States
+and Australia, having moved thither apparently within historic times,
+the rabbit from North Africa, the others from southern Asia; and one
+could no more generalize upon the comparative weakness of the American
+fauna from these cases of intruders than one could generalize from
+them upon the comparative weakness of the British, German, and French
+wild animals. Our wood mouse or deer mouse retreats before the
+ordinary house mouse in exactly the same way that the European wood
+mouse does, and not a whit more. Our big wood rat stands in the same
+relation to the house rat. Casting aside these cases, it seems to me,
+looking at the mammals, that it would be quite impossible to
+generalize as to whether those of the Old or the New World are more
+fecund, are the fiercest, the hardiest, or the strongest. A great many
+cases could be cited on both sides. Our moose and caribou are, in
+certain of their varieties, rather larger than the Old World forms of
+the same species. If there is any difference between the beavers of
+the two countries, it is in the same direction. So with the great
+family of the field mice. The largest true arvicola seems to be the
+yellow-cheeked mouse of Hudson's Bay, and the biggest representative
+of the family on either continent is the muskrat. In most of its
+varieties the wolf of North America seems to be inferior in strength
+and courage to that of northern Europe and Asia; but the direct
+reverse is true with the grizzly bear, which is merely a somewhat
+larger and fiercer variety of the common European brown bear. On the
+whole, the Old World bison, or so-called aurochs, appears to be
+somewhat more formidable than its American brother; but the difference
+against the latter is not anything like as great as the difference in
+favor of the American wapiti, which is nothing but a giant
+representative of the comparatively puny European stag. So with the
+red fox. The fox of New York is about the size of that of France, and
+inferior in size to that of Scotland; the latter in turn is inferior
+in size to the big fox of the upper Missouri, while the largest of all
+comes from British America. There is no basis for the belief that the
+red fox was imported here from Europe; its skin was a common article
+of trade with the Canadian fur traders from the earliest times. On the
+other hand, the European lynx is much bigger than the American. The
+weasels afford cases in point, showing how hard it is to make a
+general law on the subject. The American badger is very much smaller
+than the European, and the American otter very much larger than the
+European otter. Our pine marten, or sable, compared with that of
+Europe, shows the very qualities of which you speak; that is, its
+skull is slenderer, the bones are somewhat lighter, the teeth less
+stout, the form showing more grace and less strength. But curiously
+enough this is reversed, with even greater emphasis, in the minks of
+the two continents, the American being much the largest and strongest,
+with stouter teeth, bigger bones, and a stronger animal in every way.
+The little weasel is on the whole smaller here, while the big weasel,
+or stoat, is, in some of its varieties at least, largest on this side;
+and, of the true weasels, the largest of all is the so-called fisher,
+a purely American beast, a fierce and hardy animal which habitually
+preys upon as hard fighting a creature as the raccoon, and which could
+eat all the Asiatic and European varieties of weasels without an
+effort.
+
+"About birds I should be far less competent to advance arguments, and
+especially, my dear sir, to you; but it seems to me that two of the
+most self-asserting and hardiest of our families of birds are the
+tyrant flycatchers, of which the kingbird is chief, and the
+blackbirds, or grackles, with the meadow lark at their head, both
+characteristically American.
+
+"Did you ever look over the medical statistics of the half million men
+drafted during the Civil War? They include men of every race and
+color, and from every country of Europe, and from every State in the
+Union; and so many men were measured that the average of the
+measurements is probably pretty fair. From these it would appear that
+the physical type in the Eastern States had undoubtedly degenerated.
+The man from New York or New England, unless he came from the
+lumbering districts, though as tall as the Englishman or Irishman, was
+distinctly lighter built, and especially was narrower across the
+chest; but the finest men physically of all were the Kentuckians and
+Tennesseeans. After them came the Scandinavians, then the Scotch, then
+the people from several of the Western States, such as Wisconsin and
+Minnesota, then the Irish, then the Germans, then the English, etc.
+The decay of vitality, especially as shown in the decreasing fertility
+of the New England and, indeed, New York stock, is very alarming; but
+the most prolific peoples on this continent, whether of native or
+foreign origin, are the native whites of the southern Alleghany
+region in Kentucky and Tennessee, the Virginians, and the Carolinians,
+and also the French of Canada.
+
+"It will be difficult to frame a general law of fecundity in comparing
+the effects upon human life of long residence on the two continents
+when we see that the Frenchman in Canada is healthy and enormously
+fertile, while the old French stock is at the stationary point in
+France, the direct reverse being the case when the English of Old and
+of New England are compared, and the decision being again reversed if
+we compare the English with the mountain whites of the Southern
+States."
+
+
+
+
+CAMPING WITH PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT
+
+
+At the time I made the trip to Yellowstone Park with President
+Roosevelt in the spring of 1903, I promised some friends to write up
+my impressions of the President and of the Park, but I have been slow
+in getting around to it. The President himself, having the absolute
+leisure and peace of the White House, wrote his account of the trip
+nearly two years ago! But with the stress and strain of my life
+at "Slabsides,"--administering the affairs of so many of the wild
+creatures of the woods about me,--I have not till this blessed season
+(fall of 1905) found the time to put on record an account of the most
+interesting thing I saw in that wonderful land, which, of course, was
+the President himself.
+
+When I accepted his invitation I was well aware that during the
+journey I should be in a storm centre most of the time, which is not
+always a pleasant prospect to a man of my habits and disposition. The
+President himself is a good deal of a storm,--a man of such abounding
+energy and ceaseless activity that he sets everything in motion around
+him wherever he goes. But I knew he would be pretty well occupied on
+his way to the Park in speaking to eager throngs and in receiving
+personal and political homage in the towns and cities we were to pass
+through. But when all this was over, and I found myself with him in
+the wilderness of the Park, with only the superintendent and a few
+attendants to help take up his tremendous personal impact, how was it
+likely to fare with a non-strenuous person like myself? I asked. I had
+visions of snow six and seven feet deep, where traveling could be
+done only upon snow-shoes, and I had never had the things on my feet
+in my life. If the infernal fires beneath, that keep the pot boiling
+so furiously in the Park, should melt the snows, I could see the party
+tearing along on horseback at a wolf-hunt pace over a rough country;
+and as I had not been on a horse's back since the President was born,
+how would it be likely to fare with me then?
+
+I had known the President several years before he became famous, and
+we had had some correspondence on subjects of natural history. His
+interest in such themes is always very fresh and keen, and the main
+motive of his visit to the Park at this time was to see and study in
+its semi-domesticated condition the great game which he had so often
+hunted during his ranch days; and he was kind enough to think it would
+be an additional pleasure to see it with a nature-lover like myself.
+For my own part, I knew nothing about big game, but I knew there was
+no man in the country with whom I should so like to see it as
+Roosevelt.
+
+Some of our newspapers reported that the President intended to hunt in
+the Park. A woman in Vermont wrote me, to protest against the hunting,
+and hoped I would teach the President to love the animals as much as I
+did,--as if he did not love them much more, because his love is
+founded upon knowledge, and because they had been a part of his life.
+She did not know that I was then cherishing the secret hope that I
+might be allowed to shoot a cougar or bobcat; but this fun did not
+come to me. The President said, "I will not fire a gun in the Park;
+then I shall have no explanations to make." Yet once I did hear him
+say in the wilderness, "I feel as if I ought to keep the camp in
+meat. I always have." I regretted that he could not do so on this
+occasion.
+
+I have never been disturbed by the President's hunting trips. It is to
+such men as he that the big game legitimately belongs,--men who regard
+it from the point of view of the naturalist as well as from that of
+the sportsman, who are interested in its preservation, and who share
+with the world the delight they experience in the chase. Such a hunter
+as Roosevelt is as far removed from the game-butcher as day is from
+night; and as for his killing of the "varmints,"--bears, cougars, and
+bobcats,--the fewer of these there are, the better for the useful and
+beautiful game.
+
+The cougars, or mountain lions, in the Park certainly needed killing.
+The superintendent reported that he had seen where they had slain
+nineteen elk, and we saw where they had killed a deer and dragged its
+body across the trail. Of course, the President would not now on his
+hunting trips shoot an elk or a deer except to "keep the camp in
+meat," and for this purpose it is as legitimate as to slay a sheep or
+a steer for the table at home.
+
+We left Washington on April 1, and strung several of the larger
+Western cities on our thread of travel,--Chicago, Milwaukee, Madison,
+St. Paul, Minneapolis,--as well as many lesser towns, in each of which
+the President made an address, sometimes brief, on a few occasions of
+an hour or more.
+
+He gave himself very freely and heartily to the people wherever he
+went. He could easily match their Western cordiality and
+good-fellowship. Wherever his train stopped, crowds soon gathered, or
+had already gathered, to welcome him. His advent made a holiday in
+each town he visited. At all the principal stops the usual programme
+was: first, his reception by the committee of citizens appointed to
+receive him,--they usually boarded his private car, and were one by
+one introduced to him; then a drive through the town with a concourse
+of carriages; then to the hall or open-air platform, where he spoke to
+the assembled throng; then to lunch or dinner; and then back to the
+train, and off for the next stop,--a round of hand-shaking,
+carriage-driving, speech-making each day. He usually spoke from eight
+to ten times every twenty-four hours, sometimes for only a few minutes
+from the rear platform of his private car, at others for an hour or
+more in some large hall. In Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul,
+elaborate banquets were given him and his party, and on each occasion
+he delivered a carefully prepared speech upon questions that involved
+the policy of his administration. The throng that greeted him in the
+vast Auditorium in Chicago--that rose and waved and waved again--was
+one of the grandest human spectacles I ever witnessed.
+
+In Milwaukee the dense cloud of tobacco smoke that presently filled
+the large hall after the feasting was over was enough to choke any
+speaker, but it did not seem to choke the President, though he does
+not use tobacco in any form himself; nor was there anything foggy
+about his utterances on that occasion upon legislative control of the
+trusts.
+
+    [Illustration: ARRIVAL AT GARDINER, MONT.
+    (ENTRANCE TO YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.)
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1906, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York.]
+
+In St. Paul the city was inundated with humanity,--a vast human tide
+that left the middle of the streets bare as our line of carriages
+moved slowly along, but that rose up in solid walls of town and
+prairie humanity on the sidewalks and city dooryards. How hearty and
+happy the myriad faces looked! At one point I spied in the throng on
+the curbstone a large silk banner that bore my own name as the title
+of some society. I presently saw that it was borne by half a dozen
+anxious and expectant-looking schoolgirls with braids down their
+backs. As my carriage drew near them, they pressed their way through
+the throng and threw a large bouquet of flowers into my lap. I think
+it would be hard to say who blushed the deeper, the girls or myself.
+It was the first time I had ever had flowers showered upon me in
+public; and then, maybe, I felt that on such an occasion I was only a
+minor side issue, and public recognition was not called for. But the
+incident pleased the President. "I saw that banner and those flowers,"
+he said afterwards; "and I was delighted to see you honored that way."
+But I fear I have not to this day thanked the Monroe School of St.
+Paul for that pretty attention.
+
+The time of the passing of the presidential train seemed well known,
+even on the Dakota prairies. At one point I remember a little brown
+schoolhouse stood not far off, and near the track the school-ma'am,
+with her flock, drawn up in line. We were at luncheon, but the
+President caught a glimpse ahead through the window, and quickly took
+in the situation. With napkin in hand, he rushed out on the platform
+and waved to them. "Those children," he said, as he came back, "wanted
+to see the President of the United States, and I could not disappoint
+them. They may never have another chance. What a deep impression such
+things make when we are young!"
+
+At some point in the Dakotas we picked up the former foreman of his
+ranch and another cowboy friend of the old days, and they rode with
+the President in his private car for several hours. He was as happy
+with them as a schoolboy ever was in meeting old chums. He beamed with
+delight all over. The life which those men represented, and of which
+he had himself once formed a part, meant so much to him; it had
+entered into the very marrow of his being, and I could see the joy of
+it all shining in his face as he sat and lived parts of it over again
+with those men that day. He bubbled with laughter continually. The
+men, I thought, seemed a little embarrassed by his open-handed
+cordiality and good-fellowship. He himself evidently wanted to forget
+the present, and to live only in the memory of those wonderful ranch
+days,--that free, hardy, adventurous life upon the plains. It all came
+back to him with a rush when he found himself alone with these heroes
+of the rope and the stirrup. How much more keen his appreciation was,
+and how much quicker his memory, than theirs! He was constantly
+recalling to their minds incidents which they had forgotten, and the
+names of horses and dogs which had escaped them. His subsequent life,
+instead of making dim the memory of his ranch days, seemed to have
+made it more vivid by contrast.
+
+When they had gone I said to him, "I think your affection for those
+men very beautiful."
+
+"How could I help it?" he said.
+
+"Still, few men in your station could or would go back and renew such
+friendships."
+
+"Then I pity them," he replied.
+
+He said afterwards that his ranch life had been the making of him. It
+had built him up and hardened him physically, and it had opened his
+eyes to the wealth of manly character among the plainsmen and
+cattlemen.
+
+Had he not gone West, he said, he never would have raised the Rough
+Riders regiment; and had he not raised that regiment and gone to the
+Cuban War, he would not have been made governor of New York; and had
+not this happened, the politicians would not unwittingly have made his
+rise to the Presidency so inevitable. There is no doubt, I think, that
+he would have got there some day; but without the chain of events
+above outlined, his rise could not have been so rapid.
+
+Our train entered the Bad Lands of North Dakota in the early evening
+twilight, and the President stood on the rear platform of his car,
+gazing wistfully upon the scene. "I know all this country like a
+book," he said. "I have ridden over it, and hunted over it, and
+tramped over it, in all seasons and weather, and it looks like home to
+me. My old ranch is not far off. We shall soon reach Medora, which
+was my station." It was plain to see that that strange,
+forbidding-looking landscape, hills and valleys to eastern eyes,
+utterly demoralized and gone to the bad,--flayed, fantastic, treeless,
+a riot of naked clay slopes, chimney-like buttes, and dry
+coulees,--was in his eyes a land of almost pathetic interest. There
+were streaks of good pasturage here and there where his cattle used to
+graze, and where the deer and the pronghorn used to linger.
+
+When we reached Medora, where the train was scheduled to stop an hour,
+it was nearly dark, but the whole town and country round had turned
+out to welcome their old townsman. After much hand-shaking, the
+committee conducted us down to a little hall, where the President
+stood on a low platform, and made a short address to the standing
+crowd that filled the place. Then some flashlight pictures were taken
+by the local photographer, after which the President stepped down,
+and, while the people filed past him, shook hands with every man,
+woman, and child of them, calling many of them by name, and greeting
+them all most cordially. I recall one grizzled old frontiersman whose
+hand he grasped, calling him by name, and saying, "How well I remember
+you! You once mended my gunlock for me,--put on a new hammer." "Yes,"
+said the delighted old fellow; "I'm the man, Mr. President." He was
+among his old neighbors once more, and the pleasure of the meeting was
+very obvious on both sides. I heard one of the women tell him they
+were going to have a dance presently, and ask him if he would not stay
+and open it! The President laughingly excused himself, and said his
+train had to leave on schedule time, and his time was nearly up. I
+thought of the incident in his "Ranch Life," in which he says he once
+opened a cowboy ball with the wife of a Minnesota man, who danced
+opposite, and who had recently shot a bullying Scotchman. He says the
+scene reminded him of the ball where Bret Harte's heroine "went down
+the middle with the man that shot Sandy Magee."
+
+Before reaching Medora he had told me many anecdotes of "Hell-Roaring
+Bill Jones," and had said I should see him. But it turned out that
+Hell-Roaring Bill had begun to celebrate the coming of the President
+too early in the day, and when we reached Medora he was not in a
+presentable condition. I forget now how he had earned his name, but no
+doubt he had come honestly by it; it was a part of his history, as was
+that of "The Pike," "Cold-Turkey Bill," "Hash-Knife Joe," and other
+classic heroes of the frontier.
+
+It is curious how certain things go to the bad in the Far West, or a
+certain proportion of them,--bad lands, bad horses, and bad men. And
+it is a degree of badness that the East has no conception of,--land
+that looks as raw and unnatural as if time had never laid its shaping
+and softening hand upon it; horses that, when mounted, put their heads
+to the ground and their heels in the air, and, squealing defiantly,
+resort to the most diabolically ingenious tricks to shake off or to
+kill their riders; and men who amuse themselves in bar-rooms by
+shooting about the feet of a "tenderfoot" to make him dance, or who
+ride along the street and shoot at every one in sight. Just as the old
+plutonic fires come to the surface out there in the Rockies, and hint
+very strongly of the infernal regions, so a kind of satanic element in
+men and animals--an underlying devilishness--crops out, and we have
+the border ruffian and the bucking broncho.
+
+The President told of an Englishman on a hunting trip in the West,
+who, being an expert horseman at home, scorned the idea that he could
+not ride any of their "grass-fed ponies." So they gave him a bucking
+broncho. He was soon lying on the ground, much stunned. When he could
+speak, he said, "I should not have minded him, you know, _but 'e 'ides
+'is 'ead_."
+
+At one place in Dakota the train stopped to take water while we were
+at lunch. A crowd soon gathered, and the President went out to greet
+them. We could hear his voice, and the cheers and laughter of the
+crowd. And then we heard him say, "Well, good-by, I must go now."
+Still he did not come. Then we heard more talking and laughing, and
+another "good-by," and yet he did not come. Then I went out to see
+what had happened. I found the President down on the ground shaking
+hands with the whole lot of them. Some one had reached up to shake his
+hand as he was about withdrawing, and this had been followed by such
+eagerness on the part of the rest of the people to do likewise, that
+the President had instantly got down to gratify them. Had the secret
+service men known it, they would have been in a pickle. We probably
+have never had a President who responded more freely and heartily to
+the popular liking for him than Roosevelt. The crowd always seem to be
+in love with him the moment they see him and hear his voice. And it is
+not by reason of any arts of eloquence, or charm of address, but by
+reason of his inborn heartiness and sincerity, and his genuine
+manliness. The people feel his quality at once. In Bermuda last winter
+I met a Catholic priest who had sat on the platform at some place in
+New England very near the President while he was speaking, and who
+said, "The man had not spoken three minutes before I loved him, and
+had any one tried to molest him, I could have torn him to pieces." It
+is the quality in the man that instantly inspires such a liking as
+this in strangers that will, I am sure, safeguard him in all public
+places.
+
+I once heard him say that he did not like to be addressed as "His
+Excellency;" he added laughingly, "They might just as well call me
+'His Transparency,' for all I care." It is this transparency, this
+direct out-and-out, unequivocal character of him that is one source of
+his popularity. The people do love transparency,--all of them but the
+politicians.
+
+A friend of his one day took him to task for some mistake he had made
+in one of his appointments. "My dear sir," replied the President,
+"where you know of one mistake I have made, I know of ten." How such
+candor must make the politicians shiver!
+
+I have said that I stood in dread of the necessity of snowshoeing in
+the Park, and, in lieu of that, of horseback riding. Yet when we
+reached Gardiner, the entrance to the Park, on that bright, crisp
+April morning, with no snow in sight save that on the mountain-tops,
+and found Major Pitcher and Captain Chittenden at the head of a squad
+of soldiers, with a fine saddle-horse for the President, and an
+ambulance drawn by two span of mules for me, I confess that I
+experienced just a slight shade of mortification. I thought they might
+have given me the option of the saddle or the ambulance. Yet I entered
+the vehicle as if it was just what I had been expecting.
+
+The President and his escort, with a cloud of cowboys hovering in the
+rear, were soon off at a lively pace, and my ambulance followed close,
+and at a lively pace, too; so lively that I soon found myself gripping
+the seat with both hands. "Well," I said to myself, "they are giving
+me a regular Western send-off;" and I thought, as the ambulance swayed
+from side to side, that it would suit me just as well if my driver did
+not try to keep up with the presidential procession. The driver and
+his mules were shut off from me by a curtain, but, looking ahead out
+of the sides of the vehicle, I saw two good-sized logs lying across
+our course. Surely, I thought (and barely had time to think), he will
+avoid these. But he did not, and as we passed over them I was nearly
+thrown through the top of the ambulance. "This _is_ a lively
+send-off," I said, rubbing my bruises with one hand, while I clung to
+the seat with the other. Presently I saw the cowboys scrambling up
+the bank as if to get out of our way; then the President on his fine
+gray stallion scrambling up the bank with his escort, and looking
+ominously in my direction, as we thundered by.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT WITH MR. BURROUGHS AND SECRETARY
+    LOEB JUST BEFORE ENTERING THE PARK.
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1906, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York.]
+
+"Well," I said, "this is indeed a novel ride; for once in my life I
+have sidetracked the President of the United States! I am given the
+right of way over all." On we tore, along the smooth, hard road, and
+did not slacken our pace till, at the end of a mile or two, we began
+to mount the hill toward Fort Yellowstone. And not till we reached the
+fort did I learn that our mules had run away. They had been excited
+beyond control by the presidential cavalcade, and the driver, finding
+he could not hold them, had aimed only to keep them in the road, and
+we very soon had the road all to ourselves.
+
+Fort Yellowstone is at Mammoth Hot Springs, where one gets his first
+view of the characteristic scenery of the Park,--huge, boiling springs
+with their columns of vapor, and the first characteristic odors which
+suggest the traditional infernal regions quite as much as the boiling
+and steaming water does. One also gets a taste of a much more rarefied
+air than he has been used to, and finds himself panting for breath on
+a very slight exertion. The Mammoth Hot Springs have built themselves
+up an enormous mound that stands there above the village on the side
+of the mountain, terraced and scalloped and fluted, and suggesting
+some vitreous formation, or rare carving of enormous, many-colored
+precious stones. It looks quite unearthly, and, though the devil's
+frying pan, and ink pot, and the Stygian caves are not far off, the
+suggestion is of something celestial rather than of the nether
+regions,--a vision of jasper walls, and of amethyst battlements.
+
+With Captain Chittenden I climbed to the top, stepping over the rills
+and creeks of steaming hot water, and looked at the marvelously clear,
+cerulean, but boiling, pools on the summit. The water seemed as
+unearthly in its beauty and purity as the gigantic sculpturing that
+held it.
+
+The Stygian caves are still farther up the mountain,--little pockets
+in the rocks, or well-holes in the ground at your feet, filled with
+deadly carbon dioxide. We saw birds' feathers and quills in all of
+them. The birds hop into them, probably in quest of food or seeking
+shelter, and they never come out. We saw the body of a martin on the
+bank of one hole. Into one we sank a lighted torch, and it was
+extinguished as quickly as if we had dropped it into water. Each cave
+or niche is a death valley on a small scale. Near by we came upon a
+steaming pool, or lakelet, of an acre or more in extent. A pair of
+mallard ducks were swimming about in one end of it,--the cool end.
+When we approached, they swam slowly over into the warmer water. As
+they progressed, the water got hotter and hotter, and the ducks'
+discomfort was evident. Presently they stopped, and turned towards us,
+half appealingly, as I thought. They could go no farther; would we
+please come no nearer? As I took another step or two, up they rose and
+disappeared over the hill. Had they gone to the extreme end of the
+pool, we could have had boiled mallard for dinner.
+
+Another novel spectacle was at night, or near sundown, when the deer
+came down from the hills into the streets and ate hay, a few yards
+from the officers' quarters, as unconcernedly as so many domestic
+sheep. This they had been doing all winter, and they kept it up till
+May, at times a score or more of them profiting thus on the
+government's bounty. When the sundown gun was fired a couple of
+hundred yards away, they gave a nervous start, but kept on with their
+feeding. The antelope and elk and mountain sheep had not yet grown
+bold enough to accept Uncle Sam's charity in that way.
+
+The President wanted all the freedom and solitude possible while in
+the Park, so all newspaper men and other strangers were excluded. Even
+the secret service men and his physician and private secretaries were
+left at Gardiner. He craved once more to be alone with nature; he was
+evidently hungry for the wild and the aboriginal,--a hunger that seems
+to come upon him regularly at least once a year, and drives him forth
+on his hunting trips for big game in the West.
+
+We spent two weeks in the Park, and had fair weather, bright, crisp
+days, and clear, freezing nights. The first week we occupied three
+camps that had been prepared, or partly prepared, for us in the
+northeast corner of the Park, in the region drained by the Gardiner
+River, where there was but little snow, and which we reached on
+horseback.
+
+The second week we visited the geyser region, which lies a thousand
+feet or more higher, and where the snow was still five or six feet
+deep. This part of the journey was made in big sleighs, each drawn by
+two span of horses.
+
+On the horseback excursion, which involved only about fifty miles of
+riding, we had a mule pack train, and Sibley tents and stoves, with
+quite a retinue of camp laborers, a lieutenant and an orderly or two,
+and a guide, Billy Hofer.
+
+The first camp was in a wild, rocky, and picturesque gorge on the
+Yellowstone, about ten miles from the fort. A slight indisposition,
+the result of luxurious living, with no wood to chop or to saw, and no
+hills to climb, as at home, prevented me from joining the party till
+the third day. Then Captain Chittenden drove me eight miles in a
+buggy. About two miles from camp we came to a picket of two or three
+soldiers, where my big bay was in waiting for me. I mounted him
+confidently, and, guided by an orderly, took the narrow, winding trail
+toward camp. Except for an hour's riding the day before with Captain
+Chittenden, I had not been on a horse's back for nearly fifty years,
+and I had not spent as much as a day in the saddle during my youth.
+That first sense of a live, spirited, powerful animal beneath you, at
+whose mercy you are,--you, a pedestrian all your days,--with gullies
+and rocks and logs to cross, and deep chasms opening close beside
+you, is not a little disturbing. But my big bay did his part well, and
+I did not lose my head or my nerve, as we cautiously made our way
+along the narrow path on the side of the steep gorge, with a foaming
+torrent rushing along at its foot, nor yet when we forded the rocky
+and rapid Yellowstone. A misstep or a stumble on the part of my steed,
+and probably the first bubble of my confidence would have been
+shivered at once; but this did not happen, and in due time we reached
+the group of tents that formed the President's camp.
+
+The situation was delightful,--no snow, scattered pine trees, a
+secluded valley, rocky heights, and the clear, ample, trouty waters of
+the Yellowstone. The President was not in camp. In the morning he had
+stated his wish to go alone into the wilderness. Major Pitcher very
+naturally did not quite like the idea, and wished to send an orderly
+with him.
+
+"No," said the President. "Put me up a lunch, and let me go alone. I
+will surely come back."
+
+And back he surely came. It was about five o'clock when he came
+briskly down the path from the east to the camp. It came out that he
+had tramped about eighteen miles through a very rough country. The day
+before, he and the major had located a band of several hundred elk on
+a broad, treeless hillside, and his purpose was to find those elk, and
+creep up on them, and eat his lunch under their very noses. And this
+he did, spending an hour or more within fifty yards of them. He came
+back looking as fresh as when he started, and at night, sitting before
+the big camp fire, related his adventure, and talked with his usual
+emphasis and copiousness of many things. He told me of the birds he
+had seen or heard; among them he had heard one that was new to him.
+From his description I told him I thought it was Townsend's solitaire,
+a bird I much wanted to see and hear. I had heard the West India
+solitaire,--one of the most impressive songsters I ever heard,--and I
+wished to compare our Western form with it.
+
+The next morning we set out for our second camp, ten or a dozen miles
+away, and in reaching it passed over much of the ground the President
+had traversed the day before. As we came to a wild, rocky place above
+a deep chasm of the river, with a few scattered pine trees, the
+President said, "It was right here that I heard that strange bird
+song." We paused a moment. "And there it is now!" he exclaimed.
+
+Sure enough, there was the solitaire singing from the top of a small
+cedar,--a bright, animated, eloquent song, but without the richness
+and magic of the song of the tropical species. We hitched our horses,
+and followed the bird up as it flew from tree to tree. The President
+was as eager to see and hear it as I was. It seemed very shy, and we
+only caught glimpses of it. In form and color it much resembles its
+West India cousin, and suggests our catbird. It ceased to sing when we
+pursued it. It is a bird found only in the wilder and higher parts of
+the Rockies. My impression was that its song did not quite merit the
+encomiums that have been pronounced upon it.
+
+At this point, I saw amid the rocks my first and only Rocky Mountain
+woodchucks, and, soon after we had resumed our journey, our first blue
+grouse,--a number of them like larger partridges. Occasionally we
+would come upon black-tailed deer, standing or lying down in the
+bushes, their large ears at attention being the first thing to catch
+the eye. They would often allow us to pass within a few rods of them
+without showing alarm. Elk horns were scattered all over this part of
+the Park, and we passed several old carcasses of dead elk that had
+probably died a natural death.
+
+In a grassy bottom at the foot of a steep hill, while the President
+and I were dismounted, and noting the pleasing picture which our pack
+train of fifteen or twenty mules made filing along the side of a steep
+grassy slope,--a picture which he has preserved in his late volume,
+"Out-Door Pastimes of an American Hunter,"--our attention was
+attracted by plaintive, musical, bird-like chirps that rose from the
+grass about us. I was almost certain it was made by a bird; the
+President was of like opinion; and we kicked about in the tufts of
+grass, hoping to flush the bird. Now here, now there, arose this
+sharp, but bird-like note. Finally, we found that it was made by a
+species of gopher, whose holes we soon discovered. What its specific
+name is I do not know, but it should be called the singing gopher.
+
+Our destination this day was a camp on Cottonwood Creek, near
+"Hell-Roaring Creek." As we made our way in the afternoon along a
+broad, open, grassy valley, I saw a horseman come galloping over the
+hill to our right, starting up a band of elk as he came; riding across
+the plain, he wheeled his horse, and, with the military salute, joined
+our party. He proved to be a government scout, called the "Duke of
+Hell Roaring,"--an educated officer from the Austrian army, who, for
+some unknown reason, had exiled himself here in this out-of-the-way
+part of the world. He was a man in his prime, of fine, military look
+and bearing. After conversing a few moments with the President and
+Major Pitcher, he rode rapidly away.
+
+Our second camp, which we reached in mid-afternoon, was in the edge of
+the woods on the banks of a fine, large trout stream, where ice and
+snow still lingered in patches. I tried for trout in the head of a
+large, partly open pool, but did not get a rise; too much ice in the
+stream, I concluded. Very soon my attention was attracted by a strange
+note, or call, in the spruce woods. The President had also noticed it,
+and, with me, wondered what made it. Was it bird or beast? Billy Hofer
+said he thought it was an owl, but the sound in no way suggested an
+owl, and the sun was shining brightly. It was a sound such as a boy
+might make by blowing in the neck of an empty bottle. Presently we
+heard it beyond us on the other side of the creek, which was pretty
+good proof that the creature had wings.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT IN THE BEAR COUNTRY
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+"Let's go run that bird down," said the President to me.
+
+So off we started across a small, open, snow-streaked plain, toward
+the woods beyond it. We soon decided that the bird was on the top of
+one of a group of tall spruces. After much skipping about over logs
+and rocks, and much craning of our necks, we made him out on the peak
+of a spruce. I imitated his call, when he turned his head down toward
+us, but we could not make out what he was.
+
+"Why did we not think to bring the glasses?" said the President.
+
+"I will run and get them," I replied.
+
+"No," said he, "you stay here and keep that bird treed, and I will
+fetch them."
+
+So off he went like a boy, and was very soon back with the glasses. We
+quickly made out that it was indeed an owl,--the pigmy owl, as it
+turned out,--not much larger than a bluebird. I think the President
+was as pleased as if we had bagged some big game. He had never seen
+the bird before.
+
+Throughout the trip I found his interest in bird life very keen, and
+his eye and ear remarkably quick. He usually saw the bird or heard its
+note as quickly as I did,--and I had nothing else to think about, and
+had been teaching my eye and ear the trick of it for over fifty years.
+Of course, his training as a big-game hunter stood him in good stead,
+but back of that were his naturalist's instincts, and his genuine love
+of all forms of wild life.
+
+I have been told that his ambition up to the time he went to Harvard
+had been to be a naturalist, but that there they seem to have
+convinced him that all the out-of-door worlds of natural history had
+been conquered, and that the only worlds remaining were in the
+laboratory, and to be won with the microscope and the scalpel. But
+Roosevelt was a man made for action in a wide field, and laboratory
+conquests could not satisfy him. His instincts as a naturalist,
+however, lie back of all his hunting expeditions, and, in a large
+measure, I think, prompt them. Certain it is that his hunting
+records contain more live natural history than any similar records
+known to me, unless it be those of Charles St. John, the Scotch
+naturalist-sportsman.
+
+The Canada jays, or camp-robbers, as they are often called, soon found
+out our camp that afternoon, and no sooner had the cook begun to throw
+out peelings and scraps and crusts than the jays began to carry them
+off, not to eat, as I observed, but to hide them in the thicker
+branches of the spruce trees. How tame they were, coming within three
+or four yards of one! Why this species of jay should everywhere be so
+familiar, and all other kinds so wild, is a puzzle.
+
+In the morning, as we rode down the valley toward our next
+camping-place, at Tower Falls, a band of elk containing a hundred or
+more started along the side of the hill a few hundred yards away. I
+was some distance behind the rest of the party, as usual, when I saw
+the President wheel his horse off to the left, and, beckoning to me to
+follow, start at a tearing pace on the trail of the fleeing elk. He
+afterwards told me that he wanted me to get a good view of those elk
+at close range, and he was afraid that if he sent the major or Hofer
+to lead me, I would not get it. I hurried along as fast as I could,
+which was not fast; the way was rough,--logs, rocks, spring runs, and
+a tenderfoot rider.
+
+Now and then the President, looking back and seeing what slow progress
+I was making, would beckon to me impatiently, and I could fancy him
+saying, "If I had a rope around him, he would come faster than that!"
+Once or twice I lost sight of both him and the elk; the altitude was
+great, and the horse was laboring like a steam engine on an upgrade.
+Still I urged him on. Presently, as I broke over a hill, I saw the
+President pressing the elk up the opposite slope. At the brow of the
+hill he stopped, and I soon joined him. There on the top, not fifty
+yards away, stood the elk in a mass, their heads toward us and their
+tongues hanging out. They could run no farther. The President laughed
+like a boy. The spectacle meant much more to him than it did to me. I
+had never seen a wild elk till on this trip, but they had been among
+the notable game that he had hunted. He had traveled hundreds of
+miles, and undergone great hardships, to get within rifle range of
+these creatures. Now here stood scores of them with lolling tongues,
+begging for mercy.
+
+After gazing at them to our hearts' content, we turned away to look up
+our companions, who were nowhere within sight. We finally spied them a
+mile or more away, and, joining them, all made our way to an elevated
+plateau that commanded an open landscape three or four miles across.
+It was high noon, and the sun shone clear and warm. From this lookout
+we saw herds upon herds of elk scattered over the slopes and gentle
+valleys in front of us. Some were grazing, some were standing or lying
+upon the ground, or upon the patches of snow. Through our glasses we
+counted the separate bands, and then the numbers of some of the bands
+or groups, and estimated that three thousand elk were in full view in
+the landscape around us. It was a notable spectacle. Afterward, in
+Montana, I attended a council of Indian chiefs at one of the Indian
+agencies, and told them, through their interpreter, that I had been
+with the Great Chief in the Park, and of the game we had seen. When I
+told them of these three thousand elk all in view at once, they
+grunted loudly, whether with satisfaction or with incredulity, I could
+not tell.
+
+In the midst of this great game amphitheatre we dismounted and enjoyed
+the prospect. And the President did an unusual thing, he loafed for
+nearly an hour,--stretched himself out in the sunshine upon a flat
+rock, as did the rest of us, and, I hope, got a few winks of sleep. I
+am sure I did. Little, slender, striped chipmunks, about half the size
+of ours, were scurrying about; but I recall no other wild things save
+the elk.
+
+From here we rode down the valley to our third camp, at Tower Falls,
+stopping on the way to eat our luncheon on a washed boulder beside a
+creek. On this ride I saw my first and only badger; he stuck his
+striped head out of his hole in the ground only a few yards away from
+us as we passed.
+
+Our camp at Tower Falls was amid the spruces above a canyon of the
+Yellowstone, five or six hundred feet deep. It was a beautiful and
+impressive situation,--shelter, snugness, even cosiness, looking over
+the brink of the awful and the terrifying. With a run and a jump I
+think one might have landed in the river at the bottom of the great
+abyss, and in doing so might have scaled one of those natural obelisks
+or needles of rock that stand up out of the depths two or three
+hundred feet high. Nature shows you what an enormous furrow her plough
+can open through the strata when moving horizontally, at the same time
+that she shows you what delicate and graceful columns her slower and
+gentler aerial forces can carve out of the piled strata. At the Falls
+there were two or three of these columns, like the picket-pins of the
+elder gods.
+
+Across the canyon in front of our camp, upon a grassy plateau which was
+faced by a wall of trap rock, apparently thirty or forty feet high, a
+band of mountain sheep soon attracted our attention. They were within
+long rifle range, but were not at all disturbed by our presence, nor
+had they been disturbed by the road-builders who, under Captain
+Chittenden, were constructing a government road along the brink of the
+canyon. We speculated as to whether or not the sheep could get down the
+almost perpendicular face of the chasm to the river to drink. It
+seemed to me impossible. Would they try it while we were there to see?
+We all hoped so; and sure enough, late in the afternoon the word came
+to our tents that the sheep were coming down. The President, with coat
+off and a towel around his neck, was shaving. One side of his face was
+half shaved, and the other side lathered. Hofer and I started for a
+point on the brink of the canyon where we could have a better view.
+
+"By Jove," said the President, "I must see that. The shaving can wait,
+and the sheep won't."
+
+So on he came, accoutred as he was,--coatless, hatless, but not
+latherless, nor towelless. Like the rest of us, his only thought was
+to see those sheep do their "stunt." With glasses in hand, we watched
+them descend those perilous heights, leaping from point to point,
+finding a foothold where none appeared to our eyes, loosening
+fragments of the crumbling rocks as they came, now poised upon some
+narrow shelf and preparing for the next leap, zig-zagging or plunging
+straight down till the bottom was reached, and not one accident or
+misstep amid all that insecure footing. I think the President was the
+most pleased of us all; he laughed with the delight of it, and quite
+forgot his need of a hat and coat till I sent for them.
+
+In the night we heard the sheep going back; we could tell by the noise
+of the falling stones. In the morning I confidently expected to see
+some of them lying dead at the foot of the cliffs, but there they all
+were at the top once more, apparently safe and sound. They do,
+however, occasionally meet with accidents in their perilous climbing,
+and their dead bodies have been found at the foot of the rocks.
+Doubtless some point of rock to which they had trusted gave way, and
+crushed them in the descent, or fell upon those in the lead.
+
+The next day, while the rest of us went fishing for trout in the
+Yellowstone, three or four miles above the camp, over the roughest
+trail that we had yet traversed on horseback, the President, who never
+fishes unless put to it for meat, went off alone again with his lunch
+in his pocket, to stalk those sheep as he had stalked the elk, and to
+feel the old sportsman's thrill without the use of firearms. To do
+this involved a tramp of eight or ten miles down the river to a bridge
+and up the opposite bank. This he did, and ate his lunch near the
+sheep, and was back in camp before we were.
+
+We took some large cut-throat trout, as they are called, from the
+yellow mark across their throats, and I saw at short range a
+black-tailed deer bounding along in that curious, stiff-legged,
+mechanical, yet springy manner, apparently all four legs in the air at
+once, and all four feet reaching the ground at once, affording a very
+singular spectacle.
+
+    [Illustration: MR. BURROUGHS'S FAVORITE PASTIME.
+
+    By kind permission of Forest and Stream.]
+
+We spent two nights in our Tower Falls camp, and on the morning of the
+third day set out on our return to Fort Yellowstone, pausing at
+Yancey's on our way, and exchanging greetings with the old
+frontiersman, who died a few weeks later.
+
+While in camp we always had a big fire at night in the open near the
+tents, and around this we sat upon logs or camp-stools, and listened
+to the President's talk. What a stream of it he poured forth! and what
+a varied and picturesque stream!--anecdote, history, science,
+politics, adventure, literature; bits of his experience as a ranchman,
+hunter, Rough Rider, legislator, civil service commissioner, police
+commissioner, governor, president,--the frankest confessions, the most
+telling criticisms, happy characterizations of prominent political
+leaders, or foreign rulers, or members of his own Cabinet; always
+surprising by his candor, astonishing by his memory, and diverting by
+his humor. His reading has been very wide, and he has that rare type
+of memory which retains details as well as mass and generalities. One
+night something started him off on ancient history, and one would have
+thought he was just fresh from his college course in history, the
+dates and names and events came so readily. Another time he discussed
+palaeontology, and rapidly gave the outlines of the science, and the
+main facts, as if he had been reading up on the subject that very day.
+He sees things as wholes, and hence the relation of the parts comes
+easy to him.
+
+At dinner, at the White House, the night before we started on the
+expedition, I heard him talking with a guest,--an officer of the
+British army, who was just back from India. And the extent and variety
+of his information about India and Indian history and the relations of
+the British government to it were extraordinary. It put the British
+major on his mettle to keep pace with him.
+
+One night in camp he told us the story of one of his Rough Riders who
+had just written him from some place in Arizona. The Rough Riders,
+wherever they are now, look to him in time of trouble. This one had
+come to grief in Arizona. He was in jail. So he wrote the President,
+and his letter ran something like this:--
+
+     "DEAR COLONEL,--I am in trouble. I shot a lady in the eye,
+     but I did not intend to hit the lady; I was shooting at my
+     wife."
+
+And the presidential laughter rang out over the tree-tops. To another
+Rough Rider, who was in jail, accused of horse stealing, he had loaned
+two hundred dollars to pay counsel on his trial, and, to his surprise,
+in due time the money came back. The ex-Rough wrote that his trial
+never came off. "_We elected our district attorney_;" and the laughter
+again sounded, and drowned the noise of the brook near by.
+
+On another occasion we asked the President if he was ever molested by
+any of the "bad men" of the frontier, with whom he had often come in
+contact. "Only once," he said. The cowboys had always treated him with
+the utmost courtesy, both on the round-up and in camp; "and the few
+real desperadoes I have seen were also perfectly polite." Once only
+was he maliciously shot at, and then not by a cowboy nor a _bona fide_
+"bad man," but by a "broad-hatted ruffian of a cheap and common-place
+type." He had been compelled to pass the night at a little frontier
+hotel where the bar-room occupied the whole lower floor, and was, in
+consequence, the only place where the guests of the hotel, whether
+drunk or sober, could sit. As he entered the room, he saw that every
+man there was being terrorized by a half-drunken ruffian who stood in
+the middle of the floor with a revolver in each hand, compelling
+different ones to treat.
+
+"I went and sat down behind the stove," said the President, "as far
+from him as I could get; and hoped to escape his notice. The fact that
+I wore glasses, together with my evident desire to avoid a fight,
+apparently gave him the impression that I could be imposed upon with
+impunity. He very soon approached me, flourishing his two guns, and
+ordered me to treat. I made no reply for some moments, when the fellow
+became so threatening that I saw something had to be done. The crowd,
+mostly sheep-herders and small grangers, sat or stood back against the
+wall, afraid to move. I was unarmed, and thought rapidly. Saying,
+'Well, if I must, I must,' I got up as if to walk around him to the
+bar, then, as I got opposite him, I wheeled and fetched him as heavy a
+blow on the chin-point as I could strike. He went down like a steer
+before the axe, firing both guns into the ceiling as he went. I jumped
+on him, and, with my knees on his chest, disarmed him in a hurry. The
+crowd was then ready enough to help me, and we hog-tied him and put
+him in an outhouse." The President alludes to this incident in his
+"Ranch Life," but does not give the details. It brings out his mettle
+very distinctly.
+
+He told us in an amused way of the attempts of his political opponents
+at Albany, during his early career as a member of the Assembly, to
+besmirch his character. His outspoken criticisms and denunciations had
+become intolerable to them, so they laid a trap for him, but he was
+not caught. His innate rectitude and instinct for the right course
+saved him, as it has saved him many times since. I do not think that
+in any emergency he has to debate with himself long as to the right
+course to be pursued; he divines it by a kind of infallible instinct.
+His motives are so simple and direct that he finds a straight and easy
+course where another man, whose eye is less single, would flounder and
+hesitate.
+
+One night he entertained us with reminiscences of the Cuban War, of
+his efforts to get his men to the firing line when the fighting began,
+of his greenness and general ignorance of the whole business of war,
+which in his telling was very amusing. He has probably put it all in
+his book about the war, a work I have not yet read. He described the
+look of the slope of Kettle Hill when they were about to charge up it,
+how the grass was combed and rippled by the storm of rifle bullets
+that swept down it. He said, "I was conscious of being pale when I
+looked at it and knew that in a few moments we were going to charge
+there." The men of his regiment were all lying flat upon the ground,
+and it became his duty to walk along their front and encourage them
+and order them up on their feet. "Get up, men, get up!" One big fellow
+did not rise. Roosevelt stooped down and took hold of him and ordered
+him up. Just at that moment a bullet struck the man and went the
+entire length of him. He never rose.
+
+On this or on another occasion when a charge was ordered, he found
+himself a hundred yards or more in advance of his regiment, with only
+the color bearer and one corporal with him. He said they planted the
+flag there, while he rushed back to fetch the men. He was evidently
+pretty hot. "Can it be that you flinched when I led the way!" and then
+they came with a rush. On the summit of Kettle Hill he was again in
+advance of his men, and as he came up, three Spaniards rose out of the
+trenches and deliberately fired at him at a distance of only a few
+paces, and then turned and fled. But a bullet from his revolver
+stopped one of them. He seems to have been as much exposed to bullets
+in this engagement as Washington was at Braddock's defeat, and to have
+escaped in the same marvelous manner.
+
+The President unites in himself powers and qualities that rarely go
+together. Thus, he has both physical and moral courage in a degree
+rare in history. He can stand calm and unflinching in the path of a
+charging grizzly, and he can confront with equal coolness and
+determination the predaceous corporations and money powers of the
+country.
+
+He unites the qualities of the man of action with those of the scholar
+and writer,--another very rare combination. He unites the instincts
+and accomplishments of the best breeding and culture with the broadest
+democratic sympathies and affiliations. He is as happy with a
+frontiersman like Seth Bullock as with a fellow Harvard man, and Seth
+Bullock is happy, too.
+
+He unites great austerity with great good nature. He unites great
+sensibility with great force and will power. He loves solitude, and he
+loves to be in the thick of the fight. His love of nature is equaled
+only by his love of the ways and marts of men.
+
+He is doubtless the most vital man on the continent, if not on the
+planet, to-day. He is many-sided, and every side throbs with his
+tremendous life and energy; the pressure is equal all around. His
+interests are as keen in natural history as in economics, in
+literature as in statecraft, in the young poet as in the old soldier,
+in preserving peace as in preparing for war. And he can turn all his
+great power into the new channel on the instant. His interest in the
+whole of life, and in the whole life of the nation, never flags for a
+moment. His activity is tireless. All the relaxation he needs or
+craves is a change of work. He is like the farmer's fields, that only
+need a rotation of crops. I once heard him say that all he cared about
+being President was just "the big work."
+
+During this tour through the West, lasting over two months, he made
+nearly three hundred speeches; and yet on his return Mrs. Roosevelt
+told me he looked as fresh and unworn as when he left home.
+
+We went up into the big geyser region with the big sleighs, each drawn
+by four horses. A big snow-bank had to be shoveled through for us
+before we got to the Golden Gate, two miles above Mammoth Hot
+Springs. Beyond that we were at an altitude of about eight thousand
+feet, on a fairly level course that led now through woods, and now
+through open country, with the snow of a uniform depth of four or five
+feet, except as we neared the "formations," where the subterranean
+warmth kept the ground bare. The roads had been broken and the snow
+packed for us by teams from the fort, otherwise the journey would have
+been impossible.
+
+The President always rode beside the driver. From his youth, he said,
+this seat had always been the most desirable one to him. When the
+sleigh would strike the bare ground, and begin to drag heavily, he
+would bound out nimbly and take to his heels, and then all three of
+us--Major Pitcher, Mr. Childs, and myself--would follow suit,
+sometimes reluctantly on my part. Walking at that altitude is no fun,
+especially if you try to keep pace with such a walker as the President
+is. But he could not sit at his ease and let those horses drag him in
+a sleigh over bare ground. When snow was reached, we would again
+quickly resume our seats.
+
+As one nears the geyser region, he gets the impression from the
+columns of steam going up here and there in the distance--now from
+behind a piece of woods, now from out a hidden valley--that he is
+approaching a manufacturing centre, or a railroad terminus. And when
+he begins to hear the hoarse snoring of "Roaring Mountain," the
+illusion is still more complete. At Norris's there is a big vent where
+the steam comes tearing out of a recent hole in the ground with
+terrific force. Huge mounds of ice had formed from the congealed vapor
+all around it, some of them very striking.
+
+The novelty of the geyser region soon wears off. Steam and hot water
+are steam and hot water the world over, and the exhibition of them
+here did not differ, except in volume, from what one sees by his own
+fireside. The "Growler" is only a boiling tea-kettle on a large scale,
+and "Old Faithful" is as if the lid were to fly off, and the whole
+contents of the kettle should be thrown high into the air. To be sure,
+boiling lakes and steaming rivers are not common, but the new features
+seemed, somehow, out of place, and as if nature had made a mistake.
+One disliked to see so much good steam and hot water going to waste;
+whole towns might be warmed by them, and big wheels made to go round.
+I wondered that they had not piped them into the big hotels which they
+opened for us, and which were warmed by wood fires.
+
+    [Illustration: SUNRISE IN YELLOWSTONE PARK.
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1904, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York.]
+
+At Norris's the big room that the President and I occupied was on the
+ground floor, and was heated by a huge box stove. As we entered it to
+go to bed, the President said, "Oom John, don't you think it is too
+hot here?"
+
+"I certainly do," I replied.
+
+"Shall I open the window?"
+
+"That will just suit me." And he threw the sash, which came down to
+the floor, all the way up, making an opening like a doorway. The night
+was cold, but neither of us suffered from the abundance of fresh air.
+
+The caretaker of the building was a big Swede called Andy. In the
+morning Andy said that beat him: "There was the President of the
+United States sleeping in that room, with the window open to the
+floor, and not so much as one soldier outside on guard."
+
+The President had counted much on seeing the bears that in summer
+board at the Fountain Hotel, but they were not yet out of their dens.
+We saw the track of only one, and he was not making for the hotel. At
+all the formations where the geysers are, the ground was bare over a
+large area. I even saw a wild flower--an early buttercup, not an inch
+high--in bloom. This seems to be the earliest wild flower in the
+Rockies. It is the only fragrant buttercup I know.
+
+As we were riding along in our big sleigh toward the Fountain Hotel,
+the President suddenly jumped out, and, with his soft hat as a shield
+to his hand, captured a mouse that was running along over the ground
+near us. He wanted it for Dr. Merriam, on the chance that it might be
+a new species. While we all went fishing in the afternoon, the
+President skinned his mouse, and prepared the pelt to be sent to
+Washington. It was done as neatly as a professed taxidermist would
+have done it. This was the only game the President killed in the
+Park. In relating the incident to a reporter while I was in Spokane,
+the thought occurred to me, Suppose he changes that _u_ to an _o_, and
+makes the President capture a moose, what a pickle I shall be in! Is
+it anything more than ordinary newspaper enterprise to turn a mouse
+into a moose? But, luckily for me, no such metamorphosis happened to
+that little mouse. It turned out not to be a new species, as it should
+have been, but a species new to the Park.
+
+I caught trout that afternoon, on the edge of steaming pools in the
+Madison River that seemed to my hand almost blood-warm. I suppose they
+found better feeding where the water was warm. On the table they did
+not compare with our Eastern brook trout.
+
+I was pleased to be told at one of the hotels that they had kalsomined
+some of the rooms with material from one of the devil's paint-pots.
+It imparted a soft, delicate, pinkish tint, not at all suggestive of
+things satanic.
+
+One afternoon at Norris's, the President and I took a walk to observe
+the birds. In the grove about the barns there was a great number, the
+most attractive to me being the mountain bluebird. These birds we saw
+in all parts of the Park, and at Norris's there was an unusual number
+of them. How blue they were,--breast and all! In voice and manner they
+were almost identical with our bluebird. The Western purple finch was
+abundant here also, and juncos, and several kinds of sparrows, with an
+occasional Western robin. A pair of wild geese were feeding in the
+low, marshy ground not over one hundred yards from us, but when we
+tried to approach nearer they took wing. A few geese and ducks seem to
+winter in the Park.
+
+The second morning at Norris's one of our teamsters, George Marvin,
+suddenly dropped dead from some heart affection, just as he had
+finished caring for his team. It was a great shock to us all. I never
+saw a better man with a team than he was. I had ridden on the seat
+beside him all the day previous. On one of the "formations" our teams
+had got mired in the soft, putty-like mud, and at one time it looked
+as if they could never extricate themselves, and I doubt if they could
+have, had it not been for the skill with which Marvin managed them. We
+started for the Grand Canyon up the Yellowstone that morning, and, in
+order to give myself a walk over the crisp snow in the clear, frosty
+air, I set out a little while in advance of the teams. As I did so, I
+saw the President, accompanied by one of the teamsters, walking
+hurriedly toward the barn to pay his last respects to the body of
+Marvin. After we had returned to Mammoth Hot Springs, he made
+inquiries for the young woman to whom he had been told that Marvin was
+engaged to be married. He looked her up, and sat a long time with her
+in her home, offering his sympathy, and speaking words of consolation.
+The act shows the depth and breadth of his humanity.
+
+At the Canyon Hotel the snow was very deep, and had become so soft from
+the warmth of the earth beneath, as well as from the sun above, that
+we could only reach the brink of the Canyon on skis. The President and
+Major Pitcher had used skis before, but I had not, and, starting out
+without the customary pole, I soon came to grief. The snow gave way
+beneath me, and I was soon in an awkward predicament. The more I
+struggled, the lower my head and shoulders went, till only my heels,
+strapped to those long timbers, protruded above the snow. To reverse
+my position was impossible till some one came and reached me the end
+of a pole, and pulled me upright. But I very soon got the hang of the
+things, and the President and I quickly left the superintendent
+behind. I think I could have passed the President, but my manners
+forbade. He was heavier than I was, and broke in more. When one of his
+feet would go down half a yard or more, I noted with admiration the
+skilled diplomacy he displayed in extricating it. The tendency of my
+skis was all the time to diverge, and each to go off at an acute angle
+to my main course, and I had constantly to be on the alert to check
+this tendency.
+
+Paths had been shoveled for us along the brink of the Canyon, so that
+we got the usual views from the different points. The Canyon was nearly
+free from snow, and was a grand spectacle, by far the grandest to be
+seen in the Park. The President told us that once, when pressed for
+meat, while returning through here from one of his hunting trips, he
+had made his way down to the river that we saw rushing along beneath
+us, and had caught some trout for dinner. Necessity alone could induce
+him to fish.
+
+Across the head of the Falls there was a bridge of snow and ice, upon
+which we were told that the coyotes passed. As the season progressed,
+there would come a day when the bridge would not be safe. It would be
+interesting to know if the coyotes knew when this time arrived.
+
+The only live thing we saw in the Canyon was an osprey perched upon a
+rock opposite us.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT ON A TRAIL
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1905, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+Near the falls of the Yellowstone, as at other places we had visited,
+a squad of soldiers had their winter quarters. The President called on
+them, as he had called upon the others, looked over the books they had
+to read, examined their housekeeping arrangements, and conversed
+freely with them.
+
+In front of the hotel were some low hills separated by gentle valleys.
+At the President's suggestion, he and I raced on our skis down those
+inclines. We had only to stand up straight, and let gravity do the
+rest. As we were going swiftly down the side of one of the hills, I
+saw out of the corner of my eye the President taking a header into the
+snow. The snow had given way beneath him, and nothing could save him
+from taking the plunge. I don't know whether I called out, or only
+thought, something about the downfall of the administration. At any
+rate, the administration was down, and pretty well buried, but it was
+quickly on its feet again, shaking off the snow with a boy's
+laughter. I kept straight on, and very soon the laugh was on me, for
+the treacherous snow sank beneath me, and I took a header, too.
+
+"Who is laughing now, Oom John?" called out the President.
+
+The spirit of the boy was in the air that day about the Canyon of the
+Yellowstone, and the biggest boy of us all was President Roosevelt.
+
+The snow was getting so soft in the middle of the day that our return
+to the Mammoth Hot Springs could no longer be delayed. Accordingly, we
+were up in the morning, and ready to start on the home journey, a
+distance of twenty miles, by four o'clock. The snow bore up the horses
+well till mid-forenoon, when it began to give way beneath them. But by
+very careful management we pulled through without serious delay, and
+were back again at the house of Major Pitcher in time for luncheon,
+being the only outsiders who had ever made the tour of the Park so
+early in the season.
+
+A few days later I bade good-by to the President, who went on his way
+to California, while I made a loop of travel to Spokane, and around
+through Idaho and Montana, and had glimpses of the great, optimistic,
+sunshiny West that I shall not soon forget.
+
+
+
+
+PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A NATURE-LOVER AND OBSERVER
+
+
+
+
+PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A NATURE-LOVER AND OBSERVER
+
+
+Our many-sided President has a side to his nature of which the public
+has heard but little, and which, in view of his recent criticism of
+what he calls the nature fakirs, is of especial interest and
+importance. I refer to his keenness and enthusiasm as a student of
+animal life, and his extraordinary powers of observation. The charge
+recently made against him that he is only a sportsman and has only a
+sportsman's interest in nature is very wide of the mark. Why, I cannot
+now recall that I have ever met a man with a keener and more
+comprehensive interest in the wild life about us--an interest that is
+at once scientific and thoroughly human. And by human I do not mean
+anything akin to the sentimentalism that sicklies o'er so much of our
+more recent natural history writing, and that inspires the founding of
+hospitals for sick cats; but I mean his robust, manly love for all
+open-air life, and his sympathetic insight into it. When I first read
+his "Wilderness Hunter," many years ago, I was impressed by his rare
+combination of the sportsman and the naturalist. When I accompanied
+him on his trip to the Yellowstone Park in April, 1903, I got a fresh
+impression of the extent of his natural history knowledge and of his
+trained powers of observation. Nothing escaped him, from bears to
+mice, from wild geese to chickadees, from elk to red squirrels; he
+took it all in, and he took it in as only an alert, vigorous mind can
+take it in. On that occasion I was able to help him identify only one
+new bird, as I have related in the foregoing chapter. All the other
+birds he recognized as quickly as I did.
+
+During a recent half-day spent with the President at Sagamore Hill I
+got a still more vivid impression of his keenness and quickness in all
+natural history matters. The one passion of his life seemed natural
+history, and the appearance of a new warbler in his woods--new in the
+breeding season on Long Island--seemed an event that threw the affairs
+of state and of the presidential succession quite into the background.
+Indeed, he fairly bubbled over with delight at the thought of his new
+birds and at the prospect of showing them to his visitors. He said to
+my friend who accompanied me, John Lewis Childs, of Floral Park, a
+former State Senator, that he could not talk politics then, he wanted
+to talk and to hunt birds. And it was not long before he was as hot
+on the trail of that new warbler as he had recently been on the trail
+of some of the great trusts. Fancy a President of the United States
+stalking rapidly across bushy fields to the woods, eager as a boy and
+filled with the one idea of showing to his visitors the black-throated
+green warbler! We were presently in the edge of the woods and standing
+under a locust tree, where the President had several times seen and
+heard his rare visitant. "That's his note now," he said, and we all
+three recognized it at the same instant. It came from across a little
+valley fifty yards farther in the woods. We were soon standing under
+the tree in which the bird was singing, and presently had our glasses
+upon him.
+
+    [Illustration: THE PRESIDENT'S HOME ON SAGAMORE HILL, SHOWING
+    ADDITION KNOWN AS THE TROPHY ROOM
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+"There is no mistake about it, Mr. President," we both said; "it is
+surely the black-throated green," and he laughed in glee. "I knew it
+could be no other; there is no mistaking that song and those markings.
+'Trees, trees, murmuring trees!' some one reports him as saying. Now
+if we could only find the nest;" but we did not, though it was
+doubtless not far off.
+
+Our warblers, both in color and in song, are bewildering even to the
+experienced ornithologist, but the President had mastered most of
+them. Not long before he had written me from Washington that he had
+just come in from walking with Mrs. Roosevelt about the White House
+grounds looking up arriving warblers. "Most of the warblers were up in
+the tops of the trees, and I could not get a good glimpse of them; but
+there was one with chestnut cheeks, with bright yellow behind the
+cheeks, and a yellow breast thickly streaked with black, which has
+puzzled me. Doubtless it is a very common kind which has for the
+moment slipped my memory. I saw the Blackburnian, the summer
+yellowbird, and the black-throated green." The next day he wrote me
+that he had identified the puzzling warbler; it was the Cape May.
+There is a tradition among newspaper men in Washington that a Cape May
+warbler once broke up a Cabinet meeting; maybe this was that identical
+bird.
+
+At luncheon he told us of some of his ornithological excursions in the
+White House grounds, how people would stare at him as he stood gazing
+up into the trees like one demented. "No doubt they thought me
+insane." "Yes," said Mrs. Roosevelt, "and as I was always with him,
+they no doubt thought I was the nurse that had him in charge."
+
+In his "Pastimes of an American Hunter" he tells of the owls that in
+June sometimes came after nightfall about the White House. "Sometimes
+they flew noiselessly to and fro, and seemingly caught big insects on
+the wing. At other times they would perch on the iron awning bars
+directly overhead. Once one of them perched over one of the windows
+and sat motionless, looking exactly like an owl of Pallas Athene."
+
+He knew the vireos also, and had seen and heard the white-eyed at his
+Virginia place, "Pine Knot," and he described its peculiar, emphatic
+song. As I moved along with the thought of this bird in mind and its
+snappy, incisive song, as I used to hear it in the old days near
+Washington, I fancied I caught its note in a dense bushy place below
+us. We paused to listen. "A catbird," said the President, and so we
+all agreed. We saw and heard a chewink. "Out West the chewink calls
+like a catbird," he observed. Continuing our walk, we skirted the edge
+of an orchard. Here the President called our attention to a
+high-hole's nest in a cavity of an old apple tree. He rapped on the
+trunk of the tree that we might hear the smothered cry for food of the
+young inside. A few days before he had found one of the half-fledged
+young on the ground under the tree, and had managed to reach up and
+drop it back into the nest. "What a boiling there was in there," he
+said, "when the youngster dropped in!"
+
+A cuckoo called in a tree overhead, the first I had heard this season.
+I feared the cold spring had cut them off. "The yellow-billed,
+undoubtedly," the President observed, and was confirmed by Mr. Childs.
+I was not certain that I knew the call of the yellow-billed from that
+of the black-billed. "We have them both," said the President, "but the
+yellow-billed is the more common."
+
+We continued our walk along a path that led down through a most
+delightful wood to the bay. Everywhere the marks of the President's
+axe were visible, as he had with his own hand thinned out and cleared
+up a large section of the wood.
+
+A few days previous he had seen some birds in a group of tulip-trees
+near the edge of the woods facing the water; he thought they were
+rose-breasted grosbeaks, but could not quite make them out. He had
+hoped to find them there now, and we looked and listened for some
+moments, but no birds appeared.
+
+Then he led us to a little pond in the midst of the forest where the
+night heron sometimes nested. A pair of them had nested there in a big
+water maple the year before, but the crows had broken them up. As we
+reached the spot the cry of the heron was heard over the tree-tops.
+"That is its alarm note," said the President. I remarked that it was
+much like the cry of the little green heron. "Yes, it is, but if we
+wait here till the heron returns, and we are not discovered, you would
+hear his other more characteristic call, a hoarse quawk."
+
+Presently we moved on along another path through the woods toward the
+house. A large, wide-spreading oak attracted my attention--a superb
+tree.
+
+"You see by the branching of that oak," said the President, "that when
+it grew up this wood was an open field and maybe under the plough; it
+is only in fields that oaks take that form." I knew it was true, but
+my mind did not take in the fact when I first saw the tree. His mind
+acts with wonderful swiftness and completeness, as I had abundant
+proof that day.
+
+    [Illustration: A BIT OF WOODLAND ON THE SLOPE TOWARDS OYSTER
+    BAY
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+As we walked along we discussed many questions, all bearing directly
+or indirectly upon natural history. The conversation was perpetually
+interrupted by some bird-note in the trees about us which we would
+pause to identify--the President's ear, I thought, being the most
+alert of the three. Continuing the talk, he dwelt upon the inaccuracy
+of most persons' seeing, and upon the unreliability as natural history
+of most of the stories told by guides and hunters. Sometimes writers
+of repute were to be read with caution. He mentioned that excellent
+hunting book of Colonel Dodge's, in which are described two species of
+the puma, one in the West called the "mountain lion," very fierce and
+dangerous; the other called in the East the "panther,"--a harmless and
+cowardly animal. "Both the same species," said the President, "and
+almost identical in disposition."
+
+Nothing is harder than to convince a person that he has seen wrongly.
+The other day a doctor accosted me in the street of one of our inland
+towns to tell me of a strange bird he had seen; the bird was
+blood-red all over and was in some low bushes by the roadside. Of
+course I thought of our scarlet tanager, which was then just arriving.
+No, he knew that bird with black wings and tail; this bird had no
+black upon it, but every quill and feather was vivid scarlet. The
+doctor was very positive, so I had to tell him we had no such bird in
+our state. There was the summer redbird common in the Southern States,
+but this place is much beyond its northern limit, and, besides, this
+bird is not scarlet, but is of a dull red. Of course he had seen a
+tanager, but in the shade of the bushes the black of the wings and
+tail had escaped him.
+
+This was simply a case of mis-seeing in an educated man; but in the
+untrained minds of trappers and woodsmen generally there is an element
+of the superstitious, and a love for the marvelous, which often
+prevents them from seeing the wild life about them just as it is. They
+possess the mythopoeic faculty, and they unconsciously give play to
+it.
+
+Thus our talk wandered as we wandered along the woods and field paths.
+The President brought us back by the corner of a clover meadow where
+he was sure a pair of red-shouldered starlings had a nest. He knew it
+was an unlikely place for starlings to nest, as they breed in marshes
+and along streams and in the low bushes on lake borders, but this pair
+had always shown great uneasiness when he had approached this plot of
+tall clover. As we drew near, the male starling appeared and uttered
+his alarm note. The President struck out to look for the nest, and for
+a time the Administration was indeed in clover, with the alarmed
+black-bird circling above it and showing great agitation. For my
+part, I hesitated on the edge of the clover patch, having a farmer's
+dread of seeing fine grass trampled down. I suggested to the President
+that he was injuring his hay crop; that the nest was undoubtedly there
+or near there; so he came out of the tall grass, and, after looking
+into the old tumbled-down barn--a regular early settler's barn, with
+huge timbers hewn from forest trees--that stood near by, and which the
+President said he preserved for its picturesqueness and its savor of
+old times, as well as for a place to romp in with his dogs and
+children, we made our way to the house.
+
+The purple finch nested in the trees about the house, and the
+President was greatly pleased that he was able to show us this bird
+also.
+
+    [Illustration: A PATH IN THE WOODS LEADING TO COLD SPRING
+    HARBOR
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+A few days previous to our visit the children had found a bird's nest
+on the ground, in the grass, a few yards below the front of the house.
+There were young birds in it, and as the President had seen the
+grasshopper sparrow about there, he concluded the nest belonged to it.
+We went down to investigate it, and found the young gone and two
+addled eggs in the nest. When the President saw those eggs, he said:
+"That is not the nest of the grasshopper sparrow, after all; those are
+the eggs of the song sparrow, though the nest is more like that of the
+vesper sparrow. The eggs of the grasshopper sparrow are much lighter
+in color--almost white, with brown specks." For my part, I had quite
+forgotten for the moment how the eggs of the little sparrow looked or
+differed in color from those of the song sparrow. But the President
+has so little to remember that he forgets none of these minor things!
+His bird-lore and wood-lore seem as fresh as if just learned.
+
+I asked him if he ever heard that rare piece of bird music, the flight
+song of the oven-bird. "Yes," he replied, "we frequently hear it of an
+evening, while we are sitting on the porch, right down there at the
+corner of the woods." Now, this flight song of the oven-bird was
+unknown to the older ornithologists, and Thoreau, with all his years
+of patient and tireless watching of birds and plants, never identified
+it; but the President had caught it quickly and easily, sitting on his
+porch at Sagamore Hill. I believe I may take the credit of being the
+first to identify and describe this song--back in the old "Wake Robin"
+days.
+
+In an inscription in a book the President had just given me he had
+referred to himself as my pupil. Now I was to be his pupil. In dealing
+with the birds I could keep pace with him pretty easily, and, maybe,
+occasionally lead him; but when we came to consider big game and the
+animal life of the globe, I was nowhere. His experience with the big
+game has been very extensive, and his acquaintance with the literature
+of the subject is far beyond my own; and he forgets nothing, while my
+memory is a sieve. In his study he set before me a small bronze
+elephant in action, made by the famous French sculptor Barye. He asked
+me if I saw anything wrong with it. I looked it over carefully, and
+was obliged to confess that, so far as I could see, it was all right.
+Then he placed before me another, by a Japanese artist. Instantly I
+saw what was wrong with the Frenchman's elephant. Its action was like
+that of a horse or a cow, or any trotting animal--a hind and a front
+foot on opposite sides moving together. The Japanese had caught the
+real movement of the animal, which is that of a pacer--both legs on
+the same side at a time. What different effects the two actions gave
+the statuettes! The free swing of the Japanese elephant you at once
+recognize as the real thing. The President laughed, and said he had
+never seen any criticism of Barye's elephant on this ground, or any
+allusion to his mistake; it was his own discovery. I was fairly beaten
+at my own game of observation.
+
+He then took down a copy of his "Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail,"
+and pointed out to me the mistakes the artist had made in some of his
+drawings of big Western game.
+
+"Do you see anything wrong in the head of the pronghorn?" he asked,
+referring to the animal which the hunter is bringing in on the saddle
+behind him. Again I had to confess that I could not. Then he showed me
+the mounted head of a pronghorn over the mantel in one of his rooms,
+and called my attention to the fact that the eye was close under the
+root of the horn, whereas in the picture the artist had placed it
+about two inches too low. And in the artist's picture of the
+pronghorn, which heads Chapter IX, he had made the tail much too long,
+as he had the tail of the elk on the opposite page.
+
+I had heard of Mr. Roosevelt's attending a fair in Orange County,
+while he was Governor, where a group of mounted deer were exhibited.
+It seems the group had had rough usage, and one of the deer had lost
+its tail and a new one had been supplied. No one had noticed anything
+wrong with it till Mr. Roosevelt came along. "But the minute he
+clapped his eyes on that group," says the exhibitor, "he called out,
+'Here, Gunther, what do you mean by putting a white-tail deer's tail
+on a black-tail deer?" Such closeness and accuracy of observation even
+few naturalists can lay claim to. I mentioned the incident to him,
+and he recalled it laughingly. He then took down a volume on the deer
+family which he had himself had a share in writing, and pointed out
+two mistakes in the naming of the pictures which had been overlooked.
+The picture of the "white-tail in flight" was the black-tail of
+Colorado, and the picture of the black-tail of Colorado showed the
+black-tail of Columbia--the difference this time being seen in the
+branching of the horns.
+
+The President took us through his house and showed us his trophies of
+the chase--bearskins of all sorts and sizes on the floors, panther and
+lynx skins on the chairs, and elk heads and deer heads on the walls,
+and one very large skin of the gray timber wolf. We examined the teeth
+of the wolf, barely more than an inch long, and we all laughed at the
+idea of its reaching the heart of a caribou through the breast by a
+snap, or any number of snaps, as it has been reported to do. I doubt
+if it could have reached the heart of a gobbler turkey in that way at
+a single snap.
+
+    [Illustration: A YEARLING IN THE APPLE ORCHARD
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+The President's interest in birds, and in natural history generally,
+dates from his youth. While yet in his teens he published a list of
+the birds of Franklin County, New York. He showed me a bird journal
+which he kept in Egypt when he was a lad of fourteen, and a case of
+three African plovers which he had set up at that time; and they were
+well done.
+
+Evidently one of his chief sources of pleasure at Sagamore Hill is the
+companionship of the birds. He missed the bobolink, the seaside finch,
+and the marsh wren, but his woods and grounds abounded in other
+species. He knew and enjoyed not only all the more common birds, but
+many rarer and shyer ones that few country people ever take note
+of--such as the Maryland yellow-throat, the black and white creeper,
+the yellow-breasted chat, the oven-bird, the prairie warbler, the
+great crested flycatcher, the wood pewee, and the sharp-tailed finch.
+He enjoyed the little owls, too. "It is a pity the little-eared owl is
+called a screech owl. Its tremulous, quavering cry is not a screech at
+all, and has an attraction of its own. These little owls come up to
+the house after dark, and are fond of sitting on the elk's antlers
+over the gable. When the moon is up, by choosing one's position, the
+little owl appears in sharp outline against the bright disk, seated on
+his many-tined perch."
+
+A few days after my visit he wrote me that he had identified the
+yellow-throated or Dominican warbler in his woods, the first he had
+ever seen. I had to confess to him that I had never seen the bird. It
+is very rare north of Maryland. The same letter records several
+interesting little incidents in the wild life about him:
+
+"The other night I took out the boys in rowboats for a camping-out
+expedition. We camped on the beach under a low bluff near the grove
+where a few years ago on a similar expedition we saw a red fox. This
+time two young foxes, evidently this year's cubs, came around the camp
+half a dozen times during the night, coming up within ten yards of the
+fire to pick up scraps and seeming to be very little bothered by our
+presence. Yesterday on the tennis ground I found a mole shrew. He was
+near the side lines first. I picked him up in my handkerchief, for he
+bit my hand, and after we had all looked at him I let him go; but in a
+few minutes he came back and deliberately crossed the tennis grounds
+by the net. As he ran over the level floor of the court, his motion
+reminded all of us of the motion of those mechanical mice that run
+around on wheels when wound up. A chipmunk that lives near the tennis
+court continually crosses it when the game is in progress. He has done
+it two or three times this year, and either he or his predecessor has
+had the same habit for several years. I am really puzzled to know why
+he should go across this perfectly bare surface, with the players
+jumping about on it, when he is not frightened and has no reason that
+I can see for going. Apparently he grows accustomed to the players and
+moves about among them as he would move about, for instance, among a
+herd of cattle."
+
+The President is a born nature-lover, and he has what does not always
+go with this passion--remarkable powers of observation. He sees
+quickly and surely, not less so with the corporeal eye than with the
+mental. His exceptional vitality, his awareness all around, gives the
+clue to his powers of seeing. The chief qualification of a born
+observer is an alert, sensitive, objective type of mind, and this
+Roosevelt has in a preeminent degree.
+
+You may know the true observer, not by the big things he sees, but by
+the little things; and then not by the things he sees with effort and
+premeditation, but by his effortless, unpremeditated seeing--the
+quick, spontaneous action of his mind in the presence of natural
+objects. Everybody sees the big things, and anybody can go out with
+note-book and opera-glass and make a dead set at the birds, or can go
+into the northern forests and interview guides and trappers and
+Indians, and stare in at the door of the "school of the woods." None
+of these things evince powers of observation; they only evince
+industry and intention. In fact, born observers are about as rare as
+born poets. Plenty of men can see straight and report straight what
+they see; but the men who see what others miss, who see quickly and
+surely, who have the detective eye, like Sherlock Holmes, who "get the
+drop," so to speak, on every object, who see minutely and who see
+whole, are rare indeed.
+
+President Roosevelt comes as near fulfilling this ideal as any man I
+have known. His mind moves with wonderful celerity, and yet as an
+observer he is very cautious, jumps to no hasty conclusions.
+
+He had written me, toward the end of May, that while at Pine Knot in
+Virginia he had seen a small flock of passenger pigeons. As I had been
+following up the reports of wild pigeons from various parts of our
+own state during the past two or three years, this statement of the
+President's made me prick up my ears. In my reply I said, "I hope you
+are sure about those pigeons," and I told him of my interest in the
+subject, and also how all reports of pigeons in the East had been
+discredited by a man in Michigan who was writing a book on the
+subject. This made him prick up his ears, and he replied that while he
+felt very certain he had seen a small band of the old wild pigeons,
+yet he might have been deceived; the eye sometimes plays one tricks.
+He said that in his old ranch days he and a cowboy companion thought
+one day that they had discovered a colony of _black_ prairie dogs,
+thanks entirely to the peculiar angle at which the light struck them.
+He said that while he was President he did not want to make any
+statement, even about pigeons, for the truth of which he did not have
+good evidence. He would have the matter looked into by a friend at
+Pine Knot upon whom he could depend. He did so, and convinced himself
+and me also that he had really seen wild pigeons. I had the pleasure
+of telling him that in the same mail with his letter came the news to
+me of a large flock of wild pigeons having been seen near the
+Beaverkill in Sullivan County, New York. While he was verifying his
+observation I was in Sullivan County verifying this report. I saw and
+questioned persons who had seen the pigeons, and I came away fully
+convinced that a flock of probably a thousand birds had been seen
+there late in the afternoon of May 23. "You need have no doubt about
+it," said the most competent witness, an old farmer. "I lived here
+when the pigeons nested here in countless numbers forty years ago. I
+know pigeons as I know folks, and these were pigeons."
+
+    [Illustration: HALLWAY, SAGAMORE HILL
+
+    From stereograph, copyright 1907, by Underwood & Underwood,
+    New York]
+
+I mention this incident of the pigeons because I know that the fact
+that they have been lately seen in considerable numbers will be good
+news to a large number of readers.
+
+The President's nature-love is deep and abiding. Not every bird
+student succeeds in making the birds a part of his life. Not till you
+have long and sympathetic intercourse with them, in fact, not till you
+have loved them for their own sake, do they enter into and become a
+part of your life. I could quote many passages from President
+Roosevelt's books which show how he has felt and loved the birds, and
+how discriminating his ear is with regard to their songs. Here is
+one:--
+
+"The meadow-lark is a singer of a higher order [than the plains
+skylark], deserving to rank with the best. Its song has length,
+variety, power, and rich melody, and there is in it sometimes a
+cadence of wild sadness inexpressibly touching. Yet I cannot say that
+either song would appeal to others as it appeals to me; for to me it
+comes forever laden with a hundred memories and associations--with the
+sight of dim hills reddening in the dawn, with the breath of cool
+morning winds blowing across lonely plains, with the scent of flowers
+on the sunlit prairie, with the motion of fiery horses, with all the
+strong thrill of eager and buoyant life. I doubt if any man can judge
+dispassionately the bird-songs of his own country; he cannot
+disassociate them from the sights and sounds of the land that is so
+dear to him."
+
+Here is another, touching upon some European song-birds as compared
+with some of our own: "No one can help liking the lark; it is such a
+brave, honest, cheery bird, and moreover its song is uttered in the
+air, and is very long-sustained. But it is by no means a musician of
+the first rank. The nightingale is a performer of a very different and
+far higher order; yet though it is indeed a notable and admirable
+singer, it is an exaggeration to call it unequaled. In melody, and
+above all in that finer, higher melody where the chords vibrate with
+the touch of eternal sorrow, it cannot rank with such singers as the
+wood-thrush and the hermit-thrush. The serene ethereal beauty of the
+hermit's song, rising and falling through the still evening, under the
+archways of hoary mountain forests that have endured from time
+everlasting; the golden, leisurely chiming of the wood-thrush,
+sounding on June afternoons, stanza by stanza, through the
+sun-flecked groves of tall hickories, oaks, and chestnuts; with these
+there is nothing in the nightingale's song to compare. But in volume
+and continuity, in tuneful, voluble, rapid outpouring and ardor, above
+all in skillful and intricate variation of theme, its song far
+surpasses that of either of the thrushes. In all these respects it is
+more just to compare it with the mocking-bird's, which, as a rule,
+likewise falls short precisely on those points where the songs of the
+two thrushes excel."
+
+In his "Pastimes of an American Hunter" he says: "It is an
+incalculable added pleasure to any one's sense of happiness if he or
+she grows to know, even slightly and imperfectly, how to read and
+enjoy the wonder-book of nature. All hunters should be nature-lovers.
+It is to be hoped that the days of mere wasteful, boastful slaughter
+are past, and that from now on the hunter will stand foremost in
+working for the preservation and perpetuation of the wild life,
+whether big or little." Surely this man is the rarest kind of a
+sportsman.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Camping & Tramping with Roosevelt, by
+John Burroughs
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPING & TRAMPING WITH ROOSEVELT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 33053.txt or 33053.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/0/5/33053/
+
+Produced by David Edwards and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/33053.zip b/33053.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04da25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/33053.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0baa2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #33053 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33053)