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diff --git a/33013-8.txt b/33013-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d52aeac --- /dev/null +++ b/33013-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20804 @@ +Project Gutenberg's European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae, by George Massee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae + +Author: George Massee + +Release Date: June 28, 2010 [EBook #33013] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA: AGARICACEAE *** + + + + +Produced by Peter Vachuska, Stephen H. Sentoff and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA + +AGARICACEAE + + + + +EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA + +AGARICACEAE + + +GEORGE MASSEE, F.L.S., + +PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT (CRYPTOGAMS), ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. + +PRESIDENT OF THE QUEKETT MICROSCOPICAL CLUB; CHAIRMAN OF THE +MYCOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION; MEMBER OF +THE SCOTTISH CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY; MEMBER OF THE NEW ZEALAND +INSTITUTE; HON. MEMBER OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, WINDSOR +AND ETON SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, HERTFORDSHIRE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, +ESSEX FIELD CLUB, &c. + +AUTHOR OF _A TEXT-BOOK OF PLANT DISEASES_; _BRITISH FUNGI_; _BRITISH +FUNGUS-FLORA_; _A MONOGRAPH OF THE MYXOGASTRES_; &c., &c. + +[Illustration] + + London + DUCKWORTH & CO. + 3 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C. + + 1902 + + + + + Cambridge: + PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY, + AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. + + +_To my friend Dr M. C. Cooke, to whom in matters Mycological I cannot +sufficiently express my indebtedness; I have much pleasure in dedicating +this attempt to introduce to British Mycologists, the Agarics of +European countries._ + + _GEO. MASSEE._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + PAGE + Dedication iii + Preface v + Agaricaceae, definition of 1 + Agaricaceae, definition of sections of 1 + Leucosporae, analysis of genera 1 + Abbreviations 3 + Chlorosporae, analysis of genera 118 + Rhodosporae, analysis of genera 118 + Ochrosporae, analysis of genera 138 + Melanosporae, analysis of genera 203 + Addenda 241 + Corrections 244 + Bibliography 245 + Index 248 + + + + +PREFACE. + + +Observations extending over a period of twenty-five years, made at +Fungus Forays and kindred meetings where Mycologists assemble together, +has led to the conviction that familiarity with the Fungi and literature +pertaining thereto, of one country only, leads to a false impression as +to the significance of the term 'species.' + +It conveys the idea that species are much more sharply defined than +proves to be the case, when the entire Fungus Flora of Europe is +included. + +In all large genera common to European countries, the continental +species can be sandwiched between British species. Even in large genera +there are as a rule not more than eight or ten primary differentiating +specific characters present, and it is the constant correlation of two +or three of those primary characters that constitute a species, as +understood at the present day. + +If two British species are characterised respectively by the marks 1, 2, +and 3, 4, then we find that two continental species belonging to the +same genus will be indicated by the characters 1, 3, and 2, 4, +respectively. + +Primary specific characters should include only those features that are +constant, and not materially modified by geographical or exceptional +local conditions as to environment, etc., and such alone should +constitute a specific diagnosis. Trivial or local characteristics should +follow the essential diagnosis as a rider. + +With the introduction of characters due to local conditions, a +description ceases to be a specific diagnosis in the proper sense, and +is merely a description of a certain state of a species occurring under +a given set of conditions. Such, however, is too frequently the nature +of so-called specific characters given in local Floras. + +A lengthy and laboured description suggests lack of power to grip +essentials on the part of the compiler, and does not as a rule +facilitate the recognition of the species intended. + +The idea of this work is to give the essential characters of each +species as presented by pileus, gills, stem and spores respectively. +This, however, owing to the views of some authors as to the predominant +value of one feature to the exclusion of others, has not always been +possible. For this reason the species of Britzelmayr are not included, +as his descriptions, even when aided by what are presumably intended as +figures, could not in many instances be construed into an intelligible +diagnosis. + +In Cooke and Quélet's _Clavis Synoptica Hymenomycetum Europaeorum_ +(1878), 1943 species of Agarics are recorded as European, and of these +939 are given as British. The present work includes descriptions of 2750 +European species, of which 1553 are British, a number considerably in +excess of that recorded for the species of any other European country. + +The species indicated by brackets have not been recorded as British. + + G. M. + +KEW, _June, 1902_. + + + + +AGARICACEAE, Fries. + + +Hymenium covering the entire surface of radiating lamellae or gills. +Spores one-celled. + +Primary divisions of the Agaricaceae depend on the colour of the spores +as seen in the mass, when deposited on an opaque substance; and not as +seen under the microscope by transmitted light. + + I. LEUCOSPORAE. + +Spores white. In some cases with a tinge of yellow or pink. In some +species of _Russula_ the spores are clear ochre, but such species belong +obviously to _Russula_ notwithstanding. + + II. CHLOROSPORAE. + +Spores clear green or bluish-green. + + III. RHODOSPORAE. + +Spores salmon-colour or pink. + + IV. OCHROSPORAE. + +Spores ochraceous or rust-colour. + + V. MELANOSPORAE. + +Spores black, blackish-brown, or black with a purple tinge. + + + + +LEUCOSPORAE. + + + I. HAPLOPHYLLAE. + Margin of gills acute; i.e. not longitudinally split or grooved. + + * MOLLES. More or less fleshy, soft, and soon decaying or + shrivelling (not corky, woody, or rigid). + + + _Ring, or volva, or both present, or gills free._ + +=Amanita=. Volva and ring present. Gills usually free, rarely adnexed or +adnate. (Volva sometimes not evident round base of stem, but loose +patches on pileus prove its presence.) + +=Amanitopsis=. Volva present, ring absent; gills free. + +=Lepiota=. Ring present, volva absent; gills free. (In some sp. the +ring is imperfect, and in a few the gills are slightly attached.) + +=Hiatula=. Gills free; volva and ring absent. + +=Armillaria=. Ring present, volva absent; gills attached. + + ++ _Gills adnexed or adnate; ring and volva absent._ + +=Tricholoma=. Gills sinuate; stem fleshy. + +=Russula=. Pileus fleshy; gills very rigid, brittle. + +=Mycena=. Pileus slender, campanulate, usually striate, margin straight +and adpressed to stem when young. + +=Collybia=. Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane, margin incurved +when young; stem cartilaginous outside. + +=Marasmius=. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened; gills often +connected by veins. + + +++ _Gills decurrent._ + +=Lactarius=. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In some sp. the +gills are adnate.) + +=Hygrophorus=. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy, often +branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills are adnate +or even free.) + +=Clitocybe=. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the spores; +stem fibrous outside. + +=Omphalia=. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside. + +=Pleurotus=. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when present. + +=Cantharellus=. Gills narrow, edge thick, rather waxy, forking. + +=Arrhenia=. Gills reduced to very slight wrinkles or veins. + +=Nyctalis=. Gills thick, edge blunt. Parasitic on fungi, or among dead +leaves, &c. + + ** TENACES. Coriaceous, corky, or woody, persistent, rigid when + dry. + +=Lentinus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge toothed or eroded. + +=Panus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge quite entire. + +=Xerotus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills forking, edge thick. + +=Lenzites=. Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky; gills radiating from +behind. + + II. SCHIZOPHYLLAE. + Margin of gills split open. + +=Trogia=. Gills resembling folds or wrinkles, edge grooved. (In the only +European species the edge of gills not grooved.) + +=Schizophyllum=. Margin of gills split, the split portions rolling +outwards. + + +ABBREVIATIONS USED. + +Cm. = centimetres; compr. = compressed; decur. = decurrent; depr. = +depressed; exp. = expanded; g. = gills; hygr. = hygrophanous; infundib. += infundibuliform; mm. = millimetres; p. = pileus; s. = stem; sp. = +spores; umb. = umbonate; umbil. = umbilicate. + +The measurement given of the stem is that of its average length; that of +the pileus, its average breadth when expanded. The measurement of the +spores is given in micro-millimetres, usually indicated by the Greek +letter µ. + + +AMANITA, Fries. + + * _Margin of volva free, persistent._ + + + _Pileus red or deep orange._ + +[=caesarea=, Scop. P. hemispherical then exp. orange or red, edge +striate, flesh yellowish; g. yellow; s. stout, yellow, ring and volva +lax; sp. 8-10 × 6. Edible. + + ++ _Pileus white, sometimes tinged yellow or green._ + +=virosa=, Fr. Entirely white. P. 8-11 cm. conical, then expanded; viscid +when moist; g. free, crowded; s. 10-12 cm. slightly thinner upwards, +squamulose, ring near apex, torn, volva large, lax; sp. subglobose, +8-10. Poisonous. + +=phalloides=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. viscid, obtuse, white, tinted yellow or +greenish; g. free, white; s. 7-10 cm. white, tapering upwards, bulbous, +ring large, volva large, margin irreg. free; sp. subglobose, 7-8. +Poisonous. + +=mappa=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 6-9 cm. convex then expanded, dry, white +or yellowish, usually with patches of the volva; g. adnexed, white; s. +5-8 cm. white, bulbous, ring torn, volva without a large, free margin; +sp. subglobose, 7-9. Poisonous. + +Differs from _A. phalloides_ in shorter equal stem. + +[=ovoidea=, Bull. White. P. silky, margin incurved, even; s. squamulose. + +[=coccola=, Scop. White; margin of p. incurved, sulcate; s. villose; sp. +11-12 × 8. + +[=lepiotoides=, Barla. At first entirely closed in brown volva. P. exp. +edge striate, squamulose, whitish, cuticle broken into greyish tawny +areolae or scales; g. broad, whitish, brownish when bruised; s. +yellowish-white, squamulose, ring thin, fugacious. + + +++ _Pileus yellow, sometimes tinged red._ + +[=junquillea=, Q. P. pale orange or lemon yellow, viscid, deeply +striate; g. adnexed; s. and fugacious ring yellowish-white, base +ovoid-bulbous, volva circumscissile. + +[=vernalis=, Gillet. P. exp. pale dingy yellow with tinge of red, with +scattered white scales; g. free, white, broadest in front; s. white, +squamulose below the ring, base bulbous, volva ample margin free. In +early spring. + +[=lutea=, Otth. P. conical, exp. yellow or yellowish ochre, edge invol. +slightly striate, disc papillose, viscid, usually with broad scattered +scales; g. white, crowded; s. rather narrowed upwards, base bulbous, +ring thin, white, volva membranous. + + ++++ _Pileus brownish or grey._ + +[=porphyria=, A. & S. P. brownish or with a violet tinge; g. adnexed; s. +slender, ring distant brownish; sp. 8-10. + +=recutita=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon expanded, dry, glabrous, fragments of +volva present as a rule, grey or brownish; g. forming lines down the +stem; s. narrowed upwards, silky, white, ring distant, white, edge of +volva not free; sp. ----. + +Differs from _A. porphyria_ in ring not being tinged brown. + +[=cinerea=, Bresad. Small. P. conico-campan. edge striate, livid-grey; +g. free, crowded, white, edge fimbriate; s. equal, almost glabrous, +partly hollow, colour of p., ring apical, persistent, white; volva free, +sheathing, limb lobed, whitish; sp. 10-12 × 8. + + ** _Volva without a free loose margin, or almost obsolete._ + + + _Pileus red, reddish-brown or dingy brown._ + +=muscaria=, Fr. P. 12-18 cm. soon plane, striate, viscid, scarlet or +orange with white patches; gills forming lines down the stem, white; s. +10-14 cm. stout, white, ring lax, volva broken up into concentric +ridges; sp. 8 × 5. Poisonous. + +var. _regalis_, Fr. Large. P. liver-colour. + +var. _formosa_, Pers. P. yellow or tawny orange, scales usually absent; +s. elongated, yellowish. + +var. _umbrina_, Viv. P. umber or livid, disc fuscous; s. hollow. A +slender form. + +=rubescens=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. convex then expanded, dingy red-brown, +sprinkled with small pale warts, flesh brownish when broken; g. whitish, +forming lines down the stem; s. 7-10 cm. stout, narrowed upwards, +squamulose, whitish, ring large, bulbous base concentrically grooved; +sp. 8 × 6. Edible. + +[=roseola=, Steinh. P. exp. rosy, with rosy mealy warts or naked, flesh +rosy; g. crowded, adnexed, white; s. cylindrical, somewhat bulbous, with +rufous squamules below ring, volva obsolete; sp. 8-9 × 5-6. + +[=Eliae=, Q. P. reddish-lilac, margin sulcate; g. adnexed; s. white, +striate, volva obsolete; sp. 11 long. + +=magnifica=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. soon almost plane, striate, reddish-brown +or bay, with mealy patches, flesh reddish; g. slightly decurrent; s. +10-14 cm. bulbous, nearly equal, scaly and coloured like pileus up to +the large ring; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +Very close to _Armillaria_. + +=megalodactyla=, Berk. Strong scented. P. 5-8 cm. soon expanded, +subgibbous, reddish-grey; g. free, becoming tinged red; s. 8-12 cm. +rather bulbous, fibrillose, white, ring large; sp. 5 × 3. + +=aspera=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. soon plane, dusky olive, livid, or brownish, +with small, crowded, angular warts, flesh reddish under the cuticle; g. +free; s. 5-8 cm. white, squamulose, bulb rugulose, ring entire; sp. 8 × +6. + +var. _Francheti_, Boud. P. pale yellowish-green with golden warts; sp. +10 × 8. + +=excelsa=, Fr. P. 9-12 cm. soon plane, viscid, brownish-grey, warts +greyish, soon disappearing; g. free, white; s. 10-12 cm. squamose up to +the imperfect ring, and base bulbous, no free edge to volva; sp. 8-9 × +5-6. Poisonous. + +=pantherina=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. soon plane, viscid, striate, yellow-brown, +grey, or whitish, with flat mealy warts; g. free but close to stem, +white; s. 10-14 cm. bulbous, whitish, silky, ring distant, extreme edge +of volva free, sp. 8 × 5. + +[=valida=, Fr. P. dark, with mucronate dark pointed warts; g. running +down stem in lines. + +=spissa=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. soon plane, umber or grey with small grey +warts, flesh persistently white; g. running in lines down stem, white; +s. 6-8 cm. white, bulbous, slightly rooting, concentrically cracked or +squamulose, ring large; sp. 9-10 × 6. + + ++ _Pileus clear yellow or orange._ + +=aureola=, Kalchb. P. 7-10 cm. soon plane, orange or golden, viscid, +naked; g. free; s. 8-12 cm. slender, white, floccosely-squamulose, ring +sup. volva marginate; sp. ----. + +=citrina=, Gon. & Rab. P. convex, obtuse, 8-12 cm. bright yellow with +white patches; g. white, broad, free; s. 10-12 cm. long, stout, white, +volva imperfect, ring large; sp. globose, warted, 6-7. + +[=amici=, Gill. P. conical, then obtusely umb., striate, slightly +viscid, yellowish ochre, disc brownish and covered with large irreg. +greyish persistent patches; g. free, ventricose, narrowed at both ends; +s. hollow, bulbous, ring small inf., no free edge to volva. + + +++ _Pileus whitish or greyish._ + +=nitida=, Fr. P. 8-10 cm. hemispherical, whitish, with thick, angular, +brownish warts; g. free, crowded; s. 7-9 cm. conical, bulbous, +squamulose, white, ring torn; sp. ----. + +=solitaria=, Bull. 8-12 cm. soon plane, whitish or tinged rufous, warts +angular, small, floccose, easily removed; g. white, broad, narrowed +behind and adnexed; s. 7-10 cm. with imbricated scales below, ring +torn, base swollen, rooting, volva marginate; sp. 7-12 × 5-6. + +=echinocephala=, Vitt. White. P. convex then plane, shining, bristling +with acute, deciduous pyramidal warts; g. adnexed; s. solid, scaly, base +bulbous, rooting, ring distant; sp. 10 diam. + +[=Persoonii=, Fr. P. greyish-white, margin even; g. free; s. solid, +nearly equal, rooting. + +[=arida=, Fr. P. soon plane, grey, margin sulcate; g. adnexed; s. +subglabrous, ring distant, volva absent. + +=strobiliformis=, Vitt. P. 10-20 cm. convex then expanded, white, grey, +or dingy ochre, with large pyramidal, hard warts; g. free; s. floccosely +scaly, bulbous, ring large, torn, volva forming concentric rings; sp. +13-14 × 8-9. + +[=cariosa=, Fr. P. soft, even, umber or dark grey, with mealy patches; +g. adnate; s. equal throughout; sp. 10 long. + + +AMANITOPSIS, Roze. + + * _Pileus coloured._ + +=vaginata=, Bull. P. 6-10 cm. plane, margin striate, grey, yellow, +brown, or white; g. pallid; s. 10-12 cm. narrowed upwards, minutely +squamulose, volva large, margin free; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +The grey form is edible, the brown form is unpalatable. + +=strangulata=, Fr. P. 8-10 cm. soon plane, livid-bay or grey, with +patches of the volva, margin striate; g. free, white; s. 10-14 cm. +stout, thinner upwards, pale, volva breaking up and forming 2-4 +ring-like ridges on the stem; sp. 9-15 × 7. + +Perhaps a vigorous form of _A. vaginata_. + +[=urceolata=, Viv. P. thin, hemispher. then slightly depr. umb. viscid, +mouse-colour, edge striate; g. adnate, shining white; s. white, even, +naked, volva urceolate. + +[=friabilis=, Karst. P. exp. thin, rather viscid, greyish, edge sulcate, +with broad crowded warts or scales; g. free, white, edge darker, +crenulate; s. conical, everywhere floccosely scaly, white or greyish; +volva broken up into fragments; sp. glob. 11-12. + +Differs from _A. vaginata_ in smaller size and imperfect volva. + +[=praetoria=, Paul. P. thin, campan. then exp. naked, pectinately +sulcate, maroon or brownish; g. annulato-adnexed; s. ventricose, volva +large, lax. + +=lenticularis=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. globose, then convex, even, naked, +reddish-tan; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. 10-14 cm. subbulbous, white, +ring large; sp. ----. + +[=Godeyi=, Gillet. P. pale honey-colour, naked, striate; g. free, +crowded; s. cylind., volva large, torn; sp. 15-18 long. + +[=scobinella=, Trog. P. exp. fuscescent, pellicle broken up into minute, +deciduous, darker wart-like squamules, near margin even and silky; g. +white; s. conical, base white-squamulose. + +[=gemmata=, Paul. Exp. vermilion with angular warts; g. pure white; s. +solid, bulbous, whitish, no distinct volva. + +=adnata=, W. G. Sm. P. 6-8 cm. yellowish-buff with patches of the volva; +g. adnate, crowded, white; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, buff, volva almost +obsolete; sp. subglobose, 7-8. + +[=insidiosa=, Letell. P. exp. even, glabrous, lurid, greenish-olive, +&c.; g. free, white; s. solid, slightly thinner upwards, edge of volva +free; sp. ----. + +Differs from _A. baccata_ in even p. and free margin of volva. Fries +suggests _A. phalloides_ without the ring. + +[=Bresadolae=, Sacc. Volva subglobose, not sheathing, edge stellate, +tinged brown; p. exp. glabrous, whitish, often with angular umber warts; +g. almost free, whitish; s. cylindr. whitish; sp. subg. 5-7. + +Superficially resembles _Volvaria parvula_. + + ** _Pileus white._ + +[=leiocephala=, D. C. Shining white. P. convex then plane, silky, edge +even; g. free; s. solid, short, firm, volva very large, lax. + +[=cygnea=, Schulz. White. P. soon plane; g. attenuato-adnexed; s. +clothed with adnate patches above the ample sheathing volva. + +[=hyperborea=, Karst. (= _Ag. gemmatus_ var. _lapponicus_ Karst.). +Entirely white. P. thin, convex, exp. covered with angular warts, edge +pectinato-sulcate; g. free, shining white; s. bulbous, attenuated +upwards, ring absent; sp. glob. 10-14. + +Perhaps a var. of _A. vaginatus_. + +[=leccina=, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, naked, whitish or yellowish, edge +even; g. adnate; s. equal, edge of ring reddish; sp. 10 × 6. + +[=baccata=, Fr. P. white, covered with globose warts; g. free; s. equal, +volva obtusely marginate; sp. 11 × 7. + +[=Boudieri=, Barla. P. globose then exp. or depr., satiny, white, disc +tinged, warted, edge even; g. broad, white then tinged yellow, +subadnexed; s. long, subcylindrical, white and scurfy at apex, rest +yellowish-white, bulb turbinate, volva obliterated, brownish, ring thin, +caducous; sp. ellipsoid, elongated. + +Differs from _A. baccata_ in longer sp. + + +LEPIOTA, Fr. + + A. _Epidermis dry._ + + * _Ring free, distinct from the volva._ + +=procera=, Scop. P. soon expanded, umbonate, with brownish scales, 10-25 +cm.; g. free, crowded; s. 12-20 cm., base thickened, brownish, +transversely cracked, ring free; sp. 12-15 × 8-9. Edible. + +=rachodes=, Vitt. P. 10-18 cm. soon expanded, not umbonate, with brown +scales, flesh brownish when broken; gills free; s. white, not cracked, +12-15 cm., ring free; sp. 14 × 8. Edible. + +Differs from _L. procera_ in the flesh turning brown when cut. + +var. _puellaris_, Fr. Small, entirely white, stem flocculose. + +[=Olivieri=, Barla. P. convex, then exp. or depr., whitish tinged fawn +at disc, covered with fawn adpr. fibrillose scales; g. broad, free +yellowish-white; s. whitish, base swollen, ring cottony, caducous; flesh +white, brick-red then brownish when broken. + +Allied to _L. rachodes_ with which it agrees in size. + +=prominens=, Viv. P. 4-6 cm., umbo very strong, ochraceous, scaly; g. +white; s. 9-15 cm. slender, base swollen, ring free; sp. 10 × 8. + +=permixta=, Barla. P. convex, more or less umb. campan. then exp. silky, +greyish fawn, centre darker, with adpr. brown scales and becoming +deprived of cuticle at edge; g. pale wax or tinged red; s. cylindr. +dingy white cracked into brown adpr. scales, base swollen, ring +brownish; flesh reddish when broken. + +Resembles _L. procera_ in size and marking of s.; _L. rachodes_ in flesh +becoming red; and _L. excoriata_ in having border deprived of cuticle. + +[=molybdites=, Mey. P. globose then campan. broken into crustaceous +scales up to middle; g. remote, white then tinged blue; s. hollow, +blackish-brown, bulbous, ring equal. + +An introduced species. + +=excoriata=, Schaeff. P. globose then plane, 5-8 cm. bistre or whitish, +silky or squamulose; g. free; s. cylindrical, white, 5-8 cm. hollow, +ring free; sp. 14-15 × 8-9. + +_L. naucina_ differs in the fragmentary ring. + +[=carneifolia=, Gill. P. fleshy, exp. brown or purple brown, glabrous +then minutely broken up into fascicles of fibrils; g. fleshy, crowded, +distant from s.; s. white, fibrillose, thickened at base, ring large, +soon free. + +=densifolia=, Gill. P. obtuse, white, soon broken up into adpressed +fibrillose scales; g. closely crowded, thin, white, broadest in front; +s. white, shining, ring free. + +=gracilenta=, Kromb. P. soon expanded, obtusely umbonate, 5-8 cm., brown +patches on white ground; g. free, broad; s. thickened at base, 12-16 +cm., white, ring floccose, disappearing; sp. 10-11 × 7.5. + +Differs from _L. procera_ in smaller size and more especially in the +fugacious ring. _L. prominens_ differs in very large umbo and permanent, +free ring. + +=mastoidea=, Fr. Entirely whitish. P. 3-5 cm. with small disappearing +warts; g. free; s. narrow up from bulbous base, 5-8 cm., ring free; sp. +7-8 × 5. + +The smallest species of the present section. Like _L. gracilenta_ in +miniature. + + ** _Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil clothing the + stem._ + +=Friesii=, Lasch. P. 8-12 cm. expanded, subumb. with adpressed, +tomentose brown scales; g. free, crowded; s. 8-12 cm. subbulbous, scaly, +brownish, ring pendulous; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +=acutesquamosa=, Weinm. P. 9-12 cm. convex, obtuse, pale rusty with +numerous small pointed warts; g. free, crowded; s. 8-10 cm. narrowed +from swollen base, white with rusty scales below, ring large; sp. 7-8 × +4. + +Differs from _L. Friesii_ in rigid deciduous warts, and broad gills very +close to stem. + +=Badhami=, Berk. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, obtuse, squamulose, dark brown, +cracked into patches, flesh like that of stem saffron-red when broken; +g. free; s. 6-8 cm. bulbous, whitish, ring rather loose; sp. 5 × 3. + +=emplastra=, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. convex, glabrous, dark brown, +cracked and showing white ground; g. free; s. 7-9 cm. whitish, ring +brown outside; sp. 18-20 × 10-12. + +Differs from _L. Badhami_ in glabrous pileus and larger spores. + +=meleagris=, Sow. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, minute black scales on a pale +ground, flesh becoming red; g. free; s. 3-6 cm., with blackish +squamules, stuffed, ring obsolete; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=biornata=, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. convex, white tinged yellow, sprinkled +with red scales; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. long, ventricose, white spotted red +as is also the ring; sp. 8-9 × 6. + +=hispida=, Lasch. P. 5-7 cm. soon expanded, umb. tawny-brown, tomentose +then hispid; g. free, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. floccosely-scaly up to ring, +tawny; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +[=lignicola=, Karst. P. exp. whitish- or yellowish-rusty, with innate, +erect, rusty concentric scales, edge fibrillose; g. crowded, free, edge +crenulate; s. curved, rusty, squamulose up to obsolete ring; sp. 4-5 × +3-4. + +Superficially resembles _Phol. squarrosa_. + +[=helveola=, Bres. P. exp. umb. scaly, reddish-brown; g. free, +ventricose, white; s. white then fawn, ring white. Poisonous. + +[=Boudieri=, Bres. Subcaespitose. P. campan. exp. fawn, with minute +darker scales; g. densely crowded, white, edge purple primrose; s. +bulbillose, brownish and fibrillose up to ring; sp. 8-9 × 3.5. + +[=ignicolor=, Bres. P. conico-campan. subexp. umb. squamulose or +fibrillose then almost glabrous, dry, fiery tawny; g. yellowish, edge +tawny; s. colour of p., base somewhat rooting with bright tawny fibrils; +ring evanescent; sp. 8-10 × 4.5-5. + +[=castanea=, Q. P. umb. squamulose, brown; s. and ring white with tawny +flecks. + +[=echinella=, Q. and Bern. Smell like radishes. P. camp. then convex and +umb. bay, bristling with brown pyramidal hairs; g. free, pallid, tinged +red; s. rosy, blackish scales below silky ring, pale above. + +Much more slender than _L. hispida_. + +[=Morieri=, Gill. P. exp. umb. white, shining, covered with reddish +scales, umbo smooth, edge appendiculate; g. white, edge denticulate; s. +fibrillose, white, shining, ring ample. + +=clypeolaria=, Bull. 5-8 cm. campan., at first incrusted, umb. tawny, +remainder with brownish scales; g. free; s. 6-8 cm., fibrillosely +squamulose up to ring, striate above; sp. 6 × 4. + +Differs from _L. hispida_ in pileus not being tomentose, and paler +colour. From _L. cristata_ by squamulose stem. + +[=brunneoincarnata=, Chod. and Mart. P. subglobose then campan.-conic +and umb. with scattered rufescent scales; g. free, white; s. fistulose, +equal, colour of p. + +[=Forquignoni=, Q. P. white, silky, umbo olive; g. becoming rosy; s. +white. + +=felina=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. camp. expanded, umbo black, rest with +concentric black scales on a white ground; g. free; s. 3-5 cm., white, +sometimes with black specks; sp. 10 × 5. + +=metulaespora=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then expanded, margin +coarsely striate, whitish-yellow with pale squamules; g. almost free; s. +4-6 cm., pale lemon yellow inside and out; sp. fusiform, 15-16 × 6. + +=cristata=, A. and S. P. 2-4 cm. soon expanded, reddish-brown cuticle at +first continuous, then broken up into concentric scales on a whitish +ground; g. free; s. 4-6 cm., whitish, fibrillose; sp. 7 × 4. + +Differs from _L. clypeolaria_ in stem not being squamulose. + +[=lilacea=, Bres. P. convex-campan. exp. depr. sometimes umb. +purple-lilac then pale and broken up into fuscous squamules; g. free, +white; s. fibrillosely scurfy, then almost glabrous, whitish then +pinkish lilac, ring inf. persistent blackish violet underneath; sp. 4-5 +× 2-2.5. + +Differs from _Lepiota cristata_ in absence of smell, a feature which +also separates it from _L. Bucknallii_. + +=nigro-marginata=, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. soon expanded, buff with small, +brown, concentric scales; g. narrow, pallid; s. 5-6 cm. slender, smooth, +buff, peronate up to distant ring; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +[=Magnusiana=, P. Henn. P. cylindrico-campan. then exp. papillately +scaly, white, centre yellowish with age, edge striate; g. free, crowded, +lanceolate, white then reddish; s. equal, white then reddish, ring +membranaceo-flocculose; sp. 7-11 × 6-8. + +=erminea=, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm., camp. then expanded, even, glabrous, +then silky towards margin; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose; sp. 11-12 × +4-5. + +=micropholis=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm., soon plane, white with minute +radiating blackish squamules; g. free; s. 2-2.5 cm., white, ring +spreading; sp. 5 × 3. + +=citriophylla=, B. and Br. P. 1.5-2 cm. expanded, umb. lemon yellow +with rufous squamules; g. free, lemon yellow; s. 2-4 cm. squamulose, +yellow; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +Differs from _L. amianthina_ by free gills and white flesh; and from _L. +metulaespora_ in squamulose stem. + +=atro-crocea=, W. G. Sm. P. 2.3 cm. soon plane, margin often lobed, deep +orange, covered with purple-brown fibrils; g. slightly attached, tinged +yellow; s. 2-3 cm. orange; sp. ----. + + *** _Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent; universal veil adnate to + the pileus._ + +=Vittadinii=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. expanded, obtuse, whitish, densely covered +with small erect warts; g. free, with a greenish tinge; s. 5-8 cm. with +concentric scales up to large ring, whitish or scales tipped red; sp. +----. + +Differs from _L. nympharum_ in solid stem and superior ring. + +[=strobiliformis=, Gill. P. convex, edge irreg. covered with strong +brown, angular and pyramidal warts; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. +cylindrical, stout, whitish, ring membranous. + +[=furnacea=, Let. P. white with a black cortex splitting radially; s. +white with concentric black scales. + +=nympharum=, Kalchb. P. 6-9 cm. soon expanded, umb. often tinged brown, +rest white with overlapping scales; g. free; s. white, hollow, glabrous; +sp. globose. + +[=colubrina=, Kromb. P. convex, obtuse, tinged fuscous, covered with +tomentose imbricated scales; g. white; s. solid, very long, ring +distant. + +=holosericea=, Fr. Very soft. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, obtuse, floccose, +whitish or tinge of tan; g. free; s. 5-9 cm. bulbous, whitish, silky, +ring large; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=naucina=, Fr. White. P. 5-10 cm. globose then plane, subumb. glabrous +then breaking up into granules; g. free; s. 4-5 cm. tapering to +thickened base, fibrillose, ring sup. thin, disappearing; sp. subg. 6-7. + +Differs from _L. excoriatia_ in the ephemeral ring. + +=leucothites=, Vitt. P. 5-10 cm. subumbonate, white, disc tinged brown, +silky then squamulose; g. white then pink; s. 7-12 cm. white, smooth, +bulbous, ring large, persistent; sp. hyaline, 9 × 7. + +[=rorulenta=, Paniz. Tufted. P. whitish, campan. umb. sulcate, softly +granulato-squamulose; g. closely crowded, tinged rosy; s. slender, +elongated, base thickened. + +=cepaestipes=, Sow. Yellow. P. 2-5 cm. expanded, umb., scaly, margin +plicate; g. free; s. swollen below, 7-12 cm. floccose; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +There is a white form. + +[=medioflava=, Boud. P. exp. striate, snow-white, very minutely silky +tomentose, centre depr. but the prominent umbo yellowish; g. free, +white; s. fistulose, white, minutely scurfy above median reflexed ring, +thickened base often yellowish; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +=licmophora=, B. and Br. Pale yellow. P. 2-3 cm. glabrous, coarsely +grooved; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. thicker below, smooth; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +Differs from _L. cepaestipes_ in glabrous pileus. + +[=Brebissoni=, Godey. P. exp. subumb. very thin, striate to middle, +brownish, paler towards edge, with brown scales at centre and paler ones +at margin; g. distant, edge toothed; s. swollen below, silvery white, +pruinose above the ring. + +Resembles some sp. of _Coprinus_ in transparency and fragility. + +[=Schulzeri=, Kalchbr. White. P. convex then exp. umb. even, glabrous; +g. free, remote, narrowed behind; s. hollow, narrowed from a subbulbous +base, naked, ring median, small. + +[=straminella=, Bagl. Entirely straw-colour. P. obtuse, sulcate, with +glutinous mealy flecks; g. attached to ring behind, s. floccose, +bulbous. + + **** _Pileus granular or warted. Universal veil of pileus and stem + at first continuous, on rupturing forming an inferior ring._ + +=cinnabarina=, A. and S. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, more or less gibbous, +scurfy, persistently brick-red; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. with red scales up +to imperfect ring; sp. 6-7 × 5. + +var. _Terreyi_, B. and Br. P. subglobose, bright tawny red, rough with +warts. + +Differs from _L. granulosa_ by larger size and persistently red pileus. + +=carcharias=, Pers. Smell strong. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, subumb. pale +flesh colour or yellowish-pink, granular; g. adnexed, white; s. 3-4 cm. +granular and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ----. + +var. _Terrei_, B. and Br. P. orange-red, convex; s. nearly equal; g. +broad, ventricose. + +[=tuberculata=, Brig. P. globoso-exp. cuticle thick, breaking into +tubercles, pale tan; g. white; s. subbulbous, fibrillose. + +[=venusta=, Bagl. P. convex, edge very thin, crenulate, sulcate, cuticle +tawny cracking in the centre; g. adnexed by a tooth; s. solid, thickened +upwards, peronate half way up. + +[=Pauletii=, Fr. P. exp. bristling with spines, brownish; g. crowded; s. +short, white. + +=granulosa=, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, obtusely umb. scurfy or +granular, rusty or brownish-orange, pale and hoary when dry; s. 3-5 cm. +floccosely scaly and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ----. + +Pileus often wrinkled, sometimes pale. + +var. _rufescens_, B. and Br. Entirely white, becoming rufous when dry. + +_L. amianthina_ differs in adnate gills and yellow flesh of stem. +Differs from _L. carcharia_ in absence of unpleasant smell. + +=amianthina=, Scop. P. 2-2.5 cm. soon plane and subumb. granular, +ochraceous, flesh yellow; g. adnate, yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. squamulose up +to ring, flesh yellow; sp. ----. + +var. _Broadwoodiae_, B. and Br. P. yellow; g. white. + +=polysticta=, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. soon expanded, reddish or yellow-brown +broken up into minute scales; g. free, yellowish; s. 2-4 cm. scaly and +coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ----. + + ***** _Cuticle of pileus dry, entire, not granular nor scaly; + small, slender._ + +=parvannulata=, Lasch. P. 1-1.5 cm. expanded, subumb. silky, white or +tinged yellow; g. free, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. white, fibrillose up to +distant small spreading ring; sp. 4 × 2.5. + +_L. erminea_ differs in superior, torn ring, glabrous pileus, and +radishy smell. + +=sistrata=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. expanded, whitish, disc often tinged yellow +or reddish, pruinose with glistening particles; g. nearly free, crowded; +s. 3-5 cm. white, silky, ring fibrillose; sp. ----. + +_L. seminuda_ differs in mealy stem, and _L. mesomorpha_ in glabrous +pileus and stem, and entire ring. + +=seminuda=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, umbonate, whitish or tinged +fleshcolour, mealy then naked; g. reaching the stem; s. 3-4 cm. whitish, +mealy, ring small, superior; sp. 5 × 3. + +_L. sistrata_ differs in fibrillose stem and pileus covered with +glistening particles. + +=Bucknallii=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. convex, white with violet powder; g. +reaching stem; s. 3-5 cm. white with violet powder; sp. 7 × 3. + +Smell strong, like gas-tar. + +=ianthina=, Cke. P. 2 cm. expanded, umb. whitish, disc violet, +fibrillose; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. wavy, white, ring distant, disappearing; +sp. ----. + +=mesomorpha=, Bull. P. about 1.5 cm. expanded, subumb. pale brown or +yellowish, even, glabrous; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. pale, glabrous, ring +superior; sp. ----. + +[=denudata=, Rab. P. campan.-exp. pale sulphur, very thin, floccosely +scurfy then naked; g. ventricose; s. subequal, with a minute very +fugacious ring. + +[=serena=, Fr. White. P. campan. glabrous; s. slender, subbulbous, ring +thin, deciduous. + +=martialis=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3. cm. soon plane, deep rose; g. free; +s. 3-4 cm. pink up to broad ring; sp. 8 × 4. + + B. _Cuticle of pileus viscid, not broken up._ + +[=demisannulata=, Secr. P. thin, umb. even; g. free, crowded, white; s. +nearly equal, with black fibrils, ring pendulous. + +=medullata=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 cm. soon expanded, glabrous, viscid, veil +in fragments at margin; g. free; s. 5-8 cm. dry, obsoletely squamulose +below, ring torn; sp. ----. + +Differs from _L. illinita_ in dry stem. + +=glioderma=, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. campan. then convex, even, viscid +reddish-bay; g. free; s. 5-8 cm. dry, whitish, densely squamulose up to +torn ring; sp. ----. + +=delicata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then plane, even, viscid, granular, +rufescent or yellowish; g. free; s. 2-3 cm.; s. dry, whitish floccosely +squamulose up to ring; sp. ----. + +Differs from _L. glioderma_ in p. not being campanulate, and stem +floccose, not squamose. + +=illinita=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. white or tinged tan, subumb. glabrous, +viscid; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. white, glutinous, ring obsolete; sp. ----. + +Distinct from all species by glutinous stem. + +[=pingua=, Fr. P. white or greyish, viscid, as is also the ring; s. +short, dry. + +[=inoculata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, honey colour, even, viscid; g. +crowded, broad; s. abruptly vaginate by the veil. + +=Georginae=, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. mealy, viscid, changing to +crimson when touched, as do also the gills and stem. + + +[HIATULA, Fr. + +[=Wynniae=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. membranaceous, splitting along back of +gills, pale; g. rather distant, white; st. 2-3 cm. hollow. + +Introduced from Queensland. Phosphorescent. + + +ARMILLARIA, Fr. + + * _Gills sinuate, adnexed._ + +=bulbigera=, A. and S. P. 7-10 cm. brownish, dry, fibrillose near +margin; g. emarginate; s. marginately bulbous, pale, ring soon +disappearing; sp. 7-10 × 5. + +[=phoenicea=, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, red; g. free, shining +white; s. bulbous, with red fibrils, ring fugacious. + +=focalis=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. reddish-tawny, silky, obtuse; g. almost free; +s. 7-9 cm. equal, fibrillose, ring median; sp. ----. + +var. _goliath_, Fr. Larger than type, s. rooting, ring almost obsolete. + +=robusta=, A. and S. P. 6-8 cm. dry, rufous-bay, flesh thick; g. nearly +free; s. 3-5 cm. stout, base narrowed, brownish floccose up to ring, +white above; sp. ----. + +Differs from _A. aurantia_ in deeply emarginate, broad, whitish gills. + +[=squamea=, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. convex then exp. reddish +cinnamon, covered with brown-red scales; edge incurved; g. broad, +subdecur. whitish tinged red; s. subventricose with a long tapering +base, reddish-brown and scaly up to torn ring, white above; flesh-white, +saffron when broken. + +Allied to _Armill. robusta_ but larger. + +[=Caussetta=, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. exp. depr. dry, silky, +squamulose at centre, rather viscid when moist, brick-red, edge incurved +then spreading; g. broad, pale or tinged red; s. stout, narrowed at +base, fibrillose and reddish up to ring, white above; flesh white, +reddish when broken. + +[=caligata=, Viv. Smell strong. P. exp. tawny, spotted with adpressed +silky scales; g. emarginate; s. solid, with brownish concentric scales +below the membranous persistent ring. + +[=megalopoda=, Bres. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. or depr. even, +glabrous, rather viscid, chestnut; g. crowded, whitish then +straw-colour; s. brownish-squamulose up to median ring, white above; sp. +glob. 5-6. + +[=luteovirens=, A. and S. All except white squamulose stem straw-colour; +p. torn into squamules, greenish when mature; ring imperfect. + +=aurantia=, Schaeff. P. 5-8 cm. rusty orange; g. adnexed; s. 6-8 cm. +stout, orange and concentrically squamose up to ring, white above; sp. +----. + +[=dehiscens=, Viv. P. hemispher. then depr. yellowish ochre; g. +adnexo-decur., broad; s. cylindric, scaly, viscid, ring very narrow, +persistent. + +=ramentacea=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm., obtuse, whitish or yellowish with darker +squamules; g. adnexed becoming free; s. 3-5 cm. with brown squamules up +to the oblique fugitive ring; sp. ----. + +[=Ambrosii=, Bres. P. convex, exp. dry, soft, floccosely-downy, +snow-white, edge append.; g. white; s. even above ring, floccose below, +white; ring inferior, torn, deciduous, sp. 4-5 × 2.5. + +[=cingulata=, Fr. P. thin umb. greyish brown, squamosely fibrillose; g. +greyish white; s. even, ring median. + +[=scruposa=, Paulet. P. exp. glabrous, rough with contorted ridges, +subfuscous; g. sinuato-adnate; s. solid, equal, rooting, ring firm, +narrow. + +[=albosericea=, Brig. White. P. exp. broadly umb., even; g. crowded; s. +silky, base tuberous, ring remote, fugacious. + +=constricta=, Fr. All white. P. 3-5 cm. obtuse, dry, glabrous, silky; g. +emarginate, adnexed, or almost free; s. 3-6 cm. solid, fibrillose or +squamulose, ring apical, narrow; sp. + +Much stouter than _A. subcava_. + +[=verrucipes=, Fr. Pure white. P. glabrous; s. with brown warts up to +annular zone, ring absent; g. sinuato-adnate. + + ** _Gills narrowed behind, more or less decurrent, with no sinus._ + +[=imperialis=, Fr. P. brown with darker scales; g. deeply decurrent; +ring double, sp. 12-14 × 5. + +[=Laschii=, Fr. P. fawn colour, even, glabrous, thin ring erect; g. +crowded, white. + +[=tumescens=, Viv. P. exp. even, glabrous, whitish; g. adnate, pale +ochre, then tinged red; s. solid, stout, narrowed from the base, +whitish, ring fugacious. + +[=rhadigosa=, Fr. P. depr. moist, whitish with brownish adpressed scales +at disc; g. decur., broad, white; s. short, equal, ring reflexed. + +=mellea=, Vahl. P. 5-12 cm. soon expanded, yellowish-brown, squamulose, +margin striate; g. slightly decurrent; s. 8-12 cm. floccose up to +spreading ring, base honey-colour; sp. 9 × 5-6. + +Mycelium forming long black strands. A destructive parasite. + +=denigrata=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. obtuse, dark brown, rather viscid, spotted +with droplike depressions, and with elevated warts, margin even; g. +rather decurrent; s. 4-5 cm. solid tinged brown, ring disappearing; sp. +----. + +[=morio=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. irreg. cracked, viscid, greyish brown then +rufescent; g. adnate; s. solid, fibrous, ring narrow. + +[=Viviani=, Fr. P. convex, glabrous, dark bay then whitish; g. adnate, +pale fawn; s. elongated, white, ring narrow. + +[=griseofusca=, D. C. P. convex, even, glabrous, brownish grey, discoid; +g. decur.; s. equal, glabrous, ring persistent. + +[=pleurotoides=, Fr. P. subexcentric, ring toothed; s. whitish with a +flesh-coloured tint. + +=citri=, Inz. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, subumb., even, yellow; g. adnate; +s. 5-7 cm., slender, ring spreading; sp. subgl. 5 × 4. + +=subcava=, Schum. P. 3-4 cm. white, umbo brownish, striate to middle; g. +decurrent; s. equal, hollow upwards, 4-5 cm., even up to torn ring, +punctate above, white; sp. ----. + +Differs from _A. constricta_ by longer thinner stem, and striate pileus. + +=haematites=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, liver-coloured; g. +adnato-decurrent; s. 3-5 cm. coloured like pileus up to ring, whitish +above; sp. 8 × 5. + + *** _Gills adnate without a sinus._ + +[=laqueata=, Fr. White. P. 3-4 cm. hemispherical, obtuse, viscid when +moist, smooth; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. solid, squamulose or fibrillose +below the ring, base tinged brown; sp. ----. + +=mucida=, Schrad. P. 4-8 cm. soon expanded, white or grey, rugulose, +glutinous; g. striately decurrent; s. 5-12 cm. base thickened, ring +apical, striate, tumid; sp. 15-16 × 8-9. + +=Jasonis=, Cke. and Mass. P. 3-5 cm., camp. then expanded, umb., yellow, +disc tawny, papillate; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. coloured like pileus, +squamulose up to torn ring; sp. 8 × 5 µ. + +[=fracida=, Fr. Smell rancid. P. convex, obtuse, even, spotted, +brownish-olive; g. becoming free, white; s. base narrowed, squamulose, +smooth above the spreading torn ring. + +[=pinetorum=, Gill. P. exp. umb. granular, pale or yellowish white, +covered with reddish squamules; g. sinuato-decur., pallid; s. colour of +p., squamulose up to spreading ring which is also squamulose outside. + + +TRICHOLOMA, Fr. + + A. _Pileus viscid, scaly, or villose._ + + I. LIMACINA. _Pileus viscid when moist, innately fibrillose or + squamulose, but not broken up._ + + * _Gills not changing colour, not becoming rufescent._ + +=equestre=, Linn. P. 7-12 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, squamulose, yellow or +tinged green; g. sulphur yellow; s. 4-7 cm. yellow; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=coryphaeum=, Fr. P. 8-15 cm. soon exp. viscid, yellowish with darker +squamules; g. white, edge yellow; s. solid, obclavate; sp. subglobose, +5-6. + +_T. equestre_ differs in having gills entirely yellow, and _T. +sejunctum_ in its pure white gills. + +=sejunctum=, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. expanded, yellow with brown streaks, +viscid; g. pure white; s. 8-12 cm. white, apex squamulose; sp. subgl. +5-6. + +=portentosum=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. viscid, sooty often with purple tinge, +viscid, streaked with dark lines; g. white, very broad; s. 7-8 cm. +whitish, glabrous; sp. subgl. 4-5 × 4. + +=fucatum=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. soon plane, viscid, dingy yellow with darker +stains; g. white or tinged yellow; s. 5-7 cm. fibro-squamulose, whitish; +sp. ----. + +=quinquepartitum=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. viscid, even, glabrous, pale +yellowish; g. broad, white; s. 7-10 cm. white, striate, glabrous; sp. +5-6 × 3-4. + +Differs from _T. portentosum_ in p. not being virgate, and from _T. +fucatum_ in glabrous striate stem. + +=resplendens=, Fr. White. P. 5-9 cm. expanded, viscid, even, glabrous, +shining when dry, margin straight; g. very emarginate; s. 5-7 cm., +solid, apex flocculose; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +Differs from _T. spermaticum_ in solid stem. + +=spermaticum=, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, viscid, wavy, glabrous, +shining when dry, margin at first incurved; g. margin eroded; s. 5-9 cm. +twisted; sp. ----. + + ** _Gills becoming discoloured, usually spotted with brownish-red._ + +=colossus=, Fr. P. 12-20 cm. expanded, margin at first incurved, dull +red or reddish umber, glabrous then squamulose, flesh very thick, +reddish when broken; g. broad, reddish; s. 7-10 cm. stout, apex +constricted, solid, reddish; sp. 6 × 4. + +[=aurata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow then rufescent; g. yellow; +s. solid, fibrillose, yellow. + +=nictitans=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid, +yellowish; g. yellow; s. 7-8 cm. solid, yellow, apex squamulose; sp. 7-8 +× 5. + +Differs from _T. flavobrunneum_ in squamulose apex of stem. + +=fulvellum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. viscid, even, yellowish tan disc darker +and wrinkled; g. white then tinged rufescent; s. 4-6 cm. fibrillose, +apex naked, white tinged rufous; sp. subgl. 4-5. + +=flavobrunneum=, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. soon exp. viscid, bay, +virgate-squamulose, flesh yellow then tinged rufous; g. pale yellow; s. +7-12 cm. ventricose, hollow, brownish, flesh yellow, viscid at first; +sp. 6-7 × 4-5. + +=albobrunneum=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. obtuse, viscid, brown, streaked with +fibrils, disc papillose; g. broad, whitish; s. 3-5 cm. equal, rufescent, +solid, flesh white; sp. 4-6 × 3-5. + +=irregulare=, Karst. P. convex then exp. very irreg. rather viscid, +fibrillosely virgate, pale, tinged tawny rufous; g. white then reddish +or spotted; s. equal, curved, white, apex flocculose. Smell strong. + +Differs from _T. albobrunneum_ in paler, irreg. p. and smell. + +[=Salero=, Barla. Smell strong, mealy. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid when +moist, satiny when dry, chestnut; g. white then reddish; s. cylindrical, +white and squamulose at apex, fibrillose and reddish at middle; flesh +white, reddish when broken, very bitter. + +=ustale=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. then nearly plane, even, glabrous, +disc rugulose bay; g. white tinged brown later, decur. tooth; s. 5-8 cm. +equal, somewhat rooting, apex naked, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=pessundatum=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, wavy, glabrous, viscid, bay or +rufescent, granular or spotted; g. almost free, white then tinged +rufous; s. 5-8 cm. white, floccosely squamulose; sp. 5 × 2.5. + +=stans=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. exp. viscid, rufescent, even, flesh red under +cuticle; g. crowded, spotted reddish; s. 5-8 cm. whitish, squamulose; +sp. 5-6 × 4. + +=russula=, Schaeff. P. 6-8 cm. exp. viscid, rosy red, granulated; g. +subdecurrent; s. 3-5 cm. rosy, apex squamulose; sp. 10 × 5. + +=frumentaceum=, Bull. P. 5-10 cm. exp. viscid, glabrous, pallid, +streaked or stained reddish; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm. solid, fibrillose, +white, variegated red; sp. 5 × 3.5. + + II. GENUINA. _Pellicle not viscid, torn into scales, or + fibrillose._ + + * _Gills not changing colour, neither spotted with rufous nor + black._ + +=rutilans=, Schaeff. P. 6-14 cm. exp. coated with purplish down, flesh +yellow; g. yellow, edge downy, orange; s. 5-8 cm. yellow with purple +squamules; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +=variegatum=, Scop. P. 5-10 cm. exp. yellow with purplish squamules; g. +pale yellow, edge entire not darker coloured; s. 5-8 cm. pale yellow, +more or less variegated with red; sp. 5-7 × 4-5. + +Differs from _T. rutilans_ in edge of gills. + +[=albofimbriatum=, Trog. P. exp. obtusely umb. fibrillose, scaly towards +edge, brownish; g. sinuate, closely crowded, yellow then rufescent, edge +white-fimbriate; s. yellow-rufescent. + +[=aestuans=, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. with fugacious longitudinal +fibrils, yellow-rufescent; g. very broad, yellow then pallid; s. equal, +glabrous, striate. + +=centurio=, Kalchb. P. campan. strongly umb. edge incurved then +spreading and wavy, fuscous then livid; g. deeply emarginate, almost +free, pallid; s. ventricose, stout, white. + +=luridum=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. rather wavy, dry, glabrous, then torn +into livid squamules, yellowish-grey; g. broad, crowded; s. 5-8 cm. +glabrous, white; sp. 5-6 × 3-4. + +Differs from _T. saponaceum_ in persistently white flesh. + +=guttatum=, Schaeff. P. 5-12 cm. exp. cinnamon or with a pink tinge, +dry, granulose or floccose, margin remotely sulcate; g. with decurrent +line down stem, crowded; s. 5-8 cm., white, mealy; sp. ----. + +Differs from _T. tigrinum_ in white gills and sulcate margin of pileus. + +[=goniospermum=, Bres. P. fleshy, compact, hemispher. tinged fuscous or +livid yellowish; g. much crowded, smoky-grey or lilac then yellowish; s. +solid, whitish or lilac above, base brownish; sp. more or less cruciform +rarely subtriangular, 8-10 × 5-7. + +[=psammopodium=, Kalchb. P. obtuse or subumb. dry, with scattered +fibrillose squamules, dusky cinnamon then tawny; g. yellowish; s. +ventricose, colour of p. with darker squamules downwards. + +[=impolitum=, Lasch. P. exp. flocculose, then broken into scales and +subdepr.; g. crowded; s. solid, fibrillose, floccosely scaly above. + +=columbetta=, Fr. White, here and there spotted with red. P. 5-10 cm. +dry, glabrous then fibrillose; g. subserrulate; s. 6-10 cm. stout, +solid, striate; sp. 6-7 × 4-5. + +=scalpturatum=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. conical then exp. dingy, tomentose then +broken up into rufous or umber scales; g. white then yellowish; s. 5-9 +cm. whitish, fibrillose; sp. 6-7 × 3.5. + +var. _argyraceum_, Bull. Slender; p. silvery grey. + +var. _chrysites_, Jungh. Pale, p. and g. becoming yellowish. + +var. _virescens_, Wharton. Yellow-green when bruised. + +These are forms rather than varieties. + + ** _Gills rufous or greyish; edge usually spotted with rufous or + black._ + +=imbricatum=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, rufous umber, innately +squamulose, margin involute and downy at first; g. sinuate, crowded; s. +8-12 cm. solid, paler than p. apex white-pulverulent; sp. 6 × 4. + +=vaccinum=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umb. dry, rufous, squamulose, margin at +first involute and downy; g. almost adnate; s. 7-10 cm. hollow, +fibrillose, brownish; sp. subg. 6-7. + +Differs from _T. imbricatum_ in hollow stem and reddish flesh. + +[=polyphyllum=, D. C. P. obtuse, irreg. with adpressed fibrillose +scales; rufous umber; g. white then tinged red; s. solid, white, +squamulose, apex striate. + +=immundum=, Berk. P. 5-9 cm. greyish, silky-squamulose, stained, margin +incurved; g. greyish pink, separating readily from flesh; s. 4-6 cm. +greyish, fibrillose; sp. subg. 4-5. Every part blackish when bruised. + +=inodermeum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. acute then umb. rufous brown, fibrillose +and with radiating scales; g. free, ventricose, white, spotted red when +bruised; s. 7-8 cm. fibrous, white with rufous tinge, apex powdered +white; s. 7-8 × 4. + +[=furvum=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. wavy, dry, brownish, fibrillosely +striate; g. entire, white then greyish; s. solid, fibrillose. + +[=unguentatum=, Fr. P. exp. umb. grey, viscid, floccosely-squamulose; g. +very broad, crowded, whitish; s. white, solid, fibrillose. + +[=gausapatum=, Fr. P. bullate, obtuse, wavy, covered with dense +superficial fibrils, edge at first incurved and with white wool; g. +adnate, grey; s. solid, white, fibrillose. + +=terreum=, Schaeff. P. 5-8 cm. exp. umb. bluish grey with minute +squamules; g. greyish, sinuate; s. whitish, fibrillose; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +var. _orirubens_, Q. Edge of g. reddish. + +var. _atrosquamosum_, Chev. P. grey with small black scales, g. whitish. + +var. _argyraceum_, Bull. Entirely pure white, or p. greyish. + +var. _chrysites_, Jungh. P. tinged yellowish or greenish. + +[=squarrulosum=, Bres. P. convex then exp. umb. dry, fuscous then lurid +tan, centre black, with black squamules, edge fibrillose, exceeding +gills; g. broad, crowded, whitish grey, reddish when bruised; s. colour +of p. punctato-squamulose; sp. 7-9 × 4-5. + +[=triste=, Fr. P. conic then exp. umb. fuscous, fibrillosely scaly; g. +white then greyish; s. fistulose, slender, floccose. + + III. RIGIDA. _Pellicle rigid, punctato-granulate, or broken up into + glabrous fragments when dry._ + + * _Gills white or pallid, not rufous or grey spotted._ + +=macrorhizum=, Lasch. Smell strong. P. 10-20 cm. exp. ochraceous, darker +and cracked when old; g. almost free; s. 5-10 cm. stout, ochraceous, +rooting, solid, ventricose; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +[=compactum=, Fr. P. soon plane, even, dry, glabrous, livid grey, +compact; g. yellow; s. solid, white. + +=saponaceum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. obtuse, dry, livid, tinged +olive, glabrous then often squamulose or punctate, flesh reddish; g. +pallid with greenish tinge; s. 5-10 cm. whitish, somewhat rooting; sp. 5 +× 4. + +var. _atrovirens_, P. thin, wavy, obscure green with crowded black +squamules. + +[=Boudieri=, Barla. P. exp. even, dry, satiny maroon or vinous with +coppery tint, then sooty brown with deeper granules at centre; g. tinged +green then ochre; s. subcylindrical, rather unequal, fibrillose, whitish +tinged red, then brownish-fawn; flesh white then reddish. + +Differs from _Trich. saponaceum_ in the copper coloured p. + +[=miculatum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, granulated then cracked, +umber; g. subadnate; s. solid, fibrillosely floccose. + +=cartilagineum=, Bull. P. 5-9 cm. soon exp. and wavy, margin +persistently incurved, blackish, then broken up into small black spots; +g. crowded then greyish; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, pure white; sp. ----. + +=tenuiceps=, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm., flesh very thin, obtuse, dry, +granular, dusky brown; g. narrowed in front, white; st. 5-8 cm. +ochraceous white, everywhere granular, base abrupt with cord-like +mycelium; sp. subgl. 6-7. + +=loricatum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-5 cm. tough, convex, wavy, rather +viscid, brown, cuticle thick, tough, separable; g. almost free, pallid; +s. 5-7 cm. tough, often twisted, brownish red; sp. ----. + +=atrocinereum=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. soon plane, grey, prominent disc +darker, often cracked; g. crowded, hyaline; s. 5-7 cm. cylindrical, +stuffed, glabrous, apex naked, whitish; sp. ----. + +=cuneifolium=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. soon plane, dry, brown, +glabrous then squamulose; g. crowded, white, broad and obliquely +truncate in front; s. 2.5 cm. hollow, narrowed at base, pallid, apex +mealy; sp. subgl. 3-5. + +Differs from _T. atrocinereum_ in hollow stem. + + ** _Gills discoloured, with rufous or grey, spotted._ + +=crassifolium=, Berk. Smell strong. P. 5-10 cm. exp. wavy, flesh thin, +umb. ochraceous, disc darker; g. nearly free, becoming yellowish, thick; +s. solid, paler than p., pruinose; sp. ----. + +[=geminum=, Fr. Stout, compact. P. obtuse, rufous cinnamon, velvety then +rimose; g. crowded; s. solid, floccose. + +=sudum=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, dry, greyish brown, glabrous, disc +often squamulose; g. deeply emarginate, white then tinged rufous; s. 6-8 +cm. solid, pallid, fibrillosely-squamulose, striate; sp. 6-7 × 3.5. + +=tumidum=, P. Smell slight. P. 6-8 cm. bullate, deformed then exp. and +wavy, livid grey, spotted, somewhat shining, cracking; g. white then +grey with rufous tinge; s. 7-9 cm. stout, tumid, striate, white, +rooting; sp. 6 × 4. + +var. _Keithii_, Phil. and Plowr. P. rufous grey; s. dingy white, tinged +red near base. + +=murinaceum=, Bull. Smell strong. P. 5-10 cm. exp. sometimes subumb. +grey, silky, cracking into squamules; g. deeply sinuate, broad, grey; s. +grey with darker squamules; sp. ----. + +[=bisontinum=, Roll. P. pulvinate, cuticle thick, brown with greenish +tinge, virgate with minute adpr. fibrils; g. thick, grey, with flat, +transverse, more or less branched veins; s. solid, narrowed below, +fibrillosely striate, with minute dark granules above, pale; 10-12 × 6. + +=hordum=, F. P. exp. subumb. grey, dry, glabrous then breaking up into +squarrose scales; g. rather distant, becoming greyish; s. 6-8 cm. +whitish, glabrous; sp. + +=virgatum=, Fr. P. rigid, 5-9 cm. exp. umb. very dry, greyish, virgate +with radiating blackish lines; umb. often broken up into squamules; g. +broadly emarginate, becoming greyish, crowded; s. 7-9 cm. striate, +glabrous, whitish; sp. 6-8 × 5-6. + +The only dry sp. with a virgate pileus. + +[=dissultans=, Karst. P. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, acutely umb. very +dry, hoary with dense subreticulately interwoven superficial fibrils, +grey; g. hoary; s. hollow, equal, white, loosely fibrillose, apex +pruinose; sp. 5-6 × 4. + +[=elytroides=, Scop. P. exp. obt. scabrid, disc floccosely scurfy, grey; +g. broad, grey; s. with dense fibrils directed upwards. + +[=opicum=, Fr. P. umb. even, soon squamulose, greyish as is also the +flesh; g. arcuato-adfixed, hoary; s. stuffed, equal, almost glabrous. + + IV. SERICELLA. _Pileus at first silky, soon glabrous, quite dry._ + + * _Gills broad, thickish, rather distant._ + +=sulphureum=, Fr. Strong smelling. Entirely sulphur yellow or p. tinged +rufous. P. 3-8 cm. subumb. silky, even; g. distant; s. 5-10 cm. striate, +same colour inside; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +=bufonium=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. soon plane, subumb. silky, soon glabrous, +rugulose, opaque, purplish brown, umber, or tan; g. yellowish-tan then +pallid; s. 5-7 cm. flocculose, coloured like p.; sp. subgl. 4-5. + +=lascivum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 4-5 cm. exp. and subdepressed, even, +silky then glabrous, tan colour then pallid; g. arcuately adnexed, +crowded, white; s. 4-6 cm. solid, rigid, tomentose, whitish, apex mealy, +rooting; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +var. _robustum_, Cke. Robust. P. whitish, silky; smell weak or none. + +=interveniens=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, depr. silky then glabrous, +rugulose near edge, tan then pale; g. arcuato-adnex. crowded, pallid; s. +solid, equal, rooting, fibrillose, pallid; sp. 6-7 × 2-2.5. + +=inamoenum=, Fr. Foetid. White. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umb. silky then +glabrous, even; g. arcuato-adnexed, crowded; s. 7-10 cm. equal, solid, +rooting; sp. 9-10 × 6-7. + +The only white, foetid _Tricholoma_. + + ** _Gills thin, crowded, narrow._ + +=cerinum=, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. exp. obtuse or depressed, even, dry, almost +glabrous, wax-yellow or brown; g. crowded, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, +fibrillosely striate, yellowish, base darker; sp. ----. + +[=chrysenterum=, Bull. Entirely yellowish outside and inside. P. fleshy, +convexo-plane, obsoletely umb. silky then almost glabrous; g. free, +crowded, narrow; s. solid, base with white wool. + +[=stiparophyllum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. silky then glabrous, +yellowish white; g. crowded, white; s. hollow, white, glabrous, apex +mealy. + +[=cerinum=, Pers. P. exp. depr. almost glabrous, waxy yellow or +fuscescent; g. crowded, yellow; s. stuffed, fibrillosely striate, base +glabrous, often brownish. + +[=onychinum=, Fr. P. exp. subumb. dingy purple or brown, margin silky; +g. yellow, crowded; s. pallid, apex reddish. + +=ionides=, Bull. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, umb. even, dingy violet then +pale; g. crowded, white, edge irreg.; s. 3-4 cm. elastic, fibrillose, +coloured like p.; sp. 6-7 × 3.5. + +Differs from _T. humile_ and _T. sordidum_ in white gills. + +var. _parvum_, Lasch. P. reddish brown. + +var. _persicolor_, Fr. P. convexo-plane, peach-colour, then pale; g. +sinuate, white; s. paler than p. + +=carneum=, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. fragile, exp. obtuse, glabrous, +persistently reddish flesh colour; gills pure white; s. 2-2.5 cm. +coloured like pileus, not fading; sp. 3 × 2. + +[=carneolum=, Fr. Small. P. plano-depr. obtuse, even, flesh-red then +pale; g. closely crowded, very broad behind, shining white. + +=caelatum=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. persistently umbilicate glabrous, brown +then greyish, becoming cracked; g. crowded; s. 2.5 cm. glabrous, brown; +sp. 8 × 5. + + B. _Pileus even, glabrous, neither villose, scaly nor viscid._ + + V. GUTTATA. _Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, with drop-like markings; + stem solid._ + + * _Gills not discoloured._ + +=gambosum=, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. flesh thick, exp. and wavy, glabrous, +spotted, pallid tan, margin incurved and downy at first; g. crowded, +ventricose; s. 5-7 cm. stout, flocculose at apex, white; sp. 13-14 × +8-9. Edible. + +[=Georgii=, Clus. P. exp. rather wavy, dry, flocculosely soft, +ochraceous, edge even, naked, ochraceous; g. linear, transversely +striate, whitish; s. solid, stout, fibrillose. Edible. + +=albellum=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conical then exp. gibbous, whitish, pallid, +greyish when dry, mottled with spots, margin naked; g. crowded, broadest +in front; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid, white; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=boreale=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. irreg. subumb. glabrous, rivulose when dry, +margin even, naked, flesh-colour becoming pale; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm. +solid, elastic, base narrowed, whitish; sp. subg. 4-5. + + ** _Gills discoloured, rufescent or smoky._ + +=amethystinum=, Scop. P. 3-5 cm. exp. wavy, glabrous, livid and spotted +with bluish patches; g. crowded, white then rufescent; s. 3-5 cm. solid, +narrowed at base, paler than p.; sp. ----. + +[=graveolens=, Fr. P. compact, obt. glabrous, margin even, rivulose when +dry, dusky brown; g. white then fuliginous; s. solid, firm, fibrillose. + +=tigrinum=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. exp. often wavy, glabrous, margin invol. +pale brown or greyish with brown spots; g. crowded, narrow, white then +greyish; s. 2-3 cm. and nearly as thick, solid, white, pruinose; sp. +subgl. 8. + +Differs from _T. guttatum_ in glabrous pileus with an even margin. + +[=leucophaeatum=, Karst. (= _Coll. leucophaeatus_, Fr.). P. +convexo-plane, broadly and obtusely umb. pallid grey; with thin hoary +tomentum; g. crowded, whitish then dingy, broadest behind; s. equal, +often curved, pallid, base strigose; sp. ----. + +=pes-caprae=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conical then exp. umb. unequal, greyish +brown, glabrous; g. broad, greyish white; s. 6-7 cm. naked, white; sp. 8 +× 5. + +var. _multiforme_, Schaeff. P. irreg., caespitose, smaller than type. + + VI. SPONGIOSA. _Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse, even, glabrous, + not hygrophanous._ + + * _Gills not discoloured._ + +=Schumacheri=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, livid grey, even, moist, edge +beyond gills incurved; g. narrow, crowded, pure white; s. 6-8 cm. white, +solid, fibrillosely-striate; sp. ----. + +[=amicus=, Fr. P. fuscous; g. distant, white; s. bulbous, solid, white. + +=patulum=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. plane, obtuse, wavy, even, glabrous, pale grey +or pallid; g. sides veined, pallid; s. elastic, equal, glabrous, 5-8 +cm.; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=circumtectum=, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. dry, obt. or subumb. wavy, +margin incurved, downy, greenish olive then tan; g. white; s. 3-4 cm. +whitish, striate, base pointed; sp. subgl. 4-5. + +[=maluvium=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, glabrous, greenish; g. +rounded, crowded, pallid; s. solid, firm, elastic. + +[=conglobatum=, Vit. Densely clustered. P. unequal, even, edge thin, +inflexed, somewhat pruinose, blackish fuscous; g. free; s. stems solid, +ventricose, subtomentose, springing densely from a common tuber. + +=arcuatum=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. brownish white then tan, exp. margin +incurved, glabrous, flesh-coloured; g. arcuate, crowded, white; s. 4-6 +cm. solid, fibrilloso-squamulose, pale brown, base darker, bulbous; sp. +----. + +Differs from _T. panaeolum_ in having white gills, and from _T. +melaleucum_ in having coloured flesh. + +var. _cognatum_, Bull. Larger. Gilvous outside and inside or dingy tan; +p. obtuse, discoid; g. tan. + +_oreinum_, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, glabrous, fuscous, even; +g. rounded, free, white; s. solid, short, 2-3 cm. whitish, apex white +squamulose; sp. ----. + +Separated from _T. humile_ by the gills projecting beyond the margin of +pileus. + +=album=, Schaeff. Entirely white, taste acrid. P. 6-9 cm. convex then +depr. even, glabrous, dry, disc sometimes tinged yellow; g. rather +crowded; s. 6-8 cm. narrowed upwards, solid, elastic; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +var. _caesariatum_, Fr. P. white or yellowish, exp. fibrillosely silky, +then glabrous; s. slender, fragile, apex rather mealy; g. nearly free. + +[=lentum=, Post. Entirely white not becoming spotted. P. convex, +unpolished and at first rather velvety, disc tinged pallid when old; g. +sinuate or subdecurr.; s. base narrowed, apex usually longitudinally +costate; sp. 7.5-10 × 4.5-7. + +[=raphanicum=, Karst. Smell very strong, like radishes. P. convex, often +gibbous, white, disc tinged tan; g. white; s. rooting, flocculose above; +sp. glob. 3-4. + +=leucocephalum=, Fr. Pure white, smell mealy. P. 3-4 cm. plane, even, +moist, glabrous after silky veil has gone; g. crowded; s. 5-6 cm. +hollow, smooth, cartilaginous, tough, rooting; sp. 9-10 × 7-8. + +_T. album_ differs in having no smell, and _T. inamoenum_ in strong +disagreeable smell and very broad gills. + + ** _Gills discoloured._ + +=acerbum=, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. expanded, margin at first involute, sulcate +and rugulose, viscid, whitish then tinged rufous; g. narrow rufescent; +s. 5-8 cm. pale, apex squamulose; sp. subg. 5-6. + +=militare=, Lasch. Smell and taste unpleasant. P. 8-15 cm. convex, +gibbous, margin even, viscid, cinnamon; g. white, torn, then spotted; s. +7-11 cm. solid, squamulose, pallid, base subbulbous; sp. ----. + +Differs from _T. civile_ in strong smell and spotted gills. + +=civile=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. soft, soon exp. glabrous, moist, pale yellow +brown, cuticle separable; g. crowded, white then yellowish; s. 5-8 cm. +solid, soft, fragile, fibrillosely squamulose, whitish; sp. ----. + +=duracinum=, Cke. P. 5-8 cm. convex, gibbous, even, dry, shining, grey +with olive tinge; g. arcuate, grey; s. 4-6 cm. reticulately squamulose +above, striate below, greyish white; sp. ----. + +[=irinum=, Fr. P. spongy-compact, convex then plane, moist, obsoletely +innately virgate, flesh-colour then pale, edge even, pruinose; crowded, +narrow, quite entire, greyish then lurid; s. solid, subbulbous, +reticulately fibrillose. + +=personatum=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. regular, obtuse, even, glabrous, margin +invol. and downy, tan or with a lilac tinge; g. rounded-free, crowded, +broad, violet then dingy; s. 5-7 cm. solid, stout, dingy purple, +villose; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +Flesh of stem white. In _T. nudum_ tinted violet. + +=saevum=, Gillet. P. 6-9 cm. convex then plane, buff, margin naked, +flesh thick; g. crowded, narrow, pallid; s. 2-3 cm. long, 2 cm. or more +thick, purple, slightly squamulose; sp. 7 × 5. + +Differs from _T. personatum_ in the short, stout, squamulose stem, and +absence of purple tint on gills. + +[=glaucocanum=, Bres. P. rather soft, convex, exp. glabrous, edge +involute subflocculosely pruinose, glaucous-grey; g. closely crowded, +greyish violet, easily separating; s. solid, fibrillosely striate, apex +subsquamulose, base bulbous, colour of p.; sp. 6 × 3. + +=nudum=, Bull. Whole fungus violet at first. P. 5-8 cm. soon exp. often +wavy, flesh thin; g. narrow, becoming rufescent; s. 5-8 cm. equal, +elastic, rather mealy; sp. 7 × 3.5. + +Flesh of stem tinted violet. In _T. personatum_ white. + +[=violaceonitens=, Bagl. P. convex, umb. dusky violet, shining, edge +wavy, rugulosely sulcate; g. crowded, dingy white; s. solid, stout, base +narrowed, colour of p. + +=cinerascens=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. convex, even, glabrous, white then +greyish; g. dingy, easily separating from flesh; s. 4-6 cm. solid, +equal, glabrous; sp. ----. + +=panaeolum=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. convex then almost plane, dusky grey with a +grey bloom, often spotted; g. grey with rufous tinge; s. 3-5 cm. solid, +fibrous-striate, greyish; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +var. _calceolum_, Sterb. P. spongy, deformed, thin, soft, exp. edge +incurved, sooty-grey or reddish-grey; g. smoky; s. excentric, fusiform, +very short. + +=cnista=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, pale tan or whitish, +margin incurved, naked, even; g. white, veined, reddish when bruised; s. +3-5 cm. solid, glabrous, white; sp. 9-10 × 4. + +Differs from _T. panaeolum_ in p. not becoming grey. + +=fallax=, Peck. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, yellow, disc darker, even; g. +becoming yellowish; s. 2.5 cm. yellow, hollow; sp. 4-5 × 3. + + VII. HYGROPHANA. _Pileus thin, subumbonate, hygrophanous._ + + * _Gills whitish, not spotted._ + +=melaleucum=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. blackish then +paler, glabrous; g. emarginate adnexed, white; s. 5-8 cm. equal, +elastic, whitish with dark fibrils; sp. 10 × 4-5. + +_Coll. stridula_ much resembles this sp. but has a brownish stem. _T. +arcuatum_ has flesh tinged brown. _T. oreinum_ has apex of stem +squamulose. + +var. _adstringens_, Pers. P. exp. pitch black and rather shining when +dry; g. tinged pink; s. naked. + +var. _polioleucum_, Fr. P. obtusely umb. livid then grey; s. apex +white-pruinose. + +var. _porphyroleucum_, Bull. P. fleshy, umbo disappearing, sooty or +fuscous-rufescent; s. solid, subfibrillose; g. white. + +[=microcephalum=, Karst. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, livid-sooty then +pale; g. much crowded, soft, white; s. tall, 9-12 cm. splitting easily +into fibres, pallid, glabrous; sp. subg. 5-6 × 5. + +[=turritum=, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. moist, obscure purple, somewhat +spotted; g. soon free, white; s. stuffed then hollow, white with dusky +fibrils. + +=grammopodium=, Bull. P. 7-12 cm. camp. conv. then depr. umb. glabrous, +ruddy then pallid; g. arcuato-adnate, crowded; s. 7-10 cm. stuffed, +coarsely striate, glabrous, pallid; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +[=strictipes=, Karst. P. soft, gibbous, plane or depr. white or +yellowish-white, centre often tinged; g. closely crowded, shining white, +entire; s. solid, equal, cylindrical, base usually thickened, straight, +white, glabrous; sp. 6-9 × 4-5. + +=brevipes=, Bull. P. 3-6 cm. brown then pale, glabrous, convex then +plane; g. crowded, tinged fuscous then pale; s. 2-2.5 cm. solid, rigid, +brown outside and inside; sp. 7 × 4. + +=humile=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. umb. then convex or depressed, even, +glabrous; g. crowded, ventricose; s. 3-5, greyish white, villosely +pulverulent, stuffed; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +Differs from _T. brevipes_ in pale stem and tufted habit. + +=exsiccum=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. then umb. greyish brown then hoary; g. +crowded, narrow, pure white; s. 2-3 cm. solid, glabrous, rather shining; +sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=subpulverulentum=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. greyish white, pulverulent, convex +then depr. even, extreme edge persistently incurved; g. crowded, narrow, +white; s. 3-4 cm. solid, whitish, slightly striate; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=persicinum=, Fr. P. obtuse, even, glabrous, flesh-colour then pale; s. +cartilaginous, glabrous; g. arcuate, white. + +[=Juranum=, Q. Obtuse, rufous then pale, white-floccose, margin +crenulate, mealy; g. white, crowded; s. solid, white, apex mealy. + + ** _Gills violet, grey or smoky._ + +[=urbum=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. brownish black with bluish tinge, subumb., +margin straight; g. densely crowded, like flesh, bluish white; s. +incurved, fibrillose, bulbous. + +=sordidum=, Fr. P. 2.5-7 cm. plano-depr. subumb. glabrous, brownish +lilac then dusky; g. rounded, dingy violet then dusky; s. 4-5 cm. +coloured like p. fibrillosely striate, slightly curved as a rule; sp. +7-8 × 3-4, minutely rugulose. + +Differs from _T. nudum_ in being smaller, tougher, and hygrophanous. + +var. _Feuilleauboisii_, Lucand and Quel. The broadly gibbous p. and s. +dark umber; g. deep violet. + +=paedidum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon depr. round conical umbo, smoky grey, +somewhat streaked; g. crowded, adnexed, narrow, white then greyish; s. +2-3 cm. dingy grey, slightly striate base thickened; sp. 10-11 × 5-6. + +Differs from _T. sordidum_ in having no trace of violet colour; _T. +lixivium_ differs in the free truncate gills. + +=lixivium=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. greyish brown, soon plane and umb. margin +expanded, membranaceous, striate; g. truncato-free, grey; s. 5-6 cm. +grey, whitish floccose, often flexuous; sp. 7 × 4-5. + +[=rasile=, Fr. Soft. P. campan.-exp. umb. fibroso-virgate, undulate, +fuliginous; g. connected by veins, greyish-umber, edge white floccose; +s. equal, fibrillose. + +[=favillarum=, Fr. P. exp. depr. round umbo, even, glabrous, moist, edge +spreading, even, whitish when dry; g. closely crowded, greyish. + +=putidum=, Fr. Smell strong, rancid. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, soft, olive +grey, hoary when dry; g. adnexed, crowded, grey; s. 2-3 cm. greyish, +pruinose; sp. 8-10 × 3-5. + +_Coll. rancida_ differs in glabrous, rooting stem. + +[=hospitans=, Fr. Shining white, campan. obtuse, even, edge straight, +adpressed to stem at first; g. free, very ventricose; s. solid, fibrous, +glabrous, apex pruinose. + +Resembling a _Mycena_ but s. solid and fibrous. + + +RUSSULA, Fr. + + I. Taste mild. + + * _Gills ochraceous_ (not clear yellow). + +=alutacea=, Fr. P. 4-10 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red, dark purple, disc +becoming pale, at length striate and tuberculose at margin, flesh white; +g. broad, rather distant, ochre, naked; s. 4-5 cm. white or tinged red; +sp. 7-9. + +Differs from _R. integra_ in gills not being powdery. + +=integra=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red or greenish, margin at +length sulcate and tuberculose, flesh white; g. broad, yellow, powdered +with the ochre spores; s. 4-5 cm. even, ventricose, white; sp. 9-10. + +var. _alba_, Cke. Whole fungus except gills creamy white. + +=xerampelina=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. compact, exp. then depr., dry, rosy +purple sometimes tinged olive, disc paler, cracked into granules, flesh +tinged yellow; g. forked, white then ochre; s. 4-7 cm. clavate, white, +more or less tinged red; sp. 8-10 × 6-7. + +Differs from _R. integra_ by narrow gills not powdered with the spores. + +=nauseosa=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. viscid, plane then depr., +purple or lilac, disc darker, coarsely striate; g. rather distant, +ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slightly striate, white; sp. 8-9. + +_R. nitida_ differs in the yellow, shining gills. + +var. _flavida_, Cke. P. primrose yellow. + +=vitellina=, Fr. Strong scented. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, yellow, edge +tuberculose, striate; g. saffron ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slender, white; sp. +7-8. + +Differs from _R. lutea_ in strong smell and tuberculose margin. + +var. _major_, Cke. Similar to type, but larger. + +=lilacea=, Q. P. 4-7 cm. exp. depr., viscid, violet becoming pallid; g. +white, broad; s. 4-6 cm. fragile, white or base tinted rose; sp. 7-8. + +=ochracea=, Fr. Every part inside and outside ochraceous. P. 5-7 cm. +viscid, coarsely striate; g. broad; s. 2-3 cm. wrinkled; sp. 10-12. + +_R. fellea_ differs in bitter taste. + +=lutea=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. plano-depr. viscid, yellow becoming pale; g. +connected by veins, egg-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. even, white; sp. 8-10 × 7-8. + +Differs from _R. vitellina_ by even margin of p. and absence of smell. + +=elegans=, Bresad. P. 4-7 cm. convex then depr., tuberculose and striate +with age, rosy, yellowish towards margin, densely granular everywhere; +g. ochraceous orange; s. 3-5 cm. white; sp. 8-10. + +Differs from _R. vesca_ in granular, rosy pileus. + +=armeniaca=, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. soon depr., peach colour, margin even; g. +deep ochraceous; s. 4-5 cm. white, hollow; sp. 10 × 8. + +[=ravida=, Fr. P. depr. wavy and more or less lobed, brownish grey then +yellowish, opaque, edge even, flesh grey; g. broad, ochre; s. pallid, +brown striate. + +=xanthophaea=, Boud. P. depr., edge sulcate and tuberculose, brownish +bay; gills clear ochre; s. white; taste mild. + +Differs from _R. pectinata_ in ochre gills and mild taste, and from _R. +ravida_ in pectinate and tuberculose margin. + + ** _Gills yellow, without an ochraceous tinge._ + +=coerulea=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp., polished, edge even, bluish +or bluish purple; g. adnate, pale yellow; s. 4-5 cm. white; sp. 10-12. + +Much the appearance of _R. cyanoxantha_, differs in crowded yellow +gills. + +=nitida=, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 3-5 cm. plane or slightly depr., +viscid, purplish-bay, reddish, &c., shining, edge striate; g. sulphur +yellow, naked; s. 5-7 cm. white then pallid; sp. 8-10 × 6-8. + +_R. nauseosa_ differs in ochre, powdered gills. + +var. _cuprea_, Cke. P. copper colour. + +=aurata=, Fr. P. rigid, 4-7 cm. plane, yellow, orange or reddish, disc +darker, margin striate, flesh yellow under the viscid cuticle; g. broad, +edge lemon yellow; s. 4-7 cm. white or yellow; sp. 8-10. + +=decolorans=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then exp., regular, viscid, orange +red then yellowish, margin becoming striate; flesh turning grey; g. +yellowish; s. 6-9 cm. white then grey, especially inside; sp. 7-9. + +Differs from _R. depallens_ in the long s., and the yellow gills. + +=punctata=, Gillet. P. 3-5 cm. convex then plane, viscid, rosy, +punctate with brown warts, striate; g. yellowish, edge often reddish; s. +2-3 cm. coloured like p. base whitish; sp. 8-9. + +var. _leucopus_, Cke. Stem white. + +=olivacea=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convex then plane or depr., margin even, +minutely silky squamulose, purple with olive tinge, or brownish olive; +g. broad, yellow; s. 5-8 cm. pale rose; sp. 9-10. + +Differs from _R. rubra_ in deeper yellow colour of g. and unpolished p. +and mild taste. + +=Linnaei=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane then depr., polished, edge even, blood +red or dark rose; g. adnato-decur. yellowish; s. 3-6 cm. blood red; sp. +----. + +=chamaeleontina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. plane or subdepr., slightly viscid, +edge becoming slightly striate, rose red, purplish lilac, &c., then +yellowish; g. closely crowded, plane, yellow; s. 3-6 cm. white; sp. 7-8. + +=puellaris=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. almost membranaceous, conico-convex then +exp., tuberculose striate to the middle, purplish livid then yellowish, +disc brown; g. pale yellow, naked; s. 2-3 cm. yellowish white, soon +hollow; sp. 10 × 8-9. + +P. not shining as in _R. nitida_. + +var. _intensior_, Cke. P. deep purple, blackish at disc. + +var. _roseipes_, Secr. S. sprinkled with rosy meal. + +[=bona=, Schwalb. P. often irreg., lilac, centre pallid or obscure, +velvety; g. adnexed, pale yellow then pale egg-yellow; s. unequal, often +curved, white, hollow; taste mild; 8-10. + +[=grisea=, Fr. P. exp. depr., polished, grey or olive, disc purplish, +edge even, flesh under cuticle violet; g. adnate, white then yellow s. +even, polished, white. + + *** _Gills white or creamy white._ + + + _Pileus white or cream colour_ (often becoming blackish when + old). + +=virginea=, Cke. and Mass. Persistently pure white. P. 4-5 cm. soon +exp., viscid, polished when dry; g. subdecur., narrow, repeatedly +forked, veined; s. 4-5 cm. solid, rugulose; sp. 4-5. + +=semicrema=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. persistently white, edge involute, even, +glabrous; g. decur. crowded, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, becoming blackish; +sp. 8-9. + +Differs from _R. adusta_ and _R. densifolia_ in persistently white +p.--flesh also--and g., and from _R. delica_ in flesh of stem becoming +blackish. + +=lactea=, Fr. Entirely white or pallid. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse, even, +unpolished then minutely cracked; g. free, thick, distant; s. 2-4 cm. +solid, stout; sp. 7-9. + +var. _incarnata_, Q. P. white tinged rose, then pale tan. + +=nigricans=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umbilicato-depr. whitish, soon +sooty-olive, flesh white, reddish when broken; g. rounded, very thick +and distant; s. 3-6 cm. stout, solid, pallid then black; sp. 8-9. Every +part black when old. + +=adusta=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. depr. white then brownish, at length +scorched; g. thin, crowded, pallid; s. 3-5 cm. solid, pallid then dusky +grey; sp. 8-9. + +Differs from _R. nigricans_ in much closer gills, and in flesh not +changing to red. + +=densifolia=, Gillet. P. 3-9 cm. convex then depr. white then brownish, +flesh red when broken; g. thin, crowded, pallid; s. 3-5 cm. slightly +mealy, white then grey, at length blackish; sp. 7-8. + +Differs from _R. adusta_ in flesh turning red, and from _R. nigricans_ +in crowded gills. + +=delica=, Fr. White. P. 8-14 cm. exp. umbil. polished, edge incurved, +even, glabrous; g. decur. thin, distant, white; s. 3-5 cm. solid, +compact; sp. 8-10 × 6-7. + +This species has been confounded with _R. chloroides_, Bres. (= _R. +delica_, Mass. Fung. Fl. III, 53, _Lact. exsuccus_, Otto, &c.) but +differs in polished pileus, pure white gills, &c. + +=chloroides=, Bresad. (= _Lact. exsuccus_, Otto; _Agaricus chloroides_, +Krombh.; _Russula delica_, Mass, &c. not of Cooke). P. 8-12 cm. depr. +edge involute, whitish, pubescent, flesh thick, white; g. decurrent, +white with a tinge of green, connected by veins, forked; s. 3-5 cm. +stout, white, tomentose, sometimes with a pale green zone at apex; sp. +8-9. + +Differs from _R. delica_ in pubescent pileus and stem, and green tinted +gills. + + ++ _Pileus clear yellow._ + +=citrina=, Gillet. P. 4-6 cm. slightly viscid, convex then depr.; g. +broadest in front, forked, white; s. 4-7 cm. white, solid, slightly +rugulose; sp. 7-8. + +=fingibilis=, Britz. P. 4-5 cm. exp. depr. even, slightly viscid; g. +almost free, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, becoming hollow; sp. 7-9. + + +++ _Pileus greenish or olive._ + +=olivascens=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. umbil. olive disc becoming yellowish, +edge even; g. white then tinged yellow; s. 2-4 cm. stout, firm, even; +sp. 9-10. + +=heterophylla=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. even, polished, greenish, +yellow-brown, &c., disc becoming ochre, flesh white; g. very narrow, +closely crowded; s. 2-3 cm. solid, white; sp. 7-8. + +var. _galachroa_, Fr. P. milky white then greenish. + +Differs from _R. cyanoxantha_ in very narrow, crowded gills. + +[=smaragdina=, Q. P. thin, viscid, somewhat zoned, clear green, edge +white; g. narrow, white; s. slender, pruinose, white; taste mild. + +=azurea=, Bres. P. 4-5 cm. exp. depr. pale glaucous green, with white +bloom; g. pale cream colour; s. 2-3 cm. white, rugulose; sp. 8-9. + +Differs from _R. cyanoxantha_ in white meal on the pileus. + +=virescens=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umbil. dingy opaque green, innately +flocculose, areolately cracked; g. rather crowded, forked; s. 4-6 cm. +stout, white; sp. 8-9. Edible. + +[=luteo-viridans=, C. Mart. P. convex then depr. then edge erect and +sulcate, pellicle viscid, separable, yellow with green or brown stains; +g. broad; s. reticulated, base narrowed. Acrid. + +var. _bicolor_, C. Mart. Disc of p. yellow, edge brown; g. dark ochre. + +var. _purpurea_, C. Mart. P. purple, disc yellow. + +=furcata=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, depr. sometimes subinfund. even, dark +lurid green, even, frosted with a white silkiness; g. adnato-decur. +thickish, forked; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even, white; sp. 7-8. + +var. _pictipes_, Cke. S. rosy at apex, greenish below. + +var. _ochroviridis_, Cke. Disc of p. olive or sooty, ochraceous towards +edge. + +=aeruginea=, Lindbl. P. 6-9 cm. exp. darker disc depr., verdigris green, +edge striate; g. narrow behind, slightly adnexed, pure white; s. 4-5 cm. +firm, even, persistently white; sp. 8-10. + + ++++ _Pileus red, brownish, purple, sometimes with green + intermingled._ + +=lepida=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. compact, depr. not polished, blood red, +becoming pale, minutely cracked into squamules; g. much forked; s. 3-5 +cm. even, white with rosy tinge; sp. 6-8. + +=atropurpurea=, Kromb. P. 6-8 cm. hard, convex then exp. depr. smooth, +even, deep blood red or purple red; g. adnate, white; s. 5-6 cm. white +or tinged red. + +Differs from _R. rubra_ in being quite mild. + +[=cerasina=, C. Mart. P. viscid, depr. subcyathiform, edge sulcate, +pellicle separable, cherry-red, disc yellow, flesh purple under cuticle; +g. adnato-decur. ochre; s. rugulose, white. Acrid. + +=cutefracta=, Cke. P. 6-12 cm. exp. depr. even, purple, dull red, etc., +cracking into areolae from edge towards disc; g. adnexed, crowded; s. +6-8 cm. solid, white with tinge of purple; sp. 7-10. + +=vesca=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. flesh colour, disc darker, viscid, +rugulose; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. solid, white, reticulately +wrinkled; sp. 9-10. + +var. _Duportii_, Phil. P. disc rufous, edge bluish, flesh reddish when +cut. Smells of crab. + +var. _lilacea_, Q. P. violet or purple, flesh violet under the cuticle. + +var. _Barlae_, Q. P. peach colour. + +=depallens=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. firm, undulate, viscid, reddish, crimson, +or brownish, disc paler at length; g. crowded, forked; s. 3-4 cm. base +narrowed, white then grey; sp. 7-8. + +Differs from _R. decolorans_ in having white gills. + +[=pallida=, Karst. Acrid. P. convex then exp. mostly undulate, rather +viscid, constantly pallid, here and there tinged rose, edge even; g. +white, edge sometimes sulphur; s. white, often curved; sp. 5-8. + +Differs from _Russula pallescens_ in being more robust and even margin +of p. + +=cyanoxantha=, Schaeff. P. 5-9 cm. globose then depr. or infundib. +viscid, lilac, purplish, olive green, &c., edge generally bluish; g. +broad, forked; s. 4-6 cm. even, white; sp. 8-9. + +=elephantina=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. convex, umbil. margin incurved, brownish +tan, wavy; g. obtusely adnate, arcuate, rather crowded, thin; s. firm, +white; sp. ----. + +Differs from _R. nigricans_ and _R. adusta_ in not turning black or red +when old. + +=mustelina=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. depr. edge upturned, even, opaque, brownish +or dingy yellowish, flesh persistently white; g. crowded, thin, +connected; s. 4-5 cm. even, white; sp. 7-8. + + II. Taste acrid. + + * _Gills yellow or ochraceous._ + + + _Pileus yellow or ochraceous._ + +=fellea=, Fr. Every part, outside and inside, pale ochraceous or straw +colour, very acrid. P. 3-7 cm. exp. not becoming pale; g. adnate; s. +even, 4-6 cm. + +Differs from _R. ochracea_ in being very acrid. + +=aurata=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, exp. polished, citrin or orange, +sometimes reddish, edge becoming striate, flesh under cuticle citrin; g. +broad, shining citrin; s. 5-8 cm. white tinged yellow; sp. ----. + +[=rhytipes=, Fr. Foetid. P. depr. dry, yellowish, blotched purple or +olive, corrugated, flesh sulphur yellow; g. broad, yellow, edge darker; +s. conical, reticulately rugose, greyish purple. + +No account of mild or acrid taste is given, hence its position is +uncertain. Has points in common with _R. aurata_. + +=claroflava=, Grove. P. 5-7 cm. bullate then plane, chrome yellow; g. +white, lemon yellow, then tinged ochre; s. 3-6 cm. white then grey or +blackish; sp. 8-9. + +Differs from _R. ochroleuca_ in bright yellow p. + + ++ _Pileus red or purple._ + +=rubra=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. rigid, convex exp. depr. dusky blood red or with +a tinge of purple, polished and even when dry; g. adnate whitish; s. 4-7 +cm. hard, white sometimes tinged red; sp. 8-10. + +Differs from _R. atropurpurea_ in very acrid taste. + +=drimeia=, Cke. (= _R. expallens_, Gil.). P. 5-9 cm. firm, exp. depr. +bright purple to rose colour; g. clear yellow; s. 4-8 cm. purple, paler +than p.; sp. 7-9. Intensely acrid. + +=veternosa=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plano-depr. rosy or flesh colour then pale, +slightly viscid; g. adnate, narrow, white then straw colour; s. 5-8 cm. +spongy then hollow, white; sp. 7-9. + +=maculata=, Q. P. 5-8 cm. thin, firm, exp. viscid, reddish flesh-colour, +then pale and blotched brownish; g. sulphur then peach colour; s. 3-4 +cm. white or tinged rose, then spotted ochre; sp. 9-10. + +Differs from _R. depallens_ in being smaller, acrid, and stem not grey. + +=serotina=, Q. P. 2-2.5 cm. globose then more or less exp. purple brown +or olive, edge lilac, with white bloom at first; g. almost free, white +then tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. white; sp. 8-9. + + ** _Gills white._ + + + _Pileus ochraceous or umber._ + +=ochroleuca=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. exp. depr. viscid at first, ochraceous then +pale, disc cracked into granules, margin almost even; g. rounded behind, +broad, subequal, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. soft, white then grey, reticulately +rugulose; sp. 8-9. + +Differs from _R. granulosa_ in stem becoming grey. + +=granulosa=, Cke. P. 4-7 cm. exp. often depr. viscid at first, +ochraceous, disc darker and granular; s. 4-7 cm. white, granular; g. +nearly free, white; sp. 11-12. + +Close to _R. ochroleuca_, differing in granular persistently white stem. + +=foetens=, Fr. Foetid. P. 7-12 cm. bullate, then exp. and depr. rigid, +viscid, edge at first incurved, tuberculato-sulcate, ochraceous then +pale; g. very unequal, forked, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. soon hollow, whitish; +sp. 8-10. + +[=foetida=, C. Mart. Smell foetid. P. viscid, sulcate, yellow-brown, +flesh under cuticle brown, rest white; g. forked near stem, white then +yellow; s. very fragile, hollow, white, often spotted red below. Mild. + +=consobrina=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. exp. depr. viscid, edge even, brown or dark +grey, flesh grey under the cuticle; g. forked, white; s. 4-6 cm. white +then grey; sp. 8-9 × 7. + +var. _sororia_, Fr. Edge of p. striate. + +=pectinata=, Fr. Smell nauseous. P. 5-7 cm. exp. then depr. or broadly +infundib., rigid, brownish tan then pale except disc, viscid, margin +sulcate, flesh yellowish under cuticle; g. attenuato-free, equal, white; +s. rigid, striate, white; sp. 8-9. + +Differs from _R. consobrina_, var. _sororia_ in tubercular sulcate edge, +and gills not connected by veins. + +[=intermedia=, Karst. Acrid. P. exp. depr. irreg. viscid, edge even, at +length sulcate and tuberculose, tawny, disc darker, discoloured; g. +white then yellowish; s. white. + +Near to _Russ. integra_, differs in taste and colour. + +=sardonia=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. plane, wavy, viscid, edge even, dingy yellow, +then pale; g. adnate, closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. +white often tinged red; sp. 9-10. + +Differs from _R. rosacea_ and _R. expallens_ in yellowish colour. + + ++ _Pileus red or purplish._ + +=emetica=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. depr. shining, rosy to blood red, then +pale or white, edge at length sulcate, flesh white, red under cuticle; +g. free, white; s. 4-7 cm. even, white or tinged red; sp. 7-8. +Poisonous. + +var. _Clusii_, Fr. Flesh and gills tinged yellow. + +=rosacea=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. unequal, viscid then dry and spotted, +rosy; edge acute, even; g. adnate, white; s. 3-5 cm. white or tinged +rose; sp. 7-8. + +Differs from _R. sanguinea_ in irregular, often excentric p. and broader +gills. + +=sanguinea=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. depr. or infundib. polished, blood-red +then pale, edge acute, even; g. decur. closely crowded, white; s. 4-7 +cm. striate, white or tinged red; sp. 9-10. + +_R. rubra_ differs in rigid p. and g. tinged yellow. + +=fragilis=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, fragile, exp. flesh colour or red, soon +pale, rather viscid, edge tubercular-striate; g. thin, crowded, +ventricose, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, polished; sp. 8-10 × 8. + +var. _nivea_, Cke. Entirely white. + +var. _violacea_, Q. P. violet, with narrow pale edge. + +var. _fallax_, Cke. Disc of p. very dark, rest pale reddish purple. + +=Queletii=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, viscid, dark violet, edge +slightly striate, lilac; g. white; s. 3-5 cm. purple; sp. 7-8. + +var. _purpurea_, Cke. (= _R. purpurea_, Gillet). Stem whitish, tinged +rosy at middle part; g. pale yellow. + + +MYCENA, Fr. + + I. CALODONTES. _Edge of gills denticulate, dark coloured._ + +=pelianthina=, Bolton. P. 1.5-3 cm. obtuse, hygr. purplish then pale; g. +broad, adnexed, purplish with darker fimbriated margin; s. 5-8 cm. +equal, pallid; sp. 7 × 4. + +=balanina=, B. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umb. pale yellowish brown, striate when +moist; g. adnate, separating, pinkish-white, edge purple; s. 6-8 cm. +tinged brown, squamulose above, brown and thin below. + +[=crenulata=, Schum. P. camp. umb. purplish-bay; g. adnexed, paler than +p., edge distinctly crenulated but scarcely darker; s. even, glabrous, +base narrowed. + +=mirabilis=, Cke. and Q. (= _Ag. marginellus_, Fr., non Pers.). P. 1-1.5 +cm. camp. pale bluish grey, umb. darker, then tan, finely striate; g. +whitish, edge darker with minute particles; s. greyish, minutely +floccose, rooting and tomentose at base; sp. ----. + +=aurantiomarginata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. subumb. even, brownish olive then +pale; g. adnexed, edge flocculent, orange; s. 2-4 cm. base ventricose +and strigose; sp. ----. + +=elegans=, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. umb. striate, brown or livid-yellow; g. +adnate, edge saffron; s. 4-5 cm. equal, livid; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +=olivaceomarginata=, Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. striate up to disc, honey +colour; g. adnexed, pallid, edge brownish olive; s. 3-4 cm. shining, +coloured like p.; sp. 6 × 4-5. + +[=avenacea=, Fr. P. camp. obt. fuscous then livid grey, slightly +striate; g. adnate, white, edge fuscous; s. even, glabrous, without +juice, base fibrillose. + +[=atromarginata=, Fr. P. exp. sulcate, viscid; g. white with a very +narrow black edge; s. tall, striate, glabrous. + +=rubromarginata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. camp. obtuse, striate, hygr. grey, +livid, reddish &c., paler; g. adnate, whitish, edge purple brown; s. 3-4 +cm. even, pallid; sp. ----. + +var. _fuscopurpurea_, Lasch. P. purple brown; g. edge eroded, brownish. + +[=luteorufescens=, Karst. P. campan. often oblique, striato-virgate, +yellowish fuscous, disc rufescent, opaque; g. distant, whitish glaucous; +s. yellowish, glabrous; sp. 8-13 × 7-9. + +[=viridimarginata=, Karst. P. campan. exp. umb. sulcate, glabrous, +brownish honey-colour, not hygr.; g. white then glaucous; s. rigid, +fragile, honey-colour then pale, not rooting; sp. 7-11 × 6-7. + +=strobilina=, Fr. Every part deep red. P. 1-1.5 cm. acutely umb. not +becoming pale; g. adnate edge dark blood red; s. 3-4 cm. rigid; sp. 8-10 +× 4. + +var. _coccinea_, Sow. Edge of g. not darker. + +Differs from _M. rosella_ in larger size, and in not becoming pale, +acute umbo, &c. + +=rosella=, Fr. Every part pale rose colour. P. 4-7 mm. obtusely umb. +striate, becoming pale; g. adnate, edge darker; s. 2-3 cm. slender; sp. +7-8 × 4. + +[=venustula=, Q. P. white, diaphanous, with rosy granules; g. few, +white, edge rosy; s. white, hyaline. + +=carneosanguinea=, Rea. P. 2.5-3 cm. livid grey, umbo rufous, even, +flesh becoming blood-red when broken; g. purplish-brown, edge dark +purple, denticulate; s. 4 cm. grey, base thickened; sp. 4-5 × 2-3. + +[=citrinomarginata=, Gill. P. campan. striate to apex, yellow; g. +distant, pale, edge citrin; s. thickened and downy at base, pale. + +[=fuscomarginata=, Godey. P. campan. even, pale tan then pallid; g. +pale, edge brownish or reddish-purple; s. bay, summit pale. + + II. ADONIDEAE. _Stem juiceless, gills all one colour, colour clear, + bright, not brownish or greyish._ + +=pura=, Pers. Smell like radishes. P. 3-6 cm. umb. margin striate, +lilac, reddish, &c., then pale; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad, +connected by veins, pale; s. 5-8 cm. even, pale or tinged like pileus; +sp. 6-8 × 3-3.5. + +_M. pelianthina_ differs in dark edged gills. + +_M. pseudopura_ and _M. zephira_ have no smell. + +_M. ianthina_ differs in persistently conical pileus. + +[=fimicola=, Karst. P. convex then plane, umb. or papillate, umb. +striate, glabrous, reddish ochre then tan; g. whitish then tan; s. +equal, wavy, tough, glabrous, rusty then bay; sp. 6-9 × 3-4. + +var. _multicolor_, Bres. P. clear greyish blue, umbo tawny, edge +striate; g. grey; s. rosy-purple, base yellowish, tomentose; sp. 7-9 × +4-5. + +=pseudopura=, Cke. P. 2 cm. exp. obtusely umb. vaguely striate, rosy +then pale; g. adnate, whitish; s. 4-6 cm. rigid, pallid rosy, brownish +when dry, naked; sp. 12 × 5. + +_M. pura_ differs in larger size of entire fungus, and smaller spores. + +_M. zephira_ differs in squamulose stem. + +=zephira=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. diaphanous, obtuse, striate to middle, reddish +or pinkish; g. adnate white; s. 4-6 cm. tinged pinkish rufescent, +squamulose, base cottony; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. pura_ in absence of smell. + +[=caesiolivida=, Bres. P. campan. exp. or revolute, subirreg. glabrous, +hygr. livid blue or grey then rosy livid; g. white then rosy, at length +livid flesh colour; s. short, greyish or bluish livid, base strigosely +rooting; 8-10 × 5.5-6. + +[=Renati=, Q. P. rosy lilac, disc brownish; g. white then tinged rosy; +s. pellucid, amber yellow. + +[=Seynii=, Q. P. vinous, shining; g. rosy lilac; s. fistulose, hyaline, +purplish, base hairy, white. + +[=punicella=, Fr. P. conical, obtuse, subviscid, scarlet, edge striate, +yellow; g. free, pallid; s. diaphanous, rooting, base dusky green, apex +yellowish. + +=flavipes=, Q. Tufted, smells like radishes. P. 1-2 cm. camp. obtuse, +rosy pink or lilac; g. adnexed, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. polished, yellow, +rooting; sp. 10 × 4-5. + +[=rubella=, Q. P. campan. striate, orange red; g. white then tinged +rosy; s. hyaline, apex rosy. + +=adonis=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conical then campan. rosy; g. uncinately +adnexed, narrow, white tinged pink; s. equal, white; sp. ----. + +[=chlorantha=, Fr. P. camp. obtuse, green; g. sinuato-adnexed, white; s. +short, glabrous, greenish. + +=lineata=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. obt. glabrous, everywhere finely striate, +tinged yellow or whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 4-5 cm. even, base downy; +sp. ----. + +=farrea=, Lasch. P. 2-2.5 cm. very thin, expanded, furfuraceous with +shining particles, pale, sulcate; g. adnate, snow-white; s. 6-7 cm. +silky, striate; sp. ----. + +Among moss and grass. The only known _Mycena_ with a furfuraceous +pileus. + +=luteoalba=, Bolton. P. 1-2 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. pale yellow; +g. adnate, broad, white; s. 3-5 cm. shining, glabrous, yellowish; sp. +----. + +=flavoalba=, Fr. P. 1-5 cm. exp. umb. often cracked at margin, yellowish +or white; g. soon free, distant; s. 2-3 cm. white, pellucid, apex +pruinose; sp. 6-8 × 3-4. + +_M. lactea_ differs in adnate gills and downy base of stem. + +_M. luteoalba_ has a yellowish stem. + +=lactea=, Pers. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. subumb. striate, even when dry; g. +adnate, narrow, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. toughish, not quite straight, +glabrous; sp. 7-8 × 3-4. + +Differs from _M. gypsea_ and _M. tenuis_ in scattered habit. + +var. _pithya_, Fr. Smaller, p. becoming almost plane; s. thin, base +bubillose, downy. + +forma _pulchella_, Fr. Milk-white; g. linear, ascending; s. attenuated. +Solitary. + +[=olida=, Bres. Smell very strong, rancid. P. thin, conico-campan. +obtuse, then exp. and umb. yellow soon pale straw; g. uncinato-decur. +connected by veins, white; s. hyaline, strigosely rooting; sp. 8-9 × 6. + +=gypsea=, Fr. Caespitose. Pure white, rarely with a yellow tinge. P. 1-2 +cm. conical then campan. striate up to umbo, glabrous; g. subuncinate; +s. 5-7 cm. straight, narrowed upwards from hairy base; sp. 8-9 × 4. + +[=nivea=, Q. Shining white. P. sulcate, diaphanous; g. uncinate; s. +pruinose, base rather swollen, fibrillose. + +[=galeropsis=, Fr. P. conico-camp. even, gilvous; g. free, whitish; s. +straight, narrowed upwards, fragile, not rooting, ferruginous below. + +[=nucida=, Brig. P. campan. obtuse, even, downy under a lens, deep +rust-colour, hygr.; g. free, white then rosy; s. silky shining, base +snow-white, apex mealy. + +[=Benzonii=, Fr. P. very thin, campan. exp. umbil. finely striate, +pallid or reddish; g. white; s. equal, glabrous, white. + +An introduced species. + +[=melanops=, West. P. convexo-camp. plicate, umbo blackish-brown; g. +adnexed to a collar; s. slender, glabrous base fibrillose. + +[=pruinatus=, Fr. Shining white. P. thin, conico-campan. papillate, edge +deflexed, sulcate, pruinose; g. crowded; s. bulbous, naked. + + III. RIGIDIPEDES. _Stem firm, rigid, rather tough, juiceless, base + strigosely rooting, gills discoloured, grey, reddish, &c., often + connected by veins._ + +=cohaerens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. camp. obtuse, tawny cinnamon, soft and +velvety; g. free, distant, very broad, pallid; s. 8-12 cm. horny, rigid, +even, shining, bay, base downy, rooting; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +[=raeborhiza=, Lasch. P. acute camp. exp. glabrous, striate, rather +tawny then pale; g. almost free, connected by veins; s. even, floccosely +pruinose, rooting, tinged tawny. + +=prolifera=, Sow. Caespitose. P. 1-2 cm. camp. then exp. subumb., margin +coarsely striate, yellowish tan; g. adnexed; s. 6-8 cm. glabrous, +shining, striate, brownish below, rooting; sp. ----. + +=excisa=, Lasch. (non Berk.). P. 2-3 cm. camp. then obtuse, greyish +fuscous or pallid; g. scarcely adnexed, narrowed behind, very broad in +front, pallid; s. 2-3 cm. tough, even, grey, rooting; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. polygramma_ in smooth stem. + +var. _fagetorum_, Fr. Slender. P. even, striate to middle, smoky or +livid then pale; g. joined to a collar; s. incurved at base, fixed to +leaves by down. + +=rugosa=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. camp. then exp. subumb. tough, irreg. radially +rugulose, greyish; g. arcuately adnate, white then tinged grey; s. 3-4 +cm. tough, even, glabrous, pallid; sp. ----. + +=sudora=, Fr. White. P. 2-3 cm. umb. striate, viscid; g. obtusely +adnate, sometimes tinged pink; st. 6-10 cm. even, dry, rooting; sp. +----. + +=galericulata=, Scop. P. 2-5 cm. conic camp. exp. striate up to umbo, +dry, brownish, livid, &c.; adnate with decurrent tooth, connected by +veins, pinkish when old; s. 5-8 cm. polished, even, glabrous; sp. 6-7 × +4. + +_M. rugosa_ differs from present sp. in having grey gills and rugulose +pileus. + +[=simillima=, Karsten. P. conico-campan. even, dry, glabrous, livid or +dingy pallid; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, white, very slightly tinged +rose; s. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting; sp. +----. + +Very near to _Mycena galericulata_, differing in being fragile and in +becoming pale. + +=polygramma=, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. conic camp. subumb. dry, striate, dark +grey or blackish-blue when young; g. pale pinkish-grey tinge; s. 7-12 +cm. rigid, tough, shining, longitudinally striate, strigosely rooting, +grey; sp. 11-12 × 6. + +Differs from _M. plicata_ in striate stem. + +[=inclinata=, Fr. P. camp. obtuse, striate to middle, everywhere +brownish; g. adnate, whitish, base grey; s. rigid, twisted, pruinosely +fibrillose, upwards interruptedly striate. + +=parabolica=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. oval then camp. striate to middle, disc +blackish-violet, margin paler, becoming pale; g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. +even, glabrous, base strigose, dark coloured; sp. 11-12 × 6. + +Differs from _M. galericulata_ in absence of decurrent tooth of gills, +also their pinkish colour. + +=tintinabulum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. tough, camp. even, bay, yellow brown, +pallid, &c., viscid when moist; g. adnate with a decurrent tooth, +crowded; s. 2-3 cm. even, glabrous, pallid, strigosely rooting; sp. 7-8 +× 5. + +Differs from _M. galericulata_ in short stem and even pileus. + +=Berkeleyi=, Mass. (= _excisa_, B.). P. 3-7 cm. camp. striate up to +umbo, hygr. dingy brown then paler; g. broadly sinuate with decurrent +tooth, tinged flesh colour; s. 7-12 cm. long, purplish brown, base +rooting; sp. 5 × 3.5. + +[=laevigata=, Lasch. Constantly white. P. hemispher.-exp. obtuse, even +when dry; g. with decur. tooth, crowded, distinct, joined to a collar; +s. even, glabrous, lubricous, base strigose. + +Requires to be carefully distinguished from white forms of _M. +galericulata_ and _M. rugosa_. S. lubricous when moist, not viscid. + +[=lasiosperma=, Bres. Caespitose. P. thin, conico-campan. exp. umb. edge +then upturned, rather viscid, striate to umbo, livid grey with a grey +bloom at first; g. sinuato-unc. connected by veins, whitish then grey; +s. pallid above, chestnut and white-pruinose below; sp. globose, +aculeate, 6-7. + + IV. FRAGILIPEDES. _Stem fragile, dry, juiceless. Pileus + hygrophanous. Gills often discoloured._ + +=atroalba=, Bolton. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, disc blackish or fuscous, +whitish towards striate margin; g. free, crowded, glaucous; s. 6-10 cm. +pallid, apex darker, base swollen, strigose; sp. ----. + +=dissiliens=, Fr. Smell strong, very fragile, conico-camp. obtuse, +greyish-brown then pale, grooved to middle; g. broadest in front, base +tinged grey; s. 4-5 cm. subincurved, slightly striate, dusky grey, base +strigose; sp. ----. + +When compressed the stem splits into pieces which curl outwards +elastically. + +=atrocyanea=, Batsch. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex-camp. sulcate, dark brown then +blue-grey, powdered with white meal, deformed umbo obtuse; g. adnexed, +whitish; s. 3-4 cm. slender, glabrous, blackish-blue; sp. ----. + +=pullata=, B. and Cke. Smell slightly nitrous. P. 1.5-2 cm. dark brown, +disc blackish, obtusely umb. striate to middle; g. white; s. 5-6 cm. +coloured like pileus, rooting; sp. 6 × 3. + +_M. leucogala_ and _M. galopoda_ differ in white milk in stem. + +_M. atrocyanea_ differs in dark blue tinge of p. and s. + +[=cinerella=, Karst. Smell very strong of meal. P. campan. entirely +striate, grey or greyish-pallid; g. broadly adnato-decur. greyish-white; +s. greyish-white, base fibrillose, not rooting; sp. ----. + +=psammicola=, B. and Br. Smell strong. P. 4-6 mm. hemispherical, brown, +paler towards striate margin, sprinkled with minute particles; g. +adnexed, sinuate; s. 1.5-2 cm. umber, paler upwards, everywhere +pulverulent; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. paupercula_ in pulverulent stem and pileus. + +=paupercula=, B. Smell strong. P. 2-4 mm. conical, exp. pale ochraceous, +minutely fibrillose; g. free, whitish; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, whitish, +rooting; sp. ----. + +=leptocephala=, Pers. Smell strong, solitary, entirely grey. P. 2-2.5 +cm. umb. sulcate, pruinose, opaque; g. emarginate; s. 4-5 cm. slightly +striate, opaque, dry; sp. ----. + +=alcalina=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. camp. obtuse, naked, deeply +striate when moist, shining when dry, pallid or tinged yellowish-green; +g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. yellowish, viscid, glabrous, shining, base +villose; sp. 8 × 5. + +=ammoniaca=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2 cm. conico-exp. umb. naked, +discoid, opaque, dark brown or greyish, striate at paler margin; g. +adnate; s. even, glabrous, rooting, pallid, 4-5 cm.; sp. ----. + +_M. alcalina_ differs in tufted habit, viscid stem with yellow tinge of +colour. + +=metata=, Fr. Smell weak, alkaline, soft. P. obt. striate, hygr. +grey--rarely yellowish or pinkish--even, opaque, and whitish when dry; +g. adnate, not connected by veins, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even, +glabrous, base fibrillose; sp. ----. + +=cinerea=, Mass. and Crossl. Entirely grey, smell strong, like radishes. +P. 1.5-2 cm. subgibbous, exp. pale, silky and even when dry; g. adnate; +s. 5-7 cm. glabrous, downy and white at base; sp. 8 × 5; cystidia +fusiform. + +_M. leptocephala_ differs in sulcate p., and _M. metata_ in white gills. +_M. plumbea_ has no smell. + +=plicosa=, Fr. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. plicato-sulcate, greyish brown, opaque +when dry; g. thick, distant, veined, grey; s. 3-4 cm. polished, greyish; +sp. globose, 4-5. + +[=subplicosa=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, with distant grooves, almost +plicate, glabrous, grey then pallid; g. adnate, whitish; s. rigid, +shining, hyaline or livid, base strigose not rooting; sp. 6-8 × 3-5. + +=consimilis=, Cke. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. camp. grey, umbo darker, striate to +middle, margin upturned and splitting; g. adnexed, grey; s. 2.5-3.5 cm. +dry, smooth, paler than p.; sp. ----. + +More or less resembling several species. _M. leptocephala_ and _M. +metata_ differ in strong smell. _M. peltata_ in orbicular plane pileus. +_M. rugosa_ differs in rugose pileus. + +=peltata=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. orbicular, soon plane, disc fleshy, blackish +brown then grey, margin striate; g. with decurrent tooth, grey; s. 3-4 +cm. even, glabrous, base downy; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. pelliculosa_ in absence of viscid pellicle. + +=aetites=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. camp.-convex, coarsely striate, hygr. broad +obtuse umbo prominent, brownish; g. uncinate, thin, connected by veins; +s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, shining subcompressed; sp. ----. + +=stannea=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. hygr. grey, even, and tin colour with a +silky sheen when dry; g. with decurrent tooth, connected by veins, +greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. even, shining, often compressed; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. vitrea_ in decurrent tooth to gills. + +=vitrea=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. livid brown, finely striate all over, no +trace of umbo or fleshy disc; g. adnate, not connected by veins; s. 6-9 +cm. slightly striate, polished, pale, base fibrillose; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. aetites_ and _M. stanneus_ in gills not having a +decurrent tooth and not connected by veins. + +=tenuis=, Bolton. White, tufted. P. 1-1.5 cm. brittle, camp. obtuse, +then exp. striate; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. thin, pellucid, glabrous; sp. +----. + +_M. gypsea_ differs in decurrent tooth of gills, and strigose base of +stem. + + V. FILIPEDES. _Stem very slender, flaccid, rooting, dry, juiceless. + Gills discoloured, edge paler._ + +=filopes=, Bull. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. then exp. striate, livid grey; g. +free, white; s. 6-8 cm. flaccid, glabrous, rooting, base downy; sp. +----. + +=iris=, B. P. 1-2 cm. exp. obtuse, slightly viscid, striate, blue when +young, then brownish with blue fibrils; g. free, tinged grey; s. 3-6 cm. +bluish below, tinged brown above, with scattered fascicles of down; sp. +----. + +=amicta=, Fr. P. up to 1 cm. conico-camp. greyish, striate to middle, +dry, glabrous; g. free, grey; s. 6-10 cm. filiform, tough, +downy-pulverulent; sp. ----. + +=plumbea=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then flattened, obtuse, sulcate, lead +colour powdered with white meal; g. adnate horizontal, grey; s. 6-8 cm. +elongated, pulverulent, grey, apex hyaline, base strigose, fragile; sp. +----. + +[=ianthina=, Fr. P. conical, striate all over, glabrous, lilac; g. +broadest in front, greyish-white; s. attenuated, flaccid, glabrous, +slightly striate, brownish lilac. + +Differs from _P. pura_ in persistently conical pileus. + +=urania=, Fr. P. camp. then convex, dark violet when young, then blue +becoming pale; g. uncinato-adnate, white; s. flaccid, even, glabrous, +base rather rooting, floccose. + +=debilis=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp.-convex, striate, whitish or livid then +brownish, opaque, rugulose when dry; g. broadly adnate; s. 3-5 cm. +flaccid, base fibrillose not rooting; sp. ----. + +[=lasiosperma=, Bres. P. striate, grey, umbo darker; g. greyish white; +s. white, pruinose, base brownish, strigosely rooting; sp. globose, +aculeate. + +=vitilis=, Fr. P. 4-7 mm. conical then exp. papillate, deeply striate +when moist, brownish or greyish then pale; g. narrowed and adnate, +greyish white; s. 6-14 cm. livid, flexile, rooting; sp. ----. + +Var. _amsegetes_, Secr. P. conico-campan. everywhere striate; g. not +connected by veins, edge entire; s. thicker, short. + +[=latebricola=, Karst. P. campan. then plano-convex, disc depr. striate, +livid, fuscescent when dry; g. adnato-decurr., whitish; s. filiform, +tough, glabrous, pallid, root strigose; sp. ----. + +[=canescens=, Weinm. P. hemispher. then plane, subumbil., white then +tinged grey; g. adnate, greyish; s. filiform, sooty grey, base +fibrillose. + +=collariata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, subumb. striate, brownish or +greyish then pale; g. adnate to a collar, whitish then tinged pink; s. +2-3 cm. pale, polished, tough; sp. ----. + +[=cimmeria=, Fr. P. convex, slightly striate, dry, yellowish brown; g. +adnexed, saffron yellow, edge white; s. glabrous, fibrillosely rooting. + +[=cladophylla=, Lév. P. camp.-convex, wavy, glabrous, greyish white, +shining; g. adnate, branched; s. naked, white, base brownish. + +[=epiphloea=, Fr. P. persistently acutely conical, papillate, everywhere +striate, whitish, apex tinged brown; g. free, ventricose, distant; s. +diaphanous, pallid. + +[=supina=, Fr. Small. P. obtuse, striate; g. almost free, ventricose, +white; s. short, incurved, tough, glabrous, white. + +=speirea=, Fr. P. 1 cm. convex, dark disc becoming depr. greyish with +brown lines; g. plane then decurrent, shining white; s. 3-4 cm. tough, +polished, fibrillosely rooting; sp. ----. + +=tenella=, Fr. Tufted. P. up to 1 cm. obtuse, whitish, pellucid, margin +striatulate; g. uncinate, white then pink; s. 2 cm. glabrous, base +downy; sp. ----. + +Caespitose. Altogether white or livid-rosy. Pileus exceedingly delicate. + +=acicula=, Schaeff. P. 2-3 mm. camp., orange red, margin striate; g. +yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellowish, base rooting; sp. ----. + +Pileus at first subumbonate. Gills subovate, almost free, yellow then +pale. + + VI. LACTIPEDES. _Gills and rooting stem dry, giving out milk when + broken._ + +=haematopoda=, Pers. Caespitose. P. 2-4 cm. camp. obtuse, edge +denticulate, reddish disc darker; g. adnate, whitish, edge the same; s. +4-5 cm. reddish, white pulverulent, containing dusky red juice. + +=cruenta=, Fr. P. 1 cm. conico-camp. margin striate, edge entire, +reddish; g. adnate, entirely white; s. 4-7 cm. containing dusky red +juice; sp. + +=sanguinolenta=, A. and S. P. 1 cm. convexo-camp. striate, reddish, edge +darker; s. 3-5 cm. reddish with dark red juice; sp. ----. + +=crocata=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-camp. umb. reddish; g. white; s. +7-12 cm. narrowed, downy rooting, containing saffron-red juice; sp. +----. + +=chelidonia=, Sow. P. 1 cm. camp. then obtuse, nearly even, pinkish with +yellow tinge; g. adnate, tinged yellow; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, rooting, +often compr. with yellow juice; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +=galopoda=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. umb. striate sooty or greyish; g. +glaucous; s. slender, pallid, fibrillosely rooting, containing white +milk; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +_M. leucogala_ differs in the grey gills. + +=leucogala=, Cke. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. umb. sulcate, sooty or purple +brown; g. adnate, grey; s. 4-7 cm. dark with whitish down at base, +containing a large quantity of white milk; sp. ----. + +_M. pullata_ and _M. atrocyanea_ differ in having no milk. + + VII. GLUTINIPEDES. _Stem juiceless, viscid or glutinous._ + +=epiterygia=, Scop. P. 1-2.5 cm. camp. then exp. striate with a +separable viscid pellicle, greyish or greenish yellow; g. adnate; s. 5-9 +cm. tough, glabrous, viscid, rooting, yellowish; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +Resembling _M. alcalina_, but no smell. + +=clavicularis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. striate, dry, not pelliculose, disc +becoming depr. brownish, yellowish or pale; g. adnate, white; s. 4-5 cm. +glabrous, viscid, whitish, base fibrillose; sp. ----. + +=pelliculosa=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, obtuse, finely striate, viscid +pellicle separable, grey or brownish; g. rather fold-like; s. 3-4 cm. +glabrous, viscid, livid; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. vulgaris_ in separable cuticle. + +=vulgaris=, Pers. P. 5-8 mm. convex then depr. with central papilla, +viscid brownish or grey with darker lines; g. decur. white; s. viscid, +pale, fibrillosely rooting; sp. 5 × 2.5. + +=citrinella=, Pers. P. 3-6 mm. viscid, camp. then exp. umb. yellow; g. +uncinate, white; s. 2 cm. tough, viscid, yellow; sp. 6-8 × 4-5. + +=plicato-crenata=, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical, subumb. coarsely plicate, edge +crenate, pale yellow; g. white; s. 3-5 cm. viscid, tinged red or +brownish, inside yellow; sp. ----. + +=rorida=, Fr. P. up to 1 cm. convex, umbil. sulcate, dry, pale ochre; +g. subdecur. white; s. 3-4 cm. whitish, very glutinous; sp. ----. + + VIII. BASIPEDES. _Stem dry, base expanded into an orbicular disc or + bubillose and strigose_. + +=stylobates=, Pers. White. P. 2-3 mm. obtuse, striate, subpilose; g. +free; s. 3-4 cm. filiform, glabrous, inserted on a plane, orbicular, +downy, striate disc; sp. 4 × 2. + +[=dilatata=, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, edge slightly striate; +g. sublinear, connected into a collar; s. filiform, base orbicular, +convex, glabrous. + +var. _clavicularis_. P. greyish, disc subrotund. + +=tenerrima=, B. White. P. 2-3 mm. convex, scurfy; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. +minutely hairy below, fixed by a minute downy disc; sp. subgl. 3-4. + +=discopoda=, Lév. White. P. 2-3 mm. conical, obtuse, with white meal; g. +adnate, distant; s. 2-3 mm. mealy, expanding at base into a minute downy +disc; sp. ----. + +=saccharifera=, B. & Br. Whitish. P. 2-3 mm. convex; g. arcuately decur. +dusted with shining particles; s. 3-4 mm. filiform, minute disc fixed by +filaments; sp. ----. + +var. _eclectica_, Buck. White. P. sulcate, and like gills and stem, +sparkling with granules. + +[=mammillata=, Pass. P. conico-campan. mammilate, sulcate, glabrous, +shining white then greyish; g. adnate, broad; s. floccose below, base +ending in a flat orbicular disc. + +[=mucor=, Batsch. Minute, fugacious. P. plicate, grey; g. adnate, +distant, greyish white; s. hyaline, white, inserted in an orbicular +disc. + +[=echinipes=, Lasch. Minute, white. P. camp. hyaline, striate; g. thick, +distant; s. thickish, glabrous, base slightly bulbous, hairy. + +=pterigena=, Fr. Pale rose colour. P. 1-2 mm. camp. obtuse; g. adnate, +broad, distant; s. 4-6 mm. thin, wavy, smooth, ending in a radially +strigose disc; sp. ----. + +[=trachelina=, Fr. P. brown, fibrillose; g. adnate, broad +floccoso-fimbriate; s. villosely squamulose, bulbillose, strigosely +rooting. + +[=cyanorhiza=, Q. P. striate, greyish white; g. broad, whitish; s. +greyish white, base somewhat swollen, hairy, blue. + + IX. INSITITIAE. _Stem very slender, not rooting nor attached by a + disc but penetrating the substratum abruptly. Gills adnate._ + +=corticola=, Fr. P. 3-6 mm. obtuse, umbil. sulcate, blackish, brown, +grey, &c.; g. adnate, broad; s. 1.5 cm. slender, incurved, minutely +scurfy; sp. ----. + +=hiemalis=, Osbeck. P. 4-7 mm. camp. umb. striate, pinkish, rufescent, +white, &c., often pruinose; g. narrow; s. 2-3 cm. curved, base downy; +sp. 7-8 × 3. + +Differs from _M. corticola_ in narrow gills, and striate not sulcate +pileus. + +=codoniceps=, Cke. P. 2-3 mm. high and 1.5 mm. broad, pale umber, not +exp. sulcate, delicately hairy; g. adnate; s. 4-7 mm. umber below; sp. 5 +× 2.5. + +=setosa=, Sow. White. P. 1 mm. obtuse, smooth, g. almost free; s. 2-3 +cm. slender, covered with delicate spreading hairs; sp. ----. + +=capillaris=, Fr. White. P. 2 mm. camp. obtuse, then umbil.; g. adnate, +few; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. hair-like, wavy, glabrous; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +[=stipularis=, Fr. Very minute and delicate. P. convex subumbil. rosy, +as are also the gills; s. downy, yellowish. + +=juncicola=, Fr. P. 2-3 mm. striate, glabrous, rufescent or rosy; g. +adnate, distant; s. 1-1.5 cm. glabrous, fuscous; sp. ----. + + +COLLYBIA, Fr. + + A. _Gills white or clear coloured, not grey; flesh white._ + + I. STRIAEPEDES. _Stem stout, hollow or loosely stuffed, sulcate or + fibrillosely striate._ + + * _Gills white, rather distant._ + +=radicata=, Relh. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, rugose, viscid, brownish +ochre; g. distant, white; s. 10-18 cm. attenuated upwards, glabrous, +rooting; 14-15 × 8-9. + +=longipes=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. dry, minutely velvety, pale +brown; s. 8-12 cm. velvety, with a rooting base, brownish; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. velutipes_ in dry, velvety pileus. + +=veluticeps=, Rea. P. 3-6 cm. velvety, tawny; g. sinnato-adnate, deep +ochre; st. 4-7 cm. fusiform, striate, slightly velvety, with +rhizomorphic mycelium; sp. 7-8 × 3-4. + +Caespitose. + +[=elevata=, Weinm. P. tough, exp. subfibrillose, umbo evanescent, +greyish white, shining, floccosely scaly; g. shining white then dingy; +s. long, striate, abruptly rooting. + +=platyphylla=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. exp. obtuse, moist, fibrillosely virgate, +brown or greyish; g. truncate behind, white; s. 7-10 cm. striate, +pallid, base abrupt, with cord-like strands of mycelium; sp. 9-10 × 6. + +var. _repens_, Ach. P. depr.; s. hollow, compr. apex pruinose, +rhizomorphic mycelium copious, anastomosing. + +=semitalis=, Fr. P. 3-8 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, sooty or livid +ochraceous, pale when dry; g. white, blackish when bruised, finally +obscure; s. 2-4 cm. fibrillose, with a thin cartilaginous cuticle, +brownish or grey; sp. 7-9 × 4-5. + +[=lentiniformis=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umbil. or depr. irreg. even, +glabrous, rufescent; g. almost free, crowded, white then spotted black; +s. apex thickened and silky, whitish, blackish when bruised; sp. 10-11 × +4-6. + +Resembling _Lentinus cochleatus_ in form and colour. + +[=concolor=, Del. White then tan. P. umboniform then exp. even, rarely +scaly; g. adnexed, pallescent; s. solid, equal, glabrous. + +[=loripes=, Fr. Caespitose. P. exp. flexuose, lax, yellowish rufous, +even, glabrous; g. white then sulphur yellow; s. pallid, flexuous, +fibrillosely striate. + +[=aerina=, Q. P. flexuous, tomentose, coppery olive; g. distant, yellow; +s. striate, orange yellow. + +=fusipes=, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbo at length disappearing, rufous or +dingy tan, often cracked; g. adnexed, white then dingy; s. 7-10 cm. +ventricose, grooved, rooting, glabrous, cartilaginous; sp. 5-6 × 3-4. + +Tufted. Edible. + +var. _oedematopa_, Schaeff. Subcaespitose, p. conical then flattened, +rufous bay; g. pallid; s. ventricose, fibrillosely pulverulent. + +var. _contorta_, Bull. Caespitoso-connate, pileus and twisted stem +thinner; g. crowded, white. + +=lancipes=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. umb. radiately rugulose, margin striate, +pale flesh colour then pallid; g. connected by veins, tinged flesh +colour; s. 4-6 cm. striate, narrowed towards rooting base; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. fusipes_ in rugulose pileus, and in growing singly. + +=mimica=, W. G. Sm. Smell strong, fishy. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, with +separable cuticle, dingy ochraceous, as are the broad g.; s. narrowed +towards base, ochraceous, 4-5 cm.; sp. 8 × 4-5. + + ** _Gills crowded, narrow._ + +=maculata=, A. & S. White; P. 5-10 cm. obtuse, compact, becoming spotted +with rust colour; g. free, closely crowded; s. 7-12 cm. more or less +ventricose, grooved, narrowed below, spotted rusty; subgl. 4-6. + +var. _immaculata_, Cke. Not becoming spotted; g. minutely serrulate. + +var. _scorzonera_, Batsch. Smaller, yellowish, stem long, rooting, often +wavy; g. yellowish. + +[=serpentina=, Otth. P. campan. yellowish white, glabrous, somewhat +shining, whitish, edge involute, white-fibrillose; g. crenulate, +whitish, becoming tinged red; s. whitish, striate, silky shining, +hollow, ending in a long contorted serpentine root running amongst +leaves. + +=prolixa=, Fl. Dan. P. 7-10 cm. lax, exp. gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny +or brick red tinge; g. free, crowded, narrow, not spotted; s. solid, +subequal, not rooting, sulcate, brick-red, 7-9 cm.; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +=distorta=, Fr. P. lax, 6-8 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, even, bay then pale; +g. narrow, much crowded, soon spotted red; s. 6-8 cm. narrowed from +ventricose base, sulcate, more or less twisted, pallid; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=butyracea=, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. even, glabrous, moist and +shining, reddish brown then pallid, flesh whitish; g. crenulate; s. 5-8 +cm. conical, striate, rufous; sp. 7-9 × 4-5. + +var. _bibulosa_, Mass. P. dingy olive at first. + +var. _aurorea_, Larb. P. thinner, edge striate, flesh rufescent; s. +hollow. + +[=funicularis=, Karst. (= _Coll. dryophila_, var. _funicularis_, Fr.). +P. rufous then pale, even; g. sulphur then pale; s. sulcate, apex +thickened, curved, yellowish white; sp. 6 × 2-3. + +[=phaeopodia=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, moist, umbo evanescent, flesh +brownish, fuscous brown; g. white; s. blackish brown, thickened at both +ends. + +[=epipphia=, Fr. P. discoid, viscid, striate to middle; g. white, +connected by veins; s. narrowed upwards, striate, white. + +[=asema=, Weinm. P. thin, umb. hygr. livid, whitish when dry, flesh +watery, horny-grey near gills; g. crowded, entire, whitish; s. striate, +livid. + +=stridula=, Fr. P. soft, soon exp. even, moist, hygr. blackish then +pale; g. arcuato-adnexed, white; s. fibrilloso-striate, livid brown. + +Distinguished from _Trich. melaleucum_ by the dark stem. + +[=pulla=, Schaeff. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, hygr. purple +bay then pallid fuscous; g. transversely pellucidly striate, whitish; s. +twisted, soft. + +=xylophila=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. lax, campan. then exp. gibbous, disc +brownish tan, rest paler; g. adnate, very narrow, much crowded; s. 4-5 +cm. subflexuous, fibrillose, whitish; 4 × 2.5. + +Caespitose. _C. confluens_ and _C. ingrata_ differ in downy stem. + +[=jurana=, Q. P. thin, fleshy-buff colour, white floccose, margin +crenulate; g. whitish tinged flesh colour; s. fibrillose, whitish. + +[=ramosa=, Bull. Pure white. P. exp. disc depr. slightly striate; g. +crowded; s. stuffed, subequal, rooting, glabrous. + +[=strumosa=, Fr. White. P. wavy, glabrous, margin at first incurved and +downy; g. crowded; s. hollow, equal, flexuous, surface crisped and wavy, +striate. + +[=globularis=, Weinm. White. P. globose, disc becoming plane and umbil., +edge roundly incurved; g. adnate, crowded, broad; s. apex flocculose, +base tomentose. + + II. VESTIPEDES. _Stem thin, equal, fistulose or medullate, even, + velvety, floccose or pruinose._ + + * _Gills broad, rather distant._ + +=velutipes=, Fr. 3-7 cm. exp. viscid, yellow, glabrous; g. yellowish; s. +5-10 cm. velvety, blackish brown below, rooting; sp. 7 × 3-3.5. + +var. _rubescens_, Cke. P. tawny; g. ochraceous. + +var. _lactea_, Q. P. white; g. broad; s. velvety. + +=laxipes=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. obtuse, glabrous, moist, whitish; g. distant; +s. 6-12 cm. lax, stuffed, with rufous velvety down; sp. ----. + +Much smaller and slenderer than _C. velutipes_. + +[=declinis=, Weinm. P. conico-campan. umb. moist, at length rivulose, +pale fuscous; g. scarcely adnexed, pallid, edge floccoso-crenulate; s. +white, apex flocculoso-pulverulent. + +[=Benoistii=, Boud. Soft. P. convex then plane, rather hygr. dark +purple-bay then paler, edge striate, pellucid; g. nearly free, whitish +then tinged purple-bay; s. bay, apex paler and scurfy, pale flocculose; +flesh coloured. + +=floccipes=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, umb. even, sooty brown then pale; g. +thick; s. 3-5 cm. whitish and rough with minute black points, rooting; +sp. ----. + +[=trochila=, Lasch. P. convex, glabrous, umbilicately depr. discoid, +hyalino-striate, pallid fuscous; g. adnate, narrow; s. long, rigid, +blackish brown. + +=vertiruga=, Cke. P. 1-2 cm. subpulverulent, exp. dull brown or grey, +radially wrinkled; g. adnate; s. 4-6 cm. tawny, minutely velvety, base +strigose; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. stipitaria_ in adnate gills and dingy pileus. + +=stipitaria=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. umb. velvety-squamulose, whitish +with brown fibrils; g. ventricose; s. 2.5-5 cm. bay, fibrillose or +hairy; sp. ----. + +[=Sobolewski=, Weinm. P. thin, hemispher. obtusely umb. +white-pulverulent, shining white then tinged rosy; g. free; s. slender, +tinged fuscescent, shining, white-fibrillose. + +[=alumna=, Schum. White. P. thin, globose-campan. exp. glabrous, +striate; g. adnate, broad; s. subulate from thickened base, downy below. + +Habitat on fungi like _C. tuberosa_, from which it differs in adnate +gills. + + ** _Gills very narrow, closely crowded._ + +=hariolorum=, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. exp. glabrous, dingy tan; g. white then +pallid; s. 5-7 cm. narrowed upwards, rufescent, woolly-hirsute; sp. 6-7 +× 3-4. + +=confluens=, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. obtuse, flaccid, glabrous, rufescent then +pallid; g. closely crowded; s. 6-12 cm. more or less compressed, rufous, +everywhere with white down; sp. subgl. 7-9. + +Differs from _C. hariolorum_ in densely tufted habit. + +=ingrata=, Schum. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umb. even, brownish tan; g. free, +pallid; s. 5-10 cm. twisted, subcompressed, with white meal above, umber +and naked below, equal; sp. ----. + +[=lilacea=, Q. Subtomentose, lilac; p. thin, hoary; g. amethyst; s. +slender, base with white down. + +[=lupuletora=, Weinm. P. exp. depr. even, glabrous, livid or pale tan +then pallid; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. not rooting, white and +pulverulently scaly above, brownish, glabrous, and narrowed below. + +[=foetidissima=, Gill. Smell extremely foetid. P. convex, umbil. wavy, +yellowish white; g. whitish; s. white. + +[=orbicularis=, Secr. P. exp. umb. brown, disc with small viscid +blackish warts; g. adnexed, crowded; s. rufescent with white meal. + +[=myosura=, Fr. P. orbicular, exp. obtuse, rufous, becoming pale; g. +free, much crowded; s. rufescent, apex powdered, root long, glabrous. + +=conigena=, Pers. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, reddish-yellow or pale; +g. free, much crowded, pallid; s. 3-7 cm. pulverulent, pallid, base +strigose, rooting; sp. 4-5 × 3. + +Differs from _C. tenacella_ and _C. esculenta_ in free, crowded, narrow +gills. + +var. _lutea_, Vogl. P. yellow; g. densely crowded, white. + +=cirrhata=, Fr. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length umbilicate, silky, opaque, +white; g. adnate; s. 2-5 cm. slender, wavy, whitish, with a downy root; +sp. 4-5 × 2-3. + +Differs from _C. conigena_ in adnate gills, and from _C. tuberosa_ in +downy rooting stem not springing from a sclerotium. + +=tuberosa=, Bull. P. about 1 cm. white, exp. umb. even; g. adnate; s. +1.5-4 cm. thin, white, root glabrous and springing from a sclerotium; +sp. 4-6 × 2-3. + +=racemosa=, Pers. P. up to 1 cm. convex, papillate, grey, subtomentose; +g. adnate; s. 3-5 cm. base dark, springing from a blackish sclerotium; +several minute stems with abortive pilei often spring from the stem; sp. +----. + + III. LAEVIPES. _Stem thin, equal, fistulose, naked, glabrous + (except base), not conspicuously striate._ + + * _Gills broad, lax, usually more or less distant._ + +=collina=, Scop. P. 2-5 cm. exp. umb., brownish then pale; g. adnexed +then free; s. 6-10 cm. equal, even, glabrous, base abrupt, downy; sp. +----. + +=thelephora=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. camp. lax, umb. apiculate, +dingy ochraceous, disc darker; g. adnate; s. 6-10 cm. equal, hollow, +glabrous, base dark; sp. 9 × 7. + +=ventricosa=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. camp. umb. glabrous, pale tan; g. with +rufous tinge; s. 6-10 cm. rufescent, base ventricose, rooting; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. dryophila_ in ventricose, rooting stem. + +=leucomyosotis=, Cke. Strong scented, rather fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. exp. +grey then paler; g. adnate, sinuate, white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, brittle, +pallid; sp. 6 × 4. + +=Stevensoni=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm. obtuse, viscid, pale yellow; g. +broadly adnate, broad, white; s. 2-3 cm. rufous, equal, fibrillose, +rooting; sp. 10-11 × 7-8. + +Differs from _C. esculenta_ in broad, adnate gills. + +=psathyroides=, Cke. Ivory white. P. 1.5-2 cm. broad and nearly 2.5 cm. +high, camp. obtuse, rather viscid; g. broadly adnate, broad; s. 6-10 cm. +equal, straight, hollow; sp. 15 × 7. + +=xanthopoda=, Fr. P. 2.5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, lax, yellow or tan +colour then pale; g. truncate behind; s. 6-10 cm. equal, hollow, tough, +glabrous, yellowish, strigosely rooting; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. dryophila_ in umbo, broad gills, and strigosely rooting +stem. + +=nitellina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. even, shining, tawny, hygroph.; g. +adnate, white then tinted; s. 5-8 cm. equal, rigid, glabrous, tawny; sp. +----. + +=succinea=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. even, exp. then subdepressed, pale rufous, +often cracked; g. adnexed, broad, thickish, serrulate; s. 2-4 cm. +polished, rufescent, not rooting; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. dryophila_ by broader, thicker, less crowded gills, and +from _C. xanthopoda_ by absence of an umbo. + +=nummularia=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subdepressed round small umbo, +pallid; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex thickened; sp. ----. + +=esculenta=, Wulf. P. 1-2 cm. orbicular, exp. obtuse, glabrous, pallid +tan; g. adnate, lax, whitish; s. 2.5 cm. indistinctly hollow, even, +polished, yellowish tan, rooting, base glabrous; sp. ----. + +_C. tenacella_ differs in fibrillose rooting base, and snow-white gills. + +=tenacella=, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, brownish +then pale; g. broad, snow-white; s. 5-10 cm. narrowly fistulose, +straight, even, glabrous, tawny, long root strigose; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +var. _stolonifer_, Jungh. P. springing from a long, creeping, cord-like +mycelium. + +=eustygia=, Cke. Smell of rancid meal. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. often +wavy, whitish, shining when dry; g. dark grey; s. 4-7 cm. white above +and sprinkled with pointed scales; darker below, rooting; sp. subgl. +4-5. + +[=rhodella=, Pat. P. thin, convexo-plane, reddish-brown, disc rugulose, +edge striate; g. adnate, distant, white, tinged pink; s. tinged brown, +twisted, wavy. + +=retigera=, Bres. P. 3-6 cm. campan.-exp. umb. dry, glabrous, +fuscous-grey then pale, centre somewhat tawny, raised veins forming a +network on the surface; g. broad, edge paler, fimbriate; s. 4-6 cm. +pallid, whitish fibrillose, often compressed, somewhat rooting; sp. +----. + +[=plumipes=, Kalchb. P. campan. exp. subumb. slightly innato-fibrillose, +livid fuscous, shining; g. broad, white; s. glabrous, white, base +fibrilloso-strigose. + +Differs from _C. conigena_ in glabrous s. and broad g. + +[=planipes=, Brig. Caespitose. P. orbicular, exp. rather viscid, bay; g. +free; s. colour of p., rooting. + +[=Gussonei=, Inzeng. P. convex, subumb., rather striate, brick-red, edge +dingy yellow; g. adnate, broad, crimson; s. compr. ochre with a crimson +zone. + + ** _Gills narrow, crowded._ + +=acervata=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, then umb., reddish +then pale; g. free, narrow, closely crowded; s. 4-9 cm. equal, glabrous, +rufous, base downy, rooting; sp. 7-8 × 3.5. + +Differs from _C. confluens_ in glabrous stem, and from _Marasmius +erythropus_ in narrow, closely crowded gills. + +=dryophila=, Bull. P. 2.5 cm. obtuse, then subdepr. reddish or pale tan, +even; g. sinuate, crowded, narrow; s. 2-4 cm. hollow, glabrous, +rufescent or yellowish; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=aquosa=, Fr. Every part honey-colour. P. 2-2.5 cm. obtuse, hygr. margin +striate; g. rounded and free, crowded; s. 3-6 cm. polished, surface +slightly wavy; sp. 6 × 4. + +var. _Bulliardii_. P. reddish ochre then pale; s. tawny. + +=extuberans=, Fr. P. 2-3.5 cm. exp. umb. prominent, bay or umber; g. +crowded, narrow; s. 4-7 cm. equal, straight, glabrous, pallid, rooting; +sp. ----. + +=exsculpta=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umbilicate, persistently tawny brown; +g. closely crowded, sulphur-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellow; sp. ----. + +[=luteifolia=, Gill. P. exp. edge lobed, irreg. reddish or cinnamon; g. +sulphur yellow; s. glabrous, colour of p. + +[=cinnamomaeifolia=, Gill. P. convex, subdepr. with a slight umbo, +whitish yellow; g. crowded, pale cinnamon; s. reddish. + +=macilenta=, Fr. Entirely yellow. P. 2-2.5 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous; +g. linear; s. minutely fistulose, glabrous, tough, rooting, 2-3 cm.; sp. +5-6 × 3. + +=clavus=, L. P. 2-6 mm. obtuse, even, orange-red, shining; g. crowded, +white; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. very slender, whitish, glabrous; sp. 4 × 2.5. + +_Mycena acicula_ differs in yellow gills and rooting stem. + +=ocellata=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. disc depr. round pale small umbo, +rufous or yellowish; g. crowded, white; s. 3-5 cm. slender, tough, +glabrous, tinged fuscous, base rooting, fibrillose; sp. ----. + +Distinguished from _C. cirrhata_ by glabrous stem. + +[=floridula=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, slightly striate, tinged flesh colour +then pale; g. pale rose colour; s. pellucid, white. + +[=Micheliana=, Fr. Pure white. P. obtuse, margin slightly striate; g. +adnexed, crowded; s. thin, glabrous, base slightly thickened. + +=muscigena=, Schum. Pure white. P. 2-4 mm. obtuse, even; g. adnate; s. +1.5-2.5 cm. very slender, wavy, equal, glabrous; sp. ----. + +Known from small sp. of _Mycena_ by the broadly adnate gills and even +pileus. + +[=ludia=, Fr. Pure white. P. subumb. exp. revolute, undulate and irreg. +lobed, even; g. rather distant; s. slender, wavy, naked, root creeping, +branched, fibrillose. + + B. _Gills grey._ + + IV. TEPHROPHANAE. _Brown or greyish._ + + * _Gills crowded, rather narrow._ + +=rancida=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-5 cm. umb. dusky grey with a white +silkiness; g. free, narrow, grey; s. 7-12 cm. glabrous, grey, rooting; +sp. 7-10 × 4-5. + +Distinguished among strong-smelling species by the rooting stem. + +[=ignobilis=, Karst. P. plane, subdepr. edge spreading, livid, hoary, +pale when dry; g. crowded, dingy pallid; s. livid, floccosely pruinose; +sp. 7-8 × 4. + +[=daemonica=, Karst. P. convex then exp. subumb. glabrous, rather +virgate, livid fuscous, disc blackish, pale when dry; g. adnate, +crowded, smoky, blackish when bruised; s. equal, glabrous, wavy, +fibrillosely striate, pallid, apex white flocculose; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +=coracina=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-3 cm. exp. naked, hygr. brownish then +grey; g. greyish-white; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, rigid, not rooting, brown, +apex mealy-squamulose; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. rancida_ in the short stem thickened at base, and not +rooting; _C. ozes_ differs from present in long, slender, flexuous stem. + +=ozes=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. naked, glabrous, hygr. +margin striate, greyish brown; g. adnexed, grey then olive; s. 6-10 cm. +subflexuous, slender, fragile, slightly striate, grey, apex with white +meal; sp. ----. + +_C. rancida_ differs in free gills and rooting stem. + +[=mephitica=, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. subumb. even, adpressedly +innately silky, whitish; g. obtusely adnate, crowded, whitish; s. +filiform, obsoletely fistulose, tough, grey, pruinosely velvety. + +=inolens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, livid or pale tan; g. +adnexed, greyish-white; s. 5-9 cm. livid, undulate, base white-strigose, +apex white squamulose; sp. 7-8 × 4-5. + +_C. plexipes_ and _C. protracta_ differ in having the stem glabrous at +the apex. + +=plexipes=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. camp. rather rugulose, slightly striate, +glabrous, sooty; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. livid, silky fibrillose, rooting; +sp. 8-9 × 5. + +Differs from _C. protracta_ in free gills. + +[=miser=, Fr. P. subumb. glabrous, margin striate; g. adnate, grey; s. +fuscous, apex mealy. + +[=atramentosa=, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rugulose, livid then sooty, +flesh black; g. narrow, becoming blackish; s. naked, colour of p. + +[=fuliginaria=, Weinm. P. fuscous, with down; g. glaucous; s. fuscous, +flocculose. + +=atrata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. pitch-black then brown, even, exp. or depr. +margin arched; g. adnate; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, glabrous, brown outside and +inside; sp. ----. + +=ambusta=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. papillate, slightly striate, glabrous, +livid brown; g. adnate, tinged fuscous; s. 1.5-2 cm. somewhat stuffed, +tough, livid; sp. 5-6 × 3-4. + +Differs from _C. atrata_ in umbonate pileus. + + ** _Gills very broad, more or less distant._ + +=lacerata=, Lasch. P. 2.5-3.5 cm. camp. moist, streaked dark brown on +pale ground; g. adnexed, broad, thick, greyish; s. 5-9 cm. twisted, +fibrous, apex floccose; sp. ----. + +[=phalliodorus=, Alex. Foetid, convex, subumbilicate, at length lobed, +dingy ochraceous; g. adnate, white; s. glabrous. + +=murina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous then rugulosely +squamulose, dark brown then pale; g. slightly adnexed, broad; s. 5-7 cm. +hollow, cylindrical, not rooting, grey; sp. 7 × 4. + +Somewhat resembling _C. atrata_, differing in very broad almost free +gills. + +[=glacialis=, Fr. P. watery, fragile, obtuse, dusky fuscous then pale; +g. free, grey; s. grey, naked. + +=protracta=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. shining, disc fleshy, depressed, +subpapillate, greyish brown, margin striate; g. broad, grey; s. 5-7 cm. +glabrous, root long fibrillosely strigose; sp. ----. + +=tesquorum=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. plane, obtuse, even, blackish then pale; +g. free, greyish brown; s. 3-5 cm. thin, brown, apex pruinose; sp. ----. + +[=cessans=, Karst. P. exp. then depr. glabrous, striate, pallid fuscous +then pale and hoary, sublubricous; g. adnate, then adnato-decur. +connected by veins, whitish; s. solid, pallid, apex pruinose. + +=clusilis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous, hygr. livid then +pale; g. arcuately adfixed, semicircular, broad; s. 2-4 cm. glabrous, +pallid, not rooting; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. tylicolor_ and _C. nummularia_ in umbilicate pileus, +and decurrent tooth to gills. + +[=erosa=, Fr. P. exp. striate, hygr. silky when dry, grey; g. broadly +emarginate, greyish; s. greyish-white, glabrous. + +=tylicolor=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, bluish-grey, +with white meal when young; g. free, distant, broad, grey; s. 2-3 cm. +pulverulent, grey; sp. ----. + + _Introduced species._ + +=Dorotheae=, B. P. 2 cm. globose then exp. subumb. dark brown then +paler, sulcate, squarroso-setulose; g. white, distant; s. 5-6 cm. +slender, minutely discoid at base, granulated like pileus and beset with +white bristles. + +=caldarii=, B. P. 1 cm. hemispherical, umb. brown, rugose; g. grey; s. +4-5 cm. pale grey, cartilaginous; sp. ----. + + +MARASMIUS, Fr. + + A. COLLYBIA. _Margin of pileus incurved at first. Stem + cartilaginous; mycelium floccose._ + + I. SCORTEI. _Stem solid, or stuffed then hollow, fibrous inside; + outside villose over the cartilaginous cortex. Gills becoming + free._ + + * _Base of stem strigosely woolly._ + +=urens=, Fr. P. Acrid. 4-7 cm. exp. glabrous, even, pinkish buff, pale +when dry; g. free, becoming brownish, at length remote; s. 5-7 cm. +everywhere covered with white farinose down; sp. 8 × 4. + +The acrid taste separates this sp. from _M. oreades_. + +[=subannulatus=, Trog. P. plane or depr. even, yellowish; g. adnate, +reddish then brownish; s. with an incomplete ring about the middle, base +with white down. + +=peronatus=, Fr. Acrid. P. exp. reddish brown, then tan colour, becoming +lacunose, margin striate; g. adnexed, seceding, pallid then rufescent; +s. 3-5 cm. villosely downy, lower portion coarsely strigose, yellowish; +sp. 10 × 6-7. + +=porreus=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 2-5 cm. dingy yellowish then paler, +striate, disc even, flaccid; g. distant, firm, yellow then pale; s. 2-4 +cm. reddish-brown, pubescent; sp. subgl. 4. + +Differs from _M. prasiosmus_ in yellowish gills and stem everywhere +pubescent. + +[=mulleus=, Fr. Mild. P. plane or depr. even, yellow brown then paler; +g. citrin; s. bay towards fusiform rooting base, with a purplish +tomentose ring. + +[=Queletii=, Schulz. White. P. diaphanous, umb.; g. free, white; s. +stuffed; with grey rooting mycelium. + +[=foeniculaceus=, Fr. P. tough, convex-umb. then plano-depr. pallid then +white; g. broad, thick, adnex. distant, whitish; s. fibrous, glabrous, +base abrupt, with rufous fibres. Used as a condiment. + + ** _Base of stem naked, often formed of twisted fibres._ + +=oreades=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. subumb. glabrous, brownish then pale; g. free, +broad, distant, pale; s. 3-6 cm. pallid, everywhere with a downy +surface; sp. 8 × 5. Edible. + +[=globularis=, Fr. P. globose campan. umb. hygrophanous, pellucidly +striate; g. free, white then dingy; s. pulverulent, white. + +=plancus=, Fr. P. 2-... cm. pliant, plane or depr. even, rufescent then +pale; g. narrow, tinged ochraceous-brown; s. 3-5 cm. with white down, +base narrowed, naked; sp. ----. + +Differs from _M. oreades_ in narrower, darker coloured gills. + +[=pyramidalis=, Fr. P. umb. shining, dingy brown then pale; g. arcuately +adnexed, white then reddish; s. narrowed upwards, flocculose, whitish, +rooting. + +=scorteus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. pallid, exp. obtuse, even, wrinkled; g. +broad, distant, white; s. 2-4 cm. obsoletely hollow, equal, tinged +fuscous, glabrous, apex slightly mealy; sp. 8 × 6. + +Resembling _M. oreades_, but smaller and stem glabrous. + + II. TERGINI. _Stem rooting, distinctly tubular, not fibrous, + evidently cartilaginous. Gills becoming free._ + + * _Stem woolly below, glabrous above._ + +=prasiosmus=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 1.5-2 cm. pale yellow or whitish +disc, often darker, wrinkled, g. adnexed; s. 4-7 cm. pallid and glabrous +above, thickened and subtomentose below and brownish; sp. 14-15 × 7. + +Differs from _M. porreus_ in white gills and estriate pileus. + +=varicosus=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. reddish brown, plane or depr. wavy, +subumb. darker when dry; g. closely crowded, very narrow; s. 5-8 cm. +reddish, with red juice, base with reddish down; sp. 4 × 3. + +=fuscopurpureus=, Fr. 2-2.5 cm. exp. often umbilicate, purplish brown +then pale; g. attached to collar then free, tinged reddish; s. 2.5-7 cm. +dry, dingy purple, base with reddish down; sp. 4-3. + +=terginus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. obtuse, shining, reddish, then pale, +striate at margin; g. narrow, free; s. 5-8 cm. glabrous, shining, +pallid, reddish below with white down, rooting; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +Much like _M. prasiosmus_ and _M. porreus_, differing from both in +absence of smell. + +[=gelidus=, Q. P. campan. exp. thin, rugosely striate, pruinose, +translucent; g. free, hyaline or tinged rose; s. filiform, striate, +pruinosely-pubescent, base cottony, recurved; sp. 7-8. + +[=putillus=, Fr. P. rufescent then tan; g. rufous, margin paler, entire; +s. short, rufescent, abrupt base with white down. + +[=carpathicus=, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rather viscid, brownish, hygr. +edge striatulate; g. rotundato-adnexed, pallid; s. even, naked above, +pallid, rest bay, white downy base rooting. + + ** _Stem (at least when dry) everywhere pruinosely velvety._ + +=Wynnei=, B. and Br. P. 2.5-4 cm. soon plane, subumb. lilac-brown; g. +adnexed, lilac; s. 3-6 cm. paler than p., scurfy; 7-8 × 4. + +=erythropus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, even, then rugulose, pallid; g. +broad, lax, pallid, connected by veins; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, striate, +glabrous, dark red, base with white down; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +Differs from _Collybia acervata_ by the broad distant gills. + +[=dispar=, Fr. P. subumb. whitish, margin striate; g. nearly free, +crowded, narrow; s. purplish-brown, pruinose, base with white down. + +=archyropus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. plane or depr. glabrous, pallid; g. +crowded, linear, pallid; s. 6-10 cm. rigid, straight, pale rufescent, +coated with white down, base similar; sp. subgl. 4-5. + +Differs from _M. terginus_ in tufted habit, and from _M. prasiosmus_ in +absence of smell. + +=torquescens=, Q. P. 1-1.5 cm. plane, rugosely striate, pallid; g. free; +s. 4-5 cm. brown, minutely velvety, apex pale and glabrous; sp. 5 × 4. + +=impudicus=, Fr. Smell foetid. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. rugulosely striate, +reddish bay, then pale; g. tinged red then pale; s. 3-5 cm. equal, +purplish, covered with white down when dry, base naked, rooting; sp. 8 × +4-5. + +Differs from _M. foetidus_ in free gills. + +[=saxatilis=, Fr. P. depr. striate, reddish; g. adnate, white; s. +glabrous, apex pruinose, reddish. + + III. CALOPODES. _Stem short, not rooting, entering matrix abruptly, + often with a small floccose tubercle at base. Gills adnate then + subdecur. when p. expands._ + + * _Stem very glabrous upwards, shining, base simple._ + +=scorodonius=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 1.5-2 cm. soon plane, dry, rufous +then pale, wrinkled; g. adnate, whitish; s. 2.5-4 cm. equal, everywhere +glabrous, shining, rufous; sp. 6 × 4. + +=calopus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. even then wrinkled, glabrous, whitish; +g. emarginately adnexed; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, glabrous, bay, shining, not +rooting; 7 × 4. + +Habit of _M. scorodonius_, but no smell. + +=Vaillantii=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. depr. plicately rugose, whitish; g. +broad, subdecurrent; s. 2-2.5 cm. glabrous, bay, apex paler and +thickened; sp. 10 × 6. + +_M. impudicus_ differs in purplish stem with white down when dry. _M. +foetidus_ differs in strong smell. + +=angulatus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. soon exp. at length folded and angular, +whitish or tinge of tawny; g. distant; s. 2-3 cm. greyish rufescent, +thickened at both ends; sp. 7 × 4. + +Closely resembling _M. Curreyi_ and _M. graminum_; differs from former +in ventricose gills not attached to a collar; from the latter in the +gills not being attached to a collar. _M. calopus_ differs in the +shining, bay stem. + +[=Kirchneri=, Thurn. P. often umb. pallid whitish brown; g. subdecur. +distant, whitish fuscous; s. filiform, glabrous, brown. + +=languidus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. umbil. flocculose, rugosely sulcate, +whitish tinged yellow or flesh colour; g. narrow; s. 2-3 cm. thickened +upwards, pale, naked, base tawny; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=rubricatus=, Mass. P. up to 1 cm. soon plane, whitish tinged red; g. +adnexed, white then brownish; s. 1-2 cm. slender, incurved, hollow; sp. +6 × 3. + + ** _Stem velvety pruinose, base subtuberculose._ + +=foetidus=, Fr. Foetid. P. 2-3 cm. exp. and umbil. or wavy, +striato-plicate, tawny bay or rufous, pruinose when dry; g. rufescent +with a yellow tinge; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, bay, minutely velvety; sp. 7 × +4. + +=inodorus=, Pat. P. thin, exp. reddish brown with adpr. silky down; g. +adnate, crowded, whitish; s. blackish red, apex pale, entirely covered +with white bloom. + +Differs from _M. foetidus_ in absence of smell. + +[=xerotoides=, Tr. P. umbilicate, umber, striate; g. broadly adnate, +becoming greyish; s. velvety, base thickened, strigose. + +[=lagopinus=, Fr. P. convex, even, glabrous, pallid; g. adnate, pallid; +s. pallid, white floccose half way up, apex naked. + +=amadelphus=, Fr. P. 3-4 mm. soon plane, disc slightly pruinose, margin +at length striate, pale reddish-yellow; g. broadly adnate, broad; s. +pallid, bay below, slightly pruinose 1-1.5 cm.; sp. 4 × 2.5. + +var. _insignis_. G. very distant, pale umber. + +=ramealis=, Fr. P. 2-4 mm. opaque, rugulose, not striate, white, disc +often tinged rufescent; g. rather distant, narrow, white, adnate; s. 1 +cm. white, mealy, base darker; sp. 4 × 2. + +=candidus=, Bolt. Entirely white. P. up to 0.5 cm. pellucid, wrinkled, +naked; g. adnexed; s. 1-2 cm. whitish, slightly pruinose, base tinged +brownish; sp. 4 × 2. + + B. MYCENA. _Stem horny, fistulose but often with a pith, tough, + dry, mycelium rhizomorphoid, cortex not floccose, edge of pileus + straight and adpressed to stem at first._ + + I. CHORDALES. _Stem rigid, rooting, or adnate by a dilated base._ + +=alliaceus=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 2.4 cm. subumb. even then striate +or sulcate, greyish; g. free; s. 6-10 cm. minutely velvety, blackish; +sp. 14-16 × 8. + +=molyoides=, Fr. Smell somewhat unpleasant. P. soon plane, even, +brownish then pale; g. free, crowded, white; s. tall, hollow, glabrous, +blackish brown. + +[=chordalis=, Fr. P. plicate, brownish; g. adnato-decurrent, white; s. +elongated, straight, velvety, blackish brown, stuffed, rooting. + +=cauticinalis=, Fr. P. about 1 cm. yellowish, even then striato-sulcate; +g. adnato-decur. connected by veins, yellow; s. 3-6 cm. flocculose, bay, +paler and mealy upwards; sp. 7 × 3-5. + +[=schizopus=, Secr. P. very thin, campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish; g. +thick, distant, white, with a collar; s. whitish, base a darker dilated +tubercle. + +[=torquatus=, Fr. P. campan. sulcate, whitish; g. thick, attached to a +collar; s. whitish, with a darker tubercular dilated base. + + II. ROTULAE. _Stem filiform, flaccid, base entering matrix + abruptly._ + + * _Stem very glabrous, shining._ + +=rotula=, Fr. P. 4-7 mm. umbilicate, plicate, whitish or disc slightly +tinged; g. attached to a free collar encircling the stem; s. 2-4 cm. +glabrous, blackish, shining; sp. 6 × 3-4. + +[=littoralis=, Q. P. umbil. plicate, white; g. free, distant; s. horny, +umber, apex pale, base downy. + +=graminum=, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. umb. striate or sulcate, pale rufous, +disc darker; g. attached to a collar encircling stem, few in number; s. +2-4 cm. black, shining, glabrous, apex paler; sp. subgl. 3-4. + +[=epodius=, Bres. P. convexo-campan. exp. usually umb. and depr. edge at +first incurved, sulcate, centre usually reticulated, reddish-yellow then +pale; g. free, white then yellowish; s. very glabrous, rufescent then +bay, apex hyaline, base bulbillose substrigose; sp. 20-28 × 2.5-4. + +[=Menieri=, Boud. P. 1-3 mm. excentric, broadly subumb. punctulate +tawny; g. fold-like, few, branched, paler than p.; s. curved, tawny, +base black; sp. 18-25 × 5-7. + +[=faveolaris=, Fr. P. sulcate, exp. disc coloured; g. attached to a +ring, anastomosing to form cells; s. glabrous, subulate, bay below. + +=androsaceus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. whitish, umbilicate striate; g. adnate +to stem; s. 3-6 cm. black, glabrous, polished; sp. 7 × 3-4. + +[=sclerotipes=, Bres. P. thin, convex, edge incurved then plane, +ruguloso-striate, shining white, umbil. yellowish, subflocculose; g. +distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate; s. filiform, tinged rufescent +downwards, adnate to a rufescent sclerotium. + +Passed as _Collybia cirrhata_ very frequently. The latter differs in not +springing from a sclerotium. _Collybia tuberosa_ differs in growing on +fungi. + +[=Bulliardi=, Q. P. plicate, dingy yellow brown; g. whitish; s. bay. + +=splachnoides=, Fr. Inodorous. P. up to 1 cm. whitish, subumbilicate, +striate; g. subdecurrent; s. 2-4 cm. polished, reddish-brown; sp. 8 × 5. + +Similar in habit to _M. perforans_, but no smell, and white subdecurrent +gills. + +[=limosus=, Q. Very minute. P. plicate, diaphanous, whitish; s. +capillary, brownish. + +=flosculus=, Q. P. white, umbil. sulcate; g. adnate, white; s. short, +incurved, bay, apex pale. + +=Curreyi=, B. & Br. P. up to 1 cm. pale rufous, coarsely striate, umb. +tawny; g. attached to collar; s. 2-3 cm. polished, blackish, apex white; +sp. 9 × 5-6. + + ** _Stem velvety or pilose._ + +=perforans=, Fr. Foetid. P. up to 1 cm. whitish or tinged rufous, plane, +not striate, rugulose; g. adnate; s. 2-3 cm. minutely velvety, blackish +brown; sp. 4 × 3. + +=insititius=, Fr. Inodorous. P. 1-1.5 cm. subumbilicate, at length +plicate, pale yellow-brown then whitish; g. broadly adnate, simple, +unequal, distant; s. 2-3 cm. floccose or scurfy, reddish-brown; sp. 4 × +2.5. + +=Hudsoni=, Pers. P. 2-3 mm. rugulose, tinged brown, covered with +spreading purplish hairs; g. white; s. 1-1.5 cm. with hairs like the +pileus; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=buxi=, Fr. P. sulcate, minutely squamulose, tawny; g. few; s. blackish +purple, pilose below, glabrous above. + +=epichloe=, Fr. P. 4-5 mm. plane, papillate, even, whitish, disc darker; +g. broadest behind; s. 2-3 cm. bay, coarsely striate, striae setulose; +sp. 3 × 2. + +=actinophorus=, B. & Br. P. 2-3 mm. umbilicate, pale bay with darker +radiating lines, wrinkled when dry; g. adnexed; s. 1-2 cm. paler than +pileus; sp. subgl. 3-4. + +=saccharinus=, Batsch. P. 2-4 mm. subpapillate, glabrous, sulcate, +whitish; g. broadly adnate, connected by veins; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. reddish, +minutely flocculose, then almost glabrous; sp. 5 × 3. + +Resembling _M. polyadelphus_, but not clustered, and papillate pileus. + +=epiphyllus=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. umbilicate, wrinkled, white; g. adnate, +distant, veined; s. 3-5 cm. bay, minutely velvety, apex pale; sp. 3 × 2. + + C. APUS. _Pileus sessile, resupinate._ + +=spodoleucus=, B. & Br. P. 4-5 mm. shell-shaped, resupinate, sessile, +grey, slightly pulverulent; gills few, white. + +[=recubans=, Q. P. hemisph. sulcate, white; g. white; s. capillary, +villose, brown. + + +LACTARIUS, Fr. + + * _Milk yellow, acrid._ + +[=resimus=, Fr. P. fleshy, umbil. then infundib. even, glabrous, viscid, +white or pallid, edge incurved and tomentose then spreading and naked; +g. decur. white; s. stout, hollow, villose; milk soon sulphur colour; +sp. 8-10 × 6-7. + +=scrobiculatus=, Scop. P. 10-20 cm. yellowish, depr. zoneless, incurved +margin fibrillose; g. decur. whitish; s. 4-8 cm. stout, yellow, pitted; +milk soon sulphur yellow; sp. subgl. echin. 7-8. (10-12 × 8-9 Sacc.) + +=chrysorrheus=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. umbil. then infundib. pale yellowish +flesh colour, zoned; g. yellowish; s. white, 3-4 cm.; milk white then +golden yellow; sp. 6-7. + +=intermedius=, Kromb. P. 10-14 cm. infundib. viscid, ochraceous, +incurved margin tomentose at first; g. decur.; s. 3-5 cm. stout, +yellowish, pitted; milk soon yellowish; sp. ----. + +Differs from _L. scrobiculatus_ in infundibiliform pileus. + +=theiogalus=, Bull. P. 3-6 cm. depr. viscid, tawny rufous; g. pale +rufescent; s. 3-5 cm. colour of p.; milk white then sulphur yellow, +becoming acrid; sp. 7-8. + +Agrees with _L. chrysorrheus_ in yellow milk, but differs in tawny +rufous stem. + + ** _Milk violet._ + + + _Milk acrid._ + +=aspideus=, Fr. Dingy straw colour. P. 5-9 cm. zoneless, convex then +depr. at first with white down; g. narrow, thickish; s. 5-7 cm. +glabrous, dry; milk white soon becoming lilac; sp. echin. 8-10. + +Differs from _L. uvidus_ in narrow gills. + +=uvidus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. thin, depr. zoneless, dingy tan; g. broad, +white; s. 5-8 cm. viscid, pallid; milk white soon lilac; sp. 9-10. (5-6 +Sacc.) + +[=flavidus=, Boud. P. exp. viscid pale primrose yellow; g. whitish; s. +solid, white with yellow tinge; milk white then deep violet; sp. 6-7. + + ++ _Milk sweet._ + +[=violascens=, Fr. P. depr. glabrous, grey with darker zones; g. white; +s. solid, greyish white; milk violet. + + *** _Milk reddish, saffron, or brownish._ + + + _Milk acrid._ + +=deliciosus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex, umbil. dusky orange, zoned; g. +subdecurrent, orange; s. 3-6 cm. smooth; milk saffron red; sp. 9-10 × +7-8. Every part becoming red then greenish when bruised; sp. 7-10. +Edible. + +[=flammeolus=, Fr. P. subumb. not zoned, flame coloured; g. adnate, +yellow; s. hollow, pale orange; milk reddish, slowly acrid. + +Differs from _L. mitissimus_ in red milk. + +=acris=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. soon infundib. viscid, sooty grey; g. pale +yellow; s. often excentric, pallid, narrowed below; milk white then +reddish; sp. 8-9 × 6-8. + +=fuliginosus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. soon depr. obtuse, even, at first with +sooty-brown powder, then naked and greyish tan; g. adnate, white then +tan; s. 6-8 cm. stuffed, naked, greyish tan; milk and flesh white then +reddish-yellow; sp. 8-9. + +Distinguished from allies by pileus not being velvety. + +[=fuscus=, Roll. Caespitose, scented. P. exp. and slightly depr. round +the umb. edge grooved, fibrillose or squamulose, sooty grey or dingy +violet, often zoned; g. forked, pallid then ochre; s. firm ochre or +tinged red, pruinose. + +[=argematus=, Fr. White. P. thin, exp. glabrous, edge even; g. adnate, +crowded; s. stuffed, short, glabrous; milk slowly acrid, white then +rufescent. + + ++ _Milk mild._ + +=retisporus=, Mass. P. 5-8 cm. depr. smoky brown, velvety, radially +rugulose, minutely velvety; g. deeply sinuate, pale ochre; s. 3-5 cm. +glabrous, paler than p.; milk white then brown; sp. globose, 10-11, with +a raised network. + +Close to _L. ligniotus_, differing especially in the spores. + +[=sangifluus=, Fr. P. depr. even, not zoned, blood-red; s. narrowed +upwards, paler; g. thin, white; milk blood-red; sp. 10. + + **** _Milk becoming grey._ + +=vietus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. subumb. then plane and umbil. flesh colour, +pale and silky when dry; g. subdecurrent; 4-6 cm. soon hollow, livid; +milk white then grey, becoming acrid; sp. 7-8. + +[=musteus=, Fr. P. convex then depr. zoneless, very viscid when moist, +gilvous then pallid; g. closely crowded, whitish; s. short, whitish; +milk scanty, slightly acrid, whitish then grey, as is the flesh when +cut; sp. 6-9. + + ***** _Milk becoming glaucous-green._ + +=glaucescens=, Crossl. P. 4-6 cm. whitish, depressed, flesh thick; g. +adnate, narrow, pallid; s. 2.5-3 long by 1.25 thick, whitish; milk white +then glaucous-green; sp. echinulate, 6-7 µ. + + ****** _Milk persistently white._ + + + _Milk mild._ + + § _Gills rufescent or yellowish._ + +=volemus=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, depr. obtuse, dry, glabrous, golden +tawny at length minutely broken up; g. decur. crowded, yellowish; s. 5-9 +cm. solid, stout, coloured like p. pruinose; milk white; sp. 5-6. +Edible. + +=ichoratus=, Batsch. P. 6-10 cm. thin, depr. even, glabrous, wavy, +tawny, zoned; g. adnate, white then ochre; s. 3-7 cm. glabrous, tawny; +milk white; sp. 8-10 × 6-7. + +Differs from _L. volemus_ in zoned p. and in being altogether more +slender. _L. tithymalinus_ differs in acrid milk and pinkish gills. + +=mitissimus=, Fr. P. 2.6 cm. depr. papillate, dry, even, zoneless, deep +orange, shining; g. crowded, paler than p.; s. 3-6 cm. hollow, orange; +milk white; sp. 6-8 × 5-6. + +Differs from _L. subdulcis_ in bright orange, shining p., and copious +milk. + +=quietus=, Fr. Smell oily. P. 5-8 cm. depr. viscid at first, reddish +cinnamon, pale and rather silky when dry; g. paler than p.; s. 5-8 cm. +colour of p. glabrous; milk white; sp. 8-10 × 6-7. + +=serifluus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. plane then depr. rather wavy, glabrous, not +zoned, tawny brown, margin incurved; g. crowded, yellowish; s. 2-4 cm. +slightly incurved, paler than p. solid; milk scanty, watery; sp. 7-8. + +Differs from _L. subdulcis_ in solid stem. + +=camphoratus=, Fr. Smell strong, pleasant. P. 3-5 cm. thin, depr. dry, +glabrous, reddish-brown, slightly zoned, rather wavy; g. adnate, +reddish-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. subundulate, colour of p.; milk white; sp. +8-9. + +Smell strong and fragrant, especially when dry. + +_L. cimicarius_ has a very strong smell when quite fresh, but none when +dry. + +=subumbonatus=, Lindgr. P. 2-3 cm. thin, depr. subumb. rugose, punctate, +wavy, dusky cinnamon, flesh grey then yellowish; g. adnate, pinkish +rufous; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, rufescent; milk watery, whitish; sp. 5-6. +(9, Sacc.) + +Smell foetid when dry. + +=tomentosus=, Otto. P. 5-7 cm. umb. then depr. or infundib. downy, dingy +flesh colour or brownish; g. tinged reddish-yellow; s. 4-5 cm. soon +hollow, pallid, naked, smooth; milk white; sp. 8-9. + +=helvus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. fragile, plane, subumb. pale brick red, broken +up into floccose squamules; g. decurrent, soon ochraceous; s. 5-8 cm. +brick red, pruinosely pubescent; milk scanty, white, rather sweet; sp. +8-9. + +_L. tomentosus_ differs in the naked stem. + +=squalidus=, Kromb. P. 2-5 cm. umbil. pale greyish olive or lurid; g. +narrow, yellowish; s. 4-5 cm. solid, equal, glabrous, pale brown; milk +whitish; sp. 6-10. + +About size of _L. pyrogalus_, but gills narrow and milk mild. + +=ligniotus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. plicato-rugulose, pruinosely +velvety, sooty umber; g. adnate, snow-white then tinged ochre; s. 6-12 +cm. colour of p., apex constricted and plicate; milk white; sp. +echinulate, 9-10. + +Known by rugulose pileus and mild milk. + + §§ _Gills pallid._ + +=pallidus=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. umbil. viscid, pale ochraceous tan, +zoneless; g. crowded, pallid, pruinose; s. 3-5 cm. pallid tan, soon +hollow; milk white; sp. 9-10 × 7-8. + +=cremor=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. soon plane, minutely punctate, tawny, margin +striate; g. adnate, pallid; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, coloured like p.; milk +whitish, watery; sp. 9-10. + +var. _pauper_, Karst. P. 7 cm. margin sulcate; milk none; sp. 10. + +[=rubrocinctus=, Fr. P. plane, tawny then paler; g. adnate, pallid; s. +pallid with a pale red zone at the apex; milk scanty, white. + + ++ _Milk acrid._ + + § _Gills whitish or pallid._ + +=vellereus=, Fr. White. P. 9-18 cm. umbil. tomentose, zoneless; g. +decurrent, distant; s. solid, pubescent, 5-8 cm.; milk scanty, white; +sp. 8 × 6. + +=piperatus=, Fr. White. P. 7-18 cm. thick, firm, umbil. then infundib. +edge erect, glabrous, even; g. decur. crowded, narrow, forked; s. 3-4 +cm. stout, smooth, solid; milk copious, white, acrid; sp. 8-9. + +=pergamenus=, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. plane then depr. wavy, rugulose; g. +adnate, very narrow, horizontal, tinged straw colour; s. glabrous, +discoloured, 7-10 cm.; milk white; sp. 8 × 6. + +Differs from _L. piperatus_ in crowded narrow gills, longer stem, and +thinner pileus. + +=Scoticus=, B. and Br. Pallid white, smell pungent. P. 2.4 cm. soon +plane, tomentose then smooth except incurved margin; g. thin, rather +broad; s. 2-3 cm. solid, tinged pink; milk white; sp. 7-8. + +=involutus=, Soppitt. White. P. 2-4 cm. plane or depr. incurved edge +silky; g. subdecurrent, very narrow, densely crowded; s. 2-2.5 cm. +glabrous, solid; milk white; sp. elliptical, 5 × 3. + +Differs from _L. scoticus_ and all known species in the smooth, +elliptical spores. + +=torminosus=, Schaeff. P. 6-9 cm. obt. depr. slightly zoned, margin +strongly involute and shaggy, tinged flesh colour or ochre; g. subdecur. +pale; s. 5-8 cm. paler than p.; milk white; sp. echin. 9-10 × 7-8. + +Differs from _L. cilicioides_ in zoned pileus and white milk. + +=cilicioides=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. soft, not zoned, exp. and depr. margin +fibrillose, pale flesh colour with rufous tinge; g. decur. somewhat +branched; s. 5-8 cm. stuffed, even, silky, not spotted, pallid; milk +white or faintly tinged yellow; sp. 8 × 6-7, echinulate. + +=pubescens=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. thin, exp. umbil. zoneless, whitish, margin +pubescent; g. crowded, tinged pink; s. 2-4 cm. pinkish then pale, +narrowed downwards; milk white; sp. echin. 7-8. + +Differs from _L. torminosus_ and _L. cilicioides_ in the margin being +only downy. + +=insulsus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon infundib. viscid, slightly zoned, +yellowish or reddish, margin naked; g. forked, pallid; s. 3-4 cm. +stuffed then hollow, pallid; milk white; sp. echin. 10 × 8. + +_L. zonarius_ differs in the solid stem. + +=hysginus=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, umbil. viscid, thin margin incurved, +reddish flesh colour; g. crowded; s. 5-9 cm. stuffed then hollow; milk +white; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +[=luridus=, Fr. P. fleshy, almost plane, even, viscid, slightly zoned, +rufous-grey, edge bent down; g. decur. whitish; milk white, acrid; s. +hollow, pallid; sp. 8 × 6. + +=zonarius=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. compact, viscid, pale orange or yellowish, +zoned; g. whitish; s. 5-8 cm. solid, yellowish; milk white; sp. 9-10 × +8. + +=circellatus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. soon plane, wavy, viscid, brownish, zones +and umbilicate disc darker; g. crowded, whitish; s. solid, narrowed +below, pallid; milk white; sp. 7-8. + +_L. flexuosus_ differs in yellow gills. + +=trivialis=, Fr. 9-18 cm. depr. viscid, zoneless, pale yellowish or +pinky tan, margin incurved; g. crowded, white; s. 3-8 cm. paler than p., +hollow; milk white; sp. 9-10. + +=turpis=, Fr. P. 6-14 cm. rigid, depr. zoneless, viscid, olive-umber, +margin at first with yellow down; g. thin, pallid; s. 3-6 cm. viscid, +olive, narrowed at base; milk white; sp. echin. 6-8. + +Differs from _L. blennius_ in absence of circles of spots on pileus. + +=umbrinus=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. plane, umbil. wavy, dry, floccose, umber, +not zoned; g. crowded, pallid; s. solid, very short, 2 cm. greyish +white; milk white, forming grey spots; sp. 8-9. + +=blennius=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. depr. glutinous, dingy olive grey, often +concentrically spotted, margin at first incurved; g. crowded; s. 3-5 cm. +viscid, coloured like pileus; milk white; sp. 7-8 × 6. + +[=lividus=, Lamb. P. convex then plane or depr. not distinctly zoned, +pale livid, centre fuscescent, viscid (?); g. subdecur. pale livid, +crowded; s. livid, solid, curved; milk white, acrid. + +[=impolitus=, Fr. P. convex then depr. subumb. dry, silky, not zoned, +becoming pale; g. adnate, crowded, pallid; s. glabrous but not polished, +reddish white; milk white, acrid. + + §§ _Gills rufescent or yellowish._ + +=rufus=, Scop. P. 6-9 cm. umb. depr. flocculose then glabrous, zoneless, +rufous bay, shining; g. yellowish rufous; s. 5-8 cm. rufescent; milk +white; sp. 7-9. + +[=decipiens=, Q. P. moist then puberulent, reddish flesh-colour; g. +narrow, tinged flesh-colour; s. slender, paler than p., milk very acrid; +sp. 8-9. + +[=maliodorus=, Boud. Smell unpleasant. P. infundib. dry, rather viscid +when moist, tawny ochre or tawny brick-red, zones formed of darker +spots, edge glabrous; g. subdecur. pallid then like p.; s. short, +rugose; flesh tawny, milk white, acrid. + +Differs from _L. quietus_ in brighter colour and acrid milk. + +=capsicum=, Schulz. P. 3-6 cm. obtuse, deep chestnut colour, margin +strongly incurved; g. tawny; s. white with tawny fibrils; milk white; +sp. 6-7. + +[=tithymalinus=, Fr. P. umb. then convex, depr. dry, even, glabrous, +not zoned, yellow, disc rufescent; g. adnate, crowded, yellowish then +flesh-colour; s. glabrous, colour of p.; milk white, acrid. + +=subdulcis=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. thin, at length depr. papillate, even, +glabrous, zoneless, bay or rufous cinnamon, not turning pale; g. adnate, +paler than p.; s. 3-5 cm. soon hollow, equal, rufescent, slightly +pruinose; milk white, sweet at first then very slightly acrid; sp. 9-10. + +var. _concavus_, Fr. P. rufous bay; g. reddish, pruinose; mild. + +var. _sphagneti_, Fr. P. shining, margin crenate; s. hollow, glabrous. + +=Terrei=, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 1-2 cm. wrinkled, depr. bay; g. +decur. pallid; s. thickened at base, hollow, with orange down; smell +sweet. + +[=rubescens=, Bres. P. convexo-plane then depr. rarely subumb. polished, +dry, edge at first incurved and white-pruinose, pinkish brick-red then +paler; g. crowded, pallid then pinkish-rufescent, subdecur.; s. colour +of p.; milk white, sparingly acrid; sp. 7-8. + +=cimicarius=, Batsch. Smell unpleasant, oily. P. 2-4 cm. depr. or +infund. wavy, dark bay brown; g. reddish ochre, subdecur.; s. 2-3 cm. +paler than p.; milk white; sp. 7-8. + +Smell strong, said to resemble bugs. + +=obnubilus=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. thin, convex, umbil. sooty brown, +slightly striate; g. rather crowded, yellowish; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, +slender, paler than p.; milk white; sp. 8-9. + +var. _crenatus_, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. sooty brown, coarsely sulcate, margin +crenate. + +=flexuosus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. dry, depr. wavy, lead colour or with lilac +tinge, becoming squamulose; g. thick, distant, yellow; s. 5-8 cm. stout, +solid, greyish; milk white; sp. 6-8. + +var. _roseozonatus_, Fr. P. rose colour, zones darker. + +Differs from _L. blennius_ in yellow gills. + +=plumbeus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. convex then infundib. dry, dull, sooty then +blackish brown; g. crowded, tinged yellow; s. solid, equal, stout; milk +white, acrid; sp. 6-8 × 4-6. + +[=capsicoides=, Fr. P. compact, convex-incurved, wavy, dry, glabrous, +not zoned, flesh-colour; g. broad, crowded, whitish; s. solid, short, +thick. + +Differs from _L. flexuosus_ in broad, crowded, white g. + +[=jecorinus=, Fr. P. convex then plano-depr. rugulose with elevated +ridges, zoneless, viscid, reddish liver-colour; g. distant, yellow; s. +hollow, pallid; milk white, acrid; sp. 10. + +[=crampylus=, Fr. P. convex, umbil. everywhere rugulosely tomentose, +zoneless, sooty red, edge downy; g. yellow; s. greyish; milk white, +acrid. + +=pannucius=, Fr. P. plano-discoid, zoneless, glabrous, brick-red, edge +white-tomentose at first; g. yellow; s. elongated; milk white, acrid. + +[=fluens=, Boud. P. convex, viscid, blackish olive, centre scarcely +zoned, edge pale; g. adnate, ochre with grey tinge later; s. solid, +rather viscid greyish ochre, brown when bruised like gills; milk acrid, +white then brownish. + +Differs from _L. blennius_ in larger size, tufted habit, convex p. and +darker colour. + +=fascinans=, Fr. P. convex then depr. viscid, brownish brick-red, +zoneless, edge downy white at first; g. thickish, yellowish; s. hollow, +pallid; milk white. + +=cyathicula=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. plane, umb. brick-red then pale, broken up, +opaque; g. decurrent, crowded, yellowish; s. 4-5 cm. pallid; milk white; +sp. 6-8. + +=glyciosmus=, Fr. Strong scented. P. 3-7 cm. soon exp. umb. squamulose, +greyish or brownish, opaque; g. soon pale ochre; s. 2-3 cm. pubescent, +pallid; milk white; sp. 6-10. + +var. _flexuosus_, Fr. P. wavy, somewhat zoned. + +=pyrogalus=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. livid grey; g. thin, +ochraceous; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, pallid; milk white; sp. 7-10. + +_L. flexuosus_ differs in larger size, thick gills, and squamulose dark +pileus. + +=utilis=, Weinm. P. 10-20 cm. exp. then infund. glabrous, tan; g. +adnate; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, even, coloured like p.; milk white; sp. 7-9 × +5-6. + +=mammosus=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. acutely umb. then depr. zoneless, dry, +greyish brown or lurid, covered with grey down; g. adnate, pale rusty; +s. 5-7 cm. stuffed then hollow, pallid, downy; milk white, slowly acrid; +sp. 8-9. + +=aurantiacus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. depr. even, zoneless, slightly viscid dull +orange; g. decurrent, ochre; s. 6-7 cm. coloured like p.; milk white, +becoming acrid; sp. 9-10. + +_L. volemus_ differs in pruinose stem, and _L. mitissimus_ in mild milk. + +[=Porinae=, Roll. P. very firm, rugose, glabrous, viscid, orange yellow, +generally with red zones, convex then plane, at length infundib. irreg. +subumb. edge even incurved; g. yellow then ochre, crowded; s. ochre, +rooting; milk white, scanty, rather acrid; sp. 7.5. + +=picinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. brownish umber, at +first villosely velvety then disc almost glabrous; g. adnate, much +crowded, ochre; s. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, paler; milk white; sp. 9-10. +(5-6 Sacc.) + +Velvety p. and acrid milk mark this species. + +=spinulosus=, Q. P. 2-3 cm. depr. umbo acute, flesh colour or rosy, with +minute erect spines towards margin; g. decur. flesh colour with yellow +tinge; s. 2-3 cm. flexuous, rugulose, paler than p.; milk white; sp. 8. + +var. _violaceus_, Cke. P. rosy violet; s. almost smooth. + +=lilacinus=, Lasch. P. 2-5 cm. depr. papillate, rosy-lilac, floccose +when dry; g. adnate, tinged pink; s. 2-3 cm. pallid with a white bloom; +milk white; sp. 7-10. + +=lateritioroseus=, Karst. P. plano-depr. often subinfundib. and irreg. +granulose or squamulose especially near the edge, zoneless or nearly so, +pale brick-red with rosy tinge; g. decur. pinkish; s. solid, colour of +p., apex with white meal; milk scanty, white, acrid; sp. 9-10 × 8-9. + +Differs from _Lact. lilacinus_ in decur. g. and pileus not floccose. + +=controversus=, Pers. P. 7-12 cm. umbil. then infundib. whitish with red +spots or zones; g. closely crowded, soon with flesh-coloured tint; s. +3-5 cm. white; milk white; sp. echin. 6-8. + +[=viridis=, Fr. P. depr. wavy, dry, green; g. white tinged rufous; s. +hollow, stout, base narrowed; milk white; sp. 8.5 × 6. + +[=tabidus=, Fr. P. submembranaceous, acutely umb., reddish then pale, +edge striate when moist; s. subfistulose, pallid; g. flaccid, pallid; +milk; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +Recognised by very thin, acutely umbonate p.; owing to absence of +description of milk, position uncertain. + +[=rutaceus=, Lasch. P. subdepr. almost glabrous, opaque, reddish-fawn; +g. subdecur. crowded, narrow, yellowish clay-colour. + +Smell like _Ruta graveolens_, taste bitter and of camphor. + + _Stem excentric or lateral; growing on wood._ + +[=lateripes=, Fr. P. white tinged rosy, subdimidiate; g. crowded, +pallid; s. lateral; milk white, rather acrid. + +[=hometi=, Gill. P. lateral, fleshy, convex, pale yellowish ochre, edge +irreg. flesh white then violet; g. slightly decur. narrowed at both +ends, pallid, spotted violet; s. lateral, stout, colour of p. + +=minimus=, W. G. Sm. P. 1 cm. convex, subumb. excentric, pallid tan; g. +subdecur. pallid; s. 1 cm. solid, coloured like p.; milk abundant, +white; sp. 3-4. + +=obliquus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. thin, depr. oblique, lobed, +zoned greyish, silky; g. crowded; s. subexcentric, curved; milk white; +sp. 5-6. + + +HYGROPHORUS, Fr. + + I. LIMACIUM. _Pileus viscid, stem also often so; secondary veil + floccose, forming a ring or attached to edge of p.; s. squamulose, + or scabrid at apex; g. adnato-decur._ + + * _White or yellowish._ + +[=ligatus=, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, even; g. thick, distant; s. +long, fibrillose, apex naked, ring inferior, subappend.; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +Sometimes tinged yellow, rarely spotted red. + +=chrysodon=, Fr. White, edge of p. gills and upper part of stem tinged +yellow. P. 5-7 cm. exp.; g. broad, thin; s. 5-7 cm. yellow squamules +forming ring at apex; sp. 8 × 4. + +[=gliocyclus=, Fr. P. exp. pallid-white, very glutinous; g. decur. +distant, permanently white; s. with inferior glutinous ring. + +[=hyacinthinus=, Q. Fragrant. P. snow-white, viscid, silky-shining, +margin pubescent; s. slender, striate, pruinose. + +=eburneus=, Bull. White. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, edge soon naked; g. +decur. distant, firm; s. 3-7 cm. viscid, rough with points at apex; sp. +5 × 4. + +Differs from _H. cossus_ in pure white colour and absence of unpleasant +smell. + +[=subpurpurascens=, Allesch. P. hemispher. viscid, white, tan or +brownish when dry; g. decur. white, brownish-purple when dry; s. viscid, +narrowed below and rooting, white, apex white-scurfy; sp. 6-8 × 5-6. + +=cossus=, Sow. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. exp. glutinous, shining when +dry, white with yellow tinge, edge naked; g. subdecur. distant, firm; s. +scurfy-punctate upwards; sp. 7-8 × 4-5. + +[=melizeus=, Fr. Straw colour. P. exp. depr. even; g. decur. thin, +distant; s. soft, narrowed below, apex with white squamules. + +=penarius=, Sow. P. 4-7 cm. P. umb. then exp. and obtuse, usually dry, +compact, pallid tan, opaque; g. decur. distant, thick; s. 3-5 cm. +glutinous then dry and rugulose, fusiformly rooting; sp. 7-8 × 3-4. + + ** _Reddish._ + +[=purpurascens=, Fr. P. whitish, disc with purplish squamules; g. decur. +white tinged purple; s. white, bristling with purplish squamules, ring +inferior. + +[=capreolarius=, Kalchbr. Entirely purple rufous. P. soon dry, virgate +with darker fibrils, centre squamulosely punctate, flesh reddish; g. +rigid, purplish then changing to cinnamon; s. reticulately striate with +darker purple-umber fibrils. + +=erubescens=, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. gibbous then convexo-plane, white then +deep rosy or dingy red; g. soft, white spotted red; s. 4-9 cm. reddish +fibrillose, apex red punctate; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +Usually growing in circles. Pileus and flesh white suffused with red +everywhere. + +=pudorinus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convex depr. viscid, clear reddish flesh +colour; g. distant, thick, shining white; s. 5-9 cm. white, apex +constricted and rough with points; sp. 8 × 4. + +Differs from _H. erubescens_ in pure white gills, and clearer colour of +p. + +=rubescens=, Beck. P. convex, shining, flesh-colour or yellowish, disc +often somewhat tawny; g. very distant, adnate, scarcely decur., pale +flesh-colour; s. clavate from base, yellowish white, narrowed and +floccosely-verruculose below gills; sp. 7.5-10 × 4-7; flesh of p. +reddish. + +Differs from _H. pudorinus_ and _H. discoideus_ in clavate s. and red +flesh. + +[=Queletii=, Bres. P. convex-plane, subumb. white with pinkish flecks at +centre, epidermis becoming squamulose, edge at first incurved and +white-floccose, viscid; g. adnato-decur. white or yellowish, edge +citrin; s. solid, white, scurfy with reddish flecks; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +Sometimes entirely white and p. concentrically cracked. + +=glutinifer=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. rufescent, pellicle glutinous, disc +rugosely punctate; g. arcuato-decur. white; s. 7-9 cm. stuffed, +ventricose below, viscid, colour of p., apex white squamulose; sp. ----. + +[=leucophaeus=, Fr. P. exp. pallid gilvous, disc rugosely punctate; g. +adnate then decur. pallid; s. hollow, narrowed below, pallid, apex white +floccose; sp. 6-8 × 4. + +[=Secretani=, Henn. (= _Ag. suaveolens_, Var. D. Secr.) Smell strong, +like aniseed. P. camp. exp. white, disc with rosy fibrils; g. +adnato-decur. distant, thick, white then tan or yellowish; s. white, +glabrous, apex white-floccose; sp. 11-13 × 5-6. + +[=persicinus=, Beck. P. conic then hemispher. edge incurved, peach +colour or somewhat orange, shining, even; g. thick, both ends narrowed, +decur. edge very obtuse, fuscescent; s. constricted below gills, pale +lilac-peach-colour, base yellowish; sp. 15-20 × 5-6. + +[=miniaceus=, Beck. P. convex then exp. fleshy, vermilion brick-red, +centre innately floccose; g. adnate, very distant, broad, white; s. +orange flesh-colour; flesh white soon reddish, deep rose under cuticle +of p.; sp. 6-7. + + *** _Tawny or yellow._ + +=arbustivus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. viscid, innately virgate, tawny; g. +adnate, thick, white; s. solid, 3-4 cm. pallid, apex with loose white +mealy granules; sp. 10 × 6. + +=discoideus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. depr. glutinous, pale gilvous, disc +dark and rusty; g. adnato-decur. soft, colour of p. then pallid; s. +viscid, flocculose, with white points upwards, 3-5 cm.; sp. 5-8 × 4-5. + +[=Friesii=, Sacc. (_H. nitidus_, Fr. Mon., not B. and C.). P. convex +then plane, obtuse, viscid, yellow; g. deeply decur. white then pallid; +s. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex even, white; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +[=nitidus=, Fr. P. exp. viscid, yellow; g. deeply decur. distant, white +then pallid; s. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex smooth, white. + +=aureus=, Arrh. P. 2-3 cm. exp. glutinous, golden yellow; g. +adnato-decur. white; s. 4-5 cm. reddish tawny and glutinous up to +imperfect ring; sp. 8 × 4. + +[=Bresadolae=, Q. P. campan.-exp. umb. glutinous, clear yellow, umb. +orange tawny; g. distant, thick, attenuato-decur. citrin or more or +less white; s. apex white, yellow-flocculose below ring, glutinous; sp. +8-10 × 6. + +[=lucorum=, Kalchb. P. plano-depr. subumb. viscid, whitish, disc bright +citrin, altogether yellowish when old; g. adnato-decur. pallid or +citrin, edge white; s. slender, base subbulbous, colour of p.; sp. 7 × +4. + +=aromaticus=, Sow. P. 5-7 cm. exp. very fragile, cinnamon, glutinous; g. +subdecur. white with pink tinge; s. 3-5 cm. equal, colour of p. + +Smell spicy, taste like peppermint. A fungus of uncertain affinity. + + **** _Olivaceous-umber._ + +=limacinus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. convex, obtuse, umber then smoky olive, edge +paler; g. adnato-decur. greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. solid, viscid, apex +squamulose; 12 × 8. + +Differs from _H. olivaceo-albus_ in squamulose apex of stem, and from +_H. agathosmus_ in viscid stem. + +[=vignolius=, Paniz. P. obtuse, very glutinous, olive; g. adnate, +greyish-purple then rusty, edge white; s. with dark concentric scales or +glutinous and fibrillose. + +=olivaceo-albus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, with olive gluten which +disappears leaving surface pale, umbo brown; g. adnato-decur. white; s. +5-7 cm. viscid, with a floccose ring at first, scaly and spotted brown, +apex glabrous; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=hypothejus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. exp. and more or less depr. thin, olive +gluten disappearing and leaving p. yellowish-olive or brownish, virgate; +g. decur. yellow; s. 5-9 cm. viscid, paler than p., trace of ring when +young; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +_H. olivaceo-albus_ differs in white gills. + +=cerasinus=, B. Smell strong, like cherry-laurel. P. 2-3 cm. obtusely +umb. viscid, pale umber then greyish, margin downy; g. very distant, +tinged pink; s. 5-7 cm. white, apex squamulose; sp. 8 × 4. + + ***** _Brownish grey or livid._ + +=fusco-albus=, Lasch. P. 4-5 cm. exp. even, viscid, brownish grey; g. +decur. broad, snow-white; s. 5-7 cm. equal, dry, apex white-floccose; +sp. 12-14 × 7-8. + +=agathosmus=, Fr. Smell like aniseed. P. 3-5 cm. exp. gibbous, viscid, +livid grey, disc with crowded pellucid papillae; g. decur. soft, white; +s. 5-7 cm. dry, fibrillosely striate, rough with squamules upwards; sp. +9-10 × 5. + +[=pustulatus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. viscid, livid grey, umbo fuscous, +cracked into papillae; g. adnato-decur. white, often glaucous; s. equal, +white, rough with black points; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +Var. _terebratus_, Fr. P. subumb. glabrous; g. triquetrous; s. wavy, +pure white, apex with black points. + +[=tephroleucus=, Fr. P. exp. then depr. round the brown umbo, viscid, +grey, adpressedly squamuloso-fibrillose; g. decur. white; s. solid, with +black fibrils above. + +[=hyporrhodius=, Otth. P. convex then depr. greyish brown, disc +squamulose; g. slightly decur. both ends acute, rosy white, connected by +veins; s. equal, white, granulosely squamulose. + +[=albidus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umb. cuticle longitudinally +interwoven, rugosely papillate near edge, even, whitish, viscid; g. +adnato-decur. distant, shining white; s. equal, flocculose, white; sp. +8-10 × 6. + +=mesotephrus=, B. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. hygr. viscid, striate, whitish +with brown disc; g. decur. white, s. 3-5 cm. slender, flexuous, white, +viscid, apex granular; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +=livido-albus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. even, glabrous, viscid, exp. obtuse, +thin, everywhere livid; g. decur. white; s. slender, even, almost +smooth; sp. 10 × 6. + +Differs from _H. eburneus_ in livid p. and glabrous s. + +=calophyllus=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. obsoletely umb. viscid, +even, glabrous, sooty-fuscous; g. decur. distant, joined by veins, rosy +or at length whitish; s. thicker below, wavy, pallid then sooty, +glabrous, even, dry; sp. 6-8 × 4-5. + + II. CAMAROPHYLLUS. _Veil absent. Stem not punctate or scabrid. + Pileus firm, moist in wet weather but not viscid. Gills distant, + arcuate._ + + * _Gills deeply and at length obconically decurrent._ + +=caprinus=, Scop. P. 7-12 cm. fleshy, fragile, exp. umb. rather wavy, +sooty, fibrillose; g. very broad, thick, very distant, white then +glaucous; s. 5-7 cm. solid, sooty fibrillose; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +=leporinus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convex, gibbous, reddish-yellow, +fibrilloso-floccose, opaque; g. decur. gilvous; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillose, +pallid; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +Differs from _H. pratensis_ in floccose p. + +[=alutaceorubens=, Otth. P. convex then flat, yellowish red, disc +darker; g. scarcely decur. reddish-yellow; s. cylind. rather twisted, +apex reddish and mealy, whitish below. + +[=velutinus=, Borsz. P. exp. gibbous then subdepr. even when moist, +floccosely squamulose when dry, tawny yellow; g. deeply decur. thick, +orange; s. fibrillosely squamulose, darker; sp. 8 × 4. + +=nemoreus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. equally fleshy, exp. almost glabrous, tawny +orange; g. thick, distant, colour of p.; s. squamulose, fibroso-striate, +base narrowed, pale; sp. 6-7 × 5. + +Differs from _H. pratensis_ in squamulose, pale s., and from _H. +leporinus_ in glabrous p. + +=pratensis=, Fr. Every part tawny-yellow or buff. P. 2-7 cm. disc very +fleshy, gibbous, margin thin, altogether obconic; g. deeply decur. +thick, distant; s. 3-5 cm. stuffed, even, glabrous, narrowed downwards; +sp. 6 × 4. + +Edible. Variable in size, sometimes all white or grey, s. often pale. + +Var. _cinereus_, Fr. P. and g. grey, s. whitish, slender. + +Var. _pallidus_, B. and Br. P. depr. or infundib., edge wavy, entirely +pale ochre. + +[=bicolor=, Karst. P. compact and thick, obconoid, convex, often depr. +whitish, even, glabrous, g. deeply decur. gilvous; s. long, solid, +narrowed below, glabrous, whitish; sp. 10 × 6. + +[=suberosus=, Jacobasch. P. convex, subdepr. subturbinate, not umb. +reddish yellow, g. decur. pallid; s. pallid, equal, floccosely +tomentose; sp. 3.7-5.5. + +[=Karstenii=, Sacc. and Cub. P. fleshy, disc compact, convexo-plane, +glabrous, even, whitish; g. deeply decur. distant, yellow; s. solid, +narrowed below, wavy, whitish; sp. 10 × 6. + +=virgineus=, Wulf. White. P. 3-7 cm. fleshy, exp. obtuse then depr. +becoming cracked and floccose when dry; g. distant, thickish; s. 3-5 cm. +stuffed, firm, short, narrowed downwards; sp. 8-10 × 5. Edible. + +Var. _roseipes_, Mass. Stem rosy downwards. + +=niveus=, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. tough, membranaceous, convex, umbil. +viscid; g. thin, arcuate, distant; s. 4-6 cm. slender, equal; sp. 7-8 × +4-5. + +Differs from _H. virgineus_ in smaller size, thin p. and slender equal +s. + +=russo-coriaceus=, B. and Br. White, fragrant. P. 1.5-2 cm. convex, disc +fleshy, edge thin; g. thick, very distant; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. solid, smooth, +base narrowed; sp. 8 × 5. + +Differs from _H. niveus_ in thick disc, and smell resembling Russian +leather. + +[=helvella=, Boud. P. hygr. glabrous, greyish ochre, obconic-campan. +edge sometimes wavy; g. shortly decur. narrow, grey; s. whitish, equal, +scurfy above, base thickened and downy. + +[=glaucus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umb. then depr. and somewhat wavy, +moist, glabrous, shining, even, glaucous; g. deeply decur. rather +branched, glaucous; s. wavy, with white down then glabrous, white; sp. +6-8, glob. + +[=clivalis=, Fr. White, fragile. P. campan. exp. shining, edge at first +incurved then spreading, striate; g. narrowed behind, nearly free, +ventricose, distant; s. solid, short, fragile, narrowed below; sp. 6-7 × +4. + +=ventricosus=, B. and Br. White. P. 4-7 cm. convex, disc fleshy, edge +thin, sometimes irreg.; g. deeply decur. narrow; s. 4-7 cm. ventricose, +solid, smooth; sp. 7 × 4. + +Known among white sp. by fleshy p. and stout, ventricose stem. + + ** _Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate or plano-adnate._ + +=fornicatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then exp. even, glabrous, viscid, +white or livid; g. sinuato-adnexed, thick, white; s. 5-7 cm. firm, +equal, tough, glabrous, white; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +Stem solid below, apex hollow. Pileus obsoletely umb. rather wavy; gills +sometimes free, with a decurrent tooth, not decurrent as in _H. +virgineus_. + +=distans=, B. P. 2-4 cm. exp. or depr. umbil. thin, viscid, white with +silky sheen, sometimes stained with brown; g. adnate, very distant, +white; s. 3-4 cm. white above, rather narrowed and greyish below; sp. 10 +× 8. + +[=streptopus=, Fr. Fragile, splitting. P. campan. exp. greyish white; g. +sinuato-adnate, rather crowded, white; s. hollow, rather twisted, white. + +=Clarkii=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. fragile, thin, exp. subumb. viscid, +livid grey; g. adnate with decur. tooth, broad, thick, distant, white; +s. 4-7 cm. grey, base white; sp. subgl. 12 × 10. + +_H. distans_ differs in white umbilic. p. + +=metapodius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. compact, exp. viscid then silky squamulose, +brownish; g. arcuato-decur. thick, distant, greyish; s. 3-4 cm. +glabrous, grey, reddish inside; sp. 8 × 5. + +=ovinus=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conical then exp. gibbous, viscid then +squamulose, fuscous; g. arcuato-adnate, connected by veins, grey then +rufescent; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, often twisted, pallid or dark; sp. 5 × +3-4. + +Differs from _H. metapodius_ in thin p. subequal s. and thinner g. + +[=connatus=, Karst. P. thin, convexo-exp. unequal, dry, even, grey then +pallid, silky-white then glabrous; g. decur. distant, branched, narrow, +grey; s. solid, rather wavy, squamulose above, colour of p.; sp. 7-9 × +4-5. + +[=flavus=, Lamb. Smell like new meal. P. convex, exp. then umbil. edge +sublobed, glabrous, even, yellowish; g. adnexed with decur. tooth, very +broad, ventricose, distant, whitish; s. equal, even, cylindrical, colour +of p. + +=subradiatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. submembranaceous, subumb. radiato-striate, +brownish; g. adnate with decur. tooth, thin, white; s. 3-6 cm. +fistulose, glabrous, pallid; sp. 8 × 5. + +Var. _lacmus_, Fr. P. plano-depr. lilac then pallid, disc sometimes +fibrillose; g. grey. + +=irrigatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. subumb. livid, +lubricous; g. whitish, with a decur. tooth; s. 4-7 cm. grey, very +viscid; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +_H. unguinosus_ differs in the sooty-grey gluten. + + III. HYGROCYBE. _Veil absent. Entire fungus thin, watery, fragile. + P. viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccose. Often + bright coloured._ + + * _Gills decurrent or adnate with decur. tooth._ + +=Colemannianus=, Blox. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. and strongly umb. +pale umber paler except disc when dry; g. deeply decur. connected by +veins, pale brown; s. 2-3 cm. white, silky upwards; sp. 7 × 4. + +=foetens=, Phill. Very foetid. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umber; g. grey; s. 2-3 +cm. olive yellow, squamulose; sp. subgl. 4-5. + +=sciophanus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. slightly viscid, opaque, pale brick +red, or tawny, striate; g. decur. connected by veins, tinged red; s. 3-6 +cm. hollow, subflexuous, smooth; sp. ----. + +[=sulcatus=, Karst. P. campan. exp. viscid, sulcate except disc, deep +tawny; s. hollow, equal, glabrous, viscid, yellowish; g. decur. +yellowish. + +=laetus=, Fr. (= _H. Houghtoni_, B.). P. 2-3 cm. thin, convexo-plane, +viscid, tawny; g. thin, distant, paler than p. decur.; s. 5-7 cm. tough, +equal, viscid, colour of p.; sp. 7 × 4-5. + +Differs from _H. sciophanus_ in viscid stem. + +=vitellinus=, Fr. Every part clear lemon yellow, paler when dry. P. +1.5-2.5 cm. viscid, edge plicato-striate; g. decur. rather distant; s. +3-5 cm. hollow, fragile; sp. 6 × 4. + +=ceraceus=, Wulf. P. 2-3 cm. fragile, thin, exp. viscid, shining, +wax-yellow; g. adnate, subdecur. distant, broad, almost triangular, +yellow; s. hollow, 3-4 cm. hollow, colour of p. often flexuous; sp. 8 × +6. + +Differs from _H. vitellinus_ in broad gills and wax-yellow s. and p. + +=coccineus=, Schaeff. P. 2.5-3 cm. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse, +viscid, glabrous, scarlet then pale; g. adnate with decur. tooth, +connected by veins, reddish or yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, compr. +yellowish, crimson above; sp. 10-12 × 6. (6-8 × 4-5.) + +Differs from _H. puniceus_ in adnate g. and yellow base of s., from _H. +miniatus_ in glabrous p. and yellow base of s. + +=miniatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. fragile, thin, convex then umbil. scarlet +then pale, opaque and squamulose; g. adnate, distant, yellow and red; s. +3-5 cm. terete, polished, scarlet; sp. 10 × 6. + +=turundus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. thin, convex then umbil. very brittle, +covered with greyish-brown down then squamulose; g. decur. distant, +white then yellowish; s. 2-3 cm. tawny, polished; sp. ----. + +P. soon broken up into smoky squamules, but golden and viscid at first. + +Var. _mollis_, B. and Br. P. golden with fibrils of same colour; s. +yellow; g. shortly decur. + +Var. _lepidus_, Boud. Brilliant golden orange; p. convex, squamulose or +hirsuto-tomentose, umbil. then golden, centre deepest; g. thick distant, +deeply and abruptly decur. pallid; s. elongated, colour of p.; sp. 9-10 +× 5-6. + +=mucronellus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. submembranaceous, fragile, conic then +campan. acutely umb. glabrous, vermilion then pale; g. decur. +triangular, thick, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. slender, colour of p. base white; +sp. ----. + +=Wynniae=, B. and Br. (= _Clitocybe xanthophylla_, Bres., _fide_ Berk.). +P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, convex then umbil. or infundib., striate, lemon +yellow, greenish when dry; g. decur. yellowish then tinged green; s. 2-3 +cm. colour of p.; sp. 7-8 × 6. + +[=syrjensis=, Karst. P. thin convex, disc depr. glabrous, even, dry, +fuscous-white or dingy yellowish; g. deeply decur. brownish, somewhat +branched; s. equal, pallid; sp. 6 × 3-4. + +=micaceus=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm. thin, exp. yellow then grey with +green tinge, wrinkled, micaceous; g. decur. pale umber; s. 2-2.5 cm. +slender, yellow, base brown; sp. 4 × 3. + + ** _Gills adnexed then separating from stem._ + +=puniceus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. campan. obtuse, wavy, viscid, crimson then +pale; g. slightly adnexed, thick, distant, yellow; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, +striate, colour of p. base white; sp. 8 × 5. + +Differs from _H. coccineus_ in adnexed g. and striate stem with white +base. + +Var. _nigrescens_, Q. Becoming blackish everywhere. P. orange, virgate, +then grey and silky; s. striate, yellow, apex red. + +=obrusseus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conico-convex, wavy, golden yellow, shining; +g. adnato-ventricose, thick, distant; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, subcompressed, +glabrous, even, yellow, base tawny; sp. 10-12 × 7. + +Tawny base of stem not always evident. + +[=citrino-croceus=, Beck. P. convex, flattened, glabrous, shining, +citrin-saffron, disc golden, edge whitish, slightly upturned; g. very +distant, broad, shortly decur. white; s. solid, subequal white or +spotted citrin; sp. 7.5-8.5 × 3.5-5. + +=intermedius=, Pass. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. +silky-fibrillose, golden then greyish; g. adnate, ventricose, white then +yellow; s. 4-7 cm. yellow, fibrillosely striate; sp. 8-9 × 6. + +Differs from _H. obrusseus_ in strong mealy smell, and p. becoming grey. + +=conicus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conical, acute, often lobed, yellow or tinged +crimson; g. nearly free, thin, yellowish; s. 3-9 cm. hollow +fibroso-striate, colour of p.; sp. 10-11 × 6-8. + +Every part blackish when bruised or old. + +[=albus=, Otth. P. conical, obtuse, even, white; g. free, snow-white; s. +white, striate, shining. + +Differs from _Hygr. conicus_ in colour and obtuse p. + +=calyptraeformis=, B. P. 3-7 cm. acutely conical then splitting and +exp. clear rose then paler; g. slightly adnexed, tinged rose; s. 6-9 cm. +hollow, white; sp. 7 × 4. + +Var. _niveus_, Cke. Entirely white. + +=chlorophanus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. fragile, very thin, convex, obtuse, +viscid, yellow, sometimes crimson; g. emarginate, adnexed, white tinged +yellow; s. viscid when moist, even, everywhere yellow, 4-7 cm.; sp. 8 × +5. + +Differs from _H. conicus_ in not becoming black. + +=psittacinus=, Schaeff. P. 1.5-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate, +yellow and orange, with green gluten; g. thick, distant, greenish; s. +3-5 cm. glutinous, yellow, apex green; sp. 10 × 5. + +=spadiceus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. thin, conical, acute, fibrilloso-virgate, +with olive-bay gluten, blackish and shining when dry; g. citrin; s. 5-7 +cm. hollow, dry, tawny-fibrillose; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +Differs from _H. conicus_ in virgate p. and thicker g. not narrowed +behind. + +[=squalidus=, Lasch. Fragile. P. campan. exp. gibbous, and with the +glabrous hollow s. sooty and glutinous, orange after the gluten has +gone; g. thick, livid then fuscous, edge orange. + +=unguinosus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. fragile, thin, obtuse, uneven, smooth, with +smoky-brown dripping gluten, becoming cracked; g. white; s. 4-5 cm. +hollow, with smoky gluten; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +[=obscuratus=, Karst. P. fragile, convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose, sooty +or livid blackish, mouse-colour when dry; g. sinuato-adnate, whitish or +glaucous; s. unequal, usually inflated below, wavy, glabrous, pallid, +centre often tinged smoky; sp. 7-10 × 3-5. + +=nitratus=, Pers. Smell strong, nitrous. P. 3-5 cm. deformed, viscid, +soon dry and squamulose, brownish-grey; g. broad, distant, white then +glaucous; s. 4-7 cm. polished, white or tinged yellow; sp. 8 × 5. + +There are two forms, a large one in woods, and a smaller one in +pastures, structure that of _H. coccineus_, but colours very different. +Readily distinguished by the strong nitrous smell. + +[=Schulzeri=, Bres. P. hemispher. exp. or depr. dry, even, livid +cinnamon; g. distant, subdecur. white then greyish; s. dry, colour of +p., apex white-scurfy; inodorous; sp. glob. 3-3.5. + +[=glauconitens=, Fr. Rigid. P. fibrillosely virgate, olive-black or +sooty then pale; g. glaucous; s. equal, shining; sp. 6-8 × 6-7. + +Fries thinks this may be a young state of _H. nitratus_. Smell same but +weaker. + +[=Marzuolus=, Bres. (= _Clitocybe Marzuolus_, Bres.). P. 4.5-7 cm. s. +4-7 cm. base clavate; sp. 6-7 × 4-5. + +Bresadola considers this sp. is the _Clitocybe_ of Fries. + + +CLITOCYBE, Fr. + + A. _P. fleshy, not hygr. pale and silky when dry._ + + * DISCIFORMES. _P. fleshy, convex then plane or subdepressed._ + + + _P. greyish or brownish._ + +=nebularis=, Batsch. P. 6-12 cm. convex then subgibbous, grey, at first +with grey meal; g. narrow, subdecur. crowded, pallid; s. 5-8 cm. +narrowed upwards, fibrillose, pale; sp. 6 × 3.5. Edible. + +=clavipes=, Pers. P. 3-6 cm. convex then plane, naked, grey or brownish; +g. decur. down stem, rather distant; s. obconic, fibrillose, 4-5 cm. +livid sooty; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=comitalis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, sooty umber; s. 4-7 cm. +obconic, sooty; g. plane, crowded; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=gangraenosa=, Fr. Foetid. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, obtuse, whitish, +variegated black, greenish, livid &c.; g. dingy white; s. 3-4 cm. +striate, somewhat bulbous; sp. ----. + +=polius=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, regular, grey; g. decur. closely +crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. equal, glabrous, whitish; sp. ----. + +_C. fumosa_ differs in cartilaginous substance, mealy apex of stem, +hygr. &c. + +=inornata=, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. plane or depr. pale greyish tan often with +olive tinge, cuticle separable; g. adnate then decur. grey; s. 3-4 cm. +glabrous, greyish; sp. ----. + +[=Cardarella=, Fr. Convex then plano-depr. glabrous, shining, covered +with a thick separable pellicle, blackish red, very viscid; g. decur. +broad, shining white; s. solid, stout, white. Edible. + +[=auricula=, D. C. P. hemispher. even, glabrous, edge incurved, naked, +greyish brown; g. white; s. solid, glabrous, white. + +[=nimbata=, Batsch. P. camp.-convex, even, thin margin incurved, white +mealy; g. crowded, arcuate, white; s. solid, innately squamulose, +squamules becoming blackish. + +[=luscina=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge spreading, naked, fuscous +then livid; g. subdecur. crowded; s. solid, short, narrowed downwards, +powdered with white meal. + +[=curtipes=, Fr. P. exp. oblique, obtuse, brown then pale, flesh brown; +g. closely crowded, white; s. short, rigid, fuscous, thickened upwards, +pale and subpruinose. + +=hirneola=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then plane, silky shining, grey then +pale; g. crowded, hoary; s. 4-5 cm. slender, subflexuous, grey, apex +with white meal; sp. 5 × 3. + +var. _major_, Fr. P. wavy, slightly zoned, whitish. + +var. _undulata_, ----. P. exp. slightly wavy and zoned, whitish; s. +thickened downwards. + +[=dothiophora=, Fr. P. exp. oblique, gibbous, hoary; g. decur. crowded, +whitish; s. solid, short, excentric, glabrous. + + ++ _Pileus violet or rufescent._ + +=cyanophaea=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane, obtuse, brownish-blue; g. deeply +decur. violet then pale; s. 6-7 cm. narrowed upwards, bluish when young, +apex abruptly white; sp. ----. + +Differs from _Trich. nudum_ in decurrent gills, &c. + +[=tyrianthina=, Fr. Exp. even, purplish flesh colour, pellicle separable +when dry; g. rosy violet; s. villose then striate. + +Differs from _C. gilva_ in springing from a fiery-red mycelium. Somewhat +resembling _Trich. personatum_. + +=opiparia=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. nearly plane, obtuse, yellowish flesh-colour, +shining; g. white, connected by veins; s. 4-7 cm. solid, glabrous, +whitish; sp. ----. + +=amara=, Fr. Taste very bitter. P. 3-5 cm. plane, obtuse or subumb. +floccosely broken up, rufescent; g. crowded, narrow, white; s. 4-5 cm. +white, solid, floccose then glabrous; sp. 4 × 2. + +[=vulpecula=, Kalchb. P. exp. depr. gilvous-rufescent; g. acutely +adnate, narrow; s. hollow, naked, whitish. + +=socialis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, yellowish-red; g. tinged yellow; +s. 2-3 cm. reddish, rooting base hairy; sp. ----. + +Stem strigose as in _Marasmius personatus_. + + +++ _Pileus becoming yellowish._ + +=amarella=, Pers. Smell strong, taste bitter. P. 4-5 cm. plane, subumb. +reddish-yellow or fawn colour; g. tinged grey, shining; s. 4-5 cm. +pallid grey, white down at base; sp. ----. + +[=veneris=, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, yellow; g. crowded, shining white; s. +elastic, glabrous, white. + +=vernicosa=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous, gilvous or deep +yellow; g. yellow; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ----. + +Distinguished from _Trich. cerinum_ by decur. gills. + +=venustissima=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, striate, orange, tinged red; +g. decur. orange; s. 3-4 cm. long, glabrous, orange-red; sp. 6 × 3.5. + +=alutacea=, Cke. and Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then umbil. edge +incurved, even, tan; g. narrow, crowded, arcuate, decur. paler than p.; +s. 3-4 cm. smooth, pale; sp. 6 × 4. + +=subalutacea=, Batsch. P. 3-5 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, yellowish then +pale; g. broad, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. firm, elastic, glabrous; sp. ----. + + ++++ _Pileus greenish or pallid._ + +=odora=, Sow. Smell fragrant. P. 4-5 cm. wavy, pale, dingy opaque green; +g. adnate, not crowded, pallid; s. 3-4 cm. elastic; sp. 6-8 × 4-5. + +=Trogii=, Fr. Smell fragrant. P. 4-5 cm. compact, greyish white; g. +crowded, white; s. 4-5 cm. whitish, solid; sp. ----. + +Stouter than _C. odora_, and p. greyish, not green. + +[=vilis=, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. glabrous, pellucidly striate, +livid, pallid when dry; g. decur. pallid; s. equal, wavy, glabrous, +umber, apex white-scurfy, livid when dry; sp. 2.5-3.5 × 2. + +[=bifurcata=, Weinm. P. exp. rather silky, clay-colour then pale, edge +substriate; g. adnato-decur. simple or bifurcate, white; s. fibrillose. + +=rivulosa=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. exp. or depr. obtuse, flesh-colour, +rufescent &c. then pale, glabrous then with white down; g. broad, rather +crowded, faintly tinged pink; s. 4-5 cm. tough, rather fibrillose, +whitish; sp. 6 × 3.5. + +var. _neptunea_, Cke. Smaller than type. + +[=rigidata=, Karst. P. rigid, plane, depr. unequal, even, glabrous, +pallid then whitish; g. adnate, pallid; s. thickened upwards, often +compr. rooting, pallid; sp. 4-5 × 2-3. + + +++++ _Pileus white, shining when dry._ + +=cerussata=, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. plane, obtuse, even, subglabrous; g. +closely crowded, adnate; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, elastic; sp. ----. + +var. _difformis_. Tufted, p. lobed; s. rugose; g. pallid. + +var. _obtextus_, Lasch. Snow-white. P. fibrillosely interwoven then +glabrous, rather viscid; g. subdecur. crowded. + +[=puellula=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, subumb. even, glabrous, shining +white; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. subequal, straight, elastic, white +with blackish squamules; sp. 9-12 × 5-7. + +Allied to _Clito. cerrusatus_ but smaller and with black squamules on +stem. + +[=adsentiens=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, even, at length scaly, +white; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. short, base thickened, +white with blackish scales; sp. ----. + +=phyllophila=, Fr. Whitish-tan. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, umbil. not +becoming pale, veil forming a silvery zone near margin; g. rather +distant, white then pallid; silky-fibrous, tough, 5-8 cm.; sp. 6 × 4. + +=pithyophila=, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, becoming +shining white; g. crowded, permanently white; s. 4-5 cm. often compr. +base downy; sp. ----. + +=tornata=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 cm. orbicular, subdepr. glabrous, shining; +g. rather crowded; s. stuffed, glabrous, 3-4 cm.; 4-6 × 3-4 µ. + +Very regular in form. + +var. _opala_, Fr. White. P. viscid. + +[=olorina=, Fr. Whitish. P. exp. even, glabrous; s. hollow, rigid, +cylindrical, squamulose; g. subdecur. crowded. + +=candicans=, Pers. White. P. 2-3 cm. plane or subdepr. umbil. with +adpressed silkiness, shining white when dry; g. adnate then decur. +crowded; s. 3-5 cm. subfistulose, cartilaginous, shining; sp. 5-6 × 4. + +=dealbata=, Sow. White. P. 2-3 cm. plane then upturned and wavy, +glabrous, rather shining; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. 2-3 cm. entirely +fibrous, thin, equal, stuffed; sp. 4-5 × 2.5. + +=gallinacea=, Scop. White, taste acrid. P. depr. even, dry, opaque; g. +crowded, narrow; s. 2-3 cm. equal, even, solid; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. dealbata_ in dingy white, opaque p. and acrid taste. + + ** DIFFORMES. _Pileus fleshy at the disc, margin thin, umb. at + first, then exp. depr. and irregular._ + +=decastes=, Fr. Clustered. P. 10-25 cm. wavy, subumb. glabrous, +uniformly dingy brown or livid, then pale; g. crowded, wavy, white; s. +9-16 cm. long, solid, glabrous, white, apex pruinose; sp. globose, 4-5. + +=subdecastes=, Cke. and Mass. Clustered. P. 3-5 cm. convex, obtuse, +ochre, paler towards lobed margin; g. crowded, white; s. 8-12 cm. +fibrillose, whitish; sp. globose, 4-5. + +=ampla=, Pers. P. 7-12 cm. convex then exp. wavy, sooty then livid, +even; g. broad, smoky then dingy white; s. 9-14 cm. subcartilaginous, +naked, white, apex somewhat downy; sp. ----. + +[=molybdina=, Bull. P. camp. exp. umb. glabrous, sooty, disc livid +rufous, then pale; g. horn colour then pallid; s. stout, fibrillosely +striate, mealy squamulose upwards, pallid. + +[=coffeata=, Fr. P. brownish fawn then sooty grey, fawn colour and +shining when dry, virgate or spotted; g. decur. dingy white, as is also +the glabrous s. + +=aggregata=, Schaeff. Tufted. P. 5-9 cm. wavy, greyish or reddish +yellow, then pale, silkily virgate; g. yellowish flesh colour; s. 7-10 +cm. fibrillose, narrowed below and often grown together at base; sp. +----. + +[=hortensis=, Pers. Caespitose, elastic. P. exp. obsoletely umb. sooty, +blackish; g. decur. white then flesh-colour; s. hollow, rather wavy. + +[=tabescens=, Scop. (= _Coll. tabescens_, Fr.). P. conico-campan. exp. +umb. depr. round umbo, tawny honey-colour, or tawny-brown, disc scaly; +g. decur. pallid then pinkish tan; s. fibrillosely scaly, pallid or +lurid yellow, elongated; sp. 8-10 × 5-7. + +Closely resembling _Armillaria mellea_, but no ring on stem. + +[=anapacta=, Pers. P. depr. wavy, brown, edge incurved; g. broad, dingy +tan; s. narrowed below, pallid. + +=elixa=, Sow. P. 5-9 cm. unequal, wavy, disc umb. smoky buff, edge +paler; g. distant; s. 3-5 cm. solid, dingy, subfloccose; sp. 7 × 4. + +=fumosa=, Pers. Tufted. P. 3-5 cm. subcartilaginous, obtuse, wavy, sooty +brown then pale; g. adnate, livid; s. 5-8 cm. often twisted, dingy, apex +minutely mealy; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +Differs from _C. elixa_ in obtuse, non-virgate p. + +[=effocatella=, Viv. Caespitose. P. convex, even, glabrous, livid +chestnut or umber; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. naked, ventricose +below. + +=tumulosa=, Kalchbr. Tufted. P. 2.5 cm. umb. even, umber then pale; g. +soon greyish; s. 8-12 cm. solid, dingy, floccosely pruinose; sp. ----. + +=pergamena=, Cke. Tufted. P. 2-5 cm. convex then plane, subumb. pallid; +g. broadly adnate with decur. tooth, white; s. 8-12 cm. whitish, apex +squamulose; cartilaginous; sp. ----. + +[=humosa=, Fr. P. fragile, exp. wavy, fuscous; g. adfixed, both ends +narrowed; s. short, whitish like the gills. + +[=adunata=, Secr. Tufted, foetid. P. exp. gibbous then depr. white +becoming spotted red then rufous, becoming viscid; g. decur. crowded, +eroded, dingy red; s. stout, twisted, narrowed below, whitish. + +=cryptarum=, Letell. Tufted. P. somewhat conical, flocculose, spotted +brown; g. decur. narrow, white; s. white, striate. + +A doubtful species. + +[=hebepodia=, Fr. P. exp. depr. unequal, even, grey then pale; g. decur. +white; s. woolly, white. + +[=connata=, Schum. Shining white. P. conical exp. unequal, moist, obtuse +umbo disappearing; g. unequally decur. narrow, crowded; stems numerous, +hollow, collected at base into a tuberous mass. + +=opaca=, Fr. White. P. 3-6 cm. umb. often depr. and wavy, minutely +flocculose; g. closely crowded; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, wavy; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. cerrusata_ in umbonate p. + +=occulta=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. depr. virgate, viscid, disc smoky rest +whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid, +white; sp. ----. + +=monstrosa=, Sow. P. 3-5 cm. umb. wavy, opaque white; g. adnato-decur. +creamy; s. 2-4 cm. opaque white, streaked; sp. ----. + +=marzuola=, Fr. P. compact, exp. subdepr. even, wavy, dusky; g. +unequally decur.; s. stout, short, white. + + *** INFUNDIBILIFORMES. _Pileus fleshy at disc, thinner towards the + margin, becoming deeply umbilicate or infundibuliform._ + + + _Pileus coloured, or becoming pallid, silky._ + +=gigantea=, Sow. (= _Pax. giganteus_, Fr.) P. 12-20 cm. infundib. +whitish or tinged tan, edge coarsely striate; g. closely crowded; s. +pallid, solid, glabrous, 3-5 cm.; sp. 5 × 3. + +=maxima=, Fr. 12-25 cm. infundib. subumb. whitish or tinged tan, edge +even; g. deeply decur.; s. 7-10 cm. compact, fibrillosely striate, +whitish; sp. 6 × 4. + +=infundibiliformis=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. convex, umb. then infundib. +yellowish pink then pale, innately silky; g. deeply decur.; s. 5-7 cm. +thinner upwards, pallid; sp. 5-6 × 3-4. + +var. _membranacea_, Fr. P. not umb.; s. equal; altogether more slender +than type. + +[=squamulosa=, Pers. P. obtuse, tan, squamulose, at first obtuse, deeply +infundib.; g. decur. distant, white; s. narrowed upwards, elastic. + +[=nauseosodulcis=, Karst. Very foetid when old. P. irregular, convex +then plane, glabrous, often areolately squamulose, entirely clay-colour; +g. decur. pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, usually unequal and +curved, solid, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +Connato-caespitose, resembling _Pleurotus sapidus_. + +[=Panizzii=, Barla. Caespitose. P. convex then umbil. or infundib. white +or grey, edge lobed, wavy; g. thin, narrow, striately decur. pale or +tinged rose; s. long, wavy, white; flesh elastic, white. + +=trullaeformis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse then infundib. edge spreading, +greyish brown, floccosely villose; g. decur. connected by veins; s. 4-5 +cm. striate, grey; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. cyathiforme_ in pure white flesh and gills. + +=incilis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plane then umbil. or infundib. margin silky, +incurved, crenate, brick red; g. white then pallid, connected by veins; +s. 1-2 cm. base narrowed, red; sp. 7 × 4. + +[=pulla=, Gill. P. depr. then infundib. glabrous, hygr. brown then pale; +g. united by veins, lilac grey; s. swollen at base which is downy, +colour of p. white-fibrillose below, wavy. + +Near _C. obbata_, which differs in striate margin, equal s. and distant +gills. + +[=lenticulosa=, Gill. P. exp. umbil. then infundib. dry, reddish orange, +tuberculose near the even edge; g. crowded, white then tinged rose, +finally colour of p.; s. solid, paler than p. + +Differs from _C. lentiginosa_ in solid s. and edge of p. not striate. + +=sinopica=, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2-3 cm. brick red then pale, +plane then umbil. at length flocculose; g. closely crowded, white then +yellow; s. red, fibrillose, 3-5 cm.; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. incilis_ in solid stem, even edge of p. and yellowish +g. + +[=Arnoldi=, Boud. P. depr. then infundib. wavy, subtomentose, minutely +squamulose, ochrey brick-red; g. whitish; s. colour of p. fibrillose +below; sp. 9-11 × 5-6. + +[=lentiginosa=, Fr. P. plane, deeply umbil. with concentric zones of +minute tubercles, yellowish ochre; g. deeply decur. yellow; s. hollow, +equal, yellowish fuscous. + +=parilis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. disc depr. edge involute, greyish white, +ornately flocculose; g. narrow, greyish white; s. 2.3 cm. fibrous, +sooty; sp. ----. + + ++ _Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous._ + +=geotropa=, Bull. P. 5-12 cm. plane then infundib. obtusely umb. pallid; +g. crowded, white then pallid; s. 7-12 cm. solid, fibrillose, flesh +white; sp. 6-7 × 4-5. + +[=candida=, Bres. Large. P. fleshy, plano-convex then depr. edge +involute, even, pubescent, white becoming tinged tan; g. much crowded, +narrow, attenuato-decur. white then pallid; s. stout, short, white; +flesh white; sp. 7 × 3. + +Close to _C. geotropa_ and _C. gigantea_. Differs in pure white colour +and in sp. + +=gilva=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. soon depr. and wavy, dingy ochre, flesh same +colour; g. closely crowded, ochre; s. 2-2.5 cm. solid, ochre; sp. subgl. +4-5. + +=subinvoluta=, Batsch. P. 5-8 cm. convex then depr. tinged brick red, +fibrillose, zoned; g. pale tan; s. 4-5 cm. reddish, grooved; sp. ----. + +=spinulosa=, W. G. Sm. P. 3-5 cm. depr. gibbous, yellowish pink, edge +even, incurved; g. white then pale yellow; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, +whitish, zoned with tan; sp. globose, spinulose, 8-9. + +=splendens=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. plane then depr. or infund. +pinkish-yellow, shining; g. deeply decur. white; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, +yellow; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. gilva_ in white flesh. + +=inversus=, Scop. P. 5-9 cm. convex then infundib. edge involute, +rufescent; g. soon tinged rufous; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, rigid, paler than +p. flesh pallid; sp. subg. 4-5. Often tufted. + +=flaccidus=, Sow. P. 5-8 cm. thin, flaccid, umbil. then infund. edge +reflexed, tawny or rusty; g. yellowish; s. 3-4 cm. rusty, rather wavy; +sp. 4-5 × 3-4. Often tufted. + +var. _lobatus_, Fr. Tufted. P. darker, edge lobed. + +[=rhodoleuca=, Rom. Fleshy, almost glabrous, in dry weather pure white +except gills which are tinted rose; in rainy weather everywhere inside +and out deep rose, gills darkest. P. obconic, convex or almost flattened +above; sp. 6-9 × 5-6.5. + +[=zizyphana=, Viv. P. convex then infundib. often excentric, rufous +brown, flesh reddish white; g. yellow; s. equal, pallid. + +[=cervina=, Hoffm. P. plano-infundib. oblique, glabrous, edge convex, +greyish fawn, subzoned; g. pallid, edge darker; s. cylindrical, base +tuberous. + +[=garidelli=, Fr. P. convex, at first umbil. edge incurved, deep rose to +flesh colour; g. decur. crowded, edge red; s. short, stout, flesh +colour. Edible. + +[=ambigua=, Karst. P. tough, orbicular, convex, obtuse, glabrous, even, +pallid rufous tinged pink then pale; g. adnato-decur. pallid; s. +glabrous, wavy, whitish, base woolly; sp. 4-5 × 3. + +[=paropsis=, Fr. P. plano-depr. glabrous, edge spreading, flaccid, +rufous or flesh-colour; g. narrow, shining white; s. cylindrical, base +rather bulbous. + +=vermicularis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, umbil. then infund. edge +incurved, often wavy, reddish tan then pale, flesh same colour; g. +closely crowded, white; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, elastic, striate, paler than +p.; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=cacaba=, Fr. P. flaccid, infundib. glabrous, edge broadly reflexed, +sooty; g. very deeply decur. closely crowded, dark grey; s. striate, +base thickened, downy. + +=senilis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. infundib. brownish tan, concentrically +cracked, edge spreading; g. narrow, soon colour of p.; s. 2-3 cm. solid, +glabrous, pallid; sp. 5-6 × 4. + + +++ _Pileus clear white._ + +=catina=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plane then infundib. glabrous, white, +discoloured when old; g. decur. somewhat crowded, white; s. 3-7 cm. +elastic, white; sp. ----. + +_C. infundibiliformis_ differs in not being umb. and in being glabrous. +_C. phyllophila_ differs in adnate gills. + +=tuba=, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. umbil. margin even, shining with a silky +lustre when dry; g. broad, closely crowded, decur.; s. 4-5 cm. equal, +soon hollow and compressed; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. pithyophila_ in umbil. p.; g. deeply decurrent. + +=ericetorum=, Bull. White. P. 2-3 cm. fleshy, subturbinate, glabrous, +shining when dry; g. distant, connected by veins; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous; +sp. ----. + +Resembling _Hygr. niveus_ in appearance. + + B. _Pileus thin, hygrophanous, soft, watery._ + + **** CYATHIFORMES. _P. thin, depressed then cup-shaped. Colour + dingy when moist._ + +=cyathiformis=, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. deeply depr. edge incurved, sooty-brown +then pale; g. dingy; s. 5-9 cm. stuffed, elastic, narrowed upwards, +reticulately fibrillose, sooty; sp. ----. + +var. _cinerascens_, Fr. Smaller. P. pale grey-brown; g. tinged yellow. + +=expallens=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. plane then deeply depr. greyish brown then +pale, margin soon expanded; g. greyish white; s. 4-5 cm. greyish white, +hollow, equal; sp. ----. + +=obbata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plane, umbil. then deeply depr. sooty brown, +edge at length striate; g. decur. distant, greyish, pruinose with white; +s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, greyish brown, hollow; sp. ----. + +[=fritilliformis=, Lasch. Convex-umbil. then infundib. glabrous, grey +then pallid, becoming fuscescent when dry, edge sublobed; g. thickish, +pallid; s. subtomentose, thickened upwards. + +[=calatha=, Fr. P. exp. infundib. hygr. edge soon spreading, even, +sooty; g. deeply decur. violet then reddish; s. solid, tough, striately +rugose, narrowed below, violet then reddish. + +=pruinosa=, Lasch. P. 4-5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. brown, powdered +with grey bloom; g. decur. crowded, narrow, dingy; s. 3-5 cm. +fibrillose, pallid; sp. ----. + +=concava=, Scop. P. 3-5 cm. broadly and deeply umbil. flaccid, wavy, +dark grey; g. decur. narrow, smoky; s. 2-3 cm. equal, glabrous, grey; +sp. ----. + +[=vibecina=, Fr. P. exp. then infundib. greyish livid then pale, margin +soon extended, striate; g. deeply decur. greyish white; s. hollow, +glabrous, rather wavy. + +[=Queletii=, Fr. P. convex, umbil. whitish with brown squamules when +dry; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. flocculose, whitish. + +=suaveolens=, Fr. Fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. convex then concave, discoid, +buff, hygr. margin striate; gills crowded, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. thinner +upwards, tinged brown; sp. 8 × 5. + +Among grass. Differs from _C. fragrans_ in concave pileus with striate +margin. + +=brumalis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. flaccid, +glabrous, wavy, livid, pale when dry; g. pallid; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, +whitish, often curved; sp. 4-5 × 3-4. + + ***** ORBIFORMES. _Pileus rather fleshy, convex then flattened or + depressed, polished; g. adnate; dingy, becoming pale._ + + + _Gills grey or olive._ + +=orbiformis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convexo-plane, even, smoky grey; g. greyish +white; s. 5-7 cm. naked, narrowed upwards, grey; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. cyathiforme_ in plane p. + +[=applanata=, Secr. P. exp. disc depr. flaccid, lurid then hoary; g. +greyish white; s. fuscous with white down, pallid and silky fibrillose +upwards. + +[=insignis=, Gill. P. conical, convex, then exp. edge more or less wavy +and upturned, much depr. round strong umbo, even, glabrous, red, umb. +rusty; g. closely crowded, clear white; s. cylindrical, solid, colour of +p. + +[=papillata=, Gillet. P. convex then exp. with a little persistent brown +umbo, glabrous, hygr. slightly striate, clear reddish; g. pallid; s. +subequal, wavy, white-pruinose, apex colour of p. + +[=radicellata=, Godey. P. convex, umbil. purplish brown, grey-pruinose; +g. crowded, soon yellowish grey; s. equal, curved, colour of g. with a +white bloom, base white with a number of branched strands. + +[=ochracea=, Gill. P. irreg. umb. uniformly ochre, silky or pruinose; g. +distant; s. excentric, colour deeper than p. + +[=macrophylla=, Karst. P. thin, convex, orbicular, livid-white then +paler and shining; g. adnate, very broad, triangular, white; s. wavy, +whitish, glabrous, base thickened; sp. ----. + +[=lepiphylla=, Gill. P. convex then depr. uniformly pale grey then +pallid; g. decur. tinged grey; s. elastic, wavy, grey, with a white +bloom, with longitudinal whitish striae. + +=metachroa=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane then depr. brownish grey, then +livid, at last pallid; g. pale grey; s. 2-3 cm. grey, apex mealy; sp. +----. + +=zygophylla=, Cke. and Mass. P. 4-7 cm. thin, wavy, slightly depr. +greyish ochre then pallid, edge plicate; g. deeply decur. grey, veined; +s. 4-5 cm. smooth, pallid; sp. 8 × 4. + +=pausiaca=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, umber with olive tinge, often +silky; g. adnate, olive; s. 4-6 cm. striate, coloured like p., apex +powdery; sp. ----. + +=ditopa=, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2-3 cm. plane then depr. brownish +grey then pale, often wavy; g. adnate, dusky grey; s. 2.3 cm. hollow; +sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. metachroa_ in mealy smell. + +[=nubila=, Fr. P. exp. umb. livid then tan, glabrous; g. subdecur. +rather distant, brownish tan; s. slender, apex pruinose. + +[=obola=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous, hygr. livid then +whitish; g. adnate, livid; s. equal, thin, striate, naked, livid. + + ++ _Gills whitish._ + +=diatreta=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. plane then depr. edge involute, pubescent, +often wavy, flesh colour then pallid tan; g. with an acute decur. tooth, +crowded, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. pallid, straight, terete; sp. ----. + +=fragrans=, Sow. Smell strong, spicy, 2-3 cm. depr. pallid; g. subdecur. +rather crowded; s. 4-5 cm. elastic, glabrous; sp. ----. + +_C. suaveolens_ differs in cup-shaped p. and brownish stem. + +=angustissima=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plano-depr. edge spreading, pallid, +shining white when dry; g. subdecur. narrow, closely crowded; s. 4-5 cm. +white, naked, flexuous; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=isabellina=, Q. P. yellowish white, umb. hygr.; g. thick, often +branched, whitish; s. fistulose, wavy, white, base narrowed. + +=obsoletus=, Batsch. Smell spicy, but weak. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. even, +pale pinky tan, pale when dry; g. obtusely adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. +elastic, soon hollow, whitish; sp. ----. + +[=mortuosa=, Fr. P. plano-depr. umber or brown then pale, even; g. +adnate, closely crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, glabrous, compr. +whitish. + +[=gyrans=, Fr. P. convex-umb. even, glabrous, hygr. edge broadly +incurved, whitish; g. crowded, white; s. hollow, glabrous. + + ****** VERSIFORMES. _Pileus thin, convex then deformed, squamulose + or furfuraceous; g. adnate, broad; usually distant and powdered + with the white spores._ + +=ectypa=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. then depr. revolute, dingy yellow or +rufescent, slightly streaked with dark fibrils, edge slightly striate; +g. adnate, pallid then spotted with red and powdered with the spores; s. +5-10 cm. dingy yellowish, fibrillose; sp. 9 × 6. + +[=difformis=, Pers. P. convex, plane, subumbil. glabrous, hygr. striate +when moist, even when dry, at length subsquamulose, livid then whitish; +g. adnate, distant; s. hollow, glabrous, shining. + +var. _stygia_, Fr. P. campan. umbil.; g. adnexed, ventricose; s. long, +slender. + +[=incompta=, Fr. P. plane then depr. blackish olive, virgate with +adglutinated blackish fibrils, viscid; g. pale grey; s. fibrillosely +striate, grey. + +[=xanthophylla=, Bres. P. convex-umbil. dry greyish-hoary, virgate +especially at centre with brownish fibrils; g. decur. clear yellow; s. +greyish-white, fibrillose. + +[=nigropunctata=, Secr. P. exp. umb. whitish, mealy, disc dotted with +black; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. hollow, striate with black. + +[=pachyphylla=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, dingy yellow or rufescent, +floccosely squamulose; g. thick, distant, yellow; s. tough, yellow. + +var. _absinthiata_. P. scurfy-squamulose, brown-ochre; g. very broad, +grey then pallid. + +=bella=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. exp. depr. or umbil. orange yellow with darker +squamules; g. yellow, connected by veins, mealy; s. 4-5 cm. yellowish; +sp. 6-7, subgl. warted. + +=laccata=, Scop. (= _Laccaria_, B. and Br.). P. exp. subumbil. irreg. +mealy subsquamulose, violet or brown, whitish when dry, 2-4 cm.; g. +thick, distant, coloured like p., mealy; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous, colour of +p.; sp. globose, warted, 8-9. + +=proxima=, Boud. P. 2-3 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, +yellowish-brown; g. adnato-decurrent, pinkish; s. 6-7 cm. even, smooth, +paler than pileus; sp. 7 × 3.5. + +Resembling the brown form of _C. laccata_, differing in the elliptical, +warted spores and glabrous pileus. + +[=sandicina=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umbil. deformed, even, hygr. at +length greyish-mealy; g. adnate, crowded, purplish, almost naked; s. +hollow, unequal, glabrous, purplish. + +[=grumata=, Scop. P. campan.-convex, glabrous, cracked into squamules, +disc depr. yellow; g. broadly adnate, distant, white; s. equal, pallid. + +=sadleri=, Berk. This is only an abnormal condition of _Hypholoma +fasciculare_. + + +OMPHALIA, Fr. + + I. COLLYBIARII. _Pileus expanded from the first, edge incurved._ + + * _Usually large, gills narrow, closely crowded._ + +=hydrogramma=, Fr. Livid white, white when dry. P. 4-7 cm. flaccid, +thin, umbil. hygr. edge spreading, striate; g. closely crowded; s. 6-8 +cm. base rooting; sp. ----. + +Differs from _Clito. phyllophila_ in polished stem. + +[=chrysoleuca=, Fr. P. very thin, umbil. shining, white, edge reflexed, +substriate; g. yellowish; s. smooth, base thickened; sp. 8-10 × 4. + +[=ventosa=, Fr. P. infundib. glabrous, flaccid, flesh-colour, hygr.; g. +white then flesh-colour; s. colour of p. + +[=dumosa=, Fr. P. very thin, plane, subumbil. rigid, deep brick-red; g. +pallid; s. glabrous, colour of p. + +=detrusa=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. rather fleshy, umbil. dark grey; g. with a +decur. tooth, whitish; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, dark grey; sp. ----. + +[=umbilicata=, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. edge reflexed, even, hygr. +tinged brown, then pale but disc darker; g. whitish; s. terete, apex +striate with white fibrils; sp. 6-8 × 4. + +=maura=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, deeply umbil. hygr. striate, sooty brown, +pale and silky when dry; g. shining white; s. 3-5 cm. rigid, straight, +blackish; sp. 5-6 × 3-4. + +Differs from _Col. atrata_ in decur. narrow gills. + +[=lituua=, Fr. P. thin, plane, deeply umbil. hygr. even, bay then tan; +g. grey; s. slightly wavy, grey. + +=offuciata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. flesh-colour then pale; g. +colour of p.; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, reddish; sp. ----. + +[=scyphoides=, Fr. Shining white. P. infundib. silky, unequal; g. +narrow; s. subvillose, short; sp. 6 × 2. + +[=albula=, Q. P. umbil. thin, wavy, glabrous; s. solid, slender, +incurved; g. adnato-decur. unequal, yellowish; sp. 10-12 long. + +[=Giovanellae=, Bres. P. thin, convex and umbil. then exp. and umbil., +edge striate, silky-flocculose, grey then hoary brown; g. decur. +crowded, colour of p.; s. glabrous, colour of p.; sp. 8 × 3. + +Differs from _Omp. scyphoides_ in hoary-grey colour of every part. + + ** _Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow, narrowed at both + ends._ + +=chrysophylla=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, umbil. flaccid, floccose, brownish +yellow then paler, edge reflexed; g. deep golden yellow; s. 3-5 cm. +yellow; sp. 8 × 4. + +Differs from _O. Postii_ in the floccose pileus. + +=Postii=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. thin, umbil. glabrous, orange; g. whitish; s. +4-6 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ----. + +var. _aurea_, Mass. P. very regular; g. slightly decur.; sp. 7 × 3.5. + +=vesuviana=, Brig. P. infundib. orange, edge at length wavy; g. +thickish, narrow; s. fibrillose, colour of p. + +=pyxidata=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. thin, infundib. rufous-red, radiately +striate, pale when dry, hygr.; g. flesh-colour then yellowish; s. 1.5-2 +cm. tough, pale tawny; sp. 7-8 × 5-6. + +=leucophylla=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, quite infundib. dark grey, even; g. +shining white; s. 3-5 cm. grey; sp. 10 long. + +=Luffii=, Mass. Fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. convex then depr. glabrous, pallid +then white; g. crowded, decur. pallid; s. 2-3 cm. solid, pallid, +polished, often wavy; sp. 5 × 3. + +Ground among grass &c. Differs from _Clito. fragrans_ in short, polished +stem. + +=costatula=, Bres. P. infundib. then revolute, brown, glabrous, edge +striate wavy; g. decur. straw-colour, joined by veins; s. glabrous, +tinged straw-colour, base brownish; sp. 6 × 4. + +=striaepileus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plane, umbil. glabrous, entirely +striate, livid brown, hygr.; g. white; s. 4-5 cm. tough, tinged brown; +sp. rough, 6-7. + +=Nevillae=, B. P. 1-1.5 cm. depr. rugose, disc granulated, striate, +brown then pale; g. white, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, rough, base +downy; sp. ----. + +_O. affricata_ differs in scaly p. + +=sphagnicola=, B. P. 2-3 cm. thin, soon deeply umbil. squamulose, dingy +ochraceous; g. dingy ochre; s. 3-4 cm. slightly flexuous, colour of p.; +sp. 6 × 3. + +=telmatiaea=, B. P. 3-7 cm. thin, pliant, soon infund. edge arched and +drooping, umber, hygr. pale and silky when dry; g. pallid; s. 2-4 cm. +grey, base cottony, white; sp. 7 × 4. + +[=affricata=, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. not striate, edge bent down, +everywhere with blackish squamules; g. grey; s. glabrous, greyish. + +[=epichysia=, Pers. Soft. P. thin, exp. umbil. sooty grey, pallid when +dry, silky or floccosely scaly; g. plano-decur. whitish then grey; s. +grey; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +=philonitis=, Lasch. P. 1-2 cm. deeply umbil. edge erect, hygr. floccose +when dry, grey; g. deeply decur. greyish; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, grey; sp. +5-7 × 3.5. + +Differs from _O. oniscus_ and _O. epichysium_ in erect margin of p. + +[=campestris=, Rom. P. campan. umbil. then exp. sooty-fuscous, sulcate +when dry; g. greyish-white, decur.; s. equal, glabrous, colour of p. +Appearing late in the season; glabrous; sp. 9-13 × 6-8. + +=oniscus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, infundib. wavy, flaccid, glabrous, +even, grey; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. wavy, grey; sp. 6 × 5. + +[=oniscoides=, Karst. P. convex-umbil. sometimes reflexed and concave, +glabrous, everywhere pellucidly striate, sooty or livid fuscous, pallid +grey when dry; g. adnate, then subdecur. white or greyish, edge +denticulate, s. tinged fuscous, base darkest; sp. 5-6 × 4. + +=caespitosa=, Bolt. P. 1-2 cm. thin, hemisph. umbil. sulcate, whitish +ochre; g. whitish; s. 1-2 cm. coloured like p., base thickened; sp. 6 × +5. + +[=arenicola=, Fr. P. thin, cup-shaped, wavy, with wart-like spots, +umber; g. paler than p.; s. short, umber. + +=glaucophylla=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. infundib. plicato-striate, hygr. +mouse-colour then paler; g. olive; s. stuffed, firm; sp. ----. + +=rustica=, Fr. P. 5-8 mm. thin, slightly convex, umbil. striate, hygr. +greyish brown then paler and silky; g. grey, edge arcuate; s. 2-2.5 cm., +colour of p.; sp. ----. + +Differs from _O. umbellifera_ by gills being narrowed behind. + +[=scyphiformis=, Fr. White. P. infundib. glabrous; g. decur. thin; s. +thin, short, glabrous. + +Differs from _O. scyphoides_ in glabrous stem. + + *** _Gills truly distant, broad, usually thick._ + +[=tricolor=, A. and S. P. ochraceous white, thin, umbil.; g. orange, at +first with rosy pruinose; s. yellowish. + +[=cortiseda=, Karst. P. convex then plane, radiato-striate, glabrous, +pallid; g. adnato-decur. very distant, thickish, few, pallid; s. equal, +hyaline, pallid; sp. 10-11 × 4-6. + +[=sciopoda=, Q. P. convex then umbil. rather crisped, pale straw-colour, +pruinose; g. adnate, thick, sometimes branched, straw-colour then tinged +rose; s. slender, wavy, velvety-pruinose, white above, grey below. + +=demissa=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. thin, plane then umbil. striate, shining +rufous then pale; g. purplish; s. 1 cm., colour of p.; sp. 7 × 5. (10-12 +× 6-8 Sacc.) + +[=grisella=, Karst. P. convex, disc depr. silky, sulcate, pale +fuscescent, whitish when dry; g. adnate, distant, plane, whitish; s. +equal, glabrous, apex pruinose, pale, becoming more or less smoky; sp. +6-10 × 2-4. + +=hepatica=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. tough, rigid, infundib. glabrous, +brownish flesh-colour then pale; g. narrow, whitish, connected by veins; +s. 2 cm. very tough, colour of p.; sp. 5-8 × 2-4. + +Differs from _O. pyxidata_ in toughness, even edge of p. and pallid +gills. + +=muralis=, Sow. P. 1-2 cm. becoming infundib. radiato-striate, rufous +brown; g. pallid; s. 1-1.5 cm. glabrous, coloured like p.; sp. rough, 10 +× 5. + +[=cuneifolia=, Karst. Very fragile. P. convex then plane, obtuse, dry, +glabrous, pellucidly striate when moist, sooty, tan when dry; g. adnate, +distant, thickish; broad, ventricose or broadest in front, obliquely +truncate, greyish; s. apex scurfy, solid; sp. 10-12 × 9-10. + +[=lilacina=, Laest. P. plane, violet then pale; g. deeply decur. +connected by veins, yellow; s. persistently violet. + +=umbellifera=, L. P. 1-2 cm. convexo-plane, radiately striate, even and +rather silky when dry, grey, yellow, brownish, pallid, &c.; g. very +distant and broad behind, colour of p.; s. 1 cm. colour of p.; sp. 3 × +2.5. + +var. _myochroa_, Fr. P. brownish umber; s. strigosely rooting. + +var. _abiegena_, B. and Br. Pale yellow. + +var. _viridis_, Fl. Dan. Every part pale green. + +[=Kalchbrenneri=, Bres. P. tough, convex, umbil. subexp. glabrous, hygr. +subochre; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. colour of p., base often +brownish; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +[=velutina=, Q. Downy, greyish. P. umbil. striate; g. arcuate; s. +filiform, base white floccose; sp. 8 long. + +=infumata=, B. and Br. P. 3-4 mm. obtuse, greenish then smoky; g. few, +broad, yellow; s. 2 cm. thin, yellow, tomentose below. + +[=griseolilacina=, Steinh. Entirely greyish lilac, grey when dry; p. +umb. then exp. edge incurved, even, glabrous; g. adnate then decur.; s. +cylindrical, equal; sp. 6-9 × 4-5. + +=buccinalis=, Sow. White. P. up to 1 cm. trumpet-shaped, plane or depr.; +g. deeply decur. triangular; s. expanding into p.; sp. ----. + +[=hirsuta=, Q. (= _O. caricicola_, Lasch). Hyaline-white, soon flaccid. +P. umbil. convex, very thin; gills or folds obliterated; s. capillary, +short, pilose, base bulbillose; sp. rough, 9 long. + +=retosta=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. plano-depr. umber, polished and pale when dry; +g. distant, broad, narrowed at both ends, paler than p.; s. 2 cm. +glabrous, paler than p.; sp. ----. + +Differs from _O. umbellifera_ in having gills narrowed behind. + +=abhorrens=, B. and Br. Foetid. P. 1-1.5 cm. umbil. brown then pale; g. +narrow, pale; s. 2 cm. slender, apex thickened, colour of p.; sp. ----. + +=pseudoandrosacea=, Bull. P. convex, umbil. then infundib. plicate, edge +crenulate, whitish or grey; g. deeply decur. segmentoid; s. slender; sp. +5-7 × 3-4. + +=griseo-pallida=, Desm. P. plane, umbil. even, glabrous, brownish grey +then pale; g. broadest behind, grey; s. stuffed, fuscous, 1 cm.; sp. +----. + +Differs from _O. umbellifera_ and _O. rustica_ by p. not being striate +when moist. + +=albidopallens=, Karst. P. convex, orbicular, scarcely umbil. pellucidly +striate, naked, hyaline white or pallid; g. adnate, decur. crowded, +pallid; s. equal, naked, pallid; sp. 4-5 × 3. + +[=schizoxylon=, Fr. P. thin, almost plane, umbil. glabrous, grey; g. +narrow, paler than p.; s. rufous brown. + +[=bibula=, Q. P. umbil. when moist, silky, olive-yellow then grey; g. +arcuate, broad, citrin; s. tinged citrin. + +Near to if not identical with _Hygr. Wynniae_. + +=stellata=, Fr. White. P. convex, umbil. diaphanous, striate; g. very +distant, thin, broad; s. equal, base radiately floccose; sp. 4 × 6. + + II. MYCENARII. _P. at first campanulate, margin straight, adpressed + to stem._ + + * _Gills broad, perfect, unequal._ + +=campanella=, Batsch. P. 1 cm. convex, umbil. striate, hygr. rusty +yellow; g. connected by veins, arcuate, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. horny, bay, +base narrowed, tawny-strigose; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +var. _badipus_, Cke. Base of s. slightly bulbous. + +var. _papillata_, Fr. P. acutely conical. + +var. _myriadea_, Kalchbr. Small, caespitose. + +[=incomis=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous or broken up into +squamules, pale fuscous; g. adnato-decur. broad, white; s. tough, +thinner below, colour of p.; sp. ----. + +[=psilocyboides=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, tawny yellow; g. +very broad, yellowish-white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, bay, white-fibrillose, +apex paler and pruinose; sp. ----. + +[=brunneola=, Q. Chestnut umber. P. umbil. squamulose; g. arcuate, +white; s. floccosely punctate, base with spreading fawn-coloured down; +sp. 10. + +[=atripes=, Rab. P. thin, plano-depr. infundib. brown, pale and silky +shining when dry; g. very broad behind, brownish, albo-pruinose; s. +black, base bluish-pruinose. + +[=Laestadii=, Fr. P. hemispherical, umbil. even, tawny-bay, shining; g. +distinct, yellow; s. rigid rufous bay. + +=picta=, Fr. P. 1 cm. campan. cucullate, umbil. glabrous, striate, +fuscous; g. very broad, pallid; s. horny, bay, membranous spreading base +tawny; sp. 7-10 × 4. + +=camptophylla=, B. P. 1 cm. convex then exp. deeply striate, disc brown, +rest pale grey; g. ascending then abruptly decur. white; s. 3-4 cm. very +slender, whitish, base radiately strigose; sp. 8-10 × 6-8. + +[=cyanophylla=, Fr. P. thin, camp. umbil. striate, livid or bluish +becoming yellowish; g. clear blue; s. glabrous; sp. 5-7 × 3-4. + +[=Cornui=, Q. P. umbil. tawny; g. yellow with violet tinge; s. horny, +bay, base inflated, downy, yellow. + +[=reclina=, Fr. P. thin, rigid camp. then entirely infundib. livid; g. +thick, white or grey; s. tough; sp. 6 × 4-5. + +[=deflexa=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, mostly umbil. everywhere striate, +fuscescent or pale livid, pale when dry; g. decur. arcuate, white; s. +solid, tough, pallid, glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 4-6. + +=umbratila=, Fr. P. 2 cm. thin, campan. then convex, umbil. umber brown, +hygr.; g. broad, brownish; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, brownish; sp. 7 × 5. + +Readily mistaken with _Coll. atrata_ and _C. ambusta_, differs in +subdecur. gills. + +[=invita=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, striate when moist, sooty +or livid sooty, pale when dry; g. adnate, very broad, white; s. colour +of p.; sp. glob. 5-6. + +=grisea=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. glabrous, everywhere striate, livid +grey then hoary; g. distant, greyish; s. greyish-white, apex thickened, +5-7 cm.; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +[=setipes=, Fr. P. convex, subpapillate, everywhere striate, +brownish-grey; g. greyish white, connected by veins; s. filiform, base +pubescent; sp. 6-7 × 2-3. + +=fibula=, Bull. P. up to 1 cm. cucullate then exp. umbil. striate, +orange yellow then pale; g. deeply decur. pale; s. 3-4 cm. very slender, +weak, pale orange; sp. 4-5 × 2. + +var. _Swartzii_, Fr. Apex of stem violet. + +[=chlorocyanea=, Pat. Small, entirely bluish green outside and inside. +P. convex; g. distant, decur. unequal; s. solid, slender. + +=directa=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 mm. nail-shaped flat at apex, white; g. +decur. white; s. rather wavy, 2 cm. whitish, tinged rufous, with long +hairs at base. + +=belliae=, Johnst. P. 1 cm. thin, dry, top-shaped, infundib. pallid; g. +decur. thick, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, adhering by a cottony base. + +[=pectinata=, Rom. Entirely white, glabrous, hygr. P. thin, convex, +umbil. edge wavy or lobed, sulcate to middle; g. decur. distant; s. +subequal, almost glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 3. + +=gracillima=, Weinm. Snow-white. P. 4-5 mm. downy, sulcate; g. decur. +distant, thin; s. 1.5 cm. filiform, base cottony; sp. 6-7 × 3. + +[=gracilis=, Q. Snow-white. P. apiculate, striato-sulcate, glabrous; g. +arcuate, distant; s. filiform, pellucid, pruinose, base downy, rooting; +sp. 8 × 2. + +[=candida=, Bres. Shining white. P. thin, convex, exp. often papillate, +glabrous, pellucidly striate; g. deeply decur. connected by veins at +base; s. splitting into fibres, glabrous, base rooting, strigose; sp. +9-11 × 4.5-5. + +=bullula=, Brig. White. P. 3-4 mm. even, hemisph. diaphanous; g. arched, +decur.; s. 2 cm. filiform. + + ** _Gills fold-like, narrow._ + +=integrella=, Pers. White. P. 3-7 mm. hemisph. then exp. +pellucid-striate; g. equal, fold-like, distant, rather branched; s. very +slender, pubescent; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +[=microscopica=, Wirt. Minute, diaphanous. P. 3-4 mm. infundib. 4-6, +sulcate; g. very narrow, arcuate; s. capillary. + +=polyadelphus=, Lasch. Pure white. P. 2-3 mm. coarsely striate and +minutely flocculose; g. decurrent; s. 1-2 cm. very slender, base downy; +sp. 5 × 2.5. + +[=cuspidata=, Q. Hyaline white. P. very acuminate, striate, flocculose; +g. decur. branched; s. filiform, pulverulent, the slight bulb hairy; sp. +8 long. + +[=crispula=, Q. White, diaphanous. P. crisped, pruinose; g. wrinkled, +very thin; s. short, filiform, pruinose; sp. 8 long. + +[=gibba=, Pat. (= _Cyphella infundibuliformis_, Fr.). White, minute. P. +trumpet-shaped, gibbous then deeply infundib. downy; g. mere traces of +folds; s. slender, downy. + + +PLEUROTUS, Fr. + + A. EXCENTRICI. _Pileus entire, extended laterally, excentric but + not truly lateral._ + + * _Veil forming a ring on the stem._ + +=corticatus=, Fr. P. 8-18 cm. convex then exp. covered with dense +greyish down then floccosely squamulose; g. decur. white, anastomosing +behind; tinged yellow when old; s. 3-7 cm. subexc. rooting, ring torn; +s. 9-14 × 4-6. + +[=Albertinii=, Fr. P. convex, dimidiate, sooty, with black squamules; g. +decur. distinct, white; s. with black squamules up to sooty ring. + +=dryinus=, Pers. P. 5-9 cm. oblique or subcircular, hard, whitish with +brownish spot-like squamules, flesh white then yellowish; g. decur. not +anastomosing behind, white tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. sublateral, ring +fugacious, torn; sp. 10 × 4. + +Differs from _P. corticatus_ in gills not anastomosing behind. + +=spongiosus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. spongy, pulvinate, greyish tomentose; g. +sinuato-adnexed, white, simple; s. 1-3 cm. tomentose, white, ring white, +soon torn; sp. 8-10 × 4. + +[=calyptratus=, Lindbl. P. soft, lateral-dimidiate, horizontal, +reniform, glabrous, viscid, sooty or livid; g. adnate to a nodule, +crowded, white then yellowish; s. a downy nodule, viscid membranous ring +torn. + + ** _Gills sinuate or obtusely adnate._ + +=ulmarius=, Bull. P. 8-15 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, livid then +pale, spotted; g. adnexed, broad, whitish; s. 1-3 cm. base thickened, +tomentose; sp. 5-6, glob. + +=tessulatus=, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. convex then plane or depr. behind, +glabrous, tawny then paler and spotted; g. uncinato-adnate, white then +yellowish; s. 1-3 cm. glabrous; sp. ----. + +[=pardalis=, Schulz. Caespitose. P. fleshy, convex, subcentral, +glabrous, chestnut then spotted; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. stout, +solid, connate at base, white. + +[=decorus=, Fr. Yellow. P. thin, convex then exp. obtuse, rough with +adnate blackish scales; g. obtusely adnate, crowded; s. stuffed then +hollow, fibrillose; sp. glob. 6. + +[=ornatus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umb. with rusty floccose squamules +that disappear; g. adnate, very broad, yellow; s. spongy, yellow; sp. 6 +long. + +[=properatus=, C. Mart. P. membranous, form various, always umbil. +central or excentric, yellowish white with concentric brown scales; g. +adnato-decur. tinged yellow, edge eroded; s. cylindric with concentric +brown scales, ring membranaceous, fugacious. + +=subpalmatus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. Caespitose. Convex then depr. rugulose, +rufescent, cuticle gelatinous; g. adnate, connected behind, dingy; s. +3-4 cm. incurved; sp. ----. + +Remarkable for the variegated flesh. + +[=coripellis=, Fr. P. rigid, glabrous, moist, somewhat bay, thick +pellicle separable, disc compact, umb.; g. arcuato-adnate, plane, +crowded, white; s. excentric, vertical, rigid, fibrillosely striate, +whitish. + +P. almost black but fawn or yellow-brown when dry. Flesh tinged fuscous. + +=craspedius=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 8-14 cm. thin, crenate or lobed, +brick-red or paler, glabrous; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, white; s. 4-7 +cm. solid, elastic, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5. + +=fimbriatus=, Bolt. P. 4-7 cm. thin, plane then depr. margin sinuate or +lobed, hygr. hyaline, whitish; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. 2-3 +cm. firm, compr. downy; sp. ----. + +=lignatilis=, Fr. Whitish. P. tough, convex then plane, umbil. irreg. +floccosely pruinose then glabrous; g. adnate, crowded, narrow, shining +white; s. irreg. rather downy; sp. 4 × 3. + +var. _tephrocephalus_, Fr. P. more compact, disc black then grey, edge +white. + +=Ruthae=, B. and Br. P. 3-7 cm. more or less fan-shaped, whitish or +yellowish-buff, cuticle gelatinous, rather hispid; g. anastomosing +behind, white then reddish, veined; s. 1-3 cm. reddish, hispid; sp. +----. + +Differs from _P. pantoleucus_ in g. anastomosing behind, and not +decurrent. + +=circinatus=, Fr. White. P. 5-7 cm. plane, orbicular, silky-pruinose; g. +adnato-decur. crowded; s. 2-5 cm. equal, glabrous, rooting; sp. ----. + +[=olearius=, D. C. Caespitose. P. subexcentric plane or umbil. dry, +reddish tawny or deep brown; g. decur. narrow, yellow; s. solid, firm, +reddish-brown; sp. 5 × 4. + +Gills phosphorescent. + +var. _carpini_ (= _P. carpini_, Fr.). P. convexo-exp. angular, +rivulosely scaly when dry; s. slender, short, excentric or lateral; g. +adnexed, thin, rusty. + +[=juglandinus=, Kalchbr. P. plano-convex, even, glabrous, dingy +golden-yellow, rather lobed; g. decur. distant, ends narrowed; s. +excentric, solid, brown-pilose; sp. 5.5 × 2.5. + + *** _Gills decurrent; stem almost vertical._ + +[=aquifolii=, Fr. P. rather wavy, soft, convex then plane, dusky tan; g. +thick, dusky, joined in a ring behind; s. stout, equal, white. Edible. + +[=eryngii=, D. C. P. fleshy, tough, exp. depr. irreg. rufous-grey, +scabrid-virgate; g. broad, tinged pink; s. naked, whitish, solid; sp. +7-9 × 3.5. + +[=nebrodensis=, Inzeng. P. compact, convex then depr. even, glabrous, +grey; g. decur. whitish; s. solid, excentric or lateral, short, +ascending, whitish. + +[=nauseosodulcis=, Karst. P. soft, irreg. unequal, exp. even, glabrous, +entirely tan; g. decur. crowded, pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, +solid, tomentose, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=sapidus=, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. fleshy, deformed, centre depr. +glabrous, pallid; g. decur. whitish; several stems springing from a +common base; sp. 11-12 × 4. + +More or less trumpet-shaped. Edible. + +[=cornucopoides=, Pers. P. very variable in form, convex, depr. +glabrous, white then livid yellow; g. decur. white; s. subexcentric to +lateral, expanding into p. + +[=lingulatus=, Paulet. P. dimidiate or entire, umbil. convex, deformed, +even, pale ochre, edge incurved; g. subdecur. closely crowded, paler +than p.; s. solid, long, subcompr. white; sp. 10-12 long. + +[=melanopus=, Fr. P. excentric or dimidiate, deformed, somewhat lobed, +glabrous pale rufous; g. decur. crowded, narrow, whitish red; s. solid, +glabrous, ascending, black. + +[=spodoleucus=, Fr. P. plane, orbicular, even, glabrous, greyish; g. +crowded, white, separate behind; s. solid, glabrous, paler than p.; sp. +5-6 × 2-3. + +=pantoleucus=, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, spathulate, depr. +behind, marginate; g. crowded, distinct at base; s. 1-2 cm. ascending, +glabrous, not rooting; sp. 11-12 × 4. + +Differs from _P. spodoleucus_ in pileus being white and depressed +behind. + +[=pometi=, Fr. White. P. fleshy, rather flaccid, convex, even, disc +depr.; g. decur. crowded, not joined behind; s. elastic with a downy +rooting base; sp. 6-9 × 3-4. + +[=Battarrae=, Q. White. P. cyathiform, spotted with blackish brown +squamules; g. milk-white; s. slender, attenuated; sp. 12 long. + +[=lignicola=, Sacc. White. P. tough, irreg. exp. subumbil. floccosely +pruinose; g. adnato-decur. crowded, shining white; s. long, incurved, +flocculose at first; sp. 14 × 4. + +=mutilus=, Fr. White. P. 2-2.5 cm. fleshy, irreg. silky when dry; g. +narrow, simple; s. 1-2 cm. long, terete, base downy; sp. ----. + +Resembles _Omph. scyphoides_. Differs in nearly glabrous, irreg. p. not +becoming infundib. + +[=macropus=, Bagl. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, exp. glabrous, +sooty-grey; g. decur. white; s. joined at base, firm, long, thickly +tomentose. + +[=luteo-caesius=, Bagl. P. subexcentric, exp. fibrillosely rivulose, +tawny brown, edge wavy, incurved; g. subdecur. narrow, greyish yellow; +s. solid, fibrillose, long rooting. + +[=lutincola=, Lasch. Caespitose, fuscous; p. glabrous; g. adnate with a +tooth running down stem to torn ring; s. often excentric. + +[=pulvinatus=, Pers. P. pulvinate, rather wavy, glabrous, whitish, disc +tinged flesh-colour; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short, solid, +hard. + + **** _Veil absent; gills deeply decur.; pileus lateral, sessile or + produced behind into a short stem-like base._ + +=ostreatus=, Jacq. Tufted. P. 7-15 cm. fleshy, shell-shaped, ascending, +blackish then grey or pallid; g. rather distant, anastomosing behind, +pallid; s. widening into p. very short, downy or strigose at base; sp. +10-12 × 4-5. Esculent. + +var. _euosmus_, B. Smell strong. Gills and spores tinged pink. + +var. _columbinus_, Q. P. dark bluish-grey. + +var. _nudipes_, Boud. S. quite glabrous. + +[=ambiguus=, Oud. Excentric. P. sessile or shortly stalked, shining, +blackish or deep violet, edge incurved; g. deeply decur. anastomosing +behind, lilac; s. firm, elastic, thickened upwards, base strigose. + +=revolutus=, Kickx. P. 9-15 cm. fleshy, firm, elastic, shining, depr. +behind, smoky-yellow then grey, edge incurved; g. serrulate, white; s. +2-3 cm. short, thick, whitish; sp. ----. + +var. _anglicus_. Edge of p. not or very slightly incurved; g. pallid +ochraceous. + +[=Staringii=, Oud. Excentric. P. lateral, produced at base into a short +oblique stem, suborbicular or reniform, exp. very glabrous, smoky +fuscous, centre paler; g. white, anastomosing behind. + +=salignus=, Pers. P. 4-9 cm. fleshy, spongy, becoming depr. behind and +strigose, horizontal, yellow brown or dusky; g. somewhat branched, edge +eroded, dingy; s. short, firm, tomentose; sp. 8-11 × 3-4. + +[=Saccardianus=, Arc. Subexcentric, usually sinuately lobed, even, +glabrous, at length exp. and wavy, tan or grey; g. narrow, thin, +crowded; s. striate, glabrous, grey or umber; sp. 6-5 × 3-4. + +[=roseocinereus=, Allesch. P. thin, campan. edge becoming split and +striate, fibrously silky, rosy-grey; g. very broad, pallid flesh-red; s. +shining white, fibrously striato-sulcate; sp. pale rufous, 5-7. + +=acerinus=, Fr. White. P. 3-8 cm. tough, circular, silky-villose; g. +closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. subobsolete, downy; sp. ----. + +[=pathenopejus=, Comes. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, generally +dimidiate, conchate, elliptical or rounded, mouse-grey then pale, +viscid, squamulose; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing, white then +tinged yellow; sp. 9-12 × 4-6. + +[=Gemmellari=, Inzeng. Large, sessile. P. lateral, convex then exp. +yellowish, striate, upper stratum gelatinous; g. decur. broad, +anastomosing behind, white then sulphur. + + B. DIMIDIATI. _P. definitely lateral, without a free margin behind; + not resupinate at first._ + +[=geoginus=, D. C. P. erect, subinfundib. even, glabrous, edge wavy, +reflexed, brownish; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short, thick, +tuberous. + +=petaloides=, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. thin, ascending, spathulate, entire, disc +depr. brownish then pale; g. crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, +compressed, downy; sp. 9-10 × 4. + +_P. porrigens_ differs in being white and stemless. + +[=semiinfundibuliformis=, Karst. Erect, simple, semiinfundib. even, +glabrous, rusty tan, edge wavy, reflexed; g. deeply decur. crowded, +whitish then yellowish; s. exactly lateral, pallid; sp. 4-6, subgl. + +=pulmonarius=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obovate or reniform, rather convex, +glabrous, greyish or tan; g. plano-decur. simple, albo-livid; s. round, +very short, downy; sp. ----. + +Differs from _P. serotinus_ in very short s., and glabrous p. + +var. _juglandis_, Fr. Gregarious; g. greyish brown. + +[=pulmonariellus=, Karst. P. convex, reniform, rather strigose, even, +yellowish, intermediate stratum thick, gelatinous; g. plano-decur. +crowded, white then yellowish; s. very short. + +[=almeni=, Fr. P. thin, reniform, glabrous, brownish tawny, narrowed +behind into a very short stem; g. determinately decur. divergent, paler +than pileus; sp. 7-9 × 3-4. + +=serotinus=, Schrad. P. 3-7 cm. fleshy, compact, viscid, reniform or +obovate, yellowish-green, or sooty-olive; g. crowded, yellow then +pallid; s. 2 cm. with blackish squamules; sp. ----. + +=mitis=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. tough, reniform, dry, rufescent then whitish; +g. crowded, distinct, white; s. 1 cm. compressed, dilated upwards, +whitish-squamulose; sp. 4 × 2. + +=gadinoides=, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. horizontal, shell-shaped, +hygr. floccose, dry; g. crowded, branched; s. minute or absent; sp. 7 × +3. + +=limpidus=, Fr. White. P. 1-2 cm. obovate or reniform, even, glabrous, +hygr., narrowed behind to point of attachment; g. white, decur. to base; +sp. ----. + +Differs from _P. mitis_ in being shining white and subsessile. + +[=limpidoides=, Karst. P. obovoid or reniform, often lobed, soft, even, +velvety, dark grey then livid; g. decur. whitish; upper stratum of flesh +gelatinous; sp. 6-9 × 3-4. + +[=subrufulus=, Karst. P. soft, subgelatinous, orbicular or reniform, +even, glabrous, rufous- or pinkish-white; g. crowded, white; s. lateral, +strigose, very short. + +[=planus=, Fr. Minute, subsessile, violet then flesh-colour. + +=reniformis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, reniform, grey, disc depr. +plane; g. spreading from tubercular stem-like base, divergent, grey; sp. +----. + +[=Kerneri=, Wettst. P. obovate or reniform, lateral, not immarginate +behind, sessile, entire, edge lobed, convex, grey, base blackish, +minutely pulverulent; g. grey, simple; sp. glob. 3-5. + +=tremulus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. reniform, even, glabrous, disc depr. greyish +brown then pale; g. rather distant, grey; s. 1 cm. subterete, ascending, +grey; sp. 6-8 × 5-7. + +Differs from _P. reniformis_ in having a stem. + +=lauro-cerasi=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. thin, horizontal, circular or +shell-shaped, sulcate, brownish, attached by narrowed base; g. broad at +middle, whitish; sp. 8 × 5. + +[=dictyorhizus=, D. C. White. P. very thin, orbicular, sinuate, +subsessile, base reticulately-fibrillose; g. simple, unequal; sp. 6 +long. + +=acerosus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. very thin, reniform, plane, striate, +sublobed, grey, silky white when dry; g. narrow, crowded, grey; s. +obsolete, base substrigose; sp. glob. 5-6. + +[=Severinii=, Com. Shining white. Velvety then almost glabrous, +orbicular, edge entire, incurved; g. decur. simple; s. short, incurved. + + C. RESUPINATI. _Pileus at first resupinate; gills radiating from an + excentric point; then reflexed, sessile._ + + * _Pileus fleshy, uniform in texture._ + +=porrigens=, Pers. White. P. 4-7 cm. thin, tough, resup. then ascending, +ear- or fan-shaped, glabrous upwards; g. very narrow; sp. 7-8 × 6. + +Resembling _P. petaloides_ in habit but white, and no stem-like base. + +[=pinsitus=, Fr. P. fleshy, soft, horizontal, silky-villose, wavy, hygr. +dingy then white; g. broad, distinct; sp. rough, 10-11 long. + +[=nidulans=, Pers. P. subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad, +tawny-orange; sp. 3-5 × 1. + +[=caesiozonatus=, Rab. P. subsessile, tough, plane then depr. behind, +downy, ochre-brown, zoned with bluish grey; g. broad, brownish yellow. + +=septicus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. rather fleshy, resup. then reflexed, +pubescent, white; s. thin, 2-3 mm. incurved, disappearing; g. distant; +sp. 8-10 × 6. + +_Claudopus variabilis_ differs in tinted gills and spores. + +[=roseolus=, Q. P. convex, conchoid, translucent, striate, rather +woolly, rosy-purple; g. rosy, edge darker; s. curved, downy, colour of +p.; sp. 8. + + ** _Pileus fleshy, striate, upper surface gelatinous, or with a + viscid pellicle._ + +=mastrucatus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. resup. then exp. and horizontal, often +lobed, brown, with erect bristly squamules; g. broad, greyish white; sp. +----. + +[=rivulorum=, Pat. and Doas. P. subgelatinous, pellucid, rusty brown and +covered with white down, horizontal or ascending; g. grey then vinous; +s. lateral, tubercular, downy, white, rosy when touched; sp. 4-6. + +[=tremens=, Q. P. reniform or flabellate, diaphanous, rosy-violet, +tremelloid; g. sinuate, pinkish; s. lateral, colour of p.; sp. rough, +6-7. + +=atrocoeruleus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. fleshy, downy, dusky blue; g. broad, +whitish; sp. glob. 2-3. + +P. sometimes brownish, and g. sometimes yellowish. + +[=myxotrichus=, Lév. P. reniform, at first viscid, becoming spongy, +covered with white down, sessile or with a short stem; g. rather broad, +crowded; sp. 10-12 long. + +[=furvellus=, Karst. P. dusky or bluish rosy, yellowish-white then +brownish when old; sp. 6-9 × 4-5. + +Allied to _P. unguicularis_ but larger and becoming pale. + +=Leightoni=, B. P. 1-1.5 cm. at first obliquely conical then +shell-shaped, umber or lead-colour, scurfy and with short black +bristles; g. distant, tan, forked at base; sp. ----. + +=algidus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. horizontal, reniform, pellicle thin, viscid, +reddish-brown or grey; g. crowded, yellowish. + +=fluxilis=, Fr. P. reniform, gelatinoso-viscid above, umber; g. +radiating from a lateral point, distant, whitish; sp. 10 long. + +[=unguicularis=, Fr. P. resup. covered with a viscid pellicle, grey or +blackish; s. incurved then ascending, very short, white; g. distant, +white; sp. 4-6 × 1.5. + +[=Silvanus=, Sacc. P. thin, sessile, cupulate or dimidiate, resupinate +then reflexed, very even, glabrous, greyish black, very minutely +white-scurfy; g. broad, dingy white; sp. strongly curved, 8-9 × 3.5-4. + +=cyphellaeformis=, B. P. 5-8 mm. pendulous, cup-shaped, downy or mealy, +upper layer gelatinous, grey; g. narrow, distant, pure white; sp. ----. + +Resembling a _Cyphella_ in habit. + +[=nivosus=, Q. P. thin, campan. sessile, gelatinous, white and like +parchment when dry, granularly rugose, striate, subpellucid, smoky grey, +when moist with hyaline warts; g. narrow, white; sp. reniform, 12 × 2. + +=applicatus=, Batsch. P. 4-8 mm. dusky grey, sessile, thin, rather +firm, cupulate, resupinate then reflexed, slightly striate, +subpruinose, base downy; gills broad, paler; sp. glob. 4-5. + +Differs from _P. tremulus_ in absence of distinct s. + +[=Mustialensis=, Karst. P. resupinate, subgelatinous within, sessile or +with an exceedingly short lateral stem, black, white-tomentose; g. +distant, narrow, paler; sp. 6-8 × 4. + +Differs from _P. applicatus_ in black p. with white down, and dark g. + + *** _Pileus membranaceous, not viscid._ + +=Hobsoni=, B. P. 4-7 mm. reniform or semicircular, horizontal, pale +grey, downy; g. radiating, pallid; sp. ----. + +Differs from _P. applicatus_ in being plane. + +=striatulus=, Fr. P. 3-4 mm. very thin, pale grey, slightly cup-shaped, +striate, glabrous; g. few, distant. + +[=canus=, Q. P. thin, dimidiate, reniform, edge mostly lobed, whitish, +downy, striate; g. very distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate; s. +rudimentary; sp. 7-9 × 5. + +[=arenarius=, Lasch. Hoary-pallid, subsulcate, slightly tomentose; g. +distant, thick, broad; s. absent or very short, white-floccose. + +Allied to _P. striatulus_. + +[=perpusillus=, Fr. White. P. very thin, resup. then reflexed, even, +glabrous; g. few, broad. + +[=subplicatus=, Karst. P. very thin, resup. orbicular, usually entire, +almost plane, striato-plicate, rather silky, white, fixed by a white +downy base; g. radiating from an excentric point, broad, whitish; sp. +6-7 × 4-5. + +var. _cinereus_, Karst. Entirely pale grey or glaucous. + +=hypnophilus=, B. P. 3-6 mm. very thin, flat, white, rather reniform, +nearly smooth; g. radiating, distant, simple; sp. 5 × 3. + +Resembling _Claudopus variabilis_, but gills and spores white. + +=chioneus=, Pers. Snow white. P. 2-3 mm. very thin, subresupinate, +downy; s. short, downy, evanescent; g. rather broad; sp. 10 long. + +_P. septicus_ is larger; s. more distinct; p. thicker. + +Differs from _P. hypnophilus_ in downy pileus. + +[=craterellus=, Dur. and Lév. Cupulate, white, even, downy, edge entire; +sp. 6 long. + +[=pudens=, Q. P. downy, hygr. coriaceous, cup-shaped, g. radiating, +thin, wavy, white tinged lilac; s. central, short. + + +CANTHARELLUS, Adans. + + A. MESOPUS. _Pileus entire. Stem central._ + + * _Pileus and stem fleshy and solid._ + +=cibarius=. Every part opaque yellowish-buff. P. 3-7 cm. wavy then +turbinate, glabrous; g. thick, distant; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed below; sp. 9 +× 5-6. + +Edible. Smell none when fresh, like apricots when kept for some time. +Sometimes all whitish. + +var. _rufipes_, Gillet. Flesh pale ochraceous, s. rufous at base. + +[=amethysteus=, Q. P. thick, egg-yellow, edge flocculose violet +flesh-colour; g. reticulate, yellow; s. obconic, colour of p.; sp. 11 +long. + +=Friesii=, Q. P. 2-3 cm. convex then depr. villose, somewhat orange; g. +fold-like, branched, yellow; s. 2 cm. slender, downy, base white, +narrowed; sp. 6-7 × 2-3. + +With gills of _C. cibarius_ and habit of _C. aurantiacus_. + +=aurantiacus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, depr. soft, subtomentose, dingy +orange then pale; g. crowded, dichotomous, orange, rather broad; s. 1-2 +cm. expanding upwards, orange, base often dark; sp. 10 × 5. + +Poisonous. Perhaps should be placed under _Clitocybe_. + +[=hypnorum=, Brond. P. campan. tomentose, yellowish or pale ochre; g. +decur. branched, yellow; s. slender, solid, wavy, almost glabrous, +yellowish. + +[=rufescens=, Fr. P. plano-depr. almost glabrous, gilvous, thin; g. +crowded, thin; s. elongated, stuffed, narrowed upwards. + +[=olidus=, Q. (= _C. rufescens_, Q. not Fr.) P. fleshy, edge downy, +white, convex then cyathiform, flesh white then pinkish; g. decur. +pinkish; s. rosy; sp. 3-4 long. + +Taste sweetish. Smell of burnt sugar when dry. + +[=brachypodes=, Chev. P. thin, infundib. almost glabrous, fuscous; the +short stuffed stem and straight gills yellowish. + +=Brownii=, B. and Br. P. rather fleshy, convex, subumb. pale ochre then +reddish; g. very narrow, simple or forked, whitish; s. 3-5 cm. slender, +tough; sp. 7 × 5. + +Gills very narrow, vein-like, hardly decur. + +[=subdenticulatus=, Mont. Small, entirely apricot colour. P. rather +scurfy, convex and umb. then subdepr. edge spinously toothed; gills +fold-like, thickish, decur.; s. solid, flocculose above, base narrowed; +sp. globose. + +[=parvus=, Otth. P. infundib. fibrously scaly, brownish-grey; g. +fold-like, scarcely prominent, yellowish; s. slender, twisted, +greyish-yellow, sulcate. + +=carbonarius=, A. and S. P. 3-6 cm. umbil. bay then blackish, +striato-squamulose; g. straight, narrow, white; s. 2.5 cm. paler than p. +rooting; sp. 14-15 × 7-8. + +Fasciculate, 2-3 pilei often appearing to spring from a branched stem. + +=umbonatus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, umb. then depr. flocculose, +blackish grey; s. 5-7 cm. equal, paler; g. straight, crowded, white; sp. +10 × 4-5. + +Resembling an Agaric in habit. + +=albidus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. infundib. wavy, glabrous, pallid, +sometimes indistinctly zoned; g. dichotomous, white; s. 2-3 cm. solid, +subequal, glabrous; sp. ----. + +Tough, sometimes tinged brown or yellow. + +[=longipes=, Lamb. P. centre prominent, edge thin, upturned, dry, even, +chestnut; g. fold-like, decur. closely crowded, forked, yellowish; s. +long, pale grey. + +[=Turrissi=, Inz. Straw-colour. P. fleshy-waxy, hygr. convex then +digitaliform, often umbil.; g. decur. white, thick, fold-like, simple, +rarely branched; s. white, ventricosely fusiform. + + ** _Pileus submembranaceous; stem tubular, polished._ + +=tubaeformis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. infundib. wavy, lobed, flocculose, +brownish then pale; g. thick, distant, much branched, smoky yellow, not +pruinose; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, glabrous, lacunose, tawny-orange; sp. 9 × +6-7. + +var. _lutescens_, Fr. P. convex, umbil. almost regular, nearly glabrous; +g. less divided. Connects present sp. with _C. infundibuliformis_. + +var. _lutescens_, Fr. P. convex, umbil. almost even and regular; g. less +divided. + +Differs in more equal stem narrowed upwards. + +Connects _C. tubaeformis_ with _C. infundibuliformis_. + +=infundibuliformis=, Fr. P. 2-6 cm. thin; infundib. floccoso-rugose, +smoky yellow then pale; g. thick, dichotomous, greyish yellow, pruinose; +s. fistulose, even, glabrous, yellow; sp. 9-10 × 6. + +=cinereus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, infundib. open at base, blackish grey, +villosely-squamulose; g. thick, distant, grey; s. 3-5 cm. paler than p.; +sp. 7 × 5. (15-8 Sacc.) + +Resembling _Craterellus cornucopioides_ but having distinct gills. + +[=leucophaeus=, Nouel. P. thin, tough, infundib. glabrous, brownish +umber; g. distant, simple, mixed with dichotomous ones, white; s. +stuffed, thin, even, colour of p. + +=cupulatus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. plano-infundib. wavy, hygr. pallid +fuscous or brownish, flocculose when dry; g. very distant, branched, +grey; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, polished, colour of p.; sp. 7 × 5. + +=Houghtoni=, Phil. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. wavy, whitish; g. slightly +decur. narrow, tinged pink; s. 3-5 cm. equal, whitish, stuffed; sp. 7 × +4. + +=Stevensoni=, B. and Br. P. 5-8 mm. orbicular, umbil. pallid, smooth; g. +decur. pallid; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, cylindrical, white then darker, +pulverulent; sp. ----. + +=replexus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. convex, exp. and inversed, +striate, brown then grey; g. adnato-decur. veined, branched, distant, +white or glaucous; s. 3-5 cm. fistulose, glabrous, thickened upwards; +sp. ----. + +Habit of a _Mycena_ but g. thick and fold-like. + +var. _devexus_, Fr. P. cucullate; s. stuffed; g. simple, grey. + +[=hygrophanous=, C. P. Laest. P. infundib. punctate, hygr. edge +involute, obtuse; g. decur. branched, edge obtuse; s. fistulose, tough, +silky-shining. + +[=coriaceus=, Preuss. P. depr. rusty brown, edge rather wavy and then +incurved; g. vein-like, forked, pale yellow; s. stuffed, thick, pallid. + + B. MERISMA. _Stems very numerous, united into an elongated column, + or branched._ + +[=fascicularis=, Strauss. P. tubiform, split on one side, cochleate, +downily scaly; flesh and connate stems violet. + +[=ramosus=, Schulz. Lurid yellow. P. fleshy, plano-depr. at length +deeply umbil. fibrous; s. solid, caespitose, divided into branches each +dilating into a pileus at its apex; g. vein-like, anastomosing. + +[=polycephalus=, Bres. Branched. P. convex then subinfundib. white, edge +lobed; g. decur. white, connected by veins; s. white, downy, apex +branched; sp. 6 × 3.5. + +[=ochraceus=, Gill. P. unequally infundib. edge upturned, lobed, +yellowish ochre; g. decur. almost to base of stem, anastomosing, +rosy-white; s. branched, even, spotted ochre. + + C. PLEUROPUS. _Stem exactly lateral._ + +[=spathulatus=, Fr. P. fleshy, spathulate, glabrous, brownish; g. +dichotomous, crowded, white; s. thin, glabrous. + +=muscigenus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. spathulate, horizontal, glabrous, zoned, +yellowish brown or fuscous, greyish white when old; g. thick, distant, +branched, colour of p.; s. short, base downy; sp. 10-12 × 6-8. + +Differs from _C. glaucus_ in being brown when moist, and from _C. +retirugis_ in having a distinct lateral stem. + +=glaucus=, Batsch. Grey. P. 1 cm. ligulate, ascending, silky, not +zoned; g. fold-like, tumid, distant, forked; s. short, pruinose; sp. 5 × +3. + + D. RESUPINATE. _Pileus cup-shaped at first, fixed by the vertex, + then subreflexed._ + + * _Growing on mosses._ + +[=bryophilus=, Fr. P. thin, cupulate, white, vertex forming a stem-like +point of attachment, villose; g. broad, dichot., radiating from centre. + +Gills acute, much resembling an Agaric. + +[=juranus=, Q. and Pat. (= _Dictyolus_.) P. wavy, 1-2 mm. diam. +snow-white, becoming split, thin, downy, springing from cobweb-like +mycelium; g. fold-like, branched, broad, thin, white then cream; sp. 6-7 +long. + +Close to _C. bryophilus_. + +=retirugus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. thin, exp. wavy and lobed, greyish-white, +adfixed by fibrils behind; g. radiating from centre, very thin, +reticulated; sp. 10 × 8. + +=lobatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, lobed, brown then pale; g. +fold-like, distinct, branched, divergent; sp. ----. + +[=muscorum=, Fr. P. thin, gelatinous, ear-shaped, dingy rufous, +glabrous; g. crisped, folds divided near the margin of p.; sp. 3-4 × +2-3. + + ** _Growing on wood._ + +[=applicatus=, Lév. P. lobed, margin byssoid, tomentose, white; g. +vein-like, radiating from the centre, forked, white. + +[=odorus=, Wetts. Reddish-yellow, strongly-scented. P. entire, solid, +fleshy, convex then turbinate or subconcave, often umbil. or subwavy, +glabrous, edge slightly incurved; g. thick, forked, decur.; s. solid, +glabrous; sp. subgl. 3-4. + +[=crucibulum=, Fr. P. cup-shaped, downy, white; g. dichotomous, broad, +dingy yellow, edge obtuse. + +[=Coemansii=, Rab. P. campan. tomentose, whitish, edge incurved; g. +fold-like, somewhat forked, cinnamon. + + +ARRHENIA, Fr. + + * _Stem lateral._ + +[=auriscalpium=, Fr. Brown. P. thin, convex, glabrous; g. vein-like, +few, distant, simple; s. exactly lateral, straight, downy. + +Resembling _Hyduum auriscalpium_ in form, but smaller. + + ** _Pileus sessile._ + +[=tenella=, Fr. P. .5-1 cm. effuso-reflexed, thin, soft, blackish, +becoming lobed; g. vein-like, simple, with shorter ones, dark. + +[=cupularis=, Fr. P. 2-3 mm. resupinate, soft, orbicular, outside even, +downy, grey; g. vein-like, simple, radiating from centre. + +Resembles young condition of _Pleurotus applicatus_. + +[=fimicola=, Bagl. P. resupinate, thin, concavo-patellate, flesh-colour, +with a byssoid border; veins very slight, distant. + + +NYCTALIS, Fr. + + A. SPELEAE. _Gills crowded, more or less coalescent. Very doubtful, + probably morbid forms of Agarics._ + +[=verpoides=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, brown; g. very thick, +coalescent; s. equal, rigid, striate, glabrous. + +[=cryptarum=, Secr. Foetid. P. conico-deformed, brown; g. adnexed, +undulate, subcoalescent, flocculose, fleshy-grey; s. unequal, flexuose, +hoary-fibrillose. + +[=canaliculata=, Pers. P. pallid white, oblique, subumbil. almost +glabrous; g. crowded, distinct, almost simple, edge slightly +canaliculate; s. solid, subundulate, naked. + +=caliginosa=, W. G. Sm. P. subumb. edge incurved, greyish, white and +silky when dry, 1 cm.; g. subdecur. thick, narrow, branched, grey; s. +3-5 cm. often inflated, whitish, silky, hollow, rusty inside; sp. 5 × 3. + + B. PARASITAE. _Gills distinct from each other, distant. Growing on + decaying fungi._ + +[=nauseosa=, Weinm. Smell nauseous. P. fleshy, globose then hemisph. +ochraceous, pulverulent, edge involute; g. distant, forked, pallid; s. +fistulose, thick, obliquely sulcate and twisted, pallid. + +Larger than _N. asterophora_. + +=asterophora=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. conical then hemispher. fawn, mealy with +large stellate conidia; g. adnate, distant, rather forked, dingy; s. +1-1.5 cm. whitish pruinose then brownish, twisted; sp. 3 × 2. + +=parasitica=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then exp. irreg. with grey meal +formed of large, elliptical, smooth conidia; g. adnate, thick, distant, +then forked and anastomosing, dusky; s. 2-6 cm. whitish, floccosely +downy; sp. 5 × 3.5. + +[=microphylla=, Corda. P. hemispher. soft, glabrous, naked, white; g. +adnate, entire, dingy white; s. glabrous, bluish. + +[=vopiscus=, Fr. P. cup-shaped, reflexed then recurved, pallid; g. +thick, radiating from centre; s. short, excentric, curved, flocculose, +pallid. + + +LENTINUS, Fr. + + A. MESOPODES. _Pileus subentire; stem distinct._ + + * _Pileus squamulose._ + +=tigrinus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. orbicular, umbil. whitish, with blackish +innate scales; g. very narrow, tinged yellow; s. 3-5 cm. slender, +squamulose; sp. 7 × 3.5. + +=Dunalii=, Fr. P. umbil. deformed, pallid with spot-like adpressed +scales which disappear; g. crowded, pallid; s. 1.5-2 cm. rather silky; +sp. ----. + +=lepideus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. tough, depr. irreg. pale ochre breaking up +into darker spot-like scales; g. sinuato-decur. broad, whitish; s. 2-3 +cm. stout, rooting, tomentosely squamulose; sp. 7 × 3. (10-14 × 6 Sacc.) + +var. _contiguus_, Fr. P. thinner, plano-depr. and with the slender stem, +even. + +[=gallicus=, Q. P. ivory colour with tawny lilac flecks, then areolate; +s. pubescent, white, apex sulcate, then torn into scales, flesh +coloured; g. white, decur. in lines; sp. 10-12 long. + +[=sitaneus=, Fr. P. elastic, convex, unequal, grey, fibrillosely scaly; +g. deeply decur. base anastomosing; s. firm, curved, fibrillose. + +[=degener=, Kalchb. P. hemispher. exp. ochre with tawny scales; g. very +narrow, anastomosing; s. stout, scaly, base blackish. + +[=contortus=, Fr. P. orbicular, umbil. tawny rufescent with darker +scales; g. crowded, subdecur.; s. twisted, subsulcate, squamulose. + +[=Queletii=, Schulz. P. at first regular, edge incurved, umber, then +depr. edge wavy and split, and becoming pale or almost white, scaly; g. +pale ochre, edge torn; s. branched, excentric, colour of p. squamulose; +sp. 7-8 × 3. + + ** _Pileus villose or pulverulent._ + +=leontopodius=, Schulz. P. 7-16 cm. tough, irreg. slightly tomentose, +disc depr. tan, edge bent down, lobed; g. decur. connected by veins, +sides rugose; s. 6-9 cm. stout, woody, pulverulent, tan, base blackish; +sp. 12-15 long. + +[=domesticus=, Karst. Very large. P. tough, edge thin, subinfundib. +oblique, irregular, cuticle broken up into darker adpressed revolute +scales, rusty; g. deeply decur. toothed, narrowed at both ends, very +broad, pale tawny rusty then reddish; s. excentric, solid, rusty, +squamulose; sp. 3-5 × 2-3. + +[=hornotinus=, Fr. P. deformed, pulverulent, grey; g. crowded, white; s. +caespitosely branched, unequal, rather woody. + +[=pulverulentus=, Scop. P. tough, convex, yellow, white-pulverulent; g. +toothed, white; s. stout, equal, rigid, with white powder. + +[=lusitanicus=, Kalchb. P. oblique, not compact, depr. sublobed, +tomentose, becoming naked, tan; g. decur. crowded, anastomosing, white; +s. short, excentric or lateral, solid, even, glabrous, colour of p.; sp. +----. + +=resinaceus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. tough, excentric, cinnamon-ochre, villose, +matted with resin; g. crowded, shining white; s. 2 cm. partly hollow, +downy; sp. ----. + +=adhaerens=, A. and S. P. 2-3 cm. tough, irreg. lacunose, rather +pulverulent; g. decur. in lines, very thin, torn, white; s. colour of p. +glutinous, rooting; sp. ----. + +P. and s. appear as if lacquered from the dried gluten. + + *** _Pileus glabrous._ + +[=suffrutescens=, Fr. P. tough, convex then infundib. glabrous, somewhat +rusty; g. crenato-torn, yellowish; s. elongated, somewhat branched, +woody. + +[=auricolor=, Brig. Subcaespitose, golden yellow, oblique; g. decur.; s. +fibroso-woody, subexcentric, distorted. + +[=anisatus=. P. tough, subflabelliform or obliquely subinfundib. +somewhat lobed, whitish; g. decur. tinged yellow, edge entire; s. +lateral or excentric, short, pallid; sp. 6-7 × 3.5. + +[=jugis=, Fr. White. P. irreg. lobed, glabrous, rather viscid; g. +dentate; s. short, irreg. scaly. + +[=umbellatus=, Fr. P. tough, umbil. pervious, glabrous, yellowish grey; +g. very narrow, white; s. branched, sulcate. + +=cochleatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. tough, flaccid, irreg. depr. or infundib. +reddish cinnamon; g. crowded, serrate, pinkish white; s. solid, length +variable, several frequently more or less grown together, sulcate, +glabrous; sp. ----. + +Edible. Smell sometimes spicy, at others almost none. + +[=friabilis=, Fr. Caespitose, fleshy-fibrous, fragile, becoming pale. P. +thin, subdimidiate, umbilicate, pervious into partly hollow contorted +s.; g. crowded, narrow. + +[=omphalodes=, Fr. Solitary. P. thin, tough, at first deeply umbil. +livid straw-colour then pale, limb convex then exp. and wavy; g. decur. +arcuate, pallid; s. central, thin, tough, glabrous, scrobiculate. + +[=bisus=, Q. P. tough, convex, exp. deeply umbil. irreg. excentric, edge +lobed, livid grey, umbil. fuscous; g. sinuato-decur. greyish white, edge +toothed; s. brown, longitudinally sulcate, twisted, excentric; sp. glob. +4-5. + +[=badius=, Bres. P. thin, tough, regular, excentric, or subdimidiate, +with longitudinal cristate veins, bay then pale; g. very distant, edge +deeply and irreg. crenate; s. short, greyish-lilac; sp. 5-6 × 4-4.5. + +[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. (= _L. divisus_, Schulz.) P. soon irreg. +infundib. wavy and sinuate, glabrous, even, pale smoky fuscous; g. +distant, spuriously decur.; s. very tough, obconic, subrooting, tinged +reddish; sp. 8-10 long. + +[=hispidosus=, Fr. Caespitose. P. thin, subdimidiate, lobed, infundib. +hispidly scaly, rusty, edge torn, proliferous; g. serrulate; s. many, +growing out of each other. + + B. PLEUROTI. _Dimidiate, sessile or with a sublateral stem._ + +=scoticus=, B. and Br. P. 2-5 cm. thin, umbil. or infundib. smooth, +pallid or brownish, hygr.; g. decur. when stem is present, pallid, +strongly toothed; s. excentric or lateral, variable, darker than p. +springing from a branched brown mycelium; sp. 5-6 × 4. + +=fimbriatus=, Currey. P. 1-2 cm. thin, depr. behind, pale fawn with +darker scales, margin hairy; g. narrow, tinged brown; s. .5 cm. thin, +whitish; sp. ----. + +[=ursinus=, Fr. P. sessile, imbricated, ear-shaped, ascending, even, +rufous brown, brownish tomentose behind with age, edge entire, glabrous; +g. broad, torn, whitish. + +[=castoreus=, Fr. P. subsessile, imbricate, pilei tongue-shaped, +glabrous, subrugose, rufous then tan, edge involute, entire; g. closely +crowded, rufescent. + +=vulpinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. tough, shell-shaped, imbricate, connate +behind, longitudinally corrugated with ribs, floccoso-scrupose, tan, +edge incurved, entire; g. broad, torn, white; sp. glob. 2. + +[=auricula=, Fr. White, caespitosely imbricated, p. dimidiate, sessile, +ascending, glabrous, at length revolute; g. linear, densely crenulate; +sp. glob. 3. + +Habit of _Pleur. porrigens_. + +[=suavissimis=, Fr. Smell very pleasant. Subsessile, white, thin, +peltate, even, glabrous; g. dentate, decurrent from base, anastomosing. + +=flabelliformis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. subsessile, thin, tough, reniform, +glabrous, fawn-colour, edge crenato-fimbriate; g. broad, torn, pallid. + +[=tomentellus=, Karst. Subsessile, imbricately tufted, coriaceous, p. +horizontal, tongue-shaped or obovoid, tomentose, whitish then tinged +rufescent, yellowish when dry, edge wavy, incurved; g. much crowded, +narrow, whitish, tinged red when dry, edge toothed. + +[=hygrophanus=, Harz. P. conchate, woolly, digitately lobed, white then +yellowish ochre, glabrous, hygr. fragile, fixed by a narrow lateral +point; g. densely and acutely dentato-serrate; sp. glob. 3-3.5. + + +PANUS, Fr. + + * _Pileus irregular; stem excentric._ + +[=farneus=, Fr. P. compact, hard, irreg. circinate, nearly plane, +unequal, dingy yellow; g. adnate, crowded; s. short, glabrous, sulcate, +pinkish. + +[=cyathiformis=, Schaeff. P. obliquely cup-shaped, wavy, squamulose, +brick-red then pale; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. very short, +even, firm, excentric. + +[=fulvidus=, Bres. P. tough, thin, convex or subcampan. exp. gibbous or +umb. tawny then pale, with brown squamules, edge fibrilloso-sulcate; g. +almost free, white; s. solid, white, narrowed to a rooting base, apex +sulcate; sp. 12-18 × 6-9. + +[=urnula=, Fr. Subsessile, imbricated. P. subexcentric, urniform, even, +glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry, edge lobed; g. attenuato-decur. grey. + +[=vaporarius=, Bagl. Caespitose imbricate. P. subcoriaceous, base +narrowed, erect, spathulate then utriculiform, undulately lobed, +pruinose, dingy white then livid violet; g. decur. very narrow, tinged +rose. + +=conchatus=, Fr. P. tough, thin, unequal, excentric, dimidiate, cinnamon +then pale, becoming squamulose, 3-9 cm.; g. decur. in lines, somewhat +branched, pinkish then ochre; s. 1-2 cm. unequal, base pubescent; sp. +----. + +Rigid and the gills crisped or wavy when dry. + +=torulosus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. plano-infundib. even, flesh colour then +ochre; g. decur. rather distant, reddish then tan; s. 1-2 cm. stout, +oblique, greyish-tomentose; sp. ----. + +=rudis=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4-6 cm. tough, depressed, sinuate, +reddish-tan, bristling with tufts of hairs; g. decur. narrow, crowded, +pale buff; s. very short or obsolete, hirsute; sp. ----. + +[=Lamyanus=, Mont. P. orbicular, edge incurved, and, with the central +stem, tawny umber and fasciculately hirsute; g. narrow, thick, forked, +decur. + +[=granulatus=, Berk. and Mont. Entirely rusty-saffron; p. semiorbicular; +s. short, excentric, granular; g. sparingly connected by veins. + +[=Schurii=, Schulz. P. coriaceous, flattened, centre concave, wavy, +obconic, even, glabrous, whitish; g. decur. narrow, pallid; s. central, +fibrillose, short or almost absent. + +[=inverse-conicus=, Lerchenf. and Schulz. P. flattened, broadly umbil. +whitish, edge incurved, inversely conical; g. decur. both ends acute; s. +central, cylindrical, white then brown. + + ** _Stem definitely lateral._ + +[=foetens=, Fr. Foetid. P. spongy, spathulate, convex then depr. +yellowish white, rather silky, base continued into a long stem +channelled above; g. decur. firm, crowded, reddish-yellow. + +[=cochlearis=, Pers. Caespitose, tawny. P. oval, convex, spathulate, +hirsute, edge involute, entire; s. lateral; g. decur. + +=stipticus=, Fr. Taste hot and pungent. P. thin, flexible, reniform, +cinnamon then pale, broken up into scurfy squamules; g. determinate, +thin, reticulately joined, cinnamon; s. lateral, very short, dilated +into the p.; sp. 3 × 2. + +[=flabellulum=, A. and S. P. dimidiate, flabellate, subsquamulose, +produced into a short stem-like base, white then fawn; g. decur. +crowded; sp. 2.5-3.5. + +[=tenuis=, Wetts. P. thin, reniform or suborbicular, convex then exp. +ochre or subfuscous, glabrous, somewhat shining; g. numerous, very thin, +colour of p.; s. lateral, oblique; sp. 2.5 × 1.5. + +=farinaceus=, Schum. P. 1.5-2 cm. flexuous, dusky cinnamon, broken up +into greyish-white scurf which falls away; g. free, distinct, pale; s. +lateral, short; sp. ----. + +var. _albido-tomentosus_, Cke. and Mass. P. with short, whitish velvety +down, semicircular; g. honey colour; sp. subgl. 5. + +[=Schultzii=, Kalchb. P. spathulato-flabelliform, rigid, coriaceous, +concentrically sulcate, radiately rugose, dingy brick-red; g. crowded, +paler than p., edge brownish; s. expanding into pileus, apex virgate; +sp. 3 × 1. + +Allied to _P. stypticus_. + + *** _Pileus resupinate, sessile or produced to a point of + attachment behind._ + +[=violaceofulvus=, Q. P. resupinate, thin, hygr. cup-shaped then exp. +and reflexed, pulverulent, violet-umber; g. pale violet. + +[=ringens=, Fr. P. resupinate, thin, flaccid, orbicular then partly +closed over and gaping, reddish-brown, edge striate; g. simple, +flesh-colour. + +=patellaris=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. resupinate, plano-depr. orbicular, pallid +scurfy or downy, edge involute; g. ochraceous; sp. 4 × 3. + +=Stevensonii=, B. and Br. P. spathulate, olive yellow; s. dilated above +convex, golden, slightly hispid; g. narrow, entire; flesh +greenish-yellow. + +[=pudens=, Q. P. cup-shaped then pendulous, with white pubescence, edge +becoming rosy; g. tinted lilac. + +[=Delastri=, Mont. Resupinate, coriaceous, urceolato-turbinate, vertex +protruding as a tomentose stem, edge incurved; g. brownish purple, edge +white-pruinose. + +[=lithophilus=, Fr. P. resupinate, flattened, sessile, adnate, downy, +edge free; g. radiating from a point, amethyst. + + +XEROTUS, Fr. + +=degener=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, plano-infundib. edge entire, greyish +bay, slightly zoned when moist; g. distant, decur. simple or dichot. +greyish; s. 1-2 cm. brown with white down. + +A very uncertain sp. probably some _Clitocybe_. Quélet says it is an old +condition of _Cantharellus carbonarius_. + +[=romanus=, Fr. P. glabrous, thin, exp. umbil. even, brownish, edge +lobed; g. thick, crisped, rufescent; s. rigid, fistulose, black. + + +LENZITES, Fr. + + * _Growing on Angiosperms._ + +[=albida=, Fr. P. corky, soft, plane, zoneless, whitish, tomentose; g. +thin, dichot. anastomosing, entire, whitish. Effuso-reflexed. + +=betulina=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. firm, long, 2-5 cm. broad, broadly attached, +flesh 4-6 mm. thick, pallid or tinged brown, rather zoned, tomentose; g. +thin, forked, whitish; sp. 4 × 2. + +=flaccida=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. flaccid, more or less flabelliform, thin, +strigose, zoned, pallid; g. broad, crowded, unequally branched, whitish; +sp. 7 × 5. + +[=variegata=, Fr. P. rigid, plane, velvety, zoned with different colour, +edge whitish; g. broad, thickish, anastomosing, white, edge torn. + +Habit and colour of _Poly. versicolor_. + +[=trabea=, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, rugulose, almost glabrous, +brownish; g. straight, simple and forked, freely anastomosing, entire, +reddish. + +Habit of _Dedaelea quercina_ but thinner. + +[=cinnamomea=, Fr. P. coriaceous, flattened, firm, downy, concentrically +sulcate, inside and out cinnamon; g. rather distant, straight, unequal, +almost simple, narrow, entire, colour of p. + +var. _crocata_, Sacc. P. strigosely velvety, sulcate, brown; g. yellow, +edge unequal, paler, trama bright saffron. + +[=tricolor=, Fr. P. corky, plane, base gibbous, scabrid, zoned and +radiately rugulose, yellow then dingy; g. thin, distant, forked, +anastomosing behind, citrin then umber. + + ** _Growing on Gymnosperms._ + +=sepiaria=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. long, hard, zoned, bay, strigose, rough; g. +branched, anastomosing, yellowish; sp. 5 × 4. + +=abietina=, Fr. P. 3-12 cm. effuso-reflexed, umber-tomentose then nearly +glabrous, hoary; g. decur. simple, unequal, with white meal; sp. 7-8 × +4. + +[=pinastri=, Kalchb. P. coriaceous, rigid, convex, tomentose, +obsoletely zoned, disc hoary, edge with broad rusty band; g. densely +anastomosing, pallid. + +[=Queletii=, Schulz. P. generally reniform, corky, pale ochre becoming +deep yellow when wet, closely zoned; g. thick, anastomosing and forming +pores behind, whitish, edge tan; sp. 13-18 × 6-8. + +var. _populina_, Schulz. P. narrowed into stem-like base, tomentose, +greyish or ochre; g. sometimes greyish, edge subserrulate. + +var. _crassior_, Schulz. P. blackish grey and scabrid behind, rest +hispid-tomentose; sp. 4 × 1. + +[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. (= _L. tricolor_, Kalch. not of Fr.). P. +semiorbicular, broadly adnate, gibbous, subtomentose, multizoned, +interruptedly radially wrinkled, umber then tawny; edge of g. colour of +p., sides paler; flesh fuscous. + +=Reichardtii=, Schulz. Subimbricated. P. semiorbicular, adnate, base +brownish, ochre or whitish towards edge, grey when old, imperfectly +zoned; g. tan, at first white mealy, some forked. + +[=heteromorpha=, Fr. Coriaceous, thin, effuso-reflexed, gibbous, +fibroso-rugose, pallid, margin incised into broad plates, crowded, +somewhat branched, white, excurrent. + +var. _resupinata_, Fr. Resupinate, porose. + +[=labyrinthica=, Q. and Schulz. P. irregularly rounded, edge sinuate, +produced behind into a short stem-like base, greyish white, base darker, +not zoned but with scattered warts; lamellate in front underneath, +behind white, glabrous and sterile; g. tan, anastomosing and forming +labyrinthiform pores; sp. 6-8 × 3-4. + +[=faventina=, Caldesi. P. dimidiate, sessile, corky, +tuberculato-scrobiculate, whitish then grey; g. radiating, irreg. porose +behind, tinged yellow, edge acute, darker. + +[=mollis=, Heufler. P. broadly exp. incurved, soft, edge brown with +darker zones, centre grey; g. strongly anastomosing, greyish or +wood-colour. + +[=septentrionalis=, Karst. P. sessile, dimidiate, gibbous behind, +floccose, radiately rugulose, pallid brownish with darker zones, almost +glabrous, edge thin, blackish; g. simple, crowded, very broad, fuscous. + +[=sorbina=, Karst. P. corky, effuso-reflexed, imbricate, almost +glabrous, usually even, not zoned, thin, pallid, edge obtuse; g. +anastomosing, dingy white, thickish. + + +TROGIA, Fr. + +=crispa=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. shallowly cup-shaped, reflexed, lobed, downy, +yellowish brown, edge whitish; g. fold-like, dichotomous, crisped, +greyish-white; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +In the only European sp. the edge of gills not channelled. + + +SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr. + +=commune=, Fr. P. thin, more or less fan-shaped or reniform, often much +lobed, narrowed behind to a point of attachment, whitish, downy then +strigose; g. radiating, narrow, brownish, edge split; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +var. _multifidum_, Mass. (= _S. multifidum_, Fr.) P. deeply incised, +segments narrow. + + + + +CHLOROSPORAE. + + +=Chlorospora=. Gills free; veil appendiculate; volva and ring absent. + +[=Chlorophyllum=. Gills free; veil forming a persistent ring on the +stem, volva absent. Not European.] + + +CHLOROSPORA. + +=Eyrei=, Mass. (= _Schulzeria Eyrei_, Mass.) P. 2-4 cm. campan. then +exp. and umb. even, glabrous, pale tan, edge appendiculate; g. free, +clear pale green then deep bluish-green; s. 4-5 cm. equal, slightly +wavy, pallid; sp. green, 4-5 × 3. + +The only known European representative of the Chlorosporae. + + + + +RHODOSPORAE. + + + A. _Gills free._ + +=Volvaria=. Volva present; ring absent. + +=Annularia=. Volva absent; ring present, often falling away. + +=Pluteus=. Volva and ring both absent. + + B. _Gills adnexed, rarely adnate._ + +=Entoloma=. Gills sinuate behind; edge of pileus incurved when young; +stem fibrous or fleshy. + +=Nolanea=. Stem cartilaginous; pileus campanulate, edge straight and +adpressed to stem when young. + +=Leptonia=. Stem cartilaginous; pileus convexo-plane, edge incurved at +first; gills soon separating from stem. + + C. _Gills decurrent._ + +=Clitopilus=. Stem central, fibrous; edge of p. incurved at first. + +=Eccilia=. Stem central, cartilaginous; pileus umbilicate. + +=Claudopus=. Stem excentric, minute, or absent. Species minute, +membranaceous. + + +VOLVARIA, Fr. + + * _Pileus dry, silky, or fibrillose._ + +=bombycina=, Schaeff. P. 9-18 cm. campan. then exp. and subumb. white, +silky-fibrillose; g. flesh-colour; s. 7-14 cm. solid, attenuated, +glabrous, white, volva ample; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +[=regia=, Fr. P. convex then exp. white or with a reddish tinge, +glabrous, dry; g. crowded; s. white or tinged yellow, solid, glabrous; +ring persistent; volva white, large. + +=volvacea=, Bull. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. obtuse, grey or +greyish-yellow, virgate with adpressed black fibrils; g. flesh-colour; +s. 5-9 cm. solid, subequal, white, volva large; sp. 6-8 × 3.5-4. + +[=arenaria=, Otth. P. campan. exp. umb. silky fibrillose, whitish brown, +disc darker, dry; g. crowded, near to stem, subventricose; s. rather +shining, whitish, base thickened; volva mostly adherent, laciniate, +brownish. + +=Loveiana=, Berk. P. 5-7 cm. convex, obtuse, white, silky; g. +pinkish-salmon; s. bulbous, narrowed upwards, solid, white, volva irreg. +lobed; sp. 4-5 × 3. + +Parasitic on _Clitocybe nebularis_. + +=Taylori=, Berk. P. 3-5 cm. conical then obtuse, livid, edge paler, +striately cracked; g. narrowest behind; s. 4-5 cm. equal, solid, +whitish; volva lobed, brownish; sp. 5 × 3.5-4. + +Differs from _V. volvacea_ by gills being narrowed behind, and small +brown volva. + +[=grisea=, Q. P. flexuous, silky-villose; g. crisped, hoary; s. short, +tomentose; volva trilobed; sp. 8-9. + +[=murinella=, Q. P. campan. villose, grey; g. remote, ventricose; s. +slightly striate, white; volva 3-4 lobed, white; sp. 6-8 × 3-4. + +[=hypopithys=, Fr. Small. Shining white. P. conical then campan. dry, +silky; g. white then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, pubescent, +adpressedly silky; volva bilobed; sp. 6-8 × 4. + + ** _Pileus more or less viscid and (one species excepted) + glabrous._ + +[=rhodomela=, Lasch. P. campan. then exp. somewhat sooty, squamulose, +viscid; g. reddish; s. solid, attenuated, delicately floccoso-downy then +almost glabrous; volva small, floccose. + +=speciosa=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. P. soft, campan. then exp. obtuse, glabrous, +viscid edge even, white or disc greyish; g. flesh-colour; s. 10-18 cm. +subbulbous, solid, attenuated, villose, white; volva lax, villose; sp. +14-16 × 8. + +[=theiodes=, Saut. P. campan. then exp. citrin, mealy, with deciduous +squamules, broadly umb. edge sulcate; g. free, broad; s. hollow, +fuscous. + +=gloiocephala=, D. C. P. 7-11 cm. campan. then exp. umb. glutinous, +sooty, edge striate; g. reddish; s. 8-14 cm. solid, glabrous, whitish, +tinged brown below; volva adnate except a small free margin; sp. 10-12 × +6-7. + +=viperina=, Fr. P. persistently conical, acute, grey; g. tinged yellow +then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, closely sheathed by the thin volva. + +=media=, Schum. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, silky when dry, white or +disc tinged brown; g. rosy; s. 4-7 cm. solid, equal, glabrous, white; +volva lobed; sp. 5 × 3.5. + +Intermediate in size between _V. speciosa_ and _V. parvula_; differs +from former in glabrous s. and volva, and from latter in solid stem. + +=parvula=, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. then plane, umb. disc often +tinged brown; g. flesh-colour; s. 2-3 cm. equal, subfistulose, silky; +volva lax, usually 3-4 lobed; sp. 5 × 3.5. + +var. _biloba_, Cke. S. stuffed, pubescent; volva bilobed. + +=temperata=, Berk. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then exp. and umb., disc tinged +tawny, rest whitish, striate; g. pale salmon; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. whitish, +volva rather large, lobed; sp. 4 × 2.5. + + +ANNULARIA, Schulz. + +=laevis=, Krombh. P. 4-6 cm. convex subumb. whitish; g. free, narrowed +behind, becoming pale flesh-colour; s. 4-6 cm. base swollen, white, ring +large, free; sp. subgl. 7-8. + +[=Fenzlii=, Schulz. P. ovate then exp. sulphur then egg-yellow; g. +ventricose, rosy; s. soon hollow, subattenuated, sulphur below the +median ring. + +[=alutacea=, Pers. P. campan. obtusely umb. glabrous, tan; g. crowded; +s. glabrous, ring lax. + +[=xanthogramma=, Ces. P. convex, umb. squamulosely punctate from the +umbo, milk-white with densely crowded yellow striae; g. very broad, +crowded; s. stuffed, thin, obsoletely annulate below middle. + +=transilvanica=, Schulz. P. campan. striate to vertex, whitish, apex +darker, edge lobed; g. crowded, unequal; s. hollow, paler than p., +flocculose, ring complete, membranous. + + +PLUTEUS, Fr. + + * _Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose._ + +=cervinus=, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. even, glabrous, then broken +up into fibrillose squamules which fall away, smoky with a yellowish or +fawn-coloured tinge; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 5-9 cm. solid, +whitish with black fibrils; sp. 7-8 × 5-6; cystidia ventricose. + +var. _rigens_, Pers. P. grey, blackish, virgate or squamulose; s. +glabrous, somewhat shining. + +var. _patricius_, Schulz. P. whitish then grey with umber or tan scales, +then almost glabrous, silky shining, and radiately cracked; s. even, +white. + +var. _eximius_, Saund. and Sm. Large and showy. P. even, with a +separable viscid pellicle, reddish-umber, vermilion near edge when +young; s. fibrillose, at length blackish. + +var. _petasatus_, Fr. P. umb. glabrous, greyish white, with a separable +pellicle, at length striate to middle; s. fibrillosely striate, at +length tawny. + +var. _Bullii_, Berk. P. convex, smooth, even, pallid, disc darker; s. +pale brown. + +[=sororiata=, Karst. P. campan. exp. floccosely scaly, yellow; g. +flesh-colour; s. pallid then yellowish; sp. 7-8 × 6. + +[=montellicus=, Sacc. P. flesh spongy, dry, exp. yellowish, almost +glabrous; g. olive-grey; s. fibrous, rufescent, incurved; sp. 10 × 8. + +=umbrosus=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. lacunose-rugose, at first +downy, umber, edge ciliato-fimbriate; g. edge smoky-fimbriate; s. 4-7 +cm. solid, squamulosely downy, pale; sp. 6-7 × 5; cystidia ventricose. + +Differs from _P. cervinus_ in downy p. and dark-edged gills. + +=ephebius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, covered with bluish down, edge +naked; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4-7 cm. stuffed, glabrous, slightly +striate, whitish or tinged grey; sp. 7 × 4. + +Differs from _P. cervinus_ in minutely downy p. which is sometimes +brownish-violet. + +var. _drepanophyllus_, Schulz. P. umber; s. at length hollow. + +[=granulatus=, Bres. (= _plautus_, Q., not of Fr.) P. campan. then exp. +hygr. edge striate, rufescent, densely covered with minute granules of +same colour; g. free, edge fimbriate; s. hyaline-white, often +compressed, grooved, rather scurfy, somewhat rooting; sp. 6-8. + +=violarius=, Mass. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. hemisph. then nearly plane, minutely +velvety, watery, dark purple, flesh grey; g. flesh-colour, edge +serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, whitish upwards, base pale brown with +black fibrils; sp. subgl. 5-6. + +=salicinus=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. bluish-grey, disc darker and +floccosely rugose; g. rosy; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, fibrillose, +bluish-white; sp. ----. + +var. _beryllus_, Pers. P. greenish. + +var. _floccosus_, Karst. P. floccosely scaly. + +=hispidulus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convexo-plane, pilose or silky, grey, +edge at length slightly striate; g. flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. fistulose, +even, glabrous, silvery-white; sp. ----. + +[=curtus=, Karst. P. convexo-exp. obtuse, longitudinally fibrillose or +cracked, with short, stout, erect, muricately squarrose scales at disc, +pallid then fuscescent; g. adnexed, broad, ventricose; s. rigid, short, +equal, wavy, floccosely squamulose, fuscescent, apex naked; sp. rough, 5 +× 3-4. + +Resembling _Inocybe lacera_ but smaller and shorter. + +=pellitus=, Fr. White. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, even, dry, silky; g. +flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, glabrous, even, shining; sp. ----. + +var. _punctillifer_, Q. P. exp. whitish, centre tinged fuscous, and with +minute umber squamules; s. whitish, squamulose below; sp. 3-4. + +var. _gracilis_, Bres. P. white, becoming very faintly tinged umber at +disc; s. cylindrical, glabrous; sp. 5-6 long. + +[=Roberti=, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, slightly hairy, not +sulcate, white tinged fuscous; g. very broad, shining white; s. apex +hollow, solid below and slightly thickened. + +Fries considers this sp. as near to _P. semibulbosus_ notwithstanding +the white gills. + + ** _Pileus atomately pruinose, subpulverulent._ + +[=plautus=, Weinm. P. campan. exp. even, glabrous, tan when moist, smoky +hoary; g. flesh-colour; s. fistulose, soft like velvet, blackish brown. + +var. _terrestris_, Bres. P. exp. edge wavy, dry, pruinosely velvety, +sooty black, rugulose; g. edge subfimbriate; s. velvety, blackish; sp. 6 +× 5. + +[=cinereus=, Q. Scurfy-flocculose, grey. P. with raised veins forming +pits; s. springing from a white byssoid mycelium; sp. glob. 6-8. + +=nanus=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, rugulose, smoky, sprinkled with +floccose bloom; g. flesh-colour; 3-4 cm. solid, rigid, striate, white; +sp. subgl. echin. 5-6. + +var. _lutescens_, Fr. Stem and g. or first only, yellowish. + +var. _major_, Cke. Larger. P. even, greyish. + +All the forms differ from _P. cervinus_ and its vars. in having +subglobose spores. + +[=exiguus=, Pat. P. exp. reddish brown, bristling with minute squamules; +g. distant from stem, ventricose; s. white, pruinose, thickened at base, +solid; sp. 6-7 × 3. + +Near _P. nanus_, but smaller and p. squamulose. + +=melanodon=, Secr. P. convexo-plane, umb. pulverulent, edge slightly +striate, dull yellow; g. pale flesh-colour, edge with minute black +teeth; s. fistulose, slender, firm, glabrous, shining. + +=spilopus=, B. and Br. (= _spodopileus_, Sacc.) P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. +radiately rugulose, brownish or dark fawn; g. pale salmon; s. 3-4 cm. +equal, whitish or tinged fawn, with scattered black points, solid; sp. +subgl. 7-8. + +=semibulbosus=, Lasch. White. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. obtuse, atomately +mealy, sulcate; g. pale flesh-colour; s. 1.5-2 cm. pubescent, base +swollen; sp. ----. + +[=candidus=, Pat. Small. P. convex, even, white, silky; g. rosy; s. +white, downy, base thickened. + + *** _Pileus naked, glabrous._ + +=roseoalbus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, rosy, edge naked; g. +rather distant, flesh-colour; s. 4-6 cm. solid, attenuated, whitish or +tinged red, with white meal; sp. rough, subgl. 5-6. + +=leoninus=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. glabrous, naked, +yellow, or tinged tawny; g. yellowish flesh-colour; s. 4-7 cm. solid, +glabrous, striate, whitish; sp. ----. + +var. _coccineus_, Cke. P. crimson-orange or vermilion. + +[=luteomarginatus=, Roll. P. obtuse, umb. campan. deformed then exp. +yellow, but at same time covered with sooty down, striato-virgate; g. +crowded, rosy, edge golden-yellow; s. silky, yellow with rosy fibrils; +sp. 7.5 × 6. + +=chrysophaeus=, Schaeff. P. 3-4 cm. campan. exp. naked, glabrous, +virgate, cinnamon, edge striate; g. white then flesh-colour; s. +imperfectly hollow, glabrous, whitish or yellowish; sp. ----. + +=phlebophorus=, Ditm. P. 3-5 cm. convex then exp. rugosely veined, +umber, edge even, naked; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. +subincurved, glabrous, shining, whitish; sp. ----. + +var. _marginatus_, Q. P. rugose, granulate, clear brown; g. with sooty +crenulate edge; s. pellucid, white; sp. glob. 8. + +[=Godeyi=, Gill. P. campan. then exp. umb. very glabrous, rugulose, +striate, livid grey sometimes tinged green, rather viscid; g. broad, +joined by veins; s. white or tinged grey. + +[=aurantio-rugosus=, Trog. P. campan. then conico-exp. areolately +wrinkled, reddish yellow, disc almost vermilion; g. crowded, serrulate, +broad; s. yellowish, thickened below and tinged red, brown-fibrillose; +sp. globose. + +[=cyanopus=, Q. P. rugosely granular, pruinose, umber-bay; g. remote +from s., white then glaucous; s. silky, blue, base cottony, white; sp. 6 +diam. + +=umbrinellus=, Sommerf. P. convex, exp. even, edge fimbriate; g. white +then flesh-colour; s. fistulose, rooting, tough, glabrous, shining. + +[=tenuiculus=, Q. P. rather small, subglobose, striate, umber; g. +semiorbicular; s. slender, pruinose, white; sp. glob. 10. + + +ENTOLOMA, Fr. + + I. GENUINI. _Pileus glabrous, moist or viscid._ + +=sinuatum=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. compact, exp. and depr. wavy, even, +yellowish white; g. very broad, crowded; s. 7-12 cm. solid, fibrillose, +white; sp. rough, 8-9. Poisonous. + +=lividum=, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. exp. dry, even, longitudinally fibrillose, +livid tan; g. broad; s. 5-7 cm. white, glabrous, apex pruinose; sp. +subgl. rough, 8-10. + +var. _roseus_, Cke. P. whitish ochre, disc rosy. + +=prunuloides=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. glabrous, +rather viscid, yellowish or livid then pale; g. emarginato-free, +ventricose; s. 6-8 cm. solid, unequal, white; sp. subgl. rough, 8-10. + +=porphyrophaeum=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. campan. then exp. umb. and wavy, smoky +fuscous then pale; g. truncate behind, almost free; s. 5-7 cm. solid, +narrowed from the thickened base, fibrous, naked, smoky purple; sp. +rough, 8-10. + +Differs from _E. jubatum_ in glabrous p. and hollow s. + +=repandum=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conical then exp. umb. pale ochre striate +or spotted with darker colour, edge incurved, lobed; g. broadest in +front; s. 3-5 cm. solid, silky, white; sp. globose, rough, 8. (11 × 6 +Sacc.) + +=erophilum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, dry, pale grey, virgate or venosely +striate; g. rounded-adnate, broad; s. solid, short, pruinose; sp. 8 × 6. + +Often growing in large circles. + +[=holophaeum=, Bres. and Schulz. (_Ag. plebejoides_, Schulz.) Entirely +umber outside and inside, pileus and base of stem darkest; g. at length +greyish; sp. r. 8-10. + +[=pyreniacum=, Q. P. umb. silky-virgate, silvery grey; g. greyish; s. +white, fibrillosely striate; sp. rough, 12 long. + +=placenta=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. plane, even, regular, livid +purplish; g. crowded, thickish; s. 4-7 cm. solid, fibrously striate, +brown; sp. glob. 8. + +=helodes=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. plane, subumb. livid purplish or smoky, +often spotted; g. attenuato-adnate, white then rosy; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, +pallid, fibrillose, base somewhat thickened; sp. globose, rough, 10. + +[=quisquilaris=, Karst. P. convex exp. subumb. slightly pruinose, +reddish or reddish-bay, disc darker, edge incurved, even; g. crowded; s. +subequal, reddish then blackish-bay; sp. 7-10 × 4-5. + +[=fuliginarium=, Karst. P. convex then subdepr. glabrous, edge incurved +at first, pellucidly striate, pitch-black then livid; g. adnate, +crowded, oblong, pallid; s. paler than p., apex white pruinose; sp. +----. + +=bulbigenum=, B. and Br. (= _E. Persoonianum_, Phil. and Plow.) P. 2-3 +cm. campan. or hemispher. obtuse, slightly tomentosely scaly, white; g. +adnexed; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose, whitish, hollow, base somewhat bulbous; +sp. rough, 13-15. + +=Batschianum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. umb.-convex then plane and depr. even, +viscid, blackish; g. grey; s. 5-7 cm. tough, adpressedly fibrillose, +grey, base narrowed; sp. subgl. rough, 7-9. + +[=cudon=, Fr. P. tough and cartilaginous, conical, acute, blackish +umber, edge incurved; g. crowded, smoky purple; s. short; glabrous, +pallid. + +=Bloxami=, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, dingy blue, purple, or +slate-colour, edge inclined to be lobed; g. pale rose; s. 3-4 cm. solid, +colour of p.; sp. globose, rough, 9-10. + +=ardosiacum=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, deep blue with +brown tinge, then greyish; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, blue, base white; +sp. subgl. rough, 9-10. + +[=nitidum=, Q. (= _E. ardosiacum_, Fr. Ic. t. 94, f. 4, not of Bull.) P. +campan. silky-shining, dusky bluish-violet, edge lilac, flesh white; g. +free, broad, white then flesh-colour; s. slender, often twisted, +shining, colour of p.; sp. rough, 8. + +=madidum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, viscid, +blackish-violet, sooty when old; g. greyish white; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, +violet, thickened base white; sp. rough, 8. + +=liquescens=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. exp. broadly umb. ochre, disc darker; g. +free, white then dingy lilac; s. 5-8 cm. white, hollow; sp. subgl. +rough, 7-8. + +Gills deliquesce when mature. + +[=excentricum=, Bres. P. campan. exp. mammilate, glabrous, tinged tan; +g. emarginate; s. cylindrical, colour of p. apex scurfy, always +excentric; sp. rough, 10-18. + +[=viridans=, Fr. P. conical then exp. viscid, umb. olive-green; g. +nearly free, crowded; s. hollow, glabrous. + +[=rubellum=, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid, reddish; g. crenulate, +rosy; s. hollow, slightly downy, white; sp. 11 × 6. + +=ameides=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. campan. often irreg. flocculent, soon +glabrous and silky, pale reddish-grey; g. deeply rounded behind, +rugulose; s. 3 cm. whitish; sp. subgl. rough, 10. + + II. LEPTONIDEI. _Pileus flocculose, somewhat scaly, absolutely dry, + not hygr._ + +=Saundersii=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. campan. exp. wavy and lobed, adpressedly +tomentose, white, tinged brown when old; g. broad, distant; s. 8-12 cm. +solid, equal, white; sp. ----. + +=fertilé=, B. P. 9-14 cm. convex then plane, dry, pulverulently scaly, +pallid reddish or reddish ochre; g. rounded behind; s. 9-12 cm. equal, +base thickened, whitish, fibrilloso-squamulose, solid; sp. ----. + +[=Rozei=, Q. P. umb. grey, silky shining, edge lilac; s. slender, +fibrillose, white; sp. rough. + +=jubatum=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan. exp. umb. downy-squamose or +fibrillose, mouse-colour; g. crowded, smoky; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, equal, +fibrillose, fuscous; sp. rough, 10-11 × 6. + +Differs from _E. porphyrophaeum_ in squamulose p. and hollow s. + +[=scabiosum=, Fr. P. campan. then plane, obtusely umb. sooty, rough with +crowded, erect papillose scales; g. free, greyish-white; s. hollow, +fibrillose, sooty; sp. rough, 10-12. + +=resutum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, fuscous, disc darkest, +adpressedly scaly or fibrillose; g. ventricose, greyish; s. 4-7 cm. +somewhat stuffed, glabrous, grey; sp. rough, 8-9 × 6. + +=griseocyaneum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, floccosely +scaly, grey tinged lilac; g. white then flesh-colour; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, +floccosely fibrillose, pallid then blue; sp. rough, 8-10. + +Resembling _Leptonia_, but soft not cartilaginous. + +=dichroum=, Pers. P. camp. exp. umb. squamulosely fibrillose, violet +then livid mouse-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed; s. blue, fibrillosely +mealy; sp. reddish fuscous, rough, 10-12 × 5-8. + +=sericellum=, Fr. Shining white. P. 1.5-3 cm. exp. depr. silky; g. +adnate, then seceding; s. 3-4 cm. fibrillose then polished; sp. subgl. +rough, 10. + +Differs from _E. speculum_ in smaller size and silky p. + +var. _sublutescens_, Fr. P. more regular, convex, even, yellowish; g. +almost adnate; s. fistulose. + +var. _lutescens_, Henn. P. campan. more or less exp. at first white and +silky-floccose, then glabrous and dingy yellow; s. white then yellowish; +sp. rough, 8. + +=Cookei=, C. Rich. (= _Pluteus phlebophorus_, var. _reticulatus_, Cke.) +P. convex then exp. reddish orange or pale brick-red, covered with +raised veins forming a network; g. adnexed; s. 2-3 cm. solid; sp. +globose, rough, 8. + +=Thomsoni=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. grey, with a network of +raised ribs; g. slightly adnexed; s. 3-4 cm. paler than p.; sp. 6 × 3.5. + +[=subrubens=, Karst. P. conico-exp. umb. adpressedly squamulose or +fibrillose, glabrous, mouse-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed, edge crenate; s. +hollow, scurfy then glabrous, paler than p. reddish; sp. rough, 9-12 × +7-8. + +[=indutum=, Boud. Small, entirely grey. P. campan. then exp. umb. +coarsely fibrillose; g. broad, uncinate, powdered with the rosy spores; +s. slender, fibrillose. + +=tortipes=, Mass. P. 6-7 cm. convex then exp. umb. often depressed, dark +brown then tan and shining; g. broadly adnate; s. 4-5 cm. +silky-fibrillose, flexuous, white tinged tan; sp. 5 × 3. + +Differs from _E. clypeatum_ in elliptical sp. + + III. NOLANIDEI. _Pileus thin, hygr. rather silky when dry. Often + wavy and deformed._ + +=clypeatum=, L. P. 5-7 cm. campan. then exp. umb. lurid then greyish; g. +serrulate; s. 7-9 cm. stuffed, attenuated, fibrillose, pallid; sp. +subgl. rough, 9-10. + +=nigrocinnamomeum=, Kalchbr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then exp. depressed round +the umbo, blackish umber, even, glabrous; g. reddish cinnamon; s. 4-6 +cm. hollow, somewhat twisted, fibrillose, greyish fuscous; sp. subgl. +rough, 8 × 9. + +Differs from _E. clypeatum_ in hollow stem and entire edge of gills. + +=rhodopolium=, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. campan. then exp. gibbous then subdepr. +edge wavy at first incurved, brown or livid then pale and silky shining; +g. adnate then sinuate; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, glabrous, shining white; sp. +rough, 8-10 × 6-8. + +[=pluteoides=, Fr. P. splitting, convex, exp. obtuse, greyish white when +moist, dingy yellowish when dry; g. emarginato-adnexed, crowded; s. +hollow, rigid, cuticle fibrillose, white, usually rooting. + +[=elaphinum=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, bright fawn when moist, +pallid fuscous when dry, edge striate; g. somewhat truncate behind, very +broad; s. hollow, naked, livid; sp. rough, 10 × 6. + +[=turbidum=, Fr. P. campan. convex, umb. margin at first straight and +adpressed to stem, then split into striae, somewhat fuscous, grey when +dry; g. crowded, greyish white; s. hollow, inflato-clavate, glabrous, +even, silvery shining; sp. 8-11 × 7-8. + +=majale=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-convex, umb. edge spreading, wavy, +cinnamon, yellowish when dry; g. crenate; s. 7-9 cm. twisted, striate, +whitish, base with white down; sp. rough, 10-14 × 7-10. + +=Wynnei=, B. and Br. Smell unpleasant. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. +subumb. often wavy, smoky grey, velvety then squamulose; g. broad, +transversely ribbed; s. 3-5 cm. smoky blue, base downy, white; sp. +rough, 10-11 × 7-8. + +Smell resembling that of bugs. + +=costatum=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. bullate then plane, subumbil. wavy, glabrous, +livid, fuscous then shining; g. nearly free, entire, transversely +ribbed, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. deformed, substriate, grey, apex with white +squamules; sp. rough, 12-14 × 8-11. + +[=Cordae=, Karst. Differs from _E. costatum_ in blackish umbilicate p.; +smaller sp. rough, 5-6. Other points identical. + +=sericeum=, Fr. Smell strong, like meal. P. 2-3 cm. exp. greyish fawn +when moist, livid and silky shining when dry; g. grey, emarginate; s. +2-3 cm. fistulose, fibrillose, paler than p.; sp. globose, rough, 7-8. + +Differs from _Nolanea pascua_ in mealy smell, and broad distant gills +cut out behind. + +[=mimicum=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, then exp. glabrous, fuscescent; +g. adnate, whitish then dingy; s. hollow, equal, cartilaginous, +glabrous, livid; sp. 9-12. + +[=venosum=, Gill. Smell strong of meal. P. thin, convex, subumb. +brownish, silky and shining when dry; g. free, broad, transversely +veined, reddish-grey; s. fragile, fibrillose, rather squamulose at apex. + +Differs from _E. sericeum_ in free g. + +[=praecox=, Karst. P. fragile, conico-convex, at length umb. glabrous, +silky-shining; g. ventricose, crowded, dingy then flesh-colour; s. +fistulose, equal, compr. glabrous, striate, pallid; sp. 7-10. + +=nidorosum=, Fr. Smell alkaline. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. and +subdepr. greyish fawn, livid and with a silky sheen when dry; g. broad, +wavy; s. 4-7 cm. stuffed, equal, glabrous, pallid, apex with white meal; +sp. rough, 8-10 × 7-8. + +Smell sometimes very faint. + +=speculum=, Fr. Whitish. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. very glabrous, shining +when dry, edge incurved, wavy; g. emarginate, broad; s. equal, very +fragile, striate; sp. subgl. rough, 12. (12-14 × 7-8 Sacc.) + + +NOLANEA, Fr. + + * _Gills grey or somewhat fuscous. Pileus dusky, hygr._ + +=pascua=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. conico-exp. subumb. striate, livid bistre, +paler and shining when dry; g. crowded, narrowed behind, greyish; s. 3-5 +cm. silky-fibrous, striate, pale; sp. rough, 9-10. + +var. _umbonata_, Q. P. acute, umb. bay; s. fibrilloso-striate, silvery. + +[=proletaria=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, somewhat umber, disc darker, +villose; g. sooty grey; s. fibrous, very fragile, grey; sp. rough, 10-12 +× 6. + +[=versatilis=, Fr. P. convex then flattened, glabrous, shining, livid +aerugineous; g. grey; s. greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry. + +[=limosa=, Fr. Smell strong of meal. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, sooty, +hoary-silky when dry; g. adnate, grey; s. polished, base inflated, +glabrous. + +=Babingtonii=, Blox. P. 1-1.5 cm. conico-campan. pale grey, silky, with +fasciculate fibrils, disc squamulose; g. adnate, grey; s. 2-3 cm. +hollow, rather wavy, strigose and covered with brown down; sp. rough, +7-8. + +=mammosa=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-campan. papillate, striate, +glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry; g. grey; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, polished, +apex with white meal; sp. rough, 7-8 × 5-6. + +[=papillata=, Bres. P. subcampan. exp. papillate, striate, fuscous-bay +then paler; g. sinuato-adnate; s. shining, glabrous, base with white +down; sp. 5-7-angled, 10-11 × 6-7. + +[=Bresadolae=, Mass. (= _N. clandestina_, Bres.). P. campan. exp. umb. +or papillate, glabrous, shining, striate, umber-bay or almost black then +rufescent; g. thick, umber then fuscous-purple; s. polished, +blackish-bay, subequal; sp. 5-6-angled, 9-10 × 7. + +[=clandestina=, Fr. Umber. P. hemispher. umb. slightly striate, +glabrous, silky when dry; g. very distant, thick, umber then purplish; +s. short, naked. + +[=bryophila=, Boud. and Roze. P. conico-campan. striate, apiculate, pale +rufous brown, apex blackish; g. nearly free; s. cartilaginous, +semipellucid, equal. + +=juncea=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical then exp. radiately striate, sooty +umber, disc subumbil. subsquamulose; g. obovate, grey then brownish +purple; s. 4-6 cm. slender, fuscous; sp. rough, 10-12. + +[=fumosella=, Wint. (= _A. fumosus_, Rab.). P. subconic, then subexp. +umbil. subpellucid virgate, reddish grey, sometimes white-floccose, +silky shining when dry; g. adnexed, subtriangular, closely crowded, grey +then brownish; s. colour of p., base albo-floccose, rooting, slightly +viscid. + +=fulvostrigosa=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. subumb. rugulose, +ochre with olive tinge; g. adnexed; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, mealy-squamulose, +base densely strigose with reddish fibrils; sp. rough, 10 × 6; cystidia +conical. + + ** _Gills yellowish or reddish._ + +=nigripes=, Trog. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. +obtuse, even, fuscous with paler flecks; g. yellowish pink; s. 7-10 cm. +twisted, glabrous, black; sp. ----. + +=pisciodora=, Ces. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. +obsoletely umb. tawny cinnamon, soft like velvet; g. adnexed; s. 5-7 cm. +chestnut then blackish, apex paler, rather velvety; sp. ----. + +=rufocarnea=, B. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. umbil. reddish brown slightly +fibrillose; g. ventricose, veined, salmon; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, pale +reddish brown, apex paler; sp. 9-10 × 6. + +[=vinacea=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, slightly striate, rufescent; +g. distant; s. even, glabrous, yellow. + +var. _squamulosa_, Karst. P. campan. subumbil. coarsely striate, scurfy; +g. edge floccosely crenulate, golden; s. glabrous, yellowish; sp. rough, +10-12 × 7-8. + +[=cetrata=, Fr. P. camp. then exp. glabrous, furcato-sulcate, yellow; g. +pallid yellow; s. fragile, glabrous, yellow; sp. rough, 10-12 × 10. + +[=cuneata=, Bres. P. conico-cuspidate, glabrous, striate, lurid yellow, +cusp yellowish, g. pale yellow then brownish flesh-colour; s. yellowish, +apex with white scurf, base with contorted fibres; sp. angular, 10-12 × +7-8. + +[=carneovirens=, Jungh. P. campan. deeply striate, greenish yellow; g. +free, broad; s. solid, glabrous, dusky aerugineous; sp. 11-12 × 7-8. + +=icterina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, striate, papillate, yellowish +green, hygr.; g. distant, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. rigid, floccosely +mealy, colour of p. or brownish; sp. rough, 11-12 × 8. + +=subglobosa=, A. and S. P. 2 cm. hemispher. even, viscid, yellowish; g. +nearly free, rhomboid; s. 3-4 cm. striate, pale; sp. 9 × 7. + +[=hesperidium=, Brig. P. broadly campan. even, waxy yellow, disc darker; +g. free, crowded; white then greyish violet, edge at length blackish; s. +even, shining white. + +[=pleopodia=, Bull. P. campan. then exp. and edge upraised, even, +yellowish; g. narrowed behind, dingy flesh-colour; s. equal, yellowish +white, apex pruinose; sp. 10-12 × 4. + + *** _Gills white then rosy. Hygroph._ + +=picea=, Kalchbr. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conical then +campan. papillate, even, glabrous, pitch brown then umber; g. +emarginate; s. 3-5 cm. slightly pruinose, colour of p.; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +Differs from _N. pisciodora_ in colour of gills and p. + +[=hirtipes=, Fl. Dan. P. conico-campan. fuscous; g. free, obovate, rosy; +s. slender, glabrous, colour of p. hirsute below; sp. rough, 7-9. + +=infula=, Fr. Very tough. P. 2 cm. conical then exp. papillate, shining, +dark grey then pale; g. narrow, closely crowded, pure white then rosy; +s. 4-5 cm. rigid, glabrous, naked, fuscous; sp. ----. + +var. _versiformis_, Fr. P. convex then depr. or even infundib. but +persistently papillate. + +[=viridifluens=, Lasch. P. campan. subumbil. dry, fibrous, fuscous +olive; g. adnate, broad; s. greenish-yellow. + +Exuding a green juice when broken. + +[=staurospora=, Bres. P. conico-campan. hygr. brownish umber, margin +striate; g. subadnexed, white then flesh-colour; s. livid, +fibrilloso-striate, often twisted, tall, albo-floccose at base; sp. +almost quadrangular-stellate, 10-12. + +Differs from _N. hirtipes_ in larger size, fibrillose stem, downy, not +strigose at base. + + **** _Gills whitish. Not hygr._ + +=verecunda=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, disc rather fleshy, +subumb. watery reddish, striate towards edge, flocculose; g. adnate; s. +3-4 cm. pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10-12 × 5-8. + +=coelestina=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. obtuse, blue, disc darker, +scabrid; g. adnate, very broad; s. 2-3 cm. blackish blue, apex pruinose; +sp. glob. 10. + +[=cruentata=, Q. P. campan. mammilate, edge exp. pruinose, bluish-lilac; +g. broad; s. slender, glaucous or bluish, rufescent when touched; sp. +rough, 10. + +=exilis=, Fr. P. 2 cm. conico-exp. striate, livid grey, apex darker and +papillate; g. adnexed; s. 4-6 cm. filiform, bluish green, apex naked; +sp. ----. + +[=Kretzschmarii=, Rab. P. ovate then exp. reddish then greyish white, +umbo rather fleshy, pellucidly striate at edge; g. decur.; s. yellowish +brown, base floccosely rooting. + +=rubida=, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. convex then exp. umbil. whitish grey then +rufescent, minutely silky; g. adnate, slightly decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; +sp. 4-5 × 3. + +[=cocles=, Fr. Small. P. at first cucullate, furcato-sulcate, disc +umbil., umber, scabrid, becoming exp.; g. adnate, broad, distant; s. +glabrous, livid. + +[=monachella=, Q. P. campan. apiculate, striate, diaphanous, white, +centre spotted sooty; g. adnate, uncinate; s. bulbillose, white, +hyaline; sp. rough, 10-12 × 6-8. + +[=minuta=, Karst. P. convex, sometimes subumbil. striate up to +umbilicus, glabrous, pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining; g. +adnate, pallid; s. pallid fuscous, glabrous; sp. rough, 7-9. + + +LEPTONIA, Fr. + + * _Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate, not hygr._ + +[=Linkii=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, fibrillosely virgate, sooty black then +grey, disc darker; g. white then flesh-colour, edge black; s. glabrous, +smoky, base incurved; sp. 10 long. + +[=Forquignoni=, Q. P. umbil. wavy, rugulosely striate, granulated, +olive, diaphanous; g. eroded, hoary; s. slightly striate, silky; sp. +rough, 11 long. + +=placida=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, grey or bluish, downy disc +darker, fibrillosely scaly; g. adnexed, broad, entirely whitish; s. 4-7 +cm. blackish-blue, apex with white bloom and very minutely spotted +black; sp. ----. + +Differs from _L. lappula_ in p. not being umbil. + +=anatina=, Lasch. P. 3-4 cm. campan. indistinctly umb. greyish brown, +longitudinally fibrillosely squamulose; g. adnexed, broad; s. 3-4 cm. +bluish, pruinose then fibrillosely squamulose, apex even (not spotted +black); sp. 8 × 5. (10-12 × 7-8 Sacc.) + +Differs from _L. placida_ and _L. lappula_ in not having black points at +apex of stem. + +=lappula=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. grey, even, the darker umbilicus +with erect fibrils, giving a muricellato-punctate appearance; g. broad, +crowded; s. 4-5 cm. brownish-lilac or blackish-purple, apex naked and +with black points; sp. ----. + +=lampropoda=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then exp. or subdepr. flocculose +then squamulose, sooty grey then paler; g. adnate, ventricose; s. 3-4 +cm. even, firm bluish violet, apex not black spotted; sp. rough, 10-11 × +6-7. + +Differs from _L. asprella_ in even p. not being umbilicate. + +var. _cyanulus_, Lasch. Slender. P. subumbil. floccosely villose, +blackish blue; s. capillary. + +=aethiops=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. plano-depr. even, shining, black then +smoky, glabrous but innately fibrillosely virgate; g. adnate, entirely +whitish; s. 3-5 cm. blackish brown, black punctate upwards; sp. rough, +10 × 7. + +Differs from _L. lampropoda_ in black punctate s. + +=solstitialis=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length depr. papillate, +rugulose, obsoletely innately fibrillose, fuscous; g. emarginate, broad; +2-3 cm. smoky, glabrous; sp. rough, 12-14 × 7. + +[=camelina=, Lasch. P. obtuse, pallid rufous; g. arcuate, crowded; s. +stuffed, fibrillose, base curved. + +[=Turci=, Bres. P. convex, umbil. then exp. brown-umber then tan, +densely downy then squamulose; g. broad; s. hollow, compr. livid +cinnamon; flesh white, rosy when broken; sp. angular, 11-12 × 7-8. + + ** _Gills at first bluish or grey._ + +=serrulata=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. exp. umbil. rather scaly, +blackish blue; g. broad, edge black-serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. paler than p. +with black points above; sp. rough, 12-14 × 6-8. + +=euchroa=, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, fibrillosely +scaly, violet; g. violet, edge darker, entire; s. 2-3 cm. violet, not +black punctate; sp. rough, 10 × 7-8. + +Differs from _L. chalybea_ and _L. lazulina_ by growing on wood. + +=chalybea=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. convex, subumb. not striate, flocculose +then squamulose, dark violet; g. greyish-white, edge rather paler; s. +3-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 × 6. + +Differs from _L. lazulina_ by p. not being striate. + +=lazulina=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. striate, at first glabrous then +cracked into squamules, sooty black; g. adnate, equally narrowed from +stem to edge of p. pallid grey; s. 4-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 × +6. + +[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. subglobose then exp. umbil. and depr. umber, +minutely squamulose; g. pale violet; s. bright blue, base bulbous with +white down; sp. rough, 8-10. + +[=Bizzozeriana=, Sacc. P. umb. exp. dusky grey with dark scurf; g. dusky +vinous-purple; s. dusky purple; sp. 7 × 3. + +[=Gorteri=, Weinm. P. convex, obtuse, velvety-squamulose, grey then +pale, edge white-fimbriate; g. fuscous purple, shining; s. purple +violet. + + *** _Gills fuscous- or dusky-purple._ + +[=calimorpha=, Weinm. P. conico-convex, umb. densely squamulose, sooty +or black; g. nearly free, ventricose, with a purple sheen, edge black; +s. blackish-purple. + +[=aquila=, Fr. P. exp. deeply umbil. bay; g. sinuato-adnexed, very +broad; s. stuffed, fuscous, thickened upwards. + +[=pyrenaica=, Pat. and Doas. P. convexo-plane, 4-5 mm. slightly umb. +edge incurved, reddish brown; g. pale red, adnate with a tooth; s. +solid, curved, colour of p.; sp. 5-6. + + **** _Gills pallid. Pileus yellow or greenish then pale._ + +=incana=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, somewhat virgate, +brownish green; g. adnate with decur. tooth, greenish white; s. 3-5 cm. +shining, brownish green; sp. rough, 8-9. + +[=euchlora=, Lasch. P. campan. convex, not striate, yellow-green with +brown fibrils, darker disc impressed; g. adnate; s. squamulosely +fibrillose, greenish-yellow, base aerugineo-tomentose; sp. 10-14 × 6-8. + +=formosa=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumbil. slightly striate, yellow +wax-colour with brown adpressed fibrils and scattered squamules; g. +adnate, pallid yellow; s. 4-5 cm. striate, shining, yellow; sp. 10-12 × +8. + +var. _suavis_, Lasch. S. becoming bluish. + +=chloropolius=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. striate, livid, centre with black +squamules; g. adnate, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. even, bluish-green; sp. rough, +7-8 × 5. (12-14 × 6-8 Sacc.) + +[=pallens=, Karst. P. convex exp. disc slightly depr. glabrous, livid, +pale and shining when dry; g. adnate, seceding; s. pallid, glabrous; sp. +rough, 9-10. + +[=melleo-pallens=, Karst. P. convex, entirely striate, glabrous, +shining, brownish honey-colour then pale; g. soon free, edge darker; s. +colour of p. base with white down; sp. rough, 13-15 × 10-11. + + ***** _Gills grey or glaucous. Pileus hygr. substriate._ + +=asprella=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. glabrous or fibrillose, striate, +umbilicus downy then squamulose, sooty then livid grey; g. adnate, +equally narrowed to the edge; s. 3-4 cm. slender, even, glabrous, livid, +tinged green or blue; sp. 10-12 × 6-8. + +[=scabrosa=, Fr. P. exp. umbilic. from the first, not striate, +squamulose, sooty-brown, then grey, hygr.; g. adnate, segmentoid, grey; +s. even, apex with black points and white meal. + +=nefrens=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. then infundib. hygr. rather wavy, livid +sooty, depression darkest, pale when dry; g. broad, edge blackish, +entire; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, livid fuscous; sp. 4-5 × 3. + +Differs from _L. serrulata_ in entire edge of g. and absence of black +points at apex of s. + +[=sarcita=, Fr. Fragile. P. exp. radiato-striate, uniform, hygr. torn +into fibrillose scales, smoky, hoary when dry; g. linear, thick, +distant, glaucous; s. short, glabrous; sp. 10-12 × 8. + + ****** _Gills white._ + +[=Kervernii=, Guern. P. fleshy-ochre or buff-yellow, dotted with flecks; +g. free, ventricose; s. slightly squamulose, shining white, often compr. +base cottony. + +[=Queletii=, Boud. P. white with scattered rosy-amethyst flecks; g. +white then rosy; s. white then yellowish; sp. rough, 14. + +[=sericella=, Bull. Shining white. P. silky; g. flesh-colour; s. +slender, fibrillose. + +[=Gillotii=, Q. Diaphanous, becoming hyaline white. P. striate, umbil. +tinged olive; s. fistulose, silky, base white-downy; sp. rough, 9. + +[=parasitica=, Q. Pruinose, shining white. P. orbicular; g. sinuate, +white then rosy; s. arcuate, apex dilated. + +[=aemulans=, Karst. P. convex, umbil. innately squamulose, grey, opaque; +g. adnate, broad, smoky; s. glabrous, dusky livid, base whitish. + +Resembles _Clitopilus vilis_. + + +CLITOPILUS, Fr. + + I. ORCELLI. _Gills deeply decur. Pileus irreg. subexcentric, wavy, + scarcely hygr. edge at first flocculose._ + +=prunulus=, Scop. Smell like new meal. P. 5-9 cm. compact, convex and +regular then wavy, dry, pruinose, greyish white; g. rather distant; s. +2-3 cm. ventricose, naked, striate, white; sp. 7-8 × 5. Edible. + +=orcella=, Bull. Smell like new meal. P. 5-7 cm. soft, plano-depr. +irreg. from first, silky, rather viscid when moist, yellowish-white; g. +crowded; s. 2 cm. flocculose, thickened upwards; sp. 7 × 4. + +=mundulus=, Lasch. P. 3-5 cm. plano-depr. unequal, dry, white; g. +closely crowded, narrow; s. 2-3 cm. floccosely villose, white, becoming +blackish inside; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=pseudoorcella=, Fr. P. exp. depr. even, somewhat fuscous, but silkily +hoary; g. broad, distant, greyish white; s. solid, short, outside and +inside greyish-brown. + +=popinalis=, Fr. Entirely grey. P. 3-5 cm. flaccid, rather wavy, +glabrous; g. crowded, dark grey; s. 3-4 cm. equal, naked; sp. rough, +4-5. + +=undatus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. deeply umbil. wavy, fragile, sooty grey, pale +and silky opaque; g. dark grey; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, colour of p.; sp. +rough, 6-8. (10-12, Quél.) + +var. _viarum_, Fr. P. often excentric, greyish hoary, shining, with +darker zones. + +[=concentricus=, Gill. P. convex, umbil. edge wavy, greyish or reddish +with brown broken concentric lines; g. reddish grey; s. pale reddish +with abundant white down at base. + +=cancrinus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex-umbil. then exp. unequal, flocculose, +smooth, pale reddish-white; g. decur. distant; s. 2 cm. tough, glabrous, +white; sp. rough, 5-6. + +=cretatus=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. convex then umbil. thin, dead white +but shining, edge incurved; g. very decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; sp. subgl. +4-5. (7 × 3 Phil., 11-12 long, Quél.) + +[=lentulus=, Karst. P. plano-depr. often irreg. rather silky, rather +viscid when moist, whitish; g. decur. closely crowded, narrow, pallid; +s. solid, equal, wavy, flocculose, pallid; sp. rough, 2-4. + + II. SERICELLI. _Pileus regular silky or hygr.-silky, edge involute, + naked. Gills adnate, slightly decur._ + +=carneoalbus=, Wither. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convex then exp. and depr. edge +drooping, white, polished; g. crowded; s. 2-3 cm. equal, solid, white; +sp. rough, 7-8. + +[=angustus=, Pers. P. convexo-plane, subumb. grey, silky-shining when +dry; g. tinged flesh-colour; s. glabrous, white, base incurved, downy; +sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=sarnicus=, Mass. P. 2-3 cm. becoming plane, subumbonate, grey, silky; +g. plane then suddenly decurrent near the stem, reddish; s. 2-3 cm. +flexuous, white, smooth; sp. nodulose, 7-8 × 6. + +[=nidusavis=, Secr. P. plano-umb. floccosely-scurfy, greyish brown, at +length wavy; g. broad, thickish, white then flesh-colour; s. flocculose, +thickened at both ends, base with white down; sp. 8-9 × 6. + +[=hydroionides=, Cesati. Tough, violet then grey. P. convex, obsoletely +umb. hygr.; g. adnato-decur. whitish; s. hollow, short, even. + +=vilis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. slightly striate, grey, +silky-flocculose; g. crowded, white then greyish; s. hollow, +fibrillosely striate, grey; sp. 7-8 × 6. + +[=ionipterus=, Cesati. P. plano-depr. glabrous, violet; g. adnato-decur. +bluish; s. solid, pallid, cracked into fibres outside. + +[=cicatrisatus=, Lasch. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, not striate, +rivuloso-rugulose when adult, fuscous; g. broad, pallid; s. even, base +strigose, rooting. + +[=neglectus=, Lasch. P. convex then umbil. not striate, +floccosely-fibrillose, whitish ochre then pallid; g. adnato-decur.; s. +solid, weak, whitish. + +=straminipes=, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. fragile, whitish, shining, soon exp. and +depr.; g. whitish then rosy; s. 3-5 cm. straw-colour below, mealy above, +hollow; sp. rough, 10-12. + +=stilbocephalus=, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. campan. obtuse, edge straight, +yellowish-white or greyish, sparkling with atoms; g. veined, adnate or +emarginate; s. 4-7 cm. silky-fibrous, white; sp. rough, 12 × 7-8. + +=Smithii=, Mass. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane and orbicular, often wavy, +atomate, white or tinged yellow; g. broadly adnate; s. 4-7 cm. surface +undulated, pallid with a reddish tinge below; sp. glob. 4. + + +ECCILIA, Fr. + +[=polita=, Pers. P. umbil. glabrous, hygr. livid, shining when dry; g. +crowded; s. equal, livid, polished, apex subpruinose. + +[=apiculata=, Fr. P. convex, depr. umb. even, hygr. livid, silky when +dry; g. rather distant, grey; s. equal, glabrous, livid. + +=Parkensis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. deeply umbil. glabrous, fuscous, +striate to middle; g. crowded; s. 2 cm. colour of p. glabrous; sp. +rough, 8-10. + +=carneogrisea=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. finely striate, +greyish pink, edge darker, micaceous; g. subdecur. edge irreg. darker; +s. 2-4 cm. colour of p. white down at base; sp. rough, 7 × 5. + +=griseorubella=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. deeply umbil. then plane, striate, +hygr. umber then hoary; g. slightly decur.; s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, paler +than p.; sp. rough, 9-10. + +[=Mougeotii=, Fr. (= _E. atrides_, Q.). P. umbil. then infundib. +fibrillose then squamulose, greyish lilac, edge blue; g. lilac then +pallid; s. elongated, fibrillose, apex floccose, greyish lilac; sp. 7-8. + +var. _minor_, Sacc. P. convex then umbil. fuscous violet; g. lilac; s. +violet; sp. rough, 9 × 7. + +=atrides=, Lasch. P. plane, deeply umbil. striate, black or brown, black +virgate, then pale; g. pallid, edge with black points; s. pallid with +black points above; sp. ----. + +Fries thinks this may be an abnormal form of _Lept. serrulata_. + +=nigrella=, Pers. Tufted, small. P. smooth, umbil. becoming blackish, +not virgate; g. flesh colour then grey, edge same colour; s. short, +glaucous, not dotted black; sp. ----. + +United by Fries with _E. atrides_, but considered distinct by Berk. and +Broome. + +[=nigellus=, Q. Small, bay then blackish; p. striate, umbil. granulated; +g. decur. narrow, grey; s. short, glabrous, base woolly; sp. rough, 10. + +=atropuncta=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. soft, hemispherical, pale grey; g. +decur. arcuate, rosy-grey; s. 2-4 cm. rather tough, pallid, shining, +with black dot-like squamules; sp. rough, 5-6. + +[=calophylla=, Pers. P. hemispher. umbil. sooty umber; g. decur. +reddish-purple; s. narrowed upwards, rather thick, somewhat viscid, +colour of p., at first purplish, shining. + +=rhodocylix=, Lasch. P. 1-1.5 cm. umbil.-infundib. remotely striate when +moist, somewhat fuscous, flocculose and grey when dry; g. very distant, +broad; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, grey; sp. rough, 10. + +[=rusticoides=, Gill. P. convex, umbil. striate, glabrous, hygr. brown, +paler when dry; g. decur. thick, distant, forked, rufous-brown; s. +slender, colour of p. + +=flosculus=, W. G. Sm. P. 1.5-2 cm. deeply umbil. with crystalline +particles, irreg. black brown, whitish with age; g. decur. rather wavy; +s. 2 cm. reddish; sp. rough. + +Probably introduced. + +=acus=, W. G. Sm. P. 1-1.5 cm. deeply umbil. densely pruinose, white, +edge striate and incurved; g. thick, distant; s. 2-3 cm. smooth, +whitish; sp. rough. + +Probably introduced. + +[=tristis=, Bres. Smell like spirit-of-wine. P. convexo-subcampan. +umbil. edge crisped, striate, moist, glabrous, brown; g. distant, thick, +broad, arcuato-decur. fleshy-brown; colour of p. glabrous; sp. rough, +8-10. + + +CLAUDOPUS, W. G. Sm. + +[=translucens=, D. C. P. subsessile, thin, orbicular, wavy, pellucid, +white tinged reddish; g. free, pallid then reddish lilac; sp. 4-6 long. + +=variabilis=, Pers. P. 1-1.5 cm. resupinate, then reflexed, tomentose, +white, attached by a very short incurved downy stem which disappears +when the pileus turns over; g. radiating from an excentric point, +distant, white then pink; sp. 3 × 2. + +var. _sphaerosporus_, Pat. P. white, tomentose; g. paler than type; sp. +globose, echinulate, tinged red. + +=depluens=, Batsch. P. 1-1.5 cm. more or less convex, edge incurved, +resupinate then reflexed, white or tinged reddish, usually with a very +short downy s.; g. broad, ventricose, grey then tinged rufescent; sp. +glob. rough, 5-6. (9-11 × 6-8 Sacc.) + +Differs from _C. variabilis_ in globose, warted s. + +[=inaequabilis=, Sacc. Entirely rusty, stipitate; p. oblique, almost +glabrous; g. sinuato-free, ventricose; s. very excentric, short, base +dilated, incurved; sp. 8 × 6. + +[=macrosporus=, Pat. and Doas. P. exp. depressed at an excentric point +corresponding to insertion of stem, reddish brown, striate up to +depression; g. broad, distant, reddish; s. short, excentric, enlarged +into a flat plate at base; sp. 15-18 × 12. + +=byssisedus=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. resupinate then horizontal, reniform, +plane, downy, grey then pale; g. adnato-decur. greyish-white, reddish +with the spores; s. incurved, downy, base surrounded with white fibrils; +sp. glob. rough, 6-7. + +Differs from _Pleurotus applicatus_ by presence of s. and pink sp. + +[=Zahlbruckneri=, Beck. P. resupinate then reflexed, sessile, reniform, +shining white, downy; g. radiating, reddish, edge paler, denticulate; +sp. minutely warted, subg. 6-7. + +Differs from _C. variabilis_ in denticulate edge of gills and sp. + +[=Klukii=, Blonski. P. shell-shaped, reniform, downy, greyish-tan; g. +crowded, decur. whitish then bright rosy; s. slightly curved, base white +and downy; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +Allied to _C. byssisedus_ but larger. + +[=Peteauxi=, Q. P. cupulate then reniform, wavy, thin, fragile, minutely +tomentose, shining white; g. free, sinuate, radiating from a central +point which is continued into a very short, white tomentose stem; sp. 7 +long. + + + + +OCHROSPORAE. + + + A. _Gills separating spontaneously, or very easily from flesh of + pileus._ + +=Paxillus=. Margin of pileus persistently involute; gills decurrent or +adnato-decurrent. + + B. _Gills not separating spontaneously, nor easily from flesh of + pileus._ + + * _Stem furnished with a volva, or an interwoven ring, or with + both._ + +=Locellina=. Volva and ring both present. + +=Pholiota=. Ring alone present. + + ** _Volva and ring both absent._ + + + _Stem central._ + +=Pluteolus=. Gills free. + +=Bolbitius=. Pileus membranaceous; gills deliquescent at maturity. + +=Inocybe=. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; pileus fibrillose or scaly; +gills sinuato-adnexed. + +=Hebeloma=. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; pileus glabrous, viscid; +gills sinuato-adnexed. + +=Naucoria=. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus incurved at +first; gills adnexed or adnate. + +=Galera=. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus straight at +first; gills adnexed or adnate, often with a decurrent tooth. + +=Tubaria=. Stem cartilaginous externally; gills broadest behind, +decurrent or adnato-decurrent. + +=Flammula=. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; gills adnate or decurrent. + +=Cortinarius=. Universal veil cobweb-like, not forming an interwoven +ring, often collapsing and forming a ring-like zone on the stem; stem +fleshy, fibrous. + + ++ _Stem excentric or absent._ + +=Crepidotus=. + + +PAXILLUS, Fr. + + A. LEPISTA. _Pileus entire, central._ + +[=sordarius=, Fr. P. convexo-gibbous then plano-depr. dingy white, edge +at length spreading and sulcate; g. adnate, crowded; s. spongy-stuffed, +equal, striate, greyish white; sp. 8 × 6. + +=Alexandri=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. compact, plane then depr. dry, fawn, edge +strongly incurved; g. subdecur. yellowish; s. 1-2 cm. stout; sp. 4-5 × +2-3. + +=lepista=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. plano-depr. dry, dingy white, edge incurved, +even, naked; g. deeply decur. rather branched, crowded, whitish; s. +solid, stout, pallid; sp. 8 × 6. + +Differs from large sp. of _Clitocybe_ by strongly incurved p. and dingy +spores. + +=extenuatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. rigid, campan. exp. naked, glabrous, moist, +brownish tan, edge incurved, downy, even; g. deeply decur. closely +crowded, white then dingy; s. 3-5 cm. solid, base tuberous, rooting; sp. +----. + +=panaeolus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, exp. subdepr. glabrous, moist, white, +edge incurved, thin; g. slightly decur. crowded, narrow, pale rusty; s. +2-3 cm. rufescent, thickened below; sp. subg. 5. + +var. _spilomaeolus_, Fr. P. with drop-like spots; s. slender, yellowish +white; g. pale rusty. + +[=nitens=, Lamb. P. convex, fleshy, glutinous in damp weather, shining +and velvety when dry, yellow-brown, edge incurved, paler; g. free, +sinuate, closely crowded, becoming olive-brown; s. reddish-yellow, base +darker. + +=orcelloides=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-4 cm. thin, exp. snow-white then with +greyish blotches, edge incurved; g. adnato-decur. white then brownish; +s. 2-3 cm. tapering to base, ochre; sp. 8 × 4. + +Differs from _P. panaeolus_ in tapering stem and sp. + +=lividus=, Cke. P. 2-5 cm. convex, disc depr. margin arched and +incurved, dingy white or livid ochre; g. decur. broad, white; s. 6-9 cm. +narrowed downwards, white; sp. glob. 3-3.5, whitish. + +Probably a sp. of _Clitocybe_. + +=revolutus=, Cke. P. 2-3 cm. convex, pale ochre, edge thin, sometimes +tinged lilac, a little upturned; g. deeply decur. pale tan; s. 2-3 cm. +narrowed downwards, paler than p., often tinged violet at base; sp. +glob. 3.5-4. + +Differs from _P. lividus_ in deeply decur. coloured g. + + B. TAPINIA. _Pileus usually excentric or resupinate._ + +=involutus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex then depr. moist, rusty orange, +incurved edge downy, flesh pallid; g. branched, broad, anastomosing +behind, dingy ochre; s. solid, firm, 3-4 cm.; sp. 8-12 × 5-6. + +var. _excentricus_, Fr. P. excentric; s. short, growing on wood. + +=paradoxus=, Cke. P. 2-6 cm. convex then exp. sometimes irreg. densely +tomentose, rufous umber with purple tinge; g. decur. connected by veins, +yellow; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, red and yellow; sp. 20-22 × 7-8. + +=leptopus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. excentric, gibbous then depr. yellow-brown, +torn into downy squamules, flesh yellow; g. simple, very narrow, +yellowish then darker; s. 1-2 cm. solid, base narrowed; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +=atrotomentosus=, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. compact, excentric, gibbous then +plano-infundib. dry, torn into granules, rusty; g. adnate, yellowish; s. +solid, rooting, densely covered with blackish tomentum; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=griseotomentosus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, gibbous, excentric, oblique, +glabrous, tan, becoming rusty when bruised, edge incurved, downy; flesh +watery; g. decur. broad, tan; s. stout, tuberous, velvety with grey +down; sp. 9 long. + +[=chrysophyllus=, Trog. P. campan.-plane, horizontal, cracked into +scales, pale cinnamon; g. decur. broad, white then citrin; s. short, +ascending, pallid. + +=crassus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. oblique, nearly plane and even, becoming +rusty; g. rather distant, cinnamon; s. very short, excentric, ascending; +sp. 15-18 × 7-8. + +Strongly suggests the genus _Flammula_. + +[=ionipus=, Q. P. 5-10 cm. shell-shaped, oboval or oblong, glabrous, +straw-colour with a tinge of olive, narrowed into a short, bulbous, +tomentose, amethyst or lilac stem; flesh soft, citrin; g. decur. +transversely veined, branched, tinged olive then cinnamon; sp. 6-7 long. + +=panuoides=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. shell-shaped, downy then glabrous, sessile +becoming resupinate, dingy yellow; g. decur. crowded, branched, crisped, +yellow; sp. 4-5 × 3-4. + +var. _fagi_, Cke. Gregarious, crisped; g. crisped, orange. + +[=lamellirugis=, D. C. P. 2-5 cm. resupinate, cup-shaped then +shell-shaped, downy, yellow; g. decur. branched, wavy and crisped, +alveolate at the base, saffron then cinnamon; sp. 6 long. + +Perhaps identical with _P. panuoides_. + + +LOCELLINA, Gillet. + +=Alexandri=, Gill. P. convex, umb. viscid, yellowish-tan, appendiculate; +g. adnato-decur. flesh-colour; s. slender, wavy, whitish, with a +fibrillose cinnamon veil, base bulbous, volva torn at free edge. + +=acetabulosa=, Sacc. (= _Acetabularia acetabulosa_, B.). P. 2-3 cm. tan, +edge deeply striate; g. free, brown; s. 4-5 cm. white, hollow, volva +small. + + +PHOLIOTA, Fr. + + A. HUMIGENI. _Terrestrial, not attached to mosses; rarely + caespitose._ + + * _Spores rusty._ + +=aurea=, Matt. P. 8-14 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, somewhat velvety, +pulverulent or obsoletely squamulose, golden tawny; g. adnexed, +ventricose, paler than p.; s. 10-16 cm. stuffed, nearly equal, even; sp. +10 × 5. + +var. _Vahlii_, Schum. P. even, glabrous; g. almost free. + +=caperata=, Pers. P. 6-11 cm. ovate, exp. with incrusted white flecks, +yellow; g. adnate, clay-colour; s. 8-14 cm. white, ring superior, thin, +apex scaly; sp. 12 × 4-5. + +=terrigena=, Fr. (incl. _P. Cookei_, Fr.). P. 3-5 cm. exp. fibrillosely +silky, dingy yellow; g. adnate, pale yellow rusty olive; s. 4-5 cm. +equal, variegated with rusty wart-like scales; veil forming a ring and +appendiculate; sp. 5 × 3. (10 × 4-6.) + +[=Secretani=, Fr. P. convex, exp. yellow with darker deciduous scales, +then glabrous; g. adnate, golden then orange; s. solid, bulbous, +floccosely squamulose below ring. + +=erebia=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, lurid umber then +pale, edge striate; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. pallid, apical ring reflexed +and striate; sp. ----. + +=ombrophila=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, rusty, hygr.; g. ventricose; s. +6-9 cm. hollow, pallid, ring entire, distant; sp. 8 × 3.5. (13-14 × 6-7 +Sacc.) + +var. _brunneola_, Fr. P. obtuse, brown; g. narrow. + +=togularis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. even, pale ochre; g. yellowish; s. 6-9 +cm. apex pale, ring median; sp. 8 × 3.5. + +var. _filaris_, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. obtuse, even, ochre; g. +adnate, ventricose, yellow then pale rusty; s. filiform, wavy, glabrous, +pallid, ring entire, distant. + +Smaller than type, and s. not so yellow. + +=blattaria=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. rusty, hygr. edge striate; g. +rounded and free, ventricose, cinnamon; s. 2-3 cm. equal, straight, +rusty, ring white; sp. 4 × 2. + + ** _Spores rusty-fuscous._ + +=dura=, Bolton. P. 4-5 cm. rather compact, exp. glabrous, at length +cracked into areolae, edge even, tawny then paler; g. adnate; s. 8-12 +cm. hard, pale ochre, apex mealy, ring somewhat torn; sp. 8-9 × 5-6. + +var. _xanthophylla_, Bres. G. sulphur yellow then umber; sp. 12-14 × +7-8. + +=praecox=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. soft, exp. obtuse, even, pallid tan; g. +crowded, white then fuscescent; s. 4-9 cm. cylindrical, downy then +glabrous, ring white; sp. 8-13 × 6-7. + +var. _minor_, Fr. Small; ring torn, appendiculate. + +[=phragmatophylla=, Guern. P. convex, depr. round broad umbo, maroon-bay +then paler; g. narrow, adnato-decur. connected by numerous veins; s. +tinged brown, squamulose, ring persistent, whitish. + +=sphaleromorpha=, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. yellowish, even, soon expanded; g. +rather broad, slightly decur. dry, yellowish then tawny; s. 5-8 cm. +silky, pale, base thickened, ring distant, membranous; sp. 10 × 7. + +[=gibberosa=, Fr. P. exp. dry, tan, umbo darker; g. quite free, closely +crowded; s. slender, equal, white, ring torn. + + B. TRUNCIGENI. _Growing on wood, or epiphytic; often clustered._ + + * _Pileus naked, not scaly but usually rivulose; gills pallid then + rufous or fuscous._ + +=radicosa=, Bull. Smell strong. P. 4-9 cm. equal, obtuse, even, +glabrous, spotted, pale greyish tan; g. free, ventricose; s. 8-14 cm. +solid, rooting, mealy above, squarrosely scaly below ring; sp. 9 × 4.5. + +=pudica=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. even, dry, glabrous, whitish or tinged +tawny; s. 3-5 cm. solid, even, whitish, ring spreading, persistent; sp. +6-7 × 3.5. + +=leochroma=, Cke. P. 3-6 cm. exp. glabrous, tawny; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. +nearly equal, solid, whitish, ring sup. tawny; sp. ----. + +[=radicellata=, Gill. P. ovoid then convex, striate, deep yellow-ochre; +g. numerous, slightly adnexed, colour of p.; s. white, ring fugacious, +long rooting. + +=capistrata=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. edge incurved, slightly striate, pale +dingy yellow, rather viscid; g. subdecur.; s. 6-9 cm. equal, squamulose, +whitish, ring sup. spreading; sp. ----. + +[=cylindracea=, D. C. P. convex-gibbous, even, glabrous, rather viscid, +dingy yellow, disc darker; g. adnexed, crowded, whitish then rusty; s. +equal, rigid, subsquamulose, whitish, ring persistent apical, white; sp. +8 × 5. + +=aegerita=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. rivulose, rugulose, tawny, edge pale; g. +adnate, pallid then fuscous; s. 8-14 cm. equal, silky-white, ring sup. +tumid; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=Brigantii=, Fr. P. convex, white, reticulately sulcate then cracked +into wart-like areolae, polygonal, apex truncate and fuscous; g. with +decur. tooth; s. solid, equal, white with bay scales, ring apical +subobsolete. + +=luxurians=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex-gibbous then exp. unequal, silky then +squamulose, pale then rufo-fuscous; g. decur. greyish flesh-colour then +fuscous; s. 3-5 cm. white then tawny, solid, rigid, floccose, ring +apical, imperfect; sp. 10 × 4. + + ** _Pileus scaly, not hygr., gills becoming discoloured._ + + + _Gills pallid then fuscous, olive, clay-coloured, not pure + rusty._ + +=destruens=, Brig. P. unequal, yellowish white, with paler large woolly +floccose scales when dry; g. striato-decur. crenulate, broad, umber at +last; s. solid, narrowed upwards, white-scaly, base swollen and rooting, +ring fugacious; sp. 8-9 × 5-6. + +Parasitic on living trees. + +=comosa=, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. convex, viscid, tawny with whitish deciduous +scales; g. subdecur. white then brownish tan; s. 7-9 cm. solid, rather +bulbous, white, ring floccose, soon disappearing; sp. 12 × 6. (7.5-8.5 × +5-6 Sacc.) + +[=magna=, Schulz. P. convex-umb. wood-yellow, with broad scattered +adpressed scales; g. sinuate, yellow then umber; s. cylindrical, thick, +squarrosely scaly, yellowish; sp. 8-11 × 4-6. + +=heteroclita=, Fr. P. 6-14 cm. exp. very obtuse, subexcentric, whitish +or yellowish, with scattered scales; g. very broad; s. 6-9 cm. solid, +hard, bulbous, rooting, whitish, fibrillose, veil apical; sp. 8-10 × +5-6. + +[=cerifera=, Karst. P. convex, even, upper stratum thick, +waxy-gelatinous, glabrous, yellow, edge white-squamulose at first; g. +crowded, broad, pallid; s. central, solid, equal, curved, rooting, hard, +white-squamulose, whitish; sp. 8-10 × 6-7. + +=aurivella=, Batsch. P. 7-14 cm. campan. convex, gibbous, tawny yellow, +with darker scales, rather viscid; g. sinuato-adfixed; s. 8-14 cm. +curved, with rusty adpressed squamules, ring rather distant; sp. 5 × +2.5. (8-9 × 4-5 Sacc.) + +var. _filamentosa_, Schaeff. P. thinner, scales adnate, concentric, ring +floccoso-radiate. + +=squarrosa=, Müll. Smell strong. P. 5-9 cm. campan. convex, exp. dry, +rusty saffron, with darker concentric, squarrose, revolute scales; g. +narrow, pallid olive then rusty; s. 6-11 cm. squarrosely scaly up to +ring; sp. 8 × 4. + +var. _Mülleri_, Fr. P. obtuse, pallid, adpressedly scaly, moist; g. +fuscescent. + +var. _reflexa_, Schaeff. P. thin, cuspidately umbonate, scaly; s. partly +hollow, long, equal. + +var. _verruculosa_, Lasch. P. compact, obtuse, yellow, papillate scales +crowded, cinnamon; s. villosely squamulose. + +[=humicola=, Quel. P. campan. convex, pale yellow, spotted; g. yellow; +s. slender, fistulose, yellowish, spotted; sp. 11-12 long. + +Probably a var. of _Pholiota squarrosa_. + +=subsquarrosa=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, viscid, rusty brown with darker +adpressed floccose scales; g. almost free, crowded, yellow then dingy +tan; s. 5-8 cm. rusty yellow, with darker scales up to zone of ring; sp. +----. + +Differs from _P. squarrosa_ in nearly free g. + +[=djakovensis=, Schulz. P. pulvinate-umb. fleshy, edge for a long time +bent down, golden, darker and adpressed scaly at disc, very viscid in +rain; g. crowded, free, tan then purple-brown, edge entire; s. somewhat +rooting, ascending, subbulbous, scaly up to ring, colour of p.; sp. 4-5 +long. + +[=fusca=, Q. P. 5-8 cm. convex, umb. viscid, brown with buff flecks near +the edge; g. pale then lilac, at length brown; s. fibrous-fleshy, +curved, subbulbous, yellowish-white, apex pulverulent, covered with fine +flecks below the floccose annular zone; sp. 13 long. + + ++ _Gills yellow then pure rusty or tawny._ + +=spectabilis=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. compact, exp. dry, bright tawny orange +then paler, broken up into fibrous scales; g. adnato-decur. crowded, +narrow, yellow then rusty; s. 6-9 cm. solid, ventricose, rooting, ring +inf.; sp. 9 × 4. + +A destructive parasite on timber trees. + +[=villosa=, Fr. P. exp. dry, everywhere floccosely villose, yellow +tawny; g. narrow, yellow; s. elongated, stout, fibrillose, base +thickened, yellow, ring narrow, entire. + +=adiposa=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. yellow, glutinous, with darker, +concentric, deciduous scales; g. adnate, broad; s. 7-14 cm. subbulbous, +yellow, with darker glutinous squamules; sp. 7 × 3-4. + +An injurious parasite to beech and ash. + +=lucifera=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. then umb. viscid, yellow with darker +adpr. deciduous scales; g. crenulate, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. equal, rather +squamulose, base rusty, ring inf.; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +[=violacea=, Vogl. P. convex, viscid, violet, disc darkest; g. +arcuato-decur. brownish, edge eroded; s. dark violet, ring distant, +violet. + +=flammans=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. subumb. dry, tawny with superficial +sulphur squamules; g. crowded, entire, yellow; s. 5-7 cm. equal, rather +wavy, squarrosely scaly up to ring; sp. 8 × 4. (4 × 2, Sacc.) + +=Junonia=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, glabrous, yellow or tawny +yellow; g. yellow then tawny; s. 5-9 cm. solid, equal, incurved, scurfy +above entire ring; sp. 7-9 × 4.5-5. + +=tuberculosa=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. exp. dry, tawny yellow, broken up +into adpressed innate squamules; g. broad, serrulate; s. 3-4 cm. +incurved, bulbous, ring deciduous; sp. 7 × 4. + +=curvipoda=, A. and S. P. 3-5 cm. exp. tawny yellow, torn into floccose +adpressed scales; g. adnate, broad; s. 3-5 cm. thin, incurved, +fibrillose, ring floccosely radiating, yellow; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +[=Kolaënsis=, Karst. P. convex-exp. yellow, covered with rusty or +cinnamon indumentum; g. at first yellowish; s. incurved, short, rusty +and fibrillosely scaly below. + +=muricata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, umbil. dry, yellow with tawny +fasciculate flocci forming a muricate or granular covering; g. broad, +yellow; s. thin, squamulose below the fugacious ring. + +[=tersa=, Fr. P. exp. adpressedly squamulose, entirely yellow; g. free; +s. elongated, equal, rusty below. + +[=trichocephala=, Trog. P. campan. exp. obtuse, with shining +straw-coloured hair-like squamules; g. free, distant, white then rusty; +s. solid, base thickened, glabrous. + +=cruentata=, Cke. and Sm. P. 4-5 cm. exp. dry, yellow, breaking up into +darker adpressed scales, edge incurved; g. yellow then tan; s. curved, +colour of p. 3-5 cm. curved, base dark red brown, rooting, ring +superior. Flesh red; sp. ----. + + *** _Gills cinnamon_ (not yellow at first). + +=paxillus=, Fr. Entirely cinnamon. P. 7-12 cm. convexo-gibbous then exp. +even, moist, rather wavy; g. decur. broad; s. 8-14 cm. solid, elongated, +stout, ring narrow, spreading; sp. ----. + +=dissimulans=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. exp. edge involute, often gibbous +or obtusely umb. hygr. slightly viscid, lurid then pale; g. sinuately +adnate; s. 3-4 cm. thickened downwards, white, ring superior; sp. 7 × 4. + +=confragosa=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. hygr. floccosely-scurfy, edge striate, +rufous cinnamon then tawny; g. adnate, closely crowded; s. 4-5 cm. +fistulose, equal, fibrillose below spreading ring; sp. 8 × 4. + +[=sublutea=, Fl. Dan. P. exp. umb. squamulose, moist, edge striate, +yellow; g. decur.; s. stuffed, glabrous, yellow, ring spreading. + +=phalerata=, Fr. P. exp. glabrous but with superficial deciduous pale +scales, yellow; g. adnato-decur.; s. fasciculately pilose, adpressedly +flocculose above distant ring. + +=mutabilis=, Schaeff. P. 2.5-9 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, deep cinnamon +then pale; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 3-9 cm. rigid, squarrosely scaly +up to ring, base dark rusty; sp. 9-11 × 5-6. + +[=gregaria=, Wettst. P. convex then exp. glabrous, edge thin, striate; +sometimes becoming raised, pale fuscous centre darker; g. adnato-decur. +broad, crowded, pallid then cinnamon; s. erect or curved, fistulose, +fibrous, tough, slender, squarrosely squamulose up to spreading rusty +ring, rusty below and pale above ring; sp. 6-8 × 4. + +=marginata=, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. exp. glabrous, hygr. edge striate, +honey-colour then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. not scaly, ring +fugacious, dark base with white velvety down; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +_P. mutabilis_ differs in scaly s. + +=sororia=, Karst. P. convex, exp. slightly striate, squamulose, +tawny-cinnamon; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded; s. equal, wavy, colour of p. +then paler, variegated with white squamules, apex scurfy; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +Close to _Pholiota marginata_. + +=mustelina=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, even, glabrous, dry, +yellow then ochre; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, pallid, +white-mealy above superior ring, base thickened, with white down; sp. +----. + +=unicolor=, Fl. Dan. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, subumb. hygr. bay then +ochre; g. subtriangular; s. 3-4 cm. colour of p., ring slender; sp. 9-10 +× 5. + +[=mellea=, Karst. P. convex exp. even, glabrous, honey-colour; g. +crowded, fuscescent; s. wavy, glabrous, whitish, ring persistent; sp. +8-12 × 6-9. + +Differs from _Pholiota unicolor_ in colour. + + C. MUSCIGENI. _Resembling a Galera with a ring; hygr._ + +=pumila=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. hemispher. even, ochre; g. adnate, crowded, +broad, yellow then pallid; s. 3-4 cm. slender, ring fugacious, forming a +zone; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +[=muscigena=, Q. Honey yellow then pale ochre. P. campan. umb. thin, +striate; g. triquetrous, thin, pale then ochre; s. slender, fistulose, +fibrillose, slightly striate, cottony at the base; ring membranous, +narrow, saffron-ochre; sp. 8-9 long. + +=mycenoides=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-convex, everywhere striate, hygr. +rusty then tawny or pallid; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. rusty, glabrous, ring +white; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +=rufidula=, Kalchbr. P. exp. depr. not striate, rather rufous brick-red +then pale, white-flocculose at edge; g. adnate, branched; s. watery +rufescent, white-fibrillose, ring superior; sp. 8-10 × 4-6. + + +PLUTEOLUS, Fr. + +=reticulatus=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. campan. exp. viscid, reticulated with +raised anastomosing wrinkles, pale violet; g. free, rusty saffron; s. +3-5 cm. fragile, fibrillose; sp. 7 × 4. + +[=dictyotus=, Kalchbr. Entirely pale ochraceous. P. campan. exp. umb. +dry, with anastomosing raised veins; g. free; s. fragile, even, +glabrous. + +Differs from _P. reticulatus_ in colour, and in growing on the ground. + +=aleuriatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then convexo-plane, viscid, +striate, grey, livid, rosy, &c.; g. free, ventricose, saffron-ochre; s. +thin, pulverulent, subincurved, white; sp. ----. + + +BOLBITIUS, Fr. + +=grandiusculus=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2.5-5 cm. thin, campan. exp. slightly +striate, pale yellow, disc rufous; g. free, rusty ochre; s. 6-9 cm. +narrowed upwards, hollow, white; sp. 15 × 5-6. + +=vitellinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. ovate then exp. viscid, egg-yellow, even +then sulcate at the edge; g. adnexed, ochre then tan; s. 6-7 cm. equal, +white, squamulose, hollow; g. 10 × 6. + +Differs from _B. flavidus_ in white stem, and from _B. Boltoni_ in clear +yellow p. not depressed at disc. + +=Boltoni=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. viscid, even, edge becoming sulcate, yellow +then pale, disc darker and subdepr.; g. subadnate, yellow then livid +fuscous; s. 4-5 cm. narrowed upwards, yellowish, at first flocculose; +sp. 14 × 8. + +=flavidus=, Bolton. P. 2-4 cm. glutinous, conical then exp. disc a +little elevated, pale yellow, edge striate; g. almost free, yellow then +brownish; s. 4-6 cm. slightly tapering, yellow; sp. 10 × 6. + +=fragilis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. viscid, pellucid, edge striate, subumb. +yellow then pale; g. yellowish then pale cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. narrowed +upwards, naked, glabrous, yellow; sp. 7 × 3.5. (14-15 × 8-9 Sacc.) + +[=bulbillosus=, Fr. P. convex-campan. exp. not striate, pale yellowish +fuscous; g. free, ventricose, rusty; s. attenuated upwards from a +somewhat marginate bulb, whitish yellow, glabrous; sp. 10-14 × 8. + +=affinis=, Mass. (sp. nov.) P. 1-2 cm. campan. then exp. umb. glabrous, +dry, edge striate, yellowish tawny like the narrow, adnexed g.; s. 4-7 +cm. attenuated upwards from a marginate bulb, white, shining; sp. 8 × 6. + +Differs from _B. bulbillosus_ in the pure white s., and umbonate, +striate, tawny yellow p. which is whitish when dry. + +[=conocephalus=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. conico-campan. fragile, slightly +striate, viscid at the apex, creamy yellow; g. free, ventricose, +becoming ochre; s. slender, elongated, pruinose at the apex, white; sp. +10 long. + +=titubans=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. ovoid-campan. thin, glabrous, diaphanous, +yellow, becoming striate, plaited and greyish at the edge; g. free, +yellow then reddish or ochre; s. hollow, slender, very fragile, 3-5 cm. +mealy, white, shining; sp. 12-14 × 8. + +=apicalis=, W. G. Sm. P. 2-3 cm. high, conical, not exp. striate and +brown up to ochre disc; g. free, rusty; s. 3 cm. base thickened, +striate, white; sp. 9 × 6-7. + +=rivulosus=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. striate, rivulose, dingy tan; +g. cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. narrowed upwards, smooth, white; sp. 10-12 × +6-7. + +=niveus=, Mass. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtusely umb. smooth, rather viscid, +edge striate, pure white; g. free, salmon-colour; s. 7-9 cm. +clavato-bulbous and gradually narrowed upwards; sp. salmon-colour, 18 × +9-10. + +=tener=, Berk. P. 1-2 cm. long, not exp. even, smooth, moist, +yellowish-white; g. nearly free, salmon-colour; s. 3-6 cm. +clavato-bulbous, white; sp. salmon-colour, 15-16 × 8-10. + +=luteolus=, Lasch. Very thin, p. campan. plicato-sulcate, yellow; g. +free, yellow then livid; s. filiform, glabrous, pallid. + +=pusillus=, Borsz. Very thin, campan. sulcato-plicate above middle, +viscid; g. free, cinnamon; s. pale yellow, white-squamulose. + +=purifluus=, Lasch. P. very thin, exp. flocculose, sulcate, yellow; g. +free, narrow, subochraceous; s. narrowed, mealy, yellowish. + +[=Ozonii=, Schulz. P. thin, conico-campan. exp. disc even, cinnamon or +fuscous, rest pale ochre and densely striate; g. adnexed, closely +crowded, pale then colour of p.; s. 2-6 springing from a common fleshy +mass, or solitary and subbulbous, white; sp. 7-11 × 5. + + +INOCYBE, Fr. + + A. SQUARROSI. _Pileus at first squarrose, stem scaly, both somewhat + fuscous._ + +=hystrix=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convexo-plane, mouse-colour, with revolute, +squarrose scales; g. grey then fuscous; s. 4-7 cm. thickened upwards, +with rings of reflexed scales, pale above ring; sp. 10 × 5. + +=relicina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conico-exp. with squarrose tomentose scales, +sooty; g. yellow then olive; s. 4-5 cm. solid, equal, floccosely scaly; +sp. ----. + +=calamistrata=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-4 cm. campan. obtuse, squarrose +with rigid recurved scales, brown; g. white then rusty; s. 4-5 cm. +solid, rigid, base blue, squarrosely scaly everywhere, fuscous; sp. +10-11 × 5. Flesh reddish. + +=hirsuta=, Lasch. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-campan. acute, squarrose with +scales formed of fascicles of hairs, fuscous-ochre, disc sometimes +greenish; g. narrow, pallid then fuscous; s. 4-7 cm. solid, slender, +floccosely scaly above, base greenish; sp. ----. + +=lanuginosa=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, floccosely scaly, +those of disc erect, umber then yellowish; g. toothed, pallid then +clay-colour; s. 2-3 cm. thin fibrillosely scaly, apex with white meal; +sp. rough, 8 or 10; 12 × 5 (Cke.) + +=squarrulosa=, Karst. (= _Clypeus_, Karst.) P. convex then plane, +obtuse, fibrillose, fuscescent, disc squarrosely squamulose, fuscous; g. +crowded, white-crenulate; s. equal, brownish-squamulose; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +=dulcamara=, A. and S. P. 3-5 cm. convex, umb. pilosely-scaly, +fuscous-olive; g. pallid then olive; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillosely squamulose +from the veil, apex mealy; sp. 8-10 × 5. + +=plumosa=, Bolton. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, disc with erect pilose +fascicles, edge fibrillose, mouse-grey; g. quite entire, whitish then +smoky; s. 3-6 cm. slender, wavy, floccosely scaly, apex naked; sp. 8-9 × +4-5. + +=cincinnata=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convexo-plane, squarrosely squamose, +somewhat fuscous; g. fuscous violet; s. 2-3 cm. solid, slender, scaly; +sp. 7-8. (8-10 × 5 Sacc.) + +=haemacta=, B. and Cke. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, floccosely fibrillose +with dark fibrils, disc scaly and darker; g. dingy tan; s. 4-5 cm. +scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, tinged verdigris at base; sp. 8 × +4-5. + +Flesh turning blood-red when bruised. + +=leucocephala=, Boud. P. white, convex, entirely covered with erect +scales; g. free, broad, fawn; s. short, white, coarsely fibrillose +throughout; sp. rough, 9-11 × 6-8. + + B. LACERI. _Pileus torn into scales or fibrils (not cracking); stem + coloured, paler than pileus, fibrillose._ + +=pyriodora=, Pers. Smell pleasant. P. 4-7 cm. umb. adpressedly +fibroso-scaly, fuscous ochre then pale; g. emarginate, rather distant; +s. 6-10 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale, apex pruinose; sp. 10 × 6. +Flesh with red tinge. + +[=corydalina=, Q. Strong-scented. P. whitish, umbo bluish-green; g. +narrow, white then fuscous; stem white pruinose; sp. 10 long. + +var. _roseolus_, Pat. Larger than type. P. entirely bluish green, edge +white-append.; flesh tinged rosy. + +[=violascens=, Q. P. splitting, fawn, umbo lilac; g. lilac; s. hollow, +white, apex striate, lilac, ring floccose, white; sp. 12-15 long. + +=incarnata=, Bres. P. 4-7 cm. campan. convex, broadly umb. fibrillose +then squamulose, edge fimbriate, yellowish then tinged red; g. sinuate, +edge fimbriate becoming spotted or tinged red; s. 4-6 cm. fibrillose, +rosy, apex white and mealy; sp. 10 × 6. + +=scaber=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. conico-convex, obtusely gibbous, with scattered +adpressed fibrillose scales, smoky then pallid; g. crowded, somewhat +smoky; s. 2-3 cm. thick, equal, silky fibrillose; sp. 11 × 5, Cke.; 7 × +3-4, Pat. + +var. _firma_, Fr. P. fuscous tan with fuscous scales; s. velvety. + +=maritima=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, exp. flocculosely fibrillose, hygr. +umber then grey; g. broad, grey then rusty; s. 2-3 cm. solid, floccosely +fibrillose, smoky; sp. rough, 9-10. + +=violaceafusca=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-5 cm. convex then exp. obtusely +umb. concentrically scaly, fibrillose, dry, umber, edge torn; g. violet +then umber, edge paler, serrulate; s. 4-6 cm. equal, smooth, violet +above; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=lacera=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex, exp. obtusely umb. fibrillosely scaly, +mouse-grey then pale; g. broad pale rufescent then mouse-grey; s. 3-4 +cm. fuscous-fibrillose, apex naked, red inside; sp. 12 × 6. + +Distinguished from _I. scabra_ and _I. mutica_ by being reddish inside +of s. + +[=abjecta=, Karst. P. convex exp. even, fuscescent, white-fibrous, disc +fibrously scaly; g. adnate, broad, ventricose in front, cinnamon tinged +olive; s. pallid, white-floccose, apex white-pruinose; sp. 10-13 × 5-7. + +[=trivialis=, Karst. P. conico-campan. exp. usually depr. obtusely umb. +rimose, disc sometimes scaly pallid or mouse-colour changing to bay; g. +crowded; s. solid, equal, subrufescent, at length dusky outside and +inside, not bulbous; sp. 10-12 × 4-5. + +[=rhodiola=, Bresad. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. fibrillosely scaly then +almost glabrous, rufous-umber then pale; g. becoming rusty-olive, edge +white-pruinose, becoming rufous spotted; s. fibrillose, subequal, apex +glabrous tinged yellow, reddish downwards, spotted reddish when bruised; +flesh whitish, base of s. red; sp. 10-12 × 6-7. + +=fasciata=, Cke. and Mass. Caespitose. P. 4-7 cm. campan.-convex, pale +tan disc rufous, silky, covered with small, dark, squarrose scales; g. +pallid; s. 4-7 cm. fibrillose, reddish outside and inside at base, rest +pallid, solid; sp. rough, 10 × 6. + +[=rufoalba=, Pat. and Doass. P. convex, mammillate, brown, silky white +tomentum everywhere except umbo; g. nearly free, rusty brown; s. equal, +pubescent, rusty, not bulbous; sp. rough, 9-10 × 4-5. + +=flocculosa=, Berk. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. umb. subcampan. silkily +squamulose, tawny brown; g. fawn then rusty; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, +reddish, pulverulent above; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +=Bongardii=, Weinm. Smell pleasant, like bergamot. P. 2-5 cm. campan. +obtuse, disc scaly, fibrillose towards edge, fuscous then pale; g. +broad, pale reddish then cinnamon; s. 4-9 cm. solid, rigid, pallid +rufous, silky and red below, apex with white meal; sp. 10-12 × 6. + +[=Merletii=, Q. P. convex, hoary, virgate with brownish fibrils; g. +milky white then brownish fawn; s. whitish, stuffed, fibrillosely +striate, ring floccose, white; sp. 11-14 long. + +[=capucina=, Fr. P. conico-campan. acute, everywhere fibrillosely scaly, +dusky fuscous, edge paler; g. adnate, crowded, fuscous; s. solid, short, +fibrillose, fuscous; sp. rough, 10. + +[=cucullata=, C. Mart. Smell like camphor. P. variable in form, campan. +campan.-convex, sometimes irreg. scaly, tawny, disc darker; g. broad, +edge white, serrulate; s. subequal, hollow, glabrous, paler than p.; sp. +smooth. + +[=asinina=, Kalchbr. P. convex then plane, rather gibbous, adpressedly +fibrillose, hoary then rufescent tan; g. greyish yellow then cinnamon; +s. solid, brownish tan, loosely fibrillose and cingulate from the +superior veil. + +[=connexifolia=, Gill. Smell like ripe fruit. P. conical then exp. umb. +with adpressed fibrillose scales especially at centre; g. arcuate, +connected by veins, whitish, olive-rufous, finally cinnamon; s. +fibrously squamulose, white then tinged pink, white above; sp. smooth. +Flesh reddish when cut. + +=mutica=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex then plane, very obtuse then depr. +squamulose, whitish, fuscous-fibrillose; g. adnate, crowded; s. hollow, +pale straw-colour then fuscescent; sp. 8 × 5. (6 × 4 Sacc.) + +=carpta=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex exp. depr. dingy fuscous, with woolly +filaments; g. broad, fuscous brown; s. 2-4 cm. fibrillosely woolly, +hollow, narrowed downwards; sp. 8-10 × 5. + +[=tenebrosa=, Q. P. campan. cracked into squamules, umber; s. +fibrillosely striate, blackish olive, apex whitish; sp. 7-8 long. + +=deglubens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. torn into adpressed +fibrils, disc rather scaly, rufous bay then yellowish; g. dingy then +cinnamon; s. 4-6 cm. solid, pallid, apex with dark scurf; sp. 10 × 6. + +Differs from _I. lacera_ in dark scurfy apex of s. + +=obscura=, Pers. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. then plane, umb. longitudinally +fibrillose, disc scaly, blue then fuscous; g. olive then brown; s. 3-4 +cm. fibrillose, brownish violet; sp. 9-10 × 5-6. + +var. _rufus_, Pat. P. brownish rufous, g. ventricose, violet. + +[=Gaillardii=, Gill. P. convex then exp. umbo and around scurfy, margin +torn, reddish rusty; g. crowded, free, broad, colour of p.; s. slender, +paler than p.; sp. globose with long slender spines. + +[=calospora=, Q. P. minutely squamulose, brownish; g. milk-white; s. +slender, slightly bulbous, pruinose, whitish rufous; sp. glob. strongly +aculeate, 10. + +[=hirtella=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. edge soon splitting, +yellowish straw-colour, densely covered with darker pilose scales; g. +adnate, whitish then fuscescent, edge white-mealy; s. white becoming +tinged straw-colour with a subterranean subbulbous base; sp. 10-12 × 6. + +Allied to _I. calospora_, Q. + +=echinata=, Roth. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then exp. pulverulent then scaly, +silky, dingy brownish yellow; g. nearly or quite free, deep rose to +blood-red; s. 3-5 cm. floccosely pulverulent up to imperfect ring, dull +red, hollow; sp. 5 × 3. + + C. RIMOSI. _Pileus longitudinally fibrillose, soon cracked, often + adpressedly scaly; stem whitish, paler than pileus, fibrillose._ + +=schista=, Cke. and Sm. P. 4-7 cm. campan. broadly subumb. cracking +longitudinally, fibrillose, bay brown; g. adnate, rufous, edge pale, +serrate; s. 6-7 cm. stout, equal, twisted, solid, paler than p.; sp. +----. + +=fibrosa=, Sow. P. 7-9 cm. campan. umbo broad, silky, even then cracked, +edge wavy, pallid; g. free, crowded, dingy ochre, edge uneven; s. 4-12 +cm. solid, narrowed upwards, striate, flocculosely scaly above; sp. +slightly rough, 12-14 × 6. + +_I. perlata_ differs in darker p. and smooth sp. + +=phaeocephala=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. umb. wavy, squamulose, +bay then sooty; g. free, arcuate, umber; s. 5-7 cm. solid, somewhat +bulbous; colour of p. above, below white and downy; sp. 6 × 4. + +[=jurana=, Pat. P. umb. cracked and torn, fibrillose, rather squamulose +towards the edge, reddish violet, disc deep violet; g. broad, +ochraceous; s. tall, fibrous, apex pruinose, violet downwards; sp. 10 × +6. + +=fastigiata=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conico-campan. longitudinally +fibrous and cracked, edge often lobed, yellow brown; g. free, +fuscous-olive; s. 6-9 cm. solid, stout, rather twisted, silky-fibrous; +sp. rough, 8-10 × 6-8. + +_I. pyriodora_ differs in smell and reddish flesh. + +[=praetervisa=, Q. P. campan. fibrillosely virgate, fawn; g. milk-white +then fawn; s. pubescent, pale straw-colour; sp. warted, 10-11 × 5-6. + +[=Godeyi=, Gillet. Smell strong, unpleasant. P. campan. edge slightly +incurved, scaly and fibrillosely rimose, dingy yellow then tinged +reddish-ochre as is every part of fungus more or less; g. free, pale +olive; s. rather floccose at apex, colour of p. flesh white, tinging +red; sp. 6-8 × 3-4. + +[=Cookei=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. edge becoming upturned and +split, fibrillose and silkily rimose, centre glabrous, straw-colour then +lurid yellowish; g. crowded, attenuato-adnexed, greyish white then +yellowish cinnamon; s. colour of p. silky fibrillose, base marginately +subbulbous, apex naked; sp. 8-10 × 5. + +Allied to _I. fastigiata_. + +=hiulca=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conico-exp. umb. fibrillose, cracked into +scales, fuscous or olive; g. broad, becoming olive; s. 4-7 cm. rigid, +silky fibrillose, apex and flesh pinkish white, with white meal; sp. +8-10 × 5. + +=Curreyi=, Berk. P. 3-5 cm. convex then exp. longitudinally fibrillose, +squamulose at disc rather cracked, pale yellow brown; g. yellowish then +tinged olive; s. 4-7 cm. rather fibrillose, colour of p. solid, flesh +dingy; sp. 11 × 6. + +Differs from _I. pyriodora_ in absence of smell, and from _I. +fastigiata_ in smooth sp. + +=perlata=, Cke. P. 6-9 cm. convex then exp. broadly umb. longitudinally +fibrous with darker fibrils, fuscous, edge paler, incurved, disc very +dark; g. adnexed, pale umber; s. 6-9 cm. sometimes twisted, striate, +pallid; sp. 8-9 × 6. + +Differs from _I. schista_ in umber gills. + +[=maculata=, Boud. P. campan. then exp. umb. silky-fibrillose, cracked, +dingy fawn-colour, and with concentric white adpr. scales; g. almost +free, fawn with olive tinge; s. fibrillose, paler than p. apex scurfy; +10-13 × 5-6. + +Differs from _I. rimosa_ in the white scales on p. + +=rimosa=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. campan. silky-fibrous, longitudinally cracked +when exp. yellow brown; g. free; s. 4-7 cm. solid, firm, almost +glabrous; sp. smooth, 10-11 × 6. + +_I. eutheles_ differs in being umbonate, and _I. pyriodora_ in strong +smell. + +[=albipes=, Gill. P. exp. plane, mammilate, fibrillosely rivulose, edge +wavy, dingy yellow disc darker; g. free, crowded; s. entirely white, +squamulose; sp. rough. + +=asterospora=, Q. P. 3-5 cm. campan. subumb. silkily fibrous, +longitudinally cracked when dry, yellow brown, or umber; g. almost free; +s. 4-7 cm. slightly submarginately subbulbous, solid, pallid or pinkish +tinge; sp. subgl. warted, 10-11. (7-10 × 5-8 Sacc.) + +Differs from _I. rimosa_ in spores. + +[=proximella=, Karst. P. exp. umb. rimose and torn into fibres, pallid, +umb. darker; g. adnate, crowded, ventricose; s. subfibrillose, pallid, +flesh white, no trace of bulb; sp. warted, 8-9 × 5-6. + +Differs from _Ino. asterospora_ in absence of bulb, curved fibrillose +stem, etc. + +[=umbrina=, Bres. P. campan.-convex, plane, umb. chestnut brown, rather +viscid, woolly-fibrillose at length rimose, disc sometimes slightly +warted; g. crowded, lurid citrin then reddish cinnamon, edge darker; s. +fibrillose, colour of p. subbulbous; sp. substellate, 7-8 × 5-6. + +Close to _I. asterospora_, Q. + +=eutheles=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. strongly umb. undulate, +shining, silky, squamulose, fawn; g. broadly adnate, pallid, edge +whitish, toothed; s. 4-7 cm. equal, striate, pallid; sp. 10-11 × 5. + +Differs from _I. fastigiata_ in adnate gills, and from _I. curreyi_ in +strong umbo and adnate g. + +=margaritispora=, Berk. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. wavy, broadly umb. +silky, with adpressed fibrillose scales, fawn; g. adnexed, pallid; s. +6-9 cm. equal, fibrillose, pallid; sp. warted, 8. + +Differs from _I. eutheles_ in globose, warted s., and from _I. +asterospora_ in squamulose p. + +=destricta=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. campan.-exp. umb. cracked, fibrillose, then +torn into scales, pallid then rufescent; g. uncinato-adnate; s. 4-5 cm. +solid, glabrous, fibrillose, striate, reddish-white; sp. 8 × 4. + +Differs from _I. rimosa_ by adnexed g. and reddish s. _I. asterospora_ +differs in warted globose sp. + +=perbrevis=, Weinm. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtusely umb. fibrously scaly, +edge rather striate at length splitting, fuscous then yellowish rufous; +g. uncinato-adnexed; s. 2-2.5 cm. pallid, white-fibrillose, base rather +narrowed; sp. 10-12 × 5. + +[=putilla=, Bres. P. conico-campan. then exp. umb. silky-fibrillose, +surface at length cracked and torn, tan or greyish-brown, or fuscous +then pale, edge persistently lurid whitish; g. sinuato-adnate, white +then tan, edge crenulate; s. very faintly tinged rose, white-fibrillose +then glabrous, apex white-scurfy, base rather narrowed; sp. angular, +8-10 × 6-7. + +=descissa=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conico-campan. fibrillose, splitting open, +whitish fuscescent; g. almost free, crowded, whitish then fuscescent; s. +3-4 cm. partly hollow, equal, undulate, fibrillose, apex +white-pulverulent; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +Resembling _I. geophylla_ but slenderer; s. white outside and inside. + +var. _auricoma_, Batsch. Smaller. P. yellowish, edge striate; g. +adfixed, ventricose white then fuscous. + +[=grammata=, Q. P. campan. fibrous-striate, whitish then fawn; g. tawny; +s. striate, tomentose, shining white then rosy; sp. rough, 10. + +[=brunnea=, Q. P. umb. fibrillosely silky, chestnut; s. +fibrilloso-striate, fuscous, apex white, pruinose; sp. 12 long. + +[=grata=, Weinm. P. conico-campan. fibrillose, umbonate, cracked when +exp. whitish- or yellowish-rufescent, scaly disc darker; g. crowded, +olive then pallid fuscescent; s. shining, fibrillose, wavy, whitish +rufescent. + +=Trinii=, Weinm. Smell like clove-pinks. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. obtuse, +longitudinally rufescent-fibrillose, whitish-rufescent, tawny when dry; +g. rounded, ventricose, cinnamon, edge white-floccose; s. 2-4 cm. equal, +slender, loosely rufous-fibrillose, powdered with white; sp. rough, +9-10. + + D. VELUTINI. _Pileus not rimose, cuticle of interwoven fibrils, + almost smooth, or adpressedly scaly, disc even; stem polished, + glabrous, whitish, apex mealy._ + +=sambucina=, Fr. White, smell strong. P. 4-7 cm. firm, convex, exp. +obtuse, silky fibrillose, even, sometimes tinged yellow; g. crowded, +whitish; s. 3-4 cm. stout, solid, glabrous, striate, white; sp. 11-12 × +6. + +=caesariata=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. convex exp. gibbous, somewhat tawny, +ochraceous-fibrillose or subsquamulose; g. entire, pale ochre; s. 3-6 +cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale ochre; sp. 8 × 4. (10-12 × 5 Sacc.) + +[=delecta=, Karst. (= _I. caesariata_, var. _fibrillosa_, Fr.). P. exp. +even, fibrillosely scaly, dingy tawny- or rufous-honeycolour, paler when +dry; g. at length fuscous, edge paler and floccoso-crenate; s. solid, +dingy yellow or pallid, white-fibrillose; sp. ----. + +[=subgranulosa=, Karst. P. convex then exp. or slightly depr. obsoletely +umb. even, pale ochre, disc more especially with minute erect dark +squamules; g. adnate, greenish- then brownish-cinnamon; s. hollow, +curved or wavy, paler than p.; sp. 7-9 × 4-5. + +=lucifuga=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-3 cm. convex-plane, subumb. +adpressedly fibrilloso-squamulose, fuscous or olive then pale; g. +yellowish white then olive; s. 3 cm. solid, firm, equal, glabrous, apex +rather pruinose; sp. 10 × 6. + +[=decipiens=, Bres. P. exp. umb. floccosely silky, disc smooth then +broken up into scales, cinnamon ochre; g. greyish white then lurid +cinnamon; s. glabrous, apex slightly pruinose, rather striate, pallid; +sp. rough, 11-14 × 6-8. + +[=tomentella=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, fibrillosely tomentose, brownish; +g. subadnate; s. solid, equal, white, apex pruinose, with a cortinate +median annular zone, otherwise glabrous. + +=sindonia=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conico-convex, obtusely gibbous, +velvety-villose, dingy white or yellowish, edge appendiculate; g. +lanceolate, whitish then fuscous; s. 4-7 cm. with a separate pith which +disappears, then hollow, almost glabrous; sp. 7 × 4. (10 × 5 Sacc.) + +Differs from _I. geophylla_ in larger size and hollow s. + +[=cortinata=, Roll. P. campan. then exp. strongly umb. whitish +straw-colour, umb. darker, becoming rimose, white veil at margin; g. +adnato-decur. dingy ochre, edge flocculose, paler; s. white, +fibrilloso-striate, curved, ring median. + +Perhaps a cortinate form of _I. sindonia_. + +=Clarkii=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, whitish, silky; g. +adnexed, pallid, edge white; s. 3-5 cm. nearly equal, solid, white; sp. +8-10 × 6. + +Differs from _I. sindonia_ in solid s. and pale g. + +=geophylla=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then exp. umb. even, +silky-fibrillose, white or lilac; g. adnexed, crowded, dingy white then +umber; s. 4-6 cm. equal, firm, apex with white meal, veil fibrillose; +sp. 7-8 × 4. + +_I. scabella_ differs in brownish squamulose p. + +var. _fulva_, Pat. P. rufous-ochre, edge paler; sp. 8-10 × 5. + +var. _violacea_, Pat. P. violet; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=commixta=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. shining white or tinged +grey; fibrillosely silky, edge often split, dry; g. closely crowded, +free, white then greyish cinnamon; s. solid, white, equal, apex scurfy, +base minutely turbinately bulbous; sp. angular, 10 × 7. + +Closely resembling _I. geophylla_, differing in base of s. and angular +sp. + +[=umbratica=, Q. Shining white. P. umb. silky-pruinose; g. white then +rosy-fawn; s. flocculose; sp. rough, 8-10. + +=scabella=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then plane, dry, torn into squamulose +fibrils, umbo obtuse, even, glabrous, rufescent or yellowish; g. +adnexed, dingy; s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, rufescent or pallid, apex pruinose; +sp. rough, 10 × 7. + +[=debilipes=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. pallid fuscous then rather +rusty, everywhere torn into scales which become stuck down, then rimose; +g. adnexed, crowded, pallid rusty, edge fuscous-crenulate; s. wavy, +pallid, spotted with minute fuscescent squamules; sp. 7-9 × 5-6. + +[=confusa=, Karst. P. exp. umb. glabrous, cuticle cracked, fibrillose, +rusty, tawny yellow or bay; g. crowded, yellowish then olive; s. solid, +firm, nearly glabrous, pale; sp. 10-12 × 6. + +[=inconcina=, Karst. P. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, innately +fibrillose, rusty then pale; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded, pale olive then +rusty, edge paler and floccosely crenulate; s. equal, wavy, pallid, apex +white-pruinose; sp. 8-13 × 5-6. + +[=curvipes=, Karst. P. exp. obtuse, adpressedly fibrillose or +squamulose, brownish; g. adnexed, crowded; s. curved, wavy or twisted, +narrowed below, fibrillose, pallid; sp. rough, 9-15 × 5-7. + +[=conformata=, Karst. P. exp. umb. slightly adpressedly floccosely +squamulose, rusty or brownish then pale; g. adnexed, ventricose, pallid +then brownish; s. equal, rather wavy, minutely fibrillosely flocculose; +sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +[=pusio=, Karst. P. exp. umb. fibroso-rimose, pallid fuscous; g. adnexed +with decur. tooth, tan; s. apex pruinose and at first violet, usually +wavy; sp. 8-10 × 4-6. + +[=flavella=, Karst. P. acutely conical then exp. acutely umb. innately +fibrillosely rimose, glabrous, yellowish, rather shining; g. crowded, +yellowish then olive, edge paler, floccosely crenulate; s. solid, equal, +wavy, apex white-flocculose, yellowish white; sp. 12-14 × 4-6. + +[=fulvella=, Bres. P. conico-campan. exp. umb. silky-flocculose, centre +glabrous, olivaceous honey-colour then brownish olive, umbo darker; g. +lilac then tan, edge fimbriate; s. lilac then rufescent, glabrous, wavy. + +=subrimosa=, Mass. (_Clypeus subrimosus_, Karst.). P. 2-3 cm. +conico-campan. umbo prominent, edge often wavy, even, glabrous, then +longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, bay or rusty ochre; g. dingy tan; +s. 4-5 cm. solid, equal, polished, with a minute marginate bulb, white, +mealy; sp. 10-12, spiny. + +=mamillaris=, Pass. P. convex, mammillate, squamulose; g. +emarginato-adnexed; s. hollow, equal, flexuous; sp. smooth. + +=Renneyi=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. slightly fibrillose, disc +brown, rest fawn; g. rounded behind, dingy ochre; s. 3-4 cm. slightly +narrowed downwards, fibrillose, solid, paler than p.; sp. rough, 12 × +7-8. + +var. _major_, B. and Br. Colour of type, but larger; g. broadly adnate. + + E. VISCIDI. _Pileus almost smooth, viscid._ + +=trechispora=, Berk. P. convex then exp. umb. viscid, soon dry and +silky, umbo brownish rest whitish; g. pinkish grey; s. 3-4 cm. equal; +often rather wavy, whitish, mealy; sp. 7 × 5-6. + +Differs from _I. geophylla_ in dark umbo and rough sp. + +[=viscosissima=, Fr. (= _I. umbonata, Q._) P. convex acutely umb. +umber-brown, dripping with gluten then silky; g. rounded and free, +ventricose, rufescent; s. equal, glabrous, pallid; sp. ----. + +Allied to _I. trechispora_, differing in being very glutinous and in +rounded free gills. + +[=imbecilis=, Pass. P. glabrous, rather viscid, white then clay-colour; +g. whitish then rusty-rose; s. solid, long, cylindrical, watery, with +white meal above. + +=vatricosa=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then plane, subumb. glabrous, +viscid, silky at margin, whitish; g. white then fuscescent; s. 2-3 cm. +fistulose, contorted, pulverulent; sp. ----. + +Habit of _I. geophylla_ but smaller and viscid at first. + +=Whitei=, B. and Br. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convex, tawny, edge whitish, at +length exp. and all tawny, fibrillose, rather viscid; g. white then +pallid; s. 2-3 cm. slightly thickened at base, white then brownish; sp. +9 × 4. + +=tricholoma=, A. and S. Whitish. P. 2-4 cm. plano-depr. rather viscid, +with adpr. white fibrils, edge strigosely fringed; g. decur.; s. 3-4 cm. +slender, squamulose above; sp. rough, 4. + +=strigiceps=, Fr. P. convex-obtuse then exp. strigosely silky with long +fibrils, rufescent, edge at first involute, strigosely ciliate; g. +adnato-decur.; s. stuffed, downy, white. + +var. _eriocephala_, Fr. P. yellowish-white, silky, with appendiculate +white down at edge; g. adnate; s. fistulose, becoming compressed. + + +HEBELOMA, Fr. + + A. INDUSIATI. _Veil evidently cortinate, hence the pileus is often + superficially silky near the margin._ + +=mussivum=, Fr. P. 5-10 cm. convex exp. obtuse, viscid, at length +squamulose, yellow disc often brownish; g. emarginate, yellowish; s. +8-12 cm. solid, equal, entirely fibrillose, yellowish, apex rather +pruinose; sp. 12 × 6. + +=sinuosum=, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. exp. wavy, viscid, even, almost glabrous, +yellowish or pale brick-red then pale; g. emarginato-free, broad, pallid +then rusty; s. 8-13 cm. hollow, stout, fibrous, soft, white +floccosely-scaly above; sp. ----. + +=fastibile=, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 4-7 cm. compact, exp. wavy, +viscid, glabrous, pale yellowish tan; g. emarginate, rather distant, +pallid then cinnamon, lacrymose; s. 4-7 cm. subbulbous, white, fibrously +scaly, veil evident; sp. 10 × 6. + +var. _alba_, Fr. S. longer, equal, partly hollow, apex fibrously scaly; +g. distant. + +var. _elegans_, Lindgr. Edge of p. sulcate or rugoso-plicate. Form B. +Pileus purple-brown. + +=senescens=, Batsch. P. 4-9 cm. exp. rather viscid, ochre or +flesh-colour with tinge of rust, rusty yellow when old, edge crisped, +hoary; g. dusky rust colour; s. 6-9 cm. thinner and whitish upwards, +scaly and darker below; sp. 10 × 6. + +=glutinosum=, Lindg. P. 4-7 cm. exp. glutinous, with white superficial +scales, yellowish white, discoid; g. crowded, yellowish then cinnamon; +s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, whitish squamulose, apex mealy; sp. 10-12 × 5. + +=testaceum=, Batsch. Smells like radishes. P. 3-5 cm. campan.-convex, +even, rather viscid, brick-red then pale, rather opaque; g. nearly free, +crowded, rusty; s. 6-7 cm. hollow, subbulbous, floccosely fibrillose, +pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +[=rubrum=, Otth. P. campan. then conico-exp. splitting into shreds, +clear red, yellowish when dry; flesh reddish; g. free; s. equal, +fibrous, often slightly bulbous, colour of p. + +=firmum=, Pers. P. 4-7 cm. campan. exp. umb. viscid, brick-red, discoid; +g. dry, edge white toothed; s. 4-7 cm. solid, pallid, everywhere +floccosely scaly; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=mitratum=, Fr. P. campan.-gibbous, viscid, often cracked, yellowish +brick-red, umbo prominent, stout, fuscous then pale, g. crowded, +sinuato-adnate; s. solid or becoming hollow, equal, yellowish-white, +fibrous, dusky yellow from veil. + +=claviceps=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. convex, exp. disc gibbous, even, naked, +pallid; g. dry, pallid; s. 4-7 cm. equal, everywhere white mealy, +fuscous downwards; sp. 10-11 × 5. + +Differs from _H. firmum_ in dark base of s. and paler g. + +[=fusipes=, Bres. Smell like spirit of wine. P. convex-gibbous, edge +broadly incurved, viscid, glabrous, tinged tan; g. broad, edge +white-fimbriate; s. pallid, base fusiformly rooting; sp. 12-15 × 9-10. + +[=birrum=, Fr. P. exp. discoid, disc rugulose, pale tan, with +superficial white squamules near edge; g. rounded then truncate and +free; s. solid, fusiformly rooting, rather woolly with white imbricated +squamules. + +=punctatum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. silky then almost glabrous, the darker +disc punctate with viscid warts, tan, paler when dry; g. narrow, +crowded, pallid then rusty bay; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, equal, apex white +pruinose; sp. 7-11 × 5-6. + +=versipelle=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. viscid with tough gluten, discoid, at +length wavy, crust-colour, adglutinated and silky at edge, then +glabrous; g. crowded, broad, reddish white then tan; s. 4-7 cm. +silky-white, apex pruinose; sp. 12 long. + +[=subtortum=, Karst. P. convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, +irreg. at first, silky near edge from veil, viscid, pale brick-red or +pallid, disc darker; g. adnato-subdecur. crowded, edge crenate; s. +hollow, usually twisted, whitish, apex mealy; sp. 7-9 × 4-6. + +=mesophaeum=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. conico-convex then plane, even, viscid, +almost naked, gilvous, disc bay; g. emarginate, crowded, thin; s. 4-7 +cm. tough, equal, slender, fibrillose, whitish then rusty, apex +pruinose; sp. 7-8 × 4-5. + +Disc of p. sometimes umber. + +var. _holophaeum_, Fr. P. umb. everywhere dusky fuscous; s. fuscescent, +subannulate. + +=strophosum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, subumbonate, viscid, disc bay, +edge white with veil; g. crowded; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, silky, whitish, +ring near the apex distinct but imperfect; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +[=elatellum=, Sacc. (= _Roumeguerites elatellus_, Karst.) P. hemisph. +even, glabrous, naked, pale fuscescent, sometimes spotted, yellowish +livid when dry; g. adnate, much crowded, narrow, pale tan; s. tall, +equal, naked, whitish, ring, inf. entire, persistent, membranous, tinged +fuscous; sp. 7-9 × 4-6. + +=subcollariatum=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, exp. rather glutinous, +pale ochre-tan, centre darker; g. broadly adnate, soon separating from +s. and attached to a collar, pale tan, edge whitish; s. 4-5 cm. +flexuous, pale, brownish below, pulverulent; sp. 12-13 × 6. + +=violascens=, Otth. P. convex, umb. dry, silky shining, bright violet, +disc adpressedly squamulose and brownish; g. reddish violet then +brownish; s. pale violet then rufous-fibrillose, base slightly bulbous, +yellowish. + +[=deflectens=, Karst. P. exp. depr. rugulose, dry, scurfy-squamulose, +bright yellow-tan; g. crowded, lanceolate; s. equal, fistulose, tough, +rooting, paler than p. everywhere white-scurfy; sp. 7-9 × 5-6. + + B. DENUDATI. _Pileus glabrous, veil absent from the first._ + +=sinapizans=, Fr. Smell like radishes. P. 7-12 cm. compact, exp. rather +wavy, even, glabrous, rather viscid, pale tan; g. deeply emarginate, +broad, dry, crowded, entire; s. 6-10 cm. stout, equal, fibrillose, +white, apex white-scaly; sp. 12 × 7. + +Differs from _H. sinuosum_ in strong smell and absence of veil. + +=crustuliniforme=, Bull. P. 5-10 cm. convex then exp. glabrous, rather +viscid, often rather wavy, yellowish-red, disc darker then pale; g. +sinuate, thin, narrow, whitish then brown, edge crenulate and with beads +of moisture; s. 4-7 cm. solid, firm, subbulbous, whitish, with minute +white recurved flecks; sp. 11-12 × 6. + +[=Syrjense=, Karst. P. convex, exp. obtuse, dry, even, glabrous, +brick-red; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid, edge crenulate; s. equal, wavy, +twisted, white, white-flocculoso-pulverulent above, at length entirely +umber; sp. 10-11 × 5-6. + +Subcaespitose; stems cohering at base. + +=hiemale=, Bres. (= _H. crustuliniforme_, var. _minor_, Cke.) P. +exp.-gibbous or depr. viscid, glabrous, edge incurved and white +flocculose at first, pallid tan, centre reddish tan; g. crowded, sinuate +and almost free, edge white-floccose; s. whitish, apex with white scurf; +sp. 12-13 × 6-7. + +Near to _H. crustuliniforme_, but smaller and smell obsolete. + +[=subsaponaceum=, Karst. Smell strong, soapy. P. exp. obtuse, even, +naked, dry, gilvous then pallid, darker when dry; g. adnate, dry; s. +elongated, equal, rather wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, apex rather +mealy, pale, umber below when touched; sp. 6-10 × 4-6. + +[=Stocseki=, Schulz. P. convex, even, whitish then yellow, centre tawny; +g. adnexed, narrow, both ends narrowed, rufescent; s. cylindrical, +thickened below, whitish, often striately-twisted; sp. 10 × 4-6. + +[=Quéletii=, Schulz. P. umbonato-campan. then convex, white then ochre, +sometimes rufous-brown, very even, subviscid in rainy weather, pellicle +separable; g. subsinuato-adnexed, rounded in front, whitish then pale +cinnamon; s. cylindrical, often curved at base, white base tinged brown; +sp. 10-12 × 6. + +[=involuta=, Lamb. (= _Paxillus nitens_, Lamb.) P. convex, glutinous +when moist, shining as if varnished when dry, yellow brown, paler at +edge which remains for a long time incurved; flesh yellowish, glabrous; +g. free, cut out behind, narrow, crowded, brownish olive at last; s. +reddish yellow above, darker below. + +=elatum=, Batsch. Smell strong of radishes. P. 6-10 cm. convex, umb. +glabrous, viscid, pinkish ochre whitish towards the edge; g. uncinate, +wavy, crowded, dry, pale flesh-colour then bistre; s. 8-10 cm. soft, +cylindrical, twisted, white then bistre, apex mealy, fibrillose or +downy; sp. 13-15 × 7. + +=longicaudum=, Pers. P. 3-6 cm. exp. even, subumb. glabrous, viscid, +rather wavy, tan then whitish; g. crowded, dry, serrulate; s. 8-11 cm. +partly hollow, fragile, fibrillose, subequal, white, apex with white +meal; sp. 10 × 5. + +var. _radicatum_, Cke. S. fusiform, rooting. + +=lugens=, Jungh. Smell strong. P. 4-7 cm. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, +brown then yellowish; g. pale rusty, edge crenulate, darker; s. 4-7 cm. +shining, fibrillosely striate, subbulbous, apex white-mealy; sp. 10 × 6. + +=truncatum=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. exp. undulately wavy, almost dry, +somewhat rufous, edge paler; g. crowded, dry; s. 1.5-2 cm. solid, stout, +equal, everywhere slightly pruinose, white; sp. 12-13 × 6. + +[=mentiens=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, edge angularly bent down, even, +glabrous, dry, yellowish-tan, tinged tawny when dry; g. subadnate, +broad, thin, white, yellowish when dry; s. hollow, fibrous, flexuous, +glabrous, white, apex thickened and rather pruinose; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +=nudipes=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, almost glabrous, slightly viscid, +tan then pale, edge thin; g. crowded, dry; s. 4-6 cm. solid, equal, +pelliculose, glabrous, naked, shining white, base fibrillose; sp. 12 × +6. (8-10 × 4-5 Sacc.) + +[=sacchariolens=, Q. Smell strong, like burnt sugar. P. campan. then +convex, 2-3 cm. thin, glabrous, viscid, whitish with the centre buff; g. +sinuate, crinkled, whitish then buff bordered with white; s. slender, +subfistulose, slightly striate, silky, pruinose at the summit, white, +streaked with fawn fibrils below; sp. 12 long. + +[=circinans=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, lubricous, smoky-ochre, edge +revolute downy and whitish; g. sinuate, crowded, reddish, edge white, +crenulate; s. slender, whitish, subbulbous, with reflexed circinate +fibrils; sp. 11-12 long. + +=nauseosum=, Cke. Smell nauseous. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. gibbous, +viscid, whitish ochre; g. very broad; s. 3-5 cm. whitish, mealy above; +sp. 20 × 10. + +Differs from _H. crustuliniforme_ in glabrous s. + +=capnicocephalum=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, gilvous, disc +darker, edge becoming blackish; g. broad, rusty; s. 3-4 cm. narrowed +downwards, fibrillosely-striate, pale rufescent; sp. 9 × 5. (12-14 × +7-8, Sacc.) + +=ischnostylum=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. exp. broadly umb. rather viscid, white +or a little pallid at disc; g. edge serrulate; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, naked, +whitish; sp. 12 × 7. + +Differs from _H. nudipes_ in whitish p. + +[=diffractum=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous, nearly dry, at length +broken up into scales, tan; g. broad; s. hollow, white, narrowed below, +whitish floccosely scaly above; sp. 10-12 × 4-5. + +[=subzonatum=, Weinm. P. campanulato-exp. viscid, with darker innately +scaly zones, whitish; g. crowded, narrow; s. equal, rather bulbous, +fibrillose, apex pruinose. + +[=spoliatum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, viscid, even, glabrous, reddish tan; +g. broad, crowded; s. equal, rooting, tough, glabrous, apex pruinose; +sp. 10 × 6. + +[=tortuosum=, Karst. P. convex, exp. gibbous, even, rufous-tan then +pale, glabrous; g. pallid then honey-colour; s. narrowed below, hollow, +contorted, pallid, apex with white floccose scales; sp. 6-9 × 4-5. + + C. PUSILLI. _Pileus scarcely an inch broad._ + +=magnimamma=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbo strongly mammiform, naked, +brick-red then pale; g. obtusely adnate, crowded; s. 2-3 cm. equal, +glabrous, gilvous then pallid; sp. ----. + +[=sterile=, Jungh. P. campan.-exp. glabrous, even, dry, violet; g. free, +narrow, rusty; s. solid, equal, glabrous, violet, apex floccosely +pruinose. + +[=odini=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, naked, bay, edge tawny; g. slightly +sinuate, yellow then tawny; s. fibrillose, tawny bay. + +=petiginosum=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conico-convex then exp. yellowish, +gibbous disc fuscous, margin silkily hoary; g. free, yellow then olive +bay; s. 3 cm. rufescent, pulverulent; sp. 10 × 5. + + +NAUCORIA, Fr. + + A. GYMNOTI. _Pileus glabrous. Veil absent. Spores rusty, not dingy + rusty brown._ + + * _Gills free or slightly adnexed._ + +=lugubris=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-exp. wavy, often viscid, even, pallid +becoming rusty, opaque; g. free, very broad, crowded; s. 6-9 cm. +glabrous, fusiformly rooting, pallid; sp. 7 × 4. + +A form in pine woods has p. bullate, disc bay; s. short. + +=festiva=, Fr. P. 2.3 cm. convex, subgibbous, even, glutinous, usually +olive-brown, isabelline when dry; s. free, crowded, ventricose, rusty; +s. 5-7 cm. hollow, fusiformly rooting, colour various, violet, rufous, +&c.; sp. 12 × 6. (8 × 4 Sacc.) + +Every part variable in colour. + +[=christinae=, Fr. P. conico-acute, rather wavy, viscid, fiery cinnamon +when moist, tawny and shining when dry, then pale; g. free, pallid then +fiery saffron; s. cylindric, glabrous, rooting, dull blood-red; sp. 4-5 +× 3-4. + +[=medullosa=, Bres. Smell weak, like radishes. P. conico-campan. exp. +subumb. viscid, glabrous, tawny then paler; g. crowded, almost free, +edge white-pruinose; s. tinged fuscous, apex pale, pruinose, base +thickened and white-downy, pith white, separable; sp. 7-9 × 4-5. + +[=hilaris=, Fr. P. thin, even, rather viscid, tawny orange, shining; g. +yellowish rusty; s. hollow, shining yellow. + +[=subglobosa=, A. and S. P. hemisph. even, rather viscid, yellowish; g. +nearly free, very broad, rhomboid; s. stuffed, thin, short, striate; sp. +8 × 4. + +=hamadryas=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, exp. gibbous, even, rusty bay, +yellowish red when dry and old; g. attenuato-adnexed, rusty; s. 5-7 cm. +hollow, equal, glabrous, pallid; sp. 13-14 × 7. + +[=nimbosa=, Post. P. convex exp. umb. pruinosely velvety, rufous brown; +g. broad, rusty, edge fimbriate; s. everywhere pruinosely velvety, +fuscous below, pale above; sp. 10-11 × 6. + +=cidaris=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical then campan. even, cinnamon tan, paler +when dry, edge wavy, striate; g. ventricose, honey-colour; s. 2.5-3 cm. +fusiform, blackish brown; sp. 10 long. + +Differs from _M. cucumis_ in absence of smell. + +[=Jennyae=, Karst. P. conical, exp. subumb. acute, even, glabrous, dry, +orange-bay; g. crowded; s. cartilaginous, fibrous inside, tough, +fusiformly narrowed below, apex thickened, reddish bay; sp. 4-5 × 3-4. + +=cucumis=, Pers. Smell strong, like cucumber. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. broadly +campan. brownish bay when moist, edge paler; g. pallid then saffron; s. +2-4 cm. blackish brown, apex thickened, hollow, pruinose; sp. 9-10 × +5-6. + +=anguinea=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. campan. convex, gibbous, even, yellowish +tan, a silky zone near the edge; g. crowded, linear, rusty; s. 5-7 cm. +bay, densely coated with white fibrils; sp. ----. + +[=micans=, Fr. P. convex, gibbous, even, rather shining, yellow; g. +greenish yellow then rusty; s. rufo-fuscous, pruinate. + +=centuncula=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convexo-plane, lurid green then +yellowish, becoming pale; g. thick, broad, greyish yellow; s. 2.3 cm. +base with white down, apex white-pulverulent; sp. 8-10 × 6. + +Stem usually incurved, often excentric. + +[=laeta=, Lamb. Entirely clear yellow. P. convex, obtuse, glabrous; g. +free, crowded, narrow; s. slender, elongated, glabrous. + +=horizontalis=, Bull. Watery cinnamon. P. 1-2 cm. exp. even; g. broad; +s. 1 cm. incurved, naked; sp. 12-13 × 7-8. + +[=rimulincola=, Rab. Cinnamon. P. hemisph. umbil. plicate, rugulosely +tomentose; g. thick, very broad, edge white, crenulate; s. subexcentric, +short, curved; sp. 12-15 × 7. + +=semiflexa=, B. and Br. P. 1 cm. exp. chestnut, edge fringed with white +silky veil, hygr.; g. broad and distant; s. 1 cm. incurved, pale, solid; +sp. 8 × 5. + +[=pygmaea=, Bull. P. exp. obtuse, edge striate, ochre-tan; g. +ventricose, rusty; s. fistulose, thin, wavy, glabrous, white. + +=rubricata=, B. and Br. Gregarious. P. concave then exp. and depr. 4-7 +mm. whitish then tinged rufous or ochre; g. adnexed, whitish then +pinkish, finally brownish, rounded in front; s. slender, incurved, base +scurfy or downy; sp. ----. + + ** _Gills adnate, pileus convexo-plane._ + +[=enchymosa=, Lund. P. exp. glabrous, disc minutely punctate, olive when +moist, tan when dry; g. tawny then rusty; s. pallid then colour of p. + +[=hyperella=, Fr. P. convex then plane, umbonate, fuscescent, +hoary-rusty when dry; g. crowded, obscure rusty; s. filiform, silky +fibrillose, pallid. + +=abstrusa=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid, rusty +tan; g. crowded; s. 2-3 cm. rigid, glabrous, rusty; sp. 10 × 5. + +_N. melinoides_ differs in striate p. + +[=flacca=, Karst. P. conoid-campan. tan or yellowish-cinnamon; g. +adnate, soon free, colour of p.; s. cartilaginous, equal, paler than p. +umber below, white-fibrillose; sp. 9-11 × 5. + +=innocua=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, almost glabrous, striate, +rufous then pale; g. yellowish ochre; s. 2-3 cm. white-fibrillose; sp. +11 × 4-5. + +=cerodes=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, orbicular, even, hygr. +wax-colour then ochre; g. broad, ochre cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. equal, +naked, yellow, base rusty; sp. 6 × 3. (12-16 × 6-8, Sacc.) + +[=solstitialis=, Karst. P. campan. exp. depr. umb. fragile, glabrous, +edge striate then torn, honey-colour then rusty cinnamon, rusty when +dry; g. entire, cinnamon; s. equal, straight, pallid then greenish +umber; sp. 9-10 × 5-6. + +=melinoides=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convexo-plane, obtusely umb. even, +glabrous, tawny, ochre when dry; g. triquetrous-oblong, honey-colour, +toothed; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, thickish, with yellow meal above, base +white; sp. 10-12 × 4-5. + +=pusiola=, Fr. P. 1 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, rather +viscid, tawny yellow; g. broad; s. 2 cm. slender, glabrous, yellow, +shining; sp. 8 × 4. + +[=miserrima=, Karst. P. plane, umb. sulcate then splitting, whitish when +dry, glabrous; g. adfixed, distant, broad, ventricose, subochre; s. +equal, base and apex slightly thickened, fistulose, straight, naked, +whitish; sp. ----. + + *** _Gills adnate; pileus campan. then exp._ + +=nucea=, Bolt. P. globoso-campan. umbil. punctate, pale chestnut, edge +incurved, rather lobed; g. rather crisped, cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. silky +fibrillose, white; sp. 10-11 × 6. + +=scolecina=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-convex then plane, edge slightly +striate, rusty bay; g. white then rusty, edge flocculose; s. 5-7 cm. +wavy, rusty rufous, white-mealy; sp. 10 × 6. + +[=amarescens=, Q. P. slightly rugulose, brown then tan; g. +uncinato-ventricose, whitish then tawny; s. striate, whitish saffron +then umber; sp. 10 long. + +=sideroides=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. exp. umb. glabrous, viscid, +reddish-yellow, ochre and shining when dry; g. uncinately adfixed with a +decur. tooth, narrow, crowded; s. even, glabrous, apex white-mealy, +pallid, base brownish; sp. 8-10 × 4-6. + +=glandiformis=, W. G. Sm. P. 2-3 cm. obtusely campan. then nut-shaped, +nut-brown, smooth, even; g. very broad, umber; s. 6-9 cm. equal, pallid; +sp. 10-12 × 6-8. + +[=stictica=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, orbicular, even, rough with minute +superficial granules; hygr. brownish ochre then tan; g. crowded, pale +cinnamon; s. rusty brown. + +[=typhicola=, P. Henn. P. thin, fragile, campan.-exp. subumb. flocculose +then smooth, edge striate, hygr. fuscescent; g. unequal, subdistant, +ventricose, flesh-colour then tawny; s. hollow, slender, +mealy-squamulose then smooth, whitish, base bulbous, white tomentose; +sp. 8-11 × 5-7. + +=badipes=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-convex subumb. glabrous, pellucidly +striate from umbo when moist, rusty yellow then pale, edge almost +straight; g. adnate, ventricose; s. 4-7 cm. rusty, with white fibrillose +squamules up to middle; sp. 10 × 5. + +=hydrophila=, Mass. P. 1-3 cm. campan. then slightly exp. acutely umb. +glabrous, edge striate when moist, pale tan with tinge of green; g. +brownish, edge pale; s. 3-5 cm. equal, flexuous, hollow, with red and +green tints; sp. 13-14 × 6-7. + +=striaepes=, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. campan. then exp. more or less gibbous, +ochre; g. broad, tawny cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. straight or wavy, hollow, +white, distinctly longitudinally striate; sp. 10 × 4. + +[=camerina=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtusely umb. glabrous, moist, edge +striate, ochraceous tan, paler when dry, disc darker; g. crowded, +yellowish cinnamon; s. wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, equal, umber. + +=triscopoda=, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical then hemispher. then convexo-plane, +umb. bay, ochre when dry; g. obscure rusty; s. 1-3 cm. filiform, +glabrous, rusty, base umber; sp. 6-8 × 3-4. + + B. PHAEOTI. _Pileus naked. Gills and spores brownish-rusty._ + + * PEDIADEI. _Growing in fields and pastures._ + +[=amoena=, Weinm. P. almost plane, even, rather viscid, dingy yellow +disc tinged rusty, then pale; g. adnate with decur. tooth, rusty; s. +fibrously stuffed, equal, fibrillose, shining white; sp. 8-9 × 4-5. + +=vervacti=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. even, glabrous, viscid, +shining when dry, yellow; g. adnate with decur. tooth, crowded; s. 3-4 +cm. stuffed then hollow, attenuated, glabrous, rigid, not rooting, +whitish; sp. 12-16 × 8-10. + +=pediades=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse or depr. dry, at length +minutely rivulose, yellowish ochre then tan; g. adnexed, broad; s. 4-7 +cm. with a pith, rather wavy and silky, yellowish, base slightly +bulbous; sp. 10-12 × 4-5. + +=semiorbicularis=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. hemispher. then exp. even, glabrous, +rather viscid, at length rivulose, tawny rusty then ochre; g. adnate, +very broad, crowded; s. 4-9 cm. pale rusty, shining, containing a free +tube inside; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +=arvalis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, yellow brown, ochre when dry; +g. adnexed; s. 2-4 cm. fistulose, thin, pulverulent, yellowish, with a +long filiform root; sp. 9 × 5. + +Differs from _N. orbicularis_ in long rooting s. + +=tabacina=, D. C. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. bay brown, almost plane, very obtuse, +edge involute, hygr.; g. adnate, crowded, cinnamon bay; s. 3-4 cm. +hollow, glabrous, cinnamon; sp. 8-9 × 4-5. + +[=tabacella=, Sacc. Entirely cinnamon-brown. P. convex, centre +squamulose; s. terete, toughish, fibrillose, base rather thickened; sp. +10-11 × 6. + +[=undulosa=, Jungh. P. convex, even, umbo fleshy, bay, shining; g. +adnate, ovate, distant; s. solid, firm, wavy, naked, colour of p.; sp. 6 +× 4. + + ** SCORPOIDEI. _Growing in damp uncultivated places or in woods._ + +=tenax=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, hygr. +cinnamon then ochre; g. adnate, edge entire, whitish; s. 3-5 cm. equal, +yellowish fuscous, striate with adpr. fibrils, almost glabrous, veil +fugacious; sp. 8 × 5. + +=myosotis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, subumb. with a viscid +pellicle, olive or greenish brown then yellowish; g. adnato-decur. edge +serrate, white; s. 7-12 cm. slender, pallid, fibrilloso-scaly-cortinate; +sp. 11-12 × 6. (16-18 × 8-9 Sacc.) + +[=Tavastensis=, Karst. P. convex, exp. disc, often depr. near edge with +concentric large yellowish floccose scales, livid-yellow then dingy +tawny tan; g. adnate, crowded; s. straight, subequal, solid, +fibrillosely scaly, pallid then tinged fuscous, ring torn, yellowish; +sp. 15-17 × 8-9. + +[=scorpioides=, Fr. P. conico-convex, exp. glabrous, scarcely viscid, +depr. round umbo, somewhat reddish tan then pale; g. adnate with a +decur. tooth, edge coloured like rest, entire; s. slender, wavy, dry, +pallid, white-fibrillose, apex pruinose; sp. 5-6 long. + +=temulenta=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. convex, glabrous, subumb. hygr. +edge slightly striate, rusty then ochre; g. adnate, narrow in front, +lurid then rusty umber; s. 4-5 cm. fistulose but with a loose pith, +thin, tough, polished, wavy, glabrous, apex powdery; sp. 12 × 6. + +=subtemulenta=, Lamb. P. campan. then convex, slightly umb. striate, +hygr. brown ochre when wet, tan when dry; g. crowded, narrow, almost +free, colour of p.; s. slender, colour of p. thickened towards base and +dark rusty. + +=latissima=, Cke. P. 1.5-3 cm. subglobose, edge at first incurved, deep +chestnut brown; g. adnexed, very broad, tawny umber; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed +downwards into a rooting base, dark brown below, pale above; sp. ----. + +Differs from _N. glandiformis_ in tapering, rooting s. + +[=heliophila=, Fr. P. convex, umb. convex, dry, golden tawny, shining; +g. adnate, closely crowded, plane, pallid; s. not polished, with +scattered black points. + +=reducta=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, hygr. striate to middle, membranaceous, +rather olive or brownish honey-colour; g. dingy yellow then rusty; s. +narrowed upwards, tough amber-brown, apex paler, pruinose. + + C. LEPIDOTI. (Naucoria typical.) _Pileus flocculose or squamulose. + Veil evident. Spores rusty._ + + * _Scales of pileus superficial, disappearing._ + +=porriginosa=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex, exp. obtuse, viscid, tawny then +pale, with scattered superficial saffron flecks; g. adnate, +yellow-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. equal, silky, pallid. + +[=lapponica=, Laest. P. convex, umb. then plane, viscid, rufous brown, +discoid, with scattered yellow pilose scales; g. serrulate, white then +brown; s. elongated, cuticle separating. + +=sobria=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convexo-plane, rather viscid and silky, +yellowish, veil pruinose, fugacious; g. adnate, crowded, broad, saffron +then pallid, edge pale; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, base brownish, +white-floccose; sp. 14-16 × 10. + +var. _dispersa_, B. and Br. P. 0.5-1 cm. convex, ochre, punctulate, edge +scurfy; s. scurfy, ring append.; g. pallid, edge white. + + ** _Pileus innately squamulose._ + +=erinacea=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. dry, convex, subumbil. squamulose with +fascicles of hairs, rusty-umber; g. adnate, quite entire; s. 1-1.5 cm. +incurved, hairy, colour of p.; sp. 9-15 × 6-7. + +Dry as in _Marasmius_. Differs from _N. siparia_ in entire edge of g. +and stem squamulose throughout. + +=siparia=, Weinm. P. 1-2 cm. plane, obtuse, woolly-scaly, reddish rusty; +g. broad, edge floccose; s. 1.5-2 cm. squamulose, apex glabrous; sp. +8-10 × 4-5. + +=conspersa=, Pers. P. 1-1.5 cm. fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse, hygr. +soon broken up into scurfy squamules, cinnamon bay then ochre; g. +adnate, crowded; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, apex scurfy-squamulose, colour +of p.; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +=escharoides=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-convex, exp. obtuse +scurfy-squamulose, whitish tan disc becoming darker; g. lax, ventricose; +s. 2-3 cm. wavy, adpressedly fibrillose pale then darker; s. 14 × 7. + +[=suavis=, Bres. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. P. campan. exp. umb. +brownish, centre lurid tawny then pale, squamulose; g. crowded, pallid +then tawny brown; s. equal, fuscous; sp. 9-10 × 4.5-5. + +[=limbata=, Bull. P. exp. obtuse, even then concentrically floccosely +squamulose, ochraceous-tan, edge striate then split; g. free, ochre-tan; +s. fistulose, glabrous, white then yellowish; sp. 6-9 × 4-6. + +var. _sublimbata_. Differs in solid s. which like p. is brick-red then +pale; g. rusty. + +[=Weislandri=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, tawny, cuticle cracked into +areolae, hence the surface is crowded with minute dark wart-like +papillae; g. adnate, broad, dark rust; s. filiform, almost naked, +blackish. + + *** _Pileus destitute of scales, silky or atomate._ + +[=segestria=, Fr. P. soft, convex, exp. or depr. silky, hygr. tan then +pale; g. adnate, crowded, narrow; s. soft, tough, fibrillose, pallid; +sp. 9-10 × 6. + +[=pannosa=, Fr. P. thin, exp. fuscescent, silky with white hairs; g. +ventricose, distant, pale umber; s. filiform, almost glabrous, pallid. + +[=hibala=, Karst. P. convexo-depr. hygr. surface loose and pannose, +sooty-umber or olive-brown, yellowish-grey when dry; g. adnate, narrow, +crowded, edge grey-flocculose, subdentate; s. base with white down, +pulverulent-velvety with yellowish particles. + +[=bryophila=, Roze and Boud. P. conico-campan. acute umbo blackish, rest +reddish brown, striate; g. almost free, pale rose; s. cylindrical, +almost translucent, brown, curved. + +=carpophila=, Fr. P. 3-6 mm. thin, convex, obtuse, shining with scurfy +particles, yellowish then pallid; g. broad, crenulate, ochre; s. 5-8 cm. +scurfy then naked, pallid. + +=graminicola=, Nees. P. 3-8 mm. convex, papillate, hairy-tomentose, +fuscous then reddish ochre; g. rather distant, ochre then pallid; s. 1 +cm. tough, hairy, brownish; sp. 7 × 4. + +[=pityrodes=, Brig. P. dry, convex, plane, umb. very minutely +downy-squamulose, whitish then rufescent, edge striate, toothed; g. +ventricose, pallid; s. fistulose, tough, scabrid-squamulose, tawny, +strigose below. + +=effugiens=, Q. Very minute. P. thin convexo-plane, diaphanous, ochre, +at length greyish olive and covered with shining crystalline grains; g. +yellowish; s. incurved, mealy. + +=echinospora=, W. G. S. P. at first rather scurfy, moist, hygr. citrin, +greenish marginate then pallid, edge slightly striate; g. citrin; s. +reddish-brown, white squamulose; sp. rough, 7 × 6. + + +GALERA, Fr. + + I. CONOCEPHALI. _Pileus conico-campanulate, hygr. almost even, + atomate when dry; stem straight, gills somewhat crowded, + ascending._ + +[=apala=, Weinm. P. campan. equal, obtuse, even, hygr. pallid livid, +white when dry; g. almost free, whitish then ochre; s. tall, fragile, +narrowed upwards, white-velvety; sp. 12-14 × 7-8. + +var. _sphaerobasis_, Post. P. campan. even; s. shorter, glabrous, base +spherical. + +=lateritia=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. high, nut-shaped then conical, even, hygr. +gilvous then ochre, edge densely striate when moist; g. very narrow, +tawny-rust; s. 6-9 cm. fragile, narrowed upwards, white-pruinose; sp. +11-12 × 5-6. + +Differs from _G. ovalis_ by narrow, ascending g. + +=tenera=, Schaeff. P. 1-2 cm. high, conico-campan. obtuse, hygr. pale +yellowish rusty, pale and rather atomate when dry; g. adnate, crowded, +rather broad, cinnamon; s. 6-9 cm. straight, fragile, rather shining, +colour of p.; sp. 12-13 × 7. + +var. _pilosella_, Pers. P. and s. covered with short erect pubescence +when moist. + +[=flexipes=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, rusty and slightly pellucidly +striate, ochraceous when dry; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid then rusty, +edge crenulate; s. equal, fistulose, wavy, pallid then rusty, +white-fibrillose, apex white-pruinose; sp. 10-12 × 5-6. + +[=pubescens=, Gillet. P. conical, reticulately wrinkled, atomate, very +minutely pubescent, brown or ochre, hygr.; g. narrow, veined at base, +rusty; s. tall, rigid, coarsely longitudinally striate above, finely +pubescent, paler than p. + +=siliginea=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. globose, then campan. finally exp. +unequal, even, greyish, not becoming pale; g. adnate, ochre; s. 4-7 cm. +rather wavy, equal, pallid, rather pruinose; sp. 11-13 × 5-7. + +=campanulata=, Mass. Smell strong. P. 1-2 cm. persistently campan. +subacute, even, hygr. deep cinnamon, whitish, atomate and rather +rugulose when dry; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. wavy, pallid; +sp. 12 × 7. + +=ovalis=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, ovato-campan. even, hygr. dark rusty, +yellowish when dry; g. nearly free, ventricose, very broad, rusty; s. +6-9 cm. straight, equal, slightly striate, colour of p. hollow; sp. 10 × +6. + +Veil sometimes subannulate. + +[=rabenhorstii=, Fr. P. acutely conical then exp. umbil. pellucidly +striate, olive; g. lanceolate, white then rufous-brown; s. fibrously +striate, brownish-white, base thickened, somewhat floccosely rooting. + +=antipoda=, Lasch. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan.-convex, even, ochre, whitish +and atomate when dry; s. 2-3 cm. striate, mealy, base bulbous and +fusiformly rooting; g. almost free, crowded, yellowish-ochre; sp. 15-16 +× 8. + +=conferta=, Bolt. P. 1-2 cm. acutely conico-campan. striate, glabrous, +hygr. fuscous, fuscous ochre when dry; g. slightly adnexed, white then +brownish ochre; s. 2-4 cm. silky, shining, naked, with an equal very +long rooting base; sp. ----. + +Densely crowded, very fragile. + +=spicula=, Lasch. P. conico-campan. striate when moist, brown-ochre, +flocculose when dry; g. adnate; s. straight, slender, white-floccose, +base thickened, fibrillose. + +=spartea=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-convex, exp. obtuse, hygr. even when +dry, glabrous, cinnamon then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. rigid, +flexile, glabrous; sp. ----. + +Resembling _G. tener_ but smaller, and s. not straight. + +=pygmaeo-affinis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. exp. dry, not striate, +slightly wrinkled, honey-tan; g. thin, crowded, very narrow, +rusty-ochre; s. 4-6 cm. equal, shining white; sp. ----. + +Fries says this is possibly a tall form of _Naucoria pygmaea_. + + II. BRYOGENI. _Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, striate, + glabrous, hygr. even, opaque and rather silky when dry; stem + slender, lax, flexile; gills broadly and abruptly adnate, broad, + somewhat denticulate._ + +=vittaeformis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-campan. papillate, striate, +somewhat bay; g. adnate, ascending; s. 3-7 cm. equal, flexile, even, +reddish; sp. 12 × 6. + +=rubiginosa=, Fr. P. 0.5-1 cm. campan. obtuse, everywhere deeply +striate, hygr. cinnamon or honey-colour, tan when dry; g. distant, +broad, opaque; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, reddish; sp. 10 × 5. + +=hypnorum=, Batsch. P. 0.5-1 cm. campan. subpapillate, glabrous, +striate, hygr. ochre or tawny-ochre then pale; g. broad, lax; s. 3-4 cm. +wavy, colour of p. apex pruinose; sp. 10 × 6. + +var. _bryorum_, Pers. Larger, watery cinnamon, papilla somewhat horny; +sp. 10 × 6. + +var. _sphagnorum_, Pers. Two to three times larger than type, +yellowish-ochre; s. elongated, subfibrillose, tawny. + +[=hypnicola=, Karst. P. conico-campan. obtuse, disc gibbous, deeply +lineato-striate, livid fuscous, soon paler; g. crowded; s. equal, lax, +flaccid, silky flocculose from veil, soon glabrous, pallid; sp. 10-12 × +7. + +=mniophila=, Lasch. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan. subpapillate, striate, brownish +yellow; g. broad, yellowish-ochre; s. 4-7 cm. equal, flexile, yellow, +apex mealy; sp. 14 × 6. + +=minuta=, Q. P. 3-5 mm. campan. striate, pale tawny bistre; g. arcuate, +as broad as long; s. 1-2 cm. hair-like, tawny, shining, woolly and white +at base; sp. 6 × 4. + +[=aquatilis=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, subpapillate, glabrous, watery, +edge striate, pallid honey-colour or hyaline, then whitish; g. distant, +triquetrous, pallid; s. very long, slender, even, very glabrous, pallid; +sp. 10-14 × 6. + +[=tenuissima=, Weinm. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, slightly striate, +tinged olive; g. crowded, cinnamon; s. very slender, flexile, glabrous, +cinnamon; sp. 10-13 long. + + III. ERIODERMI. _Pileus submembranaceous; veil evident, + superficial, deciduous; at first--especially near the edge--silky + or squamulose._ + +=pityria=, Fr. P. campan. exp. glabrous, viscid, lurid, tan when dry, +fugacious veil append.; g. slightly adnexed, crowded, rusty; s. +fistulose, firm, glabrous, silvery, apex with white meal. + +=ravida=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. campan. then hemispher. even when moist, +greyish, dingy ochre when dry, edge at first toothed with white veil; g. +nearly free, gilvous; s. 2-3 cm. fibrilloso-striate, pallid, silvery; +sp. 8-10 × 4. + +=mycenopsis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan. exp. disc even, striate to middle, +at first silky-white near edge, ochre then pale; g. white then ochre; s. +6-9 cm. attenuated, white, silky; sp. 9-12 × 5-6. + +[=morchelloides=, De Brond. P. conoid, obtuse, subgibbous, with +anastomosing wrinkles, edge wavy, tawny ochre; g. whitish then fuscous; +s. equal, squamulose, rufous. + +[=vestita=, Fr. P. campan. striate, tawny yellow when moist, ochre when +dry, edge fimbriately toothed with the veil; g. adnate, yellow then +ochre; s. rigid, pulverulent, yellowish; sp. 10 × 4-5. + +[=Sahleri=, Q. Minute. P. conical, acute, striate, chestnut tawny, +honey-colour when dry, deciduous silky fibrils at margin; g. adnate, +tawny ochre; s. fibrillose, shining; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + + +TUBARIA, W. G. Sm. + + I. GENUINI. _Spores rusty._ + +=cupularis=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, even, glabrous, +rufescent then yellowish, hygr.; g. decur. crowded, tawny; s. 4-7 cm. +fistulose, naked, narrowed upwards, whitish; sp. 6 × 3. + +=furfuracea=, Pers. P. 1.5-5 cm. convex then plane and at length umbil. +yellowish-cinnamon, hygr. hoary with the silky-squamulose veil, +especially near edge; g. adnato-decur. rather distant, cinnamon; s. 2-5 +cm. fistulose, flocculose, rigid, pallid; sp. 10 × 6. + +var. _heterosticha_, Fr. P. subumb. depr. cinnamon, ochre then pallid +when dry; s. almost naked. + +var. _trigonophylla_, Fr. Small, becoming pale; g. very broad, +triangular, more distant, ochre with a tawny tinge. + +=anthrocophila=, Karst. P. convex, exp. wavy, dry, rusty-cinnamon pale +when dry, with concentric white deciduous flecks near edge; g. adnate, +dentate; s. wavy, often compr. pallid rusty, white-fibrillose; sp. 6-7.5 +× 3-5. + +Close to _T. furfuracea_. + +=paludosa=, Fr. 0.5-1.5 cm. P. conic then convex, umb. not striate, +yellowish fuscous, with silky pallid superficial flecks; g. decur. very +broad behind, crowded, watery ochre; s. 6-9 cm. slender, elongated, +flexuous, floccose, ochre or pale citrin; sp. 10 × 4. + +=stagnina=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, rather viscid +and striate when moist, rusty bay, even and pale ochre when dry, with +white concentric floccose scales near edge; g. decur. very broad, ochre +then rusty; s. 7-15 cm. reddish bay; sp. 10 × 5. + +P. sometimes depr. and umbil. + +[=vestita=, Q. P. 1-2 cm. thin, campan. creamy ochre, edge with a white +dentate fringe formed by the torn ring; g. yellow, then fawn with a +cream edge; s. fistulose, slender, mealy, creamy white; ring membranous, +thin, white, caducous; sp. 10 long. + +=pellucida=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. conical then campan. umb. cinnamon, hygr. +silky-squamulose near the striate edge; g. subdecur. very broad behind, +triangular, paler than p.; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed upwards, shining, pale, +apex mealy; sp. ----. + +=muscorum=, Pers. P. 0.5-1 cm. convex, centre becoming depr. striate, +glabrous, yellow-fuscous; g. subdecur. paler; s. short, base thickened, +colour of p.; sp. 6-8 × 4. + +=embola=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan. then convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, +glabrous, yellowish tawny, hygr.; g. very broad behind, triangular, +thick, distant; s. 3-5 cm. thickened upwards, glabrous, shining yellow +when dry; sp. 10 × 4-6. + +Differs from _Omph. umbellifera_ in glabrous finely striate p. and s. +thickened upwards. + +[=viscidula=, Karst. P. campan. striate, viscid, somewhat ochre; g. +adnate, distant, white then rusty; s. equal, rusty, paler upwards, +white-flocculose; sp. 6-7 × 3-6. + +=autochthona=, B. and Br. P. 0.5-1 cm. hemispher. obtuse, pale ochre, +silky, edge flocculose; g. adnate with decur. tooth, honey-colour; s. +2-3 cm. wavy or curved, thickened above and below, base woolly; sp. 8 × +4. + +Differs from _T. furfuracea_ in the p. not becoming pale, and sp. paler. + + II. PHAEOTI. _Spores fuscous-rusty._ + +=crobula=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then plane, obtuse, not striate, rather +viscid, covered with deciduous floccose subsquarrose scales, then naked, +greyish tan; g. subdecur. crowded; s. 2-3.5 cm. tough, fuscous, densely +covered with white floccose scales; sp. 10 × 6. + +Almost a large-sized _T. inquilina_ with the veil of _A. furfuracea_, +but evidently annulate. + +=inquilina=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, rather viscid, +striate when moist, hygr. tawny or hoary-tan; g. subdecur. rather +distant, triangular, tan then brownish umber; s. 2-3 cm. tough, bay, +white-fibrillose; sp. 8 × 4. + +Close to _T. crobula_, differs in glabrous p., striate when moist, and +nearly glabrous s. + +var. _ecbola_, Fr. P. tan; s. rooting; g. crowded, rusty. + +[=caricicola=, P. Henn. P. thin, convex, depr. centre brownish, even, +glabrous, yellowish-brown, silky when dry; g. shortly decur. rusty; s. +slender, curved, brown, base darker; sp. 8-10 × 3.5-4.5. + + +FLAMMULA, Fr. + + I. GYMNOTI. _Veil absent; pileus dry, often squamulose_. + +=gymnopodia=, Bull. Rusty brown. P. 4-7 cm. fleshy, campan.-convex, +squamulose; g. deeply decur. arcuate, crowded, rusty; s. 3-6 cm. solid, +almost glabrous, equal; sp. ----. + +=Aldridgei=, Mass. P. 2-5 cm. convex then infundib. edge incurved, dry, +orange brick-red, minutely velvety; g. deeply decur. rusty orange; s. +6-9 cm. wavy, smooth, colour of p.; sp. 16 × 5. + +=vinosa=, Bull. P. 2-4 cm. exp. then depr. rusty fawn-colour; g. decur. +crowded, narrow, rusty; s. 2-3 cm. solid, firm, base rather thickened, +minutely flocculose; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=Tamii=, Fr. P. convex, dry, floccosely silky, dusky yellow, with tinge +of brown; g. adnate, orange tawny; s. solid, silky fibrillose, equal, +yellowish rufous. + +[=abrupta=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, disc becoming depr. obsoletely umb. +glabrous, shining tawny; g. adnate with decur. tooth, pallid then tawny; +s. fibrillose, tawny yellow; sp. 5-7 × 3-5. + +=floccifera=, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 4-5 cm. convex, exp. tawny, +white-fibrillose, somewhat zoned when dry; g. adnate, wrinkled, rusty, +edge white; s. 3 cm. narrowed downwards, scurfy at apex, white and +silky-squamulose below; sp. ----. + +[=muricella=, Fr. P. convex then plane, tawny, covered everywhere with +suberect darker erect innate squamules; g. adnate, crowded, dingy +yellow; s. solid, equal, glabrous, pallid. + +=decipiens=, W. G. Sm. P. 2-3 cm. deep clear brown then pale, convex, +obtuse or umb. dry, minutely scaly, flesh yellow; g. decur. +orange-brown; s. 3-4 cm. narrowed downwards, tawny, striate; sp. 6-7 × +4. + +Differs from _F. carbonaria_ in decur. bright g. + +=clitopila=, Cke. and Sm. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. depr. and umbil. +smooth, dry, purplish brown; g. dingy yellowish; s. 4-5 cm. ventricose, +smoky brown, hollow; sp. 10 × 4-5. + + II. LUBRICI. _Pileus covered with a viscid, continuous, partly + separable cuticle; veil evident, fibrillose._ + +=lenta=, Pers. P. 4-7 cm. convexo-plane, even, viscid, livid or tan, at +first with scattered scales; g. adnate, whitish then tan; s. 4-5 cm. +equal, scaly; sp. 10 × 4. (6-7 × 3-4 Sacc.) + +Sometimes entirely whitish; p. glutinous when moist. + +Stevenson considers the present and _Hebeloma glutinosum_ to be +identical. + +=lubrica=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. plane, even, viscid, cinnamon or tawny or +pallid and disc tawny and spotted with squamules; g. adnate, broad, tan; +s. 5-12 cm. somewhat narrowed, fibrillose, whitish, apex striate; sp. 8 +× 4. + +=lupina=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. and depr. even, viscid; g. adnato-decur. +broad, pallid tan; s. 2-3 cm. short, firm, unequal, with rusty tinged +adpressed fibrils, apex white; sp. 8 × 4. + +There are two forms: A. Smell strong, pungent, p. fuscous then tan; s. +becoming rusty. B. Milder, p. tawny; s. and g. yellowish. + +=mixta=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. convexo-plane, viscid, crust-colour, disc +darker, rugulose; g. subdecur. crowded; s. 3-7 cm. hollow, pallid, +fusco-fibrillose, rufous-scaly below; sp. 10 × 5. + +=juncina=, W. G. Sm. P. 3-4 cm. hemispher. exp. even, glabrous, +sulphur, disc brown; g. decur. sulphur then reddish brown; s. 8-10 cm. +tapering downwards, sulphur, base tawny; sp. ----. + +=decussata=, Fr. P. plane, obscurely umb. viscid, virgate with innate +radiating fibrils, crust-colour; g. adnate, crowded, narrow, yellowish +then tan; s. tawny. + +=gummosa=, Lasch. P. 3-6 cm. plane, floccosely scaly then even, viscid, +yellow or greenish; g. adnate, crowded, yellow then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. +silky fibrillose, base reddish; sp. ----. + +=spumosa=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, viscid, yellowish; g. adnate, +yellow then rusty; s. 4-9 cm. equal, slender, fibrillose, yellowish; sp. +9 × 5. + +[=Henningsii=, Bres. P. convex, exp. greenish-yellow or citrin, centre +tinged fuscous, with disappearing brownish squamules; g. sinuato-adnate, +crowded, yellow then tawny cinnamon; s. fibrillosely squamulose then +almost glabrous, tawny-yellow; sp. 8-9 × 5.5. + +[=carbonaria=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. almost plane, even, viscid, somewhat +tawny, flesh yellow; g. adnate, tan becoming fuscescent; s. 3-7 cm. +rigid, squamulose, pallid; sp. 10-11 × 5-6. + + III. UDI. _Cuticle of pileus continuous, not distinct or separable, + glabrous_ (frequently with superficial down), _moist or slightly + viscid in rainy weather. Veil evident, appendiculate._ Spores not + tawny nor ochre. Allied to _Pholiota_, caespitose, growing on wood. + +=fusus=, Batsch. P. 4-8 cm. compact, convexo-exp. even, rather viscid, +reddish tan, flesh yellowish, veil append.; g. subdecur. yellowish then +rusty; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, base narrowed, colour of p. +rooting; sp. 10 × 4. + +var. _superba_, Mass. P. 8-12 cm. deep orange; s. pale orange; g. +narrow, bright yellow. + +=filia=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. glabrous, moist in rainy weather but not +viscid, pale reddish yellow; g. adnate, arcuate, tawny yellow; s. 8-14 +cm. glabrous, pale yellow, hollow; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=cortinata=, D. C. Caespitose. P. convex, glabrous, discoid, veil +append.; g. adnate, rusty; s. hollow, unequal, squamulose, white. + +var. _cortinella_, Dub. P. ovoid-convex, yellow or greyish-yellow; g. +whitish then rufous-lilac, at length vinous. + +=astragalina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. discoid, at first superficially silky +near edge, saffron blood-red, flesh same; g. adnate, crowded, pale +yellow then rusty; s. 3-9 cm. wavy, fibrillosely scaly, pallid; sp. 10 +long. + +=alnicola=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. moist, even, at first subfibrillosely +scaly then nearly glabrous, yellow then rusty, rarely greenish; g. +broad, pallid then rusty; s. 4-9 cm. partly hollow, narrowed to a +rooting base, fibrillose, yellow then rusty; sp. 9 × 4. + +=flavida=, Schaeff. P. 3-7 cm. exp. equal; glabrous, moist, yellow; g. +yellow then rusty; s. 5-9 cm. yellow then rusty; 6-8 × 5. + +=inaurata=, W. G. Sm. Sulphur yellow. P. 2-3 cm. moist, smooth, with a +distinct veil; g. adnate with a decur. tooth; s. 2-3 cm. with innate +scales; sp. ----. + +=conissans=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. thin, exp. equal, moist, glabrous, yellowish +tan; g. crowded, pallid then dingy tan; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, silky +fibrillose, pallid; sp. 8 × 4. + +Habit of _Hypholoma fasciculare_. + +=inopoda=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, honey-coloured tan; g. +linear, yellowish white then pallid; s. 7-14 cm. slender, wavy, +adpressedly fibrillose, at length reddish below; sp. 10 × 6. + +=apicrea=, Fr. 3-7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, moist, tan or dingy orange, +disc tawny; g. crowded, shining rusty; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, equal, not +rooting, pallid, base with rusty fibrils; sp. 7 × 3. + +Differs from _F. alnicola_ in unchangeable gills, flesh hygr.; p. +clay-colour, disc tawny becoming pale, smell sweet. + +[=austera=, Fr. P. campan.-convex exp. obtuse, moist, discoid, +fibrillose then glabrous, hygr. honey-colour, disc tawny; g. subdecur. +always cinnamon; s. hollow, equal, not rooting, silky fibrillose, +whitish. + +[=azyma=, Bull. P. convex-exp. obtuse, moist, even, hygr. pale rusty, +flocculose and rimosely squamulose when dry; g. adnate, gilvous, edge +whitish; s. fibrillosely cortinate, pallid; sp. 10 long. + + IV. SAPINEI. Pileus hardly pelliculose (flesh cracking or torn into + squamules towards disc), not viscid. _Veil_ adpressedly fibrillose + to the stem, _not appendiculato-cortinate, almost none, or forming + a zone on stem_. Known more especially by yellowish or tawny yellow + gills and ochre or tawny spores. Subcaespitose, always growing on + pines or on pine branches etc. on the ground. + +[=stabilis=, Weinm. P. compact, exp. even, glabrous, ochre, gibbous disc +darker; g. whitish then tawny cinnamon; s. stout, rigid, whitish with +ochre fibrils. + +=penetrans=, Fr. P. exp. dry, almost glabrous, golden or orange tawny; +g. yellowish-white spotted tawny; s. silky then striate, pallid, very +fugacious flocculose veil white; sp. 8-9 × 4-5. + +=hybrida=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, glabrous, even, moist, +tawny cinnamon then tawny orange; g. adnate, pale yellow then tawny; s. +4-7 cm. narrowed upwards, tawny, whitish cortinate and cingulate; sp. +7-8 × 4-5. + +[=harmoge=, Fr. P. campan. adpressedly squamulose, rather viscid, disc +fleshy, verdigris green, rest lilac or pinkish; g. adnate, broad, +sulphur then tawny-saffron; s. colour of p. veil floccosely radiating. + +=sapinea=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. very obtuse, minutely flocculosely +squamulose then rimosely broken up, golden tawny; g. adnate, broad, +golden then tawny cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. deformed, thick, grooved, +rooting, yellowish; sp. 8 × 5. + +[=Studeriana=, Fayod. P. convex then exp. edge acute, deep orange, +covered with deciduous, purple-brown radiating silky fibrils; g. +adnexed, brownish-tan, not spotted; s. cylindrical, fibrillose and +coloured like p.; sp. rough, 8 × 4-5. + +=liquiritiae=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. splitting, convexo-plane, subumb. +glabrous, moist, edge at length slightly striate, tawny orange; g. +broad, golden then tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fibrous, striate, +silky and white then tawny-rusty; sp. ----. + +=picrea=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. cracking, convexo-exp. even, glabrous, rufous- +or bay-cinnamon then tawny; g. crowded, narrow, yellow then rusty; s. +4-7 cm. fistulose, thin, somewhat umber, narrowed upwards, pulverulent +at first; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +=nitens=, Cke. and Mass. Caespitose. P. 3-5 cm. hemispher. obtuse, +shining, persistently purple brown; g. pallid then umber; s. 4-7 cm. +fibrillose, pale pinkish brown, solid; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +[=limulata=, Fr. P. convex then irreg. densely papillosely-rivulose with +innate flecks, tawny; g. crowded, yellow then cinnamon; s. thin, +fibrillose, rather downy, fuscescent; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + + V. SERICELLI. _Cortinate, cuticle of pileus rather silky, dry or + viscid at first._ + +[=Agardhii=, Fr. P. convex then exp. obtuse, dry, fibrillosely silky, +almost even, tawny-rusty; g. adnato-decur. crowded, tan then +brown-rusty, edge paler, crenulate; s. equal, wavy, fibrillosely +cortinate. + +=ochrochlora=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-exp. obtusely umb. +dry, rather silky, subsquamulose, greenish straw-colour; g. adnate, +crowded, greenish-white then olive; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, scaly and +white-floccose, wavy, base and inside rusty; sp. 8 × 4. + +Resembling _Hypholoma fasciculare_, differing in rusty sp. + +=helomorpha=, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. gibbous, unequal, viscid, +silky when dry, edge naked; g. adnato-decur. crowded, white then tan; s. +2-3 cm. solid, unequal, curved, even, almost glabrous; sp. 10 × 6. + +=scamba=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. floccosely downy, viscid in damp +weather, white then tinged tan; g. subdecur. yellowish tan; s. 3-4 cm. +short, incurved, flocculosely cortinate, white, base narrowed; sp. 10-12 +× 5-6. + + _Introduced species._ + +=filicea=, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-exp. or slightly depr. squamulosely +fibrillose, deep yellow disc tawny, veil reddish, append.; g. adnate, +sulphur then tawny; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, sulphur, base tawny; sp. 8 × 5. + +=purpurata=, Cke. and Mass. P. 3-4 cm. exp. obtusely umb. purple or +purple-brown, squamulose, dry; g. adnate, yellow then rusty; s. 3-4 cm. +incurved, purplish and granulose below; sp. 8 × 5. + + +CORTINARIUS, Fr. + + _Key to the Subgenera._ + +I. =Phlegmacium=. Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid; +stem firm, dry. p. 177. + +II. =Myxacium=. Universal veil glutinous, hence the pileus and scarcely +bulbous stem are viscid. Pileus rather thin; gills adnate or decurrent. +p. 183. + +III. =Inoloma=. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose +or innately silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, +subbulbous. p. 185. + +IV. =Dermocybe=. Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy +or subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygrophanous. p. +188. + +V. =Telamonia=. Pileus hygrophanous, at first glabrous or with whitish +superficial fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so, +splitting. Universal veil peronate, or forming a ring low down on the +stem, apex somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is double. p. 191. + +VI. =Hydrocybe=. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white +fibrils, not viscid but moist when growing, losing the deep colour and +becoming pale when dry, flesh very thin, splitting, disc rarely thicker. +Stem rather rigid, not peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely +collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem. p. 196. + + I. PHLEGMACIUM. + _Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid. Stem firm, + dry._ + + * CLIDUCHII. _Partial veil superior, forming a pendulous ring round + the apex of the subequal or clavate stem._ + + + _Gills pallid then tan._ + +=triumphans=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex then exp. even, yellow, at first +with a few adpr. darker scales; g. emarginate, crowded, quite entire; s. +7-14 cm. solid, clavate, with several concentric squamulose tawny rings; +sp. 12-14 × 5-6. + +[=crocolitus=, Q. P. disc, with saffron squamules; g. white, lilac, then +tan; s. squamulose, ring thin, yellowish-white. + +=claricolor=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. firm, exp. glabrous, shining when dry, +yellow, often cracked into scales; g. subadnexed, crowded, serrate, +greyish white then pallid; s. solid, at first floccoso-squamulose from +white veil; sp. 11-12 × 6-7. + +=turmalis=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, discoid, dingy +yellow; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, subserrate, tan; s. 7-12 cm. +cylindric, white, at first woolly-peronate; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +=crassus=, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. flesh thick, plano-depr. dingy yellow, disc +glabrous, rest fibrilloso-strigose; g. crowded, quite entire, tan; s. +6-9 cm. stout, fibrillose, white, apex mealy; sp. 15 × 7. + +=balteatus=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. exp. compact, soon dry and broken up into +flecks, tawny, edge violet or bluish; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, +entire, whitish; s. at first peronato-tomentose, white, apex velvety; +sp. ----. + +=sebaceus=, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. incurved then exp. rather wavy, pallid, +white-pruinose; g. emarg. not crowded, tan; s. 6-10 cm. solid, equal, +fibrillose, pallid; sp. 9 × 7. + +=lustratus=, Fr. Wholly whitish. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, edge +fibrillose, cortinate; g. closely crowded; s. 3-5 cm. solid, nearly +equal; sp. ----. + +Resembling _Entol. prunuloides_, but sp. ochre. + + ++ _Gills violet or purplish, then cinnamon._ + +=varius=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. compact, discoid, edge glabrous, flesh white, +rusty; g. crowded, entire, purplish then cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. conical, +adpr. flocculose, whitish; sp. ----. + +=cyanopus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. even, glabrous, bay or tawny, flesh +whitish; g. adnato-emarg. broad, violet then pale; s. 4-5 cm. violet +then whitish, bulb depressed, oblique; sp. ----. + +=variicolor=, Fr. P. 8-11 cm. compact, discoid, tomentose edge violet, +rest bay; g. decur.-emarginate, bluish then tan; s. 8-11 cm. villose at +first blue then whitish; sp. 9-10 × 5. Flesh bluish then pallid. + +var. _nemorensis_, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. yellowish-bay, edge at first bluish; +s. clavate, 7 cm. apex hollow, mealy; g. rotundato-subdecur. + +=largus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. exp. wavy, subgibbous, tan or reddish, flesh +grey then white; g. broad, crowded, entire, grey then cinnamon; s. 8-12 +cm. solid, fibrillose, curved, violet then white; sp. 12-14 × 7. + +[=spadiceus=, Fr. P. exp. smoky bay, pellicle separable; g. blue then +brownish-tan; s. fibrilloso-striate, pallid. + +[=pelmatosporus=, C. Mart. P. subglobose then campan. or convex, brown +or chestnut, centre darker, edge sulcate, incurved then exp. white +fibrillose veil persistent; s. stuffed, stout, apex white, violet below, +bulb submarginate, yellow; g. sinuate, adnexed; sp. very large. + +=Riederi=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. then exp. glutinous, ochre, shining +when dry; g. adnate, eroded, violet then cinnamon; s. clavate, silky +lilac, tawny fibrillose, 6-9 cm.; sp. 12 × 5. + + +++ _Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous (not whitish violet at + first)._ + +[=percomis=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, very glabrous, gilvous; g. +sulphur yellow then tan, broad; s. clavate, sulphur inside. + +[=vitellinopes=, Secr. P. exp. depr. edge of margin upturned, discoid, +glabrous, egg-yellow; g. rusty cinnamon; s. solid, rather wavy, white +above ring, fibrillose and yellow below. + +=saginus=, Fr. P. 8-11 cm. plano-convex, unequal, glabrous, yellow; g. +decur. broad, eroded, pallid then cinnamon; s. 7 cm. somewhat bulbous, +yellowish, apex naked; sp. ----. + +[=cliduchus=, Fr. P. depr. shining, discoid, bright yellow; g. serrate, +rusty-cinnamon; s. slightly curved, fibrillose, yellow. + +=russus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convexo-plane, silky fibrillose near edge, +coppery; g. adnate, broad, connected by veins, rusty; s. 6-7 cm. +attenuated, pallid, fibrillose; sp. 8-10 × 5. + + ++++ _Gills olive._ + +[=cephalixus=, Fr. P. plane, rather wavy, olive, edge yellowish, disc +with brown granules; g. adnexed, thin, eroded, white then rusty olive; +s. clavate, brownish squamulose below. + +=infractus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. virgate, edge thin, incurved, olive or +yellowish; g. broad, crowded, olive-umber; s. 6-7 cm. ovately bulbous, +tinged olive; sp. 10 × 8. + +=anfractus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. unequal, bent inwards, wavy, olive then +tawny fuliginous; g. crisped, rather distant, sooty-olive then tan; s. +4-6 cm. unequal, apex violet; sp. ----. + +=Berkeleyi=, Cke. P. 7-14 cm. convex then exp. edge incurved, rugulose, +pale, rest brown; g. narrow, cinnamon with olive tinge; s. 8-14 cm. base +bulbous, solid, white; sp. 15-16 × 8-9. + +Whole young fungus enclosed in a white volva, patches of which often +remain on p. + + ** SCAURI. _Bulb depressed or turbinate, marginate, stem fleshy, + fibrous; veil inferior, springing from margin of bulb; pileus + equally fleshy; gills subsinuate._ + + + _Gills whitish then tan or pale cinnamon._ + +=multiformis=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. equal, glabrous, yellow or tawny all +over, flesh white; g. serrate, white then tan; s. 5-9 cm. yellowish +white; sp. 10-12 × 5, rough. + +var. _flavescens_, Cke. Flesh and gills yellow. + +[=rapaceus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, whitish-tan, not becoming +paler; flesh white; g. crowded, entire, white then tan; s. stuffed, +short, white, bulb depr. marginate. + +=napus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. glutinous, edge incurved, tawny; g. rather +distant, crisped, smoky; s. 4-5 cm. equal, white, bulb obconic and +oblique; sp. 10 × 5. + +=allutus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conico-convex, orange yellow, intense yellow +when dry, then pale, edge darker, flesh rufescent; g. adnate, crenulate, +white then rufous; s. 2-3 cm. viscid, white, rufous striate below, +marginately bulbous; sp. ----. + +=talus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex, even, dingy yellow then pale, edge +yellowish olive; g. pale ochre; s. 6-7 cm. cylindric, glabrous, +marginately bulbous, pallid; sp. 8-9 × 4-5. + + ++ _Gills violet, blue, purplish, becoming cinnamon._ + +=glaucopus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. compact, incurved then expanded, rather +wavy, viscid then floccoso-squamulose or fibrillose, olive-bay then +tawny yellow; g. broad; s. 6-8 cm. striate, bluish then yellowish, base +marginate; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +[=pansa=, Fr. P. compact, incurved, wavy, glabrous, spotted with innate +scales, shining, tawny orange, flesh white; g. entire, blue; s. +marginate, yellow. + +[=variegatus=, Bres. P. convex then exp. and umb. edge incurved, rufous +brick-red, white fibrillose then glabrous and yellowish tan; g. closely +crowded; s. fibrillose, whitish then tinged rusty, base narrowed and +somewhat rooting, or marginately bulbous with a clear violet silky basal +zone; sp. 8-10 × 3.5-4. + +=calochrous=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. flesh compact, white; tawny yellow; g. +serrate, bluish-purple; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, yellowish (never blue), +bulb abruptly marginate; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=caerulescens=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then exp. dingy yellow or tan, +flesh blue then pale; g. entire, at first pure deep blue; s. 4-5 cm. +solid, attenuated, naked, bulb marginate blue or violet becoming +whitish; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +=purpurascens=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. exp. rather wavy, glutinous, bay or +reddish, then tawny olive, spotted, flesh everywhere blue; g. blue then +tan, purple when bruised; s. 6-7 cm. fibrillose, deep blue, darker when +bruised, marginate bulb disappearing; sp. 10-12 × 5-6. + +var. _subpurpurascens_, Fr. P. thinner, subvirgate, becoming pale; s. +stuffed, bluish white. + + +++ _Gills rusty, tawny, or yellowish._ + +=dibaphus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convex then exp. purplish, disc yellowish, +variegated with lilac; flesh yellow, violet under the cuticle; g. rusty +purple; s. 6-7 cm. yellow, apex purplish, bulb marginate; sp. 12 × 5. + +var. _xanthophyllus_, Cke. G. for a long time yellow. + +=turbinatus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. orbicular, dingy yellow or greenish, +all one colour, glabrous, becoming pale; g. crowded, entire; s. 4-5 cm. +cylindrical, bulb turbinate, marginate, whitish or tinged yellow; sp. +14-16 × 7, rough. + +=corrosus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, viscid, ferruginous +then pale tan, at length rivulose or subfloccose, opaque when dry, flesh +firm, white; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. white, cortina +fibrillose, apex naked, bulb depr. marginate; sp. ----. + +=fulgens=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. silky-fibrillose, viscid, tawny orange, +flesh becoming spongy and tan; g. emarginate, tawny; s. 5-6 cm. colour +of p. fibrillose and woolly, bulb large, depr. marginate; sp. 9 × 5. + +Stem viscid when young in damp weather. + +[=sulfurinus=, Q. P. convex, sulphur yellow, edge white, disc with +saffron points; g. sulphur then tawny; s. silky, yellowish white. + +=fulmineus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. tawny, edge orange, with adpressed +tawny scales; g. at first pure yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellow, naked, apex +with a white veil, bulb ample, rooting; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +Stem slightly viscid at first. _C. fulgens_ differs in tan-coloured +flesh. + +=elegantior=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge at first incurved, tawny, +flesh yellowish; g. egg-yellow then olive; s. yellowish, marginately +bulbous. + +=orichalceus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. with a viscid pellicle, disc reddish +tawny cracked into patches, edge livid; g. sulphur then greenish; s. 4-7 +cm. fibrillose, yellowish, marginately bulbous; sp. ----. + +=testaceus=, Cke. P. 6-9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. or depr. brick-red then +paler; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. whitish above, tinged rufous below, bulb +submarginate, flesh tinged reddish; sp. 16 × 8, rough. + + ++++ _Gills olivaceous._ + +[=rufoolivaceus=, Pers. P. exp. rufous then paler; g. crowded, olive; s. +green then yellowish, bulb submarginate. + +=prasinus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. dingy bluish-green, spotted as if scaly, +edge incurved; g. rather distant, olive-yellow; s. 4-5 cm. marginately +bulbous, pale olive-green; sp. 10 × 5. + +=atrovirens=, Kalchbr. P. 6-9 cm. convex, dusky-green or dusky-olive, +flesh yellowish green; g. yellow-green then tan; s. 6-7 cm. bulb +marginate, subturbinate, flesh tinged greenish; sp. 10 × 6. + +=scaurus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. equal, exp. smoky-tawny then pale, spotted, +edge thin becoming striate; g. crowded, purplish-olive; s. 6-7 cm. +greenish or bluish, never yellow, narrowed upwards from marginate bulb; +sp. 10 × 5. + +=herpeticus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. olive then dingy tan, flesh violet +then whitish; g. violet-umber then sooty-olive; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose, +pallid, bulb napiform, marginate; sp. 10 × 6. + + *** ELASTICI. _Veil simple, thin, fugacious, median or inferior. + Stem never marginately bulbous or peronate, but elastic, rigid, + externally polished, shining, cartilaginous._ + + + _Gills white then tan or dingy cinnamon._ + +=cumatilis=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, with bluish-violet gluten, disc +brownish; g. adnexed, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, white, veil +forming a volva at base; sp. ----. + +=serarius=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. gibbous, not polished, viscid, opaque, +reddish-tan; g. arcuato-adfixed; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillose, shining, and +like the flesh white; sp. ----. + +=emollitus=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. exp. wavy, slightly fibrillose-virgate, +tawny then ochre and shining; g. white then ochre; s. 3-4 cm. scarcely +bulbous, fibrillose, white as is also the flesh; sp. ----. + +=cristallinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. very glabrous, viscid, shining, +hygr. pallid, edge whitish; g. crowded, tan; s. 5-6 cm. hollow, nearly +equal, white; sp. 8 × 4. + +=decoloratus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. soon dry and flocculose, tan then +pale, often corrugated when old; g. greyish-tan; s. 6-7 cm. base +thickened, fibrillosely-striate, silvery; sp. 7 × 4. + + ++ _Gills violet, purplish or flesh-colour._ + +=decolorans=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. all one colour, yellow; g. dry, +purplish then tan; s. 5-8 cm. narrowed upwards, and like the flesh, +white; sp. 10 × 8. + +=porphyropus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. thin, virgate, ochre, often spotted; +g. rather crowded, thin; s. 5-9 cm. somewhat attenuated, lilac, purplish +when bruised as is also the flesh; sp. 10-12 × 7. + +[=rubropunctatus=, Karst. P. thin, convexo-plane, even, glabrous, +glutinous, yellow; g. adnexed, crowded, white then ochre; s. wavy, +fibrillose, white, apex pruinose red-punctate; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +=croceocoeruleus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. lilac; g. lilac then orange-tan; +s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fragile, white; sp. 8 × 5. + +[=maculosus=, Fr. P. conico-convex then exp. and wavy, whitish spotted +with umber scales; g. pinkish-white, grey then tan; s. squamosely +fibrillose, white. + + +++ _Gills pure ochre, tawny, or rusty._ + +=corruscans=, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. plane, even, glabrous, yellowish ochre +often spotted; g. plano-decur. closely crowded, ochre; s. 7-12 cm. +solid, elastic, white; sp. ----. + +=papulosus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. discoid, soon rivulose, granulato-punctate, +honey-tan, disc darker; g. adnato-decur.; s. 6-7 cm. fibrillose, white; +sp. ----. + +[=intentus=, Fr. P. exp. soft, ochre or tawny; g. adnate, closely +crowded, bright saffron; s. hollow, rigid, fragile, yellowish. + +[=compar=, Fr. P. exp. even, yellowish, edge thin; g. adnate, +rusty-cinnamon; s. fibrillose, apex lilac. + +[=subsimilis=, Fr. P. exp. sooty brown, flesh white; g. adnate, smoky +then tan; s. solid, equal, fibrillose, tawny. + + ++++ _Gills olive or smoky._ + +[=olivascens=, Fr. P. exp. olive then sooty at length pale; g. tan +tinged olive; s. silvery-pallid. Taste very acrid. + + II. MYXACIUM. + _Universal veil glutinous, hence pileus and scarcely bulbous stem + viscid. Pileus rather thin. Gills adnate or decurrent._ + + * COLLINITI. _Stem floccosely peronate, flocci at first covered + with gluten._ + +[=alutipes=, Lasch. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow-brown or bay; g. +adnate, rather distant, tawny cinnamon; s. solid, stout, +peronato-annulate, glutinous. + +=arvinaceus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. edge patent, golden-tawny or +reddish-tan; g. adnato-decur. straw-colour then ochre; s. 10-17 cm. +cylindric, yellowish-white, silky-viscid; sp. ----. + +=collinitus=, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. fleshy, convex and incurved then exp. +even, shining, tawny-orange; g. adnate, greyish tan then cinnamon; s. +7-12 cm. cylindric, floccosely glutinous broken up into transverse +squamules; sp. 12 × 6. + +var. _mucosus_, Fr. Firmer. S. even, silky; g. whitish then rusty. + +[=alpinus=, Boud. P. convex camp. firm, viscid, tawny yellow; s. white, +apex sulcate, ring and below glutinous; g. adnate, broad, cinnamon, edge +paler. Flesh pale ochraceous. + +Differs from _C. collinitus_ and _C. livido-ochraceus_ in very convex p. +and permanently white s. grooved at apex. + +=mucifluus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-exp. smeared with hyaline gluten +that disappears, edge striate livid-tan or yellowish; g. adnate, tan; s. +5-7 cm. narrowed downwards, viscid and floccosely squamulose, white or +tinged violet; sp. 12 × 7. + +=elatior=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. cylindrical then exp. thin except disc, +plicato-rugose, livid yellow then dingy ochre; g. adnate, very broad, +connected by veins; s. 10-16 cm. narrowed to both ends, whitish or +tinged lilac; sp. 12 × 6. + +=grallipes=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. thin, campan. then exp. umb. even, hygr. +rusty then ochre; g. adnato-decur. very broad; s. 9-14 cm. stuffed then +hollow, rather wavy, yellowish; sp. ----. + +Habit of _C. hinnuleus_, but viscid. + +=livido-ochraceus=, B. P. 3-5 cm. very thin, exp. ochre; g. rounded +behind and slightly adnexed, cinnamon; s. 2-3 cm. narrowed at both ends, +whitish; sp. 8-10 × 5-7. + +[=suratus=, Fr. P. convex, equal, yellow, shining, disc depr. brownish, +cracked; g. adnate, violet then dingy flesh-colour; s. solid, rather +bulbous, flexuous, with yellowish scales, apex naked, tinged violet. + + ** DELIBUTI. _Veil entirely viscid, stem not floccosely peronate + but only viscid, shining when dry._ + + + _Gills whitish then tan._ + +=nitidus=, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. exp. or depr. discoid, honey-coloured tan +then pale, disc tan; g. truly and equally attenuato-decur. crowded; s. +5-9 cm. clavate, white, apex with white meal; sp. 10-12 × 8. + +[=emunctus=, Trog. P. campan. convex, pale violet then grey; g. adnate, +subdistant; s. glutinous, pallid, apex naked, white. + +[=liquidus=, Fr. P. exp. even, glutinous, yellowish, silky and whitish +when dry; g. truly decur. distant; s. attenuated, glutinous, white. + + ++ _Gills at first violet, bluish or reddish._ + +=salor=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. gibbous, innately fibrillose, violet; g. +adnate, tan, edge violet; s. 4-7 cm. solid, conically attenuated, +bulbous, glabrous, covered at the apex with the blue glutinous veil; sp. +8-10 × 6. + +[=naevosus=, Fr. P. exp. subdepr. reddish yellow, crowded with minute +spot-like scales; g. emarginate, broad, blue then tan; s. solid, pallid +grey, with yellowish hyaline gluten. + +=delibutus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. obtuse, yellowish with viscid hyaline +gluten; g. adnate, serrulate, pallid blue then rusty; s. 5-9 cm. thin, +attenuated, with whitish gluten; sp. 8 × 4. + +var. _elegans_, Fr. P. and s. quite glabrous, with yellow viscidity, +shining when dry; flesh yellowish white. + +=illibatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. campan.-convex, then exp. and subumb. yellow +disc darker; g. adnato-decur. crowded, rosy then tan; s. 5-7 cm. white, +glabrous, often with reddish spots above; sp. 15-16 × 6-7. + + +++ _Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon._ + +[=epipoleus=, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, hoary-shining; g. decur. edge wavy, +rather distant, tan; s. bulbous, clavate, obsoletely violet, viscid. + +=stillatitius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. subumb. even, smeared at first with +blue gluten, then livid fuscous, finally greyish-white; g. emarginate, +broad; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, very soft, with blue mucus; sp. 8 × 4. + +Somewhat resembling _C. elatior_ but smaller, and veil not floccose. + +=vibratilis=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. thin, almost plane, subgibbous, hygr. +yellow or tawny, golden and shining when dry; g. adnato-decur. crowded; +s. soft, conical, snow-white, glutinous veil fugacious; sp. 8 × 5. + +Habit of _C. armeniacus_ and _C. causticus_. Differs from both in very +soft, snow-white stem, and glutinous veil. + +=pluvius=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. globose, then convex, viscid, hygr. +yellowish tawny, tan and opaque when dry; g. decur. then seceding, white +then ochre; s. 5-6 cm. slender, subequal, soft, white then pallid; sp. +10 × 8. + +[=oliveus=, Q. P. fibrilloso-virgate, viscid, olive green, flesh +yellowish-olive; s. silky, citrin, base clavate; g. reddish amethyst. + + III. INOLOMA. + _Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose or innately + silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, subbulbous._ + + * _Gills at first white or pallid._ + +=opimus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. hard, exp. unequal, dry, with adpressed tan +tomentum, rimoso-rivulose; g. emarginate, white then tan; s. 2.5-3 cm. +hard, stout, pallid, with white fibrils; sp. ----. + +var. _fulvobrunneus_, Fr. P. glabrous then rivulose; g. very broad. + +[=argutus=, Fr. P. conical then exp. subgibbous, silky-fibrillose, +ochraceous; g. adnate; s. solid, ventricose, fibroso-squamose, yellowish +white. + +=turgidus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. atomate then glabrous, whitish tan, +shining, edge at first silky; g. emarginate, crowded, edge entire; s. +4-6 cm. bulbous, rimosely-striate, glabrous, silvery shining; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. argentatus_ in very obtuse p. and entire edge of gills. + +[=praestans=, Cord. P. convex, orbicular, silky-shining, brownish +violet; g. hyaline then grey; s. fibrous inside, solid, whitish, +cylindrical, sometimes wavy, rather bulbous. Esculent. + +=argentatus=, Krombh. P. 6-9 cm. convex, almost glabrous, silvery grey, +shining, disc subgibbous, pallid, near the edge at first silky-lilac; g. +emarginate, crowded, serrate; s. 7-9 cm. stout, white; sp. 8 × 5. + +var. _pinetorum_, Fr. Smaller. At first lilac and silky. + + ** _Gills with veil and stem more or less violet._ + +=violaceus=, L. P. 7-14 cm. very fleshy, dark violet, with downy scales; +g. broad, thick, distant, dark; s. 6-9 cm. bulbous, spongy, downy, +greyish violet; sp. 12-14 × 9-10. + +Dark violet both outside and inside. + +=cyanites=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. obtuse silky, even, pale blue; g. at first +clear blue; s. 7-12 cm. blue, bulbous, with red juice; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +var. _major_, Fr. P. and s. slowly becoming reddish; g. dark blue-grey. + +[=calopus=, Karst. P. convex, exp. even, hoary, silky-lilac near edge at +first, then more or less rusty; g. adnate, at first pale cinnamon, +entire; s. solid, equal, base thickened, usually curved, purple-lilac +then pale, floccosely-scaly then pale; sp. 7-8 × 4-5. + +=muricinus=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. obtuse, rufous violet, edge fibrillose; g. +rather crowded; s. 6-7 cm. bulbous, juiceless, downy, purplish violet; +sp. 8-9 × 4-5. + +Flesh sky-blue then whitish. + +[=cinereo-violaceus=, Fr. P. obtuse, violet then umber, squamulosely +punctate; g. adnate, purple-umber; s. clavato-bulbous, firm, juiceless, +reddish violet then pallid. + +=albo-violaceus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex, silky, at length broadly +gibbous, whitish violet; g. serrulate, greyish violet; s. 4-5 cm. +clavate, whitish violet, with a median ring-like zone; sp. 12 × 5-6. + +=malachius=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. pale lilac then brownish, tan when dry, +white-fibrillose at first; g. crowded, pale purple then rusty; s. 7-10 +cm. bulbous, bluish-peronate; sp. 10-12 × 6-7. + +=camphoratus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 5-8 cm. obtuse, lilac, silky, then +whitish or yellowish, flesh blue; g. clear blue then purplish; s. 7-12 +cm. bulbous, juiceless, bluish from the cortina, inside the base white; +sp. 9 × 6. + +=hircinus=, Fr. Smell strong, foetid. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse or gibbous, with +adpr. silky violet fibrils then pale, disc glabrous becoming rusty; g. +broad, violet then cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. bulbous, juiceless, violet then +pallid, base yellowish inside; sp. ----. + + *** _Gills and veil cinnamon, red or ochre._ + +=traganus=, Fr. Smell strong, foetid. P. 5-7 cm. obtuse, +lilac-fibrillose then pale; g. thick, crenate, at first saffron-ochre; +s. 7-12 cm. bulbous, spongy, tinged violet, inside saffron; sp. 9-10 × +6. + +var. _finitimus_, Weinm. Smell not so foetid as in type; s. yellowish +and mottled inside. + +=tophaceus=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, tawny-ochre, villosely scaly, flesh +white; g. emarginate, tawny cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. villoso-scaly, +yellowish; sp. 10 × 5. + +Entirely ochraceous or yellow. + +var. _redemitus_, Fr. P. slender, at length broadly gibbous, +golden-yellow, with darker adpressed fibrils; s. fibrillosely striate, +base slightly thickened. + +=suillus=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, brick-red then paler, margin silky +then innately squamulose; g. adnate, broad, opaque, tan; s. 7-9 cm. +clavate, spongy, adpressedly woolly below, middle fibrillose, apex +silky, even, violet; sp. ----. + +Gills fragile, connected by veins at base. + +=callisteus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny-yellow, nearly +glabrous, even, innately squamulose, flesh yellowish; g. adnate, +floccosely connected behind; s. 7-11 cm. bulbous, tawny fibrillose; sp. +----. + +=Bulliardi=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, +even, or squamulose, rufescent; g. adnexed, broad, rusty-purplish; s. +4-6 cm. bulbous, short, firm, vermilion fibrillose below, apex whitish; +sp. 8-10 × 6. + +=vinosus=, Cke. P. 5-7 cm. subgl. then exp. vinous red, smooth, even, +shining; g. adnexed, ventricose, rusty tan; s. 5-8 cm. thickened +abruptly into a reddish marginate bulb, pale violet above; sp. 16-18 × +8. + +[=pavonius=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, broken up into broad vermilion +scales; g. violet then cinnamon; s. solid, short, bulbous, with rufous +fibrils. + +=bolaris=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. obsoletely umb. reddish-yellow, +variegated with saffron-red, innate, pilose adpressed scales, then pale; +g. subdecur. crowded; s. 5-7 cm. stuffed then hollow, nearly equal, +scaly, colour of p.; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=craticus=, Fr. P. fleshy, campan.-exp. obtusely umb. covered with +reddish brick-coloured, innate interwoven fibrils; g. crowded; s. solid, +narrowed upwards, glabrous, reddish below, becoming pale, base +tomentose. + + **** _Gills and veil dusky, fuscous, or olive._ + +=pholideus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. fawn, densely squamulose +with blackish fascicles of hairs; g. violet then tan; s. 6-9 cm. with +dusky squarrose squamules up to ring, apex even, violet; sp. 5 × 3-4. + +=sublanatus=, Fr. Smell resembling radishes. P. 6-9 cm. campan.-exp. +umb. brownish tan, with innate pilose squamules; g. olive then +yellowish; s. 6-7 cm. attenuated from a bulbous base, glabrous and +pallid above, squamulose with fuscous down below; sp. 14-16 × 8-9. + +=phrygianus=, Fr. Smell like radishes. P. 5-7 cm. obtuse, honey colour, +hispid with crowded simple black fibrils; g. dingy yellow; s. bulbous, +with a lax reticulation of black fibrils; sp. ----. + +=arenatus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex, gibbous at first, reddish tawny, +granular with floccose squamules; g. yellowish tan; s. 6-7 cm. brownish +squamulose above the middle, apex even, pallid; sp. 7 × 5. + +_C. phrygianus_ differs in blackish squamules of p. and s. and strong +smell of radishes. Both are often tinged olive when young. + +[=melanotus=, Kalchbr. P. convex, yellow, covered with minute, +adpressed, blackish-olive scales, flesh olive-yellow; g. yellowish +cinnamon; s. solid, narrowed upwards, yellowish, with small umber scales +up to ring. + +=penicillatus=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. convex, umb. rusty-brown, densely +floccose with innate scales; g. dusky brown; s. 4-7 cm. slender, equal, +with adpressed rusty-brown scales; sp. 8-9 × 5. + + IV. DERMOCYBE. + _Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or + subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygr._ + + * _Gills at first whitish or pallid._ + +=ochroleucus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. gibbous then obtuse, even, pallid white; +g. crowded becoming ochre-tan; s. 4-7 cm. solid, firm, ventricose, +white; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +=decumbens=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. even, white then yellowish, shining; g. +tan from first; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, clavato-bulbous, ascending, pallid; +sp. ----. + +=riculatus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. gibbous, yellowish, with adpressed +silky bloom, becoming whitish, disc naked; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, +pallid, base thickened. + +=tabularis=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, flocculose then almost glabrous, +brownish tan then pale; g. emarginate; s. 5-7 cm. white, adpressedly +fibrilloso-scaly then almost glabrous; sp. ----. + +[=ochrophyllus=, Fr. P. exp. dry, glabrous, brownish olive then pale; g. +ochre then tan; s. solid, pallid, variegated with darker adpressed +scales. + +=camarus=, Fr. Fragile. P. 5-7 cm. gibbous, hoary brown then pale; g. +subadnate; s. 5-7 cm. partly hollow, equal, curved, inside and outside +white, apex silvery shining; sp. 8-9 × 6-7. + +=diabolicus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. obtuse then gibbous, fuscescent +with a grey bloom, then glabrous and tawny yellow; g. subemarginately +adnexed; s. 6-7 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex grey; sp. 10-12 × 7. + + ** _Gills at first violet then purplish._ + +=caninus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. nearly glabrous, rufous-brick-red, tawny +when dry; g. broad, purple then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. clavately bulbous, +subperonate, pallid, apex violet; sp. 8 × 5-6. + +=myrtillinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. gibbous then flattened, sooty, hoary with +white fibrils; g. rather distant, amethyst-blue then bluish tan; s. 4-5 +cm. bulbous silky, not zoned, whitish; sp. 10 × 5. + +Apex of stem violet; no purple in g. + +=azureus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. silky or atomate shining, hoary lilac; g. +clear blue-violet; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, base +thickened, downy, whitish; sp. 9 × 6. + +=albocyaneus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. hoary silky then glabrous, white then +yellowish; g. broad, crowded, bluish purple then subochre; s. 6-9 cm. +subclavate, naked, whitish; sp. 6-10 × 4-7. + +Differs from _C. anomalus_ in clavate s. and flattened p. + +=anomalus=, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. obtuse then gibbous, sooty-rufous, hoary +fibrillose then glabrous and tawny; g. crowded, bluish-purple then +cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. thin, attenuated, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, +violet then pallid; sp. 8-9 × 7. + +=spilomeus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. gibbous, dry, fuscous then tan; g. +crowded, narrow; s. 4-5 cm. whitish lilac variegated with tawny rufous +scales; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. anomalus_ in scaly stem. + +=lepidopus=, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. exp. gibbous, umber with a tinge of violet +at edge, becoming rufescent; g. adnate, violet then cinnamon; s. 6-9 cm. +narrowed upwards, rather wavy, whitish or tinged lilac, with concentric +darker zones; sp. 9 × 6. + +[=Lebretonii=, Q. P. lilac then fawn; s. lilac, dotted with saffron +flecks. + + *** _Gills shining cinnamon, red, or yellow. Stem and fibrillose + cortina coloured._ + +=miltinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, bay-cinnamon, soon very glabrous and +shining; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, rusty; s. 5-7 cm. equally narrowed +upwards, cinnamon, reddish-fibrillose; sp. 6 × 4. + +=cinnabarinus=, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. Every part +crimson-lake. P. 2-5 cm. obtuse, silky then almost glabrous, shining; g. +adnate, broad, rather distant, darker; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose; sp. 8 × 5. + +Differs from _C. sanguineus_ in stuffed s., radishy smell, and broad +gills with an olive tinge. + +=sanguineus=, Fr. Entirely blood-red. P. 2-5 cm. obtuse, innately silky +or squamulose; g. crowded, broadish; s. 3-5 cm. stuffed then hollow, +thin, equal; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +=anthracinus=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. convex exp. umb. somewhat chestnut; g. +adnate, crowded, scarlet, blood-red when bruised; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillose, +deep blood-red; sp. 7 × 5. + +=cinnamomeus=, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. obtuse, umb. somewhat cinnamon with +yellowish innate fibrils; g. adnate, broad, crowded, shining, yellowish; +s. 4-9 cm. equal, with flesh and veil yellowish; sp. 7-8 × 4-5. + +var. _croceus_, Fr. Smaller. P. subsquamulose, sometimes tinged +olive; g. less crowded, yellowish and sometimes olive, as is also the s. + +var. _semisanguineus_, Fr. G. blood-red or orange-red. + +=uliginosus=, B. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. then exp. strongly umb. +bright red-brown or brick-red, flesh olive-yellow; g. adnate, yellow, +olive, tan; s. 4-9 cm. flexuous, paler than p.; sp. 7 × 4-5. + +=croceoconus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conico-campan. persistently acute, tawny +cinnamon; g. linear, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. slender, flexuous, hollow; sp. +----. + +=orellanus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. obtusely umb. villosely squamulose or +fibrillose orange-tawny, flesh reddish; g. adfixed, broad; s. 3-5 cm. +solid, fibrillosely striate, tawny; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +Differs from _C. cinnamomeus_ in solid stem and reddish flesh. + +=malicorius=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. obtuse, velvety-fibrillose, +tawny-golden, flesh splitting, yellow then olive-green; g. crowded, +tawny orange, edge becoming flocculose; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fibrillose, +golden; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. cinnamomeus_ in persistently hollow s. golden then +olive-brown; flesh yellow then greenish- or golden-olive. + +=infucatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, obtuse, bright yellow; g. adnate, +crowded, tawny then cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. narrowed from clavate base, +fibrillose, whitish or yellowish; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=fucatophyllus=, Lasch. P. acutely umb. fibrillosely scaly, brownish; +g. broad, yellow with crimson spots, denticulate; s. fibrillose, +yellowish, veil reddish. + +=colymbadinus=, Fr. P. subgibbous, with seceding yellow fibrils, +yellowish; flesh splitting, yellowish; g. rather distant, broad, thick, +rusty, edge white-floccose; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, naked, +pallid. + + **** _Becoming olivaceous. Veil dingy, pallid or tinged fuscous. + Pileus not broken up into scales._ + +=cotoneus=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. olivaceous, campan. exp. bullate, wavy, +innately velvety; g. olive then brownish tan; s. 5-8 cm. solid, base +thickened, pale olive, veil forming a fuscous zone; sp. 10-11 × 8. + +=subnotatus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. then exp. olive then fuscous, at +first clothed with superficial hoary squamules, soon glabrous; g. +yellowish then olive tan; s. 6-9 cm. conical, squamulose with yellowish +fragments of veil, apex glabrous, shining; sp. 10 × 5. + +=valgus=, Fr. Fragile. P. 5-7 cm. convex, subgibbous, almost glabrous, +olive then brick-red, edge submembranaceous; g. dingy yellow red then +brick-red; s. 7-12 cm. twisted, naked, pallid, shining, apex striate, +tinged violet, bulb with white down, rooting; sp. ----. + +=raphanoides=, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then +exp. gibbous, silky with innate fibrils, olive then tawny; g. olive then +cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. firm, fibrillose, paler; sp. 8 × 5. + +[=depexus=, Fr. P. thin, convex then plane, brick-red becoming pale; g. +adnate, yellowish then cinnamon, opaque; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, +pallid. + +=venetus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, convex then exp. silky-villose, olive +then yellowish, opaque; g. broad, veined, yellowish-olive then +olive-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. fibrilloso-striate, with the veil colour of +p.; sp. 10 × 5. + +P. obtusely umb. sea-green or clear yellow-green as is the flesh. + +[=olivascens=, Karst. P. thin, edge submembr. firm, equal, convex then +plane, even, glabrous, olive; s. pallid, fibrillose, ring fugacious; g. +adnexed, very broad tawny rusty; sp. 7-10 × 3-4. + + V. TELAMONIA. + _Pileus hygr. at first glabrous or with whitish superficial + fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so, splitting. + Universal veil peronate or forming a ring low on the stem; apex + somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is somewhat duplex._ + + * PLATYPHILLI. _Gills very broad, thickish, more or less distant. + Stem spongy or entirely fibrous._ + + (Colour when dry given in brackets.) + + + _Stem and veil white or whitish._ + +=macropus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. convex, incurved, then exp. hoary with minute +squamules, brick-red then rusty; g. distant, very broad; s. 7-14 cm. +equal, fibrillose, whitish, ring distant; sp. 8 × 5. + +[=testaceo-canescens=, F. P. convex, brick-red, with greyish squamules; +g. emarginato-adnate; s. rigid, equal, silky-shining. + +=laniger=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. woolly with white superficial scales, +then glabrous and bright or dusky tawny; g. saffron-tawny; s. white, +peronate up to distinct ring, veil shining white; sp. ----. + +=bivelus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-exp. glabrous, tawny brick-red; g. +adnate, bright tawny cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, dingy white, +peronate, ring spurious, fugacious; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +=bulbosus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bay (dusky brick-red) +disc subgibbous; g. adnate, opaque; s. 5-7 cm. stout, bulbous, pallid, +peronate with white veil up to ring; sp. 8 × 3-4. + +=urbicus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, glabrous, silvery white; g. +emarginate, broad; s. 4-5 cm. equal, peronate, white and downy above +ring; sp. ----. + +=licinipes=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. umb. glabrous, yellowish +red; g. adnate, very broad; s. 8-12 cm. pallid floccose with white +scales; sp. ----. + +=microcyclus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, plano-convex, fuscous brick-red +then pale; g. adnate, very broad, lilac then cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. +narrowed from base, pallid, white annular zone evident; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. decipiens_ in somewhat bulbous stem and white annular +zone. + + ++ _Stem and gills violet._ Cortina usually white with a violet + tinge, but universal veil white. + +=torvus=, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. convex-exp. obtuse, bay or tinged violet at +first then brick-red, hoary with fibrillose squamules then almost +glabrous; g. thick, distant, very broad, purplish umber then cinnamon; +s. 7-12 cm. bulbous then elongated and equal, vaginate with the white +persistent veil, apex violet cortinate; sp. 12 × 7-8. Flesh usually +bored by larvae. + +=impennis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, glabrous, +somewhat brick-red then pale; g. thick, distant, violet, purplish, then +cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. rather bulbous, pallid, imperfect ring and apex +violet, whitish cortinate, solid; sp. 10-11 × 7. + +=lucorum=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. even bay brick-red when moist; g. emarginate, +cinnamon with a fugacious tinge of flesh-colour violet; s. 4-5 cm. +clavate, very fibrillose, one colour, becoming pale; sp. 10 × 5. + +=plumiger=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. conico-campan. gibbous, brownish-olive, +densely covered with white feathery flecks; g. crowded, broad, edge +entire, coloured like rest; s. 6-9 cm. clavato-bulbous, floccose, pale; +sp. 10 × 5. + +=scutulatus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. ovate, exp. obtuse, purplish umber +(brick-red) silky white round edge at first, then broken up into +squamules; g. adnate, violet purple; s. 6-9 cm. solid, rigid, rather +bulbous, outside and inside dusky violet, peronate and more or less +ringed white; sp. 7 × 3. + +=evernius=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. conico-campan. exp. glabrous, purplish bay +(brick-red and hoary) at length torn into fibrils; g. adnate, very +broad, violet purple; s. 7-14 cm. cylindrical, soft, violet, obsoletely +ringed from the veil; sp. 10 × 7. + +=quadricolor=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. conical then exp. whitish yellow (becoming +tawny) edge radiato-striate; g. adnate, broad, serrate, purplish then +cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. stuffed then hollow, equal, thin, whitish violet, +veil forming an oblique white zone; sp. 10-11 × 6-7. + + +++ _Stem and veil reddish or yellowish. Gills tawny or cinnamon, + not violet nor becoming brown._ + +=armillatus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. exp. soon innately fibrillose and +torn into squamules, reddish brick-colour; g. very broad, distant; s. +8-12 cm. solid, bulbous, rufescent, with two or three red zones; sp. 10 +× 6. + +Differs from _C. hematochelis_ in distant gills, and more than one red +zone on stem. + +=haematochelis=, Bull. P. 6-9 cm. gibbous, silky fibrillose, brownish +brick-red (pallid); g. adnate, crowded, rather narrow; s. 8-11 cm. +solid, narrowed upwards, with one red zone; sp. 10 × 7-8. + +[=paragaudis=, Fr. P. campan. exp. umb. bay (tawny tan); g. adnexed, +ventricose; s. elongated, twisted, pale red, peronate with adpressed +fibrillose reddish squamules. + +var. _praestigiosus_, Fr. P. thin, striate, silky-fibrous towards edge; +s. hollow, equal, slender; g. thin, distant, tawny cinnamon. + +=croceofulvus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. umb. even, tawny orange; g. adnate, +rusty; s. 6-9 cm. solid, equal, reddish-yellow, with a narrow orange +zone; sp. 8-10 × 6. Flesh yellow. + +=limonius=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous, tawny +(yellowish ochre), at length squamulose; g. rather distant, yellow then +tawny cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. solid, firm, floccosely squamulose, colour of +p.; sp. ----. + +Base of s. becoming deep saffron. + +[=arenarius=, Q. P. pruinose, ochraceous-fawn; g. pale fuscescent; s. +rooting, fibrillosely floccose, sulphur. + +=helvolus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. incurved then exp. glabrous, hygr. +tawny-rusty then cracked umbo obtuse, vanishing; g. very broad, thick; +s. 10-18 cm. attenuated, veil silky, almost smooth, peronate, terminated +by a rusty edged annular zone; sp. 6 × 5. + +=hinnuleus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conico-campan. exp. subumb. glabrous, +pallid tawny-cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. distant, broad, quite entire, +tawny cinnamon; s. 6-9 cm. rigid, somewhat tawny, narrowed below, white +silky veil almost smooth forming a pallid zone at apex; sp. 10-12 × 7-8. + +=gentilis=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5, conico-exp. acutely umb. even, glabrous then +cracked, tawny cinnamon (yellow); g. adnate, thick, very distant, +entire, edge coloured like rest; s. 6-9 cm. slender, equal, scaly, tawny +cinnamon, scales and oblique ring, yellow; sp. 7-8 × 6. + +=helvelloides=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5, thin, subconvex, obsoletely umb. rusty +(tawny then pale), then cracked; g. adnate, violet-umber then cinnamon, +edge floccose, white; s. 4-7 cm. slender, undulate, silky fibrillose, +with the imperfect ring and veil yellowish; sp. 7 × 5. + +=rubellus=, Cke. P. 4-7 cm. campan. then exp. rufous orange umbo +darkest, flesh reddish-ochre; g. adnate, sinuate, bright rusty-red; s. +6-9 cm. pale above, dark below, with darker concentric bands; sp. 8 × 5. + + ++++ _Stem fuscescent, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dusky._ + [Species of _Inoloma_ and _Dermocybe_ are often peronately ringed, + but the pileus is not hygr. and scaly or silky at first.] + +=bovinus=, Fr. P. 6-11 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, watery +cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. very broad; s. 6-7 cm. stout, spongily +bulbous, greyish then fuscous-cinnamon, whitish above fuscous zone; sp. +----. + +=nitrosus=, Cke. Stinking. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, exp. edge wavy, fawn or +tawny, disc darker, soon breaking up into darker, minute concentric +scales; g. violet then dilute cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. equal, ochre, base +darker, with dark concentric squamules; sp. 12 × 4. + +=brunneus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. exp. umber (reddish tan dingy), +naked, broken up into innate fibrils near edge, umbo fleshy, obtuse; g. +adnate, thick, distant, purplish then umber-cinnamon; s. 7-9 cm. +narrowed upwards, elastic, fuscescent, white-striate, veil forming a +brownish white zone; sp. 10-12 × 6. + +[=disjungendus=, Karst. P. convex, gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny umber, +white-striate; g. adnate at first, distant; s. solid, equal, base +thickened and radiating, dingy, curved; sp. 10-17 × 5-6. + +=injucundus=, Weinm. P. 6-9 cm. compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, +fuscous-cinnamon, fibrillose; g. very broad, lilac then tan; s. 6-9 cm. +solid, clavate, colour of p. then tawny-yellow, fibrils and veil +fuscous; sp. 10 × 5. + +=brunneofulvus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. thin, campan. exp. subumb. even, +innately fibrillose, virgate, tawny cinnamon, edge at first +white-fibrillose; g. adnate, very broad, opaque; s. 6-9 cm. narrowed +from base, fibrillosely striate, fuscescent, at length pale tawny +outside and inside; sp. ----. + +=glandicolor=, Fr. Entirely umber. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. umb. +hoary-fuscous when dry; g. adnate, broad, distant, entire; s. 7-11 cm. +equal, slender, straight, veil forming a distant white zone; sp. ----. + +var. _curta_, Fr. S. 2-3 cm. long, wavy, peronate with white veil, +cingulate, umbo blackish. + +=punctatus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, conico-convex, glabrous, +hoary-umber (tan), at length even; g. adnate, very distant, entire, +brownish-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. slender, undulate, fibrillosely striate, +brownish-yellow, a zone formed by the fugacious pale fuscous veil; sp. 7 +× 4. + + ** LEPTOPHYLLI. _Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. Pileus + thin. Stem somewhat cartilaginous and rigid outside, stuffed or + hollow, often narrowed below._ + + + _Stem whitish or pallid, floccosely scaly._ + +=triformis=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. convexo-plane, subumb. hygr. opaque, almost +glabrous, yellow-brown; g. subadnate; s. 6-7 cm. clavate, almost +glabrous, pallid, ring white; sp. 10 × 6. + +var. _melleopallens_, Fr. P. dingy honey-colour; s. yellowish then +pallid, becoming hollow, ring interwoven. + +var. _fuscopallens_, Fr. P. umb. fuscescent then pallid; g. narrow, +watery white. + +=biformis=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. conico-campan. exp. glabrous, shining, rusty +bay, umbo fleshy, prominent; g. adnate, crenulate; s. 5-9 cm. base +narrowed, fibrillosely striate, pale, ring oblique, white; sp. ----. + +[=fallax=, Q. P. thin, becoming pallid; g. pallid then ochre; s. wavy, +slender, pallid, apex blue, ring white, fugacious. + +[=Lindgrenii=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty (ochre-tan), then +wavy; g. crowded, watery cinnamon; s. short, adpressedly silky, whitish, +ring subapical, reflexed. + + ++ _Stem violet._ + +=periscelis=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then convex, lilac, white-silky, +umbo fleshy, rest very thin; g. adnate, crowded, narrow; s. 7-9 cm. +fibrillose, colour of p. interwoven brownish veil subannulate; sp. 7-8 × +4-5. + +Usually several imperfect brownish rings on s. + +[=bibulus=, Q. Greyish-lilac; p. ellipsoid, moist, fibrillosely silky; +g. dusky violet; s. slender, covered with curled white flecks. + +=flexipes=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conical then exp. acutely umb. violet +then brownish cinnamon (reddish tan) fibrillosely hoary; g. adnate, +broad, umber-violet then tan; s. 7-9 cm. wavy, subundulate, fibrillosely +scaly, apex violet, veil white, subannulate; sp. ----. + +=flabellus=, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2-3 cm. conical, exp. +obtusely umb. fuscous-olive (tan) hoary fibrillose; g. adnate, connected +by veins, linear, olive then rusty; s. 6-9 cm. wavy, floccosely scaly +pallid, scales and ring white; sp. ----. + + +++ _Stem and pileus tawny or rusty._ + +=psammocephalus=, Fr. Every part tawny cinnamon, inside also; p. 2-3 cm. +convexo-exp. then umb. scurfily-scaly; g. adnate, arcuate, crowded; s. +3-4 cm. narrowed, squamulosely peronate from the contiguous veil; sp. 6 +× 4. + +=incisus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-convex, exp. umb. naked but soon +innately fibrillosely scaly, hygr. rusty (tawny); g. adnate; s. 2-3 cm. +equal, fibroso-fibrillose, rusty, ring of white veil almost obsolete; +sp. 5 × 3. + +=iliopodius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, subumb. silkily hoary then almost +glabrous, reddish yellow (tan), at length rimose; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. +equal, thin tawny (inside and outside), peronate with even pallid veil, +naked and fibrillose above ring; sp. 7-8 × 4. + + ++++ _Stem floccosely scaly, and like pileus fuscescent._ + +=hemitrichus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. fuscous (fuscous +tan), silky towards the margin with white curled fibrils; g. adnate, +crowded; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, subequal, pale fuscous, veil white, +floccose, as also is ring; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +=stemmatus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, exp. obtuse, bay, hoary-silky near +the edge, fibrillose and pale when dry; g. adnate, crowded, bay; s. 5-7 +cm. floccosely scaly, subannulate, rusty-bay; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. uraceus_ in squamulose s. + +=rigidus=, Fr. Strong scented. P. 1-3 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, +shining, bay (reddish); g. adnate, broad; s. 5-9 cm. equal, wavy, paler +than p., veil white-squamulose, cingulate; sp. ----. + +=paleaceus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conico-exp. umb. rather fuscous (tan), silky +with white downy squamules; g. adnate, truly crowded, whitish then tan; +s. 5-7 cm. wavy, undulate, whitish-squamulose, apex with whitish ring; +sp. 7-8 × 3. + +=iris=, Massee. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. then exp. acutely umb. pale +brown-ochre, silky, white-fibrillose; g. much cut out behind, +orange-brown, edge entire; s. 5-7 cm. conical, solid, orange-brown and +squamulose below ring, smooth and violet at first above ring; sp. 10 × +5. + + VI. HYDROCYBE. + _Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not + viscid but moist when growing, discoloured when dry; flesh very + thin, splitting, disc rarely compact. Stem rather rigid, not + peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an + irreg. zone._ + + * FIRMIORES. _Pileus rather fleshy, convex then campan.-convex, + expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, edge at first incurved. Stem + generally narrowed upwards._ + + (Colour when dry given in brackets.) + + + _Stem and veil white._ + +=firmus=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty ochre, flesh +compact, white; g. crowded; s. 6-8 cm. solid, stout, rather bulbous, +white, veil rusty; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. subferrugineus_ by clear colour of p. and white s. + +=subferrugineus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. yellowish brick-red becoming +rusty, subhygr.; g. scarcely crowded, broad, opaque, rusty; s. 6-8 cm. +solid, spongy, rigid outside, subbulbous, white then dingy; sp. 8-10 × +5-6. + +=armeniacus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny cinnamon +(yellowish tan), shining; g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. conical, rigid, +subperonate, white; sp. 8-9 × 5. + +var. _falsarius_, Fr. P. yellow, white when dry. + +[=umbilicatus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, minutely umbil. undulate, +obtuse, even, glabrous, brown-bay; g. very broad, cinnamon; s. equal, +base thickened, whitish; sp. 6-6.5 × 4-4.5. + +=damascenus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. thin, exp. bay-cinnamon (brick-red, +rivulose); g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. solid, firm, cylindrical, +whitish; 12 × 6. + +=privignus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, pallid fuscous, +silvery-hoary (tan then pallid); g. adnate, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. fragile, +silvery white; sp. 8 × 5. + +=duracinus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. rigid, exp. gibbous, watery brick-red (tan, +opaque), edge strongly incurved, silky; g. adnate, thin; s. 3-5 cm. +rigid, unequal, rooting, glabrous, white; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=candelaris=, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, glabrous, reddish dun +(tawny, shining) edge slightly incurved white-silky; g. adnato-decur.; +s. rigid, yellowish white, rooting. + +=illuminus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny brick-red +(brick-red, tan) edge thin; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. partly hollow, pallid +becoming rusty; sp. 11-12 × 6-7. + +=tortuosus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. glabrous, even, shining, rusty bay +(brick-red); g. adnate, tawny blood-red or purplish when touched; s. +somewhat twisted, silvery; sp. 15-16 × 8. + +=dilutus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, even, opaque, reddish +dun (tan); g. broad, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. soft, pallid, base thickened; +sp. 6 × 4. + +[=erugatus=, Weinm. P. exp. subumb. even, nearly glabrous, shining, +ochraceous, brick-red; g. subadnate, crowded; s. elongated, thinner +upwards, fibrillosely striate, pallid. + +[=Hoeftii=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, watery brick-red (tan, opaque), with a +silky bloom; g. adnate, crowded, connected by veins; s. subfistulose, +equal, silvery. + + ++ _Stem and gills usually violet._ In certain sp. of preceding + section there is an ephemeral tinge of violet at apex of stem. + +[=livor=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, dusky olive then tan; g. +emarginate, crowded, broad, semicircular, watery cinnamon; s. narrowed +from subbulbous base, short, violet; sp. ----. + +=saturninus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, moist, dusky bay +(brick-red), with white silky veil round edge; g. adnexed, crowded, +purplish then rusty; s. 4-7 cm. violet, base thickened; sp. ----. + +=imbutus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, gilvous becoming +pale, edge subfibrillose; g. adnate, rather distant, broad, +greyish-violet then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. whitish, apex violet; sp. 7-8 × +4-5. + +[=cypriacus=, Fr. P. almost membranaceous, campan. exp. gibbous, +glabrous, cinnamon (tawny); g. crowded; s. colour of p., striate with +adpr. fibrils. + +[=plumbosus=, Fr. P. convex, plane, umb. moist, blackish lead-colour, +then paler and with satiny sheen near edge; g. olive-violet then +cinnamon; s. hollow, attenuated upwards, violet then pallid. + +[=sciophyllus=, Fr. P. thin, convex, exp. deep bluish fuscous (bluish), +silky-white round edge at first; g. adnate, dusky umber; s. solid, +violet, narrowed from thickened base. + +=castaneus=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. exp. gibbous, even, chestnut +(shining); g. violet then rusty; s. 2-3 cm. cartilaginous, violet or +pallid reddish, stuffed then hollow; sp. ----. + +=bicolor=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. umb. dingy white or tinged +lilac; g. adnate, purplish violet then tan; s. 4-5 cm. pale violet then +pale, solid; sp. 12-14 × 6-7. + +=balaustinus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, virgate, rusty rufous (tawny +brick-red, shining); g. adnate, broad rusty rufous; s. 5-7 cm. conical, +pallid, then rusty outside and in; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +=colus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex, subgibbous, glabrous, rufous brown +(paler and shining); g. adnate, dusky cinnamon; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillosely +striate with fiery-saffron mycelium; sp. 9 × 4. + +=isabellinus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. subumb. honey-colour, glabrous (yellowish +and shining); g. adnate, yellow then tan; s. 7-9 cm. rigid, striate, +yellowish; sp. 10 × 5. + +=renidens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, shining, tawny (ochre); +g. crowded, tawny; s. 2-4 cm. equal and with fibrous veil, yellow; sp. +8-10 × 5. + +=angulosus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. wavy, hygr. reddish tawny (ochre, +opaque); g. adnate, thickish, distant, tawny; s. 3-4 cm. equal, twisted, +rather tawny; sp. ----. + +var. _gracilescens_, Fr. S. hollow, slender, tortuous, base rather +narrowed. + +[=zinziberatus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. tawny honey-colour (yellowish), edge +silky-fibrillose; g. adnate, quite entire, crisped; s. outside and base +also inside, yellowish. + + +++ _Stem fuscescent, veil pallid-dingy or white_ (_not yellow_); + _gills dusky._ + +=uraceus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, even, glabrous, +umber (tan, torn into fibres); g. adnate, bay brown; s. 5-9 cm. blackish +fuscous, apex becoming olive; sp. 8-9 × 4. + +=jubarinus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bright tawny +cinnamon (shining); g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillosely +striate, tawny, veil fugacious, white; sp. 10 × 5. + +Closely resembling _C. cinnamomeus_, differing in white fibrillose +fugacious veil. + +[=rubricosus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. brownish bay (brick-red, shining); g. +obtusely adnate, bright rusty; s. narrowed downwards, brownish, white +veil collapsing and forming a silky zone. + +[=nitens=, Karst. P. exp. umb. white-silky from veil then glabrous and +shining, brownish bay; g. tawny cinnamon; s. subequal, fuscous, white +veil forming oblique bands; sp. 6 × 3.5. + +[=irregularis=, Fr. P. exp. umb. wavy, fuscous brown (tawny rusty, +shining); g. decur. closely crowded, rusty; s. naked, brick-red with +white striae. + +=pateriformis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, orbicular, chestnut +brown with white deciduous fibrils; g. brick-red; s. hollow, equal, +tinged fuscous; sp. ----. + +[=phaeophyllus=, Karst. P. convex exp. umb. entirely even, edge silky, +glabrous, watery cinnamon, ochre and shining when dry; g. adnate, +brown-tan, edge honey-colour; s. equal, usually wavy, silky-fibrillose, +pallid-white; sp. 7-9 × 4-5. + +=unimodus=, Britz. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. usually depr. round +umbo, shining, rufous brown; g. adnexed, brown; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous, +brown below; sp. 10-12 × 6. + + ** TENUIORES. _Pileus submembranaceous, conical then exp. umbo + acute, rarely obtuse or nearly obsolete, edge at first straight._ + + + _Stem white._ + +=dolabratus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, glabrous, brick-red +(even and tan), silky near the edge; g. adnate, very broad, distant, +tan; s. 8-14 cm. stout, cylindrical, shining white; sp. 12-14 × 7-8. + +Smell very disagreeable. + +=rigens=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, glabrous, opaque, +tan (whitish tan); g. adnato-subdecur.; s. 4-9 cm. cartilaginous, rigid, +rooting, white; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +[=fulvescens=, Fr. P. exp. shining, cinnamon (brick-red), at length +fibrillose, umbo persistent rather acute; g. adnate; s. attenuated, +soft, rather wavy, becoming pale. + +=Krombholzii=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. then gibbous, even, +glabrous, tan, edge append.; g. nearly free, broad, rusty edge +yellowish; s. 6-11 cm. equal, naked, white; sp. 8 × 4-5. + +=Reedii=, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. conical then exp. and strongly umb. shining, +persistently brown; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. equal, rather bulbous, white, +solid; sp. 7-8 × 4. + +=leucopus=, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conical then exp. and umb. even, +glabrous, yellowish red (clay-colour, shining); g. subadnexed, crowded; +s. 2-3 cm. equal, shining white; sp. 6 × 3-4. + +Differs from _C. pluvius_ in not being viscid. + +=scandens=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical, exp. tawny rusty to watery +honey-colour (clay-colour), umbo fleshy, edge striate; g. adnate, tawny +cinnamon, edge same colour; s. 5-8 cm. wavy, even, apex thickened, base +attenuated, whitish; sp. 10 × 5. + + ++ _Stem somewhat violet or reddish._ + +=erythrinus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. rufous bay, prominent umbo +darker; g. adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. equal, somewhat curved, violet above; sp. +----. + +var. _argyropus_. Slenderer than type; stem silvery, apex mealy. + +=decipiens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, glabrous, shining, fuscous-bay, +depr. round darker umbo (brick-red); g. adnate; s. equal, slender, with +a pale separable cuticle; sp. 8 × 5. + +S. usually without any violet, pale red inside. + +var. _insignis_, Fr. P. paler; s. flexuous, glabrous. + +=germanus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. obtusely umb. +rather silky, fragile, fuscescent (clay-colour); g. adnate, broad; s. +thin, equal, glabrous, lilac then pallid; sp. ----. + +=ianthipes=, Secr. P. conical then exp. umb. fibrillose, shining, brown, +edge yellowish; g. white then greyish olive; s. shining, violet, rufous +below. + + +++ _Stem yellowish, usually becoming pale._ + +=detonsus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. subumb. glabrous, brick-red or +yellowish (tan and silky); g. adnate, yellowish then brick-red, quite +entire; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, tinged yellow then pallid; sp. 6 × 4. + +=saniosus=, Fr. P. conical then convex and umb. not striate, glabrous, +tawny fuscous (tawny, shining), edge fibrillosely torn; g. adnate, quite +entire; s. curved, yellowish, veil fibrillose, yellow. + +=obtusus=, Fr. P. 1-3 cm. conico-campan. striate to middle, shining, +reddish yellow (ochre then pallid, opaque, fibrillosely torn); g. +adnato-ventricose, edge white-fimbriate; s. hollow, soft, ventricose, +becoming pale, 4-9 cm.; sp. 9 × 5. + +=acutus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical, acutely umb. entirely striate, +yellowish red (clay-colour, silky then even); g. adnate, ochre, entire; +s. 6-8 cm. equal, slender, wavy, pale; sp. 6 × 4. + + ++++ _Stem becoming fuscescent._ + +=Junghuhnii=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, exp. papillate, persistently +minutely velvety with thin innate white fibrils, shining cinnamon +(somewhat tawny); g. adnate, orange brick-red; s. 4-7 cm. shining, +adpressedly fuscous-fibrillose; sp. 8 × 5-6. + +=depressus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, at first +superficially silky near striate edge, fuscous then rusty; g. adnate, +saffron then yellowish; s. hollow, reddish, base fuscous, white-silky; +sp. ----. + +=milvinus=, Fr. Strong scented. P. conico-exp. subumb. striate to disc, +somewhat olive (tan then pallid), edge crowned with white innate +squamules; g. adnate, rusty olive, base veined; s. 4-5 cm. equal, +curved, fuscous then pallid, spotted with the white silky veil; sp. 8-10 +× 4. + +=fasciatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. glabrous, fuscescent (brick-red +then pallid and silky) umbo acute, blackish; g. adnate, distant; s. 4-9 +cm. rather wavy, glabrous, fibrously splitting, pallid fuscous; sp. 8 × +5. + +Differs from _C. acutus_ in very distant g. + + +CREPIDOTUS, Fr. + +=palmatus=, Bull. P. 4-9 cm. compact, convex then exp. irreg. glabrous, +pelliculose, rusty; g. fixed to a collar, colour of p.; s. excentric or +lateral, incurved, glabrous, whitish; sp. subg. 10. + +Differs from _Pleurotus subpalmatus_ in rusty sp. + +A form with a central s. occurs. + +[=hypsophilus=, R. Fries. Subcaespitose. P. fleshy, compact, irreg. +laterally produced, entire, convex then plane, edge becoming upturned, +glabrous, fuscous tan; g. emarginate, crowded, dingy yellow; s. very +excentric, short, curved whitish. + +[=nidulans=, Mass. (= _Pleurotus nidulans_, Fr., _Crepidotus junquillea_ +(Paulet) Lucand.) P. fleshy, at first resupinate then expanded, sessile, +subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad, rather distant, tawny-orange; +sp. tawny. + +=alveolus=, Lasch. P. 2-4 cm. soft, lateral, obovate, wavy, plane, +glabrous, ochre-fuscous, sessile or produced behind into a short +stem-like downy base; g. broad; sp. 7-8 long. + +[=stiriacus=, Wetts. P. fleshy-fibrous, ovate-shell-shaped, +semiorbicular, or cuneiform, simple, lobed or partite, tomentose; g. +dense, ochre-fuscous; s. lateral, very short; sp. 5-7 × 3. + +=mollis=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. gelatinously fleshy, soft, obovate or reniform, +flaccid, subsessile, glabrous, pallid then greyish; g. decur. from base, +crowded, linear, whitish then watery cinnamon; sp. 8-9 × 5-6. + +=putrigenus=, B. and C. Imbricate, sessile; p. 2-3 cm. subreniform, +whitish, tomentose; g. broad, rusty-brown; sp. subglobose, 6-7, rusty. + +=applanatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. soft, fragile, plane, reniform or cuneate, +whitish, produced behind into a very short white-downy base; g. +determinate, crowded, whitish then pale cinnamon; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=scalaris=, Fr. Imbricated. P. submembranaceous, very soft, +effuso-reflexed, even, glabrous, clear dilute ochre, pellucid when +fresh; g. decur. from base, distant, thin, whitish then cinnamon. + +=calolepis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. dimidiate, sessile and fixed by a downy +nodule, white, marginate behind, variegated with minute rufescent +scales; g. radiating from base, at length brownish rusty; sp. ----. + +=haustellaris=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, +plane, even, very slightly downy, tan; g. rounded behind, pallid then +fuscous-cinnamon; s. distinct, narrowed upwards, downy, white; sp. ----. + +[=Peteauxii=, Q. P. resupinate then cup-shaped, lateral, reniform, +tomentose, snow-white; g. free, whitish then ochre. + +=rubi=, Berk. (= _Naucoria effugiens_, Q.) P. 0.5-1 cm. convexo-plane, +edge incurved, pale yellowish tan, sprinkled with glistening particles; +g. adnato-decur. rather broad, greyish then umber; s. 3-6 mm. incurved; +sp. 5-7 long. + +=chimnophilus=, B. and Br. P. 4-6 mm. convex, edge incurved, downy, +whitish; g. attenuated behind, distant, narrow, pale tan; s. very short +or obsolete; sp. 5 × 3 µ. + +=epibryus=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 mm. resupinate, sessile, adnate by the +vertex, silky then smooth; g. radiating from the centre, thin, crowded, +whitish then reddish-yellow; sp. ----. + +[=inhonestus=, Karst. P. resupinate, sessile, adnate laterally or by the +vertex, rather silky, orbicular or subreniform, whitish; g. broad, thin, +white then brownish; sp. 6-8 × 5. + +=Phillipsii=, B. and Br. P. 4-6 cm. rather fleshy, oblique, striate, +smooth, pale umber; g. narrow, ventricose, slightly adnate, pale tan; s. +short, solid, incurved; sp. 5-7 × 2.5 µ. + +=pezizoides=, Nees. P. 3-4 mm. sessile, thin, cup-shaped then recurved, +mealy, subtomentose, whitish; g. radiating from the centre, rather +distant, brownish-olive then tawny. + +=luteolus=, Lamb. P. thin, stipitate at first then resupinate and stem +disappearing, tomentose, clear yellow then pale; g. crowded, +orange-yellow then cinnamon; sp. rusty. + +=Ralfsii=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. convex, edge incurved, delicately +hispid or scurfy, yellow, fixed by cottony mycelium, stem obsolete; g. +rather broad, ventricose, pale tan, edge whitish; sp. ----. + +=Parisotii=, Pat. Minute. P. sessile, minutely velvety, bright citrin, +stem almost obsolete, white, downy, edge incurved; g. very distant, +reddish; sp. 4-5 × 2. + +Only appears to differ from _C. luteolus_ in being somewhat smaller. + +[=subintiger=, Schulz. P. thin, cylindrical then cyphelliform, fixed by +centre, orbicular-reniform, whitish, slightly tomentose; g. radiating +from centre, free, distant, ventricose, yellowish brown, edge wavy and +fimbriate; sp. 3-4 long. + +[=pallescens=, Q. P. umbil. downy, yellowish white; g. adnate, white +then pallid; s. short incurved, downy, white; sp. 7 long. + +[=scutellinus=, Q. P. convexo-plane, vertex minutely mucronate, +pellucid, rivulosely striate, whitish then ochre; s. filiform, arcuate, +short, downy, colour of p.; g. narrow, adnate, denticulate, white then +pale ochre; sp. 7 long. + +[=Cesatii=, Rab. P. sessile, resupinate, rather tough, soft, whitish or +pallid gilvous; g. broad, pallid; sp. pale yellow; sp. 6-7 × 4-6. + +Habit of _Claudopus variabilis_, but p. not tomentose, g. not reddish, +and pale sp. + +[=proboscideus=, Fr. P. resupinate, campan. vertex prominent, +pedunculate, even, pubescent, ochraceous; g. radiating from an excentric +point, thin, straight, colour of p. + +Must be carefully distinguished from _Pax. panuoides_. + +=epigaeus=, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. thin, reniform or flabellate, reddish-grey, +base downy, whitish; g. distinct, narrow, diverging, watery rufescent; +sp. 10 × 7. + +Entire fungus soft and watery; growing on naked damp earth. + + + + +MELANOSPORAE. + + + A. _Gills free from stem._ + +=Chitonia=. Volva present, ring absent. + +=Agaricus=. (= _Psalliota_, Fr.) Ring present, volva absent. + +=Pilosace=. Volva and ring both absent. + + B. _Gills attached to stem._ (Quite free from stem in some species + of _Coprinus_.) + + + _Stem with a distinct membranous ring._ + +=Stropharia=. Gills adnate dark brown or purplish. + +=Anellaria=. Gills adnexed, grey and clouded with the black spores. + + ++ _Ring very imperfect or absent; gills decurrent._ + +=Gomphidius=. Gills subgelatinous. + + +++ _Gills not decurrent, not adhering laterally when young, not + deliquescent._ + +=Hypholoma=. Gills sinuate, dark brown or blackish-purple; veil often +hanging in fragments from edge of pileus. + +=Panaeolus=. Edge of pileus extending beyond the gills, pileus not +striate. + +=Psathyrella=. Pileus sulcate or striate. + +=Psathyra=. Stem fragile; edge of pileus straight when young. + +=Psilocybe=. Stem tough; edge of pileus incurved when young. + + ++++ _Gills adhering laterally when young, deliquescing at + maturity._ + +=Coprinus=. Ring and volva present in some species, ring alone others, +both absent in others; gills adnate, adnexed or free. + + +++++ _Flesh of pileus entirely absent, the gills radiating from + the stem free and unconnected by flesh above._ + +=Montagnites=. Volva present, buried in the ground. + + +CHITONIA, Fr. + +=rubriceps=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. +reddish-brown; g. free, purplish-brown; s. 6-7 cm. hollow, paler than +p., volva large, free edge torn; sp. 12 × 6. + +Introduced along with living plants into Kew Gardens. + +[=coprinus=, Fr. (= _Ag. involucratus_, Mont.) P. fleshy, convex, +viscid, yellowish, sometimes floccosely scaly from fragments of volva; +g. free, smoky-black; s. fistulose, naked, whitish, volva very small. + +Unless the small volva is noticed, this fungus will be considered as a +sp. of _Coprinus_. + + +AGARICUS, L. + + A. EDULES. _Large, fleshy._ + +=augustus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. globose then exp. very obtuse, disc even, +rest fibrillosely-scaly, pale yellow-brown; g. crowded, narrow, fuscous, +remote from stem; s. 8-14 cm. solid, ring superior, large, areolately +squamulose below; sp. 6 × 3.5. Edible. + +=peronatus=, Mass. P. hemispher. then exp. dull ochre, densely scaly; g. +distant from stem, crowded, purple-brown; s. 10-14 cm. equal, +marginately bulbous, hollow, with large spreading white scales up to +broad spreading ring; sp. 6 × 4. Edible. + +Differs from _A. augustus_ in hollow, peronate stem. + +=elvensis=, B. and Br. P. 9-15 cm. subglobose then exp. fibrillose, +broken up into large persistent brown scales, edge warted; g. crowded; +s. 8-12 cm. narrowed at base, fibrillose, ring large, thick, warted +below; sp. 8 × 4. Edible. + +[=praenitens=, Beck. P. hemispher. exp. white, with densely imbricated +chestnut scales which become smaller and denser at disc; g. remote, +purple-brown, edge white; s. clavato-bulbous, concentrically scaly up to +large ring, white; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=arvensis=, Schaeff. P. 10-24 cm. conico-campan. then exp. smooth, +even, white often stained yellow, flesh white, unchangeable; g. close to +stem, narrow; s. 6-12 cm. hollow, whitish, floccosely stuffed, ring +pendulous, double, exterior radiately split; sp. 6 × 4. (9-11 × 6 Sacc.) +Edible. + +var. _purpurascens_, Cke. Smaller than type. P. tinged purple. + +Differs from _Ag. xanthodermus_ in the persistently white flesh. + +=xanthodermus=, Genev. (= _Ag. flavescens_, Roze.) P. 6-10 cm. fleshy, +convex, even, glabrous, greyish-white, cuticle becoming yellowish when +touched, and the white flesh changing to yellow when broken; g. free, +sinuate, pale rose then grey, finally purple-brown; s. cylindrical, +stuffed, ring thin, flesh deep yellow at base, rest white; sp. ----. + +Differs from _A. arvensis_ in flesh becoming yellow, and in yellow base +of stem. + +[=ammophilus=, Ménier. P. convex, exp. thick, whitish; g. free, crowded, +rosy; s. stout, solid, base more or less thickened, whitish, ring +membranous, strongly adherent to apex of s. slightly striate, with a +circular canal; sp. 6-7.5 × 4-7. + +=cretaceus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then convex, shining white, at first +smooth and silky, then fibrillosely squamulose; g. for a long time +white, then blackish-brown; s. 6-8 cm. white, hollow, ring large, +superior, fixed; sp. 9 × 6. Edible. + +=pratensis=, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. ovoid then exp. even or squamulose, +greyish-white; g. rounded behind, grey then brown; s. 4-6 cm. stuffed, +base thickened, naked, ring median, simple, deciduous; sp. 6 × 3.5. + +var. _fulveolus_, Lasch. P. squamuloso-fibrillose, yellowish or reddish; +s. hollow, yellowish; g. tawny-denticulate. + +[=Bernardii=, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P. 10-20 cm. +convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white; s. solid, stout, +ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate above; g. free, +greyish-pink then bay-brown; flesh white, becoming purplish then +brownish when broken; sp. subgl. 8. + +Foetid. Edible. + +=campestris=, L. 6-12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky or +fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut; g. close to stem, +subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median, +torn; sp. 7-8 × 5-6. Edible. + +var. _alba_, Berk. P. rather silky white; s. short. + +var. _praticola_, Vitt. P. with rufous scales, flesh reddish. + +var. _rufescens_, Berk. P. rufous, minutely scaly; s. elongated. + +var. _umbrina_, Vitt. P. even, umber; s. stout, squamulose. + +var. _fulvaster_, Viv. P. even, ochraceous-tawny; s. solid; g. rosy then +blackish. + +var. _villaticus_, Brond. P. cortex breaking up into scales; s. +peronately scaly up to inf. ring. + +var. _silvicola_, Vitt. P. almost smooth, white, shining; s. stuffed, +elongated, subbulbous, ring simple, flesh not changing colour. + +var. _robustissimus_, Pen. P. equal, large, 32 cm.; g. very broad, up to +2 cm.; s. tall, 13 cm. high, 6 cm. thick. + +var. _exsertus_, Viv. P. fleshy, almost even, glabrous, white, flesh +red; s. hollow, slender, rather wavy, smooth ring small and torn, +appendiculate. + +var. _hortensis_, Cke. P. fibrillose or squamulose, brownish. The +variety commonly cultivated in England. + +var. _costatus_, Viv. P. sulcate, wavy. + +var. _vaporarius_, Otto. P. and s. with a brown pilose covering. + +var. _exannulatus_, Cke. P. squamulose; s. elongated, equal, solid, ring +evanescent or obsolete. + +=perrera=, Schulz. (= _Psal. Bresadolae_, Schulz.) P. 8-10 cm. +hemispher. then exp. yellowish, centre tawny, covered with +concentrically arranged tawny scales; g. remote, crowded, joined in a +ring behind, rosy then fuscous; s. equal, 9-10 cm. stuffed then hollow, +base submarginately bulbous, with evanescent tawny scales below the +large superior ring; sp. 8-10 × 5. + +[=bitorquis=, Q. P. 5-9 cm. globose then exp. almost glabrous, +milk-white then cream or ochre at the edge; g. remote from s. becoming +deep brown; s. solid, ovoid, glabrous, white, with a membranous ring +near the apex and a volva-like ring near the base, separated by a +concave notch; sp. 5-6 long. Edible. + +[=flavescens=, Gillet. P. globose then convex, dry, satiny, white, soon +tinged yellow or reddish-yellow; g. broad, brown; stem with a turbinate +bulb, white, suffused with reddish-yellow; flesh white, ring fugacious; +sp. 8 × 4. + +=silvaticus=, Schaeff. P. 6-9 cm. thin, campan. then exp. gibbous, +fibrillose or squamulose, centre brownish becoming paler at edge; g. +crowded, dry; s. 8-12 cm. hollow, equal, whitish, ring simple, distant; +sp. 7 × 4. + +=haemorrhoidarius=, Kalchbr. P. 7-12 cm. ovate then exp. rufous-brown, +covered with broad adpressed scales, edge at first incurved, flesh deep +red when broken; g. crowded, purple-umber; s. 8-11 cm. white, soon +hollow, fibrillose base solid, subbulbous, stains red when bruised, ring +superior, large; sp. 7-8 × 5. Edible. + +[=sanguinarius=, Karst. Flesh blood-red when broken. P. campan. exp. +obtuse, usually wavy, even, pale fuscous, broken up into squamules; g. +free, crowded, white, rosy-umber; s. elongated, subequal, curved, +silky-flocculose then almost glabrous, white, ring superior, pendulous, +fixed, persistent, areolately-scaly outside near edge; sp. 5-7 × 3-4. + +[=niveorubens=, Q. Floccose, shining white, everywhere becoming red. + +Quélet now considers this to be a form of _Ag. sylvatica_, Schaeff., to +which sp. he also refers _Ag. setigera_, Paul., _Ag. haemorrhoidaria_, +Kalchb., _Ag. rubella_, Gill., and _Ag. Vaillantii_, Roze and Rich. + +=setiger=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, smooth and silky, pale umber; g. umber; +s. stuffed, elongated, equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, colour of p., ring +thin, fugacious. + +[=rubellus=, Gillet. P. exp. obtusely umb. with reddish scales, +especially at the disc, which is deep red-brown, paler towards edge; g. +crowded; s. hollow, cartilaginous, base swollen; ring fugacious; flesh +white. + +[=lecensis=, Harz. Smells like aniseed. P. convex then almost plane, +yellowish-white, often broken up into brown polygonal pyramidal patches; +g. white, rosy-violet, then brown, both ends narrowed; s. solid, +coarsely scaly above, white becoming tinted rosy or yellow; ring +conspicuous, radiately striate, outside scaly; sp. 14-15 × 5.5-7. + +[=caldarius=, Wettst. P. convex then exp. white, disc even, brownish +squamulose towards edge; g. remote, narrow; s. glabrous, whitish; sp. +9-14 × 5-11. + + B. MINORES. _Flesh of pileus thin._ + +=comptulus=. P. 3-4 cm. convexo-plane, adpressedly silky, white; g. +flesh-colour then rosy; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, yellowish-white, ring median; +sp. 4-5 × 2-3. + +=sagatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny, glabrous; g. ventricose, +umber; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, equal, pale, ring distant, spreading; sp. 6 × +3-4. + +[=amethystinus=, Q. P. 3-4 cm. convex then plane, umb. downy or +fibrillose, white with the centre rose, lilac or amethyst; g. free, +ventricose, clear grey then bay-brown; s. slender, with a silky pith, +somewhat bulbous, fragile, glabrous, white, with a satiny, white ring; +sp. 6-7 long. + +[=semotus=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, brick-red, disc darker; g. +rather distant from stem, pallid; s. fistulose, reddish and more or less +peronate up to spreading ring, pale above; sp. 4-5 × 2-3. + +[=dulcidulus=, Kalchbr. P. plane, subgibbous, almost glabrous, dry, +lurid white or ochre; g. crowded, grey then blackish; s. subbulbous, +colour of p., ring median, persistent. + +Umbo often tinged fuscous or violet. + +=rusiophyllus=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, umbonate, silky, ruddy, +becoming pale; g. crowded, rosy then brown; s. 3-4 cm. thickened +downwards, white, ring persistent; sp. 5 × 3. + +[=zonarius=, Brond. P. 1 cm. convex, with pellucid brown-violet zones; +g. free, rosy then bay-bistre; s. solid, elongated, ring membranous, +white. + +[=geniculatus=, Brig. P. campan. exp. tumid, glabrous, pale bay, edge +split here and there; g. free, remote from stem; s. bent, base +thickened, ring inf. + +Remarkable in this genus for growing on wood. + +[=haematospermus=, Bull. P. campan. then exp. then umb. and scaly, +brownish tan then blackish; g. rosy-blood-red then fuscous; s. +fistulose, equal, glabrous, colour of p., ring median, erect; sp. 4-5 × +3. + +=subgibbosus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. even, glabrous but +silky towards edge, yellowish; g. remote from stem, white then +greyish-fuscous; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, slender, ring fugacious. + + +PILOSACE, Fr. + +=algeriensis=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. convex then exp. even, glabrous, white +then disc tinged brownish; flesh very thick, white; g. very narrow, rosy +then umber; s. 3-5 cm. very stout, white, base thickened, solid; sp. +subgl. 8 µ. + +[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. very thin and very fragile, irreg. campan. +then exp. and edge wavy, margin split, pale yellow-fuscous, glabrous, +even; g. free, blackish-brown, edge white-mealy; s. often slightly wavy, +apex abruptly contracted, white; sp. 9 × 4-5. + +Many plants spring from a subterranean fleshy mass. + +[=Phoenix=, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous then +pale; g. free, ventricose, pallid then umber; s. stuffed, striate, +subbulbous, rooting, pallid. + + +STROPHARIA, Fr. + + A. VISCIPELLES. _Pellicle of pileus even or scaly, often viscid._ + + * MUNDI. _Not growing on dung._ + +[=depilata=, Pers. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-livid then +tan; g. adnato-decur. broad, white then blackish; s. solid, with white +revolute squarrose white scales below the ample ring; sp. 11-14 × 6-8. + +=Percevali=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. rather viscid, umb. then exp. ochre, +scaly at first near edge; g. adnexed, broad distant; s. 5-7 cm. +squamulose up to ring, dark inside; sp. 12-14 × 6. + +_S. squamosa_ differs in adnate, crowded g. + +=versicolor=, With. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, scaly, edge incurved; g. +decur. pallid then reddish-brown; s. 5 cm. whitish then brownish, ring +persistent. + +A species about which little is known. + +=aeruginosa=, Curt. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. subumb. or quite plane, +at first with bluish-green mucus and sometimes with white squamules, +then yellowish; g. adnate, purplish; s. 5-6 cm. viscid, squamulose below +ring, tinged green, often quite glabrous; sp. 10 × 5. + +Very variable within certain limits. Often stout and deep coloured in +shady woods. Slender and soon dry in open pastures. + +=squamulosa=, Massee (= _S. aeruginosa_; var. _squamulosa_, Mass.). P. +4-6 cm. soon plane, deep verdigris-green, dry, squamulose; g. crowded, +brown; s. 5-7 cm. stout, fibrilloso-squamulose, green, ring fragmentary; +sp. 8-9 × 5. + +Superficially like _S. aeruginosa_, but dry and silky, innately +squamulose, and brown g. + +=albocyanea=, Desm. 1.5-2 cm. exp. umb. viscid, greenish-blue then +whitish; g. purplish; s. 3-5 cm. slender, flexuous, pallid or tinged +green, ring incomplete; sp. 7-8 × 3-4. + +Differs from _S. Worthingtoni_ in greenish p. + +[=Tavastense=, Karst. P. convex then flat, disc often depr. sometimes +umb. glabrous, with concentric yellowish-white squamules near edge, +yellowish livid then dingy tawny tan; g. adnexed, crowded; s. straight, +fragile, almost equal, solid, pale then fuscescent, ring torn, +fugacious. + +[=consentiens=, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. then depr. even, glabrous, +rather viscid, yellowish-livid, tinged olive, edge involute; g. adnate, +paler than p.; s. subequal, stuffed, wavy, apex pruinose, yellowish +rusty. + +[=coprinifacies=, Roll. P. hygr. conico-campan. then exp. viscid, umber +brown then pallid, with blue mucus; g. ventricose, both ends narrowed, +dusky purple, edge white; s. dingy white tinged blue, ring median; sp. +20 × 7. + +=inuncta=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. with livid purple gluten that +disappears, then pale; g. adnate, pale brown; s. 4-7 cm. flexuous, +white, fibrillose below distant imperfect ring; sp. 8 × 6. + +=coronilla=, Bull. P. 3-4 cm. plane, tawny-ochre then pale, edge white +flocculose; g. sinuato-adnate, violet, edge white; s. 2-3 cm. white, +ring median, violet-striate; sp. 10 × 5. + +=ventricosa=, Mass. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. broadly gibbous, slightly viscid, +tawny-ochre then paler; g. almost free, purplish; s. 5-7 cm. ventricose +below middle, base rooting, pale, ring large, striate, apical; sp. 10 × +6. + +[=fusoidea=, Pat. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. edge striate, +ochre; g. adnate, purplish; s. elongated, slender, smooth, strongly +ventricose near the base, whitish, ring distant; sp. 12-14 × 6-7. + +Differs from _S. ventricosa_ in being smaller, and in the small, distant +ring. + +=obturata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. becoming cracked into squamules, almost +dry, yellow; g. adnate, purplish-umber; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, short, +narrowed downwards, white, ring tumid; sp. 7 × 4. + +[=capillacea=, Gillet. P. conico-campan. very finely wrinkled, reddish +brown with whitish flecks near margin more especially; g. blackish +brown, edge toothed; s. whitish, squamulose, ring fugacious. + +=melasperma=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, rather viscid, white or +yellowish; g. ventricose, blackish violet; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, equal, +white, ring superior, deciduous; sp. 10 × 6. + +=squamosa=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. exp. subviscid, yellowish-tan with +evanescent concentric scales; g. adnate, blackish, edge white; s. 7-12 +cm. pallid, rusty near base, squamulose up to distant ring; sp. 12 × 6. + +var. _thrausta_ (_Ag. thrausta_, Kalchbr.). Slender, fragile, hygr. not +scaly; sp. 12-15 × 6. + +var. _aurantiaca_, Cke. P. orange or brick-red. + +[=albonitens=, Fr. P. thin, exp. gibbous, viscid, glabrous, +hyaline-white, shining white when dry; g. adnate, crowded, pale fuscous; +s. stuffed with pith, everywhere floccosely villose, pale straw when +dry; sp. 6-9 × 4-5. + +=Worthingtoni=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. viscid, yellow; g. adnate, broad, +brown; s. 4-7 cm. slender, flexuous, dark blue, ring incomplete; sp. 7 × +4. + +Differs from _S. albocyanea_ in the yellow p. + +[=palustris=, Q. P. hemispher. umb. rather viscid, hygr. greyish-tawny, +disc brown; g. adnate, very broad; s. slender, white, covered with +transverse tawny scales, ring distant. + + ** MERDARII. _Ring often incomplete._ + +=luteonitens=, Fl. Dan. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. umb. viscid, yellow, +edge squamulose; g. adnexed, ventricose; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, even, +pruinose above distant ring, whitish; sp. 10-11 × 6. (14 × 6-7 Sacc.) + +Intermediate between _S. squamosa_ and _Psilocybe coprophila_, having +scaly p. and ring of former, and stature of latter. + +=merdaria=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, hygr. dingy +yellow-brown or pale bay; g. adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. flocculose, dry, +pallid, ring fugacious; sp. 8 × 5. (12-16 × 6-8 Sacc.) + +[=mammilata=, Kalchbr. P. thin, exp. conico-papillate, even, viscid, +pale ochre; g. rotundato-adnate, blackish brown; s. glabrous, white then +yellowish, ring fugacious. + +=stercoraria=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. then discoid, rather viscid, +glabrous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, olive-black; s. 8-10 cm. stuffed +with free pith, elongated, flocculose below the distant ring, rather +viscid, white tinged yellow; sp. 18-20 × 8-10. + +=semiglobata=, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. persistently hemispher. even, +glutinous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, clouded black; s. 6-10 cm. +glabrous, glutinous, yellowish, ring imperfect, inferior; sp. 12 × 6. + +Differs from _P. stercoraria_ in persistently hemispher. p. and glabrous +s. + +[=siccipes=, Karst. P. hemispher. exp. obtuse, orbicular, naked, even or +edge slightly pellucidly striate, viscid, whitish clay-colour; g. +adnato-subdecur. clay-colour then fuscous and clouded; s. pallid, dry, +straight or wavy, flocculose, pruinose above the distant, dry ring; sp. +12-15 × 7-9. + +Intermediate between _S. stercoraria_ and _S. semiglobata_. + +[=paradoxa=, P. Henn. P. campan. papillately umb. viscid, centre brown, +edge broadly revolute, even, glabrous; g. adnato-decur. wavy, veined, +dusky brown; s. wavy, striate, fibrous, yellow, base white-downy, ring +black, floccose, deciduous; sp. 14-17 × 7-10. + + B. SPINTRIGERI. _Pileus without a pellicle, but innately fibrous, + not viscid._ + +[=calceata=, Schaeff. P. exp. adpressedly fibrillose, moist, stoutly +umb. even, dingy yellow then pale; g. nearly free; s. solid, glabrous, +white, base marginately bulbous, limb free like a volva. + +[=ocreata=, Holmsk. P. globoso-campan.-exp. obtuse, granulose then +imbricately scaly, red then gilvous; g. nearly free; s. peronate up to +imperfect ring. + +[=medusa=, Brig. P. globose then convex, even, subrimosely squamulose +when dry, yellowish white, edge lobed; g. nearly free, sooty, edge +crenulate; s. solid, subtuberous, fibrillose, white, ring fugacious. + +=caput-medusae=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. ovate, exp. lacunose, squamulose, +discoid, umber-brown, edge ochre; g. adfixed; s. 5-9 cm. peronate with +squarrose scales up to superior ring, scales at length falling away; sp. +10 × 4. (16-18 × 5 Sacc.) + +=scobinacea=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. gibbous, somewhat sulcate, at first +covered with crowded, blackish adpressed squamules; g. adnate, +crenulate, purplish; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white, apex mealy, +ring superior, fugacious; sp. ----. + +[=sulcata=, Gill. P. conico-campan. umb. covered except at summit with +branched ridges, reddish; g. distant; s. white, striate below and mealy +above the ring. + +[=sulcatula=, Gill. P. convex, rugosely ridged, when young with reddish +superficial scales, then naked and whitish or tinged red at disc; +sooty-brown, edge whitish, denticulate; s. elongated, squamulose up to +ring, striate above, white, base rooting very cottony. + +[=cotonea=, Q. At first entirely white. P. 5-7 cm. spherical then +convex, snow-white, covered with floccose squamules; g. sinuate, white, +then purple, at length brownish-purple, edge white; s. 3-6 cm. +fistulose, curved, floccosely scaly, apex glabrous, ring floccose; sp. +10 long. + +Quélet considers this species to be identical with _Hyph. +lacrymabundum_, Fries. + +=Battarrae=, Fr. P. hemispher. then exp., more or less olive, covered +with adpressed squamules most crowded at the disc; g. sinuate, white +then rosy, finally purple-brown, edge white; s. fistulose, whitish, with +brownish or olive squamules up to ring, apex pruinose, ring thin, white, +partly appendiculate; sp. 10 long. + +[=punctulata=, Kalchbr. P. thin, convex, dry, pallid, squamulosely +punctate from the veil, then naked; g. sinuato-adnate with a decur. +tooth, pale umber; s. stuffed, pallid, squamulose from the veil above. + +=Jerdoni=, B. and Br. P. 4-5 cm. exp. umbo fleshy, broad, ochraceous +with snow-white evanescent flecks; g. adnate with a decur. line, +transversely striate; s. 5-7 cm. snow-white and pulverulent above, +brownish squamulose below, ring superior; sp. 10 × 5. + +=spintrigera=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. ovate then exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, +brownish or pinkish tan then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. +hollow, floccosely-fibrillose, white, ring distant, fugacious; sp. ----. + +=hypsipoda=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, hygr. +brownish yellow; g. white then fuscous; s. 7-11 cm. hollow, equal, +glabrous, whitish, ring median, persistent; sp. 12-14 × 6-7. + +=cothurnata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, thin, white, not hygr.; g. +adnexed, crowded; s. floccosely villose up to median ring, white. + + +ANELLARIA, Karst. + +=separata=, Karst. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, not exp. viscid, dull +ochre then pale and often rugulose; g. adfixed, greyish black; s. 6-10 +cm. straight, white, base thickened, ring distant; sp. 10 × 7. (16-22 × +10-15 Sacc.) + +=scitula=, Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan. obtuse, smooth, viscid, drab or +dingy ochre; g. almost free, grey; s. 2-3 cm. peronate up to inferior +ring; sp. 12-13 × 4. + +=fimiputris=, Karst. P. 2.5-4 cm. conico-exp. thin, subgibbous, viscid, +dusky grey; paler when dry; g. adfixed, livid blackish; s. 6-10 cm. +pallid, slender, equal, pallid, with ring reduced to a zone; sp. 9-10 × +6. + + +GOMPHIDIUS, Fr. + +=glutinosus=, Schaeff. P. 4-10 cm. obtuse, glutinous, purplish-brown; g. +slightly decur. whitish then grey; s. 4-9 cm. whitish, ring indistinct, +solid, flesh white, yellow at base; sp. 18-20 × 6-7. + +var. _roseus_, Fr. Smaller. P. rosy; s. white, base rosy outside and +inside. + +=viscidus=, Sow. P. 5-12 cm. fleshy, at length umb. edge acute, viscid, +reddish-brown; g. decur. purple-umber, branched; s. 6-10 cm. +yellow-brown, flesh yellow-brown, deepest at base; sp. 18-20 × 6. + +var. _testaceus_, Fr. P. and base of s. outside and in brick-red; g. +plano-decur. + +=maculatus=, Scop. P. 5-7 cm. convex, viscid, whitish, spotted with +black when old; g. decur. branched, umber; s. 3-4 cm. cylindrical, +yellow, flesh reddish. + +var. _Cookei_, Mass. P. 2-4 cm. convex then either subdepr. or gibbous, +viscid, whitish with black stains; g. decur. whitish then brownish; s. 6 +cm. narrowed downwards, pale then blackish, flesh dark at base; sp. 20 × +5-6. + +=gracilis=, B. P. 2-3 cm. conical then hemispher. sometimes depr. and +subumb. vinous brown, or tan with gluten that leaves blackish spots; g. +decur. whitish then bistre; s. 3-5 cm. flexuous, pallid, base yellow; +sp. 16-18 × 5. + + +HYPHOLOMA, Fr. + + * FASCICULARES. _Pileus tough, glabrous, bright coloured when dry, + not hygr._ + +=silaceum=, Pers. P. 6-8 cm. convex, orange-rufous, edge whitish and +silky; g. adnate, grey then olive; s. 6-7 cm. bulbous, shining; sp. +----. + +Fries says it is solitary, Secretan says caespitose from a common base. + +=sublateritium=, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. convexo-plane, discoid, dry, +becoming glabrous, orange brick-red, edge pale, flesh compact, whitish; +g. adnate, white then smoky olive; s. 6-10 cm. fibrillose, rusty; sp. 8 +× 4. + +var. _Schaefferi_, Fr. P. yellow; s. hollow, equal. + +var. _squamosa_, Fr. P. brick-red, edge yellow with superficial scales, +flesh thick, yellowish. + +[=transversum=, Gill. P. exp. obtusely umb. glabrous, brick-red, disc +darker; g. yellowish, narrowed at both ends, connected by strong veins; +s. solid, glabrous, pale above, base rusty. + +=capnoides=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse, very glabrous, yellow +or tinged tawny; g. adnate, grey then purplish; s. 5-9 cm. pallid, +slightly silky; sp. 8 × 4. + +=epixanthum=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. subgibbous, silky then glabrous, pale +yellow, disc often tawny, flesh yellow; g. yellowish white then grey; s. +7-10 cm. floccosely fibrillose, whitish, apex mealy; sp. 7 × 4. + +=elaeodes=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subumb. dry, glabrous, brick-red, flesh +yellow; g. green then pure olive; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, rusty; sp. 5-6 +× 3-4. + +=fasciculare=, Huds. Fasciculate, taste bitter. P. 2-5 cm. exp. subumb. +tawny, edge pale; g. adnate, closely crowded, yellow then greenish, +subliquescent; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, flesh like that of p. +yellow; sp. 7 × 4. + +Said to be a parasite on the roots of raspberry. + +=instratum=, Britz. P. 2-4 cm. convex, broadly umb. dark brown, radially +rugose; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. squamulose and brownish downwards; sp. 8 × +4. + +[=aelopodium=, Fr. P. fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, +rufescent; g. adnate, yellowish then brownish-olive; s. fistulose with a +free tube inside, variegated with minute red squamules. + +=dispersum=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. P. fleshy, exp. obtuse, tawny, +honey-colour near the edge and silky; s. 5-9 cm. tough, +silky-fibrillose, base brownish; g. subventricose, crowded, then +clouded; sp. 7 × 3-4. (14 × 6 Sacc.) + +[=irroratum=, Karst. P. convex, plane, gibbous, even, tawny +honey-colour, edge silky pruinose; g. adnate, crowded, edge dentate, +straw-colour then darker and tinged green; s. tough, fibrillosely-silky, +pallid, equal, wavy below and with dense rusty down, rooting; sp. 6-8 × +4. + +Smell and taste very sour. Differs from _H. dispersum_ in stem and silky +silvery edge of p. + + ** VISCIDI. _Pileus naked, viscid._ + +[=Gilletii=, Alex. P. exp. glutinous, rusty or ochre, edge lilac; g. +adnate, reddish-violet; s. solid, curved, strigosely-squamose, colour of +p. + +=incomptum=, Mass. P. 6-9 cm. campan. then exp. broadly umb. viscid when +moist, deep bay-brown, tawny-orange when dry, edge wavy; g. olive +clouded purple; s. 6-7 cm. rusty squamulose; sp. 8 × 3.5. + +=oedipus=, Cke. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. hemispher. edge ragged, glutinous, umber +edge paler; g. adnate; s. 4-5 cm. enlarged downwards to the bulbous +base, ring median; sp. ----. + +[=Buxbaumii=, Weinm. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-white; g. +adnate, greyish-black; s. solid, long, equal, shining-white; sp. ----. + +[=Prescotii=, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, rufescent; g. adnate, +crowded, grey then fuscous-violet; s. stuffed, equal, elastic, white, +with pale rufescent squamules. + + *** VELUTINI. _Pileus innately fibrillose, silky or virgate._ + +=storea=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. convexo-plane, umb. dry, fibrillose with +longitudinal fibrils, pale fuscous then pallid; g. adnate, dry, edge +white-serrulate; s. 8-10 cm. solid, pallid; sp. ----. + +=lacrymabundum=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex, obtuse, piloso-squamose, scales +innate darker, whitish then darker; g. adnate, crowded, brownish-purple; +s. hollow, fibrillosely-squamulose, whitish, flesh whitish; sp. 10 × +5-6. + +var. _hypoxanthum_ (= _Ag. hypoxanthus_, Phil. and Plow.). Base of s. +and mycelium yellow; sp. 9-11 × 5. + +Quélet considers this species to be identical with his _Stroph. +cotonea_. + +=pyrotrichum=, Holmsk. P. 5-9 cm. hemispher. densely covered with +tawny-red squamules of fasciculate hairs; flesh and veil tawny; g. +adnate; s. 6-9 cm. fibrillose, tawny; sp. 11 × 6. + +var. _egregius_, Mass. S. with spreading whitish squamules largest near +ring. + +=velutinum=, Pers. P. 5-9 cm. campan. then exp. at length obtusely umb. +hygr. at first tomentose with adpr. fibrils then glabrous, livid then +paler, flesh very thin; g. seceding, brownish-bay, spotted black; s. +hollow, silky, pallid; sp. 10-12 × 5-6. + +var. _leiocephalum_, B. and Br. Smaller; disc rugged, smooth except +margin. + +Quélet considers this species to represent the true _Ag. lachrymabundus_ +of Bulliard, tab. 194. + +[=melantinum=, Fr. P. campan. then exp. umber then pale, variegated with +black innate pilose squamules; g. adnexed, ventricose, pale umber; s. +fistulose, pallid, fibrillosely hispid; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +[=lepidotum=, Bres. P. convex, exp. subgibbous, chestnut, centre +fuscous, with black fibrils which are here and there compacted into +squamules, densely striate; g. crowded, almost free, purple-brown, edge +fimbriate, white; s. white, apex white-scurfy, veil evanescent; sp. 7-8 +× 4-5. + + **** FLOCCOLUSI. _Pileus with superficial, floccose scales which + fall away._ + +=cascum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. oval then exp. rugulose, becoming glabrous, +greyish ochre then pale; g. ventricose, dry, very broad, grey then +blackish brown; s. 5-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white; sp. ----. + +[=sylvestre=, Gill. P. conical then exp. obtuse, white at first, soon +covered with large, adpressed brown or blackish, fibrillose scales, +margin appendiculate at first; g. crowded; s. cylindrical, wavy, white. + +=punctulatum=, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. 2-3 cm. convex, edge incurved, +pallid, minutely squamulose; g. sinuato-adnate; s. 2-5 cm. +squamuloso-fibrillose up to ring; sp. ----. + +[=coriarium=, Vitt. P. convex then depr. discoid, floccosely scaly then +almost glabrous, clay-colour, disc darker; g. pinkish then ochre; s. +hollow, clavate, apex dilated. + +[=intonsum=, Pass. P. flocculosely tomentose, veil membranaceous, +appendiculate spreading; g. adnate, rosy then bay, edge white crenulate; +s. hollow, white, striate, apex flocculose. + +[=artemisiae=, Passer. P. thin, exp. flocculose, edge incurved, white +veil evident; g. adnate, crowded, white then fuscescent, edge white, +entire; s. thick, white, apex narrowed and striate, base floccose. + + ***** APPENDICULATI. _Pileus glabrous, hygrophanous._ + +=lanaripes=, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. exp. edge upturned, centre conical, pallid, +squamose, veil attached to margin; g. adnexed; s. 4-7 cm. fibrillose, +white; sp. ----. + +[=coronatum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, subisabelline centre darker +and variegated with darker spots, edge with tooth-like fragments of +veil; g. adnate, closely crowded, very narrow; s. glabrous, even, white. + +=Candolleanum=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. campan. then exp. bay then whitish, apex +tinged ochre, pruinose; g. sinuate, lilac then purple-brown, edge white; +s. 4-7 cm. fistulose, slender, fibrillose, apex striate, veil +membranous, forming a ring or appendiculate, white; sp. 8-10 × 4-5. + +Differs from _H. appendiculatum_ in the gills being lilac or violet when +young. + +[=violaceo-atrum=, Letell. Caespitose. P. conical then exp. umb. dusky +violet; g. brownish violet; s. fistulose, even, whitish. + +=appendiculatum=, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. ovate then exp. bay then whitish, +rugulose, and atomate; g. white then fleshy brown; s. 5-7 cm. glabrous, +white; sp. 5 × 2.5. (6-8 × 3-4 Sacc.) + +Differs from _H. Candolleanum_ by absence of violet in gills when young. + +=hydrophilum=, Bull. (_Bolbitius_, Fr.). Tufted. P. 3-5 cm. convex then +exp. often rather wavy and rugulose, glabrous, bay then ochre; g. +adnexed, crowded, with beads of moisture, fuscous-cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. +pallid; sp. 5 × 3, rusty cinnamon. + +Differs from _Psil. spadicea_ in the rusty cinnamon gills and spores. + +[=sublentum=, Karst. P. tough, campan.-convex, exp. obtuse, wavy, +rugulose towards the edge which is silky from veil, glabrous, hygr. +smoky rufous or brown then pale; g. adnate, purplish brown, edge white, +flocculosely crenate; s. fibrous, hollow, white, veil append.; sp. 8-10 +× 4-5. + +[=subpapillatum=, Karst. Caespitose. P. exp. wavy, glabrous, rough with +minute crowded warts, bay or rufous-cinnamon then pale ochre and +wrinkled; g. dry; s. equal, silky-shining, apex striate and pruinose, +becoming pale; sp. 5 × 2.5-3. + +Differs from _Hypholoma appendiculatum_ in granulose p. + +=catarium=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. hemispher. exp. ochraceous then pale; g. +adnate, white then fuscous; s. 3-4 cm. white, rather shining, base +thickened and white-floccose; sp. 6 × 3. + +=leucotephrum=, B. and Br. Tufted. P. 5-7 cm. campan. exp. whitish, +rugose, append.; g. grey then blackish; s. 6-9 cm. apex coarsely +striate, ring ample; sp. 10 × 6. + +[=felinum=, Pass. P. hemispher. exp. glabrous, hygr.; g. adnate, white, +then fuscous; s. fistulose, short, slender, somewhat shining, base +thickened and white floccose, apex striate. + +=egenulum=, B. and Br. Solitary. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umb. watery white, +smooth, edge appendiculate; g. purplish umber, edge white; s. 4-5 cm. +fistulose; sp. ----. + +=pilulaeforme=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. globose then exp. even, fuscous then +ochre; g. white then brownish; s. 2-3 cm. white, at first with a ring; +sp. ----. + + +PANAEOLUS, Fr. + + * _Pileus viscid, shining when dry._ + +=leucophanes=, B. and Br. P. 2 cm. campan. obtuse, whitish, satiny, edge +with fragments of veil; g. adnate, edge white; s. 4-5 cm. white, +slightly wavy; sp. 11-13 × 7-8. + +=egregius=, Mass. P. 4-5 cm. ovate-campan. even, orange-brown; g. +adnexed, broad, edge paler; s. 9-12 cm. pale brown; sp. 15-17 × 7-8. + +=phalenarum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, greyish then +yellowish, veil append.; g. broad, greyish then black; s. 6-10 cm. +equal, pruinose, pale rufescent; sp. 10 × 6. + +Differs from _P. papilionaceus_ in viscid p. + + ** _Pileus not viscid, moist, subflocculose when dry._ + +=retirugis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. globose then hemisph. subumb. pinkish tan, +atomate, opaque, with anastomosing raised ribs; g. greyish black; s. 5-9 +cm. equal, pruinose, purplish; sp. 11-13 × 7. (15-20 × 8-9 Sacc.) + +Margin often appendiculate. + +[=remotus=, Schaeff. P. campan.-convex, subumb. flocculosely-rugulose +when dry, smoky-tawny; g. free, at length remote, ventricose, black; s. +fistulose, slender, fuscescent; sp. 11-12 × 8-9. + +=sphinctrinus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. parabolic, obtuse, even, moist, grey or +smoky-black, livid and rather silky when dry, veil append.; g. adnate, +grey or olive then blackish with a very narrow white edge; s. 4-7 cm. +sooty grey, apex even; sp. 15-17 × 9-10. + + *** _Pileus not viscid, smooth, rather polished, zoneless._ + +=campanulatus=, L. P. 2-3 cm. campan. slightly viscid, sooty grey, paler +and the cuticle often cracking or peeling when dry; g. adfixed, crowded, +grey spotted with black, often with beads of moisture; s. fistulose, +rufescent or reddish-grey, everywhere pruinose, summit striate; sp. 8-9 +× 6. (15-18 × 9-13, Sacc.) + +=papilionaceus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. pruinose, greyish, cracked +into squamules when dry; g. broadly adnate, very broad, grey spotted +with black; s. 6-9 cm. whitish, apex with white meal; sp. 11-12 × 7. (18 +long, Quélet.) + +[=subfirmus=, Karst. P. convex then plane, centre subdepr. but also +subumb. even, glabrous, shining, disc subrugulose, dry, pale, smoky line +often present near edge; g. adnexed with decur. tooth, lanceolate, +black; s. wavy, glabrous, pale, apex flocculosely scaly; sp. 12-14 × +7-9. + +=caliginosus=, Jungh. P. 2 cm. campan. obtuse, even, brown; g. adnexed, +lanceolate; s. 4-7 cm. equal, even, naked, colour of p.; sp. 10 × 6-7. +(16-18 × 10 Sacc.) + +[=Quéletii=, Schulz. Solitary, hygr. P. conical, even, pale umber disc +fuscescent; g. free, ventricose, blackish, edge white; s. straight, +thinner upwards, tinged reddish; sp. 13-14 long. + + **** _Pileus dry, with a dark marginal zone._ + +=subbalteatus=, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 3-5 cm. convex, hygr. +fawn-colour, rugose when dry; g. adnate, edge white, serrulate; s. 4-6 +cm. red-brown, fibrous, white-fibrillose; sp. 14-15 × 8-9. + +=acuminatus=, Fr. P. conico-campan. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, glabrous, shining, +pinkish-buff, with a dark line near the edge; g. adnexed, very broad, +whitish then grey, finally dusky bistre; s. 2-3 cm. slender, fistulose, +whitish, shining, base brownish, thickened, white and downy; sp. 18 +long. + +[=guttulatus=, Bres. P. convexo-exp. often subumb. edge involute then +spreading, black, then disc tawny, at first with grey bloom; g. colour +of p. edge white pruinose then fringed with drops; s. equal, fistulose, +tinged fuscous then greyish-scurfy; sp. 10 × 4. + +=fimicola=, Fr. P. 2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, grey then yellowish; g. +adnate, broad; s. 5-9 cm. pallid, with white meal upwards; sp. 16 × +8-10. + +var. _cinctulus_, Bolton. P. reddish-cinnamon; s. dingy brown. + +[=hypomelas=, Batt. P. exp. rufous-tomentose, disc blackish; g. crowded, +intensely black; s. stuffed, narrowed downwards, greyish-white. + +[=gomphodes=, Batt. P. campan.-convex, gibbous, dusky rufous, pannose +when dry; g. free, blackish; s. stout, rigid, ascending, flocculose, +rufescent, veil arachnoid. + +[=Larchenfeldii=, Schulz. P. subgl. silvery, silky shining, subumbil. +deeply sulcate, edge grey, wavy; g. irreg. plicate; s. hollow, with +brown fibrils. + + +PSATHYRELLA, Fr. + + * _Stem straight, glabrous._ + +=subatrata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, rufous-umber, paler when +dry, edge striate; g. adnate, crowded; s. 8-10 cm. fistulose, white then +pallid; sp. 12-15 × 6-8. + +=gracilis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. smoky or greyish then rosy, slightly +striate only when moist; g. broadly adnate, edge rosy; s. 6-7 cm. +fragile, straight, pallid; sp. 7 × 3.5. (12-14 × 6-8 Sacc.) + +Pileus tinged rose and rugulose when dry. + +[=longicauda=, Karst. P. convex, glabrous, pellucidly striate to umbo, +smoky yellow, hygr.; g. adnate, crowded, blackish purple, edge white; +s. fistulose, equal, subglabrous, apex white-mealy, remarkably rooting; +sp. 13-16 × 7-9. + +Differs from _P. gracilis_ in larger sp., white edge to g., and rooting +stem. + +[=squamifera=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, pellucidly striate to middle, +rugulose, livid fuscous, pale tan when dry, with scattered, white +fibrillose scales; g. adnate, entirely grey then fuscescent; s. equal, +silky, apex pruinoso-flocculose then almost glabrous, pallid, base +oblique, strigosely rooting; sp. 11-13 × 6. + +Differs from _P. gracilis_ in silky s., gills all one colour, &c. + +[=impatiens=, Fr. P. thin, campan. obtuse, livid yellow, +furcato-sulcate; g. adnate; s. straight, weak, white; sp. 12-15 × 6-8. + +[=biformis=, Schulz. P. conic, even, glabrous, white then tinged +flesh-colour; g. sinuato-adnexed, ventricose; s. filiform, glabrous, +even, whitish; sp. 11-14 × 6. + +=hiascens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. brownish, fisso-sulcate; g. +adnato-linear; s. 3-4 cm. straight, glabrous, white; sp. 7 × 3.5. (10-12 +× 7-10 Sacc.) + +[=gracilipes=, Pat. P. persistently campan. sulcate up to disc, +reddish-brown; g. nearly free, broad, blackish, subdeliquescent; s. +slender, tall, rigid, hollow, whitish, ring median, very distinct, +fugacious; sp. 8 × 4. + +=arata=, B. P. 2-3 cm. campan.-conic, rather acute, brown then paler, +coarsely sulcate; g. free; s. 8-12 cm. white; sp. ----. + +=trepida=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, fragile, densely and finely +striate, dusky; g. ventricose, crowded; s. 6-7 cm. pellucid, hyaline; +sp. 12 diam. + +=hydrophora=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. and striate, edge +revolute, disc rufous; g. adnate, crowded, narrow; s. 5-7 cm. straight +from a curved base, white, beaded with drops of water; sp. 11-18 × 7-8. + +[=graveolens=, Sacc. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. obtusely umb. +blackish fuscous, silky-atomate; g. rather crowded, broadish, black; s. +slender, cylindrical, glabrous, fuscous; sp. 5-6 × 2. + +[=ampelina=, Foex and Viala. P. conical then exp. almost smooth, pale +brown, thin, slightly pilose; g. crowded, narrow, rosy violet then +greyish brown; s. white, shining, springing from a copious creeping +mycelium; sp. 4-5 long. + + ** _Stem more or less flexuous, apex mealy._ + +=caudata=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. striate, hygr. dry, disc even, +pinkish tan; g. adnate, very broad; s. 7-11 cm. slightly narrowed to +rooting base, whitish; sp. 12-15 × 6-9. + +[=circellatipes=, Ben. Caespitose, hygr. P. conico-campan. pilose then +glabrous, rufous-brown then tawny ochre, at last pale ochre; g. +blackish, edge white, denticulate; s. long, white or pallid, apex +mealy, base with several delicate, narrow, tawny ochre rings; sp. 13-15 +× 8-9. + +[=sulcata=, Dun. P. campan. umb. bay then blackish; g. broad, +subliquescent; s. stuffed, equal. + +[=asperella=, Q. P. cinnamon, apex darker, becoming pale, whitish and +transparent, squamulose when young; g. distant, narrowed at both ends, +whitish then powdered with the black spores; s. short, thick, +cylindrical then elongated, wavy, white, base often swollen; sp. 6-9 × +4. + +=prona=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. hemispher. striate, hygr. smoky, opaque and +silky-atomate when dry; g. adnate, grey then dusky-violet, edge often +rosy; s. 2-3 cm. equal, flexuous, whitish; sp. 10 × 4-5. (12-18 × 8-9 +Sacc.) + +=empyreumatica=, B. and Br. Strong scented. P. 2-3 cm. exp. hygr. rufous +then pale and atomate; g. adnate, broad, connected by veins, edge pale; +s. 4-6 cm. silkily-scurfy, pale; sp. ----. + +Closely resembling _Pholiota confragosa_. + +[=infida=, Q. P. conical, 1 cm. very thin, floccosely downy, greyish +bistre; g. adnate, triangular, distant, creamy then flesh-colour, +finally bay with a white edge; s. fistulose, filiform, wavy, somewhat +pruinose, pinkish bistre; sp. 12 long. + +=atomata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, slightly striate, hygr., +rugulose, atomate, pale ochre, whitish, or tinged rose when dry; g. +adnate, broad; s. 4-5 cm. slightly flexuous, white, apex scurfy; sp. 10 +× 4. (13-15 × 5-8 Sacc.) + +Differs from _P. gracile_ in flexuous and scurfy s. and not rose-edged +gills. + +var. _expolita_, Fr. Smaller. P. conical, edge striate; s. undulating, +glabrous; sp. 12-14 × 6. + +[=subatomata=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, fragile, deeply striate, hygr. +rugose when dry, grey or livid, centre more or less bay, tinged rosy +when dry; g. adnexed, ventricose, greyish then black, edge rosy; +hyaline, pallid, white when dry, apex pruinose, base fibrously rooting; +sp. 10-14 × 5-7. + +[=subrosea=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, entirely striate, naked, +livid fuscous, rosy in dry weather; g. adnate, segmentoid, grey, edge +rosy; s. wavy, naked, whitish; sp. 10-13 × 5-6. + +[=expolita=, Fr. Small. P. conical, edge striate, and with the wavy +stem, glabrous; g. not crowded, greyish-brown; s. 12-14 × 6. + +=crenata=, Lasch. P. 1.5-2 cm. hemispher. sulcate, edge crenate, +yellowish and atomate when dry; g. adnate; s. 3-5 cm. whitish, striate +and mealy upwards; sp. 11-13 × 5-6. + +=disseminata=, Pers. Densely tufted. P. 1-1.5 cm. ovate-campan. +furfuraceous then naked, sulcate, yellowish then grey; g. adnate; s. 2-3 +cm. lax, scurfy then glabrous; sp. 6-10 × 3-5. + +[=consimilis=, Bres. and Henn. P. conico-campan. exp. hyaline yellowish +at first then centre yellowish, edge greyish-fuscous, striate, glabrous; +g. rotundato-adnate, white then flesh-colour, then blackish-brown, edge +white fimbriate; s. hyaline white, fibrillose then almost glabrous; sp. +6-7 × 3.5-4, cystidia fusoideo-ventricose. + +[=subtilis=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, almost glabrous, hygr. pellucidly +striate when moist, ochre then pale; g. adnate, edge whitish; s. +filiform, lax, glabrous; sp. 12-16 × 5-8. + +With a scurfy veil when young? + + +PSATHYRA, Fr. + + I. CONOPILEI. _Pileus conico-campanulate; gills ascending, adnexed, + often free._ + +=elata=, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. high, obtusely campan. even, glabrous, dark +brown then pale and atomate; g. adnate; s. 9-15 cm. straight, slightly +narrowed upwards, white, shining; sp. 18 × 8-9. + +=conopilea=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. even, glabrous, bay then pale; g. +slightly adnexed; s. 8-14 cm. narrowed upwards, white, shining; sp. 14 × +7. + +=mastigera=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. nearly cylindrical obtuse then +conico-campan. with a strong umbo, usually wavy, brown then pale; g. +affixed, umber, edge pale; s. 6-7 cm. whitish or tinged purple; sp. +15-16 × 7-8. + +=glareosa=, B. and Br. P. 1.5 cm. campan. grey, striate, minutely +tomentose; g. broadly adnate; s. 3-5 cm. brown with white fibrils; sp. +----. + +[=griseobadia=, Pat. P. hemispher. striate, pruinosely pulverulent, dry, +tough, reddish-fuscous; g. numerous, unequal, entire, adnate, fuscous; +s. slender, glabrous, reddish, dry, tough; sp. 10 × 7. + +[=Loscosii=, Rab. P. thin, campan.-exp. greyish fuscous, sulcate, folds +at length granulato-crenate, edge incurved; g. adnate; s. long, tough, +equal, pallid fuscescent. + +=corrugis=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. campan. umb. rather rugose, pale ochre +often tinged pink; g. sinuate, adnexed; s. 4-7 cm. equal, glabrous, +white; sp. 12-14 × 6. + +var. _vinosus_, Corda. P. with rosy tinge; s. short. + +var. _gracilis_, Bull. (= _P. pellosperma_, Cke.). Slenderer than type. + +[=Barlae=, Bresad. P. campan. exp. purplish brown then reddish umber, +centre tawny, reticulately rugulose; g. purplish then fuscous, edge +white; s. tall, stout, hollow, purplish upwards inside and out, pale +below, base strigose, veil white; sp. 12-15 × 7-8. + +[=torpens=, Weinm. P. campan. obtuse, even, becoming pale; g. dry, +brown, edge white; s. slender, glabrous, white. + +var. _astrospora_, Q. Subhygr. very fragile, blackish grey then +fuscescent, glabrous; g. adnato-decur. dusky brown-purple then blackish; +s. straight, rigid, hollow, white, striate and white-mealy above; sp. +black, 11-14 × 5. + +=tenuicula=, Karst. P. very thin, campan. subexp. everywhere striate, +whitish, then livid or smoky, pale when dry; g. adnate, pallid then +grey; s. usually wavy, hyaline, pellucid, glabrous; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +[=subliquescens=, Schum. P. conico-exp. brown-striate, viscid; g. nearly +free, subliquescent; s. elongated, attenuated, straight, pale brown. + +[=typhae=, Kalchb. Small. P. thin, convex, striate, glabrous, pallid +ochre then pale umber; g. nearly free, whitish then fuscous; s. naked, +whitish, seated on an orbicular membranaceous arachnoid mycelium. + +var. _iridis_, Boud. P. fuscous, striate, umbo rugulose, semipellucid; +s. with a median ring; sp. 10-13 × 6-7. + +[=stricta=, Trog. P. campan. silky-even, dry, pallid; g. adnexed, +subdeliquescent, purplish umber; s. tall, straight, glabrous, white. + +=gyroflexa=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-campan. striate, atomate, grey, disc +rufescent when dry; g. adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. flexuous, silky, white; sp. +8-10 × 4-5. + + II. OBTUSATI. _Pileus campanulato-convex, expanding, glabrous or + atomate, gills plano- or arcuato-adfixed._ + +=spadiceo-grisea=, Schaeff. P. 3-4 cm. conico-campan. then exp. subumb. +glabrous, striate to middle, hygr. bay then greyish; g. narrow; sp. 8-10 +long. + +=obtusata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan. then exp. obtuse, glabrous, +corrugated, hygr. rather shining, umber then pale; g. adnate; s. 2-4 cm. +pallid, base incurved; sp. 6-7 × 4. + +[=ombrophila=, Karst. P. plane, orbicular, subgibbous, even, granular; +g. adnexed, blackish; s. reddish, base subtuberous; sp. yellowish, 4-6 × +2-3. + +=neglecta=, Mass. P. 6-8 mm. convex then exp. even, glabrous, pale +ochre, atomate and whitish when dry; g. purple-brown; s. 2-3 cm. rather +wavy, white, pellucid; sp. 12 × 6; cystidia abundant, fusiform. + +Differs from _P. urticaecola_ in glabrous p. + +[=fagicola=, Lasch. P. thin, campan. obtuse, striate, viscid, +greenish-blue, sublivid, fuscescent; g. adnexed then separating, +subliquescent, brown. + +[=Falkii=, Weinm. P. thin, hemispher.-exp. pellucid, moist, hygr. mealy +grey when dry; g. laxly adfixed, ventricose, umber then fuscous-purple. + +[=solitaria=, K. Fragile. P. campan.-exp. glabrous, umber, pallid tan +when dry; s. fistulose, equal, whitish, fibrillose, base with white +down; sp. 6-7 × 3, cystidia ventricose-fusoid. + +[=pallens=, Karst. P. convex, even, often rugulose when dry, atomate, +naked, whitish when dry; g. subadnate, ascending, grey, edge rosy; s. +equal, straight, naked, pallid; sp. 18-25 × 12-13; cystidia fusoid. + + III. FIBRILLOSI. _Pileus and stem floccose or fibrillose at first + from the universal veil._ + +=frustulenta=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemisph. obtuse, slightly striate, +albo-floccose at edge, pallid brown, hygr.; g. adnate, cinnamon; s. 4-5 +cm. rather wavy, flocculose, white; sp. 10 × 4, pale rusty brown. (5-7 × +3-4 Sacc.) + +Much like a _Galera_ in colour of sp. + +[=bipellis=, Q. P. campan. then exp. 2-3 cm. hygr. purple-bay then +micaceous and rosy, edge with white silky flecks; g. adnate, rosy then +dusky violet with a narrow white edge; s. fistulose, fragile, mealy at +the apex, downy then satiny, white, often tinged violet; sp. 15 long. + +[=subunda=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. umb. atomate, pellucidly +striate, even, glabrous, pale tan or pale livid, whitish when dry, with +scattered fibrils; g. adnate, crowded, grey then tinged violet, finally +brown; s. cylindrical, shining, white; sp. 8-9 × 4. + +[=Schulzeri=, Q. (= _Ag. flavescens_, Q.) P. conoid-hemisph. then exp. +white, apex yellow or brown, even; g. purple-brown, edge whitish; s. +cartilaginous, glabrous, white; sp. 5-8 long. + +=bifrons=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. campan. obtuse, rugulose, +brownish-ochre, at first fibrillose; g. adnate, edge toothed; s. 4-7 cm. +naked, shining, white; sp. 8 × 4. + +var. _semitincta_, Phil. P. pinkish; sp. 12 × 5. + +=semivestita=, B. and Br. P. 1.5-2 cm. ovate-campan. obtuse, even, bay +then pale ochre, when young lower half white-fibrillose; g. broad; s. +5-7 cm. white, fibrillose below; sp. 10-12 × 5. + +=fatuus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. ovato-campan. then exp. rugose, fibrillose then +glabrous, dingy ochre then pale; g. adnate, brown; s. 5-9 cm. white, +apex striate, mealy; sp. 12-13 × 6-7. + +=fibrillosa=, Pers. P. 3-4 cm. campan. then exp. slightly striate, +fibrillose, livid then pale; g. adnate, very broad behind; s. 4-5 cm. +white, fibrilloso-squamulose; sp. 12 × 5-6. + +=Gordoni=, B. and Br. Densely tufted. P. 2-4 cm. campan. pale grey then +white, floccose, edge sulcate; g. grey; s. 4-5 cm. white, floccose +below; sp. 14-15 long. + +=helobia=, Kalchbr. P. 2-4 cm. campan. then plane with concentric +ridges; radiately rugose, subumb. sooty brown, pale when dry; g. adnate, +sooty brown; s. 6-8 cm. reddish umber with white squamules; sp. 12 × 6. + +=pennata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, even, with feathery white +squamules, pale ochre; g. adnexed, broad; s. 4-5 cm. villose, silvery; +sp. 7-8 × 5. + +var. _fimicola_, Bern. P. rusty ochre; g. black, with a decur. tooth. + +var. _squamosa_, Karst. Stem everywhere with squarrose white floccose +scales; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +=gossypina=, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. campan. then exp. tomentose, soon +glabrous, edge striate, pale ochre; g. adnexed; s. 4-5 cm. tomentose, +whitish; sp. 10 × 6. + +[=squamosa=, Karst. P. campan. exp. tawny-fuscous, tan and scaly when +dry; g. adnate, crowded; s. equal, wavy, undulate, apex mealy then +glabrous, shining; sp. 6-10 × 3-5. + +Differs from _P. gossypina_ and _P. pennata_ in colour of p. and smaller +sp. + +=noli-tangere=, Fr. Very fragile. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-exp. everywhere +striate, hygr. squamulose near edge, pale umber then pale; g. adnate, +broad; s. brownish, apex smooth; sp. 12 × 5. + +[=laureata=, Q. P. convex, mammilate, glabrous, slightly viscid, greyish +bistre, edge with a double row of snow-white flecks; g. subdecur. broad, +triangular, greyish lilac; s. pruinose at summit, minutely velvety, +clear grey; sp. 8 long. + +Resembles _P. noli-tangere_ in appearance. + +=microrhiza=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. campan. even, dry, atomate, at first +yellow-pilose; g. crowded, narrow; s. 4-5 cm. silky, white, rooting; sp. +10-11 × 6. + +=urticaecola=, B. and Br. P. 4-5 mm. campan. flocculent, edge becoming +striate, white; g. chocolate; s. 1-2 cm. flocculent, white; sp. 7 × 4. + + +PSILOCYBE, Fr. + + I. TENACES. _Veil accidental, rarely conspicuous. Stem callous, + flexile, often coloured. Pileus pelliculose, often viscid in damp + weather, becoming somewhat pale, clear coloured._ + + * _Gills ventricose, not decurrent._ + +=sarcocephala=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. compact, exp. mealy then glabrous, pallid +rusty; g. adnate, very broad, grey then purplish bistre; s. 7-12 cm. +whitish, apex mealy; sp. 7 × 3.5. + +[=pertinax=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, reticulately rugose, +dusky-brown, disc even; g. adnate, crowded, rusty-brown; s. hollow, +fibrillosely striate, pallid. + +=nemophila=, Alex. P. exp. brick-red, even; g. deeply decur. very +narrow, edge crisped-dentate; s. solid, pale, fusiformly narrowed. + +=helvola=, Schaeff. P. 2-3 cm. conical then convex, yellow-brown, disc +darkest; g. broadly adnate, broad, purple-umber, edge whitish; s. 5-6 +cm. flexuous, pale, hollow; sp. obliquely elliptical, warted, 9-10 × +5-6. + +=atrobrunnea=, Lasch. P. campan.-convex, umb. even, brownish; g. adnexed +then seceding, rather distant, brownish; s. stuffed, long, fibrillose, +apex white-mealy; sp. 9-12 × 5-6. + +=ericaea=, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. exp. viscid when moist, tawny or bay then +yellowish and shining; g. adnate, broad, pruinose, at length black, edge +white; s. 6-9 cm. tough, pallid; sp. 9-10 × 5. + +=subericaea=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, obtuse, becoming plane, even, +smooth, tawny then pale; g. sinuate, adnexed, broad; s. 3-4 cm. equal, +smooth, yellowish, hollow; sp. 10 × 6. + +Differs from _P. ericaea_ in short s. and attachment of broad g. + +[=dichroa=, Karst. P. campan. subumb. edge slightly striate, bay then +tan; g. adfixed, broad, brownish-purple, edge whitish; s. pallid, then +fuscescent, silky. + +var. _minor_, Karst. Smaller. P. striate to middle; g. umber. + +[=lipophila=, Oud. P. convex, exp. obtuse, glabrous, viscid when moist, +pale rusty; g. adnexed then decur. broad; s. whitish, apex white, base +with white down; sp. 11-12 × 7. + +[=mutabilis=, Karst. P. tough, convex, obtuse, watery umber when moist, +tawny when dry, glabrous; g. adnate, crowded, broad; s. hollow, rigid, +equal, whitish-silky, tinged rusty especially downwards; sp. 7-10 × 3-4. + +=uda=, Pers. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. dry, rugulose, tawny then yellowish; g. +adfixed, purplish; s. 6-10 cm. pale, thin, tough, fibrillose base rusty; +sp. 10 × 5. (16-20 × 7-9 Karst.) + +var. _polytrichi_, Fr. P. campan.-convex then plano-depr. even, +glabrous, dry, pale yellow then whitish, edge pale; g. becoming decur.; +s. elongated, wavy, glabrous, pale tawny. + +var. _elongatus_, Pers. P. campan.-convex, striate when moist, livid- or +greenish-yellow, even and yellowish when dry. + +[=corneipes=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, glabrous, bay, edge striate; g. +adnate, very broad behind; s. horny, rigid, shining, blackish bay. + +=canofaciens=, Cke. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. disc fleshy, bay, with +white fibrils; g. adnate, umber; s. 4-7 cm. colour of p.; sp. 10 × 4, +some much larger. + +=areolata=, Klotzsch. P. 3-6 cm. exp. brownish ochre, cracked up into +patches; g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. dingy white, fibrillose; sp. 12-13 × 8. + +=virescens=, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. exp. brown then greenish yellow, cracked +into patches; g. adnexed, dingy purple, edge pale; s. 4-5 cm. apex +striate, greenish, base white; sp. 9 × 5. + +=agraria=, Fr. P. 2 cm. exp. white, not hygr.; g. adnate, white then +brown; s. 4-6 cm. glabrous, white; sp. ----. + +=chondroderma=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. bright dark brown, very +smooth, sometimes cracked, edge thin, append.; g. adfixed, brown, edge +white; s. 4-5 cm. subequal, paler than p., fibrillose, base squamulose; +sp. 7 × 3.5. + +=scobicola=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. white, glabrous; g. +adnexed, broad, reddish-brown; s. 2-3 cm. whitish, fibrillose, hollow; +sp. 8 × 5, pale. + + ** _Gills plane, very broad behind, subdecur._ + +=ammophila=, Mont. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umb. yellow-rufous, fibrillose; + +=coprophila=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. slightly viscid, hemispher. then exp. +umb. yellowish rufous; g. arcuato-subdecur. broad; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed +upwards, white, floccose then almost glabrous; sp. 13-14 × 8. + +Differs from _P. bullacea_ in absence of striae on p. + +=bullacea=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. hemispher. then exp. umb. finely striate to +middle, rather viscid, bay or brownish brick-red, then pale, often with +a white fringe at the edge, cuticle separable; g. adnate, almost +triangular, grey then brownish purple; s. 2-4 cm. slender, apex +pruinose, fawn, fibrillose, base rusty; sp. 9-11 × 4-7. + +=physaloides=, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate, rather +viscid, purple brown or bay then pale; g. subdecur. rather rusty then +purplish brown; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, base bay; sp. 12 × 6. + +[=ferrugineo-lateritia=, Vogl. P. convex, subumbil. edge substriate, +glabrous, subhygr. rusty brick-red; g. adnato-decur. purple-black; s. +cylindrical, colour of p. base white; sp. 7-9 × 4. + +[=libertata=, Fr. P. obconic, umbo hemispher. prominent, at first +hoarily silky then glabrous, dusky umber then pale; g. deeply decur.; s. +flexile. + +=atrorufa=, Schaeff. P. 2-2.5 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, edge +striate, purple-brown then pale; g. subdecur. broad, brown-violet with a +white edge; s. 5-7 cm. pale bay or fawn, pruinose, fibrillose at base; +sp. 10-12 × 6. (6-8 × 4-5 Karst.) + +=nuciseda=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. convex, obsoletely umb. rather silky when +dry and yellowish, dusky brown at first; g. adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. +brownish with white down, base narrowed; sp. 8 × 4. + + *** _Gills sublinear, ascending._ + +=tegularis=, Schum. P. campan. glabrous, tan, areolately cracked; g. +attenuato-adnexed; s. stuffed, narrowed upwards from a thickened base, +pallid. + +=compta=, B. and Br. P. 3-4 cm. conico-campan. then exp. subumb. edge +striate, pale ochre and atomate when dry; g. broad, adnate; s. 4-5 cm. +pale rufous; sp. ----. + +[=callosa=, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, even, glabrous, dry, white or +yellowish; g. adnate, ascending, ventricose, sooty black; s. tough, +equal, glabrous, pallid. + +=semilanceata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. acutely conical, slightly viscid and +striate when moist, pallid, often tinged yellow or green; g. adnexed; s. +4-7 cm. flexuous, pallid; sp. 10-12 × 6. + +var. _caerulescens_, Cke. P. rather obtuse; s. bluish at base. + + II. RIGIDI. _Veil absent. Stem rigid. Gills adnexed, very rarely + adnate._ + +[=phoenix=, Secr. P. campan. then exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous +then pale and shining; g. free; s. stuffed, striate, pallid, subbulbous. + +=canobrunnea=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, subviscid when moist, hygr. +fleshy-brown then pale; g. nearly free, brownish purple; s. 4-5 cm. +hollow, short, squamulose, whitish or greyish pink, rooting; sp. ----. + +[=Gilletii=, Karst. P. campan.-convex, often obliquely umb. glabrous, +livid grey with olive tinge, umb. tawny, then pale ochre; g. subadnate +soon free, grey- then livid-purple; s. fistulose, straight, equal, +glabrous, bay, apex paler and pruinose; sp. 10-13 × 5-6. + +[=simulans=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. usually obtusely umb. +glabrous, pale rusty with honey-colour tinge, pellucidly striate, edge +at first incurved, yellow tawny when dry; g. greyish with honey or olive +tinge; s. wavy, ascending, rather lubricous, shining, bay, apex paler; +sp. 4-6 × 3. + +=spadicea=, Fr. Subcaespitose. P. 3-7 cm. glabrous, humid, convex then +exp. edge at first incurved, dark bay or bistre-brown then pale; g. +adnate with decur. tooth, crowded, whitish then pinkish, at last +purple-brown; s. fistulose, equal, rigid, silky, whitish; sp. 10 × 5. + +var. _hygrophila_, Fr. Larger. P. fuscous then tan; s. subfusiformly +rooting; g. emarginate with a long decur. line. + +var. _polycephala_, Fr. Very densely tufted. P. rigid; s. slender, +slightly flexuous; g. nearly free, fuscous-umber. + +This is the commonest form in Britain. + +_Hypholoma hydrophilum_ differs in having fuscous-cinnamon, lachrymose +gills. + +=cernua=, Fl. Dan. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex then exp. glabrous, +micaceous, hygr. rugulose and pallid when dry; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. +white, apex even, pruinose; sp. 8 × 5. + +=squalens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. depr. even, glabrous, hygr. lurid then +pale; g. adnato-decur. tan then brown; s. 4-5 cm. not rooting, apex +striate, colour of p.; sp. ----. + +[=murcida=, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, slightly striate, hygr. even when +dry, bay then tan or rosy; g. adnate, segmentoid, umber; s. slender, +fragile, straight, naked. + +[=hebes=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, hygr. edge striate, lurid then +pale; g. adnate, triangular; s. glabrous, pallid. + +=foenisecii=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-exp. obtuse, dingy brown then +pale; g. adnate, ventricose, umber; s. 4-6 cm. not rooting, pale +reddish, glabrous; sp. 10 × 5-6. + +=clivensis=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. pale brown then pale ochre +or whitish; g. broad, adnate, emarginate, edge pale; s. 3 cm. silky, +base subclavate; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=vicina=, Fr. P. convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, umber then pale; +g. slightly adnexed, grey then blackish; s. stuffed, wavy, grey, apex +pruinose. + +=catervata=, Mass. Densely fasciculate. P. 1-2 cm. campan. obtuse, +white; g. slightly adnexed, crowded, edge entire, white; s. 3-4 cm. +white; sp. 12 × 4; cystidia fusiform. + + +COPRINUS, Fr. + + _Key to the Sections._ + +I. Volva distinct with a free edge; ring present or absent. p. 228. + +II. Volva absent; ring present on stem. p. 229. + +III. Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent. Pileus either +glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near the apex, not +splitting along the lines of the gills. p. 231. + +IV. Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident--at least in a young +state--as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion of the +pileus into patches, cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy. Not +glistening nor micaceous. p. 231. + +V. Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with glistening micaceous +particles when young. p. 236. + +VI. Volva, ring, and veil absent. Flesh very thin, pileus soon splitting +along the lines of the gills, scurfy or glabrous. p. 237. + + I. _Volva distinct, with a free margin; ring present or absent._ + + * _Large; pileus more than 2 cm. high and wide._ + + + _Stem white._ + +=sterquilinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. high, coarsely sulcate, silvery grey, +disc tawny with squarrose squamules; g. free; s. 9-15 cm. white, dark +when bruised; volva with free margin, sometimes a ring on stem; sp. +18-20 × 11-12. + +[=solstitialis=, Sacc. P. cylindric-ovate, whitish with concentric +over-lapping scales, expanding and blackish, grooved; g. free; s. white, +base volvate, ring imperfect. + +Smaller than _C. sterquilinus_, and stem not blackish when bruised. + +=oblectus=, Bolton. P. 3-5 cm. coarsely striate, whitish, glabrous, then +pale tawny and sprinkled with rose-coloured powder; g. free; s. 8-12 cm. +white; volva with recurved edge; sp. 18 × 11-12. + + ++ _Stem coloured._ + +=umbrinus=, Mass. At first entirely enclosed in a white volva, which +leaves patches on p. P. 4-5 cm. umber, sulcate up to disc; g. free; s. +10-15 cm. umber, margin of volva recurved; sp. 17-18 × 9. + +Differs from _C. stenocoleus_ in sulcate pileus and umber stem. + +[=stenocoleus=, Lindbl. P. 5-8 cm. umb. even, blackish with white +squamules; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. pale tawny; margin of volva free; sp. +----. + + ** _Small; pileus less than 2 cm. high and wide._ + + + _Volva entire._ + +[=cyclodes=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. high, campan. striate, glabrous, bay; g. +soon black; s. 4-5 cm. white, rather flexuous; edge of volva recurved; +sp. ----. + +[=equinus=, Chelch. P. ovate then campan. greyish white, disc darkest, +covered with darker scurf or flecks; g. free; s. long, glabrous, base +rather swollen, volva with a free edge which sometimes breaks away as a +ring; sp. 5-6. + +[=Trappenii=, Oud. P. campan. 1-1.5 cm. apex with fragments of volva, +then glabrous; g. purplish then black; s. 1-1.5 cm. white, volva entire; +sp. ----. + +=volvaceo-minimus=, Crossl. P. 4-5 mm. striate, grey with white +squamules; g. slightly adnexed; s. 2-2.5 cm. glabrous, hyaline, base +bulbous, volva with broad free edge; sp. 6-7. + +Differs from _C. Hendersonii_ in distinct volva and subglobose sp. + +_C. bulbillosus_ differs in absence of a marginate volva. + + ++ _Volva torn into shreds._ + +=dilectus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. very thin, campan., obtuse, finely striate, +rosy white then tawny, furfuraceo-floccose with rosy meal, at length +splitting, revolute and naked; g. free, sublanceolate, crowded; s. 5-7 +cm. whitish and powdered with rosy meal, base thickened, volva reduced +to squamules; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. oblectus_ in very rudimentary volva, and generally +smaller size. + +=roseotinctus=, Rea. P. 7-11 × 5-7 mm. cylindr. then revolute, umb. +brown with rosy meal; g. adnexed, broad; s. up to 5 cm. bulbous, white, +with rosy meal when young; sp. 9-11 × 5-6. + +Perhaps too closely allied to _C. dilectus_. + + II. _Volva absent, ring present on stem._ + + * _Large; Pileus 8-15 cm. high._ + +=comatus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. 9-15 cm. high, whitish or tinged +ochre, becoming broken up into large reflexed scales; g. very slightly +adnexed; s. 12-20 cm. white, base bulbous, rooting, ring loose; sp. +12-14 × 8-10. Edible. + +var. _clavatus_, Q. P. ovate, g. free, white then black, no intermediate +pink colour; s. without a ring. + +=ovatus=, Schaeff. P. 8-10 cm. high, ovate then exp. striate, soon +broken up into broad adpressed scales; g. free; s. white, base bulbous, +rooting, ring deciduous; sp. 12 × 8. Edible. + +Differs from _C. comatus_ in smaller size, and ovate form when young. + +=atramentarius=, Fr. P. rather fleshy, 8-12 cm. high, ovate then campan. +fluted, edge uneven, silvery grey, apex squamulose; g. free; s. 10-16 +cm. white, hollow, ring basal, evanescent; sp. 12 × 6. Edible. + +=soboliferus=, Fr. P. thin, ovate then exp. plicate below, disc +truncate, brownish with darker squamules, rest greyish white; g. free; +s. 12-20 cm. white, stuffed, ring fugacious; sp. 15 × 7. Edible. + +Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in squamulose truncate disc, stuffed +stem, and larger spores. + +[=pyrenaeus=, Q. P. narrowly ellipt. up to 10 cm. long, striate, pearl +grey, with a dense veil of free white fibrils; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. +hollow, white, ring basal, fugacious; sp. subgl. 12-18. + +Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in white veil. + +[=praegnans=, Fr. P. campan. 18-20 cm. high, not striate, grey, crowded +with white squamules; g. free, umber from first; s. solid, fusiform, +rooting, squamulose, ring free; sp. ----. + +Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in solid s. + + ** _Small; pileus never exceeding 3 cm. high._ + +=Hendersonii=, Fr. P. subcylindrical then exp. up to 1 cm. apex tawny +rest grey, fluted, minutely pruinose; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. with a +permanent ring below middle; sp. 10-12 × 6. + +[=bulbillosus=, Pat. P. 8-10 mm. grey disc yellow, striate, covered with +white meal; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. white, base bulbous, ring loose, median; +sp. 8-9 × 6-7. + +Differs from _C. Hendersonii_ in bulbous stem. + +[=ephemeroides=, Fr. P. campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish, disc tinged +yellow, up to 1 cm. sprinkled with superficial flecks; g. free; s. 2-4 +cm. whitish, ring free, base with a pilose bulb; sp. 11-12 × 6-7. + +Differs from _C. bulbillosus_ in squamulose pileus and strigose bulb. + +var. _muscorum_, sp. 7-9 × 6-8. + +[=scauroides=, Godey. P. ovate then campan. striate, white then +purplish, floccosely squamulose; g. free; s. white, with a marginate +bulb and ring. + +[=Bresadolae=, Schulz. P. subcylindrical, greyish-white, apex tinged +brown; g. black, edge white; s. tapering upwards, white, glabrous, ring +deciduous. + + III. _Volva and ring absent. Veil practically absent; p. either + glabrous or with minute innate squamules, especially near the apex, + not splitting along the lines of the gills._ + + * _Gills attached to the stem._ + +=fuscescens=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. ovate then exp. not lobed, disc fuscous, +rest greyish brown, powdered with meal at first; g. narrow towards the +front; s. white, hollow, somewhat fibrillose; sp. 8-10 × 5-6. + +Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in rufous p. not lobed. + +[=tergiversans=, Fr. P. conical then exp. 6-12 cm. rusty brown, grooved, +cracked into squamules; g. broadly adnate; s. white, apex sulcate. + +Allied to _C. micaceus_; differs in squamulose and not micaceous p. + +[=Lerchenfeldii=, Schulz. P. hemispher. apex elevated, brownish grey, +edge wavy silvery grey then violet; g. violet, shining; s. fibrillose or +squamulose. + + ** _Gills free._ + +[=cylindricus=, Fr. P. cylindrical then exp. 8-12 cm. across, rimosely +striate, a few adpr. squamules, whitish brown; g. narrow; s. 15-21 cm. +equal, fibrillose. + +[=Mayrii=, Allesch. P. campan. exp. white, striate, small yellow-brown +squamules near edge, disc sparingly scaly; g. free; s. white, striate, +base globose, marginate, hollow to swollen base; sp. 6-7 × 3-4. + +Allied to _C. atramentarius_. + +=flocculosus=, Fr. P. ovate then exp. 4-7 cm. across, dingy white, +striate, squamules innate; g. narrow; s. 6-10 cm. white, silky, hollow; +sp. 10 × 7-8. + +Differs from _C. aratus_ in white p., and from _C. lagopus_ in glabrous +stem. + +=squamosus=, Morgan. P. 4-6 cm. sulcate, grey, with persistent spreading +brown scales; g. free; s. 9-14 cm. with brown spreading scales up to +ring; sp. 9-10 × 5. + + IV. _Volva and ring absent. Veil very evident--at least in young + state--as a felty coating, which breaks up during expansion of p. + into patches; cottony, squamulose, fibrillose or mealy. Not + glistening or micaceous._ + + * _Veil thick and felty, breaking into patches._ + + + _Gills attached to stem._ + +=aphthosus=, Fr. P. campan. even, livid, 2-3 cm. white veil at first +continuous then broken into floccose patches; g. adnate; s. 5 cm. white, +hollow, fibrillose; sp. 15-16 × 10. + +Differs from _C. varicus_ in hollow stem. + +[=phaeosporus=, Karst. P. conico-cylindrical then flattened, everywhere +delicately striate, at first enclosed in a rufescent veil which breaks +up into patches, soon naked and white; g. adnexed; s. glabrous, white, +hollow; sp. 9-15 × 4-9. + +Differs from _C. albus_ by glabrous s. + + ++ _Gills free._ + +=picaceus=, Fr. P. campan. glutinous, striate up to disc, blackish with +white patches; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. white, hollow, base swollen; sp. 14 +× 8. + +=tomentosus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then narrowly conical, at length exp. 2-3 +cm.; pallid yellow, covered with a greyish felt which breaks into +scales; g. free; s. 5 cm. hollow, greyish, velvety; sp. ----. + +[=velatus=, Q. P. cylind. then exp. 2-3 cm. yellowish, sulcate, veil +white, thin; g. free but close to s.; s. 4-6 cm. white, villose, +coarsely striate; sp. 10 × 5. + +[=Forquignoni=, Mass. (_C. Quéletii_, Forq.). P. conico-campan. veil +thick, ochraceous, then broken up into persistent patches, whitish, 5-6 +cm. high; g. remote; s. white, floccosely fibrillose, ending in a tawny +bulb; sp. 9 × 6. + +[=varicus=, Fr. P. white or livid towards the split edge, with patches +of white veil; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. often incurved, white, glabrous, +solid, tough. + +Differs from _C. picaceus_ in white p. and solid s. + + ** _Veil breaking up into superficial scales, cottony or + fibrillose._ + + + _Gills attached to stem._ + + § _Pileus white or grey._ + +=niveus=, Fr. All pure white. P. 1-2.5 cm. campan. floccose; g. slightly +adnexed; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, villose; sp. 16 × 11-13. + +var. _astroideus_, Fr. P. squamose, naked, grey, 1 cm.; s. up to 8 cm. +slender, glabrous. + +[=albus=, Q. Snow white. P. ovoid then exp. 1.5-2 cm. floccosely mealy +then pearl grey and grooved, with tawny flecks at disc; g. adnate, +seceding; s. coarsely striate upwards; sp. 12-13 long. + +[=Rostrupianus=, Hansen. White. P. thin campan. then exp. tomentose, +squamulose; g. free, grey then blackish; s. narrowed upwards, glabrous +above, downy below, base with white tomentum. + +Medium sized, allied to _C. niveus_. + +[=pilosus=, Beck. P. cylindr. apex rounded, white, densely covered with +septate acute white hairs, then exp. and centre almost glabrous and +yellowish, edge slightly striate; s. slender, pubescent, base floccose; +sp. 9-12 × 6-7. + +=exstinctorius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. across, campan. whitish, apex tinged +brown, at first with evanescent floccose scales; g. reaching stem; s. +8-12 cm. smooth, white, hollow, swollen at base and rooting; sp. 10-11 × +6-7. + +Differs from _C. fimetarius_ in pileus becoming bald from disc to +margin. + +[=roris=, Q. P. soon convex and centre depr. pearl grey, transparent, +covered at first with a thin tawny-white veil, 1-1.5 cm.; g. adnate; s. +3-4 cm. greyish, villosely floccose; sp. 11-12 long. + +Differs from _C. plicatilis_ in adnate g. and from _C. diaphanus_ in +villose stem. + +=similis=, B. and Br. P. ovate then campan. pallid disc darker, striate, +studded with brown tipped pointed warts, 2.5 cm.; g. adnate; s. white, +hollow. + +[=Brunandi=, Q. P. campan. 5-6 mm. high, very delicate, striate, greyish +lilac, at first with crystalline interwoven filaments; g. adnate then +free; s. white, floccose, bulbous; sp. 10 long. + +Allied to _C. lagopus_. + + §§ _Pileus tawny or brownish._ + +=domesticus=, Fr. P. campan. obtuse, sulcate, disc even, bay, rest +paler, scurfy-floccose, 4-7 cm.; g. adnexed; s. 6-9 cm. white, silky; +sp. 11-12 × 7. + +[=alopecia=, Fr. P. 6-7.5 cm. campan. obtuse, sulcate, pale brown or +ochre, at first with adpr. fibrils; g. adnexed; s. 9-12 cm. densely +scaly, hollow. + +[=Boudieri=, Q. P. 1-2 cm. campan. coarsely striate, pale tawny apex +darker, covered with fine white down; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. white, +pruinose and pubescent; sp. angularly globose, 10-12. + +[=subcoeruleo-griseus=, Schulzer. P. acutely conical then plane, +slightly striate, disc pale yellowish-pink, rest greyish blue, with +minute fugacious scales; g. adnexed; s. white, floccosely pruinose, then +glabrous, hollow; sp. 10-13 × 6-8. + + ++ _Gills free._ + + § _Stem glabrous._ + +=nycthemerus=, Fr. P. conico-cylindr. then exp. 1.5-2 cm. plicate, ribs +forked near edge, mealy then naked, grey, disc tawny; g. free; s. 5-7 +cm. white, glabrous, flaccid, hollow; sp. ----. + +[=gonophyllus=, Q. P. 1.5 cm. hemisph. striate, blackish grey, shining, +veil floccose, whitish, soon disappearing; g. free, triangular, edge +serrate; s. 3 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, white; sp. 10 × 4. + +=Spraguei=, B. and Curt. P. conical then campan. 1.5-2 cm. tomentose, +striate, greyish, disc tawny; g. few, distant; s. 3-5 cm. pale reddish +ochre; sp. 10 × 5. + +=Spegazzinii=, Karst. P. cylindr. or oval, then exp. and splitting up to +disc, greyish, soon naked and grooved; g. free; s. white, hollow, +thickened below and rooting; sp. 9-14 × 5-6. + +=platypus=, B. and Cke. P. white then yellowish, flocculose, 4-5 mm.; g. +free; s. 1.5-3 cm. base discoid; sp. 8 × 6. + + §§ _Stem floccose or pulverulent at first._ + +=narcoticus=, Fr. Foetid. P. cylindric-clavate then exp. 1.5-2 cm. +hyaline, striate, at first with white floccose squamules; g. free; s. +4-5 cm. white, downy at first, hollow; sp. 11 × 5-6. + +[=muralis=, Allesch. Smell strong, ammoniacal. P. cylindr. then campan. +white then grey, covered with white floccose squamules; g. free, narrow; +s. equal, hollow, floccosely scaly then glabrous, white, shining, base +densely fibrous; sp. subg. 6. + +=lagopus=, Fr. P. cylindr. then campan. coarsely striate up to brown +disc, at first with white flocci; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. everywhere with +white floccose down; sp. 14-16 × 10-12. + +Differs from _C. narcoticus_ in absence of smell. _C. lagopoides_ +differs in tomentum breaking up into scales, and g. very distant from +stem. + +[=lagopoides=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, disc livid, with free white +scales, 4-7 cm.; g. distant from stem; s. up to 17 cm. white, floccose; +sp. 6-8 × 5-6. + +=macrocephalus=, B. P. cylindr. then campan. striate, ashy grey, disc +brownish, sprinkled with pointed scales, 2 cm.; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. +dingy white, fibrillose below; sp. 11-13 × 7-8. + +Differs from _C. lagopus_ in dark grey p. + +[=tigrinellus=, Boud. P. elliptic-oblong then campan. striate, +snow-white edge becoming rosy, pulverulent, with tawny flecks; g. free; +s. 2 cm. white, base rather bulbous and often with blackish flecks; sp. +11 × 7. + +Differs from _C. Friesii_ in being at first covered with brown tomentum +which breaks up into flecks. + +[=Friesii=, Q. P. elliptic-oblong then exp. 1-2 cm. finely striate, +white apex tinged yellow, edge rosy; g. free, reddish then black; s. 2 +cm. white, pulverulent, base swollen and floccose; sp. angularly glob. +10. + +Differs from _C. tigrinellus_ in not having a brown veil. + +[=cupulatus=, E. Jacob. P. subcampan. greyish yellow, with a floccose +greyish white veil then pubescent, sulcate, 4-5 mm.; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. +white, downy, striate, base swollen; sp. 7-8 × 6-7. + +=fimetarius=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. clavate then conico-exp. soon splitting, +disc even brownish, at first covered with squarrose floccose scales, +then naked; g. free; s. 10-15 cm. white, squamulose, base solid; sp. +12-14 × 7-8. + +var. _pullatus_, Fr. P. with adpressed squamules, soon naked, dark; s. +soon smooth. + +var. _cinereus_, Fr. P. floccosely mealy then naked, grey; s. rootless, +hollow to base. + +var. _macrorhiza_, Fr. P. at first with feathery squamules; s. short, +rooting. + +[=Queletii=, Schulzer. P. ellipsoid-conical then exp. deeply sulcate, +whitish, apex glabrous tinged cinnamon, with fugacious flecks; g. free; +s. white, flocculose then glabrous, ventricose below, rooting with long +brown fibres; sp. 10-12 × 4-6. + +[=laxus=, Bres. and Schulz. P. subglobose, grey, disc yellowish +cinnamon, granularly floccose; g. free; s. white, tinged brown at base, +with white flecks, bending over as it dries; sp. 6-8 × 4-5. + +[=Albertinii=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, greyish-white, disc brownish, +with fine network of fibrils; g. free; s. white, silky-floccose; sp. +10-12 × 6. + +[=Strossmayeri=, Schulzer. P. digitaliform, then conico-campan. whitish +then grey, apex darker, finally pale ochre, with deciduous squarrose +scales; g. free; s. white, pruinose, springing from a compact, branching +blackish-brown mycelium; sp. 7-9 long. + + *** _Veil formed of white meal, or hyaline vesicles. Not glistening + or micaceous._ + +=tuberosus=, Q. P. campan. 3-5 mm. finely striate, white then greyish, +veil of hyaline vesicles; g. blackish violet; s. 2-4 cm. slender, wavy, +white, downy, springing from a small black sclerotium; sp. 12 long. + +Smaller than _C. niveus_, and springing from a sclerotium. + +[=cineratus=, Q. P. campan. 1-2 cm. striate, white then greyish violet, +veil of dusky hyaline vesicles; g. free, close to stem; s. 4-6 cm. +white, base rather swollen and sheathed by remains of a volva; sp. 10 × +5. + +=filiformis=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 mm. cylindrical, striate, grey, mealy; +g. linear; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, hyaline, sprinkled with hairs; sp. +subg. 5 × 4. + +[=luxoviensis=, Mont. P. ovoid then campan. striate, mealy then naked +and grey, disc tawny; g. distant; s. with spreading fibrils, soon naked, +white, springing from a spreading mycelium; sp. ----. + +[=caducus=, Harz. P. oval then cylindrical, striate, grey then blackish +brown, at first densely covered with white meal which becomes grey; g. +from a collar; s. greyish brown above, whitish below; sp. 9-10 × 6-7. + +[=Britzelmayri=, Sacc. and Cub. (= _C. macrosporus_, Brit.) P. and s. +covered with snow-white meal; g. adnexed; s. tall; sp. 20 × 10-12. + +[=albulus=, Q. P. almost hemispherical, 5 mm. pellucid, striate, +pulverulent; g. arcuately adnate; s. 2 cm. filiform, pulverulent, lower +half with white flecks; sp. 13 long. + +[=divergens=, Brit. P. parabolic, brownish then dark grey, deeply +striate; g. blackish-grey; s. pellucid, whitish; sp. 10-11 × 6-7. + +Intermediate between _C. tomentosus_ and _C. niveus_. + + V. _Volva and ring absent. Pileus covered with glistening particles + when young._ + +=micaceus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. oval then campan. glistening then naked, +sulcate, tawny ochre; g. adnexed; s. 5-8 cm. white, silky, hollow. + +[=marcescens=, Karst. P. campan. sulcate, whitish at first, soon dingy +ochre, then pale sooty grey, disc brownish yellow, micaceous; g. +adnexed; s. white, silky; sp. 6-9 × 4-6. + +Differs from _C. micaceus_ in p. becoming sooty grey. + +=aratus=, B. P. 5-8 cm. narrowly elliptical then campan.-umber, grooved +up to disc; g. slightly adnexed; s. 10-15 cm. snow-white, silky, hollow; +sp. 15 × 10-11. + +=stercorarius=, Fr. P. 2.5-3 cm. ovate then campan. edge striate, +densely covered with white glistening meal; g. adnexed; s. 7-12 cm. +white, hollow, minutely mealy at first; sp. 14-15 × 8. + +_C. niveus_ differs in tomentose p., and _C. albus_ in sulcate p. + +=radians=, Fr. P. ovate then campan. 2.5-5 cm. edge striate, disc +granuloso-squamulose, tawny ochre then pale, glistening; g. slightly +adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. white, smooth, base with dense radiating strands of +mycelium; sp. 7 × 4. + +=truncorum=, Fr. P. globose at first then campan. glistening then naked, +tawny ochre, striate, 2-4 cm.; g. free, rosy then black; s. 7-10 cm. +slender, white, glabrous, hollow; sp. 12-14 × 6. + +Differs from _C. micaceus_ in p. being globose at first, and not +sulcate, and in free, rosy g. + +[=inamoenus=, Karst. Foetid. P. subcylindrical then exp. blackish with +white micaceous scurf; g. fixed to a remote collar; s. hyaline, at first +downy, often rather wavy, several stems springing at intervals from a +prostrate mycelium; sp. 7-11 × 4-6. + +[=intermedius=, Penzig. P. campan. pallid, even, with dense reddish +micaceous scurf near apex; g. free; s. glabrous, tinged pink; sp. 7.5-9 +× 5. + +[=frustulosum=, Sacc. P. campan. rather acute, even, covered with +reddish micaceous meal; g. free; s. conical then cylindrical, white; sp. +8 × 6. + + VI. _Volva, ring, and veil absent; flesh very thin, pileus soon + splitting along the lines of the gills, scurfy or glabrous._ + + * _Pileus more or less scurfy._ + + + _Gills attached to stem._ + + § _Pileus white._ + +[=conditus=, Godey. P. globose then ovoid, striate, sometimes tinged +yellow; g. adnate; s. 20-25 mm. shining, scurfy; sp. ----. + +[=stellaris=, Q. P. ovoid then campan. 1-2 mm. striate, snow-white then +greyish, crowned with pellucid vesicles; g. adnate; s. 1-2 cm. long, +filiform, hyaline, velvety; sp. 8 long. + + §§ _Pileus coloured._ + +[=coöpertus=, Fr. P. conico-campan. 2.5 cm. striate, lurid, densely +micaceous, yellowish grey when dry; g. adnate, broad; s. 3-5 cm. pallid, +apex with white flecks; sp. ----. + +[=pseudo-plicatilis=, Vogl. P. campan. umb. soon exp. and sulcate, +yellowish grey, umbo yellowish, scurfy; g. adnate; s. white, woolly, +thickened and floccose below; sp. 6-8 × 3. + +=velox=, Godey. P. obovate, striate then grooved, scurfy between the +ribs, disc also greyish and scurfy, 3-4 mm.; g. close to stem; s. 1.5-3 +cm. with white floccose down; sp. ----. + +=ephemerus=, Fr. P. very delicate, ovate then campan. sulcate, slightly +scurfy, disc elevated, even, rufescent, 1-2 cm.; g. slightly adnexed; s. +3-6 cm. glabrous, whitish, pellucid; sp. 16-17 × 9-10. + +[=mycenopsis=, Karst. P. campan. then exp. sulcate, sooty-grey, livid +disc prominent, scurfy, soon naked; g. adnate; s. tall, glabrous, white, +striate upwards; sp. 7-8 × 4. + + ++ _Gills free._ + + § _Stem fibrillose or downy._ + +=cothurnatus=, Godey. P. conico-campan. then exp. and umb. densely +scurfy, whitish, yellowish or reddish, 2-3 cm.; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. +white, squamulose below; sp. ----. + +[=evanidus=, Godey. P. obovate then campan. striate, whitish, rather +scurfy, disc prominent, tinged brown; 3-4 mm.; g. free, distant; s. +1.5-2.5, pellucid, white, downy; sp. ----. + + §§ _Stem glabrous._ + +=sociatus=, Fr. P. ovate then campan. plicate, subsquamulose or scurfy, +disc umber and becoming depr. 2 cm.; g. narrowed behind, attached to a +collar; s. 4-5 cm. white, glabrous, not pellucid; sp. ----. + +Gills much nearer s. than in _C. plicatilis_, much narrowed behind, +black. + +[=sulcato-crenatus=, Steinh. P. cylindrical then campan. soon plane, +sulcato-crenate, almost glabrous, yellow, disc brown, even, becoming +depr.; g. remote from stem, distant; s. yellow, apex brown; sp. obtusely +triangular, compressed. + +Differs from _C. plicatilis_ in yellow p. and s. + +[=Patouillardii=, Q. P. conico-campan. then plane, coarsely striate up +to disc, grey, disc rough with minute reddish granules; g. attached to +collar distant from s.; s. 4-7 cm. white, glabrous, fragile; sp. +angularly globose, 6-8. + +Differs from _C. nycthemerus_ in white s.; and from _C. velaris_ in +rough disc. + +=papillatus=, Fr. P. elliptical then campan. becoming plane and +upturned; disc prominent and rough with minute warts, dark, striate, +covered with greyish scurf, .5-1 cm.; g. free; s. 2.5 cm. white, +hyaline, hollow; sp. 15 × 7. + +[=affinis=, Karst. P. conico-cylindr. then exp. greyish white, disc pale +rufous, plicate, scurfy; g. free; s. flaccid, glabrous, pallid; sp. 6-8 +× 5-7. + +=radiatus=, Fr. P. cylindrical, soon plane and splitting, yellowish, +disc darker, then whitish, minutely pilose when young; g. almost free; +s. 1-3 cm. hyaline, pilose; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +=Gibbsii=, Mass. and Crossl. Very minute, p. 0.5 mm. hemispher. then +exp. striate, glabrous, pale ochre; g. adnate, few; s. 4-7 mm. white, +glabrous; sp. subcircular, compressed, 8-9 diam.; cystidia piriform. + +[=lanatus=, Boud. P. soon campan. plicately striate, greyish rufous disc +darker; g. free; s. glabrous, white, slightly bulbous. + + ** _Pileus glabrous._ + + + _Gills attached to stem._ + + § _Stem downy or pulverulent._ + +=tardus=, Karst. P. ovoid then campan. 2.5-5 cm. coarsely striate, bay +then ochre, glabrous; g. adnate; s. 6-10 cm. white, slightly flexuous, +equal; sp. angularly ellipt. 12-18 × 7-9. + +Differs from _C. deliquescens_ in smooth disc and adnate g. + +[=Gilletii=, Jacobasch. (= _Cop. intermedius_ Gill.). P. ovato-campan. +grey, disc yellow; pulverulent then glabrous, edge striate; g. +ovato-elongate, blackish; s. slender, glabrous, hollow, with a +membranaceous, distant, fixed erect ring. + +[=attenuatus=, Gill. P. conico-campan. even, glabrous, edge sulcate, +upturned when dry, apex yellowish; g. broad, ventricose, reddish-brown; +s. long, slender, hollow, narrowed towards base. + + §§ _Stem glabrous._ + +[=auricomus=, Pat. P. elliptic-oblong then campan. finely striate, pale +greyish red disc darker, glabrous, 1.5-2 cm.; g. adnate; s. 5-8 cm. +white, glabrous; sp. ----. + +Young plant enveloped in a golden yellow weft (= Ozonium). + +=congregatus=, Fr. P. cylindrical then campan. edge slightly striate, +glabrous, viscid, ochre, 1.5-2 cm.; g. slightly adnexed; s. 2-3 cm. +smooth, hollow, white; sp. ----. + +=alternatus=, Fr. P. hemisph. then discoid, even, glabrous, chalk-white +disc pale umber, 3 cm.; g. adnate; s. whitish, hollow, 7-10 cm.; sp. 10 +× 6-7. + +=digitalis=, Fr. P. ovate then campan. whitish disc darker, glabrous, +striate up to disc, 2.5 cm.; g. slightly adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. whitish, +equal; sp. ----. + +When mature the p. is sometimes livid olive or yellowish grey, and g. +appear to be adnate. + +[=diaphanus=, Q. Every part translucent and glabrous. P. grooved, edge +crenulate, silvery with a central tawny spot, 5-7 mm.; g. adnate; s. +capillary, glabrous, 2-3 cm.; sp. 12 long. + +Differs from _C. plicatilis_ in adnate g. + +[=sceptrum=, Fr. P. campan. papillately umb. deeply sulcate, pellucid, +tinged grey; g. adnate to a collar; s. pellucid. + +=erythrocephalus=, Fr. P. cylindrical then campan. reddish vermilion +becoming grey, silky, edge very finely striate, 1 cm.; g. slightly +adnexed; s. 2-3 cm. paler than p. + + ++ _Gills free, sometimes attached to a collar._ + + § _Stem downy or pulverulent._ + +[=Godeyi=, Gillet. P. subglobose, distantly grooved, glabrous, pellucid, +disc ochre, grey between the ribs, 3-4 mm.; g. free; s. 2 cm. pellucid, +sprinkled with white flecks below. + +[=semistriatus=, Pat. P. ovate then campan. glabrous, disc even, +yellowish, striate and grey up to disc, 1 cm.; g. attached to a collar; +s. 1-2 cm. white, pruinose; sp. subcircular, compressed, 12-14 broad, 3 +thick. + + §§ _Stem glabrous._ + +=plicatilis=, Fr. P. thin, cylindric ovate then plane, glabrous, +coarsely grooved, pale brown then greyish, disc broad, even, at length +depr. darker, 1-2 cm.; g. attached to a distant collar; s. 5-8 cm. +white, smooth, hollow; sp. 11-13 × 8-9. + +=deliquescens=, Fr. P. ovate then campan. at length exp. livid grey, +disc rufescent, papillose, otherwise glabrous, 3-7 cm.; g. free; s. 7-10 +cm. white, glabrous, hollow; sp. 8 × 5. + +Differs from _C. atramentarius_ in free gills. + +[=miser=, Karst. P. subglobose then exp. pellucid, tinged grey, +plicate, glabrous; g. distant from stem, few in number; s. hyaline, +glabrous; sp. 7-9 × 6-8. + +=eburneus=, Q. Entirely white, shining; elliptic-campan. firm, striate, +rarely with a few flecks, 3-4 cm.; g. free; s. firm, glabrous; sp. 14 +long. + +=hemerobius=, Fr. P. ovate then campan. 1.5-2.5 cm. coarsely grooved, +disc even, bay, not depr.; g. attached to an imperfect collar; s. 5-8 +cm. fragile, pallid; sp. 10-12 × 7. + +Differs from _C. velaris_ in imperfect collar, and from _C. plicatilis_ +in disc not being depressed. + +[=rapidus=, Fr. P. cylindrical then plane, coarsely grooved, pale drab, +glabrous, often slightly wavy, 1.5-2.5 cm.; g. free, close to stem, +brown; s. 4-5 cm. white, glabrous. + +[=phyllophilus=, Karst. P. campan. then exp. glabrous, sulcate, dingy +ochre becoming sooty; g. close to stem; s. pellucid, pruinose then +naked; sp. angularly ovate, 7-8 × 5. + +[=velaris=, Fr. P. 2.5 cm. at first globose, then hemisph. coarsely +striate, lurid, disc brownish, not depr.; g. black, edge white; s. 5-7 +cm. pellucid, base downy; sp. 7-8 × 5. + +[=pellucidus=, Karst. P. obovate then hemispher. obtuse, sulcate, +glabrous, whitish or yellowish then hyaline and greyish with a darker +central spot; g. crowded; s. wavy, glabrous, pellucid; sp. 7-9 × 4. + +=Schroteri=, Karst. P. elliptical then exp. sulcate, glabrous, dingy +ochre then pale, at length sooty-grey; g. brown; s. slightly pulverulent +at first, slightly striate upwards; sp. angularly globose, 13-15 × 8-12. + +var. _proximellus_, Massee (= _C. proximellus_, Karst.) Spores +elliptical, 10-13 × 5-7, otherwise as type. + + +MONTAGNITES, Fr. + +[=Candollei=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm.; g. narrowed behind, broad, dark grey then +blackish; s. elongated fibroso-striate, hollow, tawny, volva fleshy, +persistent. + +[=Pallassii=, Fr. P. thin, plane; g. smooth, black; s. very long +rooting, volva absent; sp. 12 × 4. + + + + +ADDENDA. + + + _Species accidentally omitted, or published during the progress of + this work._ + +=Lepiota Bresadolae=, Schulz. (= _L. cupreus_, Schulz.). P. 4-8 cm. umb. +subcylindrical then broadly campan. at first glabrous and entirely +coppery, then broken up into broad, fibrillose subimbricate scales; g. +remote, narrowed at both ends, crowded, white then pallid; s. clavate at +base which is coppery, pale above, ring white then coppery; sp. 6-9 +long. + +(Next _L. mastoidea_, p. 8.) + +=Lepiota minuta=, Vogl. P. 6-8 mm. slightly fleshy, even, campanulate +then exp. brick-red, viscid; g. free, white, densely crowded; s. equal, +even, dry, brownish, with a very narrow ring; sp. globose, 2-3. + +(Near _Lepiota delicata_, p. 14.) + +SCHULZERIA, Bresad. + +Flesh of stem distinct from that of pileus; gills free and remote from +the stem; spores hyaline; ring and volva absent. + +This genus follows _Lepiota_, from which it differs in the absence of a +ring. + +=Schulzeria squamigera=, Schulz. and Bres. P. about 2 cm. rather fleshy, +convex then exp. dry, umber at first then whitish, surface broken up +into fibrous brownish-umber scales; g. crowded, subventricose, white, +free, somewhat remote from stem, 3 mm. broad; s. equal, whitish, with +lax umber scales which soon disappear; flesh white, compact; sp. 5-8 × +4. + +=Schulzeria rimulosa=, Schulz. and Bres. P. 8-10 cm. fleshy, hemispher. +then exp. rather irreg. even, glabrous, dry, lurid white, epidermis +falling away then becoming areolately cracked; g. rather distant, 9-15 +mm. broad, white then straw-colour, rounded at both ends, sometimes +subsinuate behind, free, remote; s. equal, subexcentric, glabrous, +colour of p.; sp. 5-6 × 3. + +=Schulzeria septentrionalis=, Karst. P. about 10 cm. fleshy, soft, +convex then exp. subumb. even, glabrous, dry, whitish; g. free, remote, +broad, whitish, somewhat crowded; s. central, equal, base slightly +bulbous, distinct from flesh of p. glabrous, whitish. + +=Tricholoma Czarnii=, Roum. (= _Ag. prasinus_, Lasch. in part). P. 6-8 +cm. very fleshy, convex then convex-plane, rather viscid, yellowish, +disc darker, glabrous, edge slightly fibrillose; g. crowded; arcuate, +broad, emarginate, pallid, rosy in section; s. solid, straight, clavate, +slightly striate, colour of p., not longer than thick; sp. ----. + +Allied to _T. coryphaeum_, differing in general aspect of p., g. never +yellow-edged, less viscid, and no smell. + +(Next _T. coryphaeum_, p. 17.) + +=Tricholoma Bresadolae=, Schulz. Taste very acrid. P. 9-12 cm. entirely +fleshy, irreg. edge sinuous, sometimes depressed at the centre, rather +viscid when young, then dry, even, edge sometimes tuberculoso-sulcate, +umber; g. distant, very thick, rounded in front, narrowed behind but not +decur., 1 cm. and more broad, whitish; s. cylindrical, obconic or +cuspidate towards base, whitish, sometimes tinged umber, glabrous; sp. +9-10 × 5. + +(Next to _T. spermaticum_, p. 18.) + +=Tricholoma fallaciosum=, Quel. and Schulz. (= _Ag. platyrhizus_, +Schulz.) P. 4-5 cm. irreg. subglobose; vertex elevated but not umb. +fleshy, brown, at first very dark then paler at edge, not shining, +glabrous, even; g. partly free, rounded behind and cuspidate in front, +brownish then pale, edge clear cinnamon; s. somewhat conoid, base pale +sulphur yellow with copious strands and plates of white mycelium, +central portion pale cinnamon, apex white and pulverulent; sp. 4-5 long. + +(Next _T. scalpturatum_, p. 20.) + +=Tricholoma Gauteraudii=, Roum. P. 3-6 cm. convex then plane, +mammillate, centre pale yellowish, somewhat silky, rest glabrous, even, +dry, whitish; g. broad, emarginate, whitish; s. white, base yellowish, +solid, equal; flesh white, insipid and inodorous. + +(Next _T. inamoenum_, p. 23.) + +=Clitocybe subviscifera=, Karst. P. 3-4 cm. thin, convex then plane, +sometimes becoming depr. orbicular or somewhat wavy, even, glabrous, +viscid, whitish, disc usually become stained with rufous, then +discoloured; g. deeply decur. distant, branched or connected by veins, +pallid white; s. hollow, equal, flocculosely-scurfy, pallid; sp. 6-8 × +3-4. + +(Next to _C. pithyophila_, p. 82.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =centrifugus=, Fr. P. plano-depr. glabrous, +viscid, discoid, yellowish brown-violet then yellow, margin verdigris +green; g. emarginate, rather crowded, crenulate, pinkish violet then +cinnamon; s. solid, stout, clavato-bulbous, almost glabrous, white; +flesh white; sp. ----. + +(Follows _C. Riederi_, p. 178.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =latus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. almost glabrous, +moist, scarcely viscid, tan, disc darker; g. emarginate, subentire, +crowded, clay-colour cinnamon; s. solid, fibrillose, pallid white, apex +flocculose, cortina forming a superior persistent annulus, bulbous then +subequal; flesh white; sp. ----. + +(Next _C. percomis_, p. 179.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =subtortus=, Fr. P. 3-8 cm. convex, exp. obtuse, +soft, glabrous, not striate, viscid, tan then pale, becoming rugulose; +g. rounded, adnate, connected by veins, very broad, rather distant, +greyish olive; s. unequal, rather twisted, becoming pale, apex partly +hollow, scarcely tinged blue; sp. ----. + +(Before _C. anfractus_, p. 179.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =jasmineus=, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, wavy, lacunose, +rugose, viscid, dingy olive, disc at first fuscous then yellowish, +opaque; flesh yellowish ochre; g. subadnate, very broad, rather crowded, +pallid olive; s. stuffed, subequal, bluish, violet punctate, apex white; +sp. ----. + +(Next _C. anfractus_, p. 179.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =elotus=, Fr. Acrid. P. subpulvinate, unequal, +glabrous, slightly viscid, sooty then tawny tan, edge darker and at +length striate; g. emarginate, rather distant, pallid then olive tan; s. +short, fibrillose, pallid, marginate bulb obsolete; sp. ----. + +(Next _C. talus_, p. 180.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =arquatus=, Fr. P. equal, even, very glabrous, +viscid, discoid, disc bay, edge yellowish, polished and shining when +dry; g. subadnate, crowded, purplish then cinnamon; s. solid, pallid, +except the obconic marginate bulb, apex tinged blue inside and out; sp. +----. + +(Next _C. purpurascens_, p. 180.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =causticus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. convexo-plane, +obtuse, glabrous, punctate, hygrophanous, very viscid, tawny when moist, +then pale; g. ventricoso-emarginate, scarcely crowded, broad, whitish +yellow; s. firm, elastic, glabrous, shining white; sp. ----. + +(Next _C. emollitius_, p. 182.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =vespertinus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, soft, +glabrous, obsoletely viscid, subrugose, yellow, sometimes pale; g. +emarginate, very broad, crowded, tawny cinnamon, transversely veined, +edge whitish; s. solid, elongated, rather slender, fibrillose, shining +white, base thickened; sp. ----. + +(Next _C. intentus_, p. 183.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =liratus=, Fr. P. 5-6 cm. thin, convexo-plane, +very glabrous, hygrophanous, viscid, radiately lacunose near the edge, +honey-colour then somewhat ochre; g. emarginate, crowded, pale rusty; s. +filled with pith limited by a dark horny line, equal, fibrillose, +yellowish, base thickened; sp. ----. + +(Before _C. intentus_, p. 183.) + +=Cortinarius= (Phleg.) =amurceus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, squamulosely +papillose, viscid, sometimes gibbous, honey-tan; g. entirely adnate, +distant, yellowish olive; s. solid, pallid, somewhat attenuated; sp. +----. + +(Next _C. olivascens_, p. 183.) + +=Coprinus purpureophyllus=, Jacobasch. P. 1-2.5 cm. conico-campan. +torn, diaphanous, pale greyish-yellow, sulcate up to apex, covered with +grey squamules which soon disappear; g. white then intense purplish +violet, finally blackish, linear, ascending, crowded, adnexed, +deliquescent; s. white, silky, generally curved, narrowed upwards from +the subbulbous strigose base, apex white-mealy, remainder glabrous, +fragile; sp. 7.5-8.5 × 5.5. + +Growing on birch branches. + +(Next to _Coprinus roris_, p. 233.) + + +CORRECTIONS. + +=Armillaria focalis=, Fr. (p. 14), should be placed in the genus +_Lepiota_, following _L. naucina_, Fr., p. 11. + +=Cortinarius subsimilis=, Fr. (p. 183), should be placed under the +section "_Gills olive or smoky_," p. 183. + +=Cortinarius Karstenii=, Sacc. and Syd. This name should replace _Cort. +olivascens_, Karsten, p. 191. There is an earlier _Cort. olivascens_, +Fries, p. 183. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY. + + +_The following short list of comparatively recent works indicates where +more detailed descriptions and illustrations of European Agarics may be +consulted._ + + GENERAL WORKS, CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE AGARICS OF MORE THAN + ONE COUNTRY. + +Hymenomycetes Europaei, sive Epicriseos Systematis Mycologici; Elias +Fries. Ed. II. Upsala, 1876. + +(Although not of recent date, this work cannot be omitted, inasmuch as +it embodies the experience of over fifty years of continuous observation +on the part of the author, and is the sheet-anchor of the present +generation of mycologists. Written in Latin.) + +Sylloge Fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum; P. A. Saccardo. Vol. V. +Padua, 1887. + +(Contains descriptions of all European Agarics up to date of +publication. Later discoveries are contained in various supplements. +Written in Latin.) + +Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska halföns Hattsvampar; P. A. +Karsten. Helsingfors, 1879. + +(Descriptions of Russian, Finnish and Scandinavian Agarics, in Swedish. +It is in this work where Fries' subgenera, as Amanita, etc. are first +raised to specific rank. Written in Swedish.) + +Die Pilze Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz; Georg Winter. +Leipzig, 1884. + +(This forms the first volume of Rabenhorst's 'Kryptogamen-Flora von +Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz,' and contains along with other +fungi, descriptions of the Agarics of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, +in German.) + +Flore Mycologique de la France et des Pays limitrophes; Lucien Quélet. +Paris, 1888. + +(This is undoubtedly the best and latest work containing detailed +descriptions of the Basidiomycetes of Central and Western Europe. The +systematic arrangement is new and somewhat perplexing, and the index is +a terror. Written in French.) + + GREAT BRITAIN. + +Illustrations of British Fungi; M. C. Cooke. London, 1881-1891. + +(This is by far the most important, and at the same time the most +comprehensive series of coloured figures of Agarics ever published in +any country, including 1199 plates.) + +Handbook of British Fungi; M. C. Cooke. London, 1883. + +(This work is a second edition of Cooke's 'Handbook of British Fungi,' +London, 1871, and contains descriptions of all the figures given in the +'Illustrations of British Fungi.') + +British Fungus-Flora; Geo. Massee. 4 vols. London, 1892-1895. + +(The first three volumes include all the British Agarics up to date of +publication. In addition to a diagnosis of each species, critical notes +by Fries, Berkeley, Cooke and other mycologists are appended.) + + FRANCE. + +Les Hyménomycètes, ou description de tous les Champignons (Fungi) qui +croissent en France; C. C. Gillet. Alençon, 1874-1902. + +(Contains descriptions of all known French Hymenomycetes, illustrated by +1907 coloured plates, 8vo. In French.) + +Figures peintes de Champignons de la France; L. Lucand, 1884-1889. + +(A series of beautifully executed figures, mostly Agarics, on 425 plates +4to size. The number of copies was in the first instance very limited, +and prepared only for subscribers. No descriptive text; names and +synonyms given on the plates.) + + GERMANY. + +Die Pilze Schlesiens; J. Schroeter. Breslau, 1889. + +(This work constitutes Vol. III. part I. of Cohn's Kryptogamen-Flora von +Schlesien, and contains full descriptions of all Agarics indigenous to +Silesia. In German.) + + SWEDEN. + +Icones selectae Hymenomycetum nondum delineatorum; Elias Fries. +Stockholm, 1867. + +(An indispensable work to the student of the Agaricaceae, containing +descriptions and coloured figures of numerous species on 200 4to. +plates. Written in Latin.) + + AUSTRIA. + +Fungi Tridentini novi, vel nondum delineati, descripti, et iconibus +illustrati; J. Bresadola. Tridenti, 1881-. + +(This work contains very full descriptions of new or critical species, +mostly Agarics, which are illustrated in colour on 217 plates, 8vo. +Written in Latin. This work appears in parts at irregular intervals, and +is still going on.) + + ITALY. + +Flore Mycologique Illustrée. Les Champignons des Alpes-Maritimes; J. B. +Barla. Nice, 1888-1892. + +(An excellent work, 4to size, containing coloured illustrations of new, +rare, or critical Agarics on 64 plates. In French.) + + HOLLAND. + +Révision des Champignons tant supérieurs qu'inférieurs trouvés jusqu'à +ce jour dans les Pays-Bas; C. A. J. A. Oudemans. Amsterdam, 1893. + +(Vol. I. of this work contains descriptions and valuable original +comments of all the Hymenomycetes, Gasteromycetes, and Hypodermei met +with in Holland. Written in French.) + + + + +INDEX. + + +abhorrens (Omp.), 95 + +abietina (Lenz.), 116 + +abjecta (Ino.), 150 + +abrupta (Flam.), 173 + +abstrusa (Nau.), 163 + +acerbum (Trich.), 26 + +acerinus (Pleu.), 101 + +acerosus (Pleu.), 103 + +acervata (Col.), 53 + +acetabulosa (Loc.), 141 + +acicula (Myc.), 44 + +acris (Lac.), 63 + +actinophorus (Mar.), 61 + +acuminatus (Paneo.), 218 + +acutesquamosa (Lepi.), 9 + +acutus (Cort.), 200 + +acuus (Ecc.), 137 + +adhaerens (Lent.), 112 + +adiposa (Phol.), 144 + +adnata (Amtop.), 7 + +adonis (Myc.), 39 + +adsentiens (Cli.), 82 + +adunata (Cli.), 84 + +adusta (Rus.), 32 + +aegerita (Phol.), 143 + +aelopodium (Hyp.), 213 + +aemulans (Lep.), 134 + +aerina (Col.), 48 + +aeruginea (Rus.), 33 + +aeruginosa (Stro.), 208 + +aestuans (Trich.), 19 + +aethiops (Lep.), 132 + +aetites (Myc.), 43 + +affinis (Bolb.), 147 + +affinis (Copr.), 238 + +affricata (Omp.), 93 + +=Agaricus=, 204 + +agathosmus (Hyg.), 73 + +Aghardhii (Flam.), 176 + +aggregata (Cli.), 83 + +agraria (Bil.), 225 + +albellum (Trich.), 24 + +Albertinii (Copr.), 235 + +Albertinii (Pleu.), 98 + +albida (Lenz.), 116 + +albidus (Can.), 107 + +albidus (Hyg.), 74 + +albidopallens (Omp.), 95 + +albipes (Ino.), 153 + +albobrunneum (Trich.), 18 + +albocyanea (Stro.), 209 + +albocyaneus (Cort.), 189 + +albofimbriatum (Trich.), 19 + +albonitens (Stro.), 210 + +albosericea (Arm.), 15 + +alboviolaceus (Cort.), 186 + +albula (Omp.), 92 + +albulus (Copr.), 236 + +album (Trich.), 25 + +albus (Copr.), 232 + +albus (Hyg.), 78 + +alcalina (Myc.), 42 + +Aldridgei (Flam.), 172 + +aleuriatus (Pluteo.), 147 + +Alexandri (Loc.), 141 + +Alexandri (Pax.), 139 + +algeriensis (Pilo.), 208 + +algidus (Pleu.), 104 + +alliaceus (Mar.), 60 + +allutus (Cort.), 180 + +almeni (Pleu.), 102 + +alnicola (Flam.), 174 + +alopecia (Copr.), 233 + +alpinus (Cort.), 183 + +alternatus (Copr.), 239 + +alumna (Col.), 50 + +alutacea (Cli.), 81 + +alutacea (Ann.), 120 + +alutacea (Rus.), 29 + +alutaceorubens (Hyg.), 74 + +alutipes (Cort.), 183 + +alveolus (Crep.), 201 + +amadelphus (Mar.), 59 + +=Amanita=, 3 + +=Amanitopsis=, 6 + +amara (Cli.), 81 + +amarella (Cli.), 81 + +amarescens (Nau.), 164 + +ambigua (Cli.), 87 + +ambiguus (Pleu.), 101 + +Ambrosii (Arm.), 15 + +ambusta (Col.), 55 + +ameides (Ent.), 125 + +amethystinum (Trich.), 24 + +amethystinus (Agar.), 207 + +amethystinus (Can.), 106 + +amianthina (Lepi.), 13 + +amici (Aman.), 5 + +amicta (Myc.), 43 + +amicus (Trich.), 25 + +ammoniaca (Myc.), 42 + +ammophila (Psil.), 226 + +ammophilus (Agar.), 205 + +amoena (Nau.), 165 + +ampelina (Psath'lla), 219 + +ampla (Cli.), 83 + +amurceus (Cort.), 243 + +anapacta (Cli.), 83 + +anatina (Lep.), 131 + +androsaceus (Mar.), 61 + +=Anellaria=, 212 + +anfractus (Cort.), 179 + +anguinea (Nau.), 163 + +angulatus (Mar.), 59 + +angulosus (Cort.), 198 + +angustissima (Cli.), 90 + +angustus (Agar.), 204 + +angustus (Clitop.), 135 + +anisatus (Lent.), 112 + +=Annularia=, 120 + +anomalus (Cort.), 189 + +anthracinus (Cort.), 189 + +anthrocophila (Tub.), 171 + +antipoda (Gal.), 169 + +apala (Gal.), 168 + +aphthosus (Copr.), 231 + +apicalis (Bolb.), 148 + +apicrea (Flam.), 175 + +apiculata (Ecc.), 136 + +appendiculatum (Hyp.), 216 + +applicatus (Can.), 109 + +applicatus (Pleu.), 104 + +applanata (Cli.), 89 + +applanatus (Crep.), 201 + +aquatilis (Gal.), 170 + +aquifolii (Pleu.), 99 + +aquila (Lep.), 133 + +aquosa (Col.), 53 + +arata (Psath'lla), 219 + +aratus (Copr.), 236 + +arbustivus (Hyg.), 72 + +archyropus (Mar.), 58 + +arcuatum (Trich.), 25 + +ardosiacum (Ent.), 125 + +arenaria (Vol.), 119 + +arenarius (Cort.), 193 + +arenarius (Pleu.), 105 + +arenatus (Cort.), 187 + +arenicola (Omp.), 93 + +areolata (Psil.), 225 + +argematus (Lac.), 63 + +argentatus (Cort.), 185 + +argutus (Cort.), 185 + +arida (Aman.), 6 + +armeniaca (Rus.), 30 + +armeniacus (Cort.), 197 + +=Armillaria=, 14 + +armillatus (Cort.), 192 + +Arnoldii (Cli.), 86 + +aromaticus (Hyg.), 73 + +arquatus (Cort.), 243 + +=Arrhenia=, 109 + +artemisiae (Hyp.), 215 + +arvalis (Nau.), 165 + +arvensis (Agar.), 205 + +arvinaceus (Cort.), 183 + +asema (Col.), 49 + +asinina (Ino.), 150 + +aspera (Aman.), 5 + +asperella (Psath'lla), 220 + +aspideus (Lac.), 62 + +asprellus (Lep.), 133 + +asterophora (Nyc.), 110 + +asterospora (Ino.), 153 + +astragalina (Flam.), 174 + +atomata (Psath'lla), 220 + +atramentarius (Copr.), 230 + +atramentosa (Col.), 55 + +atrata (Col.), 55 + +atrides (Ecc.), 136 + +atripes (Omp.), 96 + +atroalba (Myc.), 41 + +atrobrunnea (Psil.), 224 + +atrocinereum (Trich.), 21 + +atrocoeruleus (Pleu.), 104 + +atrocrocea (Lepi.), 11 + +atrocyanea (Myc.), 41 + +atromarginata (Myc.), 37 + +atropuncta (Ecc.), 137 + +atropurpurea (Rus.), 33 + +atrorufa (Psil.), 226 + +atrotomentosus (Pax.), 140 + +atrovirens (Cort.), 181 + +attenuatus (Copr.), 238 + +aurantia (Arm.), 15 + +aurantiacus (Can.), 106 + +aurantiacus (Lac.), 69 + +aurantiomarginata (Myc.), 37 + +aurantiorugosus (Plut.), 123 + +aurata (Rus.), 30 + +aurata (Rus.), 34 + +aurata (Trich.), 18 + +aurea (Phol.), 141 + +aureola (Aman.), 5 + +aureus (Hyg.), 72 + +auricolor (Lent.), 112 + +auricomus (Copr.), 239 + +auricula (Cli.), 80 + +auricula (Lent.), 113 + +auriscalpium (Arrh.), 109 + +aurivella (Phol.), 143 + +austera (Flam.), 175 + +autochthona (Tub.), 172 + +avenacea (Myc.), 37 + +azurea (Rus.), 33 + +azureus (Cort.), 189 + +azyma (Flam.), 175 + + +Babingtonii (Nol.), 128 + +baccata (Amtop.), 7 + +Badhami (Lepi.), 9 + +badipes (Nau.), 164 + +badius (Lent.), 112 + +balanina (Myc.), 37 + +balaustinus (Cort.), 198 + +balteatus (Cort.), 178 + +Barlae (Psath.), 221 + +Batschianum (Ent.), 125 + +Battarrae (Pleu.), 100 + +Battarrae (Stro.), 211 + +bella (Cli.), 91 + +belliae (Omp.), 97 + +Benoistii (Col.), 50 + +Benzoinii (Myc.), 39 + +Berkeleyi (Myc.), 41 + +Bernardii (Agar.), 205 + +betulina (Lenz.), 116 + +bibula (Omp.), 95 + +bibulus (Cort.), 195 + +bicolor (Cort.), 198 + +bicolor (Hyg.), 75 + +biformis (Cort.), 195 + +biformis (Psath'lla), 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236 + +Brownii (Can.), 106 + +brumalis (Cli.), 88 + +Brunandi (Copr.), 233 + +brunnea (Ino.), 154 + +brunneofulvus (Cort.), 194 + +brunneoincarnata (Lepi.), 10 + +brunneola (Omp.), 96 + +brunneus (Cort.), 194 + +bryophila (Nau.), 168 + +bryophila (Nol.), 129 + +bryophilus (Can.), 109 + +buccinalis (Omp.), 95 + +Bucknallii (Lepi.), 13 + +bufonium (Trich.), 23 + +bulbigera (Arm.), 14 + +bulbigenum (Ent.), 125 + +bulbillosus (Bolb.), 147 + +bulbillosus (Copr.), 230 + +bulbosus (Cort.), 191 + +bullacea (Psil.), 226 + +Bulliardii (Cort.), 187 + +Bulliardii (Mar.), 61 + +bullula (Omp.), 97 + +butyracea (Col.), 49 + +Buxbaumii (Hyp.), 214 + +buxi (Mar.), 61 + +byssisedus (Claud.), 138 + + +cacaba (Cli.), 87 + +caducus (Copr.), 235 + +caelatum (Trich.), 24 + +caerulescens (Cort.), 180 + +caesarea (Aman.), 3 + +caesariata (Ino.), 154 + +caesiolivida (Myc.), 38 + +caesiozonatus (Pleu.), 103 + +caespitosa (Omp.), 93 + +calamistrata (Ino.), 148 + +calatha (Cli.), 88 + +calceata (Stro.), 211 + 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(Lepi.), 10 + +civile (Trich.), 26 + +cladophylla (Myc.), 44 + +clandestina (Nol.), 129 + +claricolor (Cort.), 177 + +Clarkii (Hyg.), 76 + +Clarkii (Ino.), 155 + +claroflava (Rus.), 34 + +=Claudopus=, 137 + +claviceps (Heb.), 158 + +clavicularis (Myc.), 45 + +clavipes (Cli.), 80 + +clavus (Col.), 53 + +cliduchus (Cort.), 179 + +=Clitocybe=, 80 + +clitopila (Flam.), 173 + +=Clitopilus=, 134 + +clivalis (Hyg.), 75 + +clivensis (Psil.), 227 + +clusilis (Col.), 56 + +clypeatum (Ent.), 127 + +clypeolaria (Lepi.), 10 + +cnista (Trich.), 27 + +coccineus (Hyg.), 77 + +coccola (Aman.), 3 + +cochlearis (Panus), 115 + +cochleatus (Lent.), 112 + +cocles (Nol.), 131 + +codoniceps (Myc.), 47 + +coelestina (Nol.), 130 + +Coemansii (Can.), 109 + +coerulea (Rus.), 30 + +coffeata (Cli.), 83 + +cohaerens (Myc.), 40 + +Colemannianus (Hyg.), 77 + +collariata (Myc.), 44 + +collina (Col.), 51 + +collinitus (Cort.), 183 + +=Collybia=, 47 + +colossus (Trich.), 18 + +colubrina (Lepi.), 11 + +colus (Cort.), 198 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(Psath.), 222 + + +haemacta (Ino.), 149 + +haematites (Arm.), 16 + +haematochelis (Cort.), 193 + +haematospermus (Agar.), 207 + +haematopoda (Myc.), 45 + +haemorrhoidarius (Agar.), 206 + +hamadryas (Nau.), 162 + +hariolorum (Col.), 50 + +harmoge (Flam.), 175 + +haustellaris (Crep.), 202 + +=Hebeloma=, 157 + +hebepodia (Cli.), 84 + +hebes (Psil.), 227 + +heliophila (Nau.), 166 + +helobia (Psath.), 223 + +helodes (Ent.), 124 + +helomorpha (Flam.), 176 + +helvella (Hyg.), 75 + +helvelloides (Cort.), 193 + +helveola (Lepi.), 9 + +helvola (Psil.), 224 + +helvolus (Cort.), 193 + +helvus (Lac.), 65 + +hemerobius (Copr.), 240 + +hemitrichus (Cort.), 196 + +Hendersonii (Copr.), 230 + +Henningsii (Flam.), 174 + +hepatica (Omp.), 94 + +herpeticus (Cort.), 181 + +hesperidium (Nol.), 130 + +heteroclita (Phol.), 143 + +heteromorpha (Lenz.), 117 + +heterophylla (Rus.), 32 + +hiascens (Psath'lla), 219 + +=Hiatula=, 14 + +hibala (Nau.), 168 + +hiemale (Heb.), 159 + +hiemalis (Myc.), 47 + +hilaris (Nau.), 162 + +hinnuleus (Cort.), 193 + +hircinus (Cort.), 186 + +hirneola (Cli.), 80 + +hirsuta (Omp.), 95 + +hirsuta (Ino.), 148 + +hirtella (Ino.), 151 + +hirtipes (Nol.), 130 + +hispida (Lepi.), 9 + +hispidosus (Lent.), 113 + +hispidulus (Plut.), 121 + +hiulca (Ino.), 152 + +Hobsoni (Pleu.), 105 + +Hoeftii (Cort.), 197 + +holophaeum (Ent.), 124 + +holosericea (Lepi.), 11 + +hometi (Lac.), 70 + +hordum (Trich.), 22 + +horizontalis (Nau.), 163 + +hornotinus (Lent.), 111 + +hortensis (Cli.), 83 + +hospitans (Trich.), 29 + +Houghtoni (Can.), 108 + +_Houghtoni_ (Hyg.), 77 + +Hudsoni (Mar.), 61 + +humicola (Phol.), 144 + +humile (Trich.), 28 + +humosa (Cli.), 84 + +hyacinthinus (Hyg.), 71 + +hybrida (Flam.), 175 + +hydrionides (Clitop.), 135 + +hydrogramma (Omp.), 91 + +hydrophila (Nau.), 164 + +hydrophilum (Hyp.), 216 + +hydrophora (Psath'lla), 219 + +hygrophanus (Can.), 108 + +hygrophanus (Lent.), 113 + +=Hygrophorus=, 70 + +hyperborea (Amtop.), 7 + +hyperella (Nau.), 163 + +=Hypholoma=, 213 + +hypnicola (Gal.), 170 + +hypnophilus (Pleu.), 105 + +hypnorum (Can.), 106 + +hypnorum (Gal.), 170 + +hypomelas (Paneo.), 218 + +hypopithys (Vol.), 119 + +hyporrhodius (Hyg.), 74 + +hypothejus (Hyg.), 73 + +hypsipoda (Stro.), 212 + +hypsophilus (Crep.), 201 + +hysginus (Lac.), 66 + +hystrix (Ino.), 148 + + +ianthina (Lepi.), 13 + +ianthina (Myc.), 43 + +ianthipes (Cort.), 200 + +ichoratus (Lac.), 64 + +icterina (Nol.), 130 + +ignicolor (Lepi.), 9 + +ignobilis (Col.), 54 + +iliopodius (Cort.), 196 + +illibatus (Cort.), 184 + +illinita (Lepi.), 14 + +illuminus (Cort.), 197 + +imbecilis (Ino.), 157 + +imbricatum (Trich.), 20 + +imbutus (Cort.), 198 + +immundum (Trich.), 20 + +impatiens (Psath'lla), 219 + +impennis (Cort.), 192 + +imperialis (Arm.), 16 + +impolitum (Trich.), 20 + +impolitus (Lac.), 67 + +impudicus (Mar.), 58 + +inaequabilis (Claud.), 137 + +inamoenum (Trich.), 23 + +inamoenus (Copr.), 236 + +inaurata (Flam.), 175 + +incana (Lep.), 133 + +incarnata 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+ +Laschii (Arm.), 16 + +lascivum (Trich.), 23 + +lasiosperma (Myc.), 41 + +lasiosperma (Myc.), 44 + +latebricola (Myc.), 44 + +lateritioroseus (Lac.), 70 + +lateripes (Lac.), 70 + +lateritia (Gal.), 168 + +latissima (Nau.), 166 + +latus (Cort.), 242 + +laureata (Psath.), 224 + +laurocerasi (Pleu.), 103 + +laxipes (Col.), 50 + +laxus (Copr.), 235 + +lazulina (Lep.), 132 + +Lebretonii (Cort.), 189 + +leccina (Amtop.), 7 + +lecensis (Agar.), 207 + +Leightoni (Pleu.), 104 + +leiocephala (Amtop.), 7 + +lenta (Flam.), 173 + +lenticularis (Lepi.), 6 + +lenticulosa (Cli.), 85 + +lentiginosa (Cli.), 86 + +lentiniformis (Col.), 48 + +=Lentinus=, 111 + +lentulus (Clitop.), 135 + +lentum (Trich.), 26 + +=Lenzites=, 116 + +leochroma (Phol.), 142 + +leoninus (Plut.), 123 + +leontopodius (Lent.), 111 + +lepida (Rus.), 33 + +lepideus (Lent.), 111 + +lepidopus (Cort.), 189 + +lepidotum (Hyp.), 215 + +=Lepiota=, 7 + +lepiotoides (Aman.), 3 + +lepiphylla (Cli.), 89 + +lepista (Pax.), 139 + +leporinus (Hyg.), 47 + +leptocephala (Myc.), 42 + +=Leptonia=, 131 + +leptopus (Pax.), 140 + +Lerchenfeldii (Copr.), 231 + +leucocephala (Ino.), 149 + +leucocephalum (Trich.), 26 + +leucogala (Myc.), 45 + +leucomyosotis (Col.), 52 + +leucophaeus (Can.), 107 + +leucophaeus (Hyg.), 72 + +leucophanes (Paneo.), 217 + +leucopheatum (Trich.), 24 + +leucophylla (Omp.), 92 + +leucopus (Cort.), 200 + +leucotephrum (Hyp.), 216 + +leucothites (Lepi.), 11 + +libertata (Psil.), 226 + +licinipes (Cort.), 191 + +licmophora (Lepi.), 12 + +ligatus (Hyg.), 70 + +lignatilis (Pleu.), 99 + +lignicola (Lepi.), 9 + +lignicola (Pleu.), 100 + +ligniotus (Lac.), 65 + +lilacea (Col.), 51 + +lilacea (Lepi.), 10 + +lilacea (Rus.), 30 + +lilacina (Omp.), 94 + +lilacinus (Lac.), 69 + +limacinus (Hyg.), 73 + +limbata (Nau.), 167 + +limonius (Cort.), 193 + +limosa (Nol.), 128 + +limosus (Mar.), 61 + +limpidoides (Pleu.), 102 + +limpidus (Pleu.), 102 + +limulata (Flam.), 176 + +Lindgrenii (Cort.), 195 + +lineata (Myc.), 39 + 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+luscina (Cli.), 80 + +lusitanicus (Lent.), 112 + +lustratus (Cort.), 178 + +lutea (Aman.), 4 + +lutea (Rus.), 30 + +luteifolia (Col.), 53 + +luteoalba (Myc.), 39 + +luteocaesius (Pleu.), 100 + +luteolus (Bolb.), 148 + +luteolus (Crep.), 202 + +luteomarginatus (Plut.), 123 + +luteonitens (Stro.), 210 + +luteorufescens (Myc.), 37 + +luteovirens (Arm.), 15 + +luteoviridans (Rus.), 33 + +lutincola (Pleu.), 101 + +luxoviensis (Copr.), 235 + +luxurians (Phol.), 143 + + +macelenta (Col.), 53 + +macrocephalus (Copr.), 234 + +macrophylla (Cli.), 89 + +macropus (Cort.), 191 + +macropus (Pleu.), 100 + +macrorhizum (Trich.), 21 + +macrosporus (Claud.), 137 + +maculata (Col.), 48 + +maculata (Ino.), 153 + +maculata (Rus.), 35 + +maculatus (Gomp.), 212 + +maculosus (Cort.), 182 + +madidum (Ent.), 125 + +magna (Phol.), 143 + +magnifica (Aman.), 4 + +magnimamma (Heb.), 161 + +Magnusiana (Lepi.), 10 + +majale (Ent.), 127 + +malachius (Cort.), 186 + +malicorius (Cort.), 190 + +maliodorus (Lac.), 67 + +maluvium (Trich.), 25 + +mamillaris (Ino.), 156 + +mammillata (Myc.), 46 + +mammillata (Stro.), 210 + +mammosa (Nol.), 128 + +mammosus (Lac.), 69 + +mappa (Aman.), 3 + +=Marasmius=, 56 + +marcescens (Copr.), 236 + +margaritispora (Ino.), 153 + +marginata (Phol.), 146 + +maritima (Ino.), 149 + +martialis (Lepi.), 13 + +marzuola (Cli.), 84 + +Marzuolus (Hyg.), 79 + +mastigera (Psath.), 221 + +mastoidea (Lepi.), 8 + +mastrucatus (Pleu.), 104 + +maura (Omp.), 92 + +maxima (Cli.), 85 + +Mayrii (Copr.), 231 + +media (Vol.), 120 + +medioflava (Lepi.), 11 + +medullata (Lepi.), 14 + +medullosa (Nau.), 162 + +medusa (Stro.), 211 + +megalodactyla (Aman.), 5 + +megalopus (Arm.), 15 + +melaleucum (Trich.), 27 + +melanodon (Plut.), 122 + +melanops (Myc.), 40 + +melanopus (Pleu.), 100 + +melanotus (Cort.), 188 + +melantinum (Hyp.), 215 + +melasperma (Stro.), 209 + +meleagris (Lepi.), 9 + +melinoides (Nau.), 164 + +melizeus (Hyg.), 71 + +mellea (Arm.), 16 + +mellea (Phol.), 146 + +melleopallens (Lep.), 133 + +Menieri (Mar.), 61 + +mephitica (Col.), 54 + +merdaria (Stro.), 210 + +Merletii (Ino.), 150 + +mesomorpha (Lepi.), 13 + +mesophaeum (Heb.), 158 + +mesotephrus (Hyg.), 74 + +metachroa (Cli.), 89 + +metapodius (Hyg.), 76 + +metata (Myc.), 42 + +metulaespora (Lepi.), 10 + +micaceus (Copr.), 236 + +micaceus (Hyg.), 78 + +micans (Nau.), 163 + +Micheliana (Col.), 54 + +microcephalum (Trich.), 27 + +microcyclus (Cort.), 192 + +micropholis (Lepi.), 10 + +microphylla (Nyc.), 110 + +microrhiza (Psath.), 224 + +microscopica (Omp.), 97 + +miculatum (Trich.), 21 + +militare (Trich.), 26 + +miltinus (Cort.), 189 + +milvinus (Cort.), 201 + +mimica (Col.), 48 + +mimicum (Ent.), 128 + +miniaceus (Hyg.), 72 + +miniatus (Hyg.), 77 + +minimus (Lac.), 70 + +minuta (Gal.), 170 + +minuta (Lep.), 241 + +minuta (Nol.), 131 + +mirabilis (Myc.), 37 + +miser (Col.), 55 + +miser (Copr.), 240 + +miserrima (Nau.), 164 + +mitis (Pleu.), 102 + +mitissimus (Lac.), 64 + +mitratum (Heb.), 158 + +mixta (Flam.), 173 + +mniophila (Gal.), 170 + +mollis (Crep.), 201 + +mollis (Lenz.), 117 + +molybdina (Cli.), 83 + +molybdites (Lepi.), 8 + +molyoides (Mar.), 60 + +monachella (Nol.), 131 + +monstrosa (Cli.), 84 + +=Montagnites=, 240 + +montellicus (Plut.), 121 + +morchelloides (Gal.), 171 + +Morieri (Lepi.), 10 + +morio (Arm.), 16 + +mortuosa (Cli.), 90 + +Mougeotii (Ecc.), 136 + +mucida (Arm.), 17 + +mucifluus (Cort.), 183 + +mucor (Myc.), 46 + +mucronellus (Hyg.), 78 + +mulleus (Mar.), 57 + +_multifidum_ (Schiz.), 118 + +multiformis (Cort.), 179 + +mundulus (Clitop.), 134 + +muralis (Copr.), 234 + +muralis (Omp.), 94 + +murcida (Psil.), 227 + +muricata (Phol.), 145 + +muricella (Flam.), 173 + +muricinus (Cort.), 186 + +murina (Col.), 55 + +murinaceum (Trich.), 22 + +murinella (Vol.), 119 + +muscaria (Aman.), 4 + +muscigena (Phol.), 146 + +muscigenus (Can.), 108 + +muscorum (Can.), 109 + +muscorum (Tub.), 172 + +mussivum (Heb.), 157 + +mustelina (Phol.), 146 + +mustelina (Rus.), 34 + 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(Ino.), 151 + +obscuratus (Hyg.), 79 + +obsoleta (Cli.), 90 + +obturata (Stro.), 209 + +obtusata (Psath.), 222 + +obtusus (Cort.), 200 + +occulta (Cli.), 84 + +ocellata (Col.), 54 + +ochracea (Cli.), 89 + +ochracea (Rus.), 30 + +ochraceus (Can.), 108 + +ochrochlora (Flam.), 176 + +ochroleuca (Rus.), 35 + +ochroleucus (Cort.), 188 + +ochrophyllus (Cort.), 188 + +ocreata (Stro.), 211 + +odini (Heb.), 161 + +odora (Cli.), 81 + +odorus (Can.), 109 + +oedipus (Hyp.), 214 + +olearius (Pleu.), 99 + +olida (Myc.), 39 + +olidus (Can.), 106 + +olivacea (Rus.), 31 + +olivaceoalbus (Hyg.), 73 + +olivaceomarginata (Myc.), 37 + +olivascens (Cort.), 183 + +olivascens (Cort.), 191 + +olivascens (Rus.), 32 + +oliveus (Cort.), 185 + +Olivieri (Lepi.), 8 + +olorina (Cli.), 82 + +ombrophila (Phol.), 141 + +ombrophila (Psath.), 222 + +=Omphalia=, 91 + +omphalodes (Lent.), 112 + +oniscoides (Omp.), 93 + +oniscus (Omp.), 93 + +onychinum (Trich.), 23 + +opaca (Cli.), 84 + +opicum (Trich.), 22 + +opimus (Cort.), 185 + +opiparia (Cli.), 81 + +orbicularis (Col.), 51 + +orbiformis (Cli.), 89 + +orcella (Clitop.), 134 + +orcelloides (Pax.), 139 + +oreades (Mar.), 57 + +oreinum (Trich.), 25 + +orellanus (Cort.), 190 + +orichalceus (Cort.), 181 + +ornatus (Pleu.), 98 + +ostreatus (Pleu.), 101 + +ovalis (Gal.), 169 + +ovatus (Copr.), 230 + +ovinus (Hyg.), 76 + +ovoidea (Aman.), 3 + +ozes (Col.), 54 + +ozonii (Bolb.), 148 + + +pachyphylla (Cli.), 91 + +paedidum (Trich.), 28 + +paleaceus (Cort.), 196 + +Pallassii (Mont.), 240 + +pallens (Lep.), 133 + +pallens (Psath.), 222 + +pallescens (Crep.), 202 + +pallida (Rus.), 34 + +pallidus (Lac.), 65 + +palmatus (Crep.), 201 + +paludosa (Tub.), 171 + +palustris (Stro.), 210 + +panaeolum (Trich.), 27 + +=Panaeolus=, 217 + +panaeolus (Pax.), 139 + +Pannizii (Cli.), 85 + +pannosa (Nau.), 167 + +pannucius (Lac.), 68 + +pansa (Cort.), 180 + +pantherina (Aman.), 5 + +pantoleucus (Pleu.), 100 + +panuoides (Pax.), 140 + +=Panus=, 114 + +papilionaceus (Paneo.), 217 + +papillata (Cli.), 89 + +papillata (Nol.), 128 + +papillatus (Copr.), 238 + +papulosus (Cort.), 182 + +parabolica (Myc.), 41 + +paradoxa (Stro.), 211 + +paradoxus (Pax.), 140 + +paragaudis (Cort.), 193 + +parasitica (Lep.), 134 + +parasitica (Nyc.), 110 + +pardalis (Pleu.), 98 + +parilis (Cli.), 86 + +Parisotii (Crep.), 202 + +Parkensis (Ecc.), 136 + +paropsis (Cli.), 87 + +parvannulata (Lepi.), 13 + +parvula (Vol.), 120 + +parvus (Can.), 107 + +pascua (Nol.), 128 + +patellaris (Panus), 115 + +pateriformis (Cort.), 199 + +pathenopejus (Pleu.), 101 + +Patouillardii (Copr.), 238 + +patulum (Trich.), 25 + +Pauletii (Lepi.), 12 + +paupercula (Myc.), 42 + +pausiaca (Cli.), 89 + +pavonius (Cort.), 187 + +=Paxillus=, 139 + +paxillus (Phol.), 145 + +pectinata (Omp.), 97 + +pectinata (Rus.), 35 + +pediades (Nau.), 165 + +pelianthina (Myc.), 36 + +pelliculosa (Myc.), 45 + +pellitus (Plut.), 122 + +pellucida (Tub.), 171 + +pellucidus (Copr.), 240 + +pelmatosporus (Cort.), 178 + 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(Crep.), 202 + +philonitis (Omp.), 93 + +phlebophorus (Plut.), 123 + +phoenicea (Arm.), 14 + +Phoenix (Pilo.), 208 + +phoenix (Psil.), 227 + +pholideus (Cort.), 187 + +=Pholiota=, 141 + +phragmatophylla (Phol.), 142 + +phrygianus (Cort.), 187 + +phyllophila (Cli.), 82 + +phyllophilus (Copr.), 240 + +physaloides (Psil.), 226 + +picaceus (Copr.), 232 + +picea (Nol.), 130 + +picinus (Lac.), 69 + +picrea (Flam.), 176 + +picta (Omp.), 96 + +=Pilosace=, 208 + +pilosus (Copr.), 233 + +pilulaeforme (Hyp.), 216 + +pinastri (Lenz.), 117 + +pinetorum (Arm.), 17 + +pingua (Lepi.), 14 + +pinsitus (Pleu.), 103 + +piperatus (Lac.), 66 + +pisciodora (Nol.), 129 + +pithyophila (Cli.), 82 + +pityria (Gal.), 170 + +pityrodes (Nau.), 168 + +placenta (Ent.), 124 + +placida (Lep.), 131 + +plancus (Mar.), 57 + +planipes (Col.), 53 + +planus (Pleu.), 102 + +platyphylla (Col.), 47 + +platypus (Copr.), 234 + +plautus (Plut.), 122 + +pleopodia (Nol.), 130 + +pleurotoides (Arm.), 16 + +=Pleurotus=, 98 + +plexipes (Col.), 55 + +plicatilis (Copr.), 239 + +plicatocrenata (Myc.), 45 + +plicosa (Myc.), 42 + +plumbea (Myc.), 43 + +plumbeus (Lac.), 68 + +plumbosus (Cort.), 198 + +plumiger (Cort.), 192 + +plumipes (Col.), 53 + +plumosa (Ino.), 149 + +pluteoides (Ent.), 127 + +=Pluteolus=, 146 + +=Pluteus=, 120 + +pluvius (Cort.), 185 + +polita (Ecc.), 136 + +polius (Cli.), 80 + +polyadelpha (Omp.), 97 + +polycephalus (Can.), 108 + +polygramma (Myc.), 40 + +polyphyllum (Trich.), 20 + +polysticta (Lepi.), 13 + +pometi (Pleu.), 100 + +popinalis (Clitop.), 135 + +Porinae (Lac.), 69 + +porphyria (Aman.), 4 + +porphyrophaeum (Ent.), 124 + +porphyropus (Cort.), 182 + +porreus (Mar.), 56 + +porrigens (Pleu.), 103 + +porriginosa (Nau.), 166 + +portentosum (Trich.), 17 + +Postii (Omp.), 92 + +praecox (Ent.), 128 + +praecox (Phol.), 142 + +praegnans (Copr.), 230 + +praenitens (Agar.), 204 + +praestans (Cort.), 185 + +praetervisa (Ino.), 152 + +praetoria (Amtop.), 6 + +prasinus (Cort.), 181 + +prasiosmus (Mar.), 57 + +pratensis (Agar.), 205 + +pratensis (Hyg.), 74 + +Prescottii (Hyp.), 214 + +privignus (Cort.), 197 + +proboscideus (Crep.), 203 + +procera (Lepi.), 7 + +prominens (Lepi.), 8 + +proletaria (Nol.), 128 + +prolifera (Myc.), 40 + +prolixa (Col.), 48 + +prona (Psath'lla), 220 + +properatus (Pleu.), 99 + +protracta (Col.), 55 + +proxima (Cli.), 91 + +proximella (Ino.), 153 + +pruinata (Myc.), 40 + +pruinosa (Cli.), 88 + +prunuloides (Ent.), 124 + +prunulus (Clitop.), 134 + +psammicola (Myc.), 42 + +psammocephalus (Cort.), 195 + +psammopodium (Trich.), 20 + +=Psathyra=, 221 + +=Psathyrella=, 218 + +psathyroides (Col.), 52 + +pseudoandrosacea (Omp.), 95 + +pseudoorcella (Clitop.), 134 + +pseudoplicatilis (Copr.), 237 + +pseudopura (Myc.), 38 + +=Psilocybe=, 224 + +psilocyboides (Omp.), 96 + +psittacinus (Hyg.), 79 + +pterigena (Myc.), 46 + +pubescens (Gal.), 169 + +pubescens (Lac.), 66 + +pudens (Panus), 115 + +pudens (Pleu.), 105 + +pudica (Phol.), 142 + +pudorinus (Hyg.), 71 + 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69 + +pyrotrichum (Hyp.), 214 + +pyxidata (Omp.), 92 + + +quadricolor (Cort.), 192 + +Queletii (Cli.), 88 + +Queletii (Copr.), 235 + +Queletii (Heb.), 160 + +Queletii (Hyg.), 72 + +Queletii (Lent.), 111 + +Queletii (Lenz.), 117 + +Queletii (Lep.), 134 + +Queletii (Mar.), 57 + +Queletii (Paneo.), 218 + +Queletii (Rus.), 36 + +quietus (Lac.), 64 + +quinquepartitum (Trich.), 17 + +quisquilaris (Ent.), 124 + + +rabenhorstii (Gal.), 169 + +racemosa (Col.), 51 + +rachodes (Lepi.), 7 + +radians (Copr.), 236 + +radiatus (Copr.), 238 + +radicata (Col.), 47 + +radicellata (Cli.), 89 + +radicellata (Phol.), 142 + +radicosa (Phol.), 142 + +raeborhiza (Myc.), 40 + +Ralfsii (Crep.), 202 + +ramealis (Mar.), 59 + +ramentacea (Arm.), 15 + +ramosa (Col.), 49 + +ramosus (Can.), 108 + +rancida (Col.), 54 + +rapaceus (Cort.), 179 + +raphanicum (Trich.), 26 + +raphanoides (Cort.), 190 + +rapidus (Copr.), 240 + +rasile (Trich.), 29 + +ravida (Gal.), 170 + +ravida (Rus.), 30 + +reclina (Omp.), 96 + +recubans (Mar.), 62 + +reducta (Nau.), 166 + +Reedii (Cort.), 199 + +regia (Vol.), 119 + +Reichardtii (Lenz.), 117 + +relicina (Ino.), 148 + +remotus (Paneo.), 217 + +Renati (Myc.), 38 + +renidens (Cort.), 198 + +reniformis (Pleu.), 102 + +Renneyi (Ino.), 156 + +repandum (Ent.), 124 + +replexus (Can.), 108 + +resimus (Lac.), 62 + +resinaceus (Lent.), 112 + +resplendens (Trich.), 17 + +resutum (Ent.), 126 + +reticulatus (Pluteo.), 146 + +retigera (Col.), 53 + +retirugis (Paneo.), 217 + +retirugus (Can.), 109 + +retisporus (Lac.), 63 + +retosta (Omp.), 95 + +revolutus (Pax.), 140 + +revolutus (Pleu.), 101 + +rhadigiosa (Arm.), 16 + +rhodella (Col.), 52 + +rhodiola (Ino.), 150 + +rhodocylix (Ecc.), 137 + +rhodoleuca (Cli.), 86 + +rhodomela (Vol.), 119 + +rhodopolium (Ent.), 127 + +rhytipes (Rus.), 34 + +riculatus (Cort.), 188 + +Riederi (Cort.), 178 + +rigens (Cort.), 199 + +rigidata (Cli.), 82 + +rigidus (Cort.), 196 + +rimosa (Ino.), 153 + +rimulincola (Nau.), 163 + +rimulosa (Schulz.), 241 + 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(Mar.), 58 + +scorpioides (Nau.), 166 + +scorteus (Mar.), 57 + +Scoticus (Lac.), 66 + +scoticus (Lent.), 113 + +scrobiculatus (Lac.), 62 + +scruposa (Arm.), 15 + +scutellinus (Crep.), 203 + +scutulatus (Cort.), 192 + +scyphiformis (Omp.), 93 + +scyphoides (Omp.), 92 + +sebaceus (Cort.), 178 + +Secretani (Hyg.), 72 + +Secretani (Phol.), 141 + +segestria (Nau.), 167 + +sejunctum (Trich.), 17 + +semibulbosus (Plut.), 123 + +semicrema (Rus.), 31 + +semiflexa (Nau.), 163 + +semiglobata (Stro.), 210 + +semiinfundibuliformis (Pleu.), 102 + +semilanceata (Psil.), 226 + +seminuda (Lepi.), 13 + +semiorbicularis (Nau.), 165 + +semistriatus (Copr.), 239 + +semitalis (Col.), 47 + +semivestita (Psath.), 223 + +semotus (Agar.), 207 + +senescens (Heb.), 157 + +senilis (Cli.), 87 + +separata (Anel.), 212 + +sepiaria (Lenz.), 116 + +septentrionalis (Lenz.), 117 + +septentrionalis (Schulz.), 241 + +septicus (Pleu.), 103 + +serarius (Cort.), 182 + +serena (Lepi.), 13 + +sericellum (Ent.), 126 + +sericeum (Ent.), 127 + +serifluus (Lac.), 64 + +serotina (Rus.), 35 + +serotinus (Pleu.), 102 + +serpentina (Col.), 48 + +serrulata (Lep.), 132 + +setiger (Agar.), 207 + +setipes (Omp.), 96 + +setosa (Myc.), 47 + +Seynii (Myc.), 38 + +Severinii (Pleu.), 103 + +siccipes (Stro.), 210 + +sideroides (Nau.), 164 + +silaceum (Hyp.), 213 + +siliginea (Gal.), 169 + +silvanus (Pleu.), 104 + +silvaticus (Agar.), 206 + +similis (Copr.), 233 + +simillima (Myc.), 40 + +simulans (Psil.), 227 + +sinapizans (Heb.), 159 + +sindonia (Ino.), 155 + +sinopica (Cli.), 85 + +sinuatum (Ent.), 124 + +sinuosum (Heb.), 157 + +siparia (Nau.), 167 + +sistrata (Lepi.), 13 + +sitaneus (Lent.), 111 + +smaragdina (Rus.), 32 + +Smithii (Clitop.), 136 + +Sobolewski (Col.), 50 + +soboliferus (Copr.), 230 + +sobria (Nau.), 167 + +socialis (Cli.), 81 + +sociatus (Copr.), 237 + +solitaria (Aman.), 5 + +solitaria (Psath.), 222 + +solstitialis (Copr.), 228 + +solstitialis (Lep.), 132 + +solstitialis (Nau.), 163 + +sorbina (Lenz.), 117 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+ +squamigera (Schulz.), 241 + +squamosa (Psath.), 224 + +squamosa (Stro.), 210 + +squamosus (Copr.), 231 + +squamulosa (Cli.), 85 + +squamulosa (Stro.), 209 + +squarrosa (Phol.), 143 + +squarrulosa (Ino.), 149 + +squarrulosum (Trich.), 21 + +stabilis (Flam.), 175 + +stagnina (Tub.), 171 + +stannea (Myc.), 43 + +stans (Trich.), 18 + +Staringii (Pleu.), 101 + +staurospora (Nol.), 130 + +stellaris (Copr.), 237 + +stellata (Omp.), 95 + +stemmatus (Cort.), 196 + +stenocoleus (Copr.), 229 + +stercoraria (Stro.), 210 + +stercorarius (Copr.), 236 + +sterile (Heb.), 161 + +sterquilinus (Copr.), 228 + +Stevensoni (Can.), 108 + +Stevensoni (Col.), 52 + +Stevensonii (Panus), 115 + +stictica (Nau.), 164 + +stilbocephalus (Clitop.), 136 + +stillatitius (Cort.), 185 + +stiparophyllum (Trich.), 23 + +stipitaria (Col.), 50 + +stipticus (Panus), 115 + +stipularis (Myc.), 47 + +stiriacus (Crep.), 201 + +Stocseki (Heb.), 160 + +storea (Hyp.), 214 + +straminella (Lepi.), 12 + +straminipes (Clitop.), 136 + +strangulata (Amtop.), 6 + +streptopus (Hyg.), 76 + +striaepes (Nau.), 165 + +striaepileus (Amp.), 92 + +striatulus (Pleu.), 105 + +stricta (Psath.), 222 + +strictipes (Trich.), 28 + +stridula (Col.), 49 + +strigiceps (Ino.), 157 + +strobiliformis (Aman.), 6 + +strobiliformis (Lepi.), 11 + +strobilina (Myc.), 37 + +=Stropharia=, 208 + +strophosum (Heb.), 159 + +Strossmayeri (Copr.), 235 + +strumosa (Col.), 49 + +Studeriana (Flam.), 176 + +stylobates (Myc.), 46 + +suaveolens (Cli.), 88 + +suavis (Nau.), 167 + +suavissimis (Lent.), 113 + +subalutacea (Cli.), 81 + +subannulatus (Mar.), 56 + +subatomata (Psath'lla), 220 + +subatrata (Psath'lla), 218 + +subbalteatus (Paneo.), 218 + +subcava (Arm.), 16 + +subcoeruleo-griseus (Copr.), 233 + +subcollariatum (Heb.), 159 + +subdecastes (Cli.), 83 + +subdenticulatus (Can.), 106 + +subdulcis (Lac.), 68 + +subericaea (Psil.), 225 + +suberosus (Hyg.), 75 + +subferrugineus (Cort.), 197 + +subfirmus (Paneo.), 217 + +subgibbosus (Agar.), 208 + +subglobosa (Nol.), 130 + +subglobosa (Nau.), 162 + +subgranulosa (Ino.), 154 + +subintiger (Crep.), 202 + +subinvoluta (Cli.), 86 + +sublanatus (Cort.), 187 + +sublateritium (Hyp.), 213 + +sublentum (Hyp.), 216 + +subliquescens (Psath.), 222 + +sublutea (Phol.), 145 + +subnotatus (Cort.), 190 + +subnuda (Psath.), 223 + +subpalmatus (Pleu.), 99 + +subpapillatum (Hyp.), 216 + +subplicatus (Pleu.), 105 + +subplicosa (Myc.), 42 + +subpulverulentum (Trich.), 28 + +subpurpurascens (Hyg.), 71 + +subradiatus (Hyg.), 76 + +subrimosa (Ino.), 156 + +subrosea (Psath'lla), 220 + +subrubens (Ent.), 126 + +subrufulus (Pleu.), 102 + +subsaponaceum (Heb.), 159 + +subsimilis (Cort.), 183 + +subsquarrosa (Phol.), 144 + +subtemulenta (Nau.), 166 + +subtilis (Psath'lla), 221 + +subtortum (Heb.), 158 + +subtortus (Cort.), 243 + +subumbonatus (Lac.), 65 + +subviscifera (Clito.), 242 + +subzonatum (Heb.), 161 + +succinea (Col.), 52 + +sudora (Myc.), 40 + +sudum (Trich.), 22 + +suffrutescens (Lent.), 112 + +suillus (Cort.), 187 + +sulcata (Psath'lla), 220 + +sulcata (Stro.), 211 + +sulcato-crenatus (Copr.), 238 + +sulcatula (Stro.), 211 + +sulcatus (Hyg.), 77 + +sulfurinus (Cort.), 181 + +sulphureum (Trich.), 23 + +supina (Myc.), 44 + +suratus (Cort.), 184 + +sylvestre (Hyp.), 215 + +Syrjense (Heb.), 159 + +syrjensis (Hyg.), 78 + + +tabacella (Nau.), 165 + +tabacina (Nau.), 165 + +tabescens (Cli.), 83 + +_tabescens_ (Coll.), 83 + +tabidus (Lac.), 70 + +tabularis (Cort.), 188 + +talus (Cort.), 180 + +Tamii (Flam.), 173 + +tardus (Copr.), 238 + +Tavastense (Stro.), 209 + +Tavastensis (Nau.), 166 + +Taylori (Vol.), 119 + +tegularis (Psil.), 226 + +telmatiaea (Omp.), 93 + +temperata (Vol.), 120 + +temulenta (Nau.), 166 + +tenacella (Col.), 52 + +tenax (Nau.), 166 + +tenebrosa (Ino.), 151 + +tenella (Arrh.), 110 + +tenella (Myc.), 44 + +tener (Bolb.), 148 + +tenera (Gal.), 168 + +tenerrima (Myc.), 46 + +tenuiceps (Trich.), 21 + +tenuicula (Psath.), 222 + +tenuiculus (Plut.), 123 + +tenuis (Myc.), 43 + +tenuis (Panus), 115 + +tenuissima (Gal.), 170 + +tephroleucus (Hyg.), 74 + +terginus (Mar.), 57 + +tergiversans (Copr.), 231 + +Terrei (Lac.), 68 + +terreum (Trich.), 21 + +terrigena (Phol.), 141 + +tersa (Phol.), 145 + +tesquorum (Col.), 55 + +tessulatus (Pleu.), 98 + +testaceocanescens (Cort.), 191 + +testaceum (Heb.), 158 + +testaceus (Cort.), 181 + +theiodes (Vol.), 119 + +theiogalus (Lac.), 62 + +thelephora (Col.), 52 + +Thomsoni (Ent.), 126 + +tigrinellus (Copr.), 234 + +tigrinum (Trich.), 24 + +tigrinus (Lent.), 111 + +tintinabulum (Myc.), 41 + +tithymalinus (Lac.), 68 + +titubans (Bolb.), 147 + +togularis (Phol.), 141 + +tomentella (Ino.), 155 + +tomentellus (Lent.), 113 + +tomentosus (Copr.), 232 + +tomentosus (Lac.), 65 + +tophaceus (Cort.), 186 + +torminosus (Lac.), 66 + +tornata (Cli.), 82 + +torpens (Psath.), 221 + +torquatus (Mar.), 60 + +torquescens (Mar.), 58 + +tortipes (Ent.), 126 + +tortuosum (Heb.), 161 + +tortuosus (Cort.), 197 + +torulosus (Panus), 114 + +torvus (Cort.), 192 + +trabea (Lenz.), 116 + +trachelina (Myc.), 46 + +traganus (Cort.), 186 + +transilvanica (Ann.), 120 + +translucens (Claud.), 137 + +transversum (Hyp.), 213 + +Trappenii (Copr.), 229 + +trechispora (Ino.), 157 + +tremens (Pleu.), 104 + +tremulus (Pleu.), 103 + +trepida (Psath'lla), 219 + +trichocephala (Phol.), 145 + +=Tricholoma=, 17 + +tricholoma (Ino.), 157 + +tricolor (Lenz.), 116 + +tricolor (Omp.), 94 + +triformis (Cort.), 195 + +Trinii (Ino.), 154 + +triscopoda (Nau.), 165 + +triste (Trich.), 21 + +tristis (Ecc.), 137 + +triumphans (Cort.), 177 + +trivialis (Ino.), 150 + +trivialis (Lac.), 67 + +trochila (Col.), 50 + +=Trogia=, 117 + +Trogii (Cli.), 82 + +trullaeformis (Cli.), 85 + +truncatum (Heb.), 160 + +truncorum (Copr.), 236 + +tuba (Cli.), 87 + +tubaeformis (Can.), 107 + +=Tubaria=, 171 + +tuberculata (Lepi.), 12 + +tuberculosa (Phol.), 145 + +tuberosa (Col.), 51 + +tuberosus (Copr.), 235 + +tumescens (Arm.), 16 + +tumidum (Trich.), 22 + +tumulosa (Cli.), 84 + +turbidum (Ent.), 127 + +turbinatus (Cort.), 180 + +Turci (Lep.), 132 + +turgidus (Cort.), 185 + +turmalis (Cort.), 178 + +turpis (Lac.), 67 + +Turrissi (Can.), 107 + +turritum (Trich.), 27 + +turundus (Hyg.), 77 + +tylicolor (Col.), 56 + +typhae (Psath.), 222 + +typhicola (Nau.), 164 + +tyrianthina (Cli.), 81 + + +uda (Psil.), 225 + +uliginosus (Cort.), 190 + +ulmarius (Pleu.), 98 + +umbellatus (Lent.), 112 + +umbellifera (Omp.), 94 + +umbilicata (Omp.), 92 + +umbilicatus (Cort.), 197 + +umbonatus (Can.), 167 + +umbratica (Ino.), 155 + +umbratila (Omp.), 96 + +umbrina (Ino.), 153 + +umbrinellus (Plut.), 123 + +umbrinus (Copr.), 229 + +umbrinus (Lac.), 67 + +umbrosus (Plut.), 121 + +undatus (Clitop.), 135 + +undulosa (Nau.), 165 + +unguentatum (Trich.), 20 + +unguicularis (Pleu.), 104 + +unguinosus (Hyg.), 79 + +unicolor (Phol.), 146 + +unimodus (Cort.), 199 + +uraceus (Cort.), 198 + +urania (Myc.), 43 + +urbicus (Cort.), 191 + +urbum (Trich.), 28 + +urceolata (Amtop.), 6 + +urens (Mar.), 56 + +urnula (Panus), 114 + +ursinus (Lent.), 113 + +urticaecola (Psath.), 224 + +ustale (Trich.), 18 + +utilis (Lac.), 69 + +uvidus (Lac.), 63 + + +vaccinum (Trich.), 20 + +vaginata (Amtop.), 6 + +Vaillantii (Mar.), 59 + +valgus (Cort.), 190 + +valida (Aman.), 5 + +vaporarius (Panus), 114 + +variabilis (Claud.), 137 + +varicosus (Mar.), 57 + +varicus (Copr.), 232 + +variegata (Lenz.), 116 + +variegatum (Trich.), 19 + +variegatus (Cort.), 180 + +variicolor (Cort.), 178 + +varius (Cort.), 178 + +vatricosa (Ino.), 157 + +velaris (Copr.), 240 + +velatus (Copr.), 232 + +vellereus (Lac.), 66 + +velox (Copr.), 237 + +veluticeps (Col.), 47 + +velutina (Omp.), 94 + +velutinum (Hyp.), 215 + +velutinus (Hyg.), 74 + +velutipes (Col.), 50 + +veneris (Cli.), 81 + +venetus (Cort.), 191 + +venosum (Ent.), 128 + +ventosa (Omp.), 91 + +ventricosa (Col.), 52 + +ventricosa (Stro.), 209 + +ventricosus (Hyg.), 75 + +venusta (Lepi.), 12 + +venustissima (Cli.), 81 + +venustula (Myc.), 37 + +verecunda (Nol.), 130 + +vermicularis (Cli.), 87 + +vernalis (Aman.), 4 + +vernicosa (Cli.), 81 + +verpoides (Nyc.), 110 + +verrucipes (Arm.), 16 + +versatilis (Nol.), 128 + +versicolor (Stro.), 208 + +versipelle (Heb.), 158 + +vertiruga (Col.), 50 + +vervacti (Nau.), 165 + +vesca (Rus.), 33 + +vespertinus (Cort.), 243 + +vestita (Tub.), 171 + +vesuviana (Omp.), 92 + +veternosa (Rus.), 35 + +vibecina (Cli.), 88 + +vibratilis (Cort.), 185 + +vicina (Psil.), 228 + +vietus (Lac.), 64 + +vignolius (Hyg.), 73 + +vilis (Cli.), 82 + +vilis (Clitop.), 135 + +villosa (Phol.), 144 + +violaceafusca (Ino.), 150 + +violaceo-atrum (Hyp.), 216 + +violaceofulvus (Panus), 115 + +violaceonitens (Trich.), 27 + +violarius (Plut.), 121 + +violascens (Heb.), 159 + +violascens (Ino.), 149 + +violascens (Lac.), 63 + +vinacea (Nol.), 129 + +vinosa (Flam.), 173 + +vinosus (Cort.), 187 + +viperina (Vol.), 120 + +virescens (Psil.), 225 + +virescens (Rus.), 33 + +virgatum (Trich.), 22 + +virginea (Rus.), 31 + +virgineus (Hyg.), 75 + +viridans (Ent.), 125 + +viridifluens (Nol.), 130 + +viridimarginata (Myc.), 37 + +viridis (Lac.), 70 + +virosa (Aman.), 3 + +viscidula (Tub.), 172 + +viscidus (Gomp.), 212 + +viscosus (Cort.), 186 + +vitellina (Rus.), 29 + +vitellinopes (Cort.), 179 + +vitellinus (Bolb.), 147 + +vitellinus (Hyg.), 77 + +vitilis (Myc.), 44 + +vitrea (Myc.), 43 + +Vittadinii (Lepi.), 11 + +vittaeformis (Gal.), 169 + +Viviani (Arm.), 16 + +volemus (Lac.), 64 + +volvacea (Vol.), 119 + +volvaceo-minimus (Copr.), 229 + +=Volvaria=, 119 + +vopiscus (Nyc.), 110 + +vulgaris (Myc.), 45 + +vulpecula (Cli.), 81 + +vulpinus (Lent.), 113 + + +Weislandri (Nau.), 167 + +Whitei (Ino.), 157 + +Worthingtoni (Stro.), 210 + +Wynnei (Ent.), 127 + +Wynnei (Mar.), 58 + +Wynniae (Hiat.), 14 + +Wynniae (Hyg.), 78 + + +xanthodermus (Agar.), 205 + +xanthogramma (Ann.), 120 + +xanthophaea (Rus.), 30 + +xanthophylla (Cli.), 90 + +xanthopoda (Col.), 52 + +xerampelina (Rus.), 29 + +xerotoides (Mar.), 59 + +=Xerotus=, 116 + +xylophila (Col.), 49 + + +zahlbruckneri (Claud.), 138 + +zephira (Myc.), 38 + +zinziberatus (Cort.), 198 + +zizyphana (Cli.), 87 + +zonarius (Agar.), 207 + +zonarius (Lac.), 67 + +zygophylla (Cli.), 89 */ + + +CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. + + + + +_DUCKWORTH & CO._ + + +=IMPORTANT BOTANICAL WORKS.= + + +_JACKSON, B. DAYDON._ + +=A Glossary of Botanic Terms=, with their derivation and accent. By +BENJAMIN DAYDON JACKSON, Secretary of the Linnean Society of London. +Crown 8vo. 6_s._ net. + + _Athenæum._--"Every Botanist will praise this work." + + _Gardeners' Chronicle._--"A much needed glossary. Should find a + place in every garden library." + + _Journal of Botany._--"Mr Jackson has supplied what was wanting." + + _Nature._--"Exceedingly valuable." + + _Science Gossip._--"No botanist can afford to dispense with this + work." + + +_PERCIVAL, JOHN._ + +=Agricultural Botany: Theoretical and Practical.= By JOHN PERCIVAL, +M.A., F.L.S., Professor of Botany at the South-Eastern Agricultural +College, Wye. Crown 8vo, with 265 Illustrations by the Author. 7_s._ +6_d._ net. + +_Second Edition. Ready now._ + + Incorporated in the text are 265 illustrations, and over three + hundred experiments, which specially enhance the value of the book + for schools and colleges where botany, agriculture, and + horticulture are taught. + + _Nature._--"We have no hesitation in recommending it as _the_ + elementary handbook for the agricultural student. The chapters on + weeds and on diseases of farm-plants are distinctly better than + those in any previous English works dealing with agricultural + botany." + + _Journal of Education._--"A book which supplies what has for a long + time been felt as a serious want in the literature of agricultural + textbooks.... The book could hardly have been better." + + +_MASSEE, GEORGE._ + +=A Text-Book of Plant Diseases=, caused by Cryptogamic Parasites. By +GEORGE MASSEE, F.L.S., Mycologist and Principal Assistant, Royal +Herbarium, Kew. With 92 Illustrations, drawn from Nature by the Author. +Crown 8vo. 5_s._ net. + + _Literature._--"The book deserves to become the leading English + textbook on the subject." + + _Farmers' Gazette._--"The manual which Messrs Duckworth have so + attractively brought out for Mr Massee is one of the best of its + kind that has yet appeared." + + +_MOYLE ROGERS, THE REV. W._ + +=A Hand-book of British Rubi.= By the Rev. W. MOYLE ROGERS, F.L.S. Demy +8vo. 5_s._ net. + + DUCKWORTH & CO. + 3 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. + + + + +Transcriber's Notes. + + +The printer used raised dots for the decimal point; they were changed to +periods. + +The dagger symbol was used in the keys; I changed them to the plus sign. + +There are many inconsistencies in the way words are abbreviated, the +hyphenation, the Latin word endings and the capitalization of names, as +well as the spelling in general; except where noted below, I left them +as is. + +Changed "subq." to "subg." on page 11: "sp. subg. 6-7." + +Changed comma to period after "rufous" on page 23: "p. tinged rufous." + +Changed "peristently" to "persistently" on page 24: "persistently +reddish flesh colour." + +Added missing period after "g" on page 30: "g. deep ochraceous." + +Sometimes the abbreviation "sp." is missing when the spores are +described, such as page 31; I left them as is. Similarly, the +abbreviation "P." is sometimes missing when the pileus is described as +on page 50. I also left this as is. + +Added period after "var" on page 36: "var. violacea." + +Changed "striata" to "striate" on page 42: "striate at paler margin." + +Changed comma to period in entry for haematopoda on page 45: +"Caespitose." + +Changed "mik" to "milk" on page 45: "giving out milk when broken." + +Changed period to comma after "lax" on page 49: "lax, campan. then exp." + +Changed "hariolarum" to "hariolorum" on page 51: "Differs from C. +hariolorum." + +Although it appears that "P." should be after "Acrid.", I left it as is +on page 56 in the entry for M. urens. + +Changed "palllid" to "pallid" on page 56: "pallid then rufescent." + +The upper limit on the size of the pileus for M. plancus is missing on +page 57. I inserted an ellipsis as a placeholder. + +Added a period after "P" on page 57: (varicosus) "P. 1.5-3 cm." + +Changed "sub-umb." to "subumb." on page 58: "subumb. lilac-brown." + +The spore size for M. fuscopurpureus on page 57 was left as "4-3" even +though that must be in error. + +Changed semi-colon to comma on page 72: "with white points upwards, 3-5 +cm." + +The authority for M. xerotoides was left as "Tr.", although "Fr." might +have been intended. + +Replaced "]" with ")" on page 79: "(= _Clitocybe Marzuolus_, Bres.)." + +The authority for C. hirneola var. undulata was missing on page 80; I +inserted "----." as a placeholder. + +Inserted period after "s" on page 83: "s. 7-10 cm." + +Changed "floccossly" to "floccosely" on page 85: "floccosely villose." + +Changed "yelllow" to "yellow" on page 100: "white then livid yellow." + +There are two entries for Cantharellus tubaeformis var. lutescens on +page 107. Although these are almost identical, I kept them both. + +Changed comma to period on page 108: "plano-infundib." + +Changed "p." to "P." on page 112: "P. thin, subdimidiate." + +Changed "Quelet" to "Quélet" on page 116: "Quélet says." + +Removed extra period after "then" on page 126: "P. campan. then exp." + +Changed "D.C." to "D. C." on page 140: "lamellirugis, D. C." + +Changed "verdegris" to "verdigris" on page 149: "tinged verdigris at +base." Also on page 175: "verdigris green." + +Removed replaced hyphen with space on page 149: "apex naked." + +Change "squarrosula" to "squarrulosa" on page 149: "squarrulosa, Karst." + +Inserted period after "var" on page 156: "var. major, B. and Br." + +Removed extra period after "campanulato" on page 161: "P. +campanulato-exp." + +Inserted period after "g" on page 168: "g. slightly sinuate." + +Changed "Hypholama" to "Hypholoma" on page 175: "Habit of Hypholoma +fasciculare." + +Changed "Sub-genera" to "Subgenera" on page 177: "Key to the Subgenera." + +Changed "sub-bulbous" to "subbulbous" on page 177 for consistency: +"subbulbous base." Also on page 197: "subbulbous base." + +Changed "fucescent" to "fuscescent" on page 188: "fuscescent with a grey +bloom." + +Sometimes, as on page 208, the Micro character is included with the +spore size. I left these where they occurred in the original. + +Inserted comma after "free" on page 230: "g. free, white then black." + +Removed extra period after "in" on page 236: "in p. being globose." + +Inserted periods after "Jacobasch" and ")" on page 238 for consistency: +"Jacobasch. (= _Cop. intermedius_ Gill.)." + +Changed "+" to "×" on page 240: (Pallassii) "sp. 12 × 4." + +Added missing ")" to close paragraph on page 246: "British Fungi.')" + +Changed "caeseriata" to "caesariata" on page 251: "caesariata (Ino.), +154." + +Changed "cöopertus" to "coöpertus" on page 253: "coöpertus (Copr.), +237." + +Changed "16" to "86" on page 256: "flaccida (Cli.), 86." + +Moved period inside parentheses on page 256: "ephemerus (Copr.), 237." + +Inserted missing page number in Index: "macrocephalus (Copr.), 234." + +Changed "Amv." to "Ann." on page 261: "laevis (Ann.), 120." + +Left inconsistent capitalization of "Var." and "var." + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae, by +George Massee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA: AGARICACEAE *** + +***** This file should be named 33013-8.txt or 33013-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/0/1/33013/ + +Produced by Peter Vachuska, Stephen H. 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