diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:20:52 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:20:52 -0700 |
| commit | be5614dcb8f309607e156ff13f1c98e9e5baaa13 (patch) | |
| tree | 7d6915ab02243ec8570318135d9258b9e82edd3b /3278-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '3278-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 3278-h/3278-h.htm | 2480 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 3278-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 0 -> 20381 bytes |
2 files changed, 2480 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3278-h/3278-h.htm b/3278-h/3278-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5bba3f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3278-h/3278-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2480 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> +<title>Cambridge Pieces, by Samuel Butler</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} + P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } + .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4, H5 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + table { border-collapse: collapse; } +table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} + td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} + td p { margin: 0.2em; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: small; + text-align: right; + font-weight: normal; + color: gray; + } + img { border: none; } + img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } + p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; } + div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } + div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} + div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; + margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid; } + div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; + margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .5em; + text-decoration: none;} + span.red { color: red; } + body {background-color: #ffffc0; } + img.floatleft { float: left; + margin-right: 1em; + margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.floatright { float: right; + margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.clearcenter {display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em} + --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Cambridge Pieces, by Samuel Butler, Edited by +R. A. Streatfeild + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + + + + +Title: Cambridge Pieces + + +Author: Samuel Butler + +Editor: R. A. Streatfeild + +Release Date: July 25, 2019 [eBook #3278] +[This file was first posted on March 10, 2001] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMBRIDGE PIECES*** +</pre> +<p>Transcribed from the 1914 A. C. Fifield edition by David +Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/cover.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Public domain cover" +title= +"Public domain cover" + src="images/cover.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h1>CAMBRIDGE PIECES</h1> +<p style="text-align: center">By<br /> +<b>Samuel Butler</b><br /> +<span class="GutSmall">Author of “Erewhon,” +“The Way of All Flesh,” etc.</span></p> + +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">Edited by R. A. Streatfeild</p> + +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center"><b>London</b>: <b>A. C. +Fifield</b><br /> +1914</p> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span +class="GutSmall">PAGE</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>On English Composition and Other Matters</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Our Tour</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page211">211</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Translation from an Unpublished Work of Herodotus</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page234">234</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The shield of Achilles, with variations</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page237">237</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Prospectus of the Great Split Society</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page239">239</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Powers</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page244">244</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>A skit on examinations</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page251">251</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>An Eminent Person</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page255">255</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Napoleon at St. Helena</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page256">256</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Two Deans. I.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page258">258</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Two Deans. II.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page259">259</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Battle of Alma Mater</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page261">261</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>On the Italian Priesthood</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page265">265</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Samuel Butler and the Simeonites, by A. T. Bartholomew</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page266">266</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<h2><a name="page205"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 205</span>On +English Composition and Other Matters</h2> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>This essay is believed to be the first +composition by Samuel Butler that appeared in print</i>. +<i>It was published in the first number of the</i> <span +class="smcap">Eagle</span>, <i>a magazine written and edited by +members of St. John’s College</i>, <i>Cambridge</i>, <i>in +the Lent Term</i>, 1858, <i>when Butler was in his fourth and +last year of residence</i>.</p> +<p style="text-align: center" class="gutsumm">[From the +<i>Eagle</i>, Vol. 1, No. 1, Lent Term, 1858, p. 41.]</p> +<p>I sit down scarcely knowing how to grasp my own meaning, and +give it a tangible shape in words; and yet it is concerning this +very expression of our thoughts in words that I wish to +speak. As I muse things fall more into their proper places, +and, little fit for the task as my confession pronounces me to +be, I will try to make clear that which is in my mind.</p> +<p>I think, then, that the style of our authors of a couple of +hundred years ago was more terse and masculine than that of those +of the present day, possessing both more of the graphic element, +and more vigour, straightforwardness, and conciseness. Most +readers will have anticipated me in admitting that a man should +be clear of his meaning before he endeavours to give to it any +kind of utterance, and that having made up his mind what to say, +the less thought he takes how to say it, more than briefly, +pointedly, and plainly, the better; for instance, Bacon tells us, +“Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark”; +he does not say, what I can imagine a last century writer to have +said, “A feeling somewhat analogous to the dread with which +children are affected upon entering a dark room, is that which +most men entertain at the contemplation of death.” +Jeremy Taylor says, “Tell them it is as much intemperance +to weep too much as to laugh too much”; he does not say, +“All men will acknowledge that laughing admits of +intemperance, but some men may at first sight hesitate to allow +that a similar imputation may be at times attached to +weeping.”</p> +<p>I incline to believe that as irons support the rickety child, +whilst they impede the healthy one, so rules, for the most part, +are but useful to the weaker among us. Our greatest masters +in language, whether prose or verse, in painting, music, +architecture, or the like, have been those who preceded the rule +and whose excellence gave rise thereto; men who preceded, I +should rather say, not the rule, but the discovery of the rule, +men whose intuitive perception led them to the right +practice. We cannot imagine Homer to have studied rules, +and the infant genius of those giants of their art, Handel, +Mozart, and Beethoven, who composed at the ages of seven, five, +and ten, must certainly have been unfettered by them: to the less +brilliantly endowed, however, they have a use as being +compendious safeguards against error. Let me then lay down +as the best of all rules for writing, “forgetfulness of +self, and carefulness of the matter in hand.” No +simile is out of place that illustrates the subject; in fact a +simile as showing the symmetry of this world’s arrangement, +is always, if a fair one, interesting; every simile is amiss that +leads the mind from the contemplation of its object to the +contemplation of its author. This will apply equally to the +heaping up of unnecessary illustrations: it is as great a fault +to supply the reader with too many as with too few; having given +him at most two, it is better to let him read slowly and think +out the rest for himself than to surfeit him with an abundance of +explanation. Hood says well,</p> +<blockquote><p>And thus upon the public mind intrude it;<br /> +As if I thought, like Otaheitan cooks,<br /> +No food was fit to eat till I had chewed it.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A book that is worth reading will be worth reading +thoughtfully, and there are but few good books, save certain +novels, that it is well to read in an arm-chair. Most will +bear standing to. At the present time we seem to lack the +impassiveness and impartiality which was so marked among the +writings of our forefathers, we are seldom content with the +simple narration of fact, but must rush off into an almost +declamatory description of them; my meaning will be plain to all +who have studied Thucydides. The dignity of his simplicity +is, I think, marred by those who put in the accessories which +seem thought necessary in all present histories. How few +writers of the present day would not, instead of +<i>νὑξ γὰρ +ἐπεγένετο +τῷ ἓργῳ</i> rather write, +“Night fell upon this horrid scene of bloodshed.” <a +name="citation207"></a><a href="#footnote207" +class="citation">[207]</a> This is somewhat a matter of +taste, but I think I shall find some to agree with me in +preferring for plain narration (of course I exclude oratory) the +unadorned gravity of Thucydides. There are, indeed, some +writers of the present day who seem returning to the statement of +facts rather than their adornment, but these are not the most +generally admired. This simplicity, however, to be truly +effective must be unstudied; it will not do to write with +affected terseness, a charge which, I think, may be fairly +preferred against Tacitus; such a style if ever effective must be +so from excess of artifice and not from that artlessness of +simplicity which I should wish to see prevalent among us.</p> +<p>Neither again is it well to write and go over the ground again +with the pruning knife, though this fault is better than the +other; to take care of the matter, and let the words take care of +themselves, is the best safeguard.</p> +<p>To this I shall be answered, “Yes, but is not a diamond +cut and polished a more beautiful object than when +rough?” I grant it, and more valuable, inasmuch as it +has run chance of spoliation in the cutting, but I maintain that +the thinking man, the man whose thoughts are great and worth the +consideration of others, will “deal in proprieties,” +and will from the mine of his thoughts produce ready-cut +diamonds, or rather will cut them there spontaneously, ere ever +they see the light of day.</p> +<p>There are a few points still which it were well we should +consider. We are all too apt when we sit down to study a +subject to have already formed our opinion, and to weave all +matter to the warp of our preconceived judgment, to fall in with +the received idea, and, with biassed minds, unconsciously to +follow in the wake of public opinion, while professing to lead +it. To the best of my belief half the dogmatism of those we +daily meet is in consequence of the unwitting practices of this +self-deception. Simply let us not talk about what we do not +understand, save as learners, and we shall not by writing mislead +others.</p> +<p>There is no shame in being obliged to others for opinions, the +shame is not being honest enough to acknowledge it: I would have +no one omit to put down a useful thought because it was not his +own, provided it tended to the better expression of his matter, +and he did not conceal its source; let him, however, set out the +borrowed capital to interest. One word more and I have +done. With regard to our subject, the best rule is not to +write concerning that about which we cannot at our present age +know anything save by a process which is commonly called cram: on +all such matters there are abler writers than ourselves; the men, +in fact, from whom we cram. Never let us hunt after a +subject, unless we have something which we feel urged on to say, +it is better to say nothing; who are so ridiculous as those who +talk for the sake of talking, save only those who write for the +sake of writing? But there are subjects which all young men +think about. Who can take a walk in our streets and not +think? The most trivial incident has ramifications, to +whose guidance if we surrender our thoughts, we are oft-times led +upon a gold mine unawares, and no man whether old or young is +worse for reading the ingenuous and unaffected statement of a +young man’s thoughts. There are some things in which +experience blunts the mental vision, as well as others in which +it sharpens it. The former are best described by younger +men, our province is not to lead public opinion, is not in fact +to ape our seniors, and transport ourselves from our proper +sphere, it is rather to show ourselves as we are, to throw our +thoughts before the public as they rise, without requiring it to +imagine that we are right and others wrong, but hoping for the +forbearance which I must beg the reader to concede to myself, and +trusting to the genuineness and vigour of our design to attract +it may be more than a passing attention.</p> +<p>I am aware that I have digressed from the original purpose of +my essay, but I hope for pardon, if, believing the digression to +be of more value than the original matter, I have not checked my +pen, but let it run on even as my heart directed it.</p> +<p style="text-align: right"><span +class="smcap">Cellarius</span>.</p> +<h2><a name="page211"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 211</span>Our +Tour</h2> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>This essay was published in the</i> <span +class="smcap">Eagle</span>, <i>Vol.</i> 1, <i>No.</i> 5. <i>in +the Easter Term</i>, 1859. <i>It describes a holiday trip +made by Butler in June</i>, 1857, <i>in company with a friend +whose name</i>, <i>which was Joseph Green</i>, <i>Butler +Italianised as Giuseppe Verdi</i>. <i>I am permitted by +Professor Bonney to quote a few words from a private letter of +his referring to Butler’s tour</i>: “<i>It was +remarkable in the amount of ground covered and the small sum +spent</i>, <i>but still more in the direction taken in the first +part of the tour</i>. <i>Dauphine was then almost a</i> +<span class="GutSmall">TERRA INCOGNITA</span> <i>to English or +any other travellers</i>.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center" class="gutsumm">[From the +<i>Eagle</i>, Vol. 1, No. 5. Easter Term, 1859, p. +241.]</p> +<p><span class="smcap">As</span> the vacation is near, and many +may find themselves with three weeks’ time on their hand, +five-and-twenty pounds in their pockets, and the map of Europe +before them, perhaps the following sketch of what can be effected +with such money and in such time, may not come amiss to those, +who, like ourselves a couple of years ago, are in doubt how to +enjoy themselves most effectually after a term’s hard +reading.</p> +<p>To some, probably, the tour we decided upon may seem too +hurried, and the fatigue too great for too little profit; still +even to these it may happen that a portion of the following pages +may be useful. Indeed, the tour was scarcely conceived at +first in its full extent, originally we had intended devoting +ourselves entirely to the French architecture of Normandy and +Brittany. Then we grew ambitious, and stretched our +imaginations to Paris. Then the longing for a snowy +mountain waxed, and the love of French Gothic waned, and we +determined to explore the French Alps. Then we thought that +we must just step over them and take a peep into Italy, and so, +disdaining to return by the road we had already travelled, we +would cut off the north-west corner of Italy, and cross the Alps +again into Switzerland, where, of course, we must see the cream +of what was to be seen; and then thinking it possible that our +three weeks and our five-and-twenty pounds might be looking +foolish, we would return, via Strasburg to Paris, and so to +Cambridge. This plan we eventually carried into execution, +spending not a penny more money, nor an hour’s more time; +and, despite the declarations which met us on all sides that we +could never achieve anything like all we had intended, I hope to +be able to show how we did achieve it, and how anyone else may do +the like if he has a mind. A person with a good deal of +energy might do much more than this; we ourselves had at one time +entertained thoughts of going to Rome for two days, and thence to +Naples, walking over the Monte St. Angelo from Castellamare to +Amalfi (which for my own part I cherish with fond affection, as +being far the most lovely thing that I have ever seen), and then +returning as with a <i>Nunc Dimittis</i>, and I still think it +would have been very possible; but, on the whole, such a journey +would not have been so well, for the long tedious road between +Marseilles and Paris would have twice been traversed by us, to +say nothing of the sea journey between Marseilles and +Cività Vecchia. However, no more of what might have +been, let us proceed to what was.</p> +<p>If on Tuesday, June 9 [i.e. 1857], you leave London Bridge at +six o’clock in the morning, you will get (via Newhaven) to +Dieppe at fifteen minutes past three. If on landing you go +to the Hotel Victoria, you will find good accommodation and a +table d’hôte at five o’clock; you can then go +and admire the town, which will not be worth admiring, but which +will fill you with pleasure on account of the novelty and +freshness of everything you meet; whether it is the old +bonnet-less, short-petticoated women walking arm and arm with +their grandsons, whether the church with its quaint sculpture of +the Entombment of our Lord, and the sad votive candles ever +guttering in front of it, or whether the plain evidence that +meets one at every touch and turn, that one is among people who +live out of doors very much more than ourselves, or what +not—all will be charming, and if you are yourself in high +spirits and health, full of anticipation and well inclined to be +pleased with all you see, Dieppe will appear a very charming +place, and one which a year or two hence you will fancy that you +would like to revisit. But now we must leave it at +forty-five minutes past seven, and at twelve o’clock on +Tuesday night we shall find ourselves in Paris. We drive +off to the Hôtel de Normandie in the Rue St. Honoré, +290 (I think), stroll out and get a cup of coffee, and return to +bed at one o’clock.</p> +<p>The next day we spent in Paris, and of it no account need be +given, save perhaps the reader may be advised to ascend the Arc +de Triomphe, and not to waste his time in looking at +Napoleon’s hats and coats and shoes in the Louvre; to +eschew all the picture rooms save the one with the Murillos, and +the great gallery, and to dine at the Dîners de +Paris. If he asks leave to wash his hands before dining +there, he will observe a little astonishment among the waiters at +the barbarian cleanliness of the English, and be shown into a +little room, where a diminutive bowl will be proffered to him, of +which more anon; let him first (as we did) wash or rather +sprinkle his face as best he can, and then we will tell him after +dinner what we generally do with the bowls in question. I +forget how many things they gave us, but I am sure many more than +would be pleasant to read, nor do I remember any circumstance +connected with the dinner, save that on occasion of one of the +courses, the waiter perceiving a little perplexity on my part as +to how I should manage an artichoke served <i>à la +française</i>, feelingly removed my knife and fork from my +hand and cut it up himself into six mouthfuls, returning me the +whole with a sigh of gratitude for the escape of the artichoke +from a barbarous and unnatural end; and then after dinner they +brought us little tumblers of warm lavender scent and water to +wash our mouths out, and the little bowls to spit into; but +enough of eating, we must have some more coffee at a café +on the Boulevards, watch the carriages and the people and the +dresses and the sunshine and all the pomps and vanities which the +Boulevards have not yet renounced; return to the inn, fetch our +knapsacks, and be off to the Chemin de Fer de Lyon by forty-five +minutes past seven; our train leaves at five minutes past eight, +and we are booked to Grenoble. All night long the train +speeds towards the south. We leave Sens with its grey +cathedral solemnly towering in the moonlight a mile on the +left. (How few remember, that to the architect William of +Sens we owe Canterbury Cathedral.) Fontainebleau is on the +right, station after station wakes up our dozing senses, while +ever in our ears are ringing as through the dim light we gaze on +the surrounding country, “the pastures of Switzerland and +the poplar valleys of France.”</p> +<p>It is still dark—as dark, that is, as the midsummer +night will allow it to be, when we are aware that we have entered +on a tunnel; a long tunnel, very long—I fancy there must be +high hills above it; for I remember that some few years ago when +I was travelling up from Marseilles to Paris in midwinter, all +the way from Avignon (between which place and Châlon the +railway was not completed), there had been a dense frozen fog; on +neither hand could anything beyond the road be descried, while +every bush and tree was coated with a thick and steadily +increasing fringe of silver hoar-frost, for the night and day, +and half-day that it took us to reach this tunnel, all was the +same—bitter cold dense fog and ever silently increasing +hoar-frost: but on emerging from it, the whole scene was +completely changed; the air was clear, the sun shining brightly, +no hoar-frost and only a few patches of fast melting snow, +everything in fact betokening a thaw of some days’ +duration. Another thing I know about this tunnel which +makes me regard it with veneration as a boundary line in +countries, namely, that on every high ground after this tunnel on +clear days Mont Blanc may be seen. True, it is only very +rarely seen, but I have known those who have seen it; and +accordingly touch my companion on the side, and say, “We +are within sight of the Alps”; a few miles farther on and +we are at Dijon. It is still very early morning, I think +about three o’clock, but we feel as if we were already at +the Alps, and keep looking anxiously out for them, though we well +know that it is a moral impossibility that we should see them for +some hours at the least. Indian corn comes in after Dijon; +the oleanders begin to come out of their tubs; the peach trees, +apricots, and nectarines unnail themselves from the walls, and +stand alone in the open fields. The vineyards are still +scrubby, but the practised eye readily detects with each hour +some slight token that we are nearer the sun than we were, or, at +any rate, farther from the North Pole. We don’t stay +long at Dijon nor at Châlon, at Lyons we have an hour to +wait; breakfast off a basin of <i>café au lait</i> and a +huge hunch of bread, get a miserable wash, compared with which +the spittoons of the Dîners de Paris were luxurious, and +return in time to proceed to St. Rambert, whence the railroad +branches off to Grenoble. It is very beautiful between +Lyons and St. Rambert. The mulberry trees show the silkworm +to be a denizen of the country, while the fields are dazzlingly +brilliant with poppies and salvias; on the other side of the +Rhône rise high cloud-capped hills, but towards the Alps we +strain our eyes in vain.</p> +<p>At St. Rambert the railroad to Grenoble branches off at right +angles to the main line, it was then only complete as far as +Rives, now it is continued the whole way to Grenoble; by which +the reader will save some two or three hours, but miss a +beautiful ride from Rives to Grenoble by the road. The +valley bears the name of Grésivaudan. It is very +rich and luxuriant, the vineyards are more Italian, the fig trees +larger than we have yet seen them, patches of snow whiten the +higher hills, and we feel that we are at last indeed among the +outskirts of the Alps themselves. I am told that we should +have stayed at Voreppe, seen the Grande Chartreuse (for which see +Murray), and then gone on to Grenoble, but we were pressed for +time and could not do everything. At Grenoble we arrived +about two o’clock, washed comfortably at last and then +dined; during dinner a <i>calèche</i> was preparing to +drive us on to Bourg d’Oisans, a place some six or seven +and thirty miles farther on, and by thirty minutes past three we +find ourselves reclining easily within it, and digesting dinner +with the assistance of a little packet, for which we paid +one-and-fourpence at the well-known shop of Mr. Bacon, +Market-square, Cambridge. It is very charming. The +air is sweet, warm, and sunny, there has been bad weather for +some days here, but it is clearing up; the clouds are lifting +themselves hour by hour, we are evidently going to have a +pleasant spell of fine weather. The <i>calèche</i> +jolts a little, and the horse is decidedly shabby, both +<i>qua</i> horse and <i>qua</i> harness, but our moustaches are +growing, and our general appearance is in keeping. The wine +was very pleasant at Grenoble, and we have a pound of ripe +cherries between us; so, on the whole, we would not change with +his Royal Highness Prince Albert or all the Royal Family, and +jolt on through the long straight poplar avenue that colonnades +the road above the level swamp and beneath the hills, and turning +a sharp angle enter Vizille, a wretched place, only memorable +because from this point we begin definitely, though slowly, to +enter the hills and ascend by the side of the Romanche through +the valley, which that river either made or found—who knows +or cares? But we do know very well that we are driving up a +very exquisitely beautiful valley, that the Romanche takes longer +leaps from rock to rock than she did, that the hills have closed +in upon us, that we see more snow each time the valley opens, +that the villages get scantier, and that at last a great giant +iceberg walls up the way in front, and we feast our eyes on the +long-desired sight till after that the setting sun has tinged it +purple (a sure sign of a fine day), its ghastly pallor shows us +that the night is upon us. It is cold, and we are not sorry +at half-past nine to find ourselves at Bourg d’Oisans, +where there is a very fair inn kept by one Martin; we get a +comfortable supper of eggs and go to bed fairly tired.</p> +<p>This we must remind the reader is Thursday night, on Tuesday +morning we left London, spent one day in Paris, and are now +sleeping among the Alps, sharpish work, but very satisfactory, +and a prelude to better things by and by. The next day we +made rather a mistake, instead of going straight on to +Briançon we went up a valley towards Mont Pelvoux (a +mountain nearly 14,000 feet high), intending to cross a high pass +above La Bérarde down to Briançon, but when we got +to St. Christophe we were told the pass would not be open till +August, so returned and slept a second night at Bourg +d’Oisans. The valley, however, was all that could be +desired, mingled sun and shadow, tumbling river, rich wood, and +mountain pastures, precipices all around, and snow-clad summits +continually unfolding themselves; Murray is right in calling the +valley above Venosc a scene of savage sterility. At Venosc, +in the poorest of hostelries was a tuneless cracked old +instrument, half piano, half harpsichord—how it ever found +its way there we were at a loss to conceive—and an +irrelevant clock that struck seven times by fits and starts at +its own convenience during our one o’clock dinner; we +returned to Bourg d’Oisans at seven, and were in bed by +nine.</p> +<p>Saturday, June 13.</p> +<p>Having found that a conveyance to Briançon was beyond +our finances, and that they would not take us any distance at a +reasonable charge, we determined to walk the whole fifty miles in +the day, and half-way down the mountains, sauntering listlessly +accordingly left Bourg d’Oisans at a few minutes before +five in the morning. The clouds were floating over the +uplands, but they soon began to rise, and before seven +o’clock the sky was cloudless; along the road were passing +hundreds of people (though it was only five in the morning) in +detachments of from two to nine, with cattle, sheep, pigs, and +goats, picturesque enough but miserably lean and gaunt: we leave +them to proceed to the fair, and after a three miles’ level +walk through a straight poplar avenue, commence ascending far +above the Romanche; all day long we slowly ascend, stopping +occasionally to refresh ourselves with <i>vin ordinaire</i> and +water, but making steady way in the main, though heavily weighted +and under a broiling sun, at one we reach La Grave, which is +opposite the Mont de Lans, a most superb mountain. The +whole scene equal to anything in Switzerland, as far as the +mountains go. The Mont de Lans is opposite the windows, +seeming little more than a stone’s throw off, and causing +my companion (whose name I will, with his permission, Italianise +into that of the famous composer Giuseppe Verdi) to think it a +mere nothing to mount to the top of those sugared pinnacles which +he will not believe are many miles distant in reality. +After dinner we trudge on, the scenery constantly improving, the +snow drawing down to us, and the Romanche dwindling hourly; we +reach the top of the Col du Lautaret, which Murray must describe; +I can only say that it is first-class scenery. The flowers +are splendid, acres and acres of wild narcissus, the Alpine +cowslip, gentians, large purple and yellow anemones, soldanellas, +and the whole kith and kin of the high Alpine pasture flowers; +great banks of snow lie on each side of the road, and probably +will continue to do so till the middle of July, while all around +are glaciers and precipices innumerable.</p> +<p>We only got as far as Monêtier after all, for, reaching +that town at half-past eight, and finding that Briançon +was still eight miles further on, we preferred resting there at +the miserable but cheap and honest Hôtel de l’Europe; +had we gone on a little farther we should have found a much +better one, but we were tired with our forty-two miles’ +walk, and, after a hasty supper and a quiet pipe, over which we +watch the last twilight on the Alps above Briançon, we +turn in very tired but very much charmed.</p> +<p>Sunday morning was the clearest and freshest morning that ever +tourists could wish for, the grass crisply frozen (for we are +some three or four thousand feet above the sea), the glaciers +descending to a level but little higher than the road; a fine +range of Alps in front over Briançon, and the road winding +down past a new river (for we have long lost the Romanche) +towards the town, which is some six or seven miles distant.</p> +<p>It was a fête—the <i>Fête du bon Dieu</i>, +celebrated annually on this day throughout all this part of the +country; in all the villages there were little shrines erected, +adorned with strings of blue corncockle, narcissus heads, and +poppies, bunches of green, pink, and white calico, moss and +fir-tree branches, and in the midst of these tastefully arranged +bowers was an image of the Virgin and her Son, with whatever +other saints the place was possessed of.</p> +<p>At Briançon, which we reached (in a trap) at eight +o’clock, these demonstrations were more imposing, but less +pleasing; the soldiers, too, were being drilled and exercised, +and the whole scene was one of the greatest animation, such as +Frenchmen know how to exhibit on the morning of a gala day.</p> +<p>Leaving our trap at Briançon and making a hasty +breakfast at the Hôtel de la Paix, we walked up a very +lonely valley towards Cervières. I dare not say how +many hours we wended our way up the brawling torrent without +meeting a soul or seeing a human habitation; it was fearfully hot +too, and we longed for <i>vin ordinaire</i>; Cervières +seemed as though it never would come—still the same rugged +precipices, snow-clad heights, brawling torrent, and stony road, +butterflies beautiful and innumerable, flowers to match, sky +cloudless. At last we are there; through the town, or +rather village, the river rushes furiously, the dismantled houses +and gaping walls affording palpable traces of the fearful +inundations of the previous year, not a house near the river was +sound, many quite uninhabitable, and more such as I am sure few +of us would like to inhabit. However, it is +Cervières such as it is, and we hope for our <i>vin +ordinaire</i>; but, alas!—not a human being, man, woman or +child, is to be seen, the houses are all closed, the noonday +quiet holds the hill with a vengeance, unbroken, save by the +ceaseless roar of the river.</p> +<p>While we were pondering what this loneliness could mean, and +wherefore we were unable to make an entrance even into the little +<i>auberge</i> that professed to <i>loger à pied et +à cheval</i>, a kind of low wail or chaunt began to make +itself heard from the other side of the river; wild and strange, +yet full of a music of its own, it took my friend and myself so +much by surprise that we almost thought for the moment that we +had trespassed on to the forbidden ground of some fairy people +who lived alone here, high amid the sequestered valleys where +mortal steps were rare, but on going to the corner of the street +we were undeceived indeed, but most pleasurably surprised by the +pretty spectacle that presented itself.</p> +<p>For from the church opposite first were pouring forth a string +of young girls clad in their Sunday’s best, then followed +the youths, as in duty bound, then came a few monks or friars or +some such folk, carrying the Virgin, then the men of the place, +then the women and lesser children, all singing after their own +rough fashion; the effect was electrical, for in a few minutes +the procession reached us, and dispersing itself far and wide, +filled the town with as much life as it had before been +lonely. It was like a sudden introduction of the whole +company on to the theatre after the stage has been left empty for +a minute, and to us was doubly welcome as affording us some hope +of our wine.</p> +<p>“Vous êtes Piedmontais, monsieur,” said one +to me. I denied the accusation. “Alors vous +êtes Allemands.” I again denied and said we +were English, whereon they opened their eyes wide and said, +“Anglais,—mais c’est une autre chose,” +and seemed much pleased, for the alliance was then still in full +favour. It caused them a little disappointment that we were +Protestants, but they were pleased at being able to tell us that +there was a Protestant minister higher up the valley which we +said would “do us a great deal of pleasure.”</p> +<p>The <i>vin ordinaire</i> was execrable—they only, +however, charged us nine sous for it, and on our giving half a +franc and thinking ourselves exceedingly stingy for not giving a +whole one, they shouted out “Voilà les Anglais, +voilà la generosité des Anglais,” with +evident sincerity. I thought to myself that the less we +English corrupted the primitive simplicity of these good folks +the better; it was really refreshing to find several people +protesting about one’s generosity for having paid a +halfpenny more for a bottle of wine than was expected; at +Monêtier we asked whether many English came there, and they +told us yes, a great many, there had been fifteen there last +year, but I should imagine that scarcely fifteen could travel up +past Cervières, and yet the English character be so little +known as to be still evidently popular.</p> +<p>I don’t know what o’clock it was when we left +Cervières—midday I should imagine; we left the river +on our left and began to ascend a mountain pass called Izouard, +as far as I could make out, but will not pledge myself to have +caught the name correctly; it was more lonely than ever, very +high, much more snow on the top than on the previous day over the +Col du Lautaret, the path scarcely distinguishable, indeed quite +lost in many places, very beautiful but not so much so as the Col +du Lautaret, and better on descending towards Queyras than on +ascending; from the summit of the pass the view of the several +Alpine chains about is very fine, but from the entire absence of +trees of any kind it is more rugged and barren than I altogether +liked; going down towards Queyras we found the letters S.I.C. +marked on a rock, evidently with the spike of an +alpine-stock,—we wondered whether they stood for St. +John’s College.</p> +<p>We reached Queyras at about four very tired, for +yesterday’s work was heavy, and refresh ourselves with a +huge omelette and some good Provence wine.</p> +<p>Reader, don’t go into that <i>auberge</i>, carry up +provision from Briançon, or at any rate carry the means of +eating it: they have only two knives in the place, one for the +landlord and one for the landlady; these are clasp knives, and +they carry them in their pockets; I used the landlady’s, my +companion had the other; the room was very like a +cow-house—dark, wooden, and smelling strongly of manure; +outside I saw that one of the beams supporting a huge projecting +balcony that ran round the house was resting on a capital of +white marble—a Lombard capital that had evidently seen +better days, they could not tell us whence it came. Meat +they have none, so we gorge ourselves with omelette, and at +half-past five trudge on, for we have a long way to go yet, and +no alternative but to proceed.</p> +<p>Abriès is the name of the place we stopped at that +night; it was pitch-dark when we reached it, and the whole town +was gone to bed, but by great good luck we found a café +still open (the inn was shut up for the night), and there we +lodged. I dare not say how many miles we had walked, but we +were still plucky, and having prevailed at last on the landlord +to allow us clean sheets on our beds instead of the dirty ones he +and his wife had been sleeping on since Christmas, and making the +best of the solitary decanter and pie dish which was all the +washing implements we were allowed (not a toothmug even extra), +we had coffee and bread and brandy for supper, and retired at +about eleven to the soundest sleep in spite of our somewhat +humble accommodation. If nasty, at any rate it was cheap; +they charged us a franc a piece for our suppers, beds, and two +cigars; we went to the inn to breakfast, where, though the +accommodation was somewhat better, the charge was most +extortionate. Murray is quite right in saying the +travellers should bargain beforehand at this inn (<i>chez</i> +Richard); I think they charged us five francs for the most +ordinary breakfast. From this place we started at about +nine, and took a guide as far as the top of the Col de la Croix +Haute, having too nearly lost our way yesterday; the paths have +not been traversed much yet, and the mule and sheep droppings are +but scanty indicators of the direction of paths of which the +winds and rain have obliterated all other traces.</p> +<p>The Col de la Croix Haute is rightly named, it was very high, +but not so hard to ascend until we reached the snow. On the +Italian side it is terribly steep, from the French side, however, +the slope is more gradual. The snow was deeper at the top +of this pass than on either of the two previous days; in many +places we sank deep in, but had no real difficulty in crossing; +on the Italian side the snow was gone and the path soon became +clear enough, so we sent our guide to the right about and trudged +on alone.</p> +<p>A sad disappointment, however, awaited us, for instead of the +clear air that we had heretofore enjoyed, the clouds were rolling +up from the valley, and we entirely lost the magnificent view of +the plains of Lombardy which we ought to have seen; this was our +first mishap, and we bore it heroically. A lunch may be had +at Prali, and there the Italian tongue will be heard for the +first time.</p> +<p>We must have both looked very questionable personages, for I +remember that a man present asked me for a cigar; I gave him two, +and he proffered a <i>sou</i> in return as a matter of +course.</p> +<p>Shortly below Prali the clouds drew off, or rather we reached +a lower level, so that they were above us, and now the walnut and +the chestnut, the oak and the beech have driven away the pines of +the other side, not that there were many of them; soon, too, the +vineyards come in, the Indian corn again flourishes everywhere, +the cherries grow ripe as we descend, and in an hour or two we +felt to our great joy that we were fairly in Italy.</p> +<p>The descent is steep beyond compare, for La Tour, which we +reached by four o’clock, is quite on the plain, very much +on a level with Turin—I do not remember any descent between +the two—and the pass cannot be much under eight thousand +feet.</p> +<p>Passports are asked at Bobbio, but the very sight of the +English name was at that time sufficient to cause the passport to +be returned unscrutinised.</p> +<p>La Tour is a Protestant place, or at any rate chiefly so, +indeed all the way from Cervières we have been among +people half Protestant and half Romanist; these were the +Waldenses of the Middle Ages, they are handsome, particularly the +young women, and I should fancy an honest simple race enough, but +not over clean.</p> +<p>As a proof that we were in Italy we happened while waiting for +table d’hôte to be leaning over the balcony that ran +round the house and passed our bedroom door, when a man and a +girl came out with two large pails in their hands, and we watched +them proceed to a cart with a barrel in it, which was in a corner +of the yard; we had been wondering what was in the barrel and +were glad to see them commence tapping it, when lo! out spouted +the blood-red wine with which they actually half filled their +pails before they left the spot. This was as Italy should +be. After dinner, too, as we stroll in the showy Italian +sort of piazza near the inn, the florid music which fills the +whole square, accompanied by a female voice of some pretensions, +again thoroughly Italianises the scene, and when she struck up +our English national anthem (with such a bass accompaniment!) +nothing could be imagined more incongruous.</p> +<p>Sleeping at La Tour at the hotel kept by M. Gai (which is very +good, clean, and cheap), we left next morning, i.e. Tuesday, June +16, at four by diligence for Pinerolo, thence by rail to Turin +where we spent the day. It was wet and we saw no vestiges +of the Alps.</p> +<p>Turin is a very handsome city, very regularly built, the +streets running nearly all parallel to and at right angles with +each other; there are no suburbs, and the consequence is that at +the end of every street one sees the country; the Alps surround +the city like a horseshoe, and hence many of the streets seem +actually walled in with a snowy mountain. Nowhere are the +Alps seen to greater advantage than from Turin. I speak +from the experience, not of the journey I am describing, but of a +previous one. From the Superga the view is magnificent, but +from the hospital for soldiers just above the Po on the eastern +side of the city the view is very similar, and the city seen to +greater advantage. The Po is a fine river, but very muddy, +not like the Ticino which has the advantage of getting washed in +the Lago Maggiore. On the whole Turin is well worth +seeing. Leaving it, however, on Wednesday morning we +arrived at Arona about half-past eleven: the country between the +two places is flat, but rich and well cultivated: much rice is +grown, and in consequence the whole country easily capable of +being laid under water, a thing which I should imagine the +Piedmontese would not be slow to avail themselves of; we ought to +have had the Alps as a background to the view, but they were +still veiled. It was here that a countryman, seeing me with +one or two funny little pipes which I had bought in Turin, asked +me if I was a <i>fabricante di pipi</i>—a pipe-maker.</p> +<p>By the time that we were at Arona the sun had appeared, and +the clouds were gone; here, too, we determined to halt for half a +day, neither of us being quite the thing, so after a visit to the +colossal statue of San Carlo, which is very fine and imposing, we +laid ourselves down under the shade of some chestnut trees above +the lake, and enjoyed the extreme beauty of everything around us, +until we fell fast asleep, and yet even in sleep we seemed to +retain a consciousness of the unsurpassable beauty of the +scene. After dinner (we were stopping at the Hôtel de +la Poste, a very nice inn indeed) we took a boat and went across +the lake to Angera, a little town just opposite; it was in the +Austrian territory, but they made no delay about admitting us; +the reason of our excursion was, that we might go and explore the +old castle there, which is seated on an inconsiderable eminence +above the lake. It affords an excellent example of Italian +domestic Gothic of the Middle Ages; San Carlo was born and +resided here, and, indeed, if saintliness were to depend upon +beauty of natural scenery, no wonder at his having been a +saint.</p> +<p>The castle is only tenanted by an old man who keeps the place; +we found him cooking his supper over a small crackling fire of +sticks, which he had lighted in the main hall; his feeble old +voice chirps about San Carlo this and San Carlo that as we go +from room to room. We have no carpets here—plain +honest brick floors—the chairs, indeed, have once been +covered with velvet, but they are now so worn that one can +scarcely detect that they have been so, the tables warped and +worm-eaten, the few, that is, that remained there, the shutters +cracked and dry with the sun and summer of so many hundred +years—no Renaissance work here, yet for all that there was +something about it which made it to me the only really +pleasurable nobleman’s mansion that I have ever been over; +the view from the top is superb, and then the row home to Arona, +the twinkling lights softly gleaming in the lake, the bells +jangling from the tall and gaudy campaniles, the stillness of the +summer night—so warm and yet so refreshing on the water; +hush, there are some people singing—how sweetly their +voices are borne to us upon the slight breath of wind that alone +is stirring; oh, it is a cruel thing to think of war in +connection with such a spot as this, and yet from this very +Angera to this very Arona it is that the Austrians have been +crossing to commence their attack on Sardinia. I fear these +next summer nights will not be broken with the voice of much +singing and that we shall have to hush for the roaring of +cannon.</p> +<p>I never knew before how melodiously frogs can +croak—there is a sweet guttural about some of these that I +never heard in England: before going to bed, I remember +particularly one amorous batrachian courting <i>malgrè sa +maman</i> regaled us with a lusciously deep rich croak, that +served as a good accompaniment for the shrill whizzing sound of +the cigales.</p> +<p>My space is getting short, but fortunately we are getting on +to ground better known; I will therefore content myself with +sketching out the remainder of our tour and leaving the reader to +Murray for descriptions.</p> +<p>We left Arona with regret on Thursday morning (June 18), took +steamer to the Isola Bella, which is an example of how far human +extravagance and folly can spoil a rock, which had it been left +alone would have been very beautiful, and thence by a little boat +went to Baveno; thence we took diligence for Domo d’Ossola; +the weather clouded towards evening and big raindrops beginning +to descend we thought it better to proceed at once by the same +diligence over the Simplon; we did not care to walk the pass in +wet, therefore leaving Domo d’Ossola at ten o’clock +that night we arrived at Iselle about two; the weather clearing +we saw the gorge of Gondo and walked a good way up the pass in +the early morning by the diligence; breakfasted at Simplon at +four o’clock in the morning, and without waiting a moment +as soon as we got out at Brieg set off for Visp, which we reached +at twelve on foot; we washed and dressed there, dined and +advanced to Leuk, and thence up the most exquisitely beautiful +road to Leukerbad, which we reached at about eight o’clock +after a very fatiguing day. The Hôtel de la France is +clean and cheap. Next morning we left at half-past five +and, crossing the Gemini, got to Frutigen at half-past one, took +an open trap after dinner and drove to Interlaken, which we +reached on the Saturday night at eight o’clock, the weather +first rate; Sunday we rested at Interlaken; on Monday we assailed +the Wengern Alp, but the weather being pouring wet we halted on +the top and spent the night there, being rewarded by the most +transcendent evening view of the Jungfrau, Eiger, and Mönch +in the clear cold air seen through a thin veil of +semi-transparent cloud that was continually scudding across +them.</p> +<p>Next morning early we descended to Grindelwald, thence past +the upper glacier under the Wetterhorn over the Scheidegg to +Rosenlaui, where we dined and saw the glacier, after dinner, +descending the valley we visited the falls of Reichenbach (which +the reader need not do if he means to see those of the Aar at +Handegg), and leaving Meyringen on our left we recommenced an +ascent of the valley of the Aar, sleeping at Guttannen, about ten +miles farther on.</p> +<p>Next day, i.e. Wednesday, June 24, leaving Guttannen very +early, passing the falls of Handegg, which are first rate, we +reached the hospice at nine; had some wine there, and crawled on +through the snow and up the rocks to the summit of the +pass—here we met an old lady, in a blue ugly, with a pair +of green spectacles, carried in a <i>chaise à porteur</i>; +she had taken it into her head in her old age that she would like +to see a little of the world, and here she was. We had seen +her lady’s maid at the hospice, concerning whom we were +told that she was “bien sage,” and did not scream at +the precipices. On the top of the Gemini, too, at half-past +seven in the morning, we had met a somewhat similar lady walking +alone with a blue parasol over the snow; about half an hour after +we met some porters carrying her luggage, and found that she was +an invalid lady of Berne, who was walking over to the baths at +Leukerbad for the benefit of her health—we scarcely thought +there could be much occasion—leaving these two good ladies +then, let us descend the Grimsel to the bottom of the glacier of +the Rhône, and then ascend the Furka—a stiff pull; we +got there by two o’clock, dined (Italian is spoken here +again), and finally reached Hospenthal at half-past five after a +very long day.</p> +<p>On Thursday walking down to Amstegg and taking a trap to +Flüelen, we then embarked on board a steamer and had a most +enjoyable ride to Lucerne, where we slept; Friday to Basle by +rail, walking over the Hauenstein, <a name="citation233a"></a><a +href="#footnote233a" class="citation">[233a]</a> and getting a +magnificent panorama (alas! a final one) of the Alps, and from +Basle to Strasburg, where we ascended the cathedral as far as +they would let us without special permission from a power they +called Mary, and then by the night train to Paris, where we +arrived Saturday morning at ten.</p> +<p>Left Paris on Sunday afternoon, slept at Dieppe; left Dieppe +Monday morning, got to London at three o’clock or +thereabouts, and might have reached Cambridge that night had we +been so disposed; next day came safely home to dear old St. +John’s, cash in hand 7<i>d.</i></p> +<p>From my window <a name="citation233b"></a><a +href="#footnote233b" class="citation">[233b]</a> in the cool of +the summer twilight I look on the umbrageous chestnuts that droop +into the river; Trinity library rears its stately proportions on +the left; opposite is the bridge; over that, on the right, the +thick dark foliage is blackening almost into sombreness as the +night draws on. Immediately beneath are the arched +cloisters resounding with the solitary footfall of meditative +students, and suggesting grateful retirement. I say to +myself then, as I sit in my open window, that for a continuance I +would rather have this than any scene I have visited during the +whole of our most enjoyed tour, and fetch down a Thucydides, for +I must go to Shilleto at nine o’clock to-morrow.</p> +<h2><a name="page234"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +234</span>Translation from an Unpublished Work of Herodotus</h2> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>This piece and the ten that follow it date +from Butler’s undergraduate days</i>. <i>They were +preserved by the late Canon Joseph McCormick</i>, <i>who was +Butler’s contemporary at Cambridge and knew him +well</i>.</p> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>In a letter to</i> <span class="smcap">The +Times</span>, <i>published</i> 27 <i>June</i>, 1902, <i>shortly +after Butler’s death</i>, <i>Canon McCormick gave some +interesting details of Butler’s Cambridge days</i>. +“<i>I have in my possession</i>,” <i>he wrote</i>, +“<i>some of the skits with which he amused himself and some +of his personal friends</i>. <i>Perhaps the skit professed +to be a translation from Thucydides</i>, <i>inimitable in its +way</i>, <i>applied to Johnians in their successes or defeats on +the river</i>, <i>or it was the</i> ‘<i>Prospectus of the +Great Split Society</i>,’ <i>attacking those who wished to +form narrow or domineering parties in the College</i>, <i>or it +was a very striking poem on Napoleon in St. Helena</i>, <i>or it +was a play dealing with a visit to the Paris Exhibition</i>, +<i>which he sent to</i> <span class="smcap">Punch</span>, <i>and +which</i>, <i>strange to say</i>, <i>the editor never +inserted</i>, <i>or it was an examination paper set to a gyp of a +most amusing and clever character</i>.” <i>One at +least of the pieces mentioned by Canon McCormick has +unfortunately disappeared</i>. <i>Those that have survived +are here published for what they are worth</i>. <i>There is +no necessity to apologise for their faults and deficiencies</i>, +<i>which do not</i>, <i>I think</i>, <i>obscure their value as +documents illustrating the development of that gift of irony +which Butler was afterwards to wield with such brilliant +mastery</i>. ‘<i>Napoleon at St. Helena</i>’ +<i>and</i> ‘<i>The Shield of Achilles</i>’ <i>have +already appeared in</i> <span class="smcap">The Eagle</span>, +<i>December</i>, 1902; <i>the</i> “<i>Translation from +Herodotus</i>,” “<i>The Shield of +Achilles</i>,” “<i>The Two Deans II</i>,” +<i>and</i> “<i>On the Italian Priesthood</i>,” +<i>in</i> <span class="smcap">The Note-Books of Samuel +Butler</span>; <i>the</i> “<i>Prospectus of the Great Split +Society</i>” <i>and</i> “<i>A Skit on +Examinations</i>” <i>in</i> <span class="smcap">The +Eagle</span>, <i>June</i>, 1913.</p> +<p><span class="smcap">And</span> the Johnians practise their tub +in the following manner: They select eight of the most +serviceable freshmen and put these into a boat, and to each one +of them they give an oar; and having told them to look at the +backs of the men before them they make them bend forward as far +as they can and at the same moment, and having put the end of the +oar into the water pull it back again in to them about the bottom +of the ribs; and if any of them does not do this or looks about +him away from the back of the man before him they curse him in +the most terrible manner, but if he does what he is bidden they +immediately cry out:</p> +<p>“Well pulled, number so-and-so.”</p> +<p>For they do not call them by their names but by certain +numbers, each man of them having a number allotted to him in +accordance with his place in the boat, and the first man they +call stroke, but the last man bow; and when they have done this +for about fifty miles they come home again, and the rate they +travel at is about twenty-five miles an hour; and let no one +think that this is too great a rate, for I could say many other +wonderful things in addition concerning the rowing of the +Johnians, but if a man wishes to know these things he must go and +examine them himself. But when they have done they contrive +some such a device as this, for they make them run many miles +along the side of the river in order that they may accustom them +to great fatigue, and many of them being distressed in this way +fall down and die, but those who survive become very strong, and +receive gifts of cups from the others; and after the revolution +of a year they have great races with their boats against those of +the surrounding islanders, but the Johnians, both owing to the +carefulness of the training and a natural disposition for rowing, +are always victorious. In this way then the Johnians, I +say, practise their tub.</p> +<h2><a name="page237"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 237</span>The +Shield of Achilles, with Variations</h2> +<p><span class="smcap">And</span> in it he placed the Fitzwilliam +and King’s College Chapel and the lofty towered church of +the Great Saint Mary, which looketh toward the Senate House, and +King’s Parade and Trumpington Road and the Pitt Press and +the divine opening of the Market Square and the beautiful flowing +fountain which formerly Hobson laboured to make with skilful art; +him did his father beget in the many-public-housed Trumpington +from a slavey mother, and taught him blameless works; and he, on +the other hand, sprang up like a young shoot, and many +beautifully matched horses did he nourish in his stable, which +used to convey his rich possessions to London and the various +cities of the world; but oftentimes did he let them out to others +and whensoever anyone was desirous of hiring one of the +long-tailed horses, he took them in order so that the labour was +equal to all, wherefore do men now speak of the choice of the +renowned Hobson. And in it he placed the close of the +divine Parker, and many beautiful undergraduates were delighting +their tender minds upon it playing cricket with one another; and +a match was being played and two umpires were quarrelling with +one another; the one saying that the batsman who was playing was +out, and the other declaring with all his might that he was not; +and while they two were contending, reviling one another with +abusive language, a ball came and hit one of them on the nose, +and the blood flowed out in a stream, and darkness was covering +his eyes, but the rest were crying out on all sides:</p> +<p>“Shy it up.”</p> +<p>And he could not; him then was his companion addressing with +scornful words:</p> +<p>“Arnold, why dost thou strive with me since I am much +wiser? Did I not see his leg before the wicket and rightly +declare him to be out? Thee then has Zeus now punished +according to thy deserts, and I will seek some other umpire of +the game equally-participated-in-by-both-sides.”</p> +<p>And in it he placed the Cam, and many boats equally rowed on +both sides were going up and down on the bosom of the +deep-rolling river, and the coxswains were cheering on the men, +for they were going to enter the contest of the scratchean fours; +and three men were rowing together in a boat, strong and stout +and determined in their hearts that they would either first break +a blood-vessel or earn for themselves the +electroplated-Birmingham-manufactured magnificence of a pewter to +stand on their hall tables in memorial of their strength, and +from time to time drink from it the exhilarating streams of beer +whensoever their dear heart should compel them; but the fourth +was weak and unequally matched with the others, and the coxswain +was encouraging him and called him by name and spake cheering +words:</p> +<p>“Smith, when thou hast begun the contest, be not +flurried nor strive too hard against thy fate; look at the back +of the man before thee and row with as much strength as the Fates +spun out for thee on the day when thou fellest between the knees +of thy mother, neither lose thine oar, but hold it tight with thy +hands.”</p> +<h2><a name="page239"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +239</span>Prospectus of the Great Split Society</h2> +<p><span class="smcap">It</span> is the object of this society to +promote parties and splits in general, and since of late we have +perceived disunion among friends to be not nearly so ripe as in +the Bible it is plainly commanded to be, we the members of this +club have investigated the means of producing, fostering, and +invigorating strife of all kinds, whereby the society of man will +be profited much. For in a few hours we can by the means we +have discovered create so beautiful a dissension between two who +have lately been friends, that they shall never speak of one +another again, and their spirit is to be greatly admired and +praised for this. And since it is the great goddess +Talebearer who has contributed especially to our success, +inasmuch as where she is not strife will cease as surely as the +fire goeth out when there is no wood to feed it, we will erect an +altar to her and perform monthly rites at her shrine in a manner +hereafter to be detailed. And all men shall do homage to +her, for who is there that hath not felt her benefits? And +the rites shall be of a cheerful character, and all the world +shall be right merry, and we will write her a hymn and Walmisley +<a name="citation239"></a><a href="#footnote239" +class="citation">[239]</a> shall set it to music. And any +shall be eligible to this society by only changing his name; for +this is one of its happiest hits, to give a name to each of its +members arising from some mental peculiarity (which the gods and +peacemakers call “foible”), whereby each being +perpetually kept in mind of this defect and being always willing +to justify it shall raise a clamour and cause much delight to the +assembly.</p> +<p>And we will have suppers once a month both to do honour unto +Talebearer and to promote her interest. And the society has +laid down a form of conversation to be used at all such meetings, +which shall engender quarrellings even in the most unfavourable +dispositions, and inflame the anger of one and all; and having +raised it shall set it going and start it on so firm a basis as +that it may be left safely to work its own way, for there shall +be no fear of its dying out.</p> +<p>And the great key to this admirable treasure-house is Self, +who hath two beautiful children, Self-Love and Self-Pride . . . +We have also aided our project much by the following contrivance, +namely, that ten of the society, the same who have the longest +tongues and ears, shall make a quorum to manage all affairs +connected with it; and it is difficult to comprehend the amount +of quarrelling that shall go on at these meetings.</p> +<p>And the monthly suppers shall be ordered in this way: Each man +must take at least two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, which shall +make the wit sharp, or in default thereof one teaspoonful of +pepper and mustard; for the rest we leave the diet to the +management of our stewards and bursars, but after the cloth has +been removed the president shall single out some one of the +company, and in a calm and friendly manner acquaint him with his +faults and advise him in what way he may best amend the +same. The member selected is compelled by the rules to +remain silent for the space of three minutes, and is then to +retort and bring up six instances. He is to call the +present members to witness, and all are to take one side or the +other, so that none be neutral, and the mêlée will +doubtless become general, and we expect that much beautiful +latent abusive talent will be developed in this way. But +let all this be done with an air of great politeness, sincerity, +and goodwill, at least at the commencement, for this, when +evidently fictitious, is a two-edged sword of irritation.</p> +<p>And if any grow weak in spirit and retreat from this society, +and afterwards repent and wish again to join, he shall be +permitted to do so on condition of repeating the words, +“Oh, ah!” “Lor!” “Such is +life,” “That’s cheerful,” +“He’s a lively man, is Mr. So-and-so” ten times +over. For these are refreshing and beautiful words and mean +much (!), they are the emblems of such talent.</p> +<p>And any members are at liberty to have small meetings among +themselves, especially to tea, whereat they may enjoy the ever +fresh and pleasant luxury of scandal and mischief-making, and +prepare their accusations and taunts for the next general +meeting; and this is not only permitted but enjoined and +recommended strongly to all the members.</p> +<p>And sentences shall be written for the training of any young +hand who wishes to become one of us, since none can hope to +arrive at once at the pitch of perfection to which the society +has brought the art. And if that any should be heard of his +own free will and invention uttering one or more of these +sentences and by these means indicate much talent in the required +direction, he shall be waited on by a committee of the club and +induced, if possible, to join us, for he will be an acquisition; +and the sentences required are such as: “I think so-and-so +a very jolly fellow, indeed I don’t know a man in the +college I like better than so-and-so, but I don’t care +twopence about him, at least it is all the same to me whether he +cuts me or not.”</p> +<p>The beauty of this sentence is not at first appreciable, for +though self-deceit and self-satisfaction are both very powerfully +demonstrated in it, and though these are some of the +society’s most vehement supporters, yet it is the good +goddess Talebearer who nourisheth the seed of mischief thus +sown.</p> +<p>It is also strictly forbidden by this society’s laws to +form a firm friendship grounded upon esteem and a perception of +great and good qualities in the object of one’s liking, for +this kind of friendship lasts a long time—nay, for life; +but each member must have a furious and passionate running after +his friend for the time being, insomuch that he could never part +for an instant from him. And when the society sees this it +feels comfortable, for it is quite certain that its objects are +being promoted, for this cannot be brought about by any but +unnatural means and is the foundation and very soul of +quarrelling. The stroking of the hair and affectionate +embracings are much recommended, for they are so manly.</p> +<p>And at the suppers and the rites of Talebearer each member is +to drop an anonymous opinion of some other member’s +character into a common letter box, and the president shall read +them out. Each member is to defend himself; the formula for +the commencement of each speech being: “I know who wrote +that about me, and it is a very blackguardly thing of him to say +. . . ”</p> +<p>N.B.—Any number of persons are allowed to speak at the +same time. By these means it is hoped to restore strife and +dissension to the world, now alas! so fatally subjugated to a +mean-spirited thing called Charity, which during the last month +has been perfectly rampant in the college. Yes, we will +give a helping hand to bickerings, petty jealousies, +back-bitings, and all sorts of good things, and will be as jolly +as ninepence and—who’ll be the first president?</p> +<h2><a name="page244"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +244</span>Powers</h2> +<p><span class="smcap">But</span>, my son, think not that it is +necessary for thee to be excellent if thou wouldst be +powerful. Observe how the lighter substance in nature +riseth by its own levity and overtoppeth that which is the more +grave. Even so, my son, mayest thou be light and worthless, +and yet make a goodly show above those who are of a more +intrinsic value than thyself. But as much circumspection +will be necessary for thee to attain this glorious end, and as by +reason of thy youth thou art liable to miss many of the most able +and effective means of becoming possessed of it, hear the words +of an old man and treasure them in thy heart. The required +qualities, my son, are easily procured; many are naturally gifted +with them. In order, however, that thou mayest keep them in +set form in thy mind commit to memory the following list of +requisites: Love of self, love of show, love of sound, reserve, +openness, distrust.</p> +<p>The love of self, which shall chiefly manifest itself in the +obtaining the best of all things for thyself to the exclusion of +another, be he who he may; and as meal-times are the fittest +occasion for the exercise of this necessary quality, I will even +illustrate my meaning that thou mayest the more plainly +comprehend me. Suppose that many are congregated to a +breakfast and there is a dish of kidneys on the table, but not so +many but what the greater number must go without them, cry out +with a loud voice, immediately that thou hast perceived them: +“Kidneys! Oh, ah! I say, G., old fellow, give +us some kidneys.” Then will the master of the house +be pleased that he hath provided something to thy liking, and as +others from false shame will fear to do the like thou wilt both +obtain that thy soul desireth, and be looked upon by thy fellows +as a bold fellow and one who knoweth how to make his way in the +world, and G. will say immediately: “Waiter, take this to +Mr. Potguts,” and he taketh them, and so on, my son, with +all other meats that are on the table, see thou refrain not from +one of them, for a large appetite well becometh a power, or if +not a large one then a dainty one. But if thine appetite be +small and dainty see thou express contempt for a large eater as +one inferior to thyself. Or again, my son, if thou art not +at a banquet but enterest any room where there are many met +together, see thou take the arm-chair or the best seat or couch, +or what other place of comfort is in the room; and if there be +another power in the room as well as thyself see thou fight with +him for it, and if thou canst by any craft get rid of him an he +be more thickly set than thyself, see that thou do this openly +and with a noise, that all men may behold and admire thee, for +they will fear thee and yield and not venture to reprove thee +openly; and so long as they dare not, all will be well. +Nevertheless I would have thee keep within certain bounds, lest +men turn upon thee if thy rule is too oppressive to be +borne. And under this head I would class also the care and +tending of the sick; for in the first place the sick have many +delicacies which those who are sound have not, so that if thou +lay the matter well, thou mayest obtain the lion’s share of +these things also. But more particularly the minds of men +being weak and easily overpowered when they are in sickness, thou +shalt obtain much hold over them, and when they are well (whether +thou didst really comfort them or not) they will fear to say +aught against thee, lest men shall accuse them of +ingratitude. But above all see thou do this openly and in +the sight of men, who thinking in consequence that thy heart is +very soft and amiable notwithstanding a few outward defects, will +not fail to commend thee and submit to thee the more readily, and +so on all counts thou art the gainer, and it will serve thee as +an excuse with the authorities for the neglect or breach of +duty. But all this is the work of an exceedingly refined +and clever power and not absolutely necessary, but I have named +it as a means of making thy yoke really the lighter but +nevertheless the more firmly settled upon the neck of thy +fellows. So much then for the love of self.</p> +<p>As for the love of show this is to display itself in thy +dress, in the trimming or in the growth of thy whiskers, in thy +walk and carriage, in the company thou keepest, seeing that thou +go with none but powers or men of wealth or men of title, and +caring not so much for men of parts, since these commonly deal +less in the exterior and are not fit associates, for thou canst +have nothing in common with them. When thou goest to thy +dinner let a time elapse, so that thine entry may cause a noise +and a disturbance, and when after much bustling thou hast taken +thy seat, say not: “Waiter, will you order me green peas +and a glass of college,” but say: “Waiter (and then a +pause), peas,” and then suffer him to depart, and when he +hath gone some little way recall him with a loud voice, which +shall reach even unto the ears of the fellows, say, “and, +waiter, college”; and when they are brought unto thee +complain bitterly of the same. When thou goest to chapel +talk much during the service, or pray much; do not the thing by +halves; thou must either be the very religious power, which kind +though the less remarked yet on the whole hath the greater +advantage, or the thoughtless power, but above all see thou +combine not the two, at least not in the same company, but let +thy religion be the same to the same men. Always, if thou +be a careless power, come in late to chapel and hurriedly; sit +with the other powers and converse with them on the behaviour of +others or any other light and agreeable topic. And, as I +said above, under this love of show thou must include the choice +of thine acquaintance, and as it is not possible for thee to +order it so as not to have knowledge of certain men whom it will +not be convenient for thee to know at all times and in all +places, see thou cultivate those two excellent defects of both +sight and hearing which will enable thee to pass one thou wouldst +not meet, without seeing him or hearing his salutation. If +thou hast a cousin or schoolfellow who is somewhat rustic or +uncouth in his manner but nevertheless hath an excellent heart, +know him in private in thine individual capacity, but when thou +art abroad or in the company of other powers shun him as if he +were a venomous thing and deadly. Again, if thou sittest at +table with a man at the house of a friend and laughest and +talkest with him and playest pleasant, if he be not perfect in +respect of externals see thou pass him the next day without a +smile, even though he may have prepared his countenance for a +thousand grins; but if in the house of the same friend or another +thou shouldst happen to stumble upon him, deal with him as though +thy previous conversation had broken off but five minutes +previously; but should he be proud and have all nothing to say +unto thee, forthwith calumniate him to thine acquaintance as a +sorry-spirited fellow and mean.</p> +<p>And with regard to smoking, though that, too, is advantageous, +it is not necessary so much for the power as for the fast man, +for the power is a more calculating and thoughtful being than +this one; but if thou smokest, see that others know it; smoke +cigars if thou canst afford them; if not, say thou wonderest at +such as do, for to thy liking a pipe is better. And with +regard to all men except thine own favoured and pre-eminent +clique, designate them as “cheerful,” +“lively,” or use some other ironical term with regard +to them. So much then for the love of show.</p> +<p>And of the love of sound I would have thee observe that it is +but a portion of the love of show, but so necessary for him who +would be admired without being at the same time excellent and +worthy of admiration as to deserve a separate heading to +itself. At meal-times talk loudly, laugh loudly, condemn +loudly; if thou sneezest sneeze loudly; if thou call the waiter +do so with a noise and, if thou canst, while he is speaking to +another and receiving orders from him; it will be a convenient +test of thine advance to see whether he will at once quit the +other in the midst of his speech with him and come to thee, or +will wait until the other hath done; if thou handle it well he +will come to thee at once. When others are in their rooms, +as thou passeth underneath their windows, sing loudly and all men +will know that a power goeth by and will hush accordingly; if +thou hast a good voice it will profit thee much, if a bad one, +care not so long as it be a loud one; but above all be it +remembered that it is to be loud at all times and not low when +with powers greater than thyself, for this damneth +much—even powers being susceptible of awe, when they shall +behold one resolutely bent to out-top them, and thinking it +advisable to lend such an one a helping hand lest he overthrow +them—but if thy voice be not a loud one, thou hadst better +give up at once the hope of rising to a height by thine own +skill, but must cling to and flatter those who have, and if thou +dost this well thou wilt succeed.</p> +<p>And of personal strength and prowess in bodily accomplishment, +though of great help in the origin, yet are they not necessary; +but the more thou lackest physical and mental powers the more +must thou cling to the powerful and rise with them; the more +careful must thou be of thy dress, and the more money will it +cost thee, for thou must fill well the bladders that keep thee on +the surface, else wilt thou sink.</p> +<p>And of reserve, let no man know anything about thee. If +thy father is a greengrocer, as I dare say is the case with some +of the most mighty powers in the land, what matter so long as +another knoweth it not? See that thou quell all inquisitive +attempts to discover anything about thine habits, thy country, +thy parentage, and, in a word, let no one know anything of thee +beyond the exterior; for if thou dost let them within thy soul, +they will find but little, but if it be barred and locked, men +will think that by reason of thy strong keeping of the same, it +must contain much; and they will admire thee upon credit.</p> +<p>And of openness, be reserved in the particular, open in the +general; talk of debts, of women, of money, but say not what +debts, what women, or what money; be most open when thou doest a +shabby thing, which thou knowest will not escape detection. +If thy coat is bad, laugh and boast concerning it, call attention +to it and say thou hast had it for ten years, which will be a +lie, but men will nevertheless think thee frank, but run not the +risk of wearing a bad coat, save only in vacation time or in the +country. But when thou doest a shabby thing which will not +reach the general light, breathe not a word of it, but bury it +deeply in some corner of thine own knowledge only; if it come +out, glory in it; if not, let it sleep, for it is an unprofitable +thing to turn over bad ground.</p> +<p>And of distrust, distrust all men, most of all thine own +friends; they will know thee best, and thou them; thy real worth +cannot escape them, think not then that thou wilt get service out +of them in thy need, think not that they will deny themselves +that thou mayest be saved from want, that they will in after life +put out a finger to save thee, when thou canst be of no more use +to them, the clique having been broken up by time. Nay, but +be in thyself sufficient; distrust, and lean not so much as an +ounce-weight upon another.</p> +<p>These things keep and thou shalt do well; keep them all and +thou wilt be perfect; the more thou keep, the more nearly wilt +thou arrive at the end I proposed to thee at the commencement, +and even if thou doest but one of these things thoroughly, trust +me thou wilt still have much power over thy fellows.</p> +<h2><a name="page251"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 251</span>A +Skit on Examinations</h2> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>It should be explained that Tom Bridges was +a gyp at St. John’s College</i>, <i>during Butler’s +residence at Cambridge</i>.</p> +<p><span class="smcap">We</span> now come to the most eventful +period in Mr. Bridges’ life: we mean the time when he was +elected to the shoe-black scholarship, compared with which all +his previous honours sank into insignificance.</p> +<p>Mr. Bridges had long been desirous of becoming a candidate for +this distinction, but, until the death of Mr. Leader, no vacancy +having occurred among the scholars, he had as yet had no +opportunity of going in for it. The income to be derived +from it was not inconsiderable, and as it led to the porter +fellowship the mere pecuniary value was not to be despised, but +thirst of fame and the desire of a more public position were the +chief inducements to a man of Mr. Bridges’ temperament, in +which ambition and patriotism formed so prominent a part. +Latin, however, was not Mr. Bridges’ forte; he excelled +rather in the higher branches of arithmetic and the abstruse +sciences. His attainments, however, in the dead languages +were beyond those of most of his contemporaries, as the letter he +sent to the Master and Seniors will abundantly prove. It +was chiefly owing to the great reverence for genius shown by Dr. +Tatham that these letters have been preserved to us, as that +excellent man, considering that no circumstance connected with +Mr. Bridges’ celebrity could be justly consigned to +oblivion, rescued these valuable relics from the Bedmaker, as she +was on the point of using them to light the fire. By him +they were presented to the author of this memoir, who now for the +first time lays them before the public. The first was to +the Master himself, and ran as follows:—</p> +<blockquote><p>Reverende Sir,</p> +<p>Possum bene blackere shoas, et locus shoe-blackissis vacuus +est. Makee me shoeblackum si hoc tibi placeat, precor te, +quia desidero hoc locum.</p> +<p style="text-align: right">Your very humble servant,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Thomasus Bridgessus</span>.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We subjoin Mr. Bridges’ autograph. The reader will +be astonished to perceive its resemblance to that of Napoleon I, +with whom he was very intimate, and with anecdotes of whom he +used very frequently to amuse his masters. We add that of +Napoleon.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Thomas +Bridges</span></p> +<p style="text-align: center"><span +class="smcap">Napoleon</span></p> +<p>The second letter was to the Senior Bursar, who had often +before proved himself a friend to Mr. Bridges, and did not fail +him in this instance.</p> +<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Bursare Senior</span>,</p> +<p>Ego humiliter begs pardonum te becausus quaereri dignitatum +shoeblacki and credo me getturum esse hoc locum.</p> +<p style="text-align: right">Your humble servant,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Thomasus Bridgessus</span>.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Shortly afterwards Mr. Bridges was called upon, with six other +competitors, to attend in the Combination Room, and the following +papers were submitted to him.</p> +<h3>I</h3> +<p>1. Derive the word “blacking.” What +does Paley say on this subject? Do you, or do you not, +approve of Paley’s arguments, and why? Do you think +that Paley knew anything at all about it?</p> +<p>2. Who were Day and Martin? Give a short sketch of +their lives, and state their reasons for advertising their +blacking on the Pyramids. Do you approve of the advertising +system in general?</p> +<p>3. Do you consider the Japanese the original inventors +of blacking? State the principal ingredients of blacking, +and give a chemical analysis of the following substances: +Sulphate of zinc, nitrate of silver, potassium, copperas and +corrosive sublimate.</p> +<p>4. Is blacking an effective remedy against +hydrophobia? Against cholera? Against lock-jaw? +And do you consider it as valuable an instrument as burnt corks +in playing tricks upon a drunken man?</p> + +<div class="gapshortline"> </div> +<p>This was the Master’s paper. The Mathematical +Lecturer next gave him a few questions, of which the most +important were:—</p> +<h3>II</h3> +<p>1. Prove that the shoe may be represented by an equation +of the fifth degree. Find the equation to a man blacking a +shoe: (1) in rectangular co-ordinates; (2) in polar +co-ordinates.</p> +<p>2. A had 500 shoes to black every day, but being unwell +for two days he had to hire a substitute, and paid him a third of +the wages per shoe which he himself received. Had A been +ill two days longer there would have been the devil to pay; as it +was he actually paid the sum of the geometrical series found by +taking the first <i>n</i> letters of the substitute’s +name. How much did A pay the substitute? (Answer, +13<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>)</p> +<p>3. Prove that the scraping-knife should never be a +secant, and the brush always a tangent to a shoe.</p> +<p>4. Can you distinguish between <i>meum</i> and +<i>tuum</i>? Prove that their values vary inversely as the +propinquity of the owners.</p> +<p>5. How often should a shoe-black ask his master for beer +notes? Interpret a negative result.</p> +<h2><a name="page255"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 255</span>An +Eminent Person</h2> +<p><span class="smcap">Among</span> the eminent persons deceased +during the past week we have to notice Mr. Arthur Ward, the +author of the very elegant treatise on the penny whistle. +Mr. Ward was rather above the middle height, inclined to be +stout, and had lost a considerable portion of his hair. Mr. +Ward did not wear spectacles, as asserted by a careless and +misinformed contemporary. Mr. Ward was a man of great +humour and talent; many of his sayings will be treasured up as +household words among his acquaintance, for instance, +“Lor!” “Oh, ah!” “Sech +is life.” “That’s cheerful.” +“He’s a lively man is Mr. . . . ” His +manners were affable and agreeable, and his playful gambols +exhibited an agility scarcely to be expected from a man of his +stature. On Thursday last Mr. Ward was dining off +beef-steak pie when a bit of gristle, unfortunately causing him +to cough, brought on a fit of apoplexy, the progress of which no +medical assistance was able to arrest. It is understood +that the funeral arrangements have been entrusted to our very +respectable fellow-townsman Mr. Smith, and will take place on +Monday.</p> +<h2><a name="page256"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +256</span>Napoleon at St. Helena</h2> +<p class="poetry">I see a warrior ’neath a willow tree;<br +/> +His arms are folded, and his full fixed eye<br /> +Is gazing on the sky. The evening breeze<br /> +Blows on him from the sea, and a great storm<br /> +Is rising. Not the storm nor evening breeze,<br /> +Nor the dark sea, nor the sun’s parting beam<br /> +Can move him; for in yonder sky he sees<br /> +The picture of his life, in yonder clouds<br /> +That rush towards each other he beholds<br /> +The mighty wars that he himself hath waged.<br /> +Blow on him, mighty storm; beat on him, rain;<br /> +You cannot move his folded arms nor turn<br /> +His gaze one second from the troubled sky.<br /> +Hark to the thunder! To him it is not thunder;<br /> +It is the noise of battles and the din<br /> +Of cannons on the field of Austerlitz,<br /> +The sky to him is the whole world disturbed<br /> +By war and rumours of great wars.<br /> +He tumbled like a thunderbolt from heaven<br /> +Upon the startled earth, and as he came<br /> +The round world leapt from out her usual course<br /> +And thought her time was come. Beat on him, rain;<br /> +And roar about him, O thou voice of thunder.<br /> +But what are ye to him? O more to him<br /> +Than all besides. To him ye are himself,<br /> +He knows it and your voice is lovely to him.<br /> +Hath brought the warfare to a close.<br /> +The storm is over; one terrific crash<br /> +Now, now he feels it, and he turns away;<br /> +His arms are now unfolded, and his hands<br /> +Pressed to his face conceal a warrior’s tears.<br /> +He flings himself upon the springing grass,<br /> +And weeps in agony. See, again he rises;<br /> +His brow is calm, and all his tears are gone.<br /> +The vision now is ended, and he saith:<br /> +“Thou storm art hushed for ever. Not again<br /> +Shall thy great voice be heard. Unto thy rest<br /> +Thou goest, never never to return.<br /> +I thank thee, that for one brief hour alone<br /> +Thou hast my bitter agonies assuaged;<br /> +Another storm may scare the frightened heavens,<br /> +And like to me may rise and fill<br /> +The elements with terror. I, alas!<br /> +Am blotted out as though I had not been,<br /> +And am become as though I was not born.<br /> +My day is over, and my night is come—<br /> +A night which brings no rest, nor quiet dreams,<br /> +Nor calm reflections, nor repose from toil,<br /> +But pain and sorrow, anguish never ceasing,<br /> +With dark uncertainty, despair and pain,<br /> +And death’s wide gate before me. Fare ye well!<br /> +The sky is clear and the world at rest;<br /> +Thou storm and I have but too much in common.”</p> +<h2><a name="page258"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 258</span>The +Two Deans</h2> +<h3>I</h3> +<p class="poetry"><span class="smcap">Williams</span>, I like +thee, amiable divine!<br /> +No milk-and-water character is thine.<br /> +A lay more lovely should thy worth attend<br /> +Than my poor muse, alas! hath power to lend.<br /> +Shall I describe thee as thou late didst sit,<br /> +The gater gated and the biter bit,<br /> +When impious hands at the dead hour of night<br /> +Forbade the way and made the barriers tight?<br /> +Next morn I heard their impious voices sing;<br /> +All up the stairs their blasphemies did ring:<br /> +“Come forth, O Williams, wherefore thus supine<br /> +Remain within thy chambers after nine?<br /> +Come forth, suffer thyself to be admired,<br /> +And blush not so, coy dean, to be desired.”<br /> +The captive churchman chafes with empty rage,<br /> +Till some knight-errant free him from his cage.<br /> +Pale fear and anger sit upon yon face<br /> +Erst full of love and piety and grace,<br /> +But not pale fear nor anger will undo<br /> +The iron might of gimlet and of screw.<br /> +Grin at the window, Williams, all is vain;<br /> +The carpenter will come and let thee out again.<br /> + Contrast with him the countenance serene<br /> +And sweet remonstrance of the junior dean;<br /> +<a name="page259"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 259</span>The +plural number and the accents mild,<br /> +The language of a parent to a child.<br /> +With plaintive voice the worthy man doth state,<br /> +We’ve not been very regular of late.<br /> +It should more carefully its chapels keep,<br /> +And not make noises to disturb our sleep<br /> +By having suppers and at early hours<br /> +Raising its lungs unto their utmost powers.<br /> +We’ll put it, if it makes a noise again,<br /> +On gatesey patsems at the hour of ten;<br /> +And leafy peafy it will turn I’m sure,<br /> +And never vex its own dear Sharpey more.</p> +<h3>II</h3> +<p class="gutsumm"><span class="smcap">Scene</span>.—<i>The +Court of St. John’s College</i>, <i>Cambridge</i>. +<i>Enter the two Deans on their way to morning chapel</i>.</p> +<p class="poetry"><span class="smcap">Junior Dean</span>. +Brother, I am much pleased with Samuel Butler,<br /> +I have observed him mightily of late;<br /> +Methinks that in his melancholy walk<br /> +And air subdued whene’er he meeteth me<br /> +Lurks something more than in most other men.</p> +<p class="poetry"><span class="smcap">Senior Dean</span>. +It is a good young man. I do bethink me<br /> +That once I walked behind him in the cloister;<br /> +He saw me not, but whispered to his fellow:<br /> +“Of all men who do dwell beneath the moon<br /> +I love and reverence most the senior Dean.”</p> +<p class="poetry"><span class="smcap">Junior Dean</span>. +One thing is passing strange, and yet I know not<br /> +How to condemn it, but in one plain brief word<br /> +He never comes to Sunday morning chapel.<br /> +Methinks he teacheth in some Sunday-school,<br /> +Feeding the poor and starveling intellect<br /> +With wholesome knowledge, or on the Sabbath morn<br /> +He loves the country and the neighbouring spire<br /> +Of Madingley or Coton, or perchance<br /> +Amid some humble poor he spends the day,<br /> +Conversing with them, learning all their cares,<br /> +Comforting them and easing them in sickness.</p> +<p class="poetry"><span class="smcap">Senior Dean</span>. I +will advance him to some public post,<br /> +He shall be chapel clerk, some day a Fellow,<br /> +Some day perhaps a Dean, but as thou say’st<br /> +He is indeed an excellent young man—</p> +<p><i>Enter</i> <span class="smcap">Butler</span> +<i>suddenly</i>, <i>without a coat or anything on his head</i>, +<i>rushing through the cloisters</i>, <i>bearing a cup</i>, <i>a +bottle of cider</i>, <i>four lemons</i>, <i>two nutmegs</i>, +<i>half a pound of sugar and a nutmeg grater</i>.</p> +<p><i>Curtain falls on the confusion of</i> <span +class="smcap">Butler</span> <i>and the horror-stricken dismay of +the two Deans</i>.</p> +<h2><a name="page261"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 261</span>The +Battle of Alma Mater</h2> +<h3>I</h3> +<p class="poetry"><span class="smcap">The</span> Temperance +commissioners<br /> + In awful conclave sat,<br /> +Their noses into this to poke<br /> +To poke them into that—<br /> +In awful conclave sat they,<br /> + And swore a solemn oath,<br /> +That snuff should make no Briton sneeze,<br /> +That smokers all to smoke should cease,<br /> + They swore to conquer both.</p> +<h3>II</h3> +<p class="poetry">Forth went a great Teetotaller,<br /> + With pamphlet armed and pen,<br /> +He travelled east, he travelled west,<br /> + Tobacco to condemn.<br /> +At length to Cantabrigia,<br /> + To move her sons to shame,<br /> +Foredoomed to chaff and insult,<br /> + That gallant hero came.</p> +<h3>III</h3> +<p class="poetry">’Tis Friday: to the Guildhall<br /> + Come pouring in apace<br /> +The gownsmen and the townsmen<br /> + Right thro’ the market place—<br /> +They meet, these bitter foemen<br /> + Not enemies but friends—<br /> +Then fearless to the rostrum,<br /> + The Lecturer ascends.</p> +<h3>IV</h3> +<p class="poetry">He cursed the martyr’d Raleigh,<br /> + He cursed the mild cigar,<br /> +He traced to pipe and cabbage leaf<br /> + Consumption and catarrh;<br /> +He railed at simple bird’s-eye,<br /> + By freshmen only tried,<br /> +And with rude and bitter jest assailed<br /> + The yard of clay beside.</p> +<h3>V</h3> +<p class="poetry">When suddenly full twenty pipes,<br /> + And weeds full twenty more<br /> +Were seen to rise at signal,<br /> + Where none were seen before.<br /> +No mouth but puffed out gaily<br /> + A cloud of yellow fume,<br /> +And merrily the curls of smoke<br /> + Went circling ’thro the room.</p> +<h3>VI</h3> +<p class="poetry">In vain th’ indignant mayor harangued,<br +/> + A mighty chandler he!<br /> +While peas his hoary head around<br /> + They whistled pleasantly.<br /> +In vain he tenderly inquired,<br /> + ’Mid many a wild “hurrah!”<br /> +“Of this what father dear would think,<br /> + Of that what dear mamma?”</p> +<h3>VII</h3> +<p class="poetry">In rushed a host of peelers,<br /> + With a sergeant at the head,<br /> +Jaggard to every kitchen known,<br /> + Of missuses the dread.<br /> +In rushed that warlike multitude,<br /> + Like bees from out their hive,<br /> +With Fluffy of the squinting eye,<br /> + And fighting No. 5.</p> +<h3>VIII</h3> +<p class="poetry">Up sprang Inspector Fluffy,<br /> + Up Sergeant Jaggard rose,<br /> +And playfully with staff he tapped<br /> + A gownsman on the nose.<br /> +As falls a thundersmitten oak,<br /> + The valiant Jaggard fell,<br /> +With a line above each ogle,<br /> + And a “mouse” or two as well.</p> +<h3>IX</h3> +<p class="poetry">But hark! the cry is +“Smuffkins!”<br /> + And loud the gownsmen cheer,<br /> +And lo! a stalwart Johnian<br /> + Comes jostling from the rear:<br /> +He eyed the flinching peelers,<br /> + He aimed a deadly blow,<br /> +Then quick before his fist went down<br /> + Inspector, Marshal, Peelers, Town,<br /> +While fiercer fought the joyful Gown,<br /> + To see the claret flow.</p> +<h3>X</h3> +<p class="poetry">They run, they run! to win the door<br /> + The vanquished peelers flew;<br /> +They left the sergeant’s hat behind,<br /> + And the lecturer’s surtout:<br /> +Now by our Lady Margaret,<br /> + It was a goodly sight,<br /> +To see that routed multitude<br /> + Swept down the tide of flight.</p> +<h3>XI</h3> +<p class="poetry">Then hurrah! for gallant Smuffkins,<br /> + For Cantabs one hurrah!<br /> +Like wolves in quest of prey they scent<br /> + A peeler from afar.<br /> +Hurrah! for all who strove and bled<br /> + For liberty and right,<br /> +What time within the Guildhall<br /> + Was fought the glorious fight.</p> +<h2><a name="page265"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 265</span>On +the Italian Priesthood</h2> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>This an adaptation of the following +epigram</i>, <i>which appeared in Giuseppe Giusti’s</i> +<span class="smcap">Raccolta di Proverbi Toscani</span> +(<i>Firenze</i>, 1853)</p> +<blockquote><p><i>Con arte e con inganno si vive mezzo +l’anno</i><br /> +<i>Con inganno e con arte si vive l’altra parte</i>.</p> +<p>In knavish art and gathering gear<br /> +They spend the one half of the year;<br /> +In gathering gear and knavish art<br /> +They somehow spend the other part.</p> +</blockquote> +<h2><a name="page266"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +266</span>Samuel Butler and the Simeonites</h2> +<p class="gutsumm"><i>The following article</i>, <i>which +originally appeared in the</i> <span class="smcap">Cambridge +Magazine</span>, 1 <i>March</i>, 1913, <i>is by Mr. A. T. +Bartholomew</i>, <i>of the University Library</i>, +<i>Cambridge</i>, <i>who has most kindly allowed me to include it +in the present volume</i>. <i>Mr. Bartholomew’s +discovery of Samuel Butler’s parody of the Simeonite tract +throws a most interesting light upon a curious passage in</i> +<span class="smcap">The Way of all Flesh</span>, <i>and it is a +great pleasure to me to be able to give Butlerians the story of +Mr. Bartholomew’s</i> “<i>find</i>” <i>in his +own words</i>.</p> +<p><span class="smcap">Readers</span> of Samuel Butler’s +remarkable story <i>The Way of All Flesh</i> will probably recall +his description of the Simeonites (chap. xlvii), who still +flourished at Cambridge when Ernest Pontifex was up at +Emmanuel. Ernest went down in 1858; so did Butler. +Throughout the book the spiritual and intellectual life and +development of Ernest are drawn from Butler’s own +experience.</p> +<p>“The one phase of spiritual activity which had any life +in it during the time Ernest was at Cambridge was connected with +the name of Simeon. There were still a good many +Simeonites, or as they were more briefly called +‘Sims,’ in Ernest’s time. Every college +contained some of them, but their head-quarters were at Caius, +whither they were attracted by Mr. Clayton, who was at that time +senior tutor, and among the sizars of St. John’s. +Behind the then chapel of this last-named college was a +‘labyrinth’ (this was the name it bore) of dingy, +tumble-down rooms,” and here dwelt many Simeonites, +“unprepossessing in feature, gait, and manners, unkempt and +ill-dressed beyond what can be easily described. Destined +most of them for the Church, the Simeonites held themselves to +have received a very loud call to the ministry . . . They would +be instant in season and out of season in imparting spiritual +instruction to all whom they could persuade to listen to +them. But the soil of the more prosperous undergraduates +was not suitable for the seed they tried to sow. When they +distributed tracts, dropping them at night into good men’s +letter boxes while they were asleep, their tracts got burnt, or +met with even worse contumely.” For Ernest Pontifex +“they had a repellent attraction; he disliked them, but he +could not bring himself to leave them alone. On one +occasion he had gone so far as to parody one of the tracts they +had sent round in the night, and to get a copy dropped into each +of the leading Simeonites’ boxes. The subject he had +taken was ‘Personal Cleanliness.’”</p> +<p>Some years ago I found among the Cambridge papers in the late +Mr. J. W. Clark’s collection three printed pieces bearing +on the subject. The first is a genuine Simeonite tract; the +other two are parodies. All three are anonymous. At +the top of the second parody is written “By S. +Butler. March 31.” It will be necessary to give +a few quotations from the Simeonite utterance in order to bring +out the full flavour of Butler’s parody, which is given +entire. Butler went up to St. John’s in October, +1854; so at the time of writing this squib he was in his second +term, and 18 years of age.</p> +<p style="text-align: right">A. T. B.</p> +<p>I.—<i>Extracts from the sheet dated</i> “<i>St. +John’s College</i>, <i>March</i> 13<i>th</i>, +1855.” <i>In a manuscript note this is stated to be +by Ynyr Lamb</i>, <i>of St. John’s</i> (<i>B.A.</i>, +1862).</p> +<p>1. When a celebrated French king once showed the infidel +philosopher Hume into his carriage, the latter at once leaped in, +on which his majesty remarked: “That’s the most +accomplished man living.”</p> +<p>It is impossible to presume enough on Divine grace; this kind +of presumption is the characteristic of Heaven. . .</p> +<p>2. Religion is not an obedience to external forms or +observances, but “a bold leap in the dark into the arms of +an affectionate Father.”</p> +<p>4. However Church Music may raise the devotional +feelings, these bring a man not one iota nearer to Christ, +neither is it acceptable in His sight.</p> +<p>13. The <i>one</i> thing needful is Faith: Faith = +¼ (historical faith) + ¾ (heart-belief, or +assurance, or justification) 1¾ peace; and +peace=L<sup>n</sup> Trust - care+joy +<sup><i>n</i></sup><sup>-</sup><sup><i>r</i></sup><sup>+1</sup></p> +<p>18. The Lord’s church has been always peculiarly +tried at different stages of history, and each era will have its +peculiar glory in eternity. . . . At the present time the trial +for the church is peculiar; never before, perhaps, were the +insinuations of the adversary so plausible and artful—his +ingenuity so subtle—himself so much an angel of +light—experience has sharpened his +wit—“<i>While men slept</i> the enemy sowed +tares”—he is now the base hypocrite—he suits +his blandishments to all—the Church is lulled in the arms +of the monster, rolling the sweet morsel under her tongue . . +.</p> +<h3>II.—<i>Samuel Butler’s Parody</i></h3> +<p>1. Beware! Beware! Beware! The enemy +sowed tracts in the night, and the righteous men tremble.</p> +<p>2. There are only 10 good men in John’s; I am one; +reader, calculate your chance of salvation.</p> +<p>3. The genuine recipe for the leaven of the Pharisees is +still extant, and runs as follows:—Self-deceit ⅓ + +want of charity ½ + outward show ⅓, humbug ∞, +insert Sim or not as required. Reader, let each one who +would seem to be righteous take unto himself this leaven.</p> +<p>4. “The University Church is a place too much +neglected by the young men up here.” Thus said the +learned Selwyn, <a name="citation269"></a><a href="#footnote269" +class="citation">[269]</a> and he said well. How far better +would it be if each man’s own heart was a little University +Church, the pericardium a little University churchyard, wherein +are buried the lust of the flesh, the pomps and vanities of this +wicked world; the veins and arteries, little clergymen and +bishops ministering therein; and the blood a stream of soberness, +temperance and chastity perpetually flowing into it.</p> +<p>5. The deluge went before, misery followed after, in the +middle came a Puseyite playing upon an organ. Reader, flee +from him, for he playeth his own soul to damnation.</p> +<p>6. Church music is as the whore of Babylon, or the +ramping lion who sought whom he might devour; music in a church +cannot be good, when St. Paul bade those who were merry to sing +psalms. Music is but tinkling brass, and sounding cymbals, +which is what St. Paul says he should himself be, were he without +charity; he evidently then did not consider music desirable.</p> +<p>7. The most truly religious and only thoroughly good man +in Cambridge is Clayton, <a name="citation270"></a><a +href="#footnote270" class="citation">[270]</a> of Cams.</p> +<p>8. “Charity is but the compassion that we feel for +our own vices when we perceive their hatefulness in other +people.” Charity, then, is but another name for +selfishness, and must be eschewed accordingly.</p> +<p>9. A great French king was walking one day with the late +Mr. B., when the king dropped his umbrella. Mr. B. +instantly stooped down and picked it up. The king said in a +very sweet tone, “Thank you.”</p> +<p>10. The Cam is the river Jordan. An unthinking +mind may consider this a startling announcement. Let such +an one pray for grace to read the mystery aright.</p> +<p>11. When I’ve lost a button off my trousers I go +to the tailors’ and get a new one sewn on.</p> +<p>12. Faith and Works were walking one day on the road to +Zion, when Works turned into a public-house, and said he would +not go any further, at the same time telling Faith to go on by +himself, and saying that “he should be only a drag upon +him.” Faith accordingly left Works in the ale-house, +and went on. He had not gone far before he began to feel +faint, and thought he had better turn back and wait for +Works. He suited the action to the word, and finding Works +in an advanced state of beer, fell to, and even surpassed that +worthy in his potations. They then set to work and fought +lustily, and would have done each other a mortal injury had not a +Policeman providentially arrived, and walked them off to the +station-house. As it was they were fined Five Shillings +each, and it was a long time before they fully recovered.</p> +<p>13. What can 10 fools do among 300 sinners? They +can do much harm, and had far better let the sinners seek peace +their own way in the wilderness than ram it down their throats +during the night.</p> +<p>14. Barnwell is a place near Cambridge. It is one +of the descents into the infernal regions; nay, the infernal +regions have there ascended to the upper earth, and are +rampant. He that goeth by it shall be scorched, but he that +seeketh it knowingly shall be devoured in the twinkling of an +eye, and become withered as the grass at noonday.</p> +<p>15. Young men do not seem to consider that houses were +made to pray in, as well as to eat and to drink in. +Spiritual food is much more easily procured and far cheaper than +bodily nutriment; that, perhaps, is the reason why many overlook +it.</p> +<p>16. When we were children our nurses used to say, +“Rock-a-bye baby on the tree top, when the bough bends the +cradle will rock.” Do the nurses intend the wind to +represent temptation and the storm of life, the tree-top +ambition, and the cradle the body of the child in which the soul +traverses life’s ocean? I cannot doubt all this +passes through the nurses’ minds. Again, when they +say, “Little Bo-peep has lost her sheep and doesn’t +know where to find them; let them alone and they’ll come +home with their tails all right behind them,” is Little +Bo-peep intended for mother Church? Are the sheep our +erring selves, and our subsequent return to the fold? No +doubt of it.</p> +<p>17. A child will often eat of itself what no compulsion +can induce it to touch. Men are disgusted with religion if +it is placed before them at unseasonable times, in unseasonable +places, and clothed in a most unseemly dress. Let them +alone, and many will perhaps seek it for themselves, whom the +world suspects not. A whited sepulchre is a very +picturesque object, and I like it immensely, and I like a Sim +too. But the whited sepulchre is an acknowledged humbug and +most of the Sims are not, in my opinion, very far different.</p> +<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2> +<p><a name="footnote207"></a><a href="#citation207" +class="footnote">[207]</a> This was called to my attention +by a distinguished Greek scholar of this University.</p> +<p><a name="footnote233a"></a><a href="#citation233a" +class="footnote">[233a]</a> The Hauenstein tunnel was not +completed until later. Its construction was delayed by a +fall of earth which occurred in 1857 and buried sixty-three +workmen.—R. A. S.</p> +<p><a name="footnote233b"></a><a href="#citation233b" +class="footnote">[233b]</a> Mr. J. F. Harris has identified +Butler’s rooms in the third court of St. John’s +College.—R. A. S.</p> +<p><a name="footnote239"></a><a href="#citation239" +class="footnote">[239]</a> As Walmisley died in January, +1856, this piece must evidently date from Butler’s first +year at Cambridge.—R. A. S.</p> +<p><a name="footnote269"></a><a href="#citation269" +class="footnote">[269]</a> William Selwyn D.D., Fellow of +St. John’s Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity, died +1875.—A. T. B.</p> +<p><a name="footnote270"></a><a href="#citation270" +class="footnote">[270]</a> Charles Clayton, M.A., of Gonville and +Caius, Vicar of Holy Trinity, Cambridge, 1851–65. +Died 1883.—A. T. B.</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMBRIDGE PIECES***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 3278-h.htm or 3278-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/2/7/3278 + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part +of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, +and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive +specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this +eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook +for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, +performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given +away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks +not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the +trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. + +START: FULL LICENSE + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full +Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at +www.gutenberg.org/license. + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or +destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your +possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a +Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound +by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the +person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph +1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this +agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the +Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection +of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual +works in the collection are in the public domain in the United +States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the +United States and you are located in the United States, we do not +claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, +displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as +all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope +that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting +free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm +works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the +Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily +comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the +same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when +you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are +in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, +check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this +agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, +distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any +other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no +representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any +country outside the United States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other +immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear +prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work +on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, +performed, viewed, copied or distributed: + + This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and + most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no + restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it + under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this + eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the + United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you + are located before using this ebook. + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is +derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not +contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the +copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in +the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are +redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply +either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or +obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any +additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms +will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works +posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the +beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including +any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access +to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format +other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official +version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site +(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense +to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means +of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain +Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the +full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +provided that + +* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed + to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has + agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid + within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are + legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty + payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project + Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in + Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg + Literary Archive Foundation." + +* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all + copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue + all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm + works. + +* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of + any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of + receipt of the work. + +* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than +are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing +from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The +Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm +trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project +Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may +contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate +or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or +other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or +cannot be read by your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium +with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you +with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in +lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person +or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second +opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If +the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing +without further opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO +OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of +damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement +violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the +agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or +limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or +unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the +remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in +accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the +production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, +including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of +the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this +or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or +additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any +Defect you cause. + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of +computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It +exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations +from people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future +generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see +Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at +www.gutenberg.org + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by +U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the +mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its +volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous +locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt +Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to +date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and +official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact + +For additional contact information: + + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND +DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular +state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To +donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project +Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be +freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and +distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of +volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in +the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not +necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper +edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search +facility: www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +</pre></body> +</html> diff --git a/3278-h/images/cover.jpg b/3278-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..895df86 --- /dev/null +++ b/3278-h/images/cover.jpg |
